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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #55003 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/55003)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 37,
-March 13, 1841, by Various
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 37, March 13, 1841
-
-Author: Various
-
-Release Date: June 28, 2017 [EBook #55003]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, MARCH 13, 1841 ***
-
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-Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading
-Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
-images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org)
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-
-                        THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL.
-
-        NUMBER 37.      SATURDAY, MARCH 13, 1841.      VOLUME I.
-
-[Illustration: ROSS CASTLE, KILLARNEY.]
-
-We have heard some of our readers express surprise that we should not
-before this have taken notice, among our topographical collections,
-of some of the features of the far-famed Lakes of Killarney; but the
-truth is, that those features, though of the highest beauty, are not,
-for the greater part, such as wood-cut illustrations could adequately
-express; and even those which are properly suited to the powers of the
-graver have been in most instances already so often drawn and described,
-that it is now almost hopeless to expect to find either any new points
-of view or historical incidents connected with them, which have not
-already been made familiar to the reading public. Still, as our little
-weekly pennyworth is not intended exclusively for the wealthy and well
-informed, but even to a greater extent for those by whom more expensive
-publications are unattainable, it is right that we should occasionally
-notice subjects of popular interest, however familiar they may have been
-already made to a portion of our readers; and in doing so, we trust that
-we shall be able to make them in some degree acceptable to all, by the
-fidelity of our drawings, or the occasional novelty of the facts with
-which we shall illustrate them.
-
-We have chosen, accordingly, as the first of our Killarney subjects, the
-old favourite Ross Castle; not indeed as the best or least hacknied, but
-as properly that which should begin the series, for it is the first with
-which the Killarney tourist becomes familiar, and from which he usually
-starts to enjoy all the others.
-
-In a historical and antiquarian point of view, however, Ross Castle is
-indeed one of the most interesting objects to be found in connection
-with the enchanting scenery of the lakes. It is the time-worn fortress
-of their ancient chiefs, and its presence connects the history of man
-in distant times with the objects of eternal natural beauty by which it
-is surrounded, and imparts to them that delightful feeling or charm of
-romance which, exquisite as they are, they would necessarily want if it
-were absent.
-
-Ross Castle, as its present remains show, was similar in its plan
-and construction to most of those erected by the Irish chiefs in the
-fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and consisted of a lofty square tower
-or keep, to which were attached the domestic offices, all which were
-surrounded by out-works enclosing an ample bawn, and flanked by small
-circular towers at their angles. In its general character, therefore,
-Ross Castle has no peculiar features worthy of notice; and its chief
-interest is derived from its situation, which is of the most striking
-beauty, commanding the richest scenery of the lower lake, and its wooded
-isles, shores, and mountains. It is situated on the east shore of the
-lower lake, upon the narrow neck of the Ross or peninsula from which it
-derives its name, and which, by an artificial cut through a morass,
-across which a small bridge is thrown, has been converted into an island.
-Neither the date of the erection of this castle nor the name of its
-founder has been preserved; but its architectural style will not allow us
-to suppose it much older than the early part of the fifteenth century,
-and history shows that it was for a considerable period the residence of
-the illustrious family of O’Donoghoe, hereditary chiefs of the territory
-called the Eoganacht, or Onaght of Lough Lein, or the present lower lake
-of Killarney.
-
-The great antiquity and dignity of the family of O’Donoghoe still lives
-in the popular legends of the people, and is abundantly proved, by the
-Irish annals and genealogies. In an inaugural ode which was recited by
-the poet Cathan O’Duinnin at the inauguration of Teige the Generous
-O’Donoghoe, in 1320, and which is still preserved in the MS. library of
-Trinity College, the pedigree of the O’Donoghoes, with their filiations,
-is given, through twenty-seven generations, from Core, the son of
-Lughaidh King of Munster in 380, to that time, and there is no reason to
-doubt its accuracy or historic truth. Our space will not permit us to
-enter at any length on the history of this illustrious family, but we
-may observe, that its ancient rank is sufficiently proved by the fact,
-as stated in the Annals of Inisfallin, that their ancestor Donnell, the
-son of Duvdavoran, was the second in command of the Eugenian forces at
-the memorable battle of Clontarf, and that shortly after that conflict he
-contested the sovereignty of Desmond or South Munster with its king, and
-slew him in battle.
-
-In subsequent ages the family of O’Donoghoe split into three great
-branches; that of O’Donoghoe More, or the great, of which Ross Castle
-became the residence; O’Donoghoe of the Glens; and O’Donoghoe of Lough
-Lein. Of these three families the first and last are supposed to be
-extinct, and are at least reduced to poverty; but that of the Glens is
-still represented by O’Donoghoe of Killarney, who is consequently the
-reputed chief of this illustrious family. By a happy chance, very rare
-in Ireland, O’Donoghoe, who is as yet a minor, possesses a considerable
-portion of the estates of his ancestors of the Glens; but the properly of
-the O’Donoghoe More, or Ross, as well as that of the O’Donoghoe of Lough
-Lein, has been long in the possession of the noble house of Kenmare, of
-which their ancestor Sir Valentine Brown made a purchase from Donald
-M’Carty More, Earl of Clancarthy, as early as the year 1588, it having
-been forfeited by Rory O’Donoghoe More some time previously. These lands,
-as Dr Smith acquaints us, were subsequently confirmed to the grandson of
-the first purchaser, Valentine, son of Nicholas Brown, by letters patent
-of King James I. which passed the seal May 12, 1612, and included with
-others the entire country of Onaugh, alias Onaught O’Donoghoe More, in
-the county of Desmond, in which were contained the manor and lake of
-the Castle of Ross, with divers islands in Lough Lein, with all other
-his estate, containing 82 quarters of land, amounting to 6560 acres,
-besides the fishings belonging to the manor of Ross-I-Donoghoe, all which
-premises came to the family by immediate bargain and grant from the Earl
-of Clancarthy, by the indenture before mentioned. “But,” as Smith adds,
-“some question being made of the validity of this grant from the crown,
-the king, by privy seal, dated at Greenwich, 28th May 1618, directed
-Sir Oliver St John, lord-deputy, to accept a surrender thereof from him
-[Valentine], and to re-grant the same to him in fee by a new patent, for
-clearing all doubt, and the better settlement of his estate.”
-
-But though the lands of O’Donoghoe More have passed away from his race,
-he still retains possession of the waters: and, though dead himself
-corporeally, he still lives, and governs spiritually in his ancient
-principality. If, reader, you doubt the truth of our statement, ask
-the people of the lakes, and they will at once remove your scepticism.
-They will tell you that he frequently appears to them on May-day, on a
-milk-white horse, gliding over the glassy lake to the sound of unearthly
-music, and attended by troops of spirits scattering spring flowers.
-They differ, indeed, a good deal in their accounts of the appearance
-of their ancient lord. Derrick, in his amusing Letters on Killarney,
-written in 1760, tells us that he was assured, when O’Donoghoe revisits
-his friends, which is every May morning before sunrise, he is “attended
-by an incredible number of followers, wrestling, hurling, and playing
-football upon the surface of the lake, which affords them as sure footing
-as the solid earth.” And Derrick’s friend, Mr Ockenden, whose letters
-descriptive of Killarney are printed in the same volume, describes
-O’Donoghoe’s horse not as a white but a black one. As this gentleman’s
-account of O’Donoghoe’s visits is the most minute, as well as the
-earliest, that we have seen, we are tempted to give it in full.
-
-“There lived in the largest island (for there are several islands on the
-lake) many hundred years ago, a petty prince, named O’Donoghoe, who was
-lord of the whole lake, the surrounding shore, and a large district of
-neighbouring country. He manifested, during his stay upon earth, great
-munificence, great humanity, and great wisdom; for, by his profound
-knowledge in all the secret powers of nature, he wrought wonders as
-miraculous as any tradition has recorded of saints by the aid of angels,
-or of sorcerers by the assistance of demons; and among many other most
-astonishing performances he rendered his person immortal. After having
-continued a long time upon the surface of the globe without growing old,
-he one day, at Ross Castle (the place where he most usually resided),
-took leave of his friends, and rising from the floor, like some aërial
-existence, passed through the window, shot away horizontally to a
-considerable distance from the castle, and then descended. The water
-unfolding at his approach, gave him entrance down to the subaqueous
-regions, and then, to the inexpressible astonishment of all beholders,
-closed over his head, as they believed, for ever: but in this they were
-mistaken.
-
-He returned again some years after, revisiting, not, like Hamlet’s ghost,
-‘the glimpses of the moon making night hideous,’ but the radiance of the
-sun making day joyful, to those at least who saw him: since which time he
-has continued to make very frequent expeditions to these upper regions,
-sometimes three or four in a year; but sometimes three or four years pass
-without his once appearing, which the bordering inhabitants have always
-looked on as a mark of very bad times.
-
-It was feared this would be the third year he would suffer to elapse
-without his once cheering their eyes with his presence: but at the latter
-end of last August he again appeared, to the inexpressible joy of all,
-and was seen by numbers in the middle of the day. I had the curiosity,
-before I left Killarney, to visit one of the witnesses to this very
-marvellous fact.
-
-The account she gives is, that returning with a kinswoman to her house
-at the head of the lake, they both beheld a fine gentleman, mounted upon
-a black horse, ascend through the water with a numerous retinue on foot,
-who all moved together along the surface towards a small island, near
-which they again descended under water. This account is confirmed, in
-time, place, and circumstances, by many more spectators from the side of
-the lake, who are all ready to swear, and not improbably to suffer death,
-in support of their testimony.
-
-His approach is sometimes preceded by music inconceivably harmonious;
-sometimes by thunder inexpressibly loud; but oftenest without any
-warning whatsoever. He always rises through the surface of the lake,
-and generally amuses himself upon it, but not constantly: for there is
-a farmer now alive, who declares, as I am told, that riding one evening
-near the lower end of the lake, he was overtaken by a gentleman who
-seemed under thirty years of age, very handsome in his person, very
-sumptuous in his apparel, and very affable in his conversation. After
-having travelled for some time together, the nobleman (for such he judged
-him to be by his appearance) observed, that as night was approaching, the
-town far off, and lodging not easy to be found, he should be welcome to
-take a bed that night at his house, which, he said, was not very distant.
-
-The invitation was readily accepted; they approached the lake together,
-and both their horses moved upon the surface without sinking, to the
-infinite amazement of the farmer, who thence perceived the stranger to be
-no less than the great O’Donoghoe. They rode a considerable distance from
-shore, and then, descending into a delightful country under water, lay
-that night in a house much larger in size and much more richly furnished
-than even Lord Kenmare’s at Killarney.”
-
-With respect, however, to the colour of O’Donoghoe’s horse, the
-prevailing belief seems now to be, that it is a white one, and this
-notion has been adopted by our national bard, Moore, in his beautiful
-song called “O’Donoghoe’s Mistress,” which, as he informs us, is founded
-on one among other stories connected with this legend of the lakes, and
-in which it is said that there was a young and beautiful girl, whose
-imagination was so impressed with the idea of this visionary chieftain,
-that she fancied herself in love with him, and at last, in a fit of
-insanity, on a May morning, threw herself into the lake. But we had
-better give the song itself:--
-
-    Of all the fair months, that round the sun
-    In light-linked dance their circles run,
-      Sweet May, shine thou for me;
-    For still, when thy earliest beams arise,
-    That youth, who beneath the blue lake lies,
-      Sweet May, returns to me.
-
-    Of all the bright haunts, where daylight leaves
-    Its lingering smile on golden eves,
-      Fair lake, thou’rt dearest to me;
-    For when the last April sun grows dim,
-    Thy Naiads prepare his steed for him,
-      Who dwells, bright lake, in thee.
-
-    Of all the proud steeds that ever bore
-    Young plumed chiefs on sea or shore,
-      White steed, most joy to thee;
-    Who still, with the first young glance of spring,
-    From under that glorious lake dost bring
-      My love, my chief, to me.
-
-    While, white as the sail some bark unfurls,
-    When newly launch’d, thy long mane curls,
-      Fair steed, as white and free;
-    And spirits, from all the lake’s deep bowers,
-    Glide o’er the blue wave scattering flowers,
-      Around my love and thee.
-
-    Of all the sweet deaths that maidens die,
-    Whose lovers beneath the cold wave lie,
-      Most sweet that death will be,
-    Which under the next May evening’s light,
-    When thou and thy steed are lost to sight,
-      Dear love, I’ll die for thee.
-
-But we have been attracted by this phantom chief too long from our
-immediate subject, and we must now return to it. From the historical
-notices of Ross Castle, as collected by the historian of Kerry, it will
-be seen that it was of old a place of some strength and importance, and
-that its possession was not to be acquired without expense and trouble.
-In his description of Ross island, published in 1756, Dr Smith states
-that “on it stands an ancient castle, formerly the seat of O’Donoghoe
-Ross, which hath a new barrack adjoining to it. This place hath been for
-some years past a military garrison, having a governor appointed for it
-upon the establishment. Before the castle are a few dismounted iron guns,
-which give it something the air of a fortification. The castle had been
-flanked with round turrets, which together with its situation rendered it
-a place of some strength. In the wars of 1641, it surrendered to Ludlow,
-who was attended in the expedition by Lord Broughil and Sir Hardress
-Waller, and was the last place that held out in Munster against the
-English parliament.”
-
-This surrender followed the decisive battle of Knockinclashy, in the
-county of Cork, in 1652, fought by the Lord Broughil on the English
-side, and the Lord Muskerry on that of the Irish, after which the latter
-retreated into Ross Castle, and was followed thither by Ludlow, who,
-with 4000 foot and 200 horse, laid siege to the castle. The subsequent
-proceedings are thus described by Ludlow himself:--
-
-“In this expedition I was accompanied by the Lord Broughil, and Sir
-Hardress Waller, major-general of the foot. Being arrived at this
-place, I was informed that the enemy received continual supplies from
-those parts that lay on the other side, and were covered with woods and
-mountains; whereupon I sent a party of two thousand foot to clear those
-woods, and to find out some convenient place for erecting a fort, if
-there should be occasion. These forces met with some opposition, but at
-last they routed the enemy, killing some, and taking others prisoners:
-the rest saved themselves by their good footmanship. Whilst this was
-doing, I employed that part of the army which was with me in fortifying a
-neck of land, where I designed to leave a party to keep in the Irish on
-this side, that I might be at liberty, with the greater part of the horse
-and foot, to look after the enemy abroad, and to receive and convoy such
-boats and other things necessary as the commissioners sent us by sea.
-When we had received our boats, each of which was capable of containing
-one hundred and twenty men, I ordered one of them to be rowed about the
-water, in order to find out the most convenient place for landing upon
-the enemy; which they perceiving, thought fit, by a timely submission,
-to prevent the danger that threatened them; and having expressed their
-desires to that purpose, commissioners were appointed on both sides to
-treat.”
-
-After a fortnight’s debate, says Ludlow, articles were agreed upon
-and ratified on both sides; and the son of the Lord Muskerry and Sir
-Daniel O’Brien were delivered up as hostages for the performance of the
-treaty; in consequence of which, about 5000 Irish, horse and foot, laid
-down their arms and delivered up their horses, and thus terminated the
-hostilities in Munster.
