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Keck. - </title> - - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - -<style type="text/css"> - -a { - text-decoration: none; -} - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - -h1,h2,h3 { - text-align: center; - clear: both; -} - -h4,h5,h6 { - text-align: center; - clear: both; - font-size: 1em; - margin-top: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; -} - -hr { - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - clear: both; - width: 65%; - margin-left: 17.5%; - margin-right: 17.5%; -} - -ul { - list-style-type: none; - display: inline-block; - text-align: left; - margin: 0; - padding: 0; -} - -li { - margin-top: .5em; -} - -p { - margin-top: 0.5em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: 0.5em; - text-indent: 1em; -} - -table { - margin: 1em auto 1em auto; - max-width: 45em; - border-collapse: collapse; -} - -td { - padding-left: 0.25em; - padding-right: 0.25em; - vertical-align: top; -} - -td.part { - font-weight: bold; - font-size: 120%; - text-align: center; - padding-top: 0.75em; -} - -td.sec { - font-weight: bold; - padding-top: 0.5em; -} - -td.piece { - padding-left: 2em; -} - -td.piece-sub { - padding-left: 4em; -} - -td.page { - text-align: right; -} - -td.total { - border-top: thin solid black; -} - -.author { - font-weight: bold; - text-align: center; - text-indent: 0em; - margin-bottom: 1em; -} - -.bbox { - margin: auto; - max-width: 19em; - border: thin solid black; - padding: 0.5em; -} - -.caption { - text-align: center; - margin-bottom: 1em; - font-size: 90%; - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.caption-cp { - text-align: center; - font-size: 80%; - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.center { - text-align: center; - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; -} - -.figright { - float: right; - clear: right; - margin-left: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - margin-top: 1em; - margin-right: 0; - padding: 0; - text-align: center; -} - -.footnotes { - margin-top: 1em; - border: dashed 1px; -} - -.footnote { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; - font-size: 0.9em; -} - -.footnote .label { - position: absolute; - right: 84%; - text-align: right; -} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: none; -} - -.glossary p { - padding-left: 2em; - text-indent: -2em; -} - -.larger { - font-size: 150%; -} - -.noindent { - text-indent: 0; -} - -.notes { - font-size: 95%; - border: dashed 1px; - background-color: #f5f5f5; - padding: 0.5em; - margin-top: 1em; -} - -.pagenum { - position: absolute; - right: 4%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; -} - -.poetry-container, .list-container { - text-align: center; -} - -.poetry { - display: inline-block; - text-align: left; -} - -.poetry .stanza { - margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; -} - -.poetry .verse { - text-indent: -3em; - padding-left: 3em; -} - -.poetry .indent1 { - text-indent: -2em; -} - -.poetry .indent2 { - text-indent: -1em; -} - -.poetry .indent3 { - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.poetry .indent4 { - text-indent: 1em; -} - -.poetry .indent5 { - text-indent: 2em; -} - -.poetry .indent6 { - text-indent: 3em; -} - -.poetry .indent7 { - text-indent: 4em; -} - -.right { - text-align: right; -} - -.smaller { - font-size: 80%; -} - -.smcap { - font-variant: small-caps; - font-style: normal; -} - -.smcapuc { - font-variant: small-caps; - font-style: normal; - text-transform: lowercase; -} - -.spacer { - margin-left: 2em; - margin-right: 2em; -} - -.titlepage { - text-align: center; - margin-top: 3em; - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.transnote { - background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - text-align: center; - font-size: smaller; - padding: 0.5em; -} - -@media handheld { - -img { - max-width: 100%; - width: auto; - height: auto; -} - -.poetry { - display: block; - margin-left: 1.5em; -} -} - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Junior High School Literature, Book 1, by -William H. Elson and Christine M. Keck - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: Junior High School Literature, Book 1 - -Author: William H. Elson - Christine M. Keck - -Release Date: June 1, 2017 [EBook #54825] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL *** - - - - -Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span></p> - -<h1>JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL<br /> -LITERATURE<br /> -<br /> -BOOK ONE</h1> - -<p class="titlepage">BY<br /> -<span class="larger">WILLIAM H. ELSON</span><br /> -<span class="smaller">AUTHOR ELSON READERS AND GOOD ENGLISH SERIES</span></p> - -<p class="center">AND</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="larger">CHRISTINE M. KECK</span><br /> -<span class="smaller">HEAD UNION JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH, GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN</span></p> - -<p class="titlepage">SCOTT, FORESMAN AND COMPANY<br /> -CHICAGO <span class="spacer">ATLANTA</span> NEW YORK</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ii]</a></span></p> - -<p class="titlepage"><span class="smcap">Copyright 1919<br /> -By Scott, Foresman and Company</span></p> - -<p class="smaller">For permission to use copyrighted material grateful -acknowledgment is made to <cite>The London Times</cite> for “The -Guards Came Through” by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle; to -Thomas Hardy for “Men Who March Away” from <cite>The -London Times</cite>; to John Galsworthy for “England to -Free Men” from <cite>The Westminster Gazette</cite>; to John -Masefield for “Spanish Waters”; to Hamlin Garland for -“The Great Blizzard” from <cite>Boy Life on the Prairie</cite>; to -Doubleday Page & Co. for “The Gift of the Magi” by -O. Henry; to G. P. Putnam’s Sons for “Old Ephraim, the -Grizzly Bear,” from <cite>The Wilderness Hunter</cite> by Theodore -Roosevelt; to the George H. Doran Company for “Trees” -from <cite>Trees and Other Poems</cite> by Joyce Kilmer; to Mr. -R. W. Lillard for “America’s Answer” from <cite>The New -York Evening Post</cite>; to Horace Traubel for “Pioneers! -O Pioneers!”, “I Hear America Singing”, “O Captain! -My Captain!” by Walt Whitman; to Charles Scribner’s -Sons for “On a Florida River” by Sidney Lanier, from -<cite>The Lanier Book</cite>, copyright 1904; and to Frederick A. -Stokes Company for “Kilmeny—A Song of the -Trawlers” by Alfred Noyes from <cite>The New Morning</cite>, -copyright 1919.</p> - -<p class="titlepage">ROBERT O. LAW COMPANY<br /> -<span class="smaller">EDITION BOOK MANUFACTURERS</span><br /> -CHICAGO, U. S. A.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span></p> - -<h2 id="PREFACE">PREFACE</h2> - -<p>The Junior High School offers exceptional opportunity for relating -literature to life. In addition to the aesthetic and ethical -purposes, long recognized in the study of literature, the World -War emphasized the need for an extension of aims to include the -teaching of certain fundamental American ideals. To marshal the -available material, setting it to work in the service of social and -civic ideals, is to give to literature the “central place in a new -humanism.” When we organize reading in the schools with reference -to the teaching of ideals—personal, social, national, and -patriotic—we “put the stress on literature as one of the chief -means through which the child enters on his intellectual and spiritual -inheritance.” Outstanding among these ideals are: freedom, -love of home and country, service, loyalty, courage, thrift, humane -treatment of animals, a sense of humor, love of Nature, and an -appreciation of the dignity of honest work. In a word, to provide -a course in the history and development of civilization, -particularly stressing America’s part in it, is the present-day -demand on the school.</p> - -<p>The Junior High School Literature Series, of which the present -volume is intended for use in the first year, provides such a -course. The literature brought together in this book is organized -with reference to the social ideal. Nature in its varied -relations to human life, particularly child life, is presented in -stories and poems of animals, birds, flowers, trees, and winter, all -abounding in beauty and charm. Interest in Nature leads to interest -in the deeds of men filled with the spirit of adventure. The -heroism of brave men and women from the age of chivalry to -the days of self-sacrifice on Flanders Fields is told in ballad -and romance, thus stimulating qualities of courage, loyalty, and -devotion. Akin to these are the deeds of men who won freedom -for their fellows and gave meaning to the words, “our inheritance -of freedom.” Their heroism is told in story and song, from the -time of the Great Charter and Robert the Bruce to the Declaration<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span> -of Independence and the recent treaty of Versailles. The -whole culminates in the literature and life in the homeland, interpreting -America’s part in these great enterprises of the human -spirit. Through legend and history the spirit and thoughts of -our developing nation are portrayed in a literature of compelling -interest, distinctively American.</p> - -<p>This book supplies material in such generous quantity as to -provide in one volume a complete one-year course of literature. -There is material suited to all the purposes that a collection of -literature for this grade should supply: reading for the story element, -silent reading, reading for expression, intensive reading, -memorizing, dramatization, public reading and recitation, plot -study, etc. Moreover, the book offers a wide variety of literature, -representing various types: ballads, lyrics, short stories, tales, -biographies, and the rest. The selections comprise not only those -that have stood the test of time, but also some of the choicest -treasures of the modern creative period. They are given in complete -units, not mere excerpts or garbled “cross-sections.”</p> - -<p>The helps to study are more than mere notes; they take into -account the larger purposes of the literature. Especially illuminating -are the selection “The Three Joys of Reading,” pages <a href="#Page_9">9-14</a>, -and the Introductions to Parts <a href="#II_INTRO">II</a>, <a href="#III_INTRO">III</a>, and <a href="#IV_INTRO">IV</a>; these should be -read by pupils before beginning the study of the selections in the -several groups, for they interpret and give greater significance to -the units. The biographical and historical notes provide helpful -data for interpreting the stories and poems. A comprehensive -glossary, pages <a href="#Page_592">592-626</a>, contains the words and phrases of the -text that offer valuable vocabulary training, either of pronunciation -or meaning. An additional feature that will appeal to many -teachers is the list of common words frequently mispronounced -given in connection with the helps to study. See pages <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, etc.</p> - -<p class="right">The Authors.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></p> - -<h2>TABLE OF CONTENTS</h2> - -<table summary="Contents"> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page smaller">PAGE</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Preface</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#PREFACE">iii</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">The Three Joys of Reading</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#THE_THREE_JOYS_OF_READING">ix</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="part"><a href="#PART_I">PART I</a><br /><span class="smcap">Stories and Poems of Nature</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#ANIMALS">ANIMALS</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Buffalo</span></td> - <td><i>Francis Parkman</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Old Ephraim, the Grizzly Bear</span></td> - <td><i>Theodore Roosevelt</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Moti Guj—Mutineer</span></td> - <td><i>Rudyard Kipling</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Elephants That Struck</span></td> - <td><i>Samuel White Baker</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#BIRDS">BIRDS</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Robert of Lincoln</span></td> - <td><i>William Cullen Bryant</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Maryland Yellow-Throat</span></td> - <td><i>Henry van Dyke</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Belfry Pigeon</span></td> - <td><i>Nathaniel Parker Willis</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Sandpiper</span></td> - <td><i>Celia Thaxter</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Throstle</span></td> - <td><i>Alfred, Lord Tennyson</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">To the Cuckoo</span></td> - <td><i>William Wordsworth</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Birds’ Orchestra</span></td> - <td><i>Celia Thaxter</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_52">52</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#FLOWERS_AND_TREES">FLOWERS AND TREES</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">To the Fringed Gentian</span></td> - <td><i>William Cullen Bryant</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Violet! Sweet Violet!</span></td> - <td><i>James Russell Lowell</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">To the Dandelion</span></td> - <td><i>James Russell Lowell</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Daffodils</span></td> - <td><i>William Wordsworth</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Trailing Arbutus</span></td> - <td><i>John Greenleaf Whittier</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">To a Mountain Daisy</span></td> - <td><i>Robert Burns</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Sweet Peas</span></td> - <td><i>John Keats</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Chorus of Flowers</span></td> - <td><i>Leigh Hunt</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_64">64</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Trees</span></td> - <td><i>Joyce Kilmer</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#WINTER">WINTER</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Great Blizzard</span></td> - <td><i>Hamlin Garland</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Frost</span></td> - <td><i>Hannah F. Gould</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Frost Spirit</span></td> - <td><i>John Greenleaf Whittier</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Snow Storm</span></td> - <td><i>Ralph Waldo Emerson</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_78">78</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Snowflakes</span></td> - <td><i>Henry W. Longfellow</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Midwinter</span></td> - <td><i>John T. Trowbridge</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Blow, Blow, Thou Winter Wind</span></td> - <td><i>William Shakespeare</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_84">84</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span><span class="smcap">When Icicles Hang by the Wall</span></td> - <td><i>William Shakespeare</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_85">85</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="part"><a href="#PART_II">PART II</a><br /><span class="smcap">Adventures Old and New</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#II_INTRO">89</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#THE_DAYS_OF_CHIVALRY">THE DAYS OF CHIVALRY</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">King Arthur Stories</span> <span class="spacer">Adapted from</span></td> - <td><i>Sir Thomas Malory</i></td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">The Coming of Arthur</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_91">91</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">The Story of Gareth</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_105">105</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">The Peerless Knight Lancelot</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_126">126</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">The Passing of Arthur</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_149">149</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#NARRATIVES_IN_VERSE">NARRATIVES IN VERSE</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Sir Patrick Spens</span></td> - <td><i>Folk Ballad</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_168">168</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Skeleton in Armor</span></td> - <td><i>Henry W. Longfellow</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_171">171</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Three Fishers</span></td> - <td><i>Charles Kingsley</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_177">177</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Lord Ullin’s Daughter</span></td> - <td><i>Thomas Campbell</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_178">178</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Pipes at Lucknow</span></td> - <td><i>John Greenleaf Whittier</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_181">181</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Spanish Waters</span></td> - <td><i>John Masefield</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_184">184</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Kilmeny—a Song of the Trawlers</span></td> - <td><i>Alfred Noyes</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_186">186</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Guards Came Through</span></td> - <td><i>Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_188">188</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#STORIES_OF_THE_SEA">STORIES OF THE SEA</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">A Descent Into the Maelstrom</span></td> - <td><i>Edgar Allan Poe</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_191">191</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Wreck of the Golden Mary</span></td> - <td><i>Charles Dickens</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_210">210</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#TALES_FROM_SHAKESPEARE">TALES FROM SHAKESPEARE</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">As You Like It</span></td> - <td><i>Charles and Mary Lamb</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_259">259</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Tempest</span></td> - <td><i>Charles and Mary Lamb</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_275">275</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="part"><a href="#PART_III">PART III</a><br /><span class="smcap">Ideals and Heroes of Freedom</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#III_INTRO">289</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#SCOTLANDS_STRUGGLE_FOR_INDEPENDENCE">SCOTLAND’S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Tales of a Grandfather</span></td> - <td><i>Sir Walter Scott</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_293">293</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">The Story of Sir William Wallace</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_293">293</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">Robert the Bruce</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_301">301</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">The Battle of Bannockburn</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_311">311</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">Exploits of Douglas and Randolph</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_318">318</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Parting of Marmion and Douglas</span></td> - <td><i>Sir Walter Scott</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_325">325</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Bruce’s Address at Bannockburn</span></td> - <td><i>Robert Burns</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_328">328</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#ENGLAND_AND_FREEDOM">ENGLAND AND FREEDOM</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Last Fight of the Revenge</span></td> - <td><i>Sir Walter Raleigh</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_330">330</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Ye Mariners of England</span></td> - <td><i>Thomas Campbell</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_336">336</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">England and America Natural Allies</span></td> - <td><i>John Richard Green</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_338">338</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">England and America in 1782</span></td> - <td><i>Alfred, Lord Tennyson</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_340">340</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">England To Free Men</span></td> - <td><i>John Galsworthy</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_341">341</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span><span class="smcap">Men Who March Away</span></td> - <td><i>Thomas Hardy</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_343">343</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#EARLY_AMERICAN_SPIRIT_OF_FREEDOM">EARLY AMERICAN SPIRIT OF FREEDOM</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Grandfather’s Chair</span></td> - <td><i>Nathaniel Hawthorne</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_345">345</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">How New England Was Governed</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_345">345</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">The Pine-tree Shillings</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_349">349</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">The Stamp Act</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_354">354</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">British Soldiers Stationed in Boston</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_359">359</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">The Boston Massacre</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_364">364</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece-sub"><span class="smcap">Some Famous Portraits</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_370">370</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Gray Champion</span></td> - <td><i>Nathaniel Hawthorne</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_376">376</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Warren’s Address at Bunker Hill</span></td> - <td><i>John Pierpont</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_385">385</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Liberty Or Death</span></td> - <td><i>Patrick Henry</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_386">386</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">George Washington To His Wife</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_390">390</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">George Washington To Governor Clinton</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_393">393</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Song of Marion’s Men</span></td> - <td><i>William Cullen Bryant</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_395">395</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Times That Try Men’s Souls</span></td> - <td><i>Thomas Paine</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_397">397</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="part"><a href="#PART_IV">PART IV</a><br /><span class="smcap">Literature and Life in the Homeland</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#IV_INTRO">403</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#EARLY_AMERICA">EARLY AMERICA</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Character of Columbus</span></td> - <td><i>Archbishop Corrigan</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_405">405</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers</span></td> - <td><i>Felicia Hemans</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_407">407</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Philip of Pokanoket</span></td> - <td><i>Washington Irving</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_409">409</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Courtship of Miles Standish</span></td> - <td><i>Henry W. Longfellow</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_427">427</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#AMERICAN_SCENES_AND_LEGENDS">AMERICAN SCENES AND LEGENDS</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">My Visit To Niagara</span></td> - <td><i>Nathaniel Hawthorne</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_466">466</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">On a Florida River</span></td> - <td><i>Sidney Lanier</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_473">473</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">I Sigh for the Land of the Cypress</span></td> - <td><i>Samuel Henry Dickson</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_477">477</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</span></td> - <td><i>Washington Irving</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_479">479</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Great Stone Face</span></td> - <td><i>Nathaniel Hawthorne</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_510">510</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#AMERICAN_LITERATURE_OF_LIGHTER_VEIN">AMERICAN LITERATURE OF LIGHTER VEIN</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Celebrated Jumping Frog</span></td> - <td><i>Mark Twain</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_531">531</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Height of the Ridiculous</span></td> - <td><i>Oliver Wendell Holmes</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_538">538</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Gift of the Magi</span></td> - <td><i>O. Henry</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_541">541</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Renowned Wouter van Twiller</span></td> - <td><i>Washington Irving</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_547">547</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#AMERICAN_WORKERS_AND_THEIR_WORK">AMERICAN WORKERS AND THEIR WORK</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Makers of the Flag</span></td> - <td><i>Franklin K. Lane</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_553">553</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">I Hear America Singing</span></td> - <td><i>Walt Whitman</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_556">556</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Pioneers! O Pioneers!</span></td> - <td><i>Walt Whitman</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_557">557</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Beanfield</span></td> - <td><i>Henry David Thoreau</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_559">559</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Ship-builders</span></td> - <td><i>John Greenleaf Whittier</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_562">562</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span><span class="smcap">The Builders</span></td> - <td><i>Henry W. Longfellow</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_566">566</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="3" class="sec"><a href="#LOVE_OF_COUNTRY">LOVE OF COUNTRY</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Flower of Liberty</span></td> - <td><i>Oliver Wendell Holmes</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_568">568</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Old Ironsides</span></td> - <td><i>Oliver Wendell Holmes</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_570">570</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The American Flag</span></td> - <td><i>Henry Ward Beecher</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_572">572</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The American Flag</span></td> - <td><i>Joseph Rodman Drake</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_574">574</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Flag Goes By</span></td> - <td><i>Henry H. Bennett</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_577">577</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Star-spangled Banner</span></td> - <td><i>Francis Scott Key</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_578">578</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Citizenship</span></td> - <td><i>William Pierce Frye</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_580">580</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Character of Washington</span></td> - <td><i>Thomas Jefferson</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_583">583</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">The Twenty-second of February</span></td> - <td><i>William Cullen Bryant</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_586">586</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">Abraham Lincoln</span></td> - <td><i>Richard H. Stoddard</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_587">587</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">O Captain! My Captain!</span></td> - <td><i>Walt Whitman</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_588">588</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">In Flanders Fields</span></td> - <td><i>John D. McCrae</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_590">590</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="piece"><span class="smcap">America’s Answer</span></td> - <td><i>R. W. Lillard</i></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#Page_591">591</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="smcap">Glossary</span></td> - <td></td> - <td class="page"><a href="#GLOSSARY">592</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class="bbox"> - -<p class="center">THE LITERATURE SERIES<br /> -<i>for the Junior High School</i></p> - -<p class="center">The complete series includes:</p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li>Book One, for the first year.</li> -<li>Book Two, for the second year.</li> -<li>Book Three, for the third year.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span></p> - -<h2 id="THE_THREE_JOYS_OF_READING">THE THREE JOYS OF READING</h2> - -<p>The picture on this page is called “A Reading from Homer.” -Study each of the people who form the group. Judging from their -dress and appearance, do you think they are people of the present -time or of the ancient world? From what sort of book is the poet -reading? Should you think such “books” could be owned by all -sorts of people, or only by a few? Study the reader’s expression. -What sort of story do you think he is reading? Can you decide -anything about the listeners, who they are and what they are -thinking about? Who is most deeply interested in the story, and -why?</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/illus1.jpg" width="500" height="325" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A READING FROM HOMER</p> -</div> - -<p>Men do brave deeds on the sea, in far-off lands, or in war, and -these deeds are the subject of song and story. Youths who are -looking forward to heroic careers, and men and women to whom -life has brought few thrilling experiences, like to hear these tales. -A well-told story opens the door to a new pleasure in living. An -animal knows only the present. He is hungry, or tired, or his -life is in danger, or he is well fed and sleepy. But boys and girls,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span> -and grown-ups, too, have not only their daily experience to draw -upon, but through books and magazines and papers they can -enter into the experience of others, so that they may live many -lives in one.</p> - -<p>Aladdin had a wonderful lamp. By rubbing it he could be -anywhere he chose or could possess anything he desired. Such -a lamp the reader of good books possesses. You come in from -work or play, curl yourself up in a big chair before the fire, open -your book, and in a twinkling you are whisked away to a new -world. Your body is there, curled up before the fire, but enchantment -has come upon you. In imagination you are with Sindbad -the Sailor, or with Robinson Crusoe, or with King Arthur, or you -are in the Indian Jungle, or on a ship sailing the South Seas, or -you are hunting for Treasure Island. And you have it in your -power to take these wonderful trips instantly; no railway tickets -are required, no long delays. You may go on a journey to the -other side of the world or into the South Polar ice or out on a -western ranch. What is more wonderful, you may go back a -century, or ten centuries; through this Aladdin’s lamp of reading -you are master not only of space, but also of time. Thus the first -joy of reading is the privilege of taking part in the experiences of -men of every time and every portion of the world. You multiply -your life, and the product is richness and joy.</p> - -<p>The second joy of reading is even greater. Not only the world -of adventure is open to you by means of books, but also a life -enriched by the wisdom that has been gathered from a thousand -poets and historians as bees gather honey from a thousand flowers. -There is a story of a great Italian of the sixteenth century who -found himself in the prime of life without a position, without -money, and even compelled to become an exile because of a revolution. -He retired to a farm remote from all the scenes in which -his previous life had been passed. All day he worked hard, for -only by hard work could he live. But in the evenings, when work -was done, when horses and oxen and the laborers who had toiled -with them all the day had gone to sleep, this man put on the splendid -court dress he had worn in the days of his prosperity, days -when he had associated with princes and the great ones of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></span> -earth, and so garbed he went into his library and shut the door. -And then, he tells us, for four hours he lived amid the scenes that -his books called up before him. He found in books an Aladdin’s -lamp that transported him to past times, that revealed the secrets -of nature, that showed him what -men had accomplished. Through -history, he re-created the past. -He could call on the wisest of men -for counsel, and he forgot during -these hours his weariness and pain.</p> - -<p>This story of the great Italian -has been paralleled many times. -There was once a boy in a frontier -cabin who had no such experience -as this man passed through -centuries ago, but who was eager -to know all that could be learned -about life. His days were long -and hard, but he was dreaming of -things to come. At night by the -light of the pine logs blazing in the -fireplace, this boy read and -studied. Books were hard to get; sometimes he tramped for miles -to borrow one that he had heard a distant farmer possessed. -Thus Lincoln found the second of the joys of reading, the stored-up -wisdom of the race that he appropriated against the day when -he was to be not merely a student of history but a maker of -history as well.</p> - -<div class="figright" style="width: 300px;"> -<img src="images/illus2.jpg" width="300" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">THE SONG OF THE LARK</p> -</div> - -<p>The third joy of reading is that through books our eyes are -opened to the beauty of the world in which we live. There is -a famous painting called “The Song of the Lark.” A peasant -girl is on her way to work in the fields, sickle in hand, in early -morning. She has stopped to listen to the flood of melody that -pours from the sky above her, and is trying in vain to see the -bird which is singing the glorious song. Her dull, unexpressive -face is lighted up for the moment in the presence of a beauty -that she feels but does not comprehend. So the painter interprets<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[xii]</a></span> -for us the effect of beauty upon even a dull intelligence. But -the poet translates the song into beautiful language, and we -read and are happy.</p> - -<p>Thousands of people pass unthinkingly by a field filled with the -common daisies. They know the name of the flower; they may -even say, or think, that the flowers make a pretty sight. But a -poor young poet plows one up on his farm and tells us of his -sympathy for the little flower he has destroyed; tells us, too, how -the fate of the daisy suggests to him his own fate, so that all who -read the poem by Robert Burns no longer see in the daisy a common -flower, but see instead a symbol of beauty.</p> - -<p>Bird-song and flower, the west wind as it drives the dead leaves -before it or hurries the clouds across the sky or piles up in great -masses the waters of the sea; the mountain that rises stark and -stern above the plain, the ocean over which men’s ships pass in -safety or into whose depths they plunge to their grave—all these -things the poet helps us to see and to feel. So once more our -Aladdin’s lamp brings us into scenes of enchantment, multiplies -our lives, opens our eyes to things that the fairy-folk know right -well, but which are forbidden to mortal eye and ear until the spell -has worked its will.</p> - -<p>These, then, are the three joys of reading: First, to be able to -travel at will in any country and in any period of time and to -taste the salt of adventure; to hear the great stories that the -human race has garnered through centuries of living; to know -earth’s heroes and to become a part of the company that surrounds -them. Second, to enter into the inheritance of wisdom that -has come down from ancient times or that animates those who are -the builders of our present world. “Histories make men wise,” -said one of the wisest of men, by which he meant that history -records the experience of men in their attempts to make the world -a place where people may dwell together in safety, and that as men -reflect on this experience they become wiser. And poets and prose -writers, too, have told in books what they have thought to be the -meaning of life. They are like the wise old hermits, dwelling in -little cabins by the edge of the enchanted forest, who told Sir -Galahad or Sir Gawain or Sir Lancelot about the perils of the forest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[xiii]</a></span> -and how to win their way to the enchanted castle where dwelt -the Queen.</p> - -<p>And the third joy of reading is that which brings us knowledge -of this enchanted world. For it <em>is</em> a world of wonder in which we -live as truly as that fairy world which so delighted you when -Mother told you stories or when you read your fairy books. The -journey of Captain Scott in search of the South Pole was as thrilling -as the voyage of Sinbad. Those brave men who made the first -flight in an airplane across the ocean the other day were as -venturesome as Columbus, and their journey was as wonderful as -that journey in 1492. But Captain Scott did not leave his comfortable -and safe life at home merely to seek adventure. It was -an expedition planned in order that he might bring back exact -information about parts of the earth where men had never been -before. And the flight across the Atlantic was just one more step -in the development of a new form of transportation. So science -contributes in many ways to our happiness and safety. What -men do to develop the resources of the earth, what they do to -conquer disease, the inventions and discoveries that give us -greater power than if we possessed the open sesame of our fairy -stories—these also you learn about in your reading.