-
-Smith, in his History of Kerry, tells us that “a man whose name was
-Hopkins, and who a few years ago was sexton of Swords, near Dublin,
-was present at the taking and surrender of this place, and assisted in
-drawing the above-mentioned vessel into the lake. The Irish,” he adds,
-“had a kind of prophecy among them, that Ross Castle could not be taken
-until a ship should swim upon the lake; and the appearance of this vessel
-contributed not a little to intimidate the garrison, and to hasten the
-capitulation. The said Hopkins lived to the age of one hundred and
-fifteen years, and died at Swords.”
-
-We have already stated that a barrack was erected in connection with the
-castle in the commencement of the last century, and a small garrison
-was kept here till a few years ago. These hideous barracks, as Sir R.
-C. Hoare called them, were a dreadful eye-sore to all the lovers of
-the picturesque who visited the Killarney lakes; but Ireland seems no
-longer to require such structures, and the barrack of Ross Castle has
-been some time dismantled, and its ivied walls now contribute to the
-picturesqueness of the parent fortress.
-
-                                                                       P.
-
-
-
-
-EDUCATION OF YOUTH.
-
-
-Action of both mind and body ought to be so continued as to serve as
-relaxation to each other. The mind of a man, still more of a child, is
-incapable of long perseverance in mental exertion. This is a generally
-acknowledged truth, to which I shall add one more to the same purpose,
-which is less known. Young men, and those who are not advanced in years,
-if healthy and of warm constitutions, are never very greatly inclined to
-mental exertion till their bodies are to a certain degree fatigued, I do
-not say wholly exhausted. Till this fatigue is produced, their body has
-a preponderance over the mind, and in this case it is a truly natural
-want, which cannot easily be silenced. Each muscle requires exertion,
-and the whole machine strives to employ its powers; this is vulgarly
-called to have no sit-still flesh. If the fatigue be once brought on,
-the call for bodily exertion is stilled; the mind is no longer disturbed
-by it, and all its labours are facilitated. Our common mode of education
-pays no regard to this: youths appear in school to be strengthened by
-sleep and food, and too frequently, alas! thrown into an unnatural
-heat and commotion. How is it possible to fix the attention under such
-circumstances? The body requires action; if this be not allowed, it will
-obtain it in silence; it will act upon the passions, and, above all, the
-fiery temperament of youth will influence the imagination. Thus attention
-slumbers. We are barbarous when we attempt to awaken it with the rod;
-we require from innocent children what is unnatural; we inflict pain
-on the body to prevent its action; yet activity was bestowed on it by
-its creator; yet nature renovates this activity every night; the mind
-is soon carried away by the whirlwind of corporal energies, and lost in
-the realm of chimeras. To facilitate the contemplation of them, I shall
-just repeat the desirable parallel between the qualities of the body
-and mind:--Health of body--serenity of mind--hardiness--manliness of
-sentiment--strength and address--presence of mind and courage--activity
-of body--activity of mind--excellence of form--mental beauty--acuteness
-of the senses--strength of understanding.
-
-                                                                 MEDICUS.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-ANCIENT MUSIC.--The Egyptian flute was only a cow’s horn with three or
-four holes in it, and their harp or lyre had only three strings; the
-Grecian lyre had only seven strings, and was very small, being held
-in one hand; the Jewish trumpets, that made the walls of Jericho fall
-down, were only rams’ horns. Their flute was the same as the Egyptian;
-they had no other instrumental music but by percussion, of which the
-greatest boast was the psaltery, a small triangular harp or lyre with
-wire strings, and struck with an iron needle or stick; their sacbut was
-something like a bagpipe; the timbrel was a tambourine, and the dulcimer
-was a horizontal harp, with wire strings, and struck with a stick like
-the psaltery. They had no written music; had scarcely a vowel in their
-language, and yet, according to Josephus, had two hundred thousand
-musicians playing at the dedication of the Temple of Solomon. Mozart
-would have died in such a concert in the greatest agonies.--_Dr Burney’s
-History of Music._
-
-
-
-
-POETICAL LECTURE ON ANATOMY.
-
-
-The following is the purport of a lecture on anatomy. The lecturer is
-represented as taking up the human skull, containing the brain and its
-appendages, with the nervous cords exposed to observation, and with
-“_apostrophic eye_” proceeding:--
-
-    This is the tenement of thought,
-      The mansion of the mind,
-    Whose empire, as the universe,
-      Is boundless undefined!
-    ’Tis vaulted, like the evening sky
-      In star-wrought grace unfurl’d,
-    And like that very firmament,
-      Hangs o’er a breathing world--
-    A world of thought, a world of sense,
-      A world of passion, pride,
-    Reason, perception, hope, love, light,
-      In glory side by side!
-    Here gather, too, in crowded thrall
-      Of agile grace and hue,
-    Imagination’s thousand forms
-      Fast thronging on the view.
-    Here reason reigns, here genius dwells,
-      And here ambition lives!
-    And brightest ’mid that mighty throng,
-      The soul immortal thrives.
-    Here, too, imperial will resides
-      In regal state enshrined,
-    In stern dominion over all,
-      With majesty combined!
-    Mark this! it is his messenger,
-      That, like electric fire,
-    Swift-wing’d, the mandate beareth forth
-      Of reason or desire.
-    This filament, this very thread,
-      Hath power to shake the frame;
-    THAT, whispering to the heart’s warm core,
-      To light love’s genial flame.
-    And THIS, or THIS, to sense inclined,
-      Hath magic in its spell,
-    To waken pleasure, pain, or hope,
-      And rapture’s story tell.
-    And this small cord sent to the eye,
-      Can comprehend the whole--
-    The limitless, the vast profound,
-      Where worlds unnumbered roll!
-    THAT, to the tongue can captivate,
-      THIS, epicures enslave,
-    THAT, to the same makes slander rife,
-      And THIS perchance a knave.
-    THAT, to the ear, oft makes the soul
-      Quake ’neath the thunder’s peal,
-    Or to the heart, with genius warm’d,
-      A dream’s low tones reveal.
-    Concenter’d in one mass, this brain,
-      These make man what he is,
-    The offspring of yon world of light,
-      The life and soul of this.
-
-                                       --_From an American work._
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-THE RIVER ST JOHN, IN NEW BRUNSWICK.--In this river there are several
-falls, not downwards, as in the ordinary course of rivers, but upwards
-against the current. The River St John is of the size of the Rhine. It
-drains a large portion of the province of New Brunswick. The mass of
-water it discharges into the Bay of Fundy is prodigious, especially
-during the spring floods, when the tides rise to the height of 35, 50,
-and sometimes even 60 feet, above the ordinary level. The remarkable
-fall of the water backwards is produced by the enormous volume of water,
-occupying a channel in some places ten miles in breadth, being confined
-near St John’s into a breadth of 300 yards, which occasions it to roll
-back impetuously in the form of a magnificent cascade.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-CHILDREN OF THE POOR.--Charles Lamb has truly and touchingly remarked,
-that common people’s children “are dragged up, not brought up.” There
-is a precocity--not, indeed, of intellect, but of prudence and worldly
-wisdom--in them, that is truly painful. Care has usurped the empire of
-carelessness, that legitimate monarch of a child’s being; and like
-all usurpers, has in the vehemence of his achievements anticipated the
-slow march of Time. Life itself, which among the children of the rich
-is an exuberant overflowing, that, lavish it as they may, still seems
-inexhaustible, among those of the poor is a lean phantom, grasped at with
-pain and maintained with a struggle; in short, they know nothing of youth
-but its feebleness and its wailing; its bloom and its buoyancy being,
-like every other luxury, beyond their reach. To me the most painful sight
-in this world is a poor, that is, a destitute child. Whatever misery a
-grown-up person may be plunged into, a thousand suppositions are left for
-its palliation: they may once have been well off, or they may have been
-the artificers of their own ruin, and they may live to see better days:
-but children--they can have done nothing to deserve that the one blessing
-unmortgaged at the Fall, the carelessness of youth, should be taken from
-them.--_Lady Bulwer._
-
-
-
-
-THE DECAYED OLD GENTLEMAN, A SKETCH.
-
-
-There is something very touching about this character--something in his
-mild tone of speech, in his polite and gentle demeanour, that at once
-engages our sympathies. We have the poor old gentleman distinctly before
-our mind’s eye at this moment. Let us endeavour to sketch him.
-
-He is of middle height, well proportioned, and of rather slender make.
-His clothes, though a good deal the worse for wear, are carefully
-brushed, and put on with scrupulous neatness. His linens are clean and
-bright, and his neck-cloth, equally faultless, is adjusted with nice
-precision; for, old as he is, he has not lost, nor ever will lose,
-that sense of propriety which dictates a decent attention to external
-appearance.
-
-Some sixty and odd summers have passed over the head of him who is the
-subject of our sketch, and they have left their usual traces behind. His
-hair is thin and scanty, and of the silvery hue of eild. His countenance
-is expressive at once of a gentle and benevolent nature, of a cultivated
-mind and refined taste. He has seen much, read much, and thought more.
-A certain air of mild, subdued dignity--for the old man, poor though he
-be, never for a moment forgets that he _is_ a gentleman--adds a grace
-to all he says and does. When in society, or when accosted by a friend,
-a pleasant smile, speaking a sincere affability, plays on his cheerful
-countenance. But when alone, when there is no one present to demand the
-exercise of his politeness, the expression of that countenance subsides
-into a gentle melancholy. His look is then grave and thoughtful; somewhat
-sad, but not morose. There has been disappointment in his life, high
-hopes laid low, and noble aspirations foiled in their aim.
-
-Delightful it is to see the old gentleman enter a room in which some
-friends are assembled--his bow is so graceful--his smile so cheerful--his
-words of greeting so pleasant to the ear. All rise, smiling, to receive
-him--all hail his presence, with a quiet but heartfelt joy. Welcome,
-thrice welcome is he to all. His gentle manners, his exhaustless store
-of anecdote, all so well selected, all so neatly told. His intelligence
-and extensive information render him one of the most delightful of
-companions. A welcome visitor is he at all times--a welcome addition to
-the family circle into which it is his delight to drop, just in time to
-share in the sober, social cup of tea, his favourite beverage.
-
-The old gentleman is unmarried--he is a bachelor. There is some vague
-unconnected story of an early attachment and of disappointed love, but
-nobody knows any of the particulars--no one knows who the lady was, nor
-what were the circumstances of the case; and our old friend never alludes
-to them in the most distant manner. The history of this passage in his
-life is a secret pent up within his own breast; one that will go with
-him to the grave, and with him be buried within its silent precincts.
-But it is one over which he often broods in the solitude of his solitary
-chamber, and during those sleepless nights, and they are many, when
-reminiscences of the past forbid the approach of forgetfulness.
-
-Being a bachelor, and his circumstances narrow--a small annuity being now
-his only dependence--our old friend has no house of his own. He lives
-in hired lodgings--humble, but cleanly, comfortable and respectable.
-His landlady is a “decent widow,” and he has been her lodger for
-fifteen years. Little as he has, he has always paid her punctually, and
-to the last farthing; and much does she esteem and respect her kind
-and gentlemanly inmate. Regular and temperate in all his habits, and
-moderate in his desires, he gives her little trouble, and even that
-little he is at all times anxious to abridge. His cup of tea or coffee
-morning and evening is nearly all in the way of cookery that he requires
-at her hands. Quietly he comes in and quietly he goes out, and he
-never does either without saying something kind or civil as he passes.
-In all things easily pleased, he expresses thanks for every little
-attention shown him, and never raises his voice in anger, never even in
-querulousness or impatience. To every one around him, without distinction
-of rank or worldly circumstances, he is all politeness, all gentleness,
-and all kindness.
-
-Who can but love and respect the decayed old gentleman!
-
-                                                                       C.
-
-
-
-
-THE ITALIAN ORGAN BOY.
-
-PART FIRST.
-
-
-The streets of a great city, whether swept by the tumultuous tide of
-life by day, or echoing only to the dull and solitary tread of the
-patrol by night, are never devoid of material for interesting remark
-or rumination to such as are so disposed. He must, indeed, be a man
-of sluggish sensibilities and slender fancy who could traverse any of
-our great thoroughfares without finding them occasionally touched by
-some of the thousand little tales of anxiety or satisfaction, mourning
-or merriment, legible in brief upon the faces of the motley and
-many-featured throng around him, or at least, by the supplemental aid of
-a little imagination, plausibly constructed from the elements thereby
-supplied. There is perhaps no period so well fitted for these studies of
-life, as it is in its private and more important aspect, as the close
-of one of our short and busy winter days, when the pressure of diurnal
-toil is removed from men’s minds, whether its effect has been to sway
-them from the contemplation of joy or wretchedness, and unbiassed they
-are left to imprint their character on the countenance of each. When
-does cheerfulness appear so undiluted as when a long winter evening’s
-recreation spreads out before it, whether spent within the mellowed glow
-of a happy domestic hearth, with all its easy, pure, and unsuspicious
-pleasures, or in the social reunion with its friendly, careless, and
-unclouded gaiety? and when does wretchedness feel so blank and dismal
-as when a weary length of dim and rayless hours gives space for all its
-melancholy broodings, undiverted by occupation, unmitigated by that
-spirit of hope which more or less mingles with the temperament of all by
-day, as if a constituent of the glad light of heaven in which we then
-live and move? A cursory reading of the countenance of each passer by
-will at this hour give the poorest physiognomist no inaccurate notion of
-the complexion of his domestic lot; and, selecting an individual from the
-homeward-wending crowd, I often form my speculation as to the scene that
-awaits him, follow him in the freedom of all-privileged and all-pervading
-thought across the threshold of his abode, conjure up the circumstances
-of his reception, glance through the perspective of his evening
-arrangements, and, as I find them agreeable or the reverse, extend or
-curtail my domiciliary inspection.
-
-During a recent winter, on one of its most cheerless evenings, I was
-thus exercising my discernment and my fancy in a long homeward walk
-through the centre of the city, and mentally apportioning to each that
-attracted my eye the share of satisfaction or discomfort that lay
-before him--my own mind subject to the lights and shadows, the glow and
-chill, which in various degrees were suggested as the lot of each. It
-was precisely the evening to lend the keenest zest to the happiness of
-the light-hearted, and a more poignant bitterness to the misery of the
-unfortunate. A cold icy wind whistled shrilly through every narrow street
-and entry as I passed it, and swept more boldly down the wider spaces,
-bearing, occasionally, slanting showers of sleet, which a glance at the
-dun and overcharged canopy of snow-clouds and of smoke above showed to
-be but premonitory intimations of a heavy and continuous fall. For the
-most part, all below was impatient motion and occupied expectation,
-because almost all had a goal in view to which they hastened, the fierce
-inclemency of the weather impelling alike the mirthful and the melancholy
-onward. The well-fed, well-defended passenger, with muffled neck and
-arms thrust to the elbow in the pockets of his dreadnought, rubbed
-shoulders with the half-paralyzed and shivering wretch that shuffled amid
-the hurrying throng, often apparently without other object than that
-of joining in the stream of fellow-creatures, whom he could resemble
-in no other way. Carriage after carriage rolled past, the children of
-affluence for their tenants, interchanging careless comments, or looking
-with languid and heedless gaze upon the squalid, the impoverished, the
-abandoned, the degraded, that, alas! met the eye so often as to account
-for, and almost justify, the indifference displayed.
-
-“What a collocation, not merely of the extremes of human condition, but
-of almost every interposed gradation!” thought I, as, sated with the
-multiform instances presented in the concourse, and half bewildered
-with the medley of sights and sounds--the glittering ostentation of the
-glaring shops, the hum and tramp of the jostling crowd, the din and
-rattle of ceaseless vehicles, from the lumbering dray to the elastic
-carriage, the oft-mingled appeal of importunate mendicants, and, not
-least confounding, the sleet-laden and staggering blasts that met me
-with wild caprice at almost every corner--I gladly turned aside into
-a more sheltered and less frequented street, to pursue a route of
-greater ease, though at the expense of a greater circuit. But misery
-in the aggregate can generally be encountered with less disturbance
-than when submitted to in the case of solitary sufferers; and before I
-had proceeded half the length of a private and comparatively deserted
-street, I had more effective calls upon my charity--there was at that
-time no legal provision for the necessitous--than when passing among the
-abounding instances of destitution I had just witnessed. My stock of
-small change, and I must add, co-equally therewith, that of my patience
-too, was nearly exhausted, when my eye fell upon the figure of a young
-lad, who stood indifferently sheltered from the wind under the projected
-doorway of an uninhabited house. I had made up my mind to the customary
-solicitation: but he seemed so abstracted as not to notice my approach,
-and, pitying the forlorn looking youth, and wondering at his forbearance,
-I walked slowly past, to give him an opportunity. I found him to be
-an organ-player, for the instrument, unslung from his shoulders,
-rested upon the flag at his feet, and a brief notice of his collapsed
-but characteristic features showed him to be an Italian. A shivering
-marmoset, partly covered by his jacket, was lodged on the hollow of one
-arm, while the other, resting on his raised knee, supported his head, as,
-unconscious of my proximity and observation, he gazed fixedly upon the
-ground. The sight of mute personal privation and friendless loneliness
-would at such a crisis have been influential enough to stir up whatever
-humanity one had, but when witnessed in a stranger from a far land,
-in one, too, nurtured under the sapphire skies and blissful clime of
-Italy, and withering now by a dismal change beneath such dense and murky
-clouds, and such a pitiless and scourging breeze, the demand on one’s
-kindly offices was irresistible, and, drawing near to the desolate lad,
-I accompanied a small gift with a few words in his own most musical and
-thrilling tongue. He started from his musing posture as the electric
-syllables struck upon his ear, and, as he gazed with keen enthusiasm
-upon me, the blood mantled vividly upon his chilled and weather-wrinkled
-cheek, while with grateful but melancholy earnestness he poured out his
-thanks. There was something to me unusually touching in the aspect of
-the friendless young foreigner, as well as in the circumstances in which
-I found him. He had a cast of thought and maturity in his face which
-hardship, isolation, and self-dependence, seemed to have anticipated
-years in producing; for his slender and stripling figure, and the
-unshaven down upon his lip, bespoke him still in an early stage of
-youth. After a word or two of compassion, I passed on. But his dashed
-and disappointed look at separation followed me: my conscience chid me
-for resting in a cold gratuity to one so dejected, yet so sensitive to
-relief--a spring of gladness for whom my acquaintance with his native
-language, it appeared, could so easily unseal.
-
-He was a stranger, weary, friendless, cheerless, and
-necessitous--unsusceptible of those mitigations of suffering which even
-the poorest experience among their own people and their own kindred. I
-was hastening to my unshared, ’tis true, but far, therefore, from joyless
-lodgings, an abundant board, a radiant fire, a storm and snow proof
-apartment, furnished with all the appliances of comfort which winter
-covets; and would they be diminished by the admission of this homeless,
-and, from his countenance, I dare certify, guileless wanderer, to share
-for a time their influence? No. I have it in my power to interpose one
-bright spot in his life of hardship and privation, to suspend for a
-while the yearnings with which doubtless, at this hour of dreariness and
-suffering, he turns in thought to the scenes of his but recent childhood
-in his own lovely land, to the sunny azure skies the joyous vine-clad
-hills, the playmates that even now, perhaps, at the close of a bright
-and genial day, are clustering in merry meeting for the evening song
-and dance, his father’s cottage, his mother’s caress. “Yes, I will turn
-back,” exclaimed I, “and enable him, if ever he rejoin the social circle
-in his own ardent home, to tell his eager listeners a trait of kindness
-and sympathy shared in the far off frigid country of the north.” As I
-concluded, I again stood before him, as with a shiver and a sigh the poor
-lad was about raising his organ upon his shoulder again; and, telling
-him that I had been in and loved the land from which he came, that I was
-fond of its people, and of their music too, and wished to talk with and
-hear him play at leisure and in comfort by my own fireside, asked him to
-accompany me to it. A smile of gladness lighted up his pale expressive
-face as he gratefully declared his readiness; and a car passing at the
-moment, I hailed it, and in a few seconds, young Carlo Girardi--for that
-he told me was his name--his chattering and half perished marmoset, his
-muffled music mill, and my enlivened and approving self, were rattling
-rapidly to my lodgings. I found him a fine, intelligent, unhacknied lad,
-to whose fervid heart my partial knowledge of his native tongue secured
-me ready access; and, after cold and hunger had given way to fire and
-food, I experienced no difficulty in drawing from him an ingenuous and
-vivid narration of his personal story--one so singular and romantic in
-its character, and so illustrative of the purest impulses of the human
-heart, as to merit a repetition better than many a more highly wrought
-and complex tale. Cleared of the circumlocution caused by his indifferent
-stock of English, and converted into a dialect more uniform and familiar
-to our ears, it ran substantially thus:--
-
-“I come from the neighbourhood of the little village of Montanio, at
-the foot of the great Appennines. My father was, and I pray is still,
-a small vine-grower and gardener, supplying the market of Telese, and
-other towns within reach, with fruits, flowers, and vegetables. We were
-a family of five--my father, my dear mother, my elder and only brother
-Ludovico, my beautiful and gentle sister Bianca, and myself;” and his
-tone grew touchingly tremulous, as, in connection with his cottage home,
-he went over the old, familiar, household names. “Oh, that I was ever
-called upon to leave them to wander, unfriended and unknown, among rough
-and careless strangers, to forsake all pleasant things, the gay and
-glad green fields, the sunny hills, the sparkling mountain streams, the
-flowered and fruited gardens, and the ever bright and beautiful sky which
-stretched its unclouded azure overhead, for this cold and shivering, this
-dim and misty land! But yet I would do as much again, if such a call
-again were made upon me--dark shame upon me if I hesitated!--and when I
-return to them once more--and oh, may heaven grant that now I shortly
-may!--I will look with the greater rapture upon all I left, upon beauties
-and on blessings I then too little, far too little, cared for. My father
-was ever kind to us when we were in the way of obedience to his wishes
-and ideas of duty, but rigid and severe to resent every error we might
-commit. I have heard the elder neighbours say that in his own young days
-he had been wild and perverse, and entangled thereby in many troubles,
-and that, therefore, in affection and providence for us, he was the more
-exact in our care and education. I was too young to be much in the way of
-following my own bent, and so had little opportunity of offending him;
-but my brother Ludovico, who was hot, daring, and adventurous, was often
-led to look for wild and irregular excitement with the roving hunters
-and rude shepherds from the mountains above, and his mingling in their
-lawless society always raised my father’s resentment, and, despite my
-mother’s exerted influence, often brought disquiet and disunion among
-us. But though reckless and unsettled, Ludovico was ever frank, winsome,
-and honest-hearted, which, however, could not save him from sharing in
-the evil fame of his companions; and though his handsome figure, open
-temper, and ready offices for all who sought them, made him a favourite
-with the young, yet the elder looked grave and severe upon him, as one
-already committed in the road to ruin. Our sister Bianca, who, not in our
-eyes only, was the sweetest and prettiest maiden within the circle of a
-league, drew to herself, as she grew up, the admiring looks of all; and
-at our gay village festivals, at the sowing, vintage, and noted holidays,
-he was a happy and envied youth who could oftenest engage her hand for
-the tarantula, or follow her voice upon the mandoline. But the one who
-paid his court with most success was Francesco, the only son of Marcolini
-the wealthy miller, who was by far the richest man in our community.
-But when his son’s courtship became known to him, he forthwith fell into
-a rage at the notion of so imprudent a match, for he was a purse-proud
-man, who valued his gold above most other things, above the beauty and
-innocence of our Bianca, and the pledged affection of Francesco, for whom
-he looked far above us humble people for a more equally dowered bride.
-Resolute to extinguish his folly as he called it, at once, he solemnly
-vowed to cut him off with a carlino, if he pursued his thriftless
-project; and, not assured that even this would deter him, he determined
-to engage, likewise, the authority of my father, whose strict and
-unswerving character was well known to him, and accordingly besought him
-to lay his prohibition upon Bianca. My father, who would have scorned to
-force a thus forbidden union, hurried to comply with his wishes; and in
-Bianca’s obedience there was found a surer safeguard than in Francesco’s
-fear of poverty, as, even in defiance of his father’s menace, he
-vehemently urged my sister to become his, and trust to the labour of his
-hands for their maintenance. But my father’s injunctions were habitually
-paramount; and poor Francesco, finding her hesitation not to be overcome,
-soon fell into despair and declining health. He became melancholy,
-faint-hearted, and neglectful of all his old occupations; and his strange
-and moody habits, quenched spirits, and fast failing strength, so wrought
-upon his father’s fear and affection, that he began to think it better
-to make some compromise, and forego a little of his ambition rather than
-endanger Francesco’s life. In consequence, he intimated to my father
-that on reflection he was disposed to forward the marriage, provided a
-certain sum, which he named, was settled upon Bianca, as it was scarcely
-to be expected, he urged, that he would give his son and the heir of all
-his money to a portionless bride. My father acknowledged his request to
-be but natural, but professed at once the insufficiency of his means to
-satisfy it without impoverishing the rest of his family; an act which,
-however devoted to the happiness of his daughter, conscience would not
-allow him to commit.
-
-Old Martolini, finding him intractable upon the point, proposed then,
-that as Bianca and Francesco were still very young, their marriage should
-be postponed for at least three years, at the end of which time, if he
-were prepared to give her a certain portion--making a large abatement
-from his first demand--it might with his consent take place. But,
-exasperated at his disappointment and forced concession, he added a
-passionate oath, that on no other terms would he hear of the connection,
-even though his son Francesco were such a fool as to pine till it brought
-him to his death-bed. My father, balanced between his anxiety to close
-an arrangement so beneficial to Bianca, and his sense of the hardships
-and extreme frugality it would necessarily impose upon us all during the
-interval, desired a short time to make his decision. The same evening
-he called all of us, except my sister, to him--declared the proposal of
-Francesco’s father--asked our opinion separately upon it--and when with
-one voice we all professed our readiness, our eagerness, to undergo any
-and every additional labour and privation that might take a tear from our
-gentle Bianca’s eye, or add a blush or a smile to her now pallid cheek
-and lips, he answered, “It is just spoken as I would have you speak, my
-dear wife and children: but saying is easy, doing difficult. Three years
-will give you many opportunities of proving this, for there must be
-much denial, frugality, and toil, brief nights and long and busy days,
-to enable us to accumulate within the time a sum so ill proportioned
-to our means.” Bianca was then informed of the arrangement, and smiles
-of rekindled hope and rapture mingled with tears of grateful love and
-sensibility; and her rapidly returning bloom and gaiety gilded every
-thing around with its own gladness, and rendered our ruder and scantier
-fare and more lengthened labour pleasanter at times than the merry
-meeting and the music, which we could now of course but rarely join.
-The impulse of affection for dear Bianca was strong in every heart, and
-this, with the prospect of a happy completion of our undertaking, almost
-changed every sacrifice into a delight. But, young though I be, I have
-now lived long enough to know, that as the brightest morning sky is
-often overcast before the close of day, so are our most shining hopes
-subject to many a cloud and chill before, if ever, they attain to their
-fulfilment.” (Here poor Carlo paused for a moment in his narrative;
-and with your leave, gentle reader, I too shall rest, till I have the
-pleasure of meeting you again in next week’s Journal.)
-
-                                                                 J. J. M.
-
-
-
-
-ON STIMULANTS.
-
-TOBACCO.
-
-
-Repose is the remedy which nature points out to tired mortals when
-exhausted either by mental or bodily fatigue. This is her prescription
-for refreshing man’s animal spirits, and enabling him to resume his
-labours. Stimulants are by no means congenial with her methods or her
-processes. They are like whip and spur to the weary steed; they may
-force him on indeed, but it is at the expense of his constitution and
-his powers. In medical science, the great art, as the doctors say, is
-to assist nature; and with this view, the skilful practitioner will
-sometimes order stimulants, and find them doubtless highly useful to
-his patient; but their habitual use is no maxim of the healing art, but
-much rather that of the destroying or disabling one, if I may use the
-expression. By the way, we are sadly prone to habits, and therefore it
-“stands us upon,” in a most serious degree, to consider well the nature
-and probable results of any custom before we adopt it. In this astute and
-intellectual age of ours it has been discovered that it is much easier to
-abstain altogether from a dangerous indulgence than to adhere strictly
-to moderation, and temperance has been superseded by teetotalism; and
-I would just add to this, by way of corollary, that it is much easier
-to slide into a bad habit than to get rid of it again. But to return to
-our theme. The effects produced by stimulants are all agreeable for the
-moment. Wine and opium raise men above earth and all its cares; and so
-long as the stimulant lasts, they sit as it were at the supper of the
-gods. Anacreon is then the only ballad-monger, and with him each is ready
-to sing,
-
-    Strew me a breathing bed of leaves,
-    Where lotus with the myrtle weaves;
-    And while in luxury’s dream I sink,
-    Let me the balm of Bacchus drink!
-    In this delicious hour of joy,
-    Young Love shall be my goblet-boy,
-    Folding his little golden vest,
-    With cinctures, round his snowy breast;
-    Himself shall hover by my side,
-    And minister the racy tide!
-
-But when the influence of the spell is over, immediately they sink down
-as much below the level of ordinary mortals, as they were before raised
-above it. For a delightful exhilaration of body and mind, they now
-experience a sad reverse, in which they find much more pleasing music in
-the prudent advice of the apothecary, than in all the Odes of Anacreon.
-The cry is not then,
-
-    Let us drain the nectar’d bowl,
-    Let us raise the song of soul--&c.
-
-But,
-
-    Let us drain the _saline dose_,
-    Let’s expel these humours gross.
-
-Now, though poets have favoured us with many a canto on the raptures
-inspired by flowing bowls and sparkling goblets, they have rarely
-condescended to give us one line, if it were only by way of note, on the
-“state of the stomach” on the morning after one of those “nights and
-suppers of the gods.” Such a detail indeed was never intended for the
-divine art of poesy. It is a job not at all calculated for the lover of
-agreeable fiction, and hence the world hears little on the subject. Those
-after-reckonings are nevertheless serious, though unpalatable things.
-Pleasure here acts much like a tavern host, who remembers most accurately
-all the good things he provides, though his guests are both apt and
-willing to forget them. Every item is carefully put down, and must be
-paid for. I shall only say, that fortunate is he who takes warning in
-time. I might moralise on this theme in good set phrase, but the ground
-has been so well and so frequently beaten by others, that I forbear.