</p> - -<p>The book to which you are here introduced is planned in such -a way as to help you find these three joys of reading. It is a -big generous book, filled with good things. It is an Aladdin’s -lamp. Take it to your favorite big chair or to your favorite -corner and test it. Do you wish to get into the Enchanted Forest? -The very first selections, about animals and birds and growing -things, take you there where you will find friends old and new. -Do you wish to go on a long journey back to King Arthur’s time -and meet the knights of the Round Table? The power is yours -for the asking. Or if you prefer songs and stories of the sea, here -is a ballad that has been sung for centuries, or you may have -ballads about battles in the war that ended the other day. And -no one knew the secrets of the Enchanted Forest better than -William Shakespeare—here are two stories that he loved.</p> - -<p>At some other time your book will take you back to the days -of Wallace and Bruce, or will bring before you some of the things<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[xiv]</a></span> -England has done for Freedom, or will show you what Americans -of the old time did and thought when they were building their free -land for you to dwell in and to protect. And, last of all, there are -stories of life in our America—old legends and stories that will -make you smile, and stories of workers and their work. When -you have finished the last section you will be happier and a better -citizen, ready to do your share every chance you get.</p> - -<p>One word more. You know that, in order to work enchantment, -people have had to do certain things. There was the fern-seed, -you know, or the charm like “open sesame,” or you have to rub the -wonderful lamp. Now to use this book rightly, you must not -think of it as a lesson book, containing tasks. If you do that, it -will be no Aladdin’s lamp at all but just a dull old smoky lamp -that would not even guide you to the cellar. You must do these -things: First, get that chair or that corner and make yourself -comfortable. Second, <em>look at the program</em>. What is that? -Why, the “Table of Contents,” of course. You must know where -you are going and what you are to see. In this book everything -is arranged in such a way as to help the charm to work. Third, -you will find little questions and studies every now and then, and -a glossary, guide-posts so that you will not lose your way. And, -last of all, you are to try to see the book as a whole and not as a -sort of scrapbook about all sorts of things. For it all deals, in -one way or another, with the Enchanted Forest and the Castle of -Life.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">[xv]</a></span></p> - -<h2 id="PART_I">PART I<br /> -<span class="smaller">STORIES AND POEMS OF NATURE</span></h2> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><i>“Go forth, under the open sky, and list</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>To Nature’s teachings.”</i></div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse right">—William Cullen Bryant.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">[xvi]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/illus3.jpg" width="500" height="300" alt="" /> -<p class="caption-cp">From a Thistle Print, Copyright Detroit Publishing Co.</p> -<p class="caption">AUTUMN WOODS—PAINTING BY GEORGE INNESS</p> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="ANIMALS">ANIMALS</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header1.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE BUFFALO</h4> - -<p class="author">FRANCIS PARKMAN</p> - -<h5>BRINGING HOME THE MEAT</h5> - -<p>Four days on the Platte, and yet no buffalo! The wagons one -morning had left the camp; Shaw and I were already on horseback, -but Henry Chatillon still sat cross-legged by the dead -embers of the fire, playing pensively with the lock of his rifle, -while his sturdy Wyandot pony stood quietly behind him, looking -over his head. At last he got up, patted the neck of the pony -(whom, from an <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref1">exaggerated appreciation</a> of his merits, he had -christened “Five Hundred Dollar”), and then mounted with a -melancholy air.</p> - -<p>“What is it, Henry?”</p> - -<p>“Ah, I feel lonesome; I never been here before; but I see away -yonder over the buttes, and down there on the prairie, black—all -black with buffalo!”</p> - -<p>In the afternoon he and I left the party in search of an antelope; -until, at the distance of a mile or two on the right, the tall -white wagons and the little black specks of horsemen were just -visible, so slowly advancing that they seemed motionless; and -far on the left rose the broken line of scorched, desolate sand-hills.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> -The vast plain waved with tall rank grass that swept our -horses’ bellies; it swayed to and fro in billows with the light -breeze, and far and near, antelope and wolves were moving through -it, the hairy backs of the latter alternately appearing and disappearing -as they bounded awkwardly along; while the antelope, -with the simple curiosity peculiar to them, would often approach -us closely, their little horns and white throats just visible above -the grass tops as they gazed eagerly at us with their round, black -eyes.</p> - -<p>I dismounted, and amused myself with firing at the wolves. -Henry <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref2">attentively scrutinized</a> the surrounding landscape; at -length he gave a shout, and called on me to mount again, pointing -in the direction of the sand-hills. A mile and a half from us, two -minute black specks slowly traversed the face of one of the bare, -glaring declivities, and disappeared behind the summit. “Let us -go!” cried Henry, belaboring the sides of Five Hundred Dollar; -and I following <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref3">in his wake</a>, we galloped rapidly through the rank -grass toward the base of the hills.</p> - -<p>From one of their openings descended a deep ravine, widening -as it <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref4">issued on the prairie</a>. We entered it, and galloping up, in -a moment were surrounded by the bleak sand-hills. Half of their -steep sides were bare; the rest were scantily clothed with clumps -of grass and various uncouth plants, conspicuous among which -appeared the reptile-like prickly-pear. They were <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref5">gashed with -numberless ravines</a>; and as the sky had suddenly darkened and -a cold gusty wind arisen, the strange shrubs and the dreary hills -looked <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref6">doubly wild</a> and desolate. But Henry’s face was all eagerness. -He tore off a little hair from the piece of buffalo robe -under his saddle, and threw it up, to show the course of the wind. -It blew directly before us. The game were therefore <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref7">to windward</a>, -and it was necessary to make our best speed to get round them.</p> - -<p>We scrambled from this ravine, and galloping away through -the hollows, soon found another, winding like a snake among -the hills, and so deep that it completely concealed us. We rode -up the bottom of it, glancing through the shrubbery at its edge, -till Henry abruptly jerked his rein and slid out of his saddle. -Full a quarter of a mile distant, on the outline of the farthest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> -hill, a long procession of buffalo were walking, in <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref8">Indian file</a>, with -the utmost gravity and deliberation; then more appeared, clambering -from a hollow not far off, and ascending, one behind the -other, the grassy slope of another hill; then a shaggy head and a -pair of short, broken horns appeared, issuing out of a ravine close -at hand, and with a slow, stately step, one by one, the enormous -brutes came into view, taking their way across the valley, wholly -unconscious of an enemy. In a moment Henry was <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref9">worming -his way</a>, lying flat on the ground, through grass and prickly-pears, -toward his unsuspecting victims. He had with him both my -rifle and his own. He was soon out of sight, and still the buffalo -kept issuing into the valley. For a long time all was silent; I -sat holding his horse, and wondering what he was about, when -suddenly, in rapid succession, came the sharp reports of the two -rifles, and the whole line of buffalo, quickening their pace into a -clumsy trot, gradually disappeared over the ridge of the hill. -Henry rose to his feet, and stood looking after them.</p> - -<p>“You have missed them,” said I.</p> - -<p>“Yes,” said Henry; “let us go.” He descended into the ravine, -loaded the rifles, and mounted his horse.</p> - -<p>We rode up the hill after the buffalo. The herd was out of -sight when we reached the top, but lying on the grass not far off -was one quite lifeless, and another violently struggling in the -death agony.</p> - -<p>“You see I miss him!” remarked Henry. He had fired from -a distance of more than a hundred and fifty yards, and both balls -had passed through the lungs—the true mark in shooting buffalo.</p> - -<p>The darkness increased, and a driving storm came on. Tying -our horses to the horns of the victims, Henry began the bloody -work of dissection, slashing away with the <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref10">science of a connoisseur</a>, -while I vainly endeavored to imitate him. Old Hendrick -recoiled with horror and indignation when I endeavored to tie -the meat to the strings of rawhide, always carried for this purpose, -dangling at the back of the saddle. After some difficulty -we <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref11">overcame his scruples</a>; and heavily burdened with the <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref12">more eligible -portions</a> of the buffalo, we set out on our return. Scarcely -had we emerged from the labyrinth of gorges and ravines, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> -issued upon the open prairie, when the pricking sleet came driving, -gust upon gust, directly in our faces. It was strangely dark, -though wanting still an hour of sunset. The freezing storm soon -penetrated to the skin, but the uneasy trot of our heavy-gaited -horses kept us warm enough, as we forced them unwillingly <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref13">in -the teeth of the sleet</a> and rain by the powerful suasion of our -Indian whips. The prairie in this place was hard and level. A -flourishing colony of prairie dogs had burrowed into it in every -direction, and the little mounds of fresh earth around their holes -were about as numerous as the hills in a cornfield; but not a yelp -was to be heard; not the nose of a single citizen was visible; all -had retired to the depths of their burrows, and we envied them -their dry and comfortable habitations. An hour’s hard riding -showed us our tent dimly looming through the storm, one side -puffed out by the force of the wind, and the other <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref14">collapsed in -proportion</a>, while the disconsolate horses stood shivering close -around, and the wind kept up a dismal whistling in the boughs of -three old, half-dead trees above. Shaw, like a patriarch, sat on -his saddle in the entrance, with a pipe in his mouth and his arms -folded, contemplating with cool satisfaction the piles of meat that -we flung on the ground before him. A dark and dreary night succeeded; -but the sun rose with a heat so sultry and languid that -the captain excused himself on that account from waylaying an -old buffalo bull, who with stupid gravity was walking over the -prairie to drink at the river. So much for the climate of the -Platte!</p> - -<h5>AN UNSUCCESSFUL HUNT</h5> - -<p>But it was not the weather alone that had produced this sudden -abatement of the sportsmanlike zeal which the captain had -always professed. He had been out on the afternoon before, -together with several members of his party; but their hunting -was attended with no other result than the loss of one of their -best horses, severely injured by Sorel in vainly chasing a wounded -bull. The captain, whose ideas of hard riding were all derived -from <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref15">transatlantic sources</a>, expressed the utmost amazement at -the feats of Sorel, who went leaping ravines and dashing at full -speed up and down the sides of precipitous hills, lashing his horse<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span> -with the recklessness of a Rocky Mountain rider. Unfortunately -for the poor animal, he was the property of R., against whom -Sorel entertained <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref16">an unbounded aversion</a>. The captain himself, -it seemed, had also attempted <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref17">to “run” a buffalo</a>, but though a -good and practiced horseman, he had soon given over the attempt, -being astonished and utterly disgusted at the nature of the ground -he was required to ride over.</p> - -<p>Nothing unusual occurred on that day; but on the following -morning Henry Chatillon, looking over the ocean-like expanse, -saw near the foot of the distant hills something that looked like -a band of buffalo. He was not sure, he said, but at all events, if -they were buffalo there was a fine chance for a race. Shaw and -I at once determined to try the speed of our horses.</p> - -<p>“Come, captain; we’ll see which can ride hardest, a Yankee -or an Irishman.”</p> - -<p>But the captain maintained a grave and austere countenance. -He mounted his led horse, however, though very slowly, and we -set out at a trot. The game appeared about three miles distant. -As we proceeded, the captain made various remarks of doubt and -indecision, and at length declared he would have nothing to do -with such a breakneck business; protesting that he had ridden -plenty of steeple-chases in his day, but he never knew what -riding was till he found himself behind a band of buffalo the day -before yesterday. “I am convinced,” said the captain, “that -‘running’ is out of the question. Take my advice now and don’t -attempt it. It’s dangerous, and of no use at all.”</p> - -<p>“Then why did you come out with us? What do you mean -to do?”</p> - -<p>“<a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref18">I shall ‘approach,’</a>” replied the captain.</p> - -<p>“You don’t mean to ‘approach’ with your pistols, do you? -We have all of us left our rifles in the wagons.”</p> - -<p>The captain seemed <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref19">staggered at the suggestion</a>. In his <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref20">characteristic -indecision</a>, at setting out, pistols, rifles, “running,” and -“approaching” were mingled in an inextricable medley in his -brain. He trotted on in silence between us for a while; but at -length he dropped behind, and slowly walked his horse back to -rejoin the party. Shaw and I kept on; when lo! as we advanced,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> -the band of buffalo were transformed into certain clumps of tall -bushes, dotting the prairie for a considerable distance. At this -ludicrous termination of our chase, we followed the example of -our late ally and turned back toward the party. We were skirting -the brink of a deep ravine, when we saw Henry and the broad-chested -pony coming toward us at a gallop.</p> - -<p>“Here’s old Papin and Frederic, down from Fort Laramie!” -shouted Henry, long before he came up. We had for some days -expected this encounter. Papin was the <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref21"><i lang="fr">bourgeois</i> of Fort Laramie</a>. -He had come down the river with the buffalo robes and -the beaver, the produce of the last winter’s trading. I had among -our baggage a letter which I wished to commit to their hands; -so, requesting Henry to detain the boats if he could until my -return, I set out after the wagons. They were about four miles -in advance. In half an hour I overtook them, got the letter, -trotted back upon the trail, and looking carefully as I rode, saw -a patch of broken, storm-blasted trees, and moving near them -some little black specks like men and horses. Arriving at the -place, I found a strange assembly. The boats, eleven in number, -deep-laden with the skins, hugged close to the shore to escape -being borne down by the swift current. The rowers, swarthy, -ignoble Mexicans, turned their brutish faces upward to look as I -reached the bank. Papin sat in the middle of one of the boats -upon the canvas covering that protected the robes. He was a -stout, robust fellow, with a little gray eye that had a peculiarly -sly twinkle. “Frederic” also stretched his tall, <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref22">rawboned proportions</a> -close by the <i lang="fr">bourgeois</i>, and “mountain-men” completed the -group; some lounging in the boats, some strolling on shore; some -attired in gayly painted buffalo robes like Indian dandies; some -with hair saturated with red paint, and beplastered with glue to -their temples; and one bedaubed with vermilion upon his forehead -and each cheek. They were a mongrel race, yet the French -blood seemed to predominate; in a few, indeed, might be seen -the black, snaky eye of the Indian half-breed; and one and all, -they seemed to aim at <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref23">assimilating themselves</a> to their savage -associates.</p> - -<p>I shook hands with the <i lang="fr">bourgeois</i> and delivered the letter;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> -then the boats swung around into the stream and floated away. -They had reason for haste, for already the voyage from Fort -Laramie had occupied a full month, and the river was growing -daily more shallow. Fifty times a day the boats had been -aground; indeed, those who navigate the Platte invariably spend -half their time upon sand-bars. Two of these boats, the property -of private traders, afterward separating from the rest, got hopelessly -<a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref24">involved in the shallows</a>, not very far from the Pawnee -villages, and were soon surrounded by a swarm of the inhabitants. -They carried off everything that they considered valuable, -including most of the robes; and amused themselves by -tying up the men left on guard, and soundly whipping them with -sticks.</p> - -<p>We encamped that night upon the bank of the river. Among -the emigrants there was an overgrown boy, some eighteen years -old, with a head as round and about as large as a pumpkin, and -fever-and-ague fits had dyed his face of a corresponding color. -He wore an old white hat, tied under his chin with a handkerchief; -his body was short and stout, but his legs of <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref25">disproportioned and -appalling</a> length. I observed him at sunset <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref26">breasting the hill</a> -with gigantic strides, and standing against the sky on the summit -like a colossal pair of tongs. In a moment after, we heard him -screaming frantically behind the ridge, and nothing doubting -that he was in the clutches of Indians or grizzly bears, some of -the party caught up their rifles and ran to the rescue. His outcries, -however, proved but an ebullition of joyous excitement; -he had chased two little wolf pups to their burrow, and he was on -his knees, grubbing away like a dog at the mouth of the hole, -to get at them.</p> - -<p>Before morning he caused more serious disquiet in the camp. -It was his turn to <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref27">hold the middle guard</a>; but no sooner was he -called up than he coolly arranged a pair of saddle-bags under a -wagon, laid his head upon them, closed his eyes, opened his mouth, -and fell asleep. The guard on our side of the camp, thinking it -no part of his duty to look after the cattle of the emigrants, contented -himself with watching our own horses and mules; the -wolves, he said, were unusually noisy; but still no mischief was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> -anticipated, until the sun rose, and not a hoof or horn was in -sight! The cattle were gone! While Tom was quietly slumbering, -the wolves had driven them away.</p> - -<p>Then we <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref28">reaped the fruits</a> of R.’s <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref29">precious plan</a> of traveling -in company with emigrants. To leave them in their distress was -not to be thought of, and we felt bound to wait until the cattle -could be searched for, and, if possible, recovered. But the reader -may be curious to know what punishment awaited the faithless -Tom. By the <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref30">wholesome law of the prairie</a>, he who falls asleep -on guard is condemned to walk all day, leading his horse by the -bridle, and we found much fault with our companions for not -enforcing such a sentence on the offender. Nevertheless, had he -been of our own party, I have no doubt he would in like manner -have escaped scot-free. But the emigrants went further than -mere forbearance; they decreed that since Tom couldn’t stand -guard without falling asleep, he shouldn’t stand guard at all, and -henceforward his slumbers were unbroken. Establishing such a -premium on drowsiness could have no very beneficial effect upon -the vigilance of our sentinels; for it is far from agreeable, after -riding from sunrise to sunset, to feel your slumbers interrupted -by the butt of a rifle nudging your side, and a sleepy voice growling -in your ear that you must get up, to shiver and freeze for -three weary hours at midnight.</p> - -<h5>LOST ON THE GREAT PLAINS</h5> - -<p>“Buffalo! buffalo!” It was but a grim old bull, roaming the -prairie by himself in misanthropic seclusion; but there might be -more behind the hills. Dreading the monotony and languor of -the camp, Shaw and I saddled our horses, buckled our holsters -in their places, and set out with Henry Chatillon in search of the -game. Henry, not intending to take part in the chase, but merely -conducting us, carried his rifle with him, while we left ours behind -as incumbrances. We rode for some five or six miles, and saw no -living thing but wolves, snakes, and prairie dogs.</p> - -<p>“This won’t do at all,” said Shaw.</p> - -<p>“What won’t do?”</p> - -<p>“There’s no wood about here to make a litter for the wounded<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> -man; I have an idea that one of us will need something of the -sort before the day is over.”</p> - -<p>There was some foundation for <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref31">such an apprehension</a>, for the -ground was none of the best for a race, and grew worse continually -as we proceeded; indeed it soon became desperately bad, -consisting of abrupt hills and deep hollows, cut by frequent -ravines not easy to pass. At length, a mile in advance, we saw -a band of bulls. Some were scattered grazing over a green declivity, -while the rest were crowded more densely together in the -wide hollow below. Making a circuit to keep out of sight, we rode -toward them until we ascended a hill within a furlong of them, -beyond which nothing intervened that could possibly screen us -from their view. We dismounted behind the ridge just out of -sight, <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref32">drew our saddle-girths</a>, examined our pistols, and mounting -again rode over the hill and descended at a canter toward them, -bending close to our horses’ necks. Instantly they took the alarm; -those on the hill descended; those below gathered into a mass, -and the whole got in motion, shouldering each other along at a -clumsy gallop. We followed, spurring our horses to full speed; -and as the herd rushed, crowding and trampling in terror through -an opening in the hills, we were close at their heels, half suffocated -by the clouds of dust. But as we drew near, their alarm -and speed increased; our horses showed signs of the utmost fear, -bounding violently aside as we approached, and refusing to enter -among the herd. The buffalo now broke into several small bodies, -scampering over the hills in different directions, and I lost sight -of Shaw; neither of us knew where the other had gone. Old -Pontiac ran like a frantic elephant up hill and down hill, his -ponderous hoofs striking the prairie like sledge-hammers. He -showed a curious mixture of eagerness and terror, straining to -overtake the panic-stricken herd, but constantly recoiling in -dismay as we drew near. The fugitives, indeed, offered no very -attractive spectacle, with their enormous size and weight, their -shaggy manes and the tattered remnants of their last winter’s hair -covering their backs in irregular shreds and patches, and flying -off in the wind as they ran. At length I urged my horse close -behind a bull, and after trying in vain, by blows and spurring, to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> -bring him alongside, I shot a bullet into the buffalo from this -disadvantageous position. At the report, Pontiac swerved so -much that I was again thrown a little behind the game. The -bullet, entering too much in the rear, failed to disable the bull, -for a buffalo requires to be shot at particular points or he will -certainly escape. The herd ran up a hill, and I followed in pursuit. -As Pontiac rushed headlong down on the other side, I saw -Shaw and Henry descending the hollow on the right at a leisurely -gallop; and in front, the buffalo were just disappearing behind -the crest of the next hill, their short tails erect and their hoofs -twinkling through a cloud of dust.</p> - -<p>At that moment I heard Shaw and Henry shouting to me; but -the muscles of a stronger arm than mine could not have checked -at once the furious course of Pontiac, whose mouth was as insensible -as leather. Added to this, I rode him that morning with a -common snaffle, having the day before, for the benefit of my other -horse, unbuckled from my bridle the curb which I ordinarily used. -A stronger and hardier brute never trod the prairie; but the novel -sight of the buffalo filled him with terror, and when at full speed -he was almost incontrollable. Gaining the top of the ridge, I saw -nothing of the buffalo; they had all vanished amid the intricacies -of the hills and hollows. Reloading my pistols in the best way -I could, I galloped on until I saw them again scuttling along at -the base of the hill, their panic somewhat abated. Down went -old Pontiac among them, scattering them to the right and left, -and then we had another long chase. About a dozen bulls were -before us, scouring over the hills, rushing down the declivities -with tremendous weight and impetuosity, and then <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref33">laboring with -a weary gallop</a> upward. Still Pontiac, in spite of spurring and -beating, would not close with them. One bull at length fell a -little behind the rest, and by <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref34">dint of much effort</a> I urged my horse -within six or eight yards of his side. His back was darkened -with sweat, and he was panting heavily, while his tongue lolled -out a foot from his jaws. Gradually I came up abreast of him, -urging Pontiac with leg and rein nearer to his side, when suddenly -he did what buffalo in such circumstances will always do: -he slackened his gallop, and turning toward us with an aspect of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> -mingled rage and distress, lowered his huge shaggy head for a -charge. Pontiac, with a snort, leaped aside in terror, nearly -throwing me to the ground, as I was wholly unprepared for such -an evolution. I raised my pistol in a passion to strike him on the -head, but thinking better of it, fired the bullet after the bull, who -had resumed his flight; then drew rein, and determined to rejoin -my companions. It was <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref35">high time</a>. The breath blew hard from -Pontiac’s nostrils, and the sweat rolled in big drops down his -sides; I myself felt as if drenched in warm water. Pledging -myself (and I redeemed the pledge) to take my revenge at a -future opportunity, I looked round for some indications to show -me where I was, and what course I ought to pursue. I might as -well have looked for landmarks in the midst of the ocean. How -many miles I had run or in what direction, I had no idea; and -around me the prairie was rolling in steep swells and pitches, -without a single distinctive feature to guide me. I had a little -compass hung at my neck; and ignorant that the Platte at this -point diverged considerably from its easterly course, I thought -that by keeping to the northward I should certainly reach it. So -I turned and rode about two hours in that direction. The prairie -changed as I advanced, softening away into easier undulations, -but nothing like the Platte appeared, nor any sign of a human -being; the same wild endless expanse lay around me still; and to -all appearance I was as far from my object as ever. I began -now to consider myself in danger of being lost; and therefore, -reining in my horse, summoned the scanty share of woodcraft that -I possessed (if that term be applicable upon the prairie) to extricate -me. Looking round, it occurred to me that the buffalo -might prove my best guides. I soon found one of the paths made -by them in their passage to the river; it ran nearly at right angles -to my course; but turning my horse’s head in the direction it -indicated, his freer gait and erected ears assured me that I was -right.</p> - -<p>But in the meantime my ride had been by no means a solitary -one. The whole face of the country was dotted far and wide -with countless hundreds of buffalo. They trooped along in files -and columns, bulls, cows, and calves, on the green faces of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> -declivities in front. They scrambled away over the hills to the -right and left; and far off, the pale blue swells in the extreme distance -were dotted with innumerable specks. Sometimes I surprised -shaggy old bulls grazing alone, or sleeping behind the -ridges I ascended. They would leap up at my approach, stare -stupidly at me through their tangled manes, and then gallop -heavily away. The antelope were very numerous; and as they -are always bold when in the neighborhood of buffalo, they would -approach quite near to look at me, gazing intently with their -great round eyes, then suddenly leap aside and stretch lightly -away over the prairie as swiftly as a racehorse. Squalid, ruffian-like -wolves sneaked through the hollows and sandy ravines. Several -times I passed through villages of prairie dogs, who sat, each -at the mouth of his burrow, holding his paws before him in a -<a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref36">supplicating attitude</a> and yelping away most vehemently, energetically -whisking his little tail with every squeaking cry he -uttered. Prairie dogs are not fastidious in their choice of companions; -various long, checkered snakes were sunning themselves -in the midst of the village, and demure little gray owls, with a -large white ring around each eye, were perched side by side with -the <a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref37">rightful inhabitants</a>. The prairie teemed with life. Again -and again I looked toward the crowded hillsides, and was sure I -saw horsemen; and riding near, with a mixture of hope and dread, -for Indians were abroad, I found them transformed into a group -of buffalo. There was nothing in human shape amid all this -<a href="#phrases1" title="List of phrases" id="ref38">vast congregation</a> of brute forms.</p> - -<p>When I turned down the buffalo path, the prairie seemed -changed; only a wolf or two glided past at intervals, like conscious -felons, never looking to the right or left. Being now free -from anxiety, I was at leisure to observe minutely the objects -around me; and here, for the first time, I noticed insects wholly -different from any of the varieties found farther to the eastward. -Gaudy butterflies fluttered about my horse’s head; strangely -formed beetles, glittering with metallic luster, were crawling upon -plants that I had never seen before; multitudes of lizards, too, -were darting like lightning over the sand.</p> - -<p>I had run to a great distance from the river. It cost me a long<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> -ride on the buffalo path before I saw from the ridge of a sand-hill -the pale surface of the Platte glistening in the midst of its desert -valleys, and the faint outline of the hills beyond waving along the -sky. From where I stood, not a tree nor a bush nor a living thing -was visible throughout the whole extent of the sun-scorched landscape. -In half an hour I came upon the trail, not far from the -river; and seeing that the party had not yet passed, I turned eastward -to meet them, old Pontiac’s long, swinging trot again assuring -me that I was right in doing so. Having been slightly ill on -leaving camp in the morning, six or seven hours of rough riding -had fatigued me extremely. I soon stopped, therefore; flung my -saddle on the ground, and with my head resting on it, and my -horse’s trail-rope tied loosely to my arm, lay waiting the arrival -of the party, speculating meanwhile on the extent of the injuries -Pontiac had received. At length the white wagon coverings rose -from the verge of the plain. By a singular coincidence, almost -at the same moment two horsemen appeared coming down from -the hills. They were Shaw and Henry, who had searched for me -a while in the morning, but well knowing the futility of the attempt -in such a broken country, had placed themselves on the top of -the highest hill they could find, and picketing their horses near -them, as a signal to me, had lain down and fallen asleep.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biographical and Historical Note.</b> Francis Parkman (1823-1893) was -an American writer, born in Boston, where his father was a well-known -clergyman. At the age of eight years he went to live with his grandfather -on a wild tract of land near Boston, and there developed the fondness for -outdoor life which is shown in all his writings. Parkman was graduated from -Harvard College in 1844, and from the Harvard Law School two years later, -but he never practiced law. The journey related in his book, <cite>The Oregon -Trail</cite>, from which “The Buffalo” is taken, was made immediately after -Parkman completed his law studies. His purpose was to gain an intimate -knowledge of Indian life. From the Missouri River two great overland -routes led across the country to the Pacific. One, the Santa Fe trail, carried -a large overland trade with northern Mexico and southern California; -the other, the Oregon trail, was commonly used by emigrants on their way -to the northwest coast. Parkman’s journey occupied about five months.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> -He left Boston in April, 1846, accompanied by Quincy Adams Shaw, a -relative, and went first to St. Louis, the trip by railroad, steamboat, and -stage requiring about two weeks. Here they engaged two guides and procured -an outfit, including a supply of presents for the Indians. After eight -days on a river steamboat they arrived at Independence, Missouri, where -the land journey began.</p> - -<p>In a newspaper item of March tenth, 1919, the following appeared: -“For the first time in half a century bisons are on sale in Omaha. A herd of -thirty-three, raised on a Colorado ranch, arrived at the stock yards yesterday. -The meat will sell for around $1.00 a pound.”</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Locate on a map the Platte River and the region mentioned -in the story. 2. What picture do you see as you read the fourth paragraph? -3. Briefly relate the incident of the first afternoon’s hunting trip. -4. What objections to traveling with emigrants did the party find? 5. What -do you learn of prairie animals from this story? 6. Read the description -of the prairie dog found on page 12; why is this description a good one? -7. What insects that differ from those found farther east does the author -mention? 8. Point out lines that show Parkman to be excellent in description. -9. Compare travel at the time the author made this trip with travel at -the present time. 10. Pronounce the following: alternately; minute; -reptile; patriarch; inextricably; ally; robust; squalid; pumpkin; lolled; -applicable; vehemently; buttes; gorges; circuit.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases1"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<p class="center">(<i>The numbers in heavy type refer to pages; numbers in light type to lines.</i>)</p> - -<p class="transnote">Transcriber’s Note: This notation has not been reproduced in this -e-text. The first number refers to the page, the second to the line. -Links are provided to each phrase.</p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref1">exaggerated appreciation, 1, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref2">attentively scrutinized, 2, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref3">in his wake, 2, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref4">issued on the prairie, 2, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref5">gashed with numberless ravines, 2, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref6">doubly wild, 2, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref7">to windward, 2, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref8">Indian file, 3, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref9">worming his way, 3, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref10">science of a connoisseur, 3, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref11">overcame his scruples, 3, 35</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref12">more eligible portions, 3, 35</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref13">in the teeth of the sleet, 4, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref14">collapsed in proportion, 4, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref15">transatlantic sources, 4, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref16">an unbounded aversion, 5, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref17">to “run” a buffalo, 5, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref18">I shall “approach,” 5, 29</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref19">staggered at the suggestion, 5, 32</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref20">characteristic indecision, 5, 32</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref21"><i lang="fr">bourgeois</i> of Fort Laramie, 6, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref22">rawboned proportions, 6, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref23">assimilating themselves, 6, 35</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref24">involved in the shallows, 7, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref25">disproportioned and appalling, 7, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref26">breasting the hill, 7, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref27">hold the middle guard, 7, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref28">reaped the fruits, 8, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref29">precious plan, 8, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref30">wholesome law of the prairie, 8, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref31">such an apprehension, 9, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref32">drew our saddle-girths, 9, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref33">laboring with a weary gallop, 10, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref34">dint of much effort, 10, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref35">high time, 11, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref36">supplicating attitude, 12, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref37">rightful inhabitants, 12, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref38">vast congregation, 12, 26</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span></p> - -<h4>OLD EPHRAIM, THE GRIZZLY BEAR</h4> - -<p class="author">THEODORE ROOSEVELT</p> - -<h5>VARIETIES OF BEAR</h5> - -<p>The king of the game beasts of temperate North America, -because the most dangerous to the hunter, is the grizzly bear; -known to the few remaining old-time trappers of the Rockies and -the Great Plains, sometimes as “Old Ephraim” and sometimes -as “Moccasin Joe”—the last in allusion to his queer, half-human -footprints, which look as if made by some misshapen giant, -walking in moccasins.</p> - -<p>Bear vary greatly in size and color, no less than in temper -and habits. Old hunters speak much of them in their endless -talks over the camp-fires and in the snow-bound winter huts. -They insist on many species; not merely the black and the grizzly, -but the brown, the cinnamon, the gray, the silver-tip, and others -with names known only in certain localities, such as the range -bear, the roach-back, and the smut-face. But, in spite of <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref39">popular -opinion</a> to the contrary, most old hunters are very untrustworthy -in dealing with points of <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref40">natural history</a>. They usually know -only so much about any given game animal as will enable them -to kill it. They study its habits solely with this end in view; -and once slain they only examine it to see about its condition and -fur. With rare exceptions they are quite incapable of passing -judgment upon questions of <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref41">specific identity</a> or difference. When -questioned, they not only advance perfectly impossible theories -and facts in support of their views, but they rarely even agree as -to the views themselves. One hunter will assert that the true -grizzly is only found in California, heedless of the fact that the -name was first used by Lewis and Clark as one of the titles they -applied to the large bears of the plains country round the Upper -Missouri, a quarter of a century before the California grizzly was -known to fame. Another hunter will call any big brindled bear -a grizzly no matter where it is found; and he and his companions<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> -will dispute by the hour as to whether a bear of large, but not -extreme, size is a grizzly or a silver-tip. In Oregon the cinnamon -bear is a phase of the small black bear; in Montana it is the -plains variety of the large mountain silver-tip. I have myself -seen the skins of two bears killed on the upper waters of Tongue -River; one was that of a male, one of a female, and they had -evidently just mated; yet one was distinctly a “silver-tip” and -the other a “cinnamon.” The skin of one very big bear which I -killed in the Bighorn has proved a <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref42">standing puzzle</a> to almost all -the old hunters to whom I have shown it; rarely do any two of -them agree as to whether it is a grizzly, a silver-tip, a cinnamon, -or a “smut-face.” Any bear with unusually long hair on the -spine and shoulders, especially if killed in the spring, when the -fur is shaggy, is forthwith dubbed a “roach-back.” The average -sporting writer, moreover, joins with the more imaginative members -of the “old hunter” variety in ascribing wildly various traits -to these different bears. One comments on the <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref43">superior prowess</a> -of the roach-back; the explanation being that a bear in early -spring is apt to be ravenous from hunger. The next insists that -the California grizzly is the only really dangerous bear; while -another <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref44">stoutly maintains</a> that it does not compare in ferocity -with what he calls the “smaller” silver-tip or cinnamon. And -so on, and so on, without end. All of which is mere nonsense.</p> - -<p>Nevertheless, it is no easy task to determine how many species -or varieties of bear actually do exist in the United States, and I -cannot even say without doubt that a very large set of skins and -skulls would not show a nearly complete intergradation between -the most <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref45">widely separated individuals</a>. However, there are certainly -two very distinct types, which differ almost as widely from -each other as a wapiti does from a mule deer, and which exist in -the same localities in most heavily timbered portions of the -Rockies. One is the small black bear, a bear which will average -about two hundred pounds weight, with fine, glossy, black fur, -and the foreclaws but little longer than the hinder ones; in fact, -the hairs of the forepaw often reach to their tips. This bear is a -tree climber. It is the only kind found east of the great plains, -and it is also plentiful in the forest-clad portions of the Rockies,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> -being common in most heavily timbered tracts throughout the -United States. The other is the grizzly, which weighs three or -four times as much as the black, and has a pelt of coarse hair, -which is in color gray, grizzled, or brown of various shades. It -is not a tree climber, and the foreclaws are very long, much longer -than the hinder ones. It is found from the great plains west of -the Mississippi to the Pacific coast. This bear <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref46">inhabits indifferently</a> -lowland and mountain; the deep woods and the barren -plains where the only cover is the stunted growth fringing the -streams. These two types are very distinct in every way, and -their differences are not at all dependent upon mere geographical -considerations; for they are often found in the same district. -Thus I found them both in the Bighorn Mountains, each type -being <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref47">in extreme form</a>, while the specimens I shot showed no -trace of intergradation. The huge, grizzled, long-clawed beast, -and its little, glossy-coated, short-clawed, tree-climbing brother -roamed over exactly the same country in those mountains; but -they were as distinct in habits, and mixed as little together as -moose and caribou.</p> - -<p>On the other hand, when a sufficient number of bears from -widely separated regions are examined, the various distinguishing -marks are found to be inconstant and to show a tendency—exactly -how strong I cannot say—to fade into one another. The -differentiation of the two species seems to be as yet scarcely completed; -there are more or less <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref48">imperfect connecting links</a>, and as -regards the grizzly it almost seems as if the specific characters were -still unstable. In the far Northwest, in the basin of the Columbia, -the “black” bear is as often brown as any other color; and I have -seen the skins of two cubs, one black and one brown, which were -shot when following the same dam. When these brown bears -have coarser hair than usual their skins are with difficulty to be -distinguished from those of certain varieties of the grizzly. Moreover, -all bears vary greatly in size; and I have seen the bodies -of very large black or brown bears with short foreclaws which -were fully as heavy as, or perhaps heavier than, some small but -full-grown grizzlies with long foreclaws. These very large bears -with short claws are very reluctant to climb a tree; and are<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> -almost as clumsy about it as is a young grizzly. Among the grizzlies -the fur varies much in color and texture even among bears of -the same locality; it is of course richest in the deep forest, while -the bears of the dry plains and mountains are of a lighter, more -washed-out hue.</p> - -<p>A full-grown grizzly will usually weigh from five to seven hundred -pounds; but exceptional individuals undoubtedly reach more -than twelve hundredweight. The California bears are said to be -much the largest. This I think is so, but I cannot say it with -certainty—at any rate, I have examined several skins of full-grown -Californian bears which were no larger than those of many -I have seen from the northern Rockies. The Alaskan bears, particularly -those of the peninsula, are even bigger beasts; the skin -of one which I saw in the possession of Mr. Webster, the taxidermist, -was a good deal larger than the average polar bear skin; -and the animal when alive, if in good condition, could hardly -have weighed less than 1400 pounds. Bears vary wonderfully -in weight, even to the extent of becoming half as heavy again, -according as they are fat or lean; in this respect they are more -like hogs than like any other animals.</p> - -<h5>HABITS OF BEAR</h5> - -<p>The grizzly is now chiefly a beast of the high hills and heavy -timber; but this is merely because he has learned that he must -<a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref49">rely on cover</a> to guard him from man, and has forsaken the open -ground accordingly. In old days, and in one or two very out-of-the-way -places almost to the present time, he wandered at will -over the plains. It is only the <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref50">wariness born of fear</a> which nowadays -causes him to cling to the thick brush of the large river -bottoms throughout the plains country. When there were no -rifle-bearing hunters in the land, to harass him and make him -afraid, he roved hither and thither at will, in burly self-confidence. -Then he cared little for cover, unless as a weather-break, -or because it happened to contain food he liked. If the humor -seized him he would roam for days over the rolling or broken -prairie, searching for roots, digging up gophers, or perhaps following -the great buffalo herds either to prey on some unwary<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> -straggler which he was able to catch at a disadvantage in a washout, -or else to feast on the carcasses of those which died by accident. -Old hunters, survivors of the long-vanished ages when -the vast herds thronged the high plains and were followed by -the wild red tribes, and by bands of whites who were scarcely -less savage, have told me that they often met bears under such -circumstances; and these bears were accustomed to sleep in a -patch of rank sage bush, in the niche of a washout, or under the -<a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref51">lee of a bowlder</a>, seeking their food abroad even in full daylight. -The bears of the Upper Missouri basin—which were so light in -color that the early explorers often alluded to them as gray or -even as “white”—were particularly given to this life in the open. -To this day that close kinsman of the grizzly known as the bear -of the barren grounds continues to lead this same kind of life, in -the far north. My friend, Mr. Rockhill, of Maryland, who was -the first white man to explore eastern Tibet, describes the large -grizzly-like bear of those desolate uplands as having similar habits.</p> - -<p>However, the grizzly is a shrewd beast and shows the usual -bear-like capacity for adapting himself to changed conditions. -He has in most places become a cover-haunting animal, sly in his -ways, <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref52">wary to a degree</a>, and clinging to the shelter of the deepest -forests in the mountains and of the most tangled thickets in the -plains. Hence he has <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref53">held his own</a> far better than such game as -the bison and elk. He is much less common than formerly, but -he is still to be found throughout most of his former range; save, -of course, in the immediate neighborhood of the large towns.</p> - -<p>In most places the grizzly hibernates, or, as old hunters say, -“holes up,” during the cold season, precisely as does the black -bear; but, as with the latter species, those animals which live -farthest south spend the whole year abroad in mild seasons. The -grizzly rarely chooses that favorite den of his little black brother, -a hollow tree or log, for his winter sleep, seeking or making some -cavernous hole in the ground instead. The hole is sometimes in -a slight hillock in a river bottom, but more often on a hill-side, -and may be either shallow or deep. In the mountains it is generally -a natural cave in the rock, but among the foot-hills and on -the plains the bear usually has to take some hollow or opening,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> -and then fashion it into a burrow to his liking with his big digging -claws.</p> - -<p>Before the cold weather sets in, the bear begins to grow restless, -and to roam about seeking for a good place in which to hole -up. One will often try and abandon several caves or partially -dug-out burrows in succession before finding a place to its taste. -It always endeavors to choose a spot where there is little chance -of discovery or molestation, taking great care to avoid leaving -too evident trace of its work. Hence it is not often that the -dens are found.</p> - -<p>Once in its den the bear passes the cold months in lethargic -sleep; yet, in all but the coldest weather, and sometimes even -then, its slumber is but light, and if disturbed it will promptly -leave its den, prepared for fight or flight as the occasion may -require. Many times when a hunter has stumbled on the winter -resting-place of a bear and has left it, as he thought, without his -presence being discovered, he has returned only to find that the -crafty old fellow was aware of the danger all the time, and -sneaked off as soon as the coast was clear. But in very cold -weather hibernating bears can hardly be wakened from their -torpid lethargy.</p> - -<p>The length of time a bear stays in its den depends of course -upon the severity of the season and the latitude and altitude of -the country.</p> - -<p>When the bear first leaves its den the fur is in very fine order, -but it speedily becomes thin and poor, and does not recover its -condition until the fall. Sometimes the bear does not betray any -great hunger for a few days after its appearance; but in a short -while it becomes ravenous. During the early spring, when the -woods are still entirely barren and lifeless, while the snow yet -lies in deep drifts, the lean, hungry brute, both maddened and -weakened by long fasting, is more of a flesh eater than at any -other time. It is at this period that it is most apt to turn true -beast of prey, and show its prowess either at the expense of the -wild game, or of the flocks of the settler and the herds of the -ranchman. Bears are very capricious in this respect, however. -Some are confirmed game and cattle killers; others are not; while<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> -yet others either are or are not, accordingly as the freak seizes -them, and their ravages vary almost unaccountably, both with -the season and the locality.</p> - -<h5>AN EXCITING BEAR HUNT</h5> - -<p>I spent much of the fall of 1889 hunting on the head-waters -of the Salmon and Snake in Idaho, and along the Montana boundary -line from the Big Hole Basin and the head of the Wisdom -River to the neighborhood of Red Rock Pass and to the north -and west of Henry’s Lake. During the last fortnight my companion -was the old mountain man named Griffeth or Griffin—I -cannot tell which, as he was always called either “Hank” or -“Griff.” He was a <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref54">crabbedly honest</a> old fellow, and a very skillful -hunter; but he was worn out with age and rheumatism, and his -temper had failed even faster than his bodily strength. He -showed me a greater variety of game than I had ever seen before -in so short a time; nor did I ever before or after make so successful -a hunt. But he was an exceedingly disagreeable companion -on account of his surly, moody ways. I generally had to get up -first, to kindle the fire and make ready breakfast, and he was -very quarrelsome. Finally, during my absence from camp one -day, while not very far from Red Rock Pass, he found my -whiskey-flask, which I kept purely for emergencies, and drank all -the contents. When I came back he was quite drunk. This was -unbearable, and after some high words I left him, and struck off -homeward through the woods on my own account. We had with -us four pack and saddle horses; and of these I took a very intelligent -and gentle little bronco mare, which possessed the invaluable -trait of always staying near camp, even when not hobbled. I -was not hampered with much of an outfit, having only my buffalo -sleeping-bag, a fur coat, and my washing-kit, with a couple of -spare pairs of socks and some handkerchiefs. A frying-pan, -some salt, flour, baking-powder, a small chunk of salt pork, and -a hatchet made up a light pack, which, with the bedding, I fastened -across the stock saddle by means of a rope and a spare -packing cinch. My cartridges and knife were in my belt; my -compass and matches, as always, in my pocket. I walked, while<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> -the little mare followed almost like a dog, often without my -having to hold the lariat which served as halter.</p> - -<p>The country was for the most part fairly open, as I kept near -the foot-hills where glades and little prairies broke the pine forest. -The trees were of small size. There was no regular trail, but the -course was easy to keep, and I had no trouble of any kind save -on the second day. That afternoon I was following a stream -which at last “canyoned up”—that is, sank to the bottom of a -canyon-like ravine impassable for a horse. I started up a side -valley, intending to cross from its head coulies to those of another -valley which would lead in below the canyon.</p> - -<p>However, I got enmeshed in the tangle of winding valleys at -the foot of the steep mountains, and as dusk was coming on I -halted and camped in a little open spot by the side of a small, -noisy brook, with crystal water. The place was carpeted with -soft, wet, green moss, dotted red with the kinnikinnic berries, -and at its edge, under the trees where the ground was dry, I threw -down the buffalo bed on the mat of sweet-smelling pine needles. -Making camp took but a moment. I opened the pack, tossed the -bedding on a smooth spot, knee-haltered the little mare, dragged -up a few dry logs, and then strolled off, rifle on shoulder, through -the frosty gloaming, to see if I could pick up a grouse for supper.</p> - -<p>For half a mile I walked quickly and silently over the pine -needles, across a succession of slight ridges separated by narrow, -shallow valleys. The forest here was composed of lodge-pole -pines, which on the ridges grew close together, with tall slender -trunks, while in the valleys the growth was more open. Though -the sun was behind the mountains there was yet plenty of light -by which to shoot, but it was fading rapidly.</p> - -<p>At last, as I was thinking of turning toward camp, I stole up -to the crest of one of the ridges, and looked over into the valley -some sixty yards off. Immediately I caught the loom of some -large, dark object; and another glance showed me a big grizzly -walking slowly off with his head down. He was <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref55">quartering to -me</a>, and I fired into his flank, the bullet, as I afterward found, -ranging forward and piercing one lung. At the shot he uttered a -loud, moaning grunt and plunged forward at a heavy gallop, while<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> -I raced obliquely down the hill to cut him off. After going a few -hundred feet he reached a laurel thicket, some thirty yards broad, -and two or three times as long, which he did not leave. I ran up -to the edge and there halted, not liking to venture into the mass -of twisted, close-growing stems and glossy foliage. Moreover, as -I halted, I heard him utter a peculiar, savage kind of whine from -the heart of the brush. Accordingly, I began to skirt the edge, -standing on tiptoe and gazing earnestly to see if I could not catch -a glimpse of his hide. When I was at the narrowest part of the -thicket, he suddenly left it directly opposite, and then wheeled -and stood broadside to me on the hill-side, a little above. He -turned his head stiffly toward me; scarlet strings of froth hung -from his lips; his eyes burned like embers in the gloom.</p> - -<p>I held true, aiming behind the shoulder, and my bullet shattered -the point or lower end of his heart, taking out a big nick. -Instantly the great bear turned with a harsh roar of fury and -challenge, blowing the bloody foam from his mouth, so that I saw -the gleam of his white fangs; and then he charged straight at me, -crashing and bounding through the laurel bushes, so that it was -hard to aim. I waited until he came to a fallen tree, raking him -as he topped it with a ball which entered his chest and went -through the cavity of his body, but he neither swerved nor -flinched, and at the moment I did not know that I had struck him. -He came steadily on, and in another second was almost upon -me. I fired for his forehead, but my bullet went low, entering his -open mouth, smashing his lower jaw and going into the neck. I -leaped to one side almost as I pulled trigger; and through the -hanging smoke the first thing I saw was his paw as he made a -vicious side blow at me. The rush of his charge carried him -past. As he struck he lurched forward, leaving a pool of bright -blood where his muzzle hit the ground; but he recovered himself -and made two or three jumps onward, while I hurriedly jammed -a couple of cartridges into the magazine, my rifle holding only -four, all of which I had fired. Then he tried to pull up, but as -he did so his muscles seemed suddenly to give way, his head -drooped, and he rolled over and over like a shot rabbit. Each -of my first three bullets had inflicted a mortal wound.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span></p> - -<p>It was already twilight, and I merely opened the carcass, and -then trotted back to camp. Next morning I returned and with -much labor took off the skin. The fur was very fine, the animal -being in excellent trim, and unusually bright-colored. Unfortunately, -in packing it out I lost the skull, and had to supply its -place with one of plaster. The beauty of the trophy, and the -memory of the circumstances under which I procured it, make -me value it perhaps more highly than any other in my house.</p> - -<p>This is the only instance in which I have been regularly -charged by a grizzly. On the whole, the danger of hunting these -great bears has been much exaggerated. At the beginning of the -present century, when white hunters first encountered the grizzly, -he was doubtless an exceedingly savage beast, prone to attack -without provocation, and a redoubtable foe to persons armed -with the clumsy, small-bore, muzzle-loading rifles of the day. -But at present, bitter experience has taught him caution. He has -been hunted for sport, and hunted for his pelt, and <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref56">hunted for -the bounty</a>, and hunted as a dangerous enemy to stock, until, save -in the very wildest districts, he has learned to be more wary than -a deer, and to avoid man’s presence almost as carefully as the -most timid kind of game. Except in rare cases he will not attack -of his own accord, and, as a rule, even when wounded his object -is escape rather than battle.</p> - -<p>Still, when fairly <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref57">brought to bay</a>, or when moved by a sudden -fit of ungovernable anger, the grizzly is <a href="#phrases2" title="List of phrases" id="ref58">beyond peradventure</a> a -very dangerous antagonist. The first shot, if taken at a bear a -good distance off and previously unwounded and unharried, is not -usually fraught with much danger, the startled animal being at -the outset bent merely on flight. It is always hazardous, however, -to track a wounded and worried grizzly into thick cover, -and the man who habitually follows and kills this chief of American -game in dense timber, never abandoning the bloody trail -whithersoever it leads, must show no small degree of skill and -hardihood, and must not too closely count the risk to life or limb. -Bears differ widely in temper, and occasionally one may be found -who will not show fight, no matter how much he is bullied; but, -as a rule, a hunter must be cautious in meddling with a wounded<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> -animal which has retreated into a dense thicket, and has been -once or twice roused; and such a beast, when it does turn, will -usually charge again and again, and fight to the last with unconquerable -ferocity. The short distance at which the bear can -be seen through the underbrush, the fury of its charge, and its -tenacity of life make it necessary for the hunter on such occasions -to have steady nerves and a fairly quick and accurate aim. -It is always well to have two men in following a wounded bear -under such conditions. This is not necessary, however, and a -good hunter, rather than lose his quarry, will, under ordinary circumstances, -follow and attack it, no matter how tangled the fastness -in which it has sought refuge; but he must act warily and -with the utmost caution and resolution, if he wishes to escape a -terrible and probably fatal mauling. An experienced hunter is -rarely rash, and never heedless; he will not, when alone, follow -a wounded bear into a thicket, if by the exercise of patience, skill, -and knowledge of the game’s habits he can avoid the necessity; -but it is idle to talk of the feat as something which ought in no -case to be attempted. While danger ought never to be needlessly -incurred, it is yet true that the keenest zest in sport comes from -its presence, and from the consequent exercise of the qualities -necessary to overcome it. The most thrilling moments of an -American hunter’s life are those in which, with every sense on -the alert, and with nerves strung to the highest point, he is following -alone into the heart of its forest fastness the fresh and -bloody footprints of an angered grizzly; and no other triumph of -American hunting can compare with the victory to be thus gained.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), twenty-sixth President -of the United States, was born in New York City. As a boy he was of -frail physique, but overcame this handicap by systematic exercise and outdoor -life. He was always interested in natural history, and at the age of -fourteen, when he accompanied his father on a tour up the Nile, he made -a collection of the Egyptian birds to be found in the Nile valley. This -collection is now in the Smithsonian Museum, Washington, D. C. In 1884, -Roosevelt bought two cattle ranches near Medora, in North Dakota, -where for two years he lived and entered actively into western life and spirit.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span></p> - -<p>In 1909, at the close of his presidency, he conducted an expedition to -Africa, to make a collection of tropical animals and plants. Expert naturalists -accompanied the party, which remained in the wilderness for a year, -and returned with a collection which scientists pronounce of unusual value -for students of natural history. Most of the specimens are now in the -Smithsonian Museum. Some of the books in which he has recorded his -hunting experiences are: <cite>African Game Trails</cite>, <cite>The Deer Family</cite>, and <cite>The -Wilderness Hunter</cite>, from which “Old Ephraim, the Grizzly Bear” is taken.</p> - -<p>Mr. Roosevelt’s last work as an explorer was his journey to South -America. On this journey he penetrated wildernesses rarely explored by -white men, and made many discoveries in the field of South American -animal and vegetable life and in geography.</p> - -<p>The vigorous personality of this great American found expression not -only in the life of men and their political and social relations, but also in his -love of the great outdoors and the unbeaten tracks where life is an -adventure, primitive in surroundings, such a life as was lived by Sir Walter -Raleigh and other great seamen and explorers who were not content with -the tameness of the commonplace.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. By what characteristics may the grizzly generally be distinguished -from the black bear? 2. Which of these characteristics is most -fixed? 3. What change has taken place in the habits of the North American -grizzly? 4. Account for this change. 5. Locate the region in which -the author was hunting at the time of the adventure he narrates. 6. Describe -his outfit and tell what must be considered in providing such a -hunting outfit. 7. What moments in the encounter with the grizzly were -most exciting and dangerous? 8. What qualities must a hunter of such -game possess? 9. What conclusions does the author give as a result of his -experience in hunting “this chief of American game”? 10. What impression -of the author do you gain from this story? 11. Pronounce: species; -wariness; harass; lethargic; capricious; canyon; obliquely; severity; misshapen.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases2"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref39">popular opinion, 15, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref40">natural history, 15, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref41">specific identity, 15, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref42">standing puzzle, 16, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref43">superior prowess, 16, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref44">stoutly maintains, 16, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref45">widely separated individuals, 16, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref46">inhabits indifferently, 17, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref47">in extreme form, 17, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref48">imperfect connecting links, 17, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref49">rely on cover, 18, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref50">wariness born of fear, 18, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref51">lee of a bowlder, 19, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref52">wary to a degree, 19, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref53">held his own, 19, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref54">crabbedly honest, 21, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref55">quartering to me, 22, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref56">hunted for the bounty, 24, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref57">brought to bay, 24, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref58">beyond peradventure, 24, 25</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span></p> - -<h4>MOTI GUJ—MUTINEER</h4> - -<p class="author">RUDYARD KIPLING</p> - -<h5>DEESA’S PLAN FOR A VACATION</h5> - -<p>Once upon a time there was a coffee-planter in India who -wished to clear some forest land for coffee-planting. When he -had cut down all the trees and burned the underwood, the stumps -still remained. Dynamite is expensive and slow fire slow. The -<a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref59">happy medium</a> for stump-clearing is the lord of all beasts, who is -the elephant. He will either push the stump out of the ground -with his tusks, if he has any, or drag it out with ropes. The -planter, therefore, hired elephants by ones and twos and threes, -and fell to work. The very best of all the elephants belonged to -the very worst of all the drivers or mahouts; and this superior -beast’s name was Moti Guj. He was the <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref60">absolute property</a> of his -mahout, which would never have been <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref61">the case under native rule</a>: -for Moti Guj was a creature to be desired by kings, and his name, -being translated, meant the Pearl Elephant. Because the British -government was in the land, Deesa, the mahout, enjoyed his -property undisturbed. He was dissipated. When he had made -much money through the strength of his elephant, he would get -extremely drunk and give Moti Guj a beating with a tent-peg -over the tender nails of the forefeet. Moti Guj never trampled -the life out of Deesa on these occasions, for he knew that after -the beating was over, Deesa would embrace his trunk and weep -and call him his love and his life and the <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref62">liver of his soul</a>, and -give him some liquor. Moti Guj was very fond of liquor—arrack -for choice, though he would drink palm-tree toddy if nothing -better offered. Then Deesa would go to sleep between Moti Guj’s -forefeet, and as Deesa generally chose the middle of the public -road, and as Moti Guj mounted guard over him, and would not -permit horse, foot, or cart to pass by, traffic was congested till -Deesa saw fit to wake up.</p> - -<p>There was no sleeping in the daytime on the planter’s clearing:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> -the wages were too high to risk. Deesa sat on Moti Guj’s -neck and gave him orders, while Moti Guj rooted up the stumps—for -he owned a magnificent pair of tusks; or pulled at the end -of a rope—for he had a magnificent pair of shoulders—while -Deesa kicked him behind the ears and said he was the king of -elephants. At evening time Moti Guj would wash down his three -hundred pounds’ weight of green food with a quart of arrack, -and Deesa would take a share, and sing songs between Moti -Guj’s legs till it was time to go to bed. Once a week Deesa led -Moti Guj down to the river, and Moti Guj lay on his side luxuriously -in the shallows, while Deesa went over him with a coir-swab -and a brick. Moti Guj never mistook the pounding blow of -the latter for the smack of the former that warned him to get up -and turn over on the other side. Then Deesa would look at his -feet and examine his eyes, and turn up the fringes of his mighty -ears in case of sores or budding ophthalmia. After inspection the -two would “come up with a song from the sea,” Moti Guj, all -black and shining, weaving a torn tree branch twelve feet long in -his trunk, and Deesa knotting up his own long wet hair.</p> - -<p>It was a peaceful, well-paid life till Deesa felt the return of -the desire to drink deep. He wished for an orgy. The little -<a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref63">draughts that led nowhere</a> were taking the manhood out of him.</p> - -<p>He went to the planter, and “My mother’s dead,” said he, -weeping.</p> - -<p>“She died on the last plantation two months ago, and she died -once before that when you were working for me last year,” said -the planter, who knew something of the <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref64">ways of nativedom</a>.</p> - -<p>“Then it’s my aunt, and she was just the same as a mother to -me,” said Deesa, weeping more than ever. “She has left eighteen -small children entirely without bread, and it is I who must fill -their little stomachs,” said Deesa, beating his head on the floor.</p> - -<p>“Who brought you the news?” said the planter.</p> - -<p>“The post,” said Deesa.</p> - -<p>“There hasn’t been a post here for the past week. Get back to -your lines!”</p> - -<p>“A devastating sickness has fallen on my village, and all my -wives are dying,” yelled Deesa, really in tears this time.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Call Chihun, who comes from Deesa’s village,” said the -planter. “Chihun, has this man got a wife?”</p> - -<p>“He?” said Chihun. “No. Not a woman of our village would -look at him. They’d sooner marry the elephant.”</p> - -<p>Chihun snorted. Deesa wept and bellowed.</p> - -<p>“You will get into a difficulty in a minute,” said the planter. -“Go back to your work!”</p> - -<p>“Now I will speak Heaven’s truth,” gulped Deesa, <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref65">with an -inspiration</a>. “I haven’t been drunk for two months. I desire to -depart in order to get properly drunk afar off and distant from -this heavenly plantation. Thus I shall cause no trouble.”</p> - -<p>A flickering smile crossed the planter’s face. “Deesa,” said -he, “you’ve spoken the truth, and I’d give you leave on the spot -if anything could be done with Moti Guj while you’re away. You -know that he will only obey your orders.”</p> - -<p>“May the light of the heavens live forty thousand years. I -shall be absent but ten little days. After that, upon my faith -and honor and soul, I return. As to the <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref66">inconsiderable interval</a>, -have I the gracious permission of the heaven-born to call up -Moti Guj?”</p> - -<p>Permission was granted, and in answer to Deesa’s shrill yell, -the <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref67">mighty tusker</a> swung out of the shade of a clump of trees -where he had been squirting dust over himself till his master -should return.</p> - -<p>“Light of my heart, protector of the drunken, mountain of -might, give ear!” said Deesa, standing in front of him.</p> - -<p>Moti Guj gave ear, and saluted with his trunk. “I am going -away,” said Deesa.</p> - -<p>Moti Guj’s eyes twinkled. He liked jaunts as well as his -master. One could snatch all manner of nice things from the -road-side then.</p> - -<p>“But you, you fussy old pig, must stay behind and work.”</p> - -<p>The twinkle died out as Moti Guj tried to look delighted. He -hated stump-hauling on the plantation. It hurt his teeth.</p> - -<p>“I shall be gone for ten days, oh, delectable one! Hold up -your near forefoot and I’ll impress the fact upon it, warty toad -of a dried mud-puddle.” Deesa took a tent-peg and banged<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> -Moti Guj ten times on the nails. Moti Guj grunted and shuffled -from foot to foot.</p> - -<p>“Ten days,” said Deesa, “you will work and haul and root the -trees as Chihun here shall order you. Take up Chihun and set -him on your neck!” Moti Guj curled the tip of his trunk, Chihun -put his foot there, and was swung on to the neck. Deesa handed -Chihun the heavy <i lang="sa">ankus</i>—the iron elephant goad.</p> - -<p>Chihun thumped Moti Guj’s bald head as a paver thumps a -curbstone.</p> - -<p>Moti Guj trumpeted.</p> - -<p>“Be still, hog of the backwoods! Chihun’s your mahout for -ten days. And now bid me good-by, beast after mine own heart. -Oh, my lord, my king! Jewel of all created elephants, lily of the -herd, preserve your honored health; be virtuous. Adieu!”</p> - -<p>Moti Guj lapped his trunk round Deesa and swung him into -the air twice. That was his way of bidding him good-by.</p> - -<p>“He’ll work now,” said Deesa to the planter. “Have I leave -to go?”</p> - -<p>The planter nodded, and Deesa dived into the woods. Moti -Guj went back to haul stumps.</p> - -<h5>THE MUTINY</h5> - -<p>Chihun was very kind to him, but he felt unhappy and forlorn -for all that. Chihun gave him a ball of spices, and tickled him -under the chin, and Chihun’s little baby cooed to him after work -was over, and Chihun’s wife called him a darling; but Moti Guj -was a bachelor by instinct, as Deesa was. He did not understand -the <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref68">domestic emotions</a>. He wanted the light of his universe back -again—the drink and the drunken slumber, the savage beatings -and the <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref69">savage caresses</a>.</p> - -<p>None the less he worked well, and the planter wondered. -Deesa had wandered along the roads till he met a marriage procession -<a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref70">of his own caste</a>, and, drinking, dancing, and tippling, had -drifted with it past all knowledge of the lapse of time.</p> - -<p>The morning of the eleventh day dawned, and there returned -no Deesa. Moti Guj was loosed from his ropes for -the daily stint. He swung clear, looked round, shrugged his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> -shoulders, and began to walk away, as one having business -elsewhere.