-With respect to such articles as opium and spirits, the “spirit of the
-age,” as I have already intimated, runs quite in an opposite direction
-to that of indulgence; and it is wisely considered that as those who can
-be temperate in the use of such ticklish commodities must owe a great
-deal to a happy temperament of constitution, and be few in number, whilst
-the greater part of mankind are not so felicitously moulded, the rule
-of teetotalism, viz., entire abstinence, is on the whole the safest and
-best. But there is one article in our pharmacopœia of stimulants, upon
-which there seems to be some difference of opinion, and with regard to
-which I should wish to record my humble opinion. I allude to the nicotian
-leaf-tobacco.
-
-Now, I regret to say that a long and attentive study of the subject
-compels me to pronounce an unfavourable sentence on this article.
-Whatever value it may possess as a medicine--and that, in the present
-state of our knowledge, is not much--I must say that, as an instrument
-of luxury in ordinary use, it is unwholesome and injurious. To the
-physician it may be satisfactory to ascertain in what way, precisely, the
-injurious effect is produced; but it may suffice others to learn from
-experience and observation what is the actual result. It is obvious that
-tobacco causes an excitement of the nervous system, and thus disturbs
-the course of nature; but nature never is, and never can be, disturbed
-with impunity. To apply a stimulus to the system for which there is no
-natural demand, is to cause a waste of nervous energy, of which nature
-has need for her own legitimate purposes, and therefore to inflict
-an injury upon her, greater or less according to the amount of that
-uncalled for expenditure. To keep such an unnatural stimulus in constant
-action, is tantamount to the creation of a constitutional derangement
-of the functions, or the introduction of an actual disease into the
-body; and nobody will pretend to say that this is not injurious. To my
-simple apprehension, it is anti-hygeian practice with a vengeance. I am
-no physician, but I believe this to be the true theory of our subject,
-regarded in a physiological point of view, and it is decisive against the
-nicotian habit, however small the quantity of the article used may be.
-People are rather indisposed to believe that an “agreeable” sensation
-can be an “unwholesome” one; but unfortunately for poor humanity, and
-the popularity of us sages, nothing in nature is more certain than the
-possibility of such a conjuncture. It is not only certain, but, alas,
-commonly known by experience, that an agreeable thing may be unwholesome,
-and a pleasant sensation anything at all but a symptom of healthful
-action.
-
-Again, people are apt to suppose that no injury is done to their health,
-because they are not sensible of the wound at the moment; but this also
-is a notion which we must class among vulgar errors. It is a matter
-of demonstration, not merely of hypothesis, that we may sustain most
-grievous injury of which we are not instantly sensible; nay, that so
-long a time may elapse after the impression has been imparted, that we
-become unable to trace the effect to its cause; and yet the relation of
-cause and effect stands sure, however ignorant or unconscious we may be
-of it. As an illustration of this position, I shall mention a case which
-came under my own observation. I was once acquainted with a gentleman,
-who at eighty years of age was what would be called a stout, healthy old
-fellow. He was certainly of a most robust constitution, and had never
-addicted himself to any habit “calculated to shorten life,” as they say
-at the Insurance Offices, saving and excepting that of taking snuff.
-Well, it has been said to me, “See how your anti-nicotian theory is set
-at defiance by this hearty old fellow. If tobacco be a slow poison, it
-must be, as was said of tea, very slow indeed, or how should we have
-such an exemplary octogenarian as this, ‘o’er all its ills victorious?’
-He has been taking snuff all his life, and yet, you perceive, is nothing
-the worse for it.” Now, I did not perceive any such thing, but was well
-aware that the contrary was the case. I was of opinion, and am now fully
-convinced of the fact, that he suffered extremely, nay, intensely,
-from the habit, without himself or others being at all aware of it. I
-do not speak of a nose and face perpetually begrimed with snuff--of
-a waistcoat and inexpressibles embrowned and powdered all over with
-it--of the expenditure of pocket-handkerchiefs, and waste of time in
-nose-blowing--everlasting sneezing and coughing, &c.: such matters are
-mere trifles in the estimate of your professed snuff-takers; but I do
-speak of an habitual depression of spirits, and frequently an access
-of the most miserable melancholy, to which this gentleman was subject,
-and which I attribute to his inveterate habit of snuff-taking, and to
-no other cause. He would complain bitterly of his wretchedness on those
-occasions, and ascribe it to the skyey influences--the humidity of our
-climate, the fogs, and I know not what besides; but it was nothing but
-“the snuff.” Such intelligence would have doubtless been very unwelcome;
-for this very snuff--this actual _fons et origo malorum_, ay, “more
-snuff”--was his most favourite remedy and consolation under these
-distressing visitations! So much for our ignorance of causes.
-
-The late Doctor Adam Clarke was a great enemy to the tobacco leaf, and
-published a strong paper in condemnation of it. He takes high ground upon
-the subject.
-
-“That it is sinful to use it, as most do,” he says, “I have no
-doubt--if destroying the constitution, and vilely squandering away the
-time and money which God has given for other purposes, may be termed
-sinful. I have observed some whole families, and very poor ones too,
-who have used tobacco in all possible ways, and some of them for more
-than half a century. Now, suppose the whole family, consisting of four,
-five, or six, to have used but 1s. 6d. worth a-week, then, in the mere
-article of tobacco, nearly £200 sterling is totally and irrecoverably
-lost in the course of fifty years. Were all the attending expenses, such
-as appropriate implements, neglect of business, and other concomitants,
-taken into account, probably four times the sum would be too small an
-estimate.”
-
-Captain Scott, in his interesting work “Rambles in Egypt and Candia,”
-says--
-
-“All the Arab race are addicted to the use of the pipe, and to this
-pernicious habit may be traced the origin of most of their vices,
-and a great proportion of their misery.” And again, in a note, he
-observes--“Nothing tends so much as the pernicious and universal habit
-of smoking to retard all improvement amongst the natives of the East,
-producing habitual indolence, and occasioning an irreparable loss of
-time.” He calls it elsewhere the “predominant vice of Mahomedanism.”
-Now, with such warning and such examples before me, I own that I cannot
-contemplate the possibility of my countrymen becoming a nation of
-smokers, without the utmost pain. I would wish to put all parties, but
-especially the young, on their guard against the insidious and seductive
-approaches of the habit. The elegant pipe, the splendid snuff-box, and
-all the curious conveniences of tube, light, tobacco-pouch, and so on,
-are so many lures to the unwary; and many, by simply nibbling at these
-captivating baits, have been gradually led on, and at last turned into
-confirmed consumers. There is a temptation in the furniture of our
-fashionable snuff and cigar shops--“divans,” as they are called, which it
-is hard to resist. It would seem almost worth while to “consume,” for the
-sake of encompassing oneself with such beautiful toys; but I class all
-such resorts in the same category with the gin-palaces of London. Look to
-the end--observe what a confirmed habit of snuffing or smoking is--how
-wasteful, how enervating, how every way pernicious! The tyranny of it
-is dreadful. No man knows it thoroughly but he who has once been its
-slave. The craving of the nose once accustomed to be fed, for snuff--of
-the throat and fauces once seasoned to the use, for smoke--and of the
-teeth and gums once used to be drawn, for the reiterate chew--oh, it is
-dreadful!--and I say there is no remedy against the evil but teetotalism.
-
-I have said nothing on those popular stimulants, tea and coffee, for, as
-generally used, I think they are both innocent, as they are certainly
-agreeable beverages. Let not my fair countrywomen, however, when they
-indulge in the “cup that cheers but not inebriates”--I mean the Howqua,
-or any other tea-mixture--aim at celebrity for preparing it over strong;
-for in this state, like other stimulants that we have been considering, I
-have no doubt that it is bad for weak nerves.
-
-                                                                       F.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-PEOPLE WITH ONE IDEA.--There are people who have but one idea: at least
-if they have more, they keep it a secret, for they never talk but of
-one subject. There is Major C----; he has but one idea, or subject of
-discourse, Parliamentary Reform. Now, Parliamentary Reform is (as far
-as I know) a very good thing, a very good idea, and a very good subject
-to talk about; but why should it be the only one? To hear the worthy
-and gallant Major resume his favourite topic is like law-business, or a
-person who has a suit in Chancery going on. Nothing can be attended to,
-nothing can be talked of but that. Now it is getting on, now again it is
-standing still; at one time the Master has promised to pass judgment by
-a certain day, at another he has put it off again, and called for more
-papers; and both are equally reasons for speaking of it. Like the piece
-of pack-thread in the barrister’s hands, he turns and twists it all ways,
-and cannot proceed a step without it. Some schoolboys cannot read but in
-their own book; and the man of one idea cannot converse out of his own
-subject. Conversation it is not, but a sort of recital of the preamble of
-a bill, or a collection of grave arguments for a man’s being of opinion
-with himself. It would be well if there was any thing of character, any
-thing of eccentricity in all this; but that is not the case. It is a
-political homily personified, a walking common-place we have to encounter
-and listen to. It is just as if a man was to insist on your hearing him
-go through the fifth chapter of the Book of Judges every time you meet,
-or like the story of the Cosmogony in the Vicar of Wakefield. It is a
-tune played on a barrel-organ. It is a common vehicle of discourse into
-which people get and are set down when they please, without any pains or
-trouble to themselves. Neither is it professional pedantry or trading
-quackery: it has no excuse. The man has no more to do with the question
-which he saddles on all his hearers than you have. This is what makes the
-matter hopeless. If a farmer talks to you about his pigs or his poultry,
-or a physician about his patients, or a lawyer about his briefs, or a
-merchant about stock, or an author about himself, you know how to account
-for this; it is a common infirmity; you have a laugh at his expense, and
-there is no more to be said. But here is a man who goes out of his way
-to be absurd, and is troublesome by a romantic effort of generosity. You
-cannot say to him, “All this may be interesting to you, but I have no
-concern in it;” you cannot put him off in that way. He has got possession
-of a subject which is of universal and paramount interest, and on that
-plea may hold you by the button as long as he chooses. His delight is
-to harangue on what nowise regards himself; how then can you refuse to
-listen to what as little amuses you? The business admits of no delay.
-The question stands first on the order of the day--takes precedence in
-its own right of every other question. Any other topic, grave or gay, is
-looked upon in the light of impertinence, and sent to Coventry. Business
-is an interruption to it, pleasure a digression from it. As Cicero says
-of study, it follows the man into the country, it stays with him at home;
-it sits with him at breakfast, and goes out with him to dinner. It is
-like a part of his dress, of the costume of his person, without which he
-would be at a loss what to do. If he meets you in the street, he accosts
-you with it as a form of salutation; if you see him at his own house, it
-is supposed you come upon that. If you happen to remark, “it is a fine
-day,” or “the town is full,” it is considered as a temporary compromise
-of the question; you are suspected of not going the whole length of the
-principle. Is not this a species of sober madness more provoking than the
-real? Has not the theoretical enthusiast his mind as much warped, as much
-enslaved by one idea, as the acknowledged lunatic, only that the former
-has no lucid intervals? If you see a visionary of this class going along
-the street, you can tell as well what he is thinking of and will say next
-as the man that fancies himself a tea-pot or the Czar of Muscovy. The one
-is as inaccessible to reason as the other: if the one raves, the other
-dotes!--_Hazlitt’s Table-Talk._
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-COMFORTABLE CIRCUMSTANCES FAVOUR FORESIGHT.--It is a most remarkable
-fact, totally at variance with what might _a priori_ be expected, but
-confirmed by the universal experience of mankind, that the dominion
-of reason over the passions, the habit of foresight, and the power of
-forming a systematic plan for the conduct of life, are just in proportion
-_to the degree in which the danger of immediate or the pressure of actual
-suffering has been removed from mankind_. The savage who has no stock
-whatever for his support--who is in danger of immediate starvation, if
-his wonted supplies from the chase or his herds were to fail--is totally
-regardless of the future in every part of the world; while the rich man,
-whose subsistence and affluence are almost beyond the reach of chance, is
-incessantly in disquietude about the manner in which his subsequent life
-is to be spent. The certain prospect of instant death to himself and all
-that are dear to him, from the occurrence of a probable event, is unable
-to draw the attention of the one from the enjoyments of the moment;
-while the slight and improbable chance of a diminution in the smallest
-articles of _future_ comfort, renders the other indifferent to the means
-of _present_ enjoyment which are within his reach.--_Alison’s Principles
-of Population._
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-APPRECIATION.--After all, it is appreciation rather than praise that is
-delightful. An artist, for instance, how tired he must be of hearing
-his pictures called “beautiful, exquisite!”--of being told for the one
-hundredth time that he has surpassed himself; but let any one point out
-to him one of his own thoughts on the canvass, which he supposed likely
-to escape the general eye, and how grateful it is!
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-    Printed and published every Saturday by GUNN and CAMERON, at
-    the Office of the General Advertiser, No. 6, Church Lane,
-    College Green, Dublin.--Agents:--R. GROOMBRIDGE, Panyer Alley,
-    Paternoster Row, London; SIMMS and DINHAM, Exchange Street,
-    Manchester; C. DAVIES, North John Street, Liverpool; SLOCOMBE &
-    SIMMS, Leeds; FRASER and CRAWFORD, George Street, Edinburgh; and
-    DAVID ROBERTSON, Trongate, Glasgow.
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No.
-37, March 13, 1841, by Various
-
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-      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 37, March 13, 1841, by Various.
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-
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 37,
-March 13, 1841, by Various
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
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-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 37, March 13, 1841
-
-Author: Various
-
-Release Date: June 28, 2017 [EBook #55003]
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-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, MARCH 13, 1841 ***
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-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[Pg 289]</a></span></p>
-
-<h1>THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL.</h1>
-
-<table summary="Headline layout">
-  <tr>
-    <td class="smcap">Number 37.</td>
-    <td class="center">SATURDAY, MARCH 13, 1841.</td>
-    <td class="right smcap">Volume I.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class="figcenter gap4" style="width: 500px;">
-<img src="images/ross_castle.jpg" width="500" height="370" alt="Ross Castle, Killarney" />
-</div>
-
-<h2>ROSS CASTLE, KILLARNEY.</h2>
-
-<p>We have heard some of our readers express surprise that we
-should not before this have taken notice, among our topographical
-collections, of some of the features of the far-famed
-Lakes of Killarney; but the truth is, that those features,
-though of the highest beauty, are not, for the greater part,
-such as wood-cut illustrations could adequately express; and
-even those which are properly suited to the powers of the graver
-have been in most instances already so often drawn and
-described, that it is now almost hopeless to expect to find either
-any new points of view or historical incidents connected with
-them, which have not already been made familiar to the reading
-public. Still, as our little weekly pennyworth is not intended
-exclusively for the wealthy and well informed, but even to
-a greater extent for those by whom more expensive publications
-are unattainable, it is right that we should occasionally
-notice subjects of popular interest, however familiar they may
-have been already made to a portion of our readers; and in
-doing so, we trust that we shall be able to make them in
-some degree acceptable to all, by the fidelity of our drawings,
-or the occasional novelty of the facts with which we
-shall illustrate them.</p>
-
-<p>We have chosen, accordingly, as the first of our Killarney
-subjects, the old favourite Ross Castle; not indeed as the best
-or least hacknied, but as properly that which should begin the
-series, for it is the first with which the Killarney tourist becomes
-familiar, and from which he usually starts to enjoy all
-the others.</p>
-
-<p>In a historical and antiquarian point of view, however, Ross
-Castle is indeed one of the most interesting objects to be
-found in connection with the enchanting scenery of the lakes.