</p> - -<p>“Hi! ho! Come back, you!” shouted Chihun. “Come back -and put me on your neck, misborn mountain! Return, splendor -of the hill-sides! <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref71">Adornment of all India</a>, heave to, or I’ll bang -every toe off your fat forefoot!”</p> - -<p>Moti Guj gurgled gently, but did not obey. Chihun ran after -him with a rope and caught him up. Moti Guj put his ears forward, -and Chihun knew what that meant, though he tried to carry -it off with high words.</p> - -<p>“None of your nonsense with me,” said he. “To your pickets, -devil-son!”</p> - -<p>“Hrrump!” said Moti Guj, and that was all—that and the -<a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref72">forebent ears</a>.</p> - -<p>Moti Guj put his hands in his pockets, chewed a branch for -a toothpick, and strolled about the clearing, making fun of the -other elephants who had just set to work.</p> - -<p>Chihun reported the state of affairs to the planter, who came -out with a dog-whip and cracked it furiously. Moti Guj paid -the white man the compliment of charging him nearly a quarter -of a mile across the clearing and “Hrrumphing” him into his -veranda. Then he stood outside the house, chuckling to himself -and shaking all over with the fun of it as an elephant will.</p> - -<p>“We’ll thrash him,” said the planter. “He shall have the -finest thrashing ever elephant received. Give Kala Nag and -Nazim twelve foot of chain apiece, and tell them to lay on -twenty.”</p> - -<p>Kala Nag—which means Black Snake—and Nazim were two -of the biggest elephants in the lines, and one of their duties was -to administer the graver punishment, since no man can beat an -elephant properly.</p> - -<p>They took the whipping-chains and rattled them in their -trunks as they sidled up to Moti Guj, meaning to hustle him between -them. Moti Guj had never, in all his life of thirty-nine -years, been whipped, and he did not intend to begin a new experience. -So he waited, waving his head from right to left, and -measuring the precise spot in Kala Nag’s fat side where a blunt<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> -tusk could sink deepest. Kala Nag had no tusks; the chain was -the <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref73">badge of his authority</a>; but for all that, he swung wide of -Moti Guj at the last minute, and tried to appear as if he had -brought the chain out for amusement. Nazim turned round and -went home early. He did not feel fighting fit that morning and -so Moti Guj was left standing alone with his ears cocked.</p> - -<p>That decided the planter to argue no more, and Moti Guj -rolled back to his <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref74">amateur inspection</a> of the clearing. An elephant -who will not work and is not tied up is about as manageable -as an eighty-one-ton gun loose in a heavy seaway. He -slapped old friends on the back and asked them if the stumps -were coming away easily; he talked nonsense concerning labor -and the <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref75">inalienable rights</a> of elephants to a long “nooning”; and, -wandering to and fro, he thoroughly demoralized the garden till -sundown, when he returned to his-picket for food.</p> - -<p>“If you won’t work, you shan’t eat,” said Chihun, angrily. -“You’re a wild elephant, and no educated animal at all. Go -back to your jungle.”</p> - -<p>Chihun’s little brown baby was rolling on the floor of the hut, -and stretching out its fat arms to the huge shadow in the doorway. -Moti Guj knew well that it was the dearest thing on earth to -Chihun. He swung out his trunk with a <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref76">fascinating crook</a> at -the end, and the brown baby threw itself, shouting, upon it. Moti -Guj made fast and pulled up till the brown baby was crowing in -the air twelve feet above his father’s head.</p> - -<p>“Great Lord!” said Chihun. “Flour cakes of the best, twelve -in number, two feet across and soaked in rum, shall be yours on -the instant, and two hundred pounds weight of fresh-cut young -sugar-cane therewith. Deign only to put down safely that insignificant -brat who is my heart and my life to me!”</p> - -<p>Moti Guj tucked the brown baby comfortably between his -forefeet, that could have knocked into toothpicks all Chihun’s -hut, and waited for his food. He ate it, and the brown baby -crawled away. Moti Guj dozed and thought of Deesa. One of -many mysteries connected with the elephant is that his huge body -needs less sleep than anything else that lives. Four or five hours -in the night suffice—two just before midnight, lying down on one<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span> -side; two just after one o’clock, lying down on the other. The -rest of the silent hours are filled with eating and fidgeting, and -long <a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref77">grumbling soliloquies</a>.</p> - -<p>At midnight, therefore, Moti Guj strode out of his pickets, for -a thought had come to him that Deesa might be lying drunk -somewhere in the dark forest with none to look after him. So all -that night he chased through the undergrowth, blowing and trumpeting -and shaking his ears. He went down to the river and -<a href="#phrases3" title="List of phrases" id="ref78">blared across the shallows</a> where Deesa used to wash him, but -there was no answer. He could not find Deesa, but he disturbed -all the other elephants in the lines, and nearly frightened to death -some gypsies in the woods.</p> - -<p>At dawn Deesa returned to the plantation. He had been very -drunk indeed, and he expected to get into trouble for outstaying -his leave. He drew a long breath when he saw that the bungalow -and the plantation were still uninjured, for he knew something -of Moti Guj’s temper, and reported himself with many -lies and salaams. Moti Guj had gone to his pickets for breakfast. -The night exercise had made him hungry.</p> - -<p>“Call up your beast,” said the planter; and Deesa shouted -in the mysterious elephant language that some mahouts believe -came from China at the birth of the world, when elephants and -not men were masters. Moti Guj heard and came. Elephants do -not gallop. They move from places at varying rates of speed. -If an elephant wished to catch an express train he could not gallop, -but he could catch the train. So Moti Guj was at the planter’s -door almost before Chihun noticed that he had left his pickets. -He fell into Deesa’s arms, trumpeting with joy, and the man and -beast wept and slobbered over each other, and handled each -other from head to heel to see that no harm had befallen.</p> - -<p>“Now we will get to work,” said Deesa. “Lift me up, my son -and my joy!”</p> - -<p>Moti Guj swung him up, and the two went to the coffee-clearing -to look for difficult stumps.</p> - -<p>The planter was too astonished to be very angry.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Rudyard Kipling (1865—) was born in Bombay, India, -of British parents. He was sent to England for most of his education, but -at the age of seventeen he returned to India to work as a journalist. Very -soon he began to write tales of the life about him, as well as poems dealing -with British civil officials and soldiers in India. By the time he was twenty-four -he had won fame with his <cite>Plain Tales from the Hills</cite> and other short -stories; and when he published <cite>Barrack Room Ballads</cite>, in 1892, he was -widely recognized as a great poet. From 1892 to 1896 he lived in the -United States. Perhaps he is best known to boys and girls as the author -of the <cite>Jungle Books</cite>. He is a master of the art of telling stories, either -in prose or verse. His ballads about the British soldier, “Tommy Atkins,” -and his experiences on the frontiers of civilization, have a ring and a -movement that suggests the old days when the ballad-maker was a man -of action, living the adventures that he celebrated in song.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Read all that tells you of the time and place in which -this mutiny occurred. 2. Read all that gives you a picture of life on the -clearing. 3. Who is the principal character in the story? 4. What caused -the mutiny? 5. What ended it? 6. What is the most interesting point in -the story? 7. Read parts that convince you that Kipling knows the characteristics -of the elephant. 8. Find instances where he exaggerates the -intelligence of the elephant, giving it human characteristics. 9. Does this -add to or take from the interest of the story? 10. Read parts in which -humor is shown in dialogue or incident. 11. Tell in your own words the -main incident. 12. What do you like about this story? 13. Tell what you -know of the author. 14. Pronounce the following: orgy; draughts; devastating; -amateur; deign.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases3"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref59">happy medium, 27, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref60">absolute property, 27, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref61">the case under native rule, 27, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref62">liver of his soul, 27, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref63">draughts that led nowhere, 28, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref64">ways of nativedom, 28, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref65">with an inspiration, 29, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref66">inconsiderable interval, 29, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref67">mighty tusker, 29, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref68">domestic emotions, 30, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref69">savage caresses, 30, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref70">of his own caste, 30, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref71">adornment of all India, 31, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref72">forebent ears, 31, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref73">badge of his authority, 32, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref74">amateur inspection, 32, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref75">inalienable rights, 32, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref76">fascinating crook, 32, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref77">grumbling soliloquies, 33, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref78">blared across the shallows, 33, 9</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE ELEPHANTS THAT STRUCK</h4> - -<p class="author">SAMUEL WHITE BAKER</p> - -<p>I remember an occasion many years ago when in Ceylon I, -in connection with my brother, had organized a scheme for the -development of a mountain sanitarium at Newera Ellia. We -had a couple of tame elephants employed in various works; but -it was necessary to obtain the assistance of the government stables -for the transport of very heavy machinery, which could not be -conveyed in the ordinary native carts. There were accordingly -a large number of elephant wagons drawn by their <a href="#phrases4" title="List of phrases" id="ref79">colossal teams</a>, -some of which required four elephants.</p> - -<p>It was the wet season upon the mountains. Our settlement -was 6200 feet above the sea, and the zigzag pass from Ramboddé, -at the base of the steep ascent, was fifteen miles in length. -The crest of the pass was 7000 feet in altitude, from which we -descended 800 feet to the Newera Ellia plain.</p> - -<p>The elephant wagons having arrived at Ramboddé from -Colombo, about 100 miles distant, commenced the heavy uphill -journey. The rain was unceasing, the roads were soft, and the -heavily laden wagons sank deeply in the ruts; but the elephants -were mighty beasts, and, laying their weight against the work, -they slowly dragged the vehicles up the yielding and narrow -way.</p> - -<p>The abrupt zigzags bothered the long wagons and their still -longer teams. The bridges over dangerous chasms <a href="#phrases4" title="List of phrases" id="ref80">entailed the -necessity</a> of unloading the heavier carts, and caused great delay. -Day after day passed away; but although the ascent was slow, -the wagons still moved upwards, and the region of everlasting -mist (at that season) was reached. Dense forests clothed the -mountain sides; the roar of waterfalls resounded in the depths of -black ravines; tangled bamboo grass crept upwards from the wet -soil into the lower branches of the moss-covered trees, and formed -a green curtain impenetrable to sight.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span></p> - -<p>The thermometer fell daily as the altitude increased. The -elephants began to sicken; two fine animals died. There was -plenty of food, as the bamboo grass was the <a href="#phrases4" title="List of phrases" id="ref81">natural provender</a>, -and in the carts was a good supply of paddy; but the elephants’ -<a href="#phrases4" title="List of phrases" id="ref82">intelligence was acting against</a> them—they had reasoned, and -had become despondent.</p> - -<p>For nine or ten days they had been exposed to ceaseless wet -and cold, dragging their unmanageable wagons up a road that -even in dry weather was insufficient to sustain the weight. The -wheels sank deep below the metal foundation, and became hopelessly -imbedded. Again and again the wagons had to be emptied -of their contents, and extra elephants were taken from other -carts and harnessed to the empty wagons, which were <a href="#phrases4" title="List of phrases" id="ref83">by sheer -weight</a> of animals dragged from the deep mire.</p> - -<p>Thus the time had passed, and the elephants had evidently -<a href="#phrases4" title="List of phrases" id="ref84">reasoned upon the situation</a>, and had concluded that there was -no summit to the mountain, and no end to the steep and horrible -ascent; it would be, therefore, useless to persevere in unavailing -efforts. They determined, under these heart-breaking circumstances, -to strike work; and they did strike.</p> - -<p>One morning a couple of the elephant drivers appeared at my -house in Newera Ellia, and described the situation. They declared -that it was absolutely impossible to induce the elephants -to work; they had given it up as a bad job!</p> - -<p>I immediately mounted my horse and rode up the pass, and -then descended the road upon the other side, timing the distance -by my watch. Rather under two miles from the summit I found -the road completely blocked with elephant carts and wagons; the -animals were grazing upon bamboo grass in the thick forest; the -rain was drizzling, and a thick mist increased the misery of the -scene. I ordered four elephants to be harnessed to a cart intended -for only one animal. This was quickly effected, and the drivers -were soon astride the animals’ necks, and prodded them with the -<a href="#phrases4" title="List of phrases" id="ref85">persuasive iron hooks</a>. Not an elephant would exert itself to -draw. In vain the drivers, with relentless cruelty, drove the iron -points deep into the poor brutes’ necks and heads, and used every -threat of their vocabulary; the only response was a kind of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> -“<a href="#phrases4" title="List of phrases" id="ref86">marking time</a>” on the part of the elephants, which simply moved -their legs mechanically up and down, and swung their trunks to -and fro; but none would pull or exert the slightest power, neither -did they move forward a single inch!</p> - -<p>I never saw such an instance of <a href="#phrases4" title="List of phrases" id="ref87">passive and determined obstinacy</a>; -the case was hopeless.</p> - -<p>An idea struck me. I ordered the drivers to detach the four -elephants from the harness, and to ride them thus unfettered up -the pass, following behind my horse. It appeared to me that if -the elephants were heart-broken, and in despair at the apparently -interminable mountain pass, it would be advisable to let them -know the actual truth, by showing them that they were hardly -two miles from the summit, where they would exchange their -uphill labor for a descent into Newera Ellia; they should then -have an extra feed, with plenty of jaggery (a coarse brown -sugar). If they passed an agreeable night, with the best of -food and warm quarters, they would possibly return on the following -day to their work, and with lighter hearts would put their -shoulders to the wheel, instead of yielding to a dogged attitude -of despair.</p> - -<p>The success of this ruse was perfect. The elephants accompanied -me to Newera Ellia, and were well fed and cared for. On -the following day we returned to the heavy work, and I myself -witnessed their start with the hitherto unyielding wagon. Not -only did they exert their full powers, and drag the lumbering -load straight up the fatiguing hill without the slightest hesitation, -but their example, or some <a href="#phrases4" title="List of phrases" id="ref88">unaccountable communication</a> between -them, appeared to give general encouragement. I employed the -most willing elephants as extras to each wagon, which they drew -to the summit of the pass, and then returned to assist the others—thus -completing what had been pronounced by the drivers as -utterly impossible. There can be no doubt that the elephants -had at once perceived the situation, and in consequence recovered -their lost courage.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Samuel White Baker (1821-1893) was an English engineer. -At the age of twenty-four he went to Ceylon, where he founded an agricultural -settlement. He soon became known as an explorer and a hunter of -big game. With his wife he explored the region of the Nile, and later -discovered the lake now called Albert Nyanza. His explorations in this -part of central Africa were a part of the thrilling story of the discovery of -the sources of the Nile, and of the opening of this region to civilization. -To know the complete story of these explorations you should read something -about Henry M. Stanley and David Livingstone. An interesting book -covering explorations in Africa is Bayard Taylor’s <cite>Central Africa</cite>.</p> - -<p>Upon his return to England, Baker was greatly honored. He was -knighted and sent to Egypt, where he was commissioned by the Khedive -to suppress the slave traffic and establish regular trade. Later he explored -and hunted in Cyprus, Syria, India, Japan, and the United States. He is -the author of <cite>Wild Beasts and Their Ways</cite>, <cite>The Rifle and the Hound in -Ceylon</cite>, and <cite>True Tales for My Grandsons</cite>, from which this selection was -taken.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Locate Ceylon on a map. 2. In what work were the -elephants engaged when they became discouraged? 3. Why was the climb -particularly difficult at this season? 4. What ruse was employed? 5. What -success attended the plan? 6. Pronounce: vehicles; chasm; ruse; fatiguing.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases4"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref79">colossal teams, 35, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref80">entailed the necessity, 35, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref81">natural provender, 36, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref82">intelligence was acting against, 36, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref83">by sheer weight, 36, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref84">reasoned upon the situation, 36, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref85">persuasive iron hooks, 36, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref86">marking time, 37, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref87">passive obstinacy, 37, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref88">unaccountable communication, 37, 27</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="BIRDS">BIRDS</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header2.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>ROBERT OF LINCOLN</h4> - -<p class="author">WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Merrily swinging on brier and weed,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Near to the nest of his little dame,</div> -<div class="verse">Over the mountain side or mead,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Robert of Lincoln is telling his name:</div> -<div class="verse indent2">“Bob-o’-link, bob-o’-link,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Spink, spank, spink;</div> -<div class="verse">Snug and safe is this nest of ours,</div> -<div class="verse">Hidden among the summer flowers,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Chee, chee, chee!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Robert of Lincoln is gayly dressed,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Wearing a bright, black wedding coat;</div> -<div class="verse">White are his shoulders, and white his crest,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Hear him call in his merry note:</div> -<div class="verse indent2">“Bob-o’-link, bob-o’-link,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Spink, spank, spink;</div> -<div class="verse">Look what a nice new coat is mine;</div> -<div class="verse">Sure, there was never a bird so fine.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Chee, chee, chee!”</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Robert of Lincoln’s Quaker wife,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Pretty and quiet, with plain brown wings,</div> -<div class="verse">Passing at home a patient life,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Broods in the grass while her husband sings:</div> -<div class="verse indent2">“Bob-o’-link, bob-o’-link,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Spink, spank, spink;</div> -<div class="verse">Brood, kind creature; you need not fear</div> -<div class="verse">Thieves and robbers while I am here.</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Chee, chee, chee!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Modest and shy as a nun is she;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">One weak chirp is her only note;</div> -<div class="verse">Braggart, and <a href="#phrases5" title="List of phrases" id="ref89">prince of braggarts</a> is he,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Pouring boasts from his little throat:</div> -<div class="verse indent2">“Bob-o’-link, bob-o’-link,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Spink, spank, spink;</div> -<div class="verse">Never was I afraid of man,</div> -<div class="verse">Catch me, cowardly knaves, if you can.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Chee, chee, chee!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Six white eggs on a bed of hay,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Flecked with purple, a pretty sight,</div> -<div class="verse">There, as the mother sits all day,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Robert is singing with all his might:</div> -<div class="verse indent2">“Bob-o’-link, bob-o’-link,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Spink, spank, spink;</div> -<div class="verse">Nice good wife that never goes out,</div> -<div class="verse">Keeping house while I frolic about.</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Chee, chee, chee!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Soon as the little ones <a href="#phrases5" title="List of phrases" id="ref90">chip the shell</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Six wide mouths are open for food;</div> -<div class="verse">Robert of Lincoln <a href="#phrases5" title="List of phrases" id="ref91">bestirs him well</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Gathering seeds for the hungry brood.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> -<div class="verse indent2">“Bob-o’-link, bob-o’-link,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Spink, spank, spink;</div> -<div class="verse">This new life is likely to be</div> -<div class="verse">Hard for a gay young fellow like me.</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Chee, chee, chee!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Robert of Lincoln at length is made</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Sober with work, and silent with care,</div> -<div class="verse">Off his holiday garment laid,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Half forgotten that merry air:</div> -<div class="verse indent2">“Bob-o’-link, bob-o’-link,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Spink, spank, spink;</div> -<div class="verse">Nobody knows but my mate and I,</div> -<div class="verse">Where our nest and our nestlings lie.</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Chee, chee, chee!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases5" title="List of phrases" id="ref92">Summer wanes</a>; the children are grown;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Fun and frolic no more he knows,</div> -<div class="verse">Robert of Lincoln’s a <a href="#phrases5" title="List of phrases" id="ref93">humdrum crone</a>;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Off he flies, and we sing as he goes:</div> -<div class="verse indent2">“Bob-o’-link, bob-o’-link,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Spink, spank, spink;</div> -<div class="verse">When you can <a href="#phrases5" title="List of phrases" id="ref94">pipe that merry old strain</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Robert of Lincoln, come back again.</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Chee, chee, chee!”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) was the first great -American poet. He was reared among the rugged Berkshire Hills of -western Massachusetts. Outside the district school, he had little teaching -except that given by his mother and what he gave himself through the -excellent library of his father, who was a country physician. He grew up in -close touch with nature and the simple farm surroundings, and this lonely -life may have tended to make him rather more serious and thoughtful than -most boys of his age. By the time he was nine years old he was putting -his thoughts into verse in the stately fashion of the English poets of that -time. In 1811, when yet scarcely eighteen, he wrote “Thanatopsis,” now -one of the world’s classics.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span></p> - -<p>By this time he had studied two years at a private school and -seven months at Williams College. He was ambitious to continue -his studies at Yale, but his father’s circumstances compelled him to give -up that hope and to face the immediate problem of earning his own living. -He studied law and was admitted to practice in 1815. After a few years -he went to New York, where in 1825 he became editor of the <cite>Evening Post</cite>—a -position which he continued to fill with distinction for more than half -a century, until his death in 1878.</p> - -<p>And yet this busy editor of a great city newspaper found leisure from -time to time to cultivate his love for verse and to continue to write poetry. -His poems were popular with Americans because he chose for the most -part American subjects taken from his own immediate surroundings and -experience—the scenes and impressions of his boyhood, the flowers, the -birds, the hills, the climate of his own New England.</p> - -<p>America’s first men of letters whose writings proved that the new -republic could produce a literature worthy to be compared with that of -the mother country were James Fenimore Cooper, writer of Indian tales; -Washington Irving, writer of legends about America and the sketches -about our old English home; and William Cullen Bryant. Cooper showed -the strangeness and romance of frontier life. Irving tried to give to -America the romantic background that the new country lacked. Bryant -opened men’s eyes to the beauty of nature.</p> - -<p>Though Bryant was eleven years younger than Irving, his “Thanatopsis” -was written only two years after Irving’s “Knickerbocker.”</p> - -<p><b>Note.</b> The bobolink is an American song bird. In the spring the male -is mostly black and white, while the female is streaked with yellowish -brown. In midsummer the male bobolink molts, taking on “plain brown” -plumage like that of his “Quaker wife.” In the spring he regains his black -and buff colors without molting any feathers. He sings only in the spring. -The bobolink makes long migrations extending from Canada to Paraguay, -and in the late autumn collects in large flocks which feed in the rice fields of -the South, where he is known as the <em>ricebird</em>, or <em>reedbird</em>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Read the lines that imitate the song of the bobolink. -2. Describe the dress of Robert of Lincoln and that of his “Quaker wife.” -3. How does her song differ from his? 4. What are the work and the care -that make him silent? 5. How does the poet account for the change in -his appearance as the season advances? 6. Where does he go for winter? -When will he come again?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases5"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref89">prince of braggarts, 40, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref90">chip the shell, 40, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref91">bestirs him well, 40, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref92">summer wanes, 41, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref93">humdrum crone, 41, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref94">pipe that merry old strain, 41, 21</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT</h4> - -<p class="author">HENRY VAN DYKE</p> - -<p>From <cite>Poems of Henry van Dyke</cite>; copyright 1897, 1911, by Charles Scribner’s -Sons. By permission of the publishers.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">While <a href="#phrases6" title="List of phrases" id="ref95">May bedecks the naked trees</a></div> -<div class="verse">With tassels and embroideries,</div> -<div class="verse">And many blue-eyed violets beam</div> -<div class="verse">Along the edges of the stream,</div> -<div class="verse">I hear a voice that seems to say,</div> -<div class="verse">Now near at hand, now far away,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">“<i>Witchery—witchery—witchery!</i>”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">An <a href="#phrases6" title="List of phrases" id="ref96">incantation so serene</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">So innocent, <a href="#phrases6" title="List of phrases" id="ref97">befits the scene</a>:</div> -<div class="verse">There’s magic in that small bird’s note—</div> -<div class="verse">See, there he flits—the Yellow-Throat;</div> -<div class="verse">A <a href="#phrases6" title="List of phrases" id="ref98">living sunbeam</a>, tipped with wings,</div> -<div class="verse">A spark of light that shines and sings</div> -<div class="verse indent1">“<i>Witchery—witchery—witchery!</i>”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases6" title="List of phrases" id="ref99">You prophet</a> with a pleasant name,</div> -<div class="verse">If out of Mary-land you came,</div> -<div class="verse">You know the way that thither goes</div> -<div class="verse">Where Mary’s lovely garden grows;</div> -<div class="verse">Fly swiftly back to her, I pray,</div> -<div class="verse">And try to call her down this way,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">“<i>Witchery—witchery—witchery!</i>”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Tell her to leave her cockle-shells,</div> -<div class="verse">And all her little silver bells</div> -<div class="verse">That <a href="#phrases6" title="List of phrases" id="ref100">blossom into melody</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">And all her maids less fair than she.</div> -<div class="verse">She does not need these pretty things,</div> -<div class="verse">For everywhere she comes, she brings</div> -<div class="verse">“<i>Witchery—witchery—witchery!</i>”</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases6" title="List of phrases" id="ref101">The woods are greening</a> overhead,</div> -<div class="verse">And flowers adorn each mossy bed;</div> -<div class="verse">The waters babble as they run—</div> -<div class="verse">One thing is lacking, only one:</div> -<div class="verse">If Mary were but here today,</div> -<div class="verse">I would believe your <a href="#phrases6" title="List of phrases" id="ref102">charming lay</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">“<i>Witchery—witchery—witchery!</i>”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Along the shady road I look—</div> -<div class="verse">Who’s coming now across the brook?</div> -<div class="verse">A woodland maid, all robed in white—</div> -<div class="verse">The leaves dance round her with delight,</div> -<div class="verse">The stream laughs out beneath her feet—,</div> -<div class="verse">Sing, merry bird, the charm’s complete,</div> -<div class="verse">“<i>Witchery—witchery—witchery!</i>”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Henry van Dyke (1852-⸺) was born in Germantown, -which is now a part of the city of Philadelphia. When a small boy, his -parents moved to Brooklyn. He was graduated from Princeton College in -1873 and from the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1877. For several -years he was pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church in New York City. -Later he was made professor of English Literature at Princeton University, -which position he still holds. In 1913 Dr. van Dyke was appointed United -States Minister to Holland, where he lived during the early years of the -World War. He has written many stories and poems of great literary -charm.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What bird does the poet celebrate in this poem? 2. -What pictures does the first stanza give you? 3. What does the Yellow-Throat -seem to say? 4. Make a list of all the names by which the poet -speaks of the bird. 5. What fancy does the poet express in the third and -fourth stanzas? 6. What does the poet say is wanting to make the day’s -charm complete? 7. Which stanza do you like best? 8. What is the name -of the “woodland maid”?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases6"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref95">May bedecks the naked trees, 43, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref96">incantation so serene, 43, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref97">befits the scene, 43, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref98">living sunbeam, 43, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref99">you prophet, 43, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref100">blossom into melody, 43, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref101">the woods are greening, 44, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref102">charming lay, 44, 6</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE BELFRY PIGEON</h4> - -<p class="author">NATHANIEL PARKER WILLIS</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">On the cross-beam under the Old South bell,</div> -<div class="verse">The nest of a pigeon is builded well.</div> -<div class="verse">In summer and winter, that bird is there,</div> -<div class="verse">Out and in with the morning air.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I love to see him <a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref103">track the street</a></div> -<div class="verse">With his <a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref104">wary eye</a> and active feet;</div> -<div class="verse">And I often watch him, as he springs,</div> -<div class="verse">Circling the steeple with <a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref105">easy wings</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Till across the dial his shade has passed,</div> -<div class="verse">And the belfry edge is gained at last.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">’Tis a bird I love, with its brooding note,</div> -<div class="verse">And the trembling throb in its mottled throat;</div> -<div class="verse">There’s a human look in its swelling breast,</div> -<div class="verse">And the gentle curve of its lowly crest;</div> -<div class="verse">And I often stop with the fear I feel,</div> -<div class="verse">He runs so close to the rapid wheel.</div> -<div class="verse">Whatever is rung on that noisy bell,</div> -<div class="verse">Chime of the hour, or funeral knell,</div> -<div class="verse">The dove in the belfry must hear it well.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">When the tongue swings out to the midnight moon,</div> -<div class="verse">When the sexton cheerily rings for noon,</div> -<div class="verse">When the clock strikes clear at morning light,</div> -<div class="verse">When the child is waked with “<a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref106">nine at night</a>,”</div> -<div class="verse">When the chimes play soft in the Sabbath air,</div> -<div class="verse">Filling the spirit with tones of prayer,</div> -<div class="verse">Whatever tale in the bell is heard,</div> -<div class="verse">He broods on his folded feet unstirred,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Or, rising half in his rounded nest,</div> -<div class="verse">He takes the time to smooth his breast;</div> -<div class="verse">Then drops again, with <a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref107">filméd eyes</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">And sleeps as the last vibration dies.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Sweet bird! I would that I could be</div> -<div class="verse">A <a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref108">hermit in the crowd</a>, like thee!</div> -<div class="verse">With wings to fly to wood and glen,</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref109">Thy lot, like mine, is cast with men</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">And, daily, <a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref110">with unwilling feet</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">I tread, like thee, the crowded street;</div> -<div class="verse">But, unlike me, when day is o’er,</div> -<div class="verse">Thou canst <a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref111">dismiss the world</a>, and soar;</div> -<div class="verse">Or, at a <a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref112">half-felt wish for rest</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Canst smooth the feathers on thy breast,</div> -<div class="verse">And drop, forgetful, to thy nest.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I would that, on such wings of gold,</div> -<div class="verse">I could my <a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref113">weary heart upfold</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">I would I could look down unmoved</div> -<div class="verse">(Unloving as I am unloved),</div> -<div class="verse">And while the <a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref114">world throngs on beneath</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Smooth down my cares and calmly breathe;</div> -<div class="verse">And, never sad with others’ sadness,</div> -<div class="verse">And never glad with others’ gladness,</div> -<div class="verse">Listen, unstirred, to knell or chime,</div> -<div class="verse">And, <a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref115">lapped in quiet</a>, <a href="#phrases7" title="List of phrases" id="ref116">bide my time</a>.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biographical and Historical Note.</b> Nathaniel Parker Willis (1806-1867) -was a native of Portland, Maine, and a graduate of Yale College. He was -born one year earlier than Longfellow, and lived most of his life in New -York City, being one of a small group of writers known as “The Knickerbockers,” -who for many years made New York the literary center of the -country. His father, the Rev. Nathaniel Willis, established in Boston <cite>The -Youth’s Companion.</cite></p> - -<p>“Old South” is the name of a church in Boston, in which public meetings -were held at the time of the Revolutionary War. It is now used as a -museum of historic collections.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What do the first two stanzas tell you about the bird? -2. Name the various sounds of the bell that the poet mentions. 3. What -comparison is found in the fifth stanza? 4. Compare the last stanza of -“The Sandpiper” with the last stanza of this poem and tell which you like -the better. 5. Can you give a reason why the pigeon is made the hero of -this poem?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases7"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref103">track the street, 45, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref104">wary eye, 45, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref105">easy wings, 45, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref106">nine at night, 45, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref107">filméd eyes, 46, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref108">hermit in the crowd, 46, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref109">thy lot is cast with men, 46, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref110">with unwilling feet, 46, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref111">dismiss the world, 46, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref112">half-felt wish for rest, 46, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref113">weary heart upfold, 46, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref114">throngs on beneath, 46, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref115">lapped in quiet, 46, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref116">bide my time, 46, 25</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE SANDPIPER</h4> - -<p class="author">CELIA THAXTER</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Across the lonely beach we flit,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">One little sandpiper and I;</div> -<div class="verse">And fast I gather, bit by bit,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The scattered driftwood, bleached and dry.</div> -<div class="verse">The wild waves reach their hands for it,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The wild wind raves, the tide runs high,</div> -<div class="verse">As up and down the beach we flit,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">One little sandpiper and I.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Above our heads the sullen clouds</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Scud, black and swift, across the sky;</div> -<div class="verse">Like <a href="#phrases8" title="List of phrases" id="ref117">silent ghosts in misty shrouds</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Stand out the white lighthouses high.</div> -<div class="verse">Almost as far as eye can reach</div> -<div class="verse indent1">I see the <a href="#phrases8" title="List of phrases" id="ref118">close-reefed vessels</a> fly,</div> -<div class="verse">As fast we flit along the beach,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">One little sandpiper and I.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I watch him as he skims along,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Uttering his sweet and mournful cry:</div> -<div class="verse">He starts not at <a href="#phrases8" title="List of phrases" id="ref119">my fitful song</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Nor <a href="#phrases8" title="List of phrases" id="ref120">flash of fluttering drapery</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">He has no thought of any wrong,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">He scans me with a fearless eye;</div> -<div class="verse">Stanch friends are we, well tried and strong,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The little sandpiper and I.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Comrade, where wilt thou be tonight,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">When the <a href="#phrases8" title="List of phrases" id="ref121">loosed storm breaks furiously</a>?</div> -<div class="verse">My driftwood fire will burn so bright!</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To what warm shelter canst thou fly?</div> -<div class="verse">I do not fear for thee, though <a href="#phrases8" title="List of phrases" id="ref122">wroth</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases8" title="List of phrases">The tempest rushes</a> through the sky;</div> -<div class="verse">For are we not God’s children both,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Thou, little sandpiper, and I?</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Celia Thaxter (1835-1894), whose father was a lighthouse -keeper on White Island, one of the rocky isles known as the “Isles of -Shoals,” off the coast of New Hampshire, had the ocean for her companion -in her early years. She studied the sunrise and the sunset, the wild flowers, -the birds, the rocks, and all sea life. This selection shows how intimate -was her friendship with the bird life of the ocean.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. The poet and the sandpiper were comrades; in the first -stanza, what tells you this? 2. Which lines give you a picture that might -be used to illustrate this poem? 3. What common experiences did the poet -and the bird have? 4. Give a quotation from the poem that describes the -sandpiper and his habits. 5. What effect have the repetitions of the second -line of the poem at the end of the first and second stanzas and the variations -of it at the end of the third and fourth stanzas? 6. Which lines express confidence -in God’s care for His children? 7. What classes of “God’s children” -do “little sandpiper” and “I,” respectively, represent? 8. Pronounce the -following: stanch; loosed; wroth.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases8"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref117">silent ghosts in misty shrouds, 47, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref118">close-reefed vessels, 47, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref119">my fitful song, 48. 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref120">flash of fluttering drapery, 48, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref121">loosed storm breaks furiously, 48, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref122">wroth the tempest rushes, 48, 13</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE THROSTLE</h4> - -<p class="author">ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Summer is coming, summer is coming,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">I know it, I know it, I know it.</div> -<div class="verse">Light again, leaf again, life again, love again!”</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Yes, my <a href="#phrases9" title="List of phrases" id="ref123">wild little Poet</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Sing the new year in under the blue.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Last year you sang it as gladly.</div> -<div class="verse">“New, new, new, new!” Is it then so new</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That you should <a href="#phrases9" title="List of phrases" id="ref124">carol so madly</a>?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Love again, song again, nest again, young again!”</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases9" title="List of phrases" id="ref125">Never a prophet so crazy!</a></div> -<div class="verse">And hardly a daisy as yet, little friend,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">See, there is hardly a daisy.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Here again, here, here, here, happy year!”</div> -<div class="verse indent1">O warble unchidden, unbidden!</div> -<div class="verse">Summer is coming, is coming, my dear,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And all the <a href="#phrases9" title="List of phrases" id="ref126">winters are hidden</a>.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892) was poet laureate of -England, succeeding Wordsworth. This means that he was appointed to -write poems about matters of national interest, such as his ode on the -death of the Duke of Wellington; and that he also expressed something -of the national spirit of England, as in his poems about King Arthur -(<cite>The Idylls of the King</cite>) and in many poems about his native land. He -was born in Lincolnshire and studied at Trinity College, Cambridge. -He lived a quiet life and devoted himself to poetry, in which he excelled -in beauty of expression and choice of words. You will learn to know -him as a teller of tales in verse, these tales being both modern ballads and -romances about King Arthur; as a writer of many lovely song-poems or -lyrics; and as a poet of religious faith.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>Note.</b> The song-thrush, or throstle, is found in most parts of England, -and is one of the finest songsters in Europe. Its note is rich and mellow. -This is the bird of which Browning wrote,</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent3">“He sings each song twice over,</div> -<div class="verse">Lest you should think he never could recapture</div> -<div class="verse">The first fine careless rapture!”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Which lines in the first stanza represent the song of -the bird? 2. Which line gives Tennyson’s answer to the throstle? 3. Point -out the words in the poem that represent the bird’s song. 4. Which lines -tell you that Tennyson did not share the little bird’s hope? 5, What do -the last two lines show that the bird did for the poet?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases9"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref123">wild little Poet, 49, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref124">carol so madly, 49, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref125">never a prophet so crazy, 49, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref126">winters are hidden, 49, 16</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>TO THE CUCKOO</h4> - -<p class="author">WILLIAM WORDSWORTH</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O blithe newcomer! I have heard,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">I hear thee and rejoice;</div> -<div class="verse">O cuckoo! shall I call thee bird,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Or but a wandering voice?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">While I am lying on the grass,</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases10" title="List of phrases" id="ref127">Thy twofold shout</a> I hear;</div> -<div class="verse">From hill to hill it seems to pass,</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases10" title="List of phrases" id="ref128">At once far off and near</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Though babbling only to the vale,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Of sunshine and of flowers,</div> -<div class="verse">Thou bringest unto me a <a href="#phrases10" title="List of phrases" id="ref129">tale</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases10" title="List of phrases">Of visionary hours</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Thrice welcome, darling of the Spring!</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Even yet thou art to me</div> -<div class="verse">No bird, but an invisible thing,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">A voice, a mystery;</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The same whom in my schoolboy days</div> -<div class="verse indent1">I listened to; that cry</div> -<div class="verse">Which made me look a thousand ways,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In bush, and tree, and sky.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">To seek thee did I often rove</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Through woods and on the green;</div> -<div class="verse">And thou wert still a hope, a love;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Still long’d for, never seen!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And I can listen to thee yet;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Can lie upon the plain</div> -<div class="verse">And listen, till I do <a href="#phrases10" title="List of phrases" id="ref130">beget</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases10" title="List of phrases">That golden time again</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O blesséd bird! the earth we pace,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Again appears to be</div> -<div class="verse">An unsubstantial, fairy place,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That is fit home for thee!</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> William Wordsworth (1770-1850) was born in the beautiful -Cumberland Highlands of northern England, which furnished the -inspiration for most of his poetry. While still a young man, he retired to -the beautiful Lake Country of northern England, where he lived a simple -life. He was devoted to the cause of liberty; he was a believer in the -beauty and charm of the humble life; he often wrote about peasants rather -than about lords and ladies and knights of romance. His flower poems and -bird poems show the simplicity and sincerity of his nature.</p> - -<p><b>Note.</b> The cuckoo is a European bird noted for its two-syllable whistle, -in imitation of which it is named; also for its habit of laying eggs in the -nests of other birds for them to hatch, instead of building a nest of its own.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Why does the poet call the cuckoo “a wandering voice”? -2. What other names does the poet call the cuckoo? 3. To what habit of -the cuckoo does this poem call attention? 4. Why does the poet say a -“fairy place” is a fit home for the cuckoo? 5. What “golden time” is -mentioned?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases10"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref127">thy twofold shout, 50, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref128">at once far off and near, 50, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref129">tale of visionary hours, 50, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref130">beget that golden time again, 51, 11</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE BIRDS’ ORCHESTRA</h4> - -<p class="author">CELIA THAXTER</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Bobolink shall play the violin,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Great applause to win;</div> -<div class="verse">Lonely, sweet, and sad, the meadow-lark</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Plays the oboe. Hark!</div> -<div class="verse">Yellow-bird the clarionet shall play,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Blithe, and clear, and gay.</div> -<div class="verse">Purple-finch what instrument will suit?</div> -<div class="verse indent1">He can play the flute.</div> -<div class="verse">Fire-winged blackbirds sound the merry fife,</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases11" title="List of phrases" id="ref131">Soldiers without strife</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">And the robins <a href="#phrases11" title="List of phrases" id="ref132">wind the mellow horn</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Loudly, eve and morn.</div> -<div class="verse">Who shall <a href="#phrases11" title="List of phrases" id="ref133">clash the cymbals</a>? Jay and crow,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That is all they know;</div> -<div class="verse">And, to <a href="#phrases11" title="List of phrases" id="ref134">roll the deep melodious drum</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Lo! the bull-frogs come.</div> -<div class="verse">Then the splendid chorus! Who shall sing</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Of so fine a thing?</div> -<div class="verse">Who the names of the performers call</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Truly, one and all?</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_48">see page 48</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What instruments compose the birds’ orchestra? 2. -Why does the poet say the jay and crow are assigned to the cymbals? 3. Explain: -“fire-winged” blackbirds. 4. What leads you to think that the author -knew those birds intimately? 5. Do you think the chorus would be -pleasing? 6. What assignments do you think are particularly apt?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases11"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref131">soldiers without strife, 52, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref132">wind the mellow horn, 52, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref133">clash the cymbals, 52, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref134">roll the deep melodious drum, 52, 15</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="FLOWERS_AND_TREES">FLOWERS AND TREES</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header3.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>TO THE FRINGED GENTIAN</h4> - -<p class="author">WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Thou blossom, bright with autumn dew,</div> -<div class="verse">And colored with the <a href="#phrases12" title="List of phrases" id="ref135">heaven’s own blue</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">That openest when the <a href="#phrases12" title="List of phrases" id="ref136">quiet light</a></div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases12" title="List of phrases">Succeeds</a> the keen and frosty night;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Thou comest not when violets lean</div> -<div class="verse">O’er wandering brooks and springs unseen,</div> -<div class="verse">Or columbines, in purple dressed,</div> -<div class="verse">Nod o’er the ground bird’s hidden nest.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Thou waitest late, and com’st alone,</div> -<div class="verse">When woods are bare and birds are flown,</div> -<div class="verse">And frosts and <a href="#phrases12" title="List of phrases" id="ref137">shortening days portend</a></div> -<div class="verse">The aged year is near his end.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Then doth thy sweet and quiet eye</div> -<div class="verse">Look through its fringes to the sky,</div> -<div class="verse">Blue—blue—as if that sky let fall</div> -<div class="verse">A flower from its <a href="#phrases12" title="List of phrases" id="ref138">cerulean wall</a>.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I would that thus, when I shall see</div> -<div class="verse">The hour of death draw near to me,</div> -<div class="verse">Hope, blossoming within my heart,</div> -<div class="verse">May look to heaven as I depart.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_41">see page 41</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. To whom is this poem addressed? 2. What words tell -you the time of year that the fringed gentian blooms? 3. What words -does the poet use to tell the color of the gentian? 4. When does it open? -5. What words does Bryant use to mean early morning? 6. When do violets -come and in what kind of soil do they grow? 7. What words in the -poem tell you this? 8. What does the poet tell you about the violets -when he says they “lean,” and about the columbine when he says it “nods”? -9. What signs of approaching winter does the poet mention? 10. Why -does the poet repeat “blue” in the third line of stanza 4? 11. Of what is -this color a symbol? 12. To what in his life does Bryant compare the end -of the year? 13. In this comparison what does the little flower represent?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases12"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref135">heaven’s own blue, 53, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref136">quiet light succeeds, 53, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref137">shortening days portend, 53, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref138">cerulean wall, 53, 16</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>VIOLET! SWEET VIOLET!</h4> - -<p class="author">JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Violet! sweet violet!</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Thine eyes are full of tears;</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Are they wet</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Even yet</div> -<div class="verse">With the thought of other years?</div> -<div class="verse">Or with gladness are they full,</div> -<div class="verse">For the night so beautiful,</div> -<div class="verse">And longing for those <a href="#phrases13" title="List of phrases" id="ref139">far-off spheres</a>?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Loved-one of my youth thou wast,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Of my merry youth,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">And I see,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Tearfully,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> -<div class="verse">All the <a href="#phrases13" title="List of phrases" id="ref140">fair and sunny past</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">All its openness and truth,</div> -<div class="verse">Ever fresh and green in thee</div> -<div class="verse">As the moss is in the sea.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Thy little heart, that hath with love</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Grown colored like the sky above,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">On which thou lookest ever,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Can it know</div> -<div class="verse indent2">All the woe</div> -<div class="verse">Of hope for what returneth never,</div> -<div class="verse">All the sorrow and the longing</div> -<div class="verse">To these hearts of ours belonging?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Out on it! no foolish pining</div> -<div class="verse indent2">For the sky</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Dims thine eye,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Or for the stars so calmly shining;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Like thee let this soul of mine</div> -<div class="verse">Take hue from that wherefor I long,</div> -<div class="verse">Self-stayed and high, serene and strong,</div> -<div class="verse">Not satisfied with hoping—but divine.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Violet! dear violet!</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Thy blue eyes are only wet</div> -<div class="verse">With joy and love of him who sent thee,</div> -<div class="verse">And for the <a href="#phrases13" title="List of phrases" id="ref141">fulfilling sense</a></div> -<div class="verse">Of that <a href="#phrases13" title="List of phrases" id="ref142">glad obedience</a></div> -<div class="verse">Which made thee all that nature meant thee!</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> James Russell Lowell (1819-1891) came of one of the -oldest and most influential New England families. Born in an atmosphere -of learning, in the old family home in historic Cambridge, at the very doors -of Harvard College, he enjoyed every advantage for culture that inherited -tastes, ample means, and convenient opportunity could offer. Besides the -facilities of the college near by, his father’s library, in which he roamed at -will from his very infancy, was one of the richest in the whole country. It -is not strange, then, that he grew to be one of the most scholarly Americans -of his time.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span></p> - -<p>After leaving college he studied law and opened an office in Boston. -He became deeply interested in the political issues of the times and was -thus stirred to his first serious efforts in literature. In 1848 appeared his -“Vision of Sir Launfal,” founded upon the legend of the Holy Grail, and -one of the most spiritually beautiful poems in any literature. Few patriotic -poems surpass his “Commemoration Ode.” Besides his poetical works he -wrote many essays and books of travel and of criticism. He succeeded Longfellow -in his professorship at Harvard, and was the first editor of the <cite>Atlantic -Monthly</cite>. He served successively as Minister to Spain and to England.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. In the first stanza, how does the poet account for the -violet’s eyes being “full of tears”? 2. To the poet what does the violet -represent? 3. What vision does the violet bring to the poet? 4. How -does the poet account for the color of the violet? 5. What change in the -poet’s feeling is noted in the fourth stanza? 6. From what does the poet -say his soul must “take hue”? 7. How does the poet in the last lines of -the poem account for the violet’s eyes being “full of tears”?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases13"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref139">far-off spheres, 54, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref140">fair and sunny past, 55, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref141">fulfilling sense, 55, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref142">glad obedience, 55, 25</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>TO THE DANDELION</h4> - -<p class="author">JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Dear common flower, that grow’st beside the way,</div> -<div class="verse">Fringing the dusty road with harmless gold,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">First <a href="#phrases14" title="List of phrases" id="ref143">pledge of blithesome May</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Which children pluck, and, full of pride, uphold,</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases14" title="List of phrases" id="ref144">High-hearted buccaneers</a>, o’erjoyed that they</div> -<div class="verse">An Eldorado in the grass have found,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Which not the rich earth’s ample round</div> -<div class="verse indent1">May match in wealth—thou art more dear to me</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Than all the prouder summer-blooms may be.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Gold such as thine ne’er drew the Spanish prow</div> -<div class="verse">Through the <a href="#phrases14" title="List of phrases" id="ref145">primeval hush</a> of Indian seas,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Nor wrinkled the lean brow</div> -<div class="verse">Of age, to rob the lover’s heart of ease;</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> -<div class="verse indent1">’Tis the <a href="#phrases14" title="List of phrases" id="ref146">spring’s largess</a>, which she scatters now</div> -<div class="verse">To rich and poor alike, with <a href="#phrases14" title="List of phrases" id="ref147">lavish hand</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Though most hearts never understand</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To take it at God’s value, but pass by</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The offered wealth with <a href="#phrases14" title="List of phrases" id="ref148">unrewarded eye</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Thou art my tropics and mine Italy;</div> -<div class="verse">To look at thee unlocks a warmer clime;</div> -<div class="verse indent3">The eyes thou givest me</div> -<div class="verse">Are in the heart, and heed not space or time;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Not in mid June the <a href="#phrases14" title="List of phrases" id="ref149">golden-cuirassed bee</a></div> -<div class="verse">Feels a more summer-like warm ravishment</div> -<div class="verse indent2">In the white lily’s breezy tent,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">His fragrant Sybaris, than I, when first</div> -<div class="verse indent1">From the dark green thy yellow circles burst.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Then think I of deep shadows on the grass—</div> -<div class="verse">Of meadows where in sun the cattle graze,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Where, as the breezes pass,</div> -<div class="verse">The gleaming rushes lean a thousand ways—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Of leaves that slumber in a cloudy mass,</div> -<div class="verse">Or whiten in the wind—of waters blue</div> -<div class="verse indent2">That from the distance sparkle through</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Some woodland gap—and of a sky above,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Where one white cloud like a stray lamb doth move.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">My childhood’s earliest thoughts are linked with thee;</div> -<div class="verse">The sight of thee calls back the robin’s song,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Who, from the dark old tree</div> -<div class="verse">Beside the door, sang clearly all day long,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And I, secure in <a href="#phrases14" title="List of phrases" id="ref150">childish piety</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Listened as if I heard an angel sing</div> -<div class="verse indent2">With news from heaven, which he could bring</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Fresh every day to my <a href="#phrases14" title="List of phrases" id="ref151">untainted ears</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">When birds and flowers and I were happy peers.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">How like a prodigal doth nature seem,</div> -<div class="verse">When thou, for all thy gold, so common art!</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Thou teachest me to deem</div> -<div class="verse">More sacredly of every human heart,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Since each reflects in joy its scanty gleam</div> -<div class="verse">Of heaven, and could some wondrous secret show</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Did we but pay the love we owe,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And with a child’s undoubting wisdom look</div> -<div class="verse indent1">On all these <a href="#phrases14" title="List of phrases" id="ref152">living pages</a> of God’s book.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_55">see page 55</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. In which stanzas does the poet express his love for the -dandelion? 2. Which stanzas tell why the dandelion is so dear to the poet? -3. Where must the poet have lived to learn what he tells us in these -stanzas? 4. Use your own words for “rich earth’s ample round.” 5. Name -some “prouder summer-blooms.” 6. What gold “drew the Spanish prow,” -and through what “Indian seas”? 7. What gold wrinkles “the lean brow -of age” and robs “the lover’s heart of ease”? How does the dandelion’s -gold differ from it? 8. Explain the last three lines of stanza 2, and name -any other common things we do not value enough. 9. How can the poet -<em>look</em> at the dandelion, but <em>see</em> the tropics and Italy? 10. What “eyes are -in the heart, and heed not space or time”? 11. Has a poet more vivid imagination -than other people? Why? 12. Compare the expression “eyes are in -the heart, and heed not space or time” with that of Wordsworth in “The -Daffodils,” page 59, lines 21 and 22, “that inward eye which is the bliss of -solitude,” and with that of Trowbridge in “Midwinter,” page 83, lines 15 and -16, “in my inmost ear is heard the music of a holier bird.” 13. Is there a -similar idea in these expressions? 14. Which do you like best, “inward -eye,” “inmost ear,” or “eyes in the heart”? 15. The dandelion is compared -to gold and to sunshine; which comparison had the poet in mind in the -first two lines of the last stanza? In the next four lines? 16. The flower -reflects its “scanty gleam of heaven” in glowing color; how can human -hearts reflect it?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases14"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref143">pledge of blithesome May, 58, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref144">high-hearted buccaneers, 56, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref145">primeval hush, 56, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref146">spring’s largess, 57, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref147">lavish hand, 57, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref148">unrewarded eye, 57, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref149">golden-cuirassed bee, 57, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref150">childish piety, 57, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref151">untainted ears, 57, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref152">living pages, 58, 9</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE DAFFODILS</h4> - -<p class="author">WILLIAM WORDSWORTH</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I wandered lonely as a cloud</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That floats on high o’er vales and hills,</div> -<div class="verse">When all at once I saw a crowd,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">A host, of golden daffodils;</div> -<div class="verse">Beside the lake, beneath the trees,</div> -<div class="verse">Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Continuous as the stars that shine</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And twinkle on the milky way,</div> -<div class="verse">They stretched in never-ending line</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Along the margin of a bay:</div> -<div class="verse">Ten thousand saw I at a glance,</div> -<div class="verse">Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The waves beside them danced; but they</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Outdid the sparkling waves in glee;</div> -<div class="verse">A poet could not but be gay</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In such a jocund company;</div> -<div class="verse">I gazed—and gazed—but little thought</div> -<div class="verse">What wealth the show to me had brought;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">For oft when on my couch I lie</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In vacant or in pensive mood,</div> -<div class="verse">They flash upon that inward eye</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Which is the bliss of solitude;</div> -<div class="verse">And then my heart with pleasure fills,</div> -<div class="verse">And dances with the daffodils.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_51">see page 51</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What picture do the first two stanzas give you? 2. To -whom does “I” refer? 3. Point out the comparison and the things compared -in stanza 1; in stanza 2. 4. Why does the poet use the word “host” -when he has already spoken of a “crowd”? 5. Explain the peculiar fitness -of the word “sprightly.” 6. What lines particularly express life and gayety?</p> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE TRAILING ARBUTUS</h4> - -<p class="author">JOHN G. WHITTIER</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I wandered lonely where the pine-trees made</div> -<div class="verse">Against the <a href="#phrases15" title="List of phrases" id="ref153">bitter East</a> their barricade,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And, guided by its sweet</div> -<div class="verse">Perfume, I found, within a narrow dell,</div> -<div class="verse">The trailing spring flower tinted like a shell</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Amid dry leaves and mosses at my feet.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">From under dead boughs, for whose loss the pines</div> -<div class="verse">Moaned ceaseless overhead, the blossoming vines</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Lifted their <a href="#phrases15" title="List of phrases" id="ref154">glad surprise</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">While yet the bluebird smoothed in leafless trees</div> -<div class="verse">His feathers ruffled by the chill sea-breeze,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And snow-drifts lingered under April skies.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">As, pausing o’er the lonely flower I bent,</div> -<div class="verse">I thought of lives thus lowly, <a href="#phrases15" title="List of phrases" id="ref155">clogged, and pent</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Which yet find room,</div> -<div class="verse">Through care and cumber, coldness and decay,</div> -<div class="verse">To lend a sweetness to the <a href="#phrases15" title="List of phrases" id="ref156">ungenial day</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And make the sad earth happier for their bloom.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> John Greenleaf Whittier (1807-1892) was born near the -little town of Haverhill, Massachusetts, in the same county as Salem, the -birthplace of Hawthorne. The old farmhouse in which Whittier was born -was built by the poet’s great-great-grandfather. It still stands to mark the -site of the old home. His family were Quakers, sturdy of stature as of -character. Whittier’s boyhood was in complete contrast to that of Lowell -or Longfellow. He led the life of a typical New England farm boy, used -to hard work, no luxuries, and few pleasures. His library consisted of practically -one book, the family Bible, which was later supplemented by a copy -of Burns’s poems, loaned him by the district schoolmaster. Whittier is often -compared with Burns in the simple homeliness of his style, his patriotism, -his fiery indignation at wrong, and his sympathy with the humble and -the oppressed.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Where did the poet find “the trailing spring flower”? -2. Have you found it? Where? When? 3. What beautiful thought came -to the poet while he bent over the arbutus? 4. Have you known lowly -lives that made the earth happier by their presence? 5. The poet <em>found</em> -the lowly flower that lends “sweetness to the ungenial day”; can we find the -lowly person who “makes the earth happier”? 6. What does Nature teach -through the lowly trailing arbutus? 7. What other selections by this author -have you read?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases15"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref153">bitter East, 60, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref154">glad surprise, 60, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref155">clogged, and pent, 60, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref156">ungenial day, 60, 17</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>TO A MOUNTAIN DAISY</h4> - -<p class="author">ROBERT BURNS</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Wee, modest, crimson-tippèd flow’r,</div> -<div class="verse">Thou’s met me in an evil hour;</div> -<div class="verse">For I maun<a name="FNanchor_1" id="FNanchor_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> I crush amang the stoure<a name="FNanchor_2" id="FNanchor_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></div> -<div class="verse indent3">Thy slender stem.</div> -<div class="verse">To spare thee now is past my pow’r,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Thou bonnie<a name="FNanchor_3" id="FNanchor_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> gem.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Alas! it’s no thy neebor sweet,</div> -<div class="verse">The bonnie Lark, <a href="#phrases16" title="List of phrases" id="ref157">companion meet</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Bending thee ’mang the dewy weet,<a name="FNanchor_4" id="FNanchor_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></div> -<div class="verse indent3">Wi’ speckl’d breast!