-It is the time-worn fortress of their ancient chiefs, and its
-presence connects the history of man in distant times with the
-objects of eternal natural beauty by which it is surrounded,
-and imparts to them that delightful feeling or charm of romance
-which, exquisite as they are, they would necessarily want if
-it were absent.</p>
-
-<p>Ross Castle, as its present remains show, was similar in its
-plan and construction to most of those erected by the Irish
-chiefs in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and consisted
-of a lofty square tower or keep, to which were attached the
-domestic offices, all which were surrounded by out-works
-enclosing an ample bawn, and flanked by small circular
-towers at their angles. In its general character, therefore,
-Ross Castle has no peculiar features worthy of notice; and its
-chief interest is derived from its situation, which is of the
-most striking beauty, commanding the richest scenery of the
-lower lake, and its wooded isles, shores, and mountains. It is
-situated on the east shore of the lower lake, upon the
-narrow neck of the Ross or peninsula from which it derives its
-name, and which, by an artificial cut through a morass,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[Pg 290]</a></span>
-across which a small bridge is thrown, has been converted
-into an island. Neither the date of the erection of this castle
-nor the name of its founder has been preserved; but its
-architectural style will not allow us to suppose it much older
-than the early part of the fifteenth century, and history shows
-that it was for a considerable period the residence of the
-illustrious family of O’Donoghoe, hereditary chiefs of the territory
-called the Eoganacht, or Onaght of Lough Lein, or the
-present lower lake of Killarney.</p>
-
-<p>The great antiquity and dignity of the family of O’Donoghoe
-still lives in the popular legends of the people, and is abundantly
-proved, by the Irish annals and genealogies. In an
-inaugural ode which was recited by the poet Cathan O’Duinnin
-at the inauguration of Teige the Generous O’Donoghoe,
-in 1320, and which is still preserved in the MS. library of
-Trinity College, the pedigree of the O’Donoghoes, with
-their filiations, is given, through twenty-seven generations,
-from Core, the son of Lughaidh King of Munster in 380, to
-that time, and there is no reason to doubt its accuracy or
-historic truth. Our space will not permit us to enter at any
-length on the history of this illustrious family, but we may
-observe, that its ancient rank is sufficiently proved by the
-fact, as stated in the Annals of Inisfallin, that their ancestor
-Donnell, the son of Duvdavoran, was the second in command
-of the Eugenian forces at the memorable battle of Clontarf,
-and that shortly after that conflict he contested the sovereignty
-of Desmond or South Munster with its king, and slew him
-in battle.</p>
-
-<p>In subsequent ages the family of O’Donoghoe split into three
-great branches; that of O’Donoghoe More, or the great, of
-which Ross Castle became the residence; O’Donoghoe of the
-Glens; and O’Donoghoe of Lough Lein. Of these three families
-the first and last are supposed to be extinct, and are at
-least reduced to poverty; but that of the Glens is still represented
-by O’Donoghoe of Killarney, who is consequently the
-reputed chief of this illustrious family. By a happy chance,
-very rare in Ireland, O’Donoghoe, who is as yet a minor, possesses
-a considerable portion of the estates of his ancestors
-of the Glens; but the properly of the O’Donoghoe More, or
-Ross, as well as that of the O’Donoghoe of Lough Lein, has been
-long in the possession of the noble house of Kenmare, of which
-their ancestor Sir Valentine Brown made a purchase from
-Donald M’Carty More, Earl of Clancarthy, as early as the year
-1588, it having been forfeited by Rory O’Donoghoe More some
-time previously. These lands, as Dr Smith acquaints us, were
-subsequently confirmed to the grandson of the first purchaser,
-Valentine, son of Nicholas Brown, by letters patent of King
-James I. which passed the seal May 12, 1612, and included
-with others the entire country of Onaugh, alias Onaught
-O’Donoghoe More, in the county of Desmond, in which were
-contained the manor and lake of the Castle of Ross, with
-divers islands in Lough Lein, with all other his estate, containing
-82 quarters of land, amounting to 6560 acres, besides
-the fishings belonging to the manor of Ross-I-Donoghoe, all
-which premises came to the family by immediate bargain and
-grant from the Earl of Clancarthy, by the indenture before
-mentioned. “But,” as Smith adds, “some question being
-made of the validity of this grant from the crown, the king,
-by privy seal, dated at Greenwich, 28th May 1618, directed
-Sir Oliver St John, lord-deputy, to accept a surrender thereof
-from him [Valentine], and to re-grant the same to him in fee
-by a new patent, for clearing all doubt, and the better settlement
-of his estate.”</p>
-
-<p>But though the lands of O’Donoghoe More have passed
-away from his race, he still retains possession of the waters:
-and, though dead himself corporeally, he still lives, and governs
-spiritually in his ancient principality. If, reader, you
-doubt the truth of our statement, ask the people of the lakes,
-and they will at once remove your scepticism. They will tell
-you that he frequently appears to them on May-day, on a
-milk-white horse, gliding over the glassy lake to the sound of
-unearthly music, and attended by troops of spirits scattering
-spring flowers. They differ, indeed, a good deal in their accounts
-of the appearance of their ancient lord. Derrick, in his
-amusing Letters on Killarney, written in 1760, tells us that
-he was assured, when O’Donoghoe revisits his friends, which
-is every May morning before sunrise, he is “attended by
-an incredible number of followers, wrestling, hurling, and
-playing football upon the surface of the lake, which affords
-them as sure footing as the solid earth.” And Derrick’s
-friend, Mr Ockenden, whose letters descriptive of Killarney
-are printed in the same volume, describes O’Donoghoe’s horse
-not as a white but a black one. As this gentleman’s account
-of O’Donoghoe’s visits is the most minute, as well as the
-earliest, that we have seen, we are tempted to give it in full.</p>
-
-<p>“There lived in the largest island (for there are several
-islands on the lake) many hundred years ago, a petty prince,
-named O’Donoghoe, who was lord of the whole lake, the surrounding
-shore, and a large district of neighbouring country.
-He manifested, during his stay upon earth, great munificence,
-great humanity, and great wisdom; for, by his profound
-knowledge in all the secret powers of nature, he wrought
-wonders as miraculous as any tradition has recorded of
-saints by the aid of angels, or of sorcerers by the assistance
-of demons; and among many other most astonishing performances
-he rendered his person immortal. After having
-continued a long time upon the surface of the globe without
-growing old, he one day, at Ross Castle (the place where he
-most usually resided), took leave of his friends, and rising
-from the floor, like some aërial existence, passed through the
-window, shot away horizontally to a considerable distance
-from the castle, and then descended. The water unfolding
-at his approach, gave him entrance down to the subaqueous
-regions, and then, to the inexpressible astonishment of all
-beholders, closed over his head, as they believed, for ever: but
-in this they were mistaken.</p>
-
-<p>He returned again some years after, revisiting, not, like
-Hamlet’s ghost, ‘the glimpses of the moon making night
-hideous,’ but the radiance of the sun making day joyful, to
-those at least who saw him: since which time he has continued
-to make very frequent expeditions to these upper
-regions, sometimes three or four in a year; but sometimes
-three or four years pass without his once appearing, which
-the bordering inhabitants have always looked on as a mark
-of very bad times.</p>
-
-<p>It was feared this would be the third year he would
-suffer to elapse without his once cheering their eyes with
-his presence: but at the latter end of last August he again
-appeared, to the inexpressible joy of all, and was seen by
-numbers in the middle of the day. I had the curiosity, before
-I left Killarney, to visit one of the witnesses to this
-very marvellous fact.</p>
-
-<p>The account she gives is, that returning with a kinswoman
-to her house at the head of the lake, they both beheld a fine
-gentleman, mounted upon a black horse, ascend through the
-water with a numerous retinue on foot, who all moved
-together along the surface towards a small island, near which
-they again descended under water. This account is confirmed,
-in time, place, and circumstances, by many more
-spectators from the side of the lake, who are all ready to
-swear, and not improbably to suffer death, in support of their
-testimony.</p>
-
-<p>His approach is sometimes preceded by music inconceivably
-harmonious; sometimes by thunder inexpressibly loud;
-but oftenest without any warning whatsoever. He always rises
-through the surface of the lake, and generally amuses himself
-upon it, but not constantly: for there is a farmer now
-alive, who declares, as I am told, that riding one evening near
-the lower end of the lake, he was overtaken by a gentleman
-who seemed under thirty years of age, very handsome in his
-person, very sumptuous in his apparel, and very affable in his
-conversation. After having travelled for some time together,
-the nobleman (for such he judged him to be by his appearance)
-observed, that as night was approaching, the town far off,
-and lodging not easy to be found, he should be welcome to
-take a bed that night at his house, which, he said, was not
-very distant.</p>
-
-<p>The invitation was readily accepted; they approached the
-lake together, and both their horses moved upon the surface
-without sinking, to the infinite amazement of the farmer, who
-thence perceived the stranger to be no less than the great
-O’Donoghoe. They rode a considerable distance from shore,
-and then, descending into a delightful country under water,
-lay that night in a house much larger in size and much more
-richly furnished than even Lord Kenmare’s at Killarney.”</p>
-
-<p>With respect, however, to the colour of O’Donoghoe’s horse,
-the prevailing belief seems now to be, that it is a white one,
-and this notion has been adopted by our national bard,
-Moore, in his beautiful song called “O’Donoghoe’s Mistress,”
-which, as he informs us, is founded on one among other stories
-connected with this legend of the lakes, and in which it is
-said that there was a young and beautiful girl, whose imagination
-was so impressed with the idea of this visionary chieftain,
-that she fancied herself in love with him, and at last,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[Pg 291]</a></span>
-in a fit of insanity, on a May morning, threw herself into the
-lake. But we had better give the song itself:&mdash;</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Of all the fair months, that round the sun</div>
-<div class="verse">In light-linked dance their circles run,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Sweet May, shine thou for me;</div>
-<div class="verse">For still, when thy earliest beams arise,</div>
-<div class="verse">That youth, who beneath the blue lake lies,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Sweet May, returns to me.</div>
-</div>
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Of all the bright haunts, where daylight leaves</div>
-<div class="verse">Its lingering smile on golden eves,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Fair lake, thou’rt dearest to me;</div>
-<div class="verse">For when the last April sun grows dim,</div>
-<div class="verse">Thy Naiads prepare his steed for him,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Who dwells, bright lake, in thee.</div>
-</div>
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Of all the proud steeds that ever bore</div>
-<div class="verse">Young plumed chiefs on sea or shore,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">White steed, most joy to thee;</div>
-<div class="verse">Who still, with the first young glance of spring,</div>
-<div class="verse">From under that glorious lake dost bring</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">My love, my chief, to me.</div>
-</div>
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">While, white as the sail some bark unfurls,</div>
-<div class="verse">When newly launch’d, thy long mane curls,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Fair steed, as white and free;</div>
-<div class="verse">And spirits, from all the lake’s deep bowers,</div>
-<div class="verse">Glide o’er the blue wave scattering flowers,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Around my love and thee.</div>
-</div>
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Of all the sweet deaths that maidens die,</div>
-<div class="verse">Whose lovers beneath the cold wave lie,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Most sweet that death will be,</div>
-<div class="verse">Which under the next May evening’s light,</div>
-<div class="verse">When thou and thy steed are lost to sight,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Dear love, I’ll die for thee.</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>But we have been attracted by this phantom chief too long
-from our immediate subject, and we must now return to it.
-From the historical notices of Ross Castle, as collected by
-the historian of Kerry, it will be seen that it was of old a
-place of some strength and importance, and that its possession
-was not to be acquired without expense and trouble. In his
-description of Ross island, published in 1756, Dr Smith states
-that “on it stands an ancient castle, formerly the seat of
-O’Donoghoe Ross, which hath a new barrack adjoining to it.
-This place hath been for some years past a military garrison,
-having a governor appointed for it upon the establishment.
-Before the castle are a few dismounted iron guns, which give
-it something the air of a fortification. The castle had been
-flanked with round turrets, which together with its situation
-rendered it a place of some strength. In the wars of 1641,
-it surrendered to Ludlow, who was attended in the expedition
-by Lord Broughil and Sir Hardress Waller, and was the
-last place that held out in Munster against the English parliament.”</p>
-
-<p>This surrender followed the decisive battle of Knockinclashy,
-in the county of Cork, in 1652, fought by the Lord
-Broughil on the English side, and the Lord Muskerry on that
-of the Irish, after which the latter retreated into Ross Castle,
-and was followed thither by Ludlow, who, with 4000 foot and
-200 horse, laid siege to the castle. The subsequent proceedings
-are thus described by Ludlow himself:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“In this expedition I was accompanied by the Lord Broughil,
-and Sir Hardress Waller, major-general of the foot. Being arrived
-at this place, I was informed that the enemy received continual
-supplies from those parts that lay on the other side, and
-were covered with woods and mountains; whereupon I sent a
-party of two thousand foot to clear those woods, and to find out
-some convenient place for erecting a fort, if there should be
-occasion. These forces met with some opposition, but at last
-they routed the enemy, killing some, and taking others prisoners:
-the rest saved themselves by their good footmanship.
-Whilst this was doing, I employed that part of the army which
-was with me in fortifying a neck of land, where I designed to
-leave a party to keep in the Irish on this side, that I might be
-at liberty, with the greater part of the horse and foot, to look
-after the enemy abroad, and to receive and convoy such boats
-and other things necessary as the commissioners sent us by
-sea. When we had received our boats, each of which was
-capable of containing one hundred and twenty men, I ordered
-one of them to be rowed about the water, in order to find out
-the most convenient place for landing upon the enemy; which
-they perceiving, thought fit, by a timely submission, to prevent
-the danger that threatened them; and having expressed their
-desires to that purpose, commissioners were appointed on
-both sides to treat.”</p>
-
-<p>After a fortnight’s debate, says Ludlow, articles were
-agreed upon and ratified on both sides; and the son of the
-Lord Muskerry and Sir Daniel O’Brien were delivered up as
-hostages for the performance of the treaty; in consequence
-of which, about 5000 Irish, horse and foot, laid down their
-arms and delivered up their horses, and thus terminated the
-hostilities in Munster.</p>
-
-<p>Smith, in his History of Kerry, tells us that “a man whose
-name was Hopkins, and who a few years ago was sexton of
-Swords, near Dublin, was present at the taking and surrender
-of this place, and assisted in drawing the above-mentioned
-vessel into the lake. The Irish,” he adds, “had a kind of
-prophecy among them, that Ross Castle could not be taken
-until a ship should swim upon the lake; and the appearance
-of this vessel contributed not a little to intimidate the garrison,
-and to hasten the capitulation. The said Hopkins lived
-to the age of one hundred and fifteen years, and died at
-Swords.”</p>
-
-<p>We have already stated that a barrack was erected in
-connection with the castle in the commencement of the last
-century, and a small garrison was kept here till a few years
-ago. These hideous barracks, as Sir R. C. Hoare called them,
-were a dreadful eye-sore to all the lovers of the picturesque who
-visited the Killarney lakes; but Ireland seems no longer to
-require such structures, and the barrack of Ross Castle has
-been some time dismantled, and its ivied walls now contribute
-to the picturesqueness of the parent fortress.</p>
-
-<p class="right">P.</p>
-
-<h2 class="gap4">EDUCATION OF YOUTH.</h2>
-
-<p>Action of both mind and body ought to be so continued as
-to serve as relaxation to each other. The mind of a man, still
-more of a child, is incapable of long perseverance in mental
-exertion. This is a generally acknowledged truth, to which
-I shall add one more to the same purpose, which is less known.
-Young men, and those who are not advanced in years, if
-healthy and of warm constitutions, are never very greatly
-inclined to mental exertion till their bodies are to a certain
-degree fatigued, I do not say wholly exhausted. Till this
-fatigue is produced, their body has a preponderance over
-the mind, and in this case it is a truly natural want, which
-cannot easily be silenced. Each muscle requires exertion,
-and the whole machine strives to employ its powers; this is
-vulgarly called to have no sit-still flesh. If the fatigue be
-once brought on, the call for bodily exertion is stilled; the
-mind is no longer disturbed by it, and all its labours are
-facilitated. Our common mode of education pays no regard
-to this: youths appear in school to be strengthened by sleep
-and food, and too frequently, alas! thrown into an unnatural
-heat and commotion. How is it possible to fix the attention
-under such circumstances? The body requires action; if
-this be not allowed, it will obtain it in silence; it will act upon
-the passions, and, above all, the fiery temperament of youth
-will influence the imagination. Thus attention slumbers.
-We are barbarous when we attempt to awaken it with the
-rod; we require from innocent children what is unnatural;
-we inflict pain on the body to prevent its action; yet
-activity was bestowed on it by its creator; yet nature renovates
-this activity every night; the mind is soon carried
-away by the whirlwind of corporal energies, and lost in the
-realm of chimeras. To facilitate the contemplation of them,
-I shall just repeat the desirable parallel between the qualities
-of the body and mind:&mdash;Health of body&mdash;serenity of mind&mdash;hardiness&mdash;manliness
-of sentiment&mdash;strength and address&mdash;presence
-of mind and courage&mdash;activity of body&mdash;activity of
-mind&mdash;excellence of form&mdash;mental beauty&mdash;acuteness of the
-senses&mdash;strength of understanding.</p>
-
-<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Medicus.</span></p>
-
-<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Ancient Music.</span>&mdash;The Egyptian flute was only a cow’s
-horn with three or four holes in it, and their harp or lyre had
-only three strings; the Grecian lyre had only seven strings,
-and was very small, being held in one hand; the Jewish trumpets,
-that made the walls of Jericho fall down, were only
-rams’ horns. Their flute was the same as the Egyptian; they
-had no other instrumental music but by percussion, of which
-the greatest boast was the psaltery, a small triangular harp
-or lyre with wire strings, and struck with an iron needle or
-stick; their sacbut was something like a bagpipe; the timbrel
-was a tambourine, and the dulcimer was a horizontal harp,
-with wire strings, and struck with a stick like the psaltery.
-They had no written music; had scarcely a vowel in their
-language, and yet, according to Josephus, had two hundred
-thousand musicians playing at the dedication of the Temple of
-Solomon. Mozart would have died in such a concert in the
-greatest agonies.&mdash;<cite>Dr Burney’s History of Music.</cite></p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[Pg 292]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2 class="gap4">POETICAL LECTURE ON ANATOMY.</h2>
-
-<p>The following is the purport of a lecture on anatomy.
-The lecturer is represented as taking up the human skull,
-containing the brain and its appendages, with the nervous
-cords exposed to observation, and with “<em>apostrophic eye</em>” proceeding:&mdash;</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">This is the tenement of thought,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">The mansion of the mind,</div>
-<div class="verse">Whose empire, as the universe,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Is boundless undefined!</div>
-<div class="verse">’Tis vaulted, like the evening sky</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">In star-wrought grace unfurl’d,</div>
-<div class="verse">And like that very firmament,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Hangs o’er a breathing world&mdash;</div>
-<div class="verse">A world of thought, a world of sense,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">A world of passion, pride,</div>
-<div class="verse">Reason, perception, hope, love, light,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">In glory side by side!</div>
-<div class="verse">Here gather, too, in crowded thrall</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Of agile grace and hue,</div>
-<div class="verse">Imagination’s thousand forms</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Fast thronging on the view.</div>
-<div class="verse">Here reason reigns, here genius dwells,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">And here ambition lives!</div>
-<div class="verse">And brightest ’mid that mighty throng,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">The soul immortal thrives.</div>
-<div class="verse">Here, too, imperial will resides</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">In regal state enshrined,</div>
-<div class="verse">In stern dominion over all,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">With majesty combined!</div>
-<div class="verse">Mark this! it is his messenger,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">That, like electric fire,</div>
-<div class="verse">Swift-wing’d, the mandate beareth forth</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Of reason or desire.</div>
-<div class="verse">This filament, this very thread,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Hath power to shake the frame;</div>
-<div class="verse"><em class="smcap">That</em>, whispering to the heart’s warm core,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">To light love’s genial flame.</div>
-<div class="verse">And <em class="smcapuc">THIS</em>, or <em class="smcapuc">THIS</em>, to sense inclined,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Hath magic in its spell,</div>
-<div class="verse">To waken pleasure, pain, or hope,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">And rapture’s story tell.</div>
-<div class="verse">And this small cord sent to the eye,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Can comprehend the whole&mdash;</div>
-<div class="verse">The limitless, the vast profound,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Where worlds unnumbered roll!</div>
-<div class="verse"><em class="smcap">That</em>, to the tongue can captivate,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1"><em class="smcap">This</em>, epicures enslave,</div>
-<div class="verse"><em class="smcap">That</em>, to the same makes slander rife,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">And <em class="smcapuc">THIS</em> perchance a knave.</div>
-<div class="verse"><em class="smcap">That</em>, to the ear, oft makes the soul</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Quake ’neath the thunder’s peal,</div>
-<div class="verse">Or to the heart, with genius warm’d,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">A dream’s low tones reveal.</div>
-<div class="verse">Concenter’d in one mass, this brain,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">These make man what he is,</div>
-<div class="verse">The offspring of yon world of light,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">The life and soul of this.</div>
-</div>
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse right">&mdash;<cite>From an American work.</cite></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">The River St John, in New Brunswick.</span>&mdash;In this river
-there are several falls, not downwards, as in the ordinary
-course of rivers, but upwards against the current. The
-River St John is of the size of the Rhine. It drains a large
-portion of the province of New Brunswick. The mass of
-water it discharges into the Bay of Fundy is prodigious, especially
-during the spring floods, when the tides rise to the
-height of 35, 50, and sometimes even 60 feet, above the ordinary
-level. The remarkable fall of the water backwards is
-produced by the enormous volume of water, occupying a channel
-in some places ten miles in breadth, being confined near
-St John’s into a breadth of 300 yards, which occasions it to
-roll back impetuously in the form of a magnificent cascade.</p>
-
-<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Children of the Poor.</span>&mdash;Charles Lamb has truly and
-touchingly remarked, that common people’s children “are
-dragged up, not brought up.” There is a precocity&mdash;not,
-indeed, of intellect, but of prudence and worldly wisdom&mdash;in
-them, that is truly painful. Care has usurped the empire of
-carelessness, that legitimate monarch of a child’s being; and
-like all usurpers, has in the vehemence of his achievements
-anticipated the slow march of Time. Life itself, which among
-the children of the rich is an exuberant overflowing, that,
-lavish it as they may, still seems inexhaustible, among those
-of the poor is a lean phantom, grasped at with pain and maintained
-with a struggle; in short, they know nothing of youth
-but its feebleness and its wailing; its bloom and its buoyancy
-being, like every other luxury, beyond their reach. To me
-the most painful sight in this world is a poor, that is, a destitute
-child. Whatever misery a grown-up person may be
-plunged into, a thousand suppositions are left for its palliation:
-they may once have been well off, or they may have been the
-artificers of their own ruin, and they may live to see better
-days: but children&mdash;they can have done nothing to deserve
-that the one blessing unmortgaged at the Fall, the carelessness
-of youth, should be taken from them.&mdash;<cite>Lady Bulwer.</cite></p>
-
-<h2 class="gap4">THE DECAYED OLD GENTLEMAN,<br />
-<span class="smaller">A SKETCH.</span></h2>
-
-<p>There is something very touching about this character&mdash;something
-in his mild tone of speech, in his polite and gentle
-demeanour, that at once engages our sympathies. We
-have the poor old gentleman distinctly before our mind’s eye
-at this moment. Let us endeavour to sketch him.</p>
-
-<p>He is of middle height, well proportioned, and of rather
-slender make. His clothes, though a good deal the worse
-for wear, are carefully brushed, and put on with scrupulous
-neatness. His linens are clean and bright, and his neck-cloth,
-equally faultless, is adjusted with nice precision; for,
-old as he is, he has not lost, nor ever will lose, that sense of
-propriety which dictates a decent attention to external appearance.</p>
-
-<p>Some sixty and odd summers have passed over the head of
-him who is the subject of our sketch, and they have left their
-usual traces behind. His hair is thin and scanty, and of the
-silvery hue of eild. His countenance is expressive at once of
-a gentle and benevolent nature, of a cultivated mind and refined
-taste. He has seen much, read much, and thought
-more. A certain air of mild, subdued dignity&mdash;for the old
-man, poor though he be, never for a moment forgets that
-he <em>is</em> a gentleman&mdash;adds a grace to all he says and does.
-When in society, or when accosted by a friend, a pleasant
-smile, speaking a sincere affability, plays on his cheerful
-countenance. But when alone, when there is no one present
-to demand the exercise of his politeness, the expression of that
-countenance subsides into a gentle melancholy. His look is
-then grave and thoughtful; somewhat sad, but not morose.
-There has been disappointment in his life, high hopes laid
-low, and noble aspirations foiled in their aim.</p>
-
-<p>Delightful it is to see the old gentleman enter a room in
-which some friends are assembled&mdash;his bow is so graceful&mdash;his
-smile so cheerful&mdash;his words of greeting so pleasant to
-the ear. All rise, smiling, to receive him&mdash;all hail his presence,
-with a quiet but heartfelt joy. Welcome, thrice welcome
-is he to all. His gentle manners, his exhaustless store of
-anecdote, all so well selected, all so neatly told. His intelligence
-and extensive information render him one of the most
-delightful of companions. A welcome visitor is he at all
-times&mdash;a welcome addition to the family circle into which it
-is his delight to drop, just in time to share in the sober,
-social cup of tea, his favourite beverage.</p>
-
-<p>The old gentleman is unmarried&mdash;he is a bachelor. There
-is some vague unconnected story of an early attachment and
-of disappointed love, but nobody knows any of the particulars&mdash;no
-one knows who the lady was, nor what were the
-circumstances of the case; and our old friend never alludes
-to them in the most distant manner. The history of this passage
-in his life is a secret pent up within his own breast;
-one that will go with him to the grave, and with him be
-buried within its silent precincts. But it is one over which
-he often broods in the solitude of his solitary chamber, and
-during those sleepless nights, and they are many, when reminiscences
-of the past forbid the approach of forgetfulness.</p>
-
-<p>Being a bachelor, and his circumstances narrow&mdash;a small
-annuity being now his only dependence&mdash;our old friend has no
-house of his own. He lives in hired lodgings&mdash;humble, but
-cleanly, comfortable and respectable. His landlady is a
-“decent widow,” and he has been her lodger for fifteen years.
-Little as he has, he has always paid her punctually, and to the
-last farthing; and much does she esteem and respect her kind
-and gentlemanly inmate. Regular and temperate in all his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[Pg 293]</a></span>
-habits, and moderate in his desires, he gives her little
-trouble, and even that little he is at all times anxious to
-abridge. His cup of tea or coffee morning and evening is
-nearly all in the way of cookery that he requires at her hands.
-Quietly he comes in and quietly he goes out, and he never
-does either without saying something kind or civil as he passes.
-In all things easily pleased, he expresses thanks for every
-little attention shown him, and never raises his voice in anger,
-never even in querulousness or impatience. To every one
-around him, without distinction of rank or worldly circumstances,
-he is all politeness, all gentleness, and all kindness.</p>
-
-<p>Who can but love and respect the decayed old gentleman!</p>
-
-<p class="right">C.</p>
-
-<h2 class="gap4">THE ITALIAN ORGAN BOY.</h2>
-
-<h3>PART FIRST.</h3>
-
-<p>The streets of a great city, whether swept by the tumultuous
-tide of life by day, or echoing only to the dull and solitary
-tread of the patrol by night, are never devoid of material for
-interesting remark or rumination to such as are so disposed.
-He must, indeed, be a man of sluggish sensibilities and slender
-fancy who could traverse any of our great thoroughfares
-without finding them occasionally touched by some of the
-thousand little tales of anxiety or satisfaction, mourning or
-merriment, legible in brief upon the faces of the motley and
-many-featured throng around him, or at least, by the supplemental
-aid of a little imagination, plausibly constructed from
-the elements thereby supplied. There is perhaps no period
-so well fitted for these studies of life, as it is in its private and
-more important aspect, as the close of one of our short and
-busy winter days, when the pressure of diurnal toil is removed
-from men’s minds, whether its effect has been to sway them
-from the contemplation of joy or wretchedness, and unbiassed
-they are left to imprint their character on the countenance of
-each. When does cheerfulness appear so undiluted as when
-a long winter evening’s recreation spreads out before it,
-whether spent within the mellowed glow of a happy domestic
-hearth, with all its easy, pure, and unsuspicious pleasures, or
-in the social reunion with its friendly, careless, and unclouded
-gaiety? and when does wretchedness feel so blank and dismal
-as when a weary length of dim and rayless hours gives space
-for all its melancholy broodings, undiverted by occupation,
-unmitigated by that spirit of hope which more or less mingles
-with the temperament of all by day, as if a constituent of the
-glad light of heaven in which we then live and move? A
-cursory reading of the countenance of each passer by will at
-this hour give the poorest physiognomist no inaccurate notion
-of the complexion of his domestic lot; and, selecting an individual
-from the homeward-wending crowd, I often form my
-speculation as to the scene that awaits him, follow him in the
-freedom of all-privileged and all-pervading thought across
-the threshold of his abode, conjure up the circumstances of
-his reception, glance through the perspective of his evening
-arrangements, and, as I find them agreeable or the reverse,
-extend or curtail my domiciliary inspection.</p>
-
-<p>During a recent winter, on one of its most cheerless evenings,
-I was thus exercising my discernment and my fancy in
-a long homeward walk through the centre of the city, and
-mentally apportioning to each that attracted my eye the
-share of satisfaction or discomfort that lay before him&mdash;my
-own mind subject to the lights and shadows, the glow and
-chill, which in various degrees were suggested as the lot of
-each. It was precisely the evening to lend the keenest zest
-to the happiness of the light-hearted, and a more poignant
-bitterness to the misery of the unfortunate. A cold icy
-wind whistled shrilly through every narrow street and entry
-as I passed it, and swept more boldly down the wider spaces,
-bearing, occasionally, slanting showers of sleet, which a glance
-at the dun and overcharged canopy of snow-clouds and of
-smoke above showed to be but premonitory intimations of a
-heavy and continuous fall. For the most part, all below was
-impatient motion and occupied expectation, because almost all
-had a goal in view to which they hastened, the fierce inclemency
-of the weather impelling alike the mirthful and the
-melancholy onward. The well-fed, well-defended passenger,
-with muffled neck and arms thrust to the elbow in the pockets
-of his dreadnought, rubbed shoulders with the half-paralyzed
-and shivering wretch that shuffled amid the hurrying throng,
-often apparently without other object than that of joining in
-the stream of fellow-creatures, whom he could resemble in
-no other way. Carriage after carriage rolled past, the children
-of affluence for their tenants, interchanging careless comments,
-or looking with languid and heedless gaze upon the
-squalid, the impoverished, the abandoned, the degraded, that,
-alas! met the eye so often as to account for, and almost
-justify, the indifference displayed.</p>
-
-<p>“What a collocation, not merely of the extremes of human
-condition, but of almost every interposed gradation!” thought
-I, as, sated with the multiform instances presented in the concourse,
-and half bewildered with the medley of sights and
-sounds&mdash;the glittering ostentation of the glaring shops, the
-hum and tramp of the jostling crowd, the din and rattle of
-ceaseless vehicles, from the lumbering dray to the elastic carriage,
-the oft-mingled appeal of importunate mendicants, and,
-not least confounding, the sleet-laden and staggering blasts
-that met me with wild caprice at almost every corner&mdash;I
-gladly turned aside into a more sheltered and less frequented
-street, to pursue a route of greater ease, though at the expense
-of a greater circuit. But misery in the aggregate can
-generally be encountered with less disturbance than when
-submitted to in the case of solitary sufferers; and before I had
-proceeded half the length of a private and comparatively
-deserted street, I had more effective calls upon my charity&mdash;there
-was at that time no legal provision for the necessitous&mdash;than
-when passing among the abounding instances of destitution
-I had just witnessed. My stock of small change, and I
-must add, co-equally therewith, that of my patience too, was
-nearly exhausted, when my eye fell upon the figure of a young
-lad, who stood indifferently sheltered from the wind under the
-projected doorway of an uninhabited house. I had made up
-my mind to the customary solicitation: but he seemed so abstracted
-as not to notice my approach, and, pitying the forlorn
-looking youth, and wondering at his forbearance, I walked
-slowly past, to give him an opportunity. I found him to be
-an organ-player, for the instrument, unslung from his shoulders,
-rested upon the flag at his feet, and a brief notice of his
-collapsed but characteristic features showed him to be an
-Italian. A shivering marmoset, partly covered by his jacket,
-was lodged on the hollow of one arm, while the other, resting
-on his raised knee, supported his head, as, unconscious of my
-proximity and observation, he gazed fixedly upon the ground.
-The sight of mute personal privation and friendless loneliness
-would at such a crisis have been influential enough to stir up
-whatever humanity one had, but when witnessed in a stranger
-from a far land, in one, too, nurtured under the sapphire
-skies and blissful clime of Italy, and withering now by a dismal
-change beneath such dense and murky clouds, and such
-a pitiless and scourging breeze, the demand on one’s kindly
-offices was irresistible, and, drawing near to the desolate lad,
-I accompanied a small gift with a few words in his own most
-musical and thrilling tongue. He started from his musing
-posture as the electric syllables struck upon his ear, and, as
-he gazed with keen enthusiasm upon me, the blood mantled
-vividly upon his chilled and weather-wrinkled cheek, while
-with grateful but melancholy earnestness he poured out his
-thanks. There was something to me unusually touching in
-the aspect of the friendless young foreigner, as well as in the
-circumstances in which I found him. He had a cast of thought
-and maturity in his face which hardship, isolation, and self-dependence,
-seemed to have anticipated years in producing;
-for his slender and stripling figure, and the unshaven down
-upon his lip, bespoke him still in an early stage of youth.
-After a word or two of compassion, I passed on. But his
-dashed and disappointed look at separation followed me: my
-conscience chid me for resting in a cold gratuity to one so
-dejected, yet so sensitive to relief&mdash;a spring of gladness for
-whom my acquaintance with his native language, it appeared,
-could so easily unseal.</p>
-
-<p>He was a stranger, weary, friendless, cheerless, and necessitous&mdash;unsusceptible
-of those mitigations of suffering which
-even the poorest experience among their own people and their
-own kindred. I was hastening to my unshared, ’tis true, but
-far, therefore, from joyless lodgings, an abundant board, a
-radiant fire, a storm and snow proof apartment, furnished
-with all the appliances of comfort which winter covets; and
-would they be diminished by the admission of this homeless,
-and, from his countenance, I dare certify, guileless wanderer,
-to share for a time their influence? No. I have it in my
-power to interpose one bright spot in his life of hardship and
-privation, to suspend for a while the yearnings with which
-doubtless, at this hour of dreariness and suffering, he turns
-in thought to the scenes of his but recent childhood in his
-own lovely land, to the sunny azure skies the joyous vine-clad<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[Pg 294]</a></span>
-hills, the playmates that even now, perhaps, at the close
-of a bright and genial day, are clustering in merry meeting for
-the evening song and dance, his father’s cottage, his mother’s
-caress. “Yes, I will turn back,” exclaimed I, “and enable
-him, if ever he rejoin the social circle in his own ardent home,
-to tell his eager listeners a trait of kindness and sympathy
-shared in the far off frigid country of the north.” As I concluded,
-I again stood before him, as with a shiver and a sigh
-the poor lad was about raising his organ upon his shoulder
-again; and, telling him that I had been in and loved the land
-from which he came, that I was fond of its people, and of their
-music too, and wished to talk with and hear him play at leisure
-and in comfort by my own fireside, asked him to accompany
-me to it. A smile of gladness lighted up his pale
-expressive face as he gratefully declared his readiness; and
-a car passing at the moment, I hailed it, and in a few seconds,
-young Carlo Girardi&mdash;for that he told me was his name&mdash;his
-chattering and half perished marmoset, his muffled
-music mill, and my enlivened and approving self, were rattling
-rapidly to my lodgings. I found him a fine, intelligent, unhacknied
-lad, to whose fervid heart my partial knowledge of
-his native tongue secured me ready access; and, after cold
-and hunger had given way to fire and food, I experienced no
-difficulty in drawing from him an ingenuous and vivid narration
-of his personal story&mdash;one so singular and romantic in
-its character, and so illustrative of the purest impulses of the
-human heart, as to merit a repetition better than many a
-more highly wrought and complex tale. Cleared of the circumlocution
-caused by his indifferent stock of English, and
-converted into a dialect more uniform and familiar to our
-ears, it ran substantially thus:&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“I come from the neighbourhood of the little village of
-Montanio, at the foot of the great Appennines. My father was,
-and I pray is still, a small vine-grower and gardener, supplying
-the market of Telese, and other towns within reach, with
-fruits, flowers, and vegetables. We were a family of five&mdash;my
-father, my dear mother, my elder and only brother
-Ludovico, my beautiful and gentle sister Bianca, and myself;”
-and his tone grew touchingly tremulous, as, in connection with
-his cottage home, he went over the old, familiar, household
-names. “Oh, that I was ever called upon to leave them to
-wander, unfriended and unknown, among rough and careless
-strangers, to forsake all pleasant things, the gay and glad
-green fields, the sunny hills, the sparkling mountain streams,
-the flowered and fruited gardens, and the ever bright and
-beautiful sky which stretched its unclouded azure overhead,
-for this cold and shivering, this dim and misty land! But yet I
-would do as much again, if such a call again were made upon
-me&mdash;dark shame upon me if I hesitated!&mdash;and when I return
-to them once more&mdash;and oh, may heaven grant that now I
-shortly may!&mdash;I will look with the greater rapture upon all I
-left, upon beauties and on blessings I then too little, far too
-little, cared for. My father was ever kind to us when we
-were in the way of obedience to his wishes and ideas of duty,
-but rigid and severe to resent every error we might commit.
-I have heard the elder neighbours say that in his own young
-days he had been wild and perverse, and entangled thereby in
-many troubles, and that, therefore, in affection and providence
-for us, he was the more exact in our care and education. I was
-too young to be much in the way of following my own bent, and
-so had little opportunity of offending him; but my brother
-Ludovico, who was hot, daring, and adventurous, was often
-led to look for wild and irregular excitement with the roving
-hunters and rude shepherds from the mountains above, and
-his mingling in their lawless society always raised my father’s
-resentment, and, despite my mother’s exerted influence, often
-brought disquiet and disunion among us. But though reckless
-and unsettled, Ludovico was ever frank, winsome, and
-honest-hearted, which, however, could not save him from
-sharing in the evil fame of his companions; and though his
-handsome figure, open temper, and ready offices for all who
-sought them, made him a favourite with the young, yet the
-elder looked grave and severe upon him, as one already committed
-in the road to ruin. Our sister Bianca, who, not in
-our eyes only, was the sweetest and prettiest maiden within
-the circle of a league, drew to herself, as she grew up, the
-admiring looks of all; and at our gay village festivals, at the
-sowing, vintage, and noted holidays, he was a happy and
-envied youth who could oftenest engage her hand for the tarantula,
-or follow her voice upon the mandoline. But the one
-who paid his court with most success was Francesco, the only
-son of Marcolini the wealthy miller, who was by far the
-richest man in our community. But when his son’s courtship
-became known to him, he forthwith fell into a rage at the
-notion of so imprudent a match, for he was a purse-proud
-man, who valued his gold above most other things, above the
-beauty and innocence of our Bianca, and the pledged affection
-of Francesco, for whom he looked far above us humble
-people for a more equally dowered bride. Resolute to extinguish
-his folly as he called it, at once, he solemnly vowed
-to cut him off with a carlino, if he pursued his thriftless project;
-and, not assured that even this would deter him, he determined
-to engage, likewise, the authority of my father,
-whose strict and unswerving character was well known to
-him, and accordingly besought him to lay his prohibition upon
-Bianca. My father, who would have scorned to force a thus
-forbidden union, hurried to comply with his wishes; and in
-Bianca’s obedience there was found a surer safeguard than
-in Francesco’s fear of poverty, as, even in defiance of his
-father’s menace, he vehemently urged my sister to become
-his, and trust to the labour of his hands for their maintenance.
-But my father’s injunctions were habitually paramount;
-and poor Francesco, finding her hesitation not to be
-overcome, soon fell into despair and declining health. He became
-melancholy, faint-hearted, and neglectful of all his old
-occupations; and his strange and moody habits, quenched
-spirits, and fast failing strength, so wrought upon his father’s
-fear and affection, that he began to think it better to make
-some compromise, and forego a little of his ambition rather than
-endanger Francesco’s life. In consequence, he intimated to
-my father that on reflection he was disposed to forward the
-marriage, provided a certain sum, which he named, was
-settled upon Bianca, as it was scarcely to be expected, he
-urged, that he would give his son and the heir of all his money
-to a portionless bride. My father acknowledged his request
-to be but natural, but professed at once the insufficiency of his
-means to satisfy it without impoverishing the rest of his
-family; an act which, however devoted to the happiness of
-his daughter, conscience would not allow him to commit.</p>
-
-<p>Old Martolini, finding him intractable upon the point,
-proposed then, that as Bianca and Francesco were still very
-young, their marriage should be postponed for at least three
-years, at the end of which time, if he were prepared to give
-her a certain portion&mdash;making a large abatement from his first
-demand&mdash;it might with his consent take place. But, exasperated
-at his disappointment and forced concession, he added
-a passionate oath, that on no other terms would he hear of
-the connection, even though his son Francesco were such a
-fool as to pine till it brought him to his death-bed. My
-father, balanced between his anxiety to close an arrangement
-so beneficial to Bianca, and his sense of the hardships
-and extreme frugality it would necessarily impose upon us all
-during the interval, desired a short time to make his decision.
-The same evening he called all of us, except my
-sister, to him&mdash;declared the proposal of Francesco’s father&mdash;asked
-our opinion separately upon it&mdash;and when with one
-voice we all professed our readiness, our eagerness, to undergo
-any and every additional labour and privation that might
-take a tear from our gentle Bianca’s eye, or add a blush or a
-smile to her now pallid cheek and lips, he answered, “It is
-just spoken as I would have you speak, my dear wife and
-children: but saying is easy, doing difficult. Three years
-will give you many opportunities of proving this, for there
-must be much denial, frugality, and toil, brief nights and
-long and busy days, to enable us to accumulate within
-the time a sum so ill proportioned to our means.” Bianca
-was then informed of the arrangement, and smiles of rekindled
-hope and rapture mingled with tears of grateful love
-and sensibility; and her rapidly returning bloom and gaiety
-gilded every thing around with its own gladness, and rendered
-our ruder and scantier fare and more lengthened labour pleasanter
-at times than the merry meeting and the music, which
-we could now of course but rarely join. The impulse of affection
-for dear Bianca was strong in every heart, and this,
-with the prospect of a happy completion of our undertaking,
-almost changed every sacrifice into a delight. But, young
-though I be, I have now lived long enough to know, that as
-the brightest morning sky is often overcast before the close
-of day, so are our most shining hopes subject to many a
-cloud and chill before, if ever, they attain to their fulfilment.”
-(Here poor Carlo paused for a moment in his narrative;
-and with your leave, gentle reader, I too shall rest,
-till I have the pleasure of meeting you again in next week’s
-Journal.)</p>
-
-<p class="right">J. J. M.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[Pg 295]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2 class="gap4">ON STIMULANTS.</h2>
-
-<h3>TOBACCO.</h3>
-
-<p>Repose is the remedy which nature points out to tired mortals
-when exhausted either by mental or bodily fatigue. This
-is her prescription for refreshing man’s animal spirits, and
-enabling him to resume his labours. Stimulants are by no
-means congenial with her methods or her processes. They
-are like whip and spur to the weary steed; they may force
-him on indeed, but it is at the expense of his constitution and
-his powers. In medical science, the great art, as the doctors
-say, is to assist nature; and with this view, the skilful practitioner
-will sometimes order stimulants, and find them doubtless
-highly useful to his patient; but their habitual use is no
-maxim of the healing art, but much rather that of the destroying
-or disabling one, if I may use the expression. By
-the way, we are sadly prone to habits, and therefore it
-“stands us upon,” in a most serious degree, to consider well
-the nature and probable results of any custom before we
-adopt it. In this astute and intellectual age of ours it has
-been discovered that it is much easier to abstain altogether
-from a dangerous indulgence than to adhere strictly to moderation,
-and temperance has been superseded by teetotalism;
-and I would just add to this, by way of corollary, that
-it is much easier to slide into a bad habit than to get rid
-of it again. But to return to our theme. The effects produced
-by stimulants are all agreeable for the moment. Wine
-and opium raise men above earth and all its cares; and so
-long as the stimulant lasts, they sit as it were at the supper
-of the gods. Anacreon is then the only ballad-monger, and
-with him each is ready to sing,</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Strew me a breathing bed of leaves,</div>
-<div class="verse">Where lotus with the myrtle weaves;</div>
-<div class="verse">And while in luxury’s dream I sink,</div>
-<div class="verse">Let me the balm of Bacchus drink!</div>
-<div class="verse">In this delicious hour of joy,</div>
-<div class="verse">Young Love shall be my goblet-boy,</div>
-<div class="verse">Folding his little golden vest,</div>
-<div class="verse">With cinctures, round his snowy breast;</div>
-<div class="verse">Himself shall hover by my side,</div>
-<div class="verse">And minister the racy tide!</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>But when the influence of the spell is over, immediately they
-sink down as much below the level of ordinary mortals, as
-they were before raised above it. For a delightful exhilaration
-of body and mind, they now experience a sad reverse, in which
-they find much more pleasing music in the prudent advice of
-the apothecary, than in all the Odes of Anacreon. The cry
-is not then,</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Let us drain the nectar’d bowl,</div>
-<div class="verse">Let us raise the song of soul&mdash;&amp;c.</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>But,</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Let us drain the <em>saline dose</em>,</div>
-<div class="verse">Let’s expel these humours gross.</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>Now, though poets have favoured us with many a canto on
-the raptures inspired by flowing bowls and sparkling goblets,
-they have rarely condescended to give us one line, if it were
-only by way of note, on the “state of the stomach” on the
-morning after one of those “nights and suppers of the gods.”
-Such a detail indeed was never intended for the divine art of
-poesy. It is a job not at all calculated for the lover of agreeable
-fiction, and hence the world hears little on the subject. Those
-after-reckonings are nevertheless serious, though unpalatable
-things. Pleasure here acts much like a tavern host, who remembers
-most accurately all the good things he provides,
-though his guests are both apt and willing to forget them.
-Every item is carefully put down, and must be paid for. I
-shall only say, that fortunate is he who takes warning in
-time. I might moralise on this theme in good set phrase,
-but the ground has been so well and so frequently beaten by
-others, that I forbear. With respect to such articles as
-opium and spirits, the “spirit of the age,” as I have already
-intimated, runs quite in an opposite direction to that
-of indulgence; and it is wisely considered that as those who
-can be temperate in the use of such ticklish commodities
-must owe a great deal to a happy temperament of constitution,
-and be few in number, whilst the greater part of mankind
-are not so felicitously moulded, the rule of teetotalism, viz.,
-entire abstinence, is on the whole the safest and best. But
-there is one article in our pharmacopœia of stimulants, upon
-which there seems to be some difference of opinion, and with
-regard to which I should wish to record my humble opinion.
-I allude to the nicotian leaf-tobacco.</p>
-
-<p>Now, I regret to say that a long and attentive study of the
-subject compels me to pronounce an unfavourable sentence
-on this article. Whatever value it may possess as a
-medicine&mdash;and that, in the present state of our knowledge, is not
-much&mdash;I must say that, as an instrument of luxury in ordinary
-use, it is unwholesome and injurious. To the physician
-it may be satisfactory to ascertain in what way, precisely,
-the injurious effect is produced; but it may suffice
-others to learn from experience and observation what is the
-actual result. It is obvious that tobacco causes an excitement
-of the nervous system, and thus disturbs the course of
-nature; but nature never is, and never can be, disturbed with
-impunity. To apply a stimulus to the system for which
-there is no natural demand, is to cause a waste of nervous
-energy, of which nature has need for her own legitimate purposes,
-and therefore to inflict an injury upon her, greater or
-less according to the amount of that uncalled for expenditure.
-To keep such an unnatural stimulus in constant action, is tantamount
-to the creation of a constitutional derangement of
-the functions, or the introduction of an actual disease into
-the body; and nobody will pretend to say that this is not injurious.
-To my simple apprehension, it is anti-hygeian practice
-with a vengeance. I am no physician, but I believe
-this to be the true theory of our subject, regarded in a physiological
-point of view, and it is decisive against the nicotian
-habit, however small the quantity of the article used may be.
-People are rather indisposed to believe that an “agreeable”
-sensation can be an “unwholesome” one; but unfortunately
-for poor humanity, and the popularity of us sages, nothing in
-nature is more certain than the possibility of such a conjuncture.
-It is not only certain, but, alas, commonly known by
-experience, that an agreeable thing may be unwholesome, and
-a pleasant sensation anything at all but a symptom of healthful
-action.</p>
-
-<p>Again, people are apt to suppose that no injury is done to
-their health, because they are not sensible of the wound at the
-moment; but this also is a notion which we must class among
-vulgar errors. It is a matter of demonstration, not merely
-of hypothesis, that we may sustain most grievous injury of
-which we are not instantly sensible; nay, that so long a time
-may elapse after the impression has been imparted, that we
-become unable to trace the effect to its cause; and yet the relation
-of cause and effect stands sure, however ignorant or
-unconscious we may be of it. As an illustration of this position,
-I shall mention a case which came under my own observation.
-I was once acquainted with a gentleman, who at
-eighty years of age was what would be called a stout, healthy
-old fellow. He was certainly of a most robust constitution,
-and had never addicted himself to any habit “calculated to
-shorten life,” as they say at the Insurance Offices, saving and
-excepting that of taking snuff. Well, it has been said to me,
-“See how your anti-nicotian theory is set at defiance by this
-hearty old fellow. If tobacco be a slow poison, it must be,
-as was said of tea, very slow indeed, or how should we have
-such an exemplary octogenarian as this, ‘o’er all its ills victorious?’
-He has been taking snuff all his life, and yet, you
-perceive, is nothing the worse for it.” Now, I did not perceive
-any such thing, but was well aware that the contrary
-was the case. I was of opinion, and am now fully
-convinced of the fact, that he suffered extremely, nay, intensely,
-from the habit, without himself or others being at all
-aware of it. I do not speak of a nose and face perpetually
-begrimed with snuff&mdash;of a waistcoat and inexpressibles embrowned
-and powdered all over with it&mdash;of the expenditure of
-pocket-handkerchiefs, and waste of time in nose-blowing&mdash;everlasting
-sneezing and coughing, &amp;c.: such matters are
-mere trifles in the estimate of your professed snuff-takers;
-but I do speak of an habitual depression of spirits, and frequently
-an access of the most miserable melancholy, to which
-this gentleman was subject, and which I attribute to his inveterate
-habit of snuff-taking, and to no other cause. He
-would complain bitterly of his wretchedness on those occasions,
-and ascribe it to the skyey influences&mdash;the humidity of our
-climate, the fogs, and I know not what besides; but it was
-nothing but “the snuff.” Such intelligence would have
-doubtless been very unwelcome; for this very snuff&mdash;this
-actual <i lang="la">fons et origo malorum</i>, ay, “more snuff”&mdash;was his
-most favourite remedy and consolation under these distressing
-visitations! So much for our ignorance of causes.</p>
-
-<p>The late Doctor Adam Clarke was a great enemy to the
-tobacco leaf, and published a strong paper in condemnation
-of it. He takes high ground upon the subject.</p>
-
-<p>“That it is sinful to use it, as most do,” he says, “I have
-no doubt&mdash;if destroying the constitution, and vilely squandering
-away the time and money which God has given for other<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[Pg 296]</a></span>
-purposes, may be termed sinful. I have observed some whole
-families, and very poor ones too, who have used tobacco in all
-possible ways, and some of them for more than half a century.
-Now, suppose the whole family, consisting of four, five, or
-six, to have used but 1s. 6d. worth a-week, then, in the mere
-article of tobacco, nearly £200 sterling is totally and irrecoverably
-lost in the course of fifty years. Were all the
-attending expenses, such as appropriate implements, neglect
-of business, and other concomitants, taken into account, probably
-four times the sum would be too small an estimate.”</p>
-
-<p>Captain Scott, in his interesting work “Rambles in Egypt
-and Candia,” says&mdash;</p>
-
-<p>“All the Arab race are addicted to the use of the pipe, and
-to this pernicious habit may be traced the origin of most of
-their vices, and a great proportion of their misery.” And
-again, in a note, he observes&mdash;“Nothing tends so much
-as the pernicious and universal habit of smoking to retard all
-improvement amongst the natives of the East, producing
-habitual indolence, and occasioning an irreparable loss of
-time.” He calls it elsewhere the “predominant vice of
-Mahomedanism.” Now, with such warning and such examples
-before me, I own that I cannot contemplate the possibility
-of my countrymen becoming a nation of smokers,
-without the utmost pain. I would wish to put all parties, but
-especially the young, on their guard against the insidious and
-seductive approaches of the habit. The elegant pipe, the
-splendid snuff-box, and all the curious conveniences of tube,
-light, tobacco-pouch, and so on, are so many lures to the
-unwary; and many, by simply nibbling at these captivating
-baits, have been gradually led on, and at last turned into
-confirmed consumers. There is a temptation in the furniture
-of our fashionable snuff and cigar shops&mdash;“divans,” as they
-are called, which it is hard to resist. It would seem almost
-worth while to “consume,” for the sake of encompassing oneself
-with such beautiful toys; but I class all such resorts in the
-same category with the gin-palaces of London. Look to the
-end&mdash;observe what a confirmed habit of snuffing or smoking
-is&mdash;how wasteful, how enervating, how every way pernicious!
-The tyranny of it is dreadful. No man knows it thoroughly
-but he who has once been its slave. The craving of the nose
-once accustomed to be fed, for snuff&mdash;of the throat and
-fauces once seasoned to the use, for smoke&mdash;and of the
-teeth and gums once used to be drawn, for the reiterate
-chew&mdash;oh, it is dreadful!&mdash;and I say there is no remedy
-against the evil but teetotalism.</p>
-
-<p>I have said nothing on those popular stimulants, tea and
-coffee, for, as generally used, I think they are both innocent,
-as they are certainly agreeable beverages. Let not my fair
-countrywomen, however, when they indulge in the “cup that
-cheers but not inebriates”&mdash;I mean the Howqua, or any other
-tea-mixture&mdash;aim at celebrity for preparing it over strong;
-for in this state, like other stimulants that we have been considering,
-I have no doubt that it is bad for weak nerves.</p>
-
-<p class="right">F.</p>
-
-<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">People with one Idea.</span>&mdash;There are people who have but
-one idea: at least if they have more, they keep it a secret, for
-they never talk but of one subject. There is Major C&mdash;&mdash;;
-he has but one idea, or subject of discourse, Parliamentary
-Reform. Now, Parliamentary Reform is (as far as I know)
-a very good thing, a very good idea, and a very good subject
-to talk about; but why should it be the only one? To hear
-the worthy and gallant Major resume his favourite topic is
-like law-business, or a person who has a suit in Chancery
-going on. Nothing can be attended to, nothing can be talked
-of but that. Now it is getting on, now again it is standing
-still; at one time the Master has promised to pass judgment
-by a certain day, at another he has put it off again, and called
-for more papers; and both are equally reasons for speaking
-of it. Like the piece of pack-thread in the barrister’s hands,
-he turns and twists it all ways, and cannot proceed a step
-without it. Some schoolboys cannot read but in their own
-book; and the man of one idea cannot converse out of his
-own subject. Conversation it is not, but a sort of recital of
-the preamble of a bill, or a collection of grave arguments for
-a man’s being of opinion with himself. It would be well if
-there was any thing of character, any thing of eccentricity in
-all this; but that is not the case. It is a political homily personified,
-a walking common-place we have to encounter and
-listen to. It is just as if a man was to insist on your hearing
-him go through the fifth chapter of the Book of Judges every
-time you meet, or like the story of the Cosmogony in the
-Vicar of Wakefield. It is a tune played on a barrel-organ.
-It is a common vehicle of discourse into which people get and
-are set down when they please, without any pains or trouble
-to themselves. Neither is it professional pedantry or trading
-quackery: it has no excuse. The man has no more to do
-with the question which he saddles on all his hearers than you
-have. This is what makes the matter hopeless. If a farmer
-talks to you about his pigs or his poultry, or a physician about
-his patients, or a lawyer about his briefs, or a merchant about
-stock, or an author about himself, you know how to account
-for this; it is a common infirmity; you have a laugh
-at his expense, and there is no more to be said. But here is
-a man who goes out of his way to be absurd, and is troublesome
-by a romantic effort of generosity. You cannot say to
-him, “All this may be interesting to you, but I have no concern
-in it;” you cannot put him off in that way. He has got
-possession of a subject which is of universal and paramount
-interest, and on that plea may hold you by the button as long
-as he chooses. His delight is to harangue on what nowise
-regards himself; how then can you refuse to listen to what
-as little amuses you? The business admits of no delay. The
-question stands first on the order of the day&mdash;takes precedence
-in its own right of every other question. Any other
-topic, grave or gay, is looked upon in the light of impertinence,
-and sent to Coventry. Business is an interruption to
-it, pleasure a digression from it. As Cicero says of study, it
-follows the man into the country, it stays with him at home;
-it sits with him at breakfast, and goes out with him to dinner.
-It is like a part of his dress, of the costume of his person,
-without which he would be at a loss what to do. If he meets
-you in the street, he accosts you with it as a form of salutation;
-if you see him at his own house, it is supposed you
-come upon that. If you happen to remark, “it is a fine day,”
-or “the town is full,” it is considered as a temporary compromise
-of the question; you are suspected of not going the
-whole length of the principle. Is not this a species of sober
-madness more provoking than the real? Has not the theoretical
-enthusiast his mind as much warped, as much enslaved
-by one idea, as the acknowledged lunatic, only that the former
-has no lucid intervals? If you see a visionary of this
-class going along the street, you can tell as well what he is
-thinking of and will say next as the man that fancies himself
-a tea-pot or the Czar of Muscovy. The one is as inaccessible
-to reason as the other: if the one raves, the other dotes!&mdash;<cite>Hazlitt’s
-Table-Talk.</cite></p>
-
-<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Comfortable Circumstances favour Foresight.</span>&mdash;It
-is a most remarkable fact, totally at variance with what
-might <i lang="la">a priori</i> be expected, but confirmed by the universal
-experience of mankind, that the dominion of reason over the
-passions, the habit of foresight, and the power of forming a
-systematic plan for the conduct of life, are just in proportion
-<em>to the degree in which the danger of immediate or the pressure
-of actual suffering has been removed from mankind</em>. The
-savage who has no stock whatever for his support&mdash;who is in
-danger of immediate starvation, if his wonted supplies from
-the chase or his herds were to fail&mdash;is totally regardless of the
-future in every part of the world; while the rich man, whose
-subsistence and affluence are almost beyond the reach of
-chance, is incessantly in disquietude about the manner in
-which his subsequent life is to be spent. The certain prospect
-of instant death to himself and all that are dear to him, from
-the occurrence of a probable event, is unable to draw the attention
-of the one from the enjoyments of the moment; while
-the slight and improbable chance of a diminution in the smallest
-articles of <em>future</em> comfort, renders the other indifferent to
-the means of <em>present</em> enjoyment which are within his reach.&mdash;<cite>Alison’s
-Principles of Population.</cite></p>
-
-<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Appreciation.</span>&mdash;After all, it is appreciation rather than
-praise that is delightful. An artist, for instance, how tired
-he must be of hearing his pictures called “beautiful, exquisite!”&mdash;of
-being told for the one hundredth time that he has
-surpassed himself; but let any one point out to him one of
-his own thoughts on the canvass, which he supposed likely to
-escape the general eye, and how grateful it is!</p>
-
-<hr class="tb" />
-
-<div class="blockquote">
-
-<p>Printed and published every Saturday by <span class="smcap">Gunn</span> and <span class="smcap">Cameron</span>, at the Office
-of the General Advertiser, No. 6, Church Lane, College Green, Dublin.&mdash;Agents:&mdash;<span class="smcap">R.
-Groombridge</span>, Panyer Alley, Paternoster Row, London;
-<span class="smcap">Simms</span> and <span class="smcap">Dinham</span>, Exchange Street, Manchester; <span class="smcap">C. Davies</span>, North
-John Street, Liverpool; <span class="smcap">Slocombe</span> &amp; <span class="smcap">Simms</span>, Leeds; <span class="smcap">Fraser</span> and
-<span class="smcap">Crawford</span>, George Street, Edinburgh; and <span class="smcap">David Robertson</span>, Trongate,
-Glasgow.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No.
-37, March 13, 1841, by Various
-
-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, MARCH 13, 1841 ***
-
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