</div> -<div class="verse">When upward-springing, blythe, to greet</div> -<div class="verse indent3">The <a href="#phrases16" title="List of phrases" id="ref158">purpling east</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Cauld blew the bitter-biting north</div> -<div class="verse">Upon thy early, humble birth;</div> -<div class="verse">Yet cheerfully thou <a href="#phrases16" title="List of phrases" id="ref159">glinted forth</a></div> -<div class="verse indent3">Amid the storm,</div> -<div class="verse">Scarce rear’d above the <a href="#phrases16" title="List of phrases" id="ref160">parent-earth</a></div> -<div class="verse indent3">Thy tender form.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The flaunting flow’rs our gardens yield,</div> -<div class="verse">High shelt’ring woods and wa’s<a name="FNanchor_5" id="FNanchor_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> maun shield.</div> -<div class="verse">But thou, beneath the random bield<a name="FNanchor_6" id="FNanchor_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></div> -<div class="verse indent3">O’ clod or stane,</div> -<div class="verse">Adorns the histie<a name="FNanchor_7" id="FNanchor_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> stibble<a name="FNanchor_8" id="FNanchor_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>-field,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Unseen, alane.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">There, in thy scanty mantle clad,</div> -<div class="verse">Thy snawie bosom sunward spread,</div> -<div class="verse">Thou lifts thy <a href="#phrases16" title="List of phrases" id="ref161">unassuming head</a></div> -<div class="verse indent3">In <a href="#phrases16" title="List of phrases" id="ref162">humble guise</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">But now the share uptears thy bed,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">And low thou lies!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Such is the fate of simple Bard,</div> -<div class="verse">On life’s rough ocean <a href="#phrases16" title="List of phrases" id="ref163">luckless starr’d</a>!</div> -<div class="verse">Unskillful he to note the card<a name="FNanchor_9" id="FNanchor_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a></div> -<div class="verse indent3">Of <a href="#phrases16" title="List of phrases" id="ref164">prudent lore</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Till billows rage, and gales blow hard,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">And whelm him o’er!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Such fate to suffering worth is giv’n,</div> -<div class="verse">Who long with wants and woes has striv’n,</div> -<div class="verse">By human pride or cunning driv’n</div> -<div class="verse indent3">To mis’ry’s brink,</div> -<div class="verse">Till wrench’d of ev’ry stay but Heav’n,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">He, ruin’d, sink!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Ev’n thou who mourn’st the Daisy’s fate,</div> -<div class="verse">That fate is thine—no distant date;</div> -<div class="verse">Stern Ruin’s plowshare drives, elate,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Full on thy bloom,</div> -<div class="verse">Till crush’d beneath the furrow’s weight</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Shall be thy doom!</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="footnotes"> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> <i>maun</i>, must.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2" id="Footnote_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> <i>stoure</i>, dust.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3" id="Footnote_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> <i>bonnie</i>, pretty.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4" id="Footnote_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> <i>weet</i>, wet.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_5" id="Footnote_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> <i>wa’s</i>, walls.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_6" id="Footnote_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> <i>bield</i>, shelter.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_7" id="Footnote_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> <i>histie</i>, barren.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_8" id="Footnote_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> <i>stibble</i>, stubble.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_9" id="Footnote_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> <i>card</i>, compass-face.</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Robert Burns (1759-1796) was a Scottish poet, whose home -was near Ayr, in Scotland. His life was short and filled with poverty -and hardship, but he saw beauty in the common things of life and had a -heart full of sympathy. He wrote this poem at a time when he was in -great trouble. His farm was turning out badly, the soil was sour and wet, -his crops were failures, and he saw nothing but ruin before him. Burns’s -tenderness and sympathy are shown in the feeling expressed in this poem -at crushing the flower.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. How does the English daisy, which Burns describes in -the first line of the poem, differ from the daisy that you know, the American -daisy? 2. Select and give the meaning of words that illustrate Burns’s use -of the Scotch dialect. 3. Picture the incident related in the first stanza. -4. What do you know about the lark that helps you to understand why it -is called the daisy’s “companion” and “neebor”? 5. What comparison is -made between the daisy and the garden flowers? 6. What “share” is mentioned -in stanza 5? 7. What characteristic of the flower does Burns seem to -like best?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases16"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref157">companion meet, 61, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref158">purpling east, 61, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref159">glinted forth, 61, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref160">parent-earth, 61, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref161">unassuming head, 62, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref162">humble guise, 62, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref163">luckless starr’d, 62, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref164">prudent lore, 62, 16</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>SWEET PEAS</h4> - -<p class="author">JOHN KEATS</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Here are sweet peas, on tiptoe for a flight,</div> -<div class="verse">With wings of gentle flush o’er delicate white,</div> -<div class="verse">And taper fingers catching at all things,</div> -<div class="verse">To bind them all about with tiny rings.</div> -<div class="verse">Linger a while upon some bending planks</div> -<div class="verse">That lean against a streamlet’s <a href="#phrases17" title="List of phrases" id="ref165">rushy banks</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">And watch intently Nature’s gentle doings;</div> -<div class="verse">They will be found softer than <a href="#phrases17" title="List of phrases" id="ref166">ringdove’s cooings</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">How silent comes the water round that bend!</div> -<div class="verse">Not the minutest whisper does it send</div> -<div class="verse">To the <a href="#phrases17" title="List of phrases" id="ref167">o’erhanging sallows</a>; blades of grass</div> -<div class="verse">Slowly across the <a href="#phrases17" title="List of phrases" id="ref168">checkered shadows</a> pass.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> John Keats (1795-1821) was of humble birth, being the -son of a London stablekeeper. He lived at the time of Wordsworth, Byron, -Shelley, and Leigh Hunt, from all of whom he gathered inspiration. His -years were few, and his fame did not come while he was living. He had a -passion for beauty, which found expression in all his poetry. On account of -failing health he went to Rome in 1820, where he died the year following.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Why does the poet say sweet peas are “on tiptoe for a -flight”? 2. What are the wings of the sweet pea? 3. The poet tells of the -perfect stillness of the moving water in the stream; what words does he -use in lines immediately preceding to prepare you for this stillness? 4. -What picture does the last sentence of the poem give you?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases17"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref165">rushy banks, 63, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref166">ringdove’s cooings, 63, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref167">o’erhanging sallows, 63, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref168">checkered shadows, 63, 12</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>CHORUS OF FLOWERS</h4> - -<p class="author">LEIGH HUNT</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent3">We are the sweet flowers,</div> -<div class="verse indent3"><a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref169">Born of sunny showers</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">Think, whene’er you see us, what our beauty saith;</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Utterance, mute and bright,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Of some unknown delight,</div> -<div class="verse">We fill the air with pleasure by our simple breath.</div> -<div class="verse indent3">All who see us love us.</div> -<div class="verse indent3">We befit all places.</div> -<div class="verse">Unto sorrow we give smiles, and unto graces, graces.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent3">Mark our ways, how noiseless</div> -<div class="verse indent3">All, and <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref170">sweetly voiceless</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Though the March winds pipe to make our passage clear;</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Not a whisper tells</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Where our small seed dwells,</div> -<div class="verse">Nor is known the moment green when our tips appear.</div> -<div class="verse indent3">We <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref171">thread the earth</a> in silence;</div> -<div class="verse indent3">In silence build our bowers;</div> -<div class="verse">And leaf by leaf in silence show, till we laugh atop sweet flowers.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent3">See and scorn all duller!</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Taste how Heaven loves color!</div> -<div class="verse">How great Nature, clearly, joys in red and green!</div> -<div class="verse indent3">What sweet thoughts she thinks</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Of violets and pinks,</div> -<div class="verse">And a thousand <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref172">flashing hues</a> made solely to be seen;</div> -<div class="verse indent3">See her whitest lilies</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Chill the silver showers;</div> -<div class="verse">And what a red mouth has her rose, the woman of her flowers!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent3">Uselessness divinest,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Of a use the finest,</div> -<div class="verse">Painteth us, the teachers of the end of use.</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Travelers, weary-eyed,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Bless us far and wide;</div> -<div class="verse">Unto sick and prisoned thoughts we give sudden truce.</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Not a poor town window</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Loves its <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref173">sickliest planting</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">But its wall speaks loftier truth than <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref174">Babylonian vaunting</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent3">Sagest yet the uses</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Mixed with our sweet juices,</div> -<div class="verse">Whether man or may-fly profits of the balm.</div> -<div class="verse indent3">As fairy fingers healed</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Knights of the olden field,</div> -<div class="verse">We hold cups of mightiest force to give the wildest calm.</div> -<div class="verse indent3">E’en the terror, poison,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Hath its plea for blooming;</div> -<div class="verse">Life it gives to <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref175">reverent lips</a>, though <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref176">death to the presuming</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent3">And oh! our sweet soul-taker,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">That thief, the honey-maker,</div> -<div class="verse">What a house hath he by the <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref177">thymy glen</a>!</div> -<div class="verse indent3">In his talking rooms</div> -<div class="verse indent3">How the feasting fumes,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Till his gold-cups overflow to the mouths of men!</div> -<div class="verse indent3">The butterflies come aping</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Those fine thieves of ours,</div> -<div class="verse">And flutter round <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref178">our rifled tops</a> like tickled flowers with flowers.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent3">See those tops, how beauteous!</div> -<div class="verse indent3">What fair service duteous</div> -<div class="verse">Round some idol waits, as on their lord the Nine?</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Elfin court ’twould seem,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">And taught, perchance, that dream</div> -<div class="verse">Which the old Greek mountain dreamt upon nights divine;</div> -<div class="verse indent3">To expound such wonder,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Human speech avails not,</div> -<div class="verse">Yet there dies no poorest weed that such a glory exhales not.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent3">Think of all these treasures,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Matchless works and pleasures,</div> -<div class="verse">Every one a marvel, more than thought can say;</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Then think in what bright showers</div> -<div class="verse indent3">We thicken fields and bowers,</div> -<div class="verse">And with what heaps of sweetness half stifle wanton May.</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Think of the mossy forests</div> -<div class="verse indent3">By the bee-birds haunted,</div> -<div class="verse">And all those <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref179">Amazonian plains</a>, lone lying, as enchanted.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent3">Trees themselves are ours;</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Fruits are born of flowers;</div> -<div class="verse">Peach and roughest nut were blossoms in the spring.</div> -<div class="verse indent3">The lusty bee knows well</div> -<div class="verse indent3">The news, and <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref180">comes pell-mell</a></div> -<div class="verse">And dances in the bloomy thicks with <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref181">darksome antheming</a>.</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Beneath the very burden</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Of <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref182">planet-pressing ocean</a></div> -<div class="verse">We wash our smiling cheeks in peace, a thought for meek devotion.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent3">Who shall say that flowers</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Dress not heaven’s own bowers?</div> -<div class="verse">Who its love without them can fancy—or sweet floor?</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Who shall even dare</div> -<div class="verse indent3">To say we sprang not there,</div> -<div class="verse">And came not down, that Love might bring one piece of heaven the more?</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Oh! pray believe that angels</div> -<div class="verse indent3">From those <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref183">blue dominions</a></div> -<div class="verse">Brought us in their white laps down, <a href="#phrases18" title="List of phrases" id="ref184">’twixt their golden pinions</a>.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biographical and Historical Note.</b> Leigh Hunt (1784-1859) was an -English poet, journalist, and essayist. He was a personal friend of Shelley -and Byron, and an intimate friend of Keats. His poems and essays are -marked by a delightful style.</p> - -<p>The “Nine” (stanza 7) refers to the Muses, patronesses of poetry and -music, whose lord is Apollo, and who assembled on Mount Parnassus or -Mount Helicon, to hold learned discussions on poetry, science, or music.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What is a chorus? 2. Who are the singers? 3. What -is the purpose of their song? 4. When you look at a flower, what things -are you apt to notice about it? 5. Name a poem you have read that -tells of the uses of a flower. 6. What poem that you have read in -this book celebrates the color of the flower? 7. What familiar custom -grows out of the belief that “unto sorrow we give smiles”? That “unto -graces [we give] graces”? 8. For what purpose are flowers in “a thousand -flashing hues”? 9. What things are compared in the last line of stanza 4? -10. What uses of flowers are pointed out in stanza 5? 11. In stanza 7 what -is compared with the “Nine” muses? 12. Read the lines that tell what -lesson the sea-weeds teach. 13. What does the last stanza suggest as a -possible source and use of flowers? 14. Which stanza do you like best?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases18"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref169">born of sunny showers, 64, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref170">sweetly voiceless, 64, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref171">thread the earth, 64, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref172">flashing hues, 65, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref173">sickliest planting, 65, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref174">Babylonian vaunting, 65, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref175">reverent lips, 65, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref176">death to the presuming, 65, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref177">thymy glen, 65, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref178">our rifled tops, 66, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref179">Amazonian plains, 66, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref180">comes pell-mell, 66, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref181">darksome antheming, 66, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref182">planet-pressing ocean, 66, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref183">blue dominions, 67, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref184">’twixt their golden pinions, 67, 9</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span></p> - -<h4>TREES</h4> - -<p class="author">JOYCE KILMER</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I think that I shall never see</div> -<div class="verse">A poem lovely as a tree;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">A tree whose <a href="#phrases19" title="List of phrases" id="ref185">hungry mouth</a> is prest</div> -<div class="verse">Against the <a href="#phrases19" title="List of phrases" id="ref186">earth’s sweet flowing breast</a>;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">A tree that <a href="#phrases19" title="List of phrases" id="ref187">looks at God all day</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">And lifts her leafy arms to pray;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">A tree that may in Summer wear</div> -<div class="verse">A <a href="#phrases19" title="List of phrases" id="ref188">nest of robins in her hair</a>;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Upon whose bosom snow has lain;</div> -<div class="verse">Who intimately lives with rain.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Poems are made by fools like me,</div> -<div class="verse">But only God can make a tree.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Joyce Kilmer (1886-1918) was born in New Brunswick, -N. J. He was one of the first Americans to be deeply moved by Germany’s -challenge to humanity. He gave up his journalistic career in New York, -and enlisted seventeen days after the United States declared war. He was -attached to the Intelligence Department of the army, one of his duties -being to precede the troops before an attack and find out the positions of -the enemy guns. He served during almost the whole of the battle -of the Marne until August first, 1918, when he received a mortal wound. -Kilmer was the first American man of letters to be killed in the war. At -the time of his enlistment he was the editor of poetry for the <cite>Literary Digest</cite>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Do you agree with the poet’s conclusion given in the -first stanza? 2. What is the most beautiful poem you have read? 3. What -fact relating to the tree does the second couplet tell? The third couplet? -The fourth? The fifth? 4. What does the last couplet tell you?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases19"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref185">hungry mouth, 68, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref186">earth’s sweet flowing breast, 68, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref187">looks at God all day, 68, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref188">nest of robins in her hair, 68, 8</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="WINTER">WINTER</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header4.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE GREAT BLIZZARD</h4> - -<p class="author">HAMLIN GARLAND</p> - -<p>A blizzard on the prairie corresponds to a storm at sea; it never -affects the traveler twice alike. Each norther seems to have a -manner of attack all its own. One storm may be short, sharp, -high-keyed, and malevolent, while another approaches slowly, -relentlessly, wearing out the souls of its victims by its inexorable -and long-continued cold and gloom. One threatens for hours -before it comes, the other leaps like a tiger upon the <a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref189">defenseless -settlement</a>, catching the children unhoused, the men unprepared; -of this character was the first blizzard Lincoln ever saw.</p> - -<p>The day was warm and sunny. The eaves <a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref190">dripped musically</a>, -and the icicles dropping from the roof fell occasionally with pleasant -crash. The snow grew slushy, and the bells of wood teams -jingled merrily all the forenoon, as the farmers drove to their -timber-lands five or six miles away. The room was uncomfortably -warm at times, and the master opened the outside door. It -was the eighth day of January. One afternoon recess, as the boys -were playing in their shirt-sleeves, Lincoln called Milton’s attention -to a great cloud rising in the west and north. A vast, slaty-blue,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> -<a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref191">seamless dome</a>, silent, portentous, with edges of silvery -frosty light.</p> - -<p>“It’s going to storm,” said Milton. “It always does when we -have a south wind and a cloud like that in the west.”</p> - -<p>When Lincoln set out for home, the sun was still shining, but -the edge of the cloud had crept, or more properly slid, across the -sun’s disk, and its light was growing cold and pale. In fifteen -minutes more the wind from the south ceased—there was a -moment of <a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref192">breathless pause</a>, and then, borne on the wings of the -north wind, the streaming clouds of soft, large flakes of snow -drove in a level line over the homeward-bound scholars, sticking -to their clothing and faces and melting rapidly. It was not yet -cold enough to freeze, though the wind was colder. The growing -darkness troubled Lincoln most.</p> - -<p>By the time he reached home, the wind was a gale, the snow -a vast blinding cloud, filling the air and hiding the road. Darkness -came on instantly, and the wind increased in power, as -though with the momentum of the snow. Mr. Stewart came -home early, yet the breasts of his horses were already <a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref193">sheathed -in snow</a>. Other teamsters passed, breasting the storm, and calling -cheerily to their horses. One team, containing a woman and -two men, neighbors living seven miles north, gave up the contest, -and turned in at the gate for shelter, confident that they would -be able to go on in the morning. In the barn, while rubbing the -ice from the horses, the men joked and told stories in a jovial -spirit, with the feeling generally that all would be well by daylight. -The boys made merry also, singing songs, popping corn, -playing games, in defiance of the storm.</p> - -<p>But when they went to bed, at ten o’clock, Lincoln felt some -<a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref194">vague premonition</a> of a <a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref195">dread disturbance</a> of nature, far beyond -any other experience in his short life. The wind howled like ten -thousand tigers, and the cold grew more and more intense. The -wind seemed to drive in and through the frail tenement; water -and food began to freeze within ten feet of the fire.</p> - -<p>Lincoln thought the wind at that hour had attained its utmost -fury, but when he awoke in the morning, he saw how mistaken he -had been. He crept to the fire, appalled by the steady, solemn,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span> -<a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref196">implacable clamor</a> of the storm. It was like the roarings of all -the lions of Africa, the hissing of a wilderness of serpents, the -lashing of great trees. It benumbed his thinking, it appalled his -heart, beyond any other force he had ever known.</p> - -<p>The house shook and snapped, the snow beat in muffled, <a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref197">rhythmic -pulsations</a> against the walls, or swirled and lashed upon the -roof, giving rise to strange, <a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref198">multitudinous sounds</a>; now dim and -far, now near and all-surrounding; producing an effect of mystery -and infinite reach, as though the cabin were a helpless boat, -tossing on an angry, limitless sea.</p> - -<p>Looking out, there was nothing to be seen but the lashing of -the wind and snow. When the men attempted to face it, to go to -the rescue of the cattle, they found the air impenetrably filled -with fine, powdery snow, mixed with the dirt caught up from the -plowed fields by a terrific blast, moving ninety miles an hour. -It was impossible to see twenty feet, except at long intervals. -Lincoln could not see at all when facing the storm. When he -stepped into the wind, his face was coated with ice and dirt, as -by a dash of mud—a mask which blinded the eyes, and instantly -froze to his cheeks. Such was the power of the wind that he -could not breathe an instant unprotected. His mouth being once -open, it was impossible to draw breath again without turning -from the wind.</p> - -<p>The day was spent in keeping warm and in feeding the stock -at the barn, which Mr. Stewart reached by desperate dashes, -during the momentary clearing of the air following some more -than usually strong gust. Lincoln attempted to water the horses -from the pump, but the wind blew the water out of the pail. So -cold had the wind become that a dipperful, thrown into the air, -fell as ice. In the house it became more and more difficult to -remain cheerful, notwithstanding the family had fuel and food in -abundance.</p> - -<p>Oh, that terrible day! Hour after hour they listened to that -prodigious, appalling, ferocious uproar. All day Lincoln and -Owen moved restlessly to and fro, asking each other, “Won’t it -ever stop?” To them the storm now seemed too vast; too ungovernable, -to ever again be spoken to a calm, even by God Himself.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span></p> - -<p>It seemed to Lincoln that no power whatever could control such -fury; his imagination was unable to conceive of a force greater -than this war of wind or snow.</p> - -<p>On the third day the family rose with weariness, and looked -into each other’s faces with a sort of horrified surprise. Not -even the invincible heart of Duncan Stewart, nor the cheery good -nature of his wife, could keep a gloomy silence from settling down -upon the house. Conversation was scanty; nobody laughed that -day, but all listened anxiously to the <a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref199">invisible tearing</a> at the shingles, -beating against the door, and shrieking around the eaves. -The frost upon the windows, nearly half an inch thick in the -morning, kept thickening into ice, and the light was dim at mid-day. -The fire melted the snow on the window-panes and upon -the door, while around the key-hole and along every crack, frost -formed. The men’s faces began to wear a grim, set look, and the -women sat with awed faces and downcast eyes full of unshed -tears, their sympathies going out to the poor travelers, lost and -freezing.</p> - -<p>The men got to the poor dumb animals that day to feed them; -to water them was impossible. Mr. Stewart went down through -the roof of the shed, the door being completely sealed up with -solid banks of snow and dirt. One of the guests had a wife and -two children left alone in a small cottage six miles farther on, and -physical force was necessary to keep him from setting out in face -of the deadly tempest. To him the nights seemed weeks, and the -days interminable, as they did to the rest, but it would have been -death to venture out.</p> - -<p>That night, so disturbed had all become, they lay awake listening, -waiting, hoping for a change. About midnight Lincoln -noticed that the roar was no longer so steady, so relentless, and -so high-keyed as before. It began to lull at times, and though -it came back to the attack with all its former ferocity, still there -was a <a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref200">perceptible weakening</a>. Its fury was <a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref201">becoming spasmodic</a>. -One of the men shouted down to Mr. Stewart, “The storm is over,” -and when the host called back a ringing word of cheer, Lincoln -sank into deep sleep in sheer relief.</p> - -<p>Oh, the joy with which the children melted the ice on the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> -window-panes, and peered out on the familiar landscape, dazzling, -peaceful, under the brilliant sun and wide blue sky. Lincoln -looked out over the wide plain, ridged with vast drifts; on -the far blue line of timber, on the near-by cottages sending up -cheerful columns of smoke (as if to tell him the neighbors were -alive), and his heart seemed to fill his throat. But the wind was -with him still, for so long and continuous had its voice sounded -in his ears, that even in the perfect calm his imagination supplied -its loss with fainter, fancied roarings.</p> - -<p>Out in the barn the horses and cattle, hungry and cold, kicked -and bellowed in pain, and when the men dug them out, they ran -and raced like mad creatures, to start the blood circulating in -their numbed and stiffened limbs. Mr. Stewart was forced to -tunnel to the barn door, cutting through the hard snow as if it -were clay. The drifts were solid, and the dirt mixed with the -snow was disposed on the surface in beautiful wavelets, like the -sands at the bottom of a lake. The drifts would bear a horse. -The guests were able to go home by noon, climbing above the -fences, and rattling across the plowed ground.</p> - -<p>And then in the days which followed, came grim tales of suffering -and heroism. Tales of the finding of stage-coaches with the -driver frozen on his seat and all his passengers within; tales of -travelers striving to reach home and families. Cattle had starved -and frozen in their stalls, and sheep lay buried in heaps beside the -fences where they had clustered together to keep warm. These -days gave Lincoln a new conception of the prairies. It taught -him that however bright and beautiful they might be in summer -under skies of June, they could be terrible when the Norther was -abroad in his wrath. They seemed now as pitiless and destructive -as the polar ocean. It seemed as if nothing could live there -unhoused. All was at the mercy of that power, the north wind, -whom only the Lord Sun could tame.</p> - -<p>This was the worst storm of the winter, though the wind -seemed never to sleep. To and fro, from north to south, and -south to north, the dry snow sifted till it was like fine sand that -rolled under the heel with a ringing sound on cold days. After -each storm the restless wind got to work to pile the new-fallen<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> -flakes into ridges behind every fence or bush, filling every ravine -and forcing the teamsters into the fields and out on to the open -prairie. It was a savage and gloomy time for Lincoln, with only -the pleasure of his school to break the <a href="#phrases20" title="List of phrases" id="ref202">monotony of cold</a>.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Hamlin Garland (1860-⸺) was born in Wisconsin. His -father was a farmer-pioneer, who, always eager to be upon the border line -of agricultural development, moved from Wisconsin to Minnesota, from -Minnesota to Iowa, and from Iowa to Dakota. The hope of cheaper acres, -better soil, and bigger crops lured him on.</p> - -<p>When Hamlin Garland turned his attention to literature he was keen -enough to see the literary value of his early experiences. He resolved -to interpret truthfully the life of the western farmer and its great hardships -and limitations, no less than its hopes, joys, and achievements. In doing -this, through a succession of short stories and novels, he won fame and -success. In <cite>A Son of the Middle Border</cite>, an autobiography, he has written -an intensely interesting and valuable record of typical experiences in the -development of the Middle West. This selection is taken from <cite>Boy Life on -the Prairie</cite>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What distinguishes a blizzard from other violent storms? -2. What are the dangers when it comes without ample warning? 3. What -was the manner of attack of this blizzard? 4. What caused the early darkness? -5. What was it in the storm that “appalled” the boy’s heart and -“benumbed his thinking”? 6. What effect had it upon other members -of the household? 7. Has man any power to oppose the violence of such -a storm? 8. What was the velocity of the wind? 9. How long did the -blizzard last? How did it compare in this respect with the ordinary blizzard? -10. What name was given it because of its force, fury, and duration? 11. -What results of the storm proved its violence? 12. What new idea of the -prairie did the storm give the boy Lincoln? 13. Pronounce the following: -recess; infinite; columns; calm; heroism; implacable.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases20"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref189">defenseless settlement, 69, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref190">dripped musically, 69, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref191">seamless dome, 70, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref192">breathless pause, 70, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref193">sheathed in snow, 70, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref194">vague premonition, 70, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref195">dread disturbance, 70, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref196">implacable clamor, 71, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref197">rhythmic pulsations, 71, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref198">multitudinous sounds, 71, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref199">invisible tearing, 72, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref200">perceptible weakening, 72, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref201">becoming spasmodic, 72, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref202">monotony of cold, 74, 4</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE FROST</h4> - -<p class="author">HANNAH F. GOULD</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The Frost looked forth on a still, clear night,</div> -<div class="verse">And whispered, “Now, I shall be out of sight;</div> -<div class="verse">So, through, the valley, and over the height,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In silence I’ll take my way.</div> -<div class="verse">I will not go on like that <a href="#phrases21" title="List of phrases" id="ref203">blustering train</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">The wind and the snow, the hail and the rain,</div> -<div class="verse">That make such a bustle and noise <a href="#phrases21" title="List of phrases" id="ref204">in vain</a>;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">But I’ll be as busy as they!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">So he flew to the mountain, and powdered its crest;</div> -<div class="verse">He lit on the trees, and their boughs he dressed</div> -<div class="verse">With diamonds and pearls; and over the breast</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Of the quivering lake, he spread</div> -<div class="verse">A coat of mail, that it need not fear</div> -<div class="verse">The glittering point of many a spear</div> -<div class="verse">Which he <a href="#phrases21" title="List of phrases" id="ref205">hung on its margin</a>, far and near,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Where a rock could rear its head.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">He went to the window of those who slept,</div> -<div class="verse">And over each pane like a fairy crept;</div> -<div class="verse">Wherever he breathed, wherever he stepped,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">By the morning light were seen</div> -<div class="verse">Most beautiful things!—there were flowers and trees,</div> -<div class="verse">There were bevies of birds and swarms of bees;</div> -<div class="verse">There were cities and temples and towers; and these</div> -<div class="verse indent1">All pictured in silvery sheen!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">But he did one thing that was hardly fair—</div> -<div class="verse">He peeped in the cupboard, and finding there</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That all had forgotten for him to prepare,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span> -<div class="verse indent1">“Now, just to set them a-thinking,</div> -<div class="verse">I’ll bite this basket of fruit,” said he,</div> -<div class="verse">“And this costly pitcher I’ll <a href="#phrases21" title="List of phrases" id="ref206">burst in three</a>!</div> -<div class="verse">And the glass of water they’ve left for me,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Shall ‘tchick’ to tell them I’m drinking.”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Hannah F. Gould (1789-1865) was an American poet, -born at Lancaster, Mass. At the age of eleven she removed with her parents -to Newburyport, Mass., where she lived the rest of her life. A collection -of her poems, entitled <cite>Hymns and Poems for Children</cite>, contains many -beautiful selections.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Why does the poet personify “The Frost”? 2. What -pictures do the following give you: “powdered its crest”; “their boughs he -dressed”? 3. What picture of the window pane does stanza 3 give you? -4. Which line tells you on what kind of night to expect frost?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases21"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref203">blustering train, 75, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref204">in vain, 75, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref205">hung on its margin, 75, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref206">burst in three, 76, 3</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE FROST SPIRIT</h4> - -<p class="author">JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">He comes—he comes—the Frost Spirit comes! You may trace his footsteps now</div> -<div class="verse">On the naked woods and the <a href="#phrases22" title="List of phrases" id="ref207">blasted fields</a> and the brown hill’s withered brow.</div> -<div class="verse">He has smitten the leaves of the gray old trees where their pleasant green came forth,</div> -<div class="verse">And the winds, which follow wherever he goes, have shaken them down to earth.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">He comes—he comes—the Frost Spirit comes!—from the frozen Labrador—</div> -<div class="verse">From the icy bridge of the Northern seas, which the white bear wanders o’er—</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Where the fisherman’s sail is stiff with ice, and the <a href="#phrases22" title="List of phrases" id="ref208">luckless forms</a> below</div> -<div class="verse">In the <a href="#phrases22" title="List of phrases" id="ref209">sunless cold</a> of the lingering night into marble statues grow!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">He comes—he comes—the Frost Spirit comes!—on the rushing Northern blast,</div> -<div class="verse">And the dark Norwegian pines have bowed as his <a href="#phrases22" title="List of phrases" id="ref210">fearful breath</a> went past.</div> -<div class="verse">With an <a href="#phrases22" title="List of phrases" id="ref211">unscorched wing</a> he has hurried on, where the fires of Hecla glow</div> -<div class="verse">On the darkly beautiful sky above and the <a href="#phrases22" title="List of phrases" id="ref212">ancient ice</a> below.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">He comes—he comes—the Frost Spirit comes!—and the quiet lake shall feel</div> -<div class="verse">The <a href="#phrases22" title="List of phrases" id="ref213">torpid touch</a> of his <a href="#phrases22" title="List of phrases" id="ref214">glazing breath</a>, and ring to the skater’s heel;</div> -<div class="verse">And the streams which danced on the broken rocks, or sang to the leaning grass,</div> -<div class="verse">Shall bow again to their winter chain, and in mournful silence pass.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">He comes—he comes—the Frost Spirit comes!—let us meet him as we may,</div> -<div class="verse">And turn with the light of the parlor-fire his evil power away;</div> -<div class="verse">And gather closer the circle round, when that fire-light dances high,</div> -<div class="verse">And laugh at the shriek of the baffled Fiend as his sounding wing goes by!</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_60">see page 60</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Why does the poet personify “The Frost Spirit”? 2. -Why is “Fiend” personified? 3. How can one “trace his footsteps” on -woods and fields? 4. Locate on a map Labrador, the pine region of Norway, -and the volcano of Hecla. 5. What is “the icy bridge of the northern -seas”? 6. What are “the luckless forms below”? 7. Why does the poet say -“In the sunless cold of the lingering night”? 8. What does the poet mean -by “the shriek of the baffled Fiend”?</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases22"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref207">blasted fields, 76, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref208">luckless forms, 77, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref209">sunless cold, 77, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref210">fearful breath, 77, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref211">unscorched wing, 77, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref212">ancient ice, 77, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref213">torpid touch, 77, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref214">glazing breath, 77, 8</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE SNOW STORM</h4> - -<p class="author">RALPH WALDO EMERSON</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Announced by all the trumpets of the sky</div> -<div class="verse">Arrives the snow, and, driving o’er the fields,</div> -<div class="verse">Seems nowhere to alight; the whited air</div> -<div class="verse">Hides hills and woods, the river and the heaven,</div> -<div class="verse">And veils the farmhouse at the garden’s end.</div> -<div class="verse">The steed and traveler stopped, the <a href="#phrases23" title="List of phrases" id="ref215">courier’s feet</a></div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases23" title="List of phrases">Delayed</a>, all friends shut out, the housemates sit</div> -<div class="verse">Around the <a href="#phrases23" title="List of phrases" id="ref216">radiant fireplace</a>, enclosed</div> -<div class="verse">In a <a href="#phrases23" title="List of phrases" id="ref217">tumultuous privacy</a> of storm.</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Come, see the <a href="#phrases23" title="List of phrases" id="ref218">north wind’s masonry</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">Out of an unseen quarry evermore</div> -<div class="verse">Furnished with tile, the fierce artificer</div> -<div class="verse">Curves his white bastions with projected roof</div> -<div class="verse">Round every windward stake, or tree, or door.</div> -<div class="verse">Speeding, the <a href="#phrases23" title="List of phrases" id="ref219">myriad-handed</a>, his wild work</div> -<div class="verse">So fanciful, so savage, naught cares he</div> -<div class="verse">For number or proportion. Mockingly</div> -<div class="verse">On coop or kennel he hangs <a href="#phrases23" title="List of phrases" id="ref220">Parian wreaths</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">A swan-like form invests the hidden thorn;</div> -<div class="verse">Fills up the farmer’s lane from wall to wall,</div> -<div class="verse">Mauger the farmer’s sighs, and at the gate</div> -<div class="verse">A <a href="#phrases23" title="List of phrases" id="ref221">tapering turret</a> overtops the work.</div> -<div class="verse">And when his <a href="#phrases23" title="List of phrases" id="ref222">hours are numbered</a>, and the world</div> -<div class="verse">Is all his own, retiring, as he were not,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Leaves, when the sun appears, astonished Art</div> -<div class="verse">To mimic in <a href="#phrases23" title="List of phrases" id="ref223">slow structures</a>, stone by stone,</div> -<div class="verse">Built in an age, the mad wind’s night-work,</div> -<div class="verse">The <a href="#phrases23" title="List of phrases" id="ref224">frolic architecture</a> of the snow.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) was a native of -Boston, born not far from Franklin’s birthplace. He was the oldest among -that brilliant group of New England scholars and writers that developed -under the influence of Harvard College. Emerson was a quiet boy, but that -he had high ambitions and sturdy determination is shown by the fact that -he worked his own way through college. He is best known for his essays, -full of noble ideas and wise philosophy, but he also wrote poetry. As a poet -he was careless of his meter, making his lines often purposely rugged, -but they are always charged and bristling with thoughts that shock -and thrill like electric batteries. In 1836 he wrote the “Concord Hymn” -containing the famous lines:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Here once the embattled farmers stood</div> -<div class="verse">And fired the shot heard round the world!”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>His poems of nature are clear-cut and vivid as snapshots. “The Humble -Bee,” as a critic puts it, “seems almost to shine with the heat and light of -summer.”</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Picture the scene described in the first five lines. 2. -Compare with the picture given you in the first stanza of “Snow-Flakes,” -page 80. 3. Read in a way to bring out the contrast between the wild storm -and the scene within the “farmhouse at the garden’s end.” 4. What is meant -by “fierce artificer”? 5. What is the “tile” with which the poet imagines -the “unseen quarry” is furnished? 6. Of what are the “white bastions” -made? 7. Does the use of the word “windward” add to the picture and -does such detail add to the beauty of the poem or detract from it? 8. Who -is described as “myriad-handed”? 9. What is the mockery in hanging -“Parian wreaths” on a coop or kennel? 10. What picture do lines 20, 21, -and 22 give you? 11. What does the “mad wind’s night-work” do for Art?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases23"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref215">courier’s feet delayed, 78, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref216">radiant fireplace, 78, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref217">tumultuous privacy, 78, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref218">north wind’s masonry, 78, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref219">myriad-handed, 78, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref220">Parian wreaths, 78, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref221">tapering turret, 78, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref222">hours are numbered, 78, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref223">slow structures, 79, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref224">frolic architecture, 79, 4</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span></p> - -<h4>SNOWFLAKES</h4> - -<p class="author">HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Out of the bosom of the Air,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Out of the <a href="#phrases24" title="List of phrases" id="ref225">cloud-folds</a> of her garments shaken</div> -<div class="verse">Over the woodlands brown and bare,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Over the harvest-fields forsaken,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Silent, and soft, and slow,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Descends the snow.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Even as our <a href="#phrases24" title="List of phrases" id="ref226">cloudy fancies</a> take</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Suddenly shape in some divine expression,</div> -<div class="verse">Even as the troubled heart doth make</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In the white countenance confession,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">The troubled sky reveals</div> -<div class="verse indent2">The grief it feels.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">This is the poem of the air,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Slowly in silent syllables recorded;</div> -<div class="verse">This is the <a href="#phrases24" title="List of phrases" id="ref227">secret of despair</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Long in its <a href="#phrases24" title="List of phrases" id="ref228">cloudy bosom</a> hoarded,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Now whispered and revealed</div> -<div class="verse indent2">To wood and field.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) was born in -Portland, Maine. In “The Courtship of Miles Standish” he has made us -acquainted with his ancestors, John Alden and Priscilla Mullens, passengers -on the <i>Mayflower</i>.</p> - -<p>Longfellow’s education was obtained in Portland and at Bowdoin -College, where he had for classmates several youths who afterward became -famous, notably, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Franklin Pierce. Upon Longfellow’s -graduation, the trustees of the college, having decided to establish -a chair of modern languages, proposed that this young graduate should -fit himself for the position. Three years, therefore, he spent in delightful -study and travel in France, Spain, Italy, and Germany. Here was laid -the foundation for his scholarship, and, as in Irving on his first European<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span> -trip, there was kindled that passion for romantic lore which followed him -through life and which gave direction to much of his work. He mastered the -language of each country visited, in a remarkably short time, and many of -the choicer poems found in these languages he has given to us in English. -After five years at Bowdoin, Longfellow was invited in 1834 to the -chair of modern languages in Harvard College. Again he was given an -opportunity to prepare himself by a year of study abroad. In 1836 he -began his active work at Harvard and took up his residence in the historic -Craigie House, overlooking the Charles River—a house in which Washington -had been quartered for some months when he came to Cambridge -in 1775 to take command of the Continental forces. Longfellow was -thenceforth one of the most prominent members of that group of men -including Sumner, Hawthorne, Agassiz, Lowell, and Holmes, who gave -distinction to the Boston and Cambridge of earlier days.</p> - -<p>For twenty years Longfellow served as a teacher, introducing hundreds -of students to the literature of modern Europe. In his poetry, too, he -exerted a powerful influence for bringing about a relationship between -America and European civilization. He was thus a poet of culture, rendering -a great service at a time when the thought of America was provincial. -He was also a poet of the household, writing many poems about the joys and -sorrows of home life, poems of aspiration and religious faith, poems about -village characters as well as about national heroes. He excels, too, as a -writer of tales in verse. “Evangeline,” a story of the Acadian exiles and -their wanderings; “The Courtship of Miles Standish,” a story of early -colonial life in Massachusetts; and “Hiawatha,” an Indian epic into which -he put a vast amount of legendary matter belonging to the first owners of -our country, are examples of his power in sustained verse narrative. His -ballads, such as “The Skeleton in Armor” and “The Wreck of the Hesperus,” -show his power to handle a legend in brief and stirring form. He was a -writer of almost perfect sonnets, and a writer of prose of distinction. The -most loved and most widely known of American poets, Longfellow helped -to interpret our common life in terms of beauty.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What picture does the first stanza give you? 2. Compare -this picture with that found in the first ten lines of “The Snow Storm,” -page 78, and with that given in the third, fourth, and fifth stanzas of “Midwinter,” -page 82. 3. To what does “her” refer in the second line? 4. Explain -how “the troubled heart” makes “confession in the countenance.” -5. How does the poet fancy “the troubled sky” reveals its grief? 6. What is -“the poem of the air”? 7. What are the “silent syllables” in which “the -poem of the air” is recorded? 8. What is “whispered and revealed”?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases24"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref225">cloud-folds, 80, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref226">cloudy fancies, 80, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref227">secret of despair, 80, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref228">cloudy bosom, 80, 16</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span></p> - -<h4>MIDWINTER</h4> - -<p class="author">JOHN T. TROWBRIDGE</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The speckled sky is dim with snow,</div> -<div class="verse">The light flakes falter and fall slow;</div> -<div class="verse">Athwart the hilltop, rapt and pale,</div> -<div class="verse">Silently drops a silvery veil;</div> -<div class="verse">And all the valley is shut in</div> -<div class="verse">By <a href="#phrases25" title="List of phrases" id="ref229">flickering curtains</a> gray and thin.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">But cheerily the chickadee</div> -<div class="verse">Singeth to me on fence and tree;</div> -<div class="verse">The snow sails round him as he sings,</div> -<div class="verse">White as the down on angels’ wings.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I watch the snow flakes as they fall</div> -<div class="verse">On bank and brier and broken wall;</div> -<div class="verse">Over the orchard, waste and brown,</div> -<div class="verse">All noiselessly they settle down,</div> -<div class="verse">Tipping the apple boughs and each</div> -<div class="verse">Light quivering twig of plum and peach.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">On turf and curb and bower roof</div> -<div class="verse">The snowstorm spreads its <a href="#phrases25" title="List of phrases" id="ref230">ivory woof</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">It <a href="#phrases25" title="List of phrases" id="ref231">paves with pearl</a> the garden walk;</div> -<div class="verse">And lovingly round <a href="#phrases25" title="List of phrases" id="ref232">tattered stalk</a></div> -<div class="verse">And <a href="#phrases25" title="List of phrases" id="ref233">shivering stem</a> its magic weaves</div> -<div class="verse">A mantle fair as lily leaves.</div> -<div class="verse">The hooded beehive, small and low,</div> -<div class="verse">Stands like a maiden in the snow;</div> -<div class="verse">And an old door slab is half hid</div> -<div class="verse">Under an <a href="#phrases25" title="List of phrases" id="ref234">alabaster lid</a>.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">All day it snows; the sheeted post</div> -<div class="verse">Gleams in the dimness like a ghost;</div> -<div class="verse">All day the blasted oak has stood</div> -<div class="verse">A muffled wizard of the wood;</div> -<div class="verse">Garland and airy cap adorn</div> -<div class="verse">The sumac and the wayside thorn,</div> -<div class="verse">And <a href="#phrases25" title="List of phrases" id="ref235">clustering spangles</a> lodge and shine</div> -<div class="verse">In the dark tresses of the pine.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The ragged bramble, dwarfed and old,</div> -<div class="verse">Shrinks like a beggar in the cold;</div> -<div class="verse">In <a href="#phrases25" title="List of phrases" id="ref236">surplice white</a> the cedar stands,</div> -<div class="verse">And blesses him with priestly hands.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Still cheerily the chickadee</div> -<div class="verse">Singeth to me on fence and tree;</div> -<div class="verse">But in my inmost ear is heard</div> -<div class="verse">The music of a holier bird;</div> -<div class="verse">And heavenly thoughts as soft and white</div> -<div class="verse">As snowflakes on my soul alight,</div> -<div class="verse">Clothing with love my lonely heart,</div> -<div class="verse">Healing with peace each bruiséd part,</div> -<div class="verse">Till all my being seems to be</div> -<div class="verse">Transfigured by their purity.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> John Townsend Trowbridge (1827-1916) was an American -author. His home was in Cambridge, Mass., within the shadow of Harvard -College. At one time he was one of the editors of <cite>Our Young Folks’ Magazine</cite>. -“Midwinter” and “Darius Green and His Flying Machine” are two -of his poems most widely known.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Compare the picture that the first stanza gives you with -that given you in the first stanza of “Snow-Flakes” and that given you by -the first ten lines of “The Snow Storm.” 2. Compare the picture that the -fourth stanza gives you with that given by lines 17-22 of “The Snow Storm.” -3. In the fourth stanza, what does the poet say the snowstorm does? 4. -What does the poet mean by “muffled wizard of the wood”? 5. What pictures -does the sixth stanza give you? 6. Which of these descriptions seems<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span> -to you most apt? 7. What does the poet mean by “inmost ear”? 8. Compare -this meaning with that of “inward eye” in Wordsworth’s “The Daffodils” -and with “eyes in the heart” in Lowell’s “To the Dandelion.” 9. What -do the “heavenly thoughts” suggested by the scene do for the poet?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases25"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref229">flickering curtains, 82, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref230">ivory woof, 82, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref231">paves with pearl, 82, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref232">tattered stalk, 82, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref233">shivering stem, 82, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref234">alabaster lid, 82, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref235">clustering spangles, 83, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref236">surplice white, 83, 11</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>BLOW, BLOW, THOU WINTER WIND</h4> - -<p class="author">WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent2">Blow, blow, thou winter wind,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Thou art not so unkind</div> -<div class="verse indent2">As man’s ingratitude;</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Thy tooth is not so keen</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Because thou art not seen,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Although thy breath be rude.</div> -<div class="verse">Heigh-ho! sing, heigh-ho! unto the green holly;</div> -<div class="verse">Most friendship is feigning, most loving mere folly.</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Then heigh-ho! the holly!</div> -<div class="verse indent2">This life is most jolly.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent2">Freeze, freeze, thou bitter sky,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Thou dost not bite so nigh</div> -<div class="verse indent2">As <a href="#phrases26" title="List of phrases" id="ref237">benefits forgot</a>;</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Though thou the waters warp,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Thy sting is not so sharp</div> -<div class="verse indent2">As friend remembered not.</div> -<div class="verse">Heigh-ho! sing, heigh-ho! unto the green holly;</div> -<div class="verse">Most <a href="#phrases26" title="List of phrases" id="ref238">friendship is feigning</a>, most loving mere folly.</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Then heigh-ho! the holly!</div> -<div class="verse indent2">This life is most jolly.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was the greatest English -poet, and was one of the greatest poets the world has ever known. He -wrote for all times and all peoples. He was born at Stratford-on-Avon, -where fifty-two years later he died. At the age of twenty-two he removed -to London, where for twenty years he wrote poems and plays, was an actor, -and later a shareholder in the theater. The last six years of his life he spent -quietly at Stratford.</p> - -<p>This song is from the comedy <cite>As You Like It</cite>, a story of the adventures -of a group of courtiers and rustics in the forest of Arden. A charming -element in Shakespeare’s romantic comedies is the introduction of song-poems -or lyrics. All the writers of those days, the days of Good Queen -Bess, wrote songs. England was “a nest of singing birds.” They were -real songs, too, filled with joy and musical language, and all the people -sang them to the accompaniment of the quaint musical instruments of -the time. And all the people took part in games and pageants in “Merrie -England,” and listened to the strange tales of seafarers, and went to the -playhouse to see Shakespeare’s <cite>As You Like It</cite>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Why is the thought of green holly appropriate in connection -with the winter wind? 2. What feeling does ingratitude arouse? -3. Why does the poet say the “tooth” of the wind is not so keen as man’s -ingratitude? 4. What change of feeling do you notice after line 6? 5. -What do you think caused the change? 6. In the second stanza read lines -that show the poet did not really think that “life is most jolly.” 7. Which -lines explain the poet’s distrust of friendship? 8. Which word in stanza I -is explained by line 3 of stanza 2? 9. Find a word in stanza 1 that gives -the same thought as the second line of the second stanza. 10. Give the -meaning of “warp” in stanza 2 (an old Saxon proverb said, “Winter shall -warp water”).</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases26"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref237">benefits forgot, 84, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref238">friendship is feigning, 84, 18</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>WHEN ICICLES HANG BY THE WALL</h4> - -<p class="author">WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">When icicles hang by the wall,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And Dick the shepherd <a href="#phrases27" title="List of phrases" id="ref239">blows his nail</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">And Tom bears logs into the hall,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And milk comes frozen home in pail,</div> -<div class="verse">When blood is nipp’d, and <a href="#phrases27" title="List of phrases" id="ref240">ways be foul</a>,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Then nightly sings the <a href="#phrases27" title="List of phrases" id="ref241">staring owl</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Tu-whit;</div> -<div class="verse">Tu-who—a merry note,</div> -<div class="verse">While greasy Joan doth <a href="#phrases27" title="List of phrases" id="ref242">keel the pot</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">When all aloud the wind doth blow,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And coughing drowns the <a href="#phrases27" title="List of phrases" id="ref243">parson’s saw</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">And birds sit <a href="#phrases27" title="List of phrases" id="ref244">brooding in the snow</a>.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And Marian’s nose looks red and raw,</div> -<div class="verse">When roasted crabs hiss in the bowl,</div> -<div class="verse">Then nightly sings the staring owl,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Tu-whit;</div> -<div class="verse">Tu-who—a merry note,</div> -<div class="verse">While greasy Joan doth keel the pot.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_85">see page 85</a>.</p> - -<p>This is the second part of a song of four stanzas, found in the comedy -<cite>Love’s Labor’s Lost</cite>. The first two stanzas are descriptive of spring, and -introduce the song of the cuckoo. The last two stanzas are given here.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Do these lines describe life in the city or in the country? -2. What does the use of names, Dick, Tom, Joan, and Marian, add to the -poem? 3. For what use were logs brought into the hall? 4. Can you see -fitness in the use of the word “greasy”? 5. What is the song of the owl? -6. Explain the second line of stanza 2. 7. Why is the owl called “staring”?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases27"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref239">blows his nail, 85, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref240">ways be foul, 85, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref241">staring owl, 86, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref242">keel the pot, 86, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref243">parson’s saw, 86, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref244">brooding in the snow, 86, 7</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span></p> - -<h2 id="PART_II">PART II<br /> -<span class="smaller">ADVENTURES OLD AND NEW</span></h2> - -<p><i>“Some say that the age of chivalry is past. The age of chivalry is never -past, so long as there is a wrong left unredressed on earth, or a man or woman -left to say, ‘I will redress that wrong or spend my life in the attempt.’”</i></p> - -<p class="right">—Charles Kingsley.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/illus4.jpg" width="500" height="260" alt="" /> -<p class="caption-cp">Copyright by Edwin A. Abbey (from a Copley Print, copyright by Curtis & Cameron, Boston)</p> -<p class="caption">THE ROUND TABLE OF KING ARTHUR</p> -<p class="caption">(Galahad is taking his place next to Sir Lancelot, while King Arthur rises to receive the new knight)</p> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="II_INTRO">ADVENTURES OLD AND NEW<br /> -<span class="smaller">INTRODUCTION</span></h3> - -<p>Along with our interest in the world of animals and the plant -world and the seasons, we are curious to know about people. -A good deal of our conversation is about what others say or do. -And when we say of a man, “He <em>does</em> things,” we pay him the -highest possible compliment.</p> - -<p>Ever since man came on the earth he has been “doing things.” -Centuries ago, a man found out how to make fire by striking -pieces of flint together. Then other men discovered strange -things that might be done by means of the mysterious flame -that sprang up. Another man ventured over the hill or mountain -out into the unknown world beyond, or far across the blue water -that seemed to reach to the end of the world. And when the -traveler returned, men listened eagerly to his stories. So from -earliest days men who ventured beyond the beaten track and -did things their fellows were too lazy or too timid to think of -doing have been interesting to those who stayed at home. In -such ways ships were built to carry voyagers to strange places. -In such ways commerce sprang up, for these adventurers brought -back new foods and new objects, and knowledge of men who lived -in strange places. In such ways islands and continents were -discovered and settled, and men made war for the possession of -rich territories, and life for all men became more varied and -interesting through the adventures of the daring ones. For life -is full of zest and interest only in proportion as the spirit of -adventure enters into it.</p> - -<p>The men in former times who stood out above their fellows -because of their deeds were the subjects of song and story. -Minstrels and poets in all times have put into words the wonder -and admiration of the people for the doer of great deeds. Some -stories of this kind you will read in the pages that follow—just -a few of the thousands of stories of adventure that men have<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> -told in song and prose tale. Some of these stories introduce -King Arthur and his Round Table, in the days of chivalry, when -knighthood was in flower. A few of them are old ballads, which -are tales made by the people or by some of their number, and -sung by the people or by minstrels, or by mothers to their children, -and so handed down from one generation to another. And some -of them are very recent indeed, for they spring out of the heroic -deeds of men in the World War that ended in November, 1918.</p> - -<p>This spirit of adventure that makes men willing to face danger, -and even death, to get some new experience or to render some -service, the spirit that makes some men explore strange places, -or seek for the South Pole, or fight in great battles—this spirit -of adventure never dies. Sometimes the story is of a knight clad -in armor, and sometimes it is about a man in khaki who died the -other day that his fellows might live—the spirit is the same. Men -no longer dress like Lancelot, or like George Washington, but -they do the same sort of things. And people like to read of these -things or hear the stories told just as much now as they did when -the first traveler returned to the little village in Greece, or when -Sir Gareth and Sir Gawain won their victories, or when General -Putnam or Mad Anthony Wayne, in our Revolutionary War, performed -some brave act for the American cause. And now, all over -the world, groups gather about the soldier who has returned from -Flanders Fields with his stories of valor. Always the spirit of -adventure lives; always we like to hear what it brings back to -us of news about life. If we have had no chance yet to do a thing -worth men’s praise, we get a larger view of life, a better sense of -what life really means, from reading or hearing such stories. -And we mean to do brave things ourselves, some day, so the stories -thrill us with the sense of what life holds for us.</p> - -<p>These things we must remember, then, as we read. Through -these stories we become partners in all the brave deeds of the -past. And, again, the spirit of adventure is ever-living and is -as keen today as in the past. And, finally, by such stories our -own knowledge of the fine qualities of human nature is increased -and our own experience enlarged so that we become braver -and better because we see what wonderful things life can bring.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="THE_DAYS_OF_CHIVALRY">THE DAYS OF CHIVALRY</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header5.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>KING ARTHUR STORIES</h4> - -<h5><span class="smcap">The Coming of Arthur</span></h5> - -<h6>OF THE BIRTH OF ARTHUR AND HOW HE BECAME KING</h6> - -<p>Long years ago, there ruled over Britain a king called Uther -Pendragon. A mighty prince was he, and feared by all men; -yet, when he sought the love of the fair Igraine of Cornwall, she -would have naught to do with him, so that, from grief and disappointment, -Uther fell sick, and at last seemed like to die.</p> - -<p>Now in those days, there lived a famous magician named -Merlin, so powerful that he could change his form at will, or even -make himself invisible; nor was there any place so remote but -that he could reach it at once, merely by wishing himself there. -One day, suddenly he stood at Uther’s bedside, and said:</p> - -<p>“Sir King, I know thy grief, and am ready to help thee. Only -promise to give me, at his birth, the son that shall be born to -thee, and thou shalt have thy heart’s desire.”</p> - -<p>To this the King agreed joyfully, and Merlin kept his word: -for he gave Uther the form of one whom Igraine had loved dearly, -and so she took him willingly for her husband.</p> - -<p>When the time had come that a child should be born to the -King and Queen, Merlin appeared before Uther to remind him<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> -of his promise; and Uther swore it should be as he had said. -Three days later, a prince was born and, with pomp and ceremony, -was christened by the name of Arthur; but immediately -thereafter the King commanded that the child should be carried -to the postern-gate, there to be given to the old man who would -be found waiting without.</p> - -<p>Not long after, Uther fell sick, and he knew that his end was -come; so, by Merlin’s advice, he called together his knights and -barons and said to them:</p> - -<p>“My death draws near. I charge you, therefore, that ye obey -my son even as ye have obeyed me; and my curse upon him if he -claim not the crown when he is a man grown.”</p> - -<p>Then the King turned his face to the wall and died.</p> - -<p>Scarcely was Uther laid in his grave before disputes arose. -Few of the nobles had seen Arthur or even heard of him, and -not one of them would have been willing to be ruled by a child; -rather, each thought himself fitted to be king, and, strengthening -his own castle, made war on his neighbors until <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref245">confusion alone -was supreme</a>, and the poor groaned because there was none to -help them.</p> - -<p>Now when Merlin carried away Arthur—for Merlin was the -old man who had stood at the postern-gate—he had known all -that would happen, and had taken the child to keep him safe from -the fierce barons until he should be of age to rule wisely and well, -and perform all the wonders prophesied of him. He gave the child -to the care of the good knight Sir Ector to bring him up with his -son Kay, but revealed not to him that it was the son of Uther -Pendragon that was given into his charge.</p> - -<p>At last, when years had passed and Arthur was grown a tall -youth well skilled in <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref246">knightly exercises</a>, Merlin went to the Archbishop -of Canterbury and advised him that he should call together -at Christmas-time all the chief men of the realm to the great -cathedral in London.</p> - -<p>“For,” said Merlin, “there shall be seen a great marvel by -which it shall be made clear to all men who is the lawful king of -this land.” The Archbishop did as Merlin counseled. Under -<a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref247">pain of a fearful curse</a>, he bade barons and knights come to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> -London to keep the feast, and to pray heaven to send peace to -the realm.</p> - -<p>The people hastened to obey the Archbishop’s commands and, -from all sides, barons and knights came riding in to keep the -birth-feast of our Lord. And when they had prayed, and were -coming forth from the cathedral, they saw a strange sight. There, -in the open space before the church, stood, on a great stone, an -anvil thrust through with a sword; and on the stone were written -these words:</p> - -<p>“Whoso can draw forth this sword is rightful King of Britain -born.”</p> - -<p>At once there were fierce quarrels, each man clamoring to be -the first to try his fortune, none doubting his own success. Then -the Archbishop decreed that each should make the venture in -turn, from the greatest baron to the least knight; and each in -turn, having put forth his utmost strength, failed to move the -sword one inch, and drew back ashamed. So the Archbishop -dismissed the company, and having appointed guards to watch -over the stone, sent messengers through all the land to give word -of <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref248">great jousts</a> to be held in London at Easter, when each knight -could give proof of his skill and courage, and try whether the -adventure of the sword was for him.</p> - -<p>Among those who rode to London at Easter was the good Sir -Ector, and with him his son, Sir Kay, newly made a knight, and -the young Arthur. When the morning came that the jousts -should begin, Sir Kay and Arthur mounted their horses and set -out for the lists; but before they reached the field, Kay looked -and saw that he had left his sword behind. Immediately Arthur -turned back to fetch it for him, only to find the house fast shut, -for all were gone to view the tournament. <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref249">Sore vexed</a> was Arthur, -fearing lest his brother Kay should lose his chance of gaining -glory, till, of a sudden, he bethought him of the sword in the -great anvil before the cathedral. Thither he rode with all speed, -and the guards having deserted their posts to view the tournament, -there was none to forbid him the adventure. He leaped -from his horse, seized the hilt, and instantly drew forth the sword -as easily as from a scabbard; then, mounting his horse and thinking<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> -no marvel of what he had done, he rode after his brother and -handed him the weapon.</p> - -<p>When Kay looked at it, he saw at once that it was the wondrous -sword from the stone. In great joy he sought his father, -and showing it to him, said:</p> - -<p>“Then must I be King of Britain.”</p> - -<p>But Sir Ector bade him say how he came by the sword, and -when Sir Kay told how Arthur had brought it to him, Sir Ector -bent his knee to the boy and said:</p> - -<p>“Sir, I perceive that ye are my King, and here I <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref250">tender you -my homage</a>”; and Kay did as his father. Then the three sought -the Archbishop, to whom they related all that had happened; and -he, much marveling, called the people together to the great stone, -and bade Arthur thrust back the sword and draw it forth again -in the presence of all, which he did with ease. But an angry -murmur arose from the barons, who cried that what a boy could -do, a man could do; so, at the Archbishop’s word, the sword was -put back, and each man, whether baron or knight, tried in his -turn to draw it forth, and failed. Then, for the third time, Arthur -drew forth the sword. Immediately there arose from the people -a great shout:</p> - -<p>“Arthur is King! Arthur is King! We will have no King but -Arthur”; and, though the great barons scowled and threatened, -they fell on their knees before him while the Archbishop placed -the crown upon his head, and they swore to obey him faithfully -as their lord and sovereign.</p> - -<p>Thus Arthur was made king; and to all he did justice, righting -wrongs and giving to all their dues. Nor was he forgetful of -those that had been his friends; for Kay, whom he loved as a -brother, he made seneschal and chief of his household, and to -Sir Ector, his <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref251">foster father</a>, he gave broad lands.</p> - -<h6>HOW KING ARTHUR TOOK A WIFE, AND OF THE TABLE ROUND</h6> - -<p>Thus Arthur was made king, but he had to fight for his own; -for eleven great kings drew together and refused to acknowledge -him as their lord, and chief amongst the rebels was King Lot of -Orkney, who had married Arthur’s sister, Bellicent.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span></p> - -<p>By Merlin’s advice Arthur sent for help overseas, to Ban -and Bors, the two great Kings who ruled in Gaul. With their -aid, he overthrew his foes in a fierce battle near the river Trent; -and then he passed with them into their own lands and helped -them drive out their enemies. So there was ever great friendship -between Arthur and the Kings Ban and Bors, and all their kindred; -and afterwards some of the most famous Knights of the -Round Table were <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref252">of that kin</a>.</p> - -<p>Then King Arthur set himself to restore order throughout his -kingdom. To all who would submit and amend their evil ways, -he showed kindness; but those who <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref253">persisted in oppression</a> and -wrong he removed, putting in their places others who would deal -justly with the people. And because the land had become overrun -with forest during the <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref254">days of misrule</a>, he cut roads through -the thickets, that no longer wild beasts and men, fiercer than the -beasts, should lurk in their gloom, to the harm of the weak and -defenseless. Thus it came to pass that soon the peasant plowed -his fields in safety, and where had been wastes, men dwelt again -in peace and prosperity.</p> - -<p>Amongst the lesser kings whom Arthur helped to rebuild their -towns and restore order was King Leodogran, of Cameliard. -Now Leodogran had one fair child, his daughter Guinevere; and -from the time that first he saw her, Arthur gave her all his love. -So he sought counsel of Merlin, his chief adviser. Merlin heard -the King sorrowfully, and said:</p> - -<p>“Sir King, when a man’s heart is set, he may not change. Yet -had it been well if ye had loved another.”</p> - -<p>So the King sent his knights to Leodogran to ask of him his -daughter; and Leodogran consented, rejoicing to wed her to so -good and knightly a king. With great pomp, the princess was -conducted to Canterbury, and there the King met her, and they -two were wed by the Archbishop in the great cathedral, amid the -rejoicings of the people.</p> - -<p>On that same day did Arthur found his Order of the Round -Table, the fame of which was to spread throughout Christendom -and endure through all time. Now the Round Table had been -made for King Uther Pendragon by Merlin, who had meant<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span> -thereby to set forth plainly to all men the roundness of the earth. -After Uther died, King Leodogran had possessed it; but when -Arthur was wed, he sent it to him as a gift, and great was the -King’s joy at receiving it. One hundred fifty knights might -take their places about it, and for them Merlin made sieges, or -seats. One hundred twenty-eight did Arthur knight at that -great feast; thereafter, if any sieges were empty, at the high festival -of Pentecost new knights were ordained to fill them, and by -magic was the name of each knight found inscribed, in letters of -gold, in his proper siege. One seat only long remained unoccupied, -and that was the Siege Perilous. No knight might occupy -it until the coming of Sir Galahad; for, without danger to his life, -none might sit there who was not free from all stain of sin.</p> - -<p><a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref255">With pomp and ceremony</a> did each knight take upon him the -vows of true knighthood: <em>to obey the King; to show mercy to all -who asked it; to defend the weak; and for no worldly gain to -fight in a wrongful cause;</em> and all the knights rejoiced together, -doing honor to Arthur and to his Queen. And all <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref256">men of worship</a> -said it was merry to be under such a chieftain, that would <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref257">put his -person in adventure</a> as other poor knights did. Then they rode -forth to right the wrong and help the oppressed, and by their aid, -the King held his realm in peace, doing justice to all.</p> - -<h6>OF THE FINDING OF EXCALIBUR</h6> - -<p>Now when Arthur was first made king, as young knights will, -he <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref258">courted peril</a> for its own sake, and often would he ride unattended -by lonely forest ways, seeking the adventure that chance -might send him. All unmindful was he of the ruin to his realm -if mischief befell him; and even his trusty counselors, though -they grieved that he should thus imperil him, yet could not but -love him the more for his hardihood.</p> - -<p>So, on a day, he rode through the Forest Perilous where dwelt -the Lady Annoure, a sorceress of great might, who used her magic -powers but for the furtherance of her own desires. And as she -looked from a turret window, she descried King Arthur come -riding down a forest glade, and the sunbeams falling upon him -made one glory of his armor and of his yellow hair. Then, as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> -Annoure gazed upon the King, she resolved that, come what might, -she would have him for her own, to dwell with her always and -<a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref259">fulfill all her behests</a>. And so she bade her men to lower the drawbridge -and <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref260">raise the portcullis</a>, and sallying forth accompanied by -her maidens, she gave King Arthur <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref261">courteous salutation</a>, and -prayed him that he would rest within her castle that day, for that -she had a petition to make to him; and Arthur, doubting nothing of -her good faith, suffered himself to be led within.</p> - -<p>Then was a great feast spread, and Annoure caused the King -to be seated in a chair of state at her right hand, while squires -and pages served him on bended knee. So when they had feasted, -the King turned to the Lady Annoure and said courteously:</p> - -<p>“Lady, somewhat ye said of a request that ye would make. -If there be aught in which I may give pleasure to you, I pray -you let me know it, and I will serve you as knightly as -I may.”</p> - -<p>“In truth,” said the lady, “there is that which I would <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref262">fain -entreat of you</a>, most noble knight; yet suffer, I beseech you, that -first I may show you somewhat of my castle and my estate, and -then will I <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref263">crave a boon of your chivalry</a>.”</p> - -<p>Then the sorceress led King Arthur from room to room of her -castle, and ever each displayed greater store of beauty than the -last. In some the walls were hung with rich tapestries, in others -they gleamed with precious stones; and the King marveled what -might be the petition of one that was mistress of such wealth. -Lastly, Annoure brought the King out upon the battlements, and -as he gazed around him, he saw that since he had entered the -castle there had sprung up about it triple walls of defense that -shut out wholly the forest from view. Then turned he to Annoure, -and gravely said:</p> - -<p>“Lady, greatly I marvel in what a simple knight may give -pleasure to one that is mistress of so wondrous a castle as ye -have shown me here; yet if there be aught in which I may render -you knightly service, right gladly would I hear it now, for I must -go forth upon my way to render service to those whose knight I -am sworn.”</p> - -<p>“Nay, now, King Arthur,” answered the sorceress mockingly,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> -“ye may not deceive me! for well I know you, and that all Britain -bows to your behest.”</p> - -<p>“The more reason then that I should ride forth to right wrong -and succor them that, of their loyalty, <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref264">render true obedience</a> to -their lord.”</p> - -<p>“Ye speak as a fool,” said the sorceress; “why should one that -may command be at the beck and call of every hind and slave -within his realm? Nay, rest thee here with me, and I will make -thee ruler of a richer land than Britain, and satisfy thy every -desire.”</p> - -<p>“Lady,” said the King sternly, “I will hear and judge of your -petition here and now, and then will I go forth upon my way.”</p> - -<p>“Nay,” said Annoure, “there needs not this harshness. I did -but speak for thine advantage. Only vow thee to my service, and -there is naught that thou canst desire that thou shalt not possess. -Thou shalt be lord of this fair castle and of the mighty powers -that obey me. Why waste thy youth in hardship and in the -service of such as shall render thee little enough again?”</p> - -<p>Thereupon, without ever a word, the King turned him about -and made for the turret stair by which he had ascended, but -nowhere could he find it. Then said the sorceress, mocking -him:</p> - -<p>“Fair sir, how think ye to escape without my goodwill? See -ye not the walls that guard my stronghold? And think ye that -I have not servants enough to do my bidding?”</p> - -<p>She clapped her hands and forthwith there appeared a company -of squires who, at her command, seized the King and bore -him away to a strong chamber where they locked him in.</p> - -<p>And so the King abode that night, the prisoner of that evil -sorceress, with little hope that day, when it dawned, should bring -him better cheer. Yet lost he not courage, but kept watch and -vigil the night through, lest the powers of evil should assail him -unawares. And with the early morning light, Annoure came to -visit him. More stately she seemed than the night before, more -tall and more terrible; and her dress was one blaze of flashing -gems so that scarce could the eye look upon her. As a queen -might address a vassal, so greeted she the King, and as condescending<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> -to one of low estate, asked how he had fared that night. -And the King made answer:</p> - -<p>“I have <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref265">kept vigil</a> as behooves a knight who, knowing himself -to be in the midst of danger, would <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref266">bear himself meetly</a> in any -peril that should offer.”</p> - -<p>And the Lady Annoure, admiring his knightly courage, desired -more earnestly even than before to win him to her will, and -she said:</p> - -<p>“Sir Arthur, I know well your courage and knightly fame, and -greatly do I desire to keep you with me. Stay with me and I -promise that ye shall <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref267">bear sway</a> over a wider realm than any -that ye ever heard of, and I, even I, its mistress, will be at your -command. And what lose ye if ye accept my offer? Little -enough; for never think that ye shall win the world from evil, and -men to loyalty and truth.”</p> - -<p>Then answered the King in anger: “Full well I see that thou -art <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref268">in league with evil</a> and that thou but seekest to turn me from -my purpose. I defy thee, foul sorceress. Do thy worst; though -thou slay me, thou shalt never sway me to thy will”; and therewith, -the King raised his cross-hilted sword before her. Then -the lady quailed at that sight. Her heart was filled with hate, -but she said:</p> - -<p>“Go your way, proud King of a <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref269">petty realm</a>. Rule well your -race of miserable mortals, since it pleases you more than to bear -sway over the powers of the air. I keep you not against your -will.”</p> - -<p>With these words she passed from the chamber, and the King -heard her give command to her squires to set him without her -gates, give him his horse, and suffer him to go on his way.</p> - -<p>And so it came to pass that the King found himself once more -at large, and marveled to have won so lightly to liberty. Yet -knew he not the depths of treachery in the heart of Annoure; for -when she found she might not prevail with the King, she bethought -her how, <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref270">by mortal means</a>, she might bring him to -dishonor and death. And so, by her magic art, she caused the -King to follow a path that brought him to a fountain, whereby a -knight had his tent, and, for the love of adventure, held the way<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span> -against all comers. Now this knight was Sir Pellinore, and at -that time he had not his equal for strength and knightly skill, -nor had any been found that might stand against him. So, as -the King drew nigh, Pellinore cried:</p> - -<p>“Stay, knight, for no one passes this way except he joust with -me.”</p> - -<p>“That is not a good custom,” said the King; “and it were well -that ye followed it no more.”</p> - -<p>“It is my custom, and I will follow it still,” answered Pellinore; -“if ye like it not, amend it if ye can.”</p> - -<p>“I will <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref271">do my endeavor</a>,” said Arthur, “but, as ye see, I have -no spear.”</p> - -<p>“Nay, I seek not <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref272">to have you at disadvantage</a>,” replied Pellinore, -and bade his squire give Arthur a spear. Then they <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref273">dressed -their shields</a>, laid their lances in rest, and rushed upon each other. -Now the King was wearied by his night’s vigil, and the strength -of Pellinore was as the strength of three men; so, at the first -encounter, Arthur was unhorsed. Then said he:</p> - -<p>“I have lost the honor on horseback, but now will I encounter -thee with my sword and on foot.”</p> - -<p>“I, too, will alight,” said Pellinore; “small honor to me were -it if I slew thee on foot, I being horsed the while.” So they -encountered each other on foot, and so fiercely they fought that -they hewed off great pieces of each other’s armor, and the ground -was dyed with their blood. But at the last, Arthur’s sword broke -off short at the hilt, and so he stood all defenseless before his foe.</p> - -<p>“I have thee now,” cried Pellinore; “<a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref274">yield thee as recreant</a> or -I will slay thee.”</p> - -<p>“That will I never,” said the King; “slay me if thou canst.”</p> - -<p>Then he sprang on Pellinore, caught him by the middle, and -flung him to the ground, himself falling with him. And Sir Pellinore -marveled, for never before had he encountered so bold and -resolute a foe; but exerting his great strength, he rolled himself -over, and so brought Arthur beneath him. Then Arthur would -have perished, but at that moment Merlin stood beside him, and -when Sir Pellinore would have struck off the King’s head, stayed -his blow, crying:</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Pellinore, if thou slayest this knight, thou puttest the whole -realm in peril; for this is none other than King Arthur himself.”</p> - -<p>Then was Pellinore filled with dread, and cried:</p> - -<p>“Better make an end of him at once; for if I suffer him to -live, what hope have I of his grace, that have dealt with him so -sorely?”</p> - -<p>But before Pellinore could strike, Merlin caused a deep sleep -to come upon him; and raising King Arthur from the ground, he -<a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref275">stanched his wounds</a> and recovered him of his swoon.</p> - -<p>But when the King came to himself, he saw his foe lie, still as -in death, on the ground beside him; and he was grieved, and said:</p> - -<p>“Merlin, what have ye done to this brave knight? Nay, if ye -have slain him, I shall grieve my life long; for a good knight he -is, bold and a fair fighter, though something wanting in knightly -courtesy.”</p> - -<p>“He is in better case than ye are, Sir King, who so lightly -imperil your person, and thereby your kingdom’s welfare; and, as -ye say, Pellinore is a stout knight, and hereafter shall he serve -you well. Have no fear. He shall wake again in three hours and -have suffered naught by the encounter. But for you, it were well -that ye came where ye might be tended for your wounds.”</p> - -<p>“Nay,” replied the King, smiling, “I may not return to my -court thus weaponless; first will I find means to possess me of a -sword.”</p> - -<p>“That is easily done,” answered Merlin; “follow me, and I -will bring you where ye shall get you a sword, the wonder of the -world.”</p> - -<p>So, though his wounds pained him sore, the King followed -Merlin by many a forest path and glade, until they came upon -a mere, bosomed deep in the forest; and as he looked thereon, the -King beheld an arm, clothed in white samite, above the surface -of the lake, and in the hand was a fair sword that gleamed in -the level rays of the setting sun.</p> - -<p>“This is a great marvel,” said the King, “what may it mean?”</p> - -<p>And Merlin made answer: “Deep is this mere, so deep indeed -that no man may fathom it; but in its depths, and built upon -the roots of the mountains, is the palace of the Lady of the Lake.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> -Powerful is she with a power that works ever for good, and she -shall help thee in thine hour of need.”</p> - -<p>Anon the damsel herself came unto Arthur and said: “Sir -Arthur, King, yonder sword is mine and if ye will give me a gift -when I ask it of you, ye shall have it.”</p> - -<p>“By my faith,” said Arthur, “I will give you what ye will ask.”</p> - -<p>Then was Arthur aware of a little skiff, half hidden among -the bulrushes that fringed the lake; and leaping into the boat, -without aid of oar, he was wafted out into the middle of the lake, -to the place where, out of the water, rose the arm and sword. -And leaning from the skiff, he took the sword from the hand, -which forthwith vanished, and immediately thereafter the skiff -bore him back to land.</p> - -<p>Arthur drew from its scabbard the mighty sword, wondering -at the marvel of its workmanship, for the hilt shone with the -elfin light of twinkling gems—diamond and topaz and emerald, -and many another whose name none knows. And as he looked -on the blade, Arthur was aware of mystic writings on the one side -and the other, and calling to Merlin, he bade him interpret them.</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Merlin, “on the one side is written ‘Keep me,’ and -on the other ‘Throw me away.’”</p> - -<p>“Then,” said the King, “which does it behoove me to do?”</p> - -<p>“Keep it,” answered Merlin; “the time to cast it away is not -yet come. This is the <a href="#phrases28" title="List of phrases" id="ref276">good brand Excalibur</a>, or Cut Steel, and -well shall it serve you. But what think ye of the scabbard?”</p> - -<p>“A fair cover for so good a sword,” answered Arthur.</p> - -<p>“Nay, it is more than that,” said Merlin, “for so long as ye -keep it, though ye be wounded never so sore, yet ye shall not bleed -to death.” And when he heard that, the King marveled the more.</p> - -<p>Then they journeyed back to Caerleon, where the knights -made great joy of the return of their lord. And presently, thither -came Sir Pellinore, craving pardon of the King, who made but -jest of his own misadventure. And afterwards Sir Pellinore became -of the Round Table, a knight vowed, not only to deeds of -hardihood, but also to gentleness and courtesy; and faithfully he -served the King, fighting ever to maintain justice and put down -wrong, and to defend the weak from the oppressor.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> The ancient Britons looked out from their little -island home with its protecting seas, and pictured the great unknown world -beyond as a fairyland filled with enchanted cities and wonderful forests, and -peopled by friendly fairies and magicians. About the beginning of our -Christian era the Romans came among them for a time, teaching them -obedience to law. Later, the barbarian hordes came over the North Sea, -to conquer them. But the invaders were resisted by strong leaders among -whom one by the name of Arthur stands pre-eminent. Historians generally -agree that a chieftain of this name actually lived about the close of the fifth -century or the beginning of the sixth. Some say he was from the north, some -from the south, of England. Arthur became not only the great national -hero, but also the champion of Christianity against heathen invaders. He -is said to have united the scattered British clans and to have defeated the -invaders in twelve great battles.</p> - -<p>In their days of distress many of the Britons fled across the Channel -and settled among their kindred, the Bretons of northern France. From -here Welsh bards with their harps wandered throughout all Christendom, -singing of Arthur’s heroic deeds. As time went on these tales of Arthur -became blended with the fairy stories of their old happy dream-life. When -chivalry was at its height, from the twelfth to the fifteenth century, the -strolling minstrels took up the legend, adapting it to the ideals of the times -and to the tastes of their audiences in court and castle and market place.</p> - -<p>In these songs and legends, Arthur appeared as a great king surrounded -at his “Table Round” with valiant knights who, under vows of purity and -holiness, went forth in daily quest of noble deeds. Early in the twelfth -century the legends were carried back to England. A Welsh priest, Geoffrey -of Monmouth, gave a form to these tales which became widely popular, -and later from this version and others, Sir Thomas Malory wrote his story, -“Le Morte D’Arthur” (The Death of Arthur). In 1485, William Caxton, -the first English printer, published Sir Thomas’s story, which became the -chief source of modern poets who have written on this theme. Among -these, the English poet, Tennyson, in his beautiful “Idylls of the King,” -has told the story of Arthur and his knights.</p> - -<p>Britain at the time in which Arthur is supposed to have lived was a -land of warring tribes. Christianity had gained little more than a foothold. -It was an age in which might was greater than right. But when Arthur’s -knights went forth at the command of their king, their aim was to overthrow -the injustice and lawlessness then so common in the land. Wonderful -deeds were done by that little company of brave men, who rode abroad -“redressing wrongs.”</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Is there a historical basis for the stories of Arthur? 2. -How did they become interwoven with myth and legend? 3. When Arthur<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span> -became king, what was the condition of the people of Britain? 4. Why did -the barons oppose Arthur? 5. What reforms did Arthur introduce? 6. Read -lines which show that Arthur thought of the poor as well as of the rich and -the great. 7. What was the Round Table? 8. Read the lines that tell of the -vows made by the knights. 9. What did the knights promise first? 10. -Why do you think Arthur put this first? 11. What reason did Arthur give -the sorceress for not wishing to remain longer in her castle? 12. Find a -word in this speech that explains Arthur’s life. 13. Read lines which show -Arthur’s generosity toward a foe. 14. What ideals of conduct did these -stories uphold in times when might was greater than right? 15. Pronounce -the following: joust; tournament; stanched.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases28"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref245">confusion alone was supreme, 92, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref246">knightly exercises, 92, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref247">pain of a fearful curse, 92, 37</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref248">great jousts, 93, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref249">sore vexed, 93, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref250">tender you my homage, 94, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref251">foster father, 94, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref252">of that kin, 95, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref253">persisted in oppression, 95, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref254">days of misrule, 95, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref255">with pomp and ceremony, 96, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref256">men of worship, 96, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref257">put his person in adventure, 96, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref258">courted peril, 96, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref259">fulfill all her behests, 97, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref260">raise the portcullis, 97, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref261">courteous salutation, 97, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref262">fain entreat of you, 97, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref263">crave a boon of your chivalry, 97, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref264">render true obedience, 98, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref265">kept vigil, 99, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref266">bear himself meetly, 99, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref267">bear sway, 99, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref268">in league with evil, 99, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref269">petty realm, 99, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref270">by mortal means, 99, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref271">do my endeavor, 100, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref272">to have you at disadvantage, 100, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref273">dressed their shields, 100, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref274">yield thee as recreant, 100, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref275">stanched his wounds, 101, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref276">good brand Excalibur, 102, 24</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span></p> - -<h5><span class="smcap">The Story of Gareth</span></h5> - -<h6>HOW BEAUMAINS CAME TO KING ARTHUR’S COURT</h6> - -<p>King Arthur had a custom that at the feast of Pentecost he -would not go to meat until he had heard or seen a great marvel. -And because of that custom all manner of strange adventures -came before him at that feast.</p> - -<p>So Sir Gawain, a little before noon of the day of Pentecost, -saw from a window three men on horseback and a dwarf on foot, -and one of the men was higher than the other two, by a foot and -a half. Then Sir Gawain went unto the King and said, “Sir, go -to your meat, for here at hand come strange adventures.”</p> - -<p>Right so came into the hall two men and upon their shoulders -there leaned the goodliest young man and the fairest that ever -they all saw, and he was tall and large and broad in the shoulders -and the fairest and largest-handed that ever man saw.</p> - -<p>This young man said, “King Arthur, God bless you and all -your fair fellowship. For this cause I am come hither, to pray -you to give me three gifts and they shall not be unreasonably -asked, but you may honorably grant them me. The first gift I -will ask now and the other two I will ask this day twelvemonth.”</p> - -<p>“Now ask,” said Arthur, “and ye shall have your asking.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said the young man, “this is my petition, that ye will -give me meat and drink for this twelvemonth, and at that day I -will ask mine other two gifts.”</p> - -<p>“My fair son,” said Arthur, “ask better, I counsel thee, for -this is but simple asking; for my heart tells me that thou shalt -prove a man of right great honor.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said the young man, “be that as it may, I have asked -that I will ask.”</p> - -<p>“Well,” said the King, “ye shall have meat and drink enough; -I never refused that to friend or foe. But what is thy name?”</p> - -<p>“I cannot tell you,” said the young man.</p> - -<p>“That is strange,” said the King, “that thou knowest not thy -name and thou art the goodliest young man that ever I saw.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span></p> - -<p>Then the King charged Sir Kay, the steward, that he should -give the young man meat and drink of the best as though he -were a lord’s son.</p> - -<p>“There is no need of that,” said Sir Kay, “for I am sure he is -of lowly birth. If he had come of gentlemen he would have asked -of you horse and armor, but such as he is, so he asketh. And as -he hath no name I shall name him Beaumains, that is Fair-hands, -and into the kitchen I shall take him.”</p> - -<p>Then was Sir Gawain wroth and Sir Lancelot bade Sir Kay -stop his mocking of the young man. But Sir Kay bade the young -man sit down to meat with the boys of the kitchen and there he -ate sadly. And then Sir Lancelot bade him come to his chamber -and there he should have meat and drink enough. And this Sir -Lancelot did of his great gentleness and courtesy. And Sir -Gawain proffered him meat and drink, but he refused them both -and thus he was put into the kitchen.</p> - -<p>So he endured all that twelvemonth and never displeased man -nor child, but always he was meek and kindly. But ever when -there was any jousting of knights, that would he see if he might.</p> - -<p>So it passed on till the feast of Pentecost. On that day there -came a damsel into the hall and saluted the King and prayed for -succor for her lady who was besieged in her castle.</p> - -<p>“Who is your lady and what is his name who hath besieged -her?” asked the King.</p> - -<p>“Sir King,” she said, “my lady’s name shall ye not know from -me at this time, but the tyrant that besiegeth her and destroyeth -her lands is called the Red Knight of the Red Lands.”</p> - -<p>“I know him not,” said the King.</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Sir Gawain, “I know him well; men say that he -hath seven men’s strength and from him I escaped once full hard -with my life.”</p> - -<p>“Fair damsel,” said the King, “there be knights here would do -their power to rescue your lady, but because you will not tell her -name, none of my knights shall go with you by my will.”</p> - -<p>Then Beaumains came before the King and said, “Sir King, -I have been this twelvemonth in your kitchen and now I will ask -my two gifts.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Ask,” said the King, “and right gladly will I grant them.”</p> - -<p>“Sir, these shall be my two gifts, first that ye will grant me -to have this adventure.”</p> - -<p>“Thou shalt have it,” said the King.</p> - -<p>“Then, sir, this is the other gift, that ye shall bid Sir Lancelot -to make me knight. And I pray you let him ride after me and -make me knight when I ask him.”</p> - -<p>“All this shall be done,” said the King.</p> - -<p>“Fie on thee,” said the damsel, “shall I have none but one -that is your kitchen boy?”</p> - -<p>Then was she wroth and took her horse and departed from -him.</p> - -<p>And with that there came one to Beaumains and told him his -horse and armor were come and there was the dwarf ready with all -things that he needed in the richest manner. So when he was -armed there were few so goodly men as he was.</p> - -<p>Then Sir Kay said all open in the hall, “I will ride after my -boy of the kitchen, to see whether he will know me for his better.” -And as Beaumains overtook the damsel, right so came Sir Kay -and said, “Beaumains, what, sir, know ye not me?”</p> - -<p>“Yea,” said Beaumains, “I know you for an <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref277">ungentle knight</a> -of the court and therefore beware of me.”</p> - -<p>Therewith Sir Kay put his spear in the rest and ran straight -upon him, and Beaumains came as fast upon him with his sword -and thrust him through the side, so that Sir Kay fell down as if -he were dead and Beaumains took Sir Kay’s shield and spear and -rode on his way.</p> - -<p>When Sir Lancelot overtook him he proffered Sir Lancelot to -joust and they came together fiercely and fought for an hour, and -Lancelot marveled at Beaumains’ strength, for he fought more like -a giant than a knight. So Sir Lancelot said, “Beaumains, <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref278">fight -not so sore</a>; your quarrel and mine is not so great but we may -leave off.”</p> - -<p>“Truly that is truth,” said Beaumains, “but it doth me good -to feel your might.”</p> - -<p>“Hope ye that I may any while stand a proved knight?” said -Beaumains.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Yea,” said Lancelot, “do as ye have done and I shall be <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref279">your -warrant</a>.”</p> - -<p>“Then I pray you,” said Beaumains, “give me the order of -knighthood.”</p> - -<p>“Then must ye tell me your name,” said Lancelot.</p> - -<p>“Sir,” he said, “my name is Gareth, and I am brother unto -Sir Gawain.”</p> - -<p>“Ah, sir,” said Lancelot, “I am more glad of you than I was, -for ever methought ye should be of great blood and that ye came -not to the court for meat or drink.”</p> - -<p>Then Sir Lancelot gave him the order of knighthood and -departed from him and came to Sir Kay and made him to be -borne home upon his shield and he was healed of his wound.</p> - -<p>But when Beaumains had overtaken the damsel, she said, -“What dost thou here? Thou smellest of the kitchen, thy clothes -be soiled with the grease and tallow that thou gainest in King -Arthur’s kitchen. Therefore, turn again, dirty kitchen boy; I -know thee well, for Sir Kay named thee Beaumains.”</p> - -<p>“Damsel,” said Beaumains, “say to me what ye will, I will -not go from you, whatever ye say, for I have undertaken to King -Arthur for to <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref280">achieve your adventure</a> and so shall I finish it to -the end or I shall die therefor.”</p> - -<p>So thus as they rode in the wood, there came a man flying all -that ever he might. “Whither wilt thou?” said Beaumains.</p> - -<p>“O lord,” he said, “help me, for six thieves have taken my lord -and bound him, so I am afraid lest they will slay him.”</p> - -<p>“Bring me thither,” said Beaumains.</p> - -<p>And so they rode together until they came where the knight -was bound and then he rode unto the thieves and slew them all -and unbound the knight. And the knight thanked him and -prayed him to ride with him to his castle and he should reward -him for his good deeds.</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Beaumains, “I will no reward have; I was this day -made knight of noble Sir Lancelot and therefore I will no reward -have but God reward me. Also I must follow this damsel.”</p> - -<p>And when he came nigh her, she bade him ride from her. “For -thou smellest of the kitchen,” she said. Then the same knight<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> -which was rescued rode after the damsel and prayed them to -lodge with him that night, and so that night they had good cheer -and rest.</p> - -<p>And on the morrow the damsel and Beaumains rode on their -way until they came to a great forest. And there was a river -and but one passage and there were two knights to prevent their -crossing. “What sayest thou,” said the damsel, “wilt thou match -yonder knights or turn again?”</p> - -<p>“Nay,” said Sir Beaumains, “I will not turn again if they were -six more.” And therewith he rushed into the water and they -drew their swords and smote at each other and Sir Beaumains -slew both the knights.</p> - -<p>“Alas,” said the damsel, “that a kitchen boy should have the -fortune to destroy two such brave knights.”</p> - -<p>“Damsel,” said Beaumains, “I care not what ye say, so that -I may rescue your lady.”</p> - -<p>“If you follow me,” said the damsel, “thou art but slain, for -I see all that ever thou dost is but by misadventure and not by -might of thy hands.”</p> - -<p>“Well, damsel, ye may say what ye will, but wheresoever ye -go, I will follow you.”</p> - -<p>So Beaumains rode with that lady till evening and ever she -chid him and would not stop. And they came to a black plain -and there was a black hawthorne and thereon hung a black shield -and by it stood a black spear, great and long, and a great black -horse covered with silk.</p> - -<h6>HOW BEAUMAINS FOUGHT WITH THE FOUR KNIGHTS</h6> - -<p>There sat a knight all armed in black armor and his name -was the Knight of the Black Lands. And when the damsel came -nigh he said, “Damsel, have ye brought this knight of King -Arthur <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref281">to be your champion</a>?” “Nay, fair knight,” said she, -“this is but a kitchen boy that was fed in King Arthur’s kitchen -for alms.”</p> - -<p>“Why cometh he,” said the knight, “<a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref282">in such array</a>? It is -shame that he beareth you company.”</p> - -<p>“Sir, I cannot be delivered of him; through mishap I saw<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span> -him slay two knights at the passage of the water and other deeds -he did before right marvelous and by chance.”</p> - -<p>“I marvel,” said the Black Knight, “that any man that is of -honor will fight with him.”</p> - -<p>“They know him not,” said the damsel.</p> - -<p>“That may be,” said the knight, “but this much I shall grant -you; I shall put him down upon foot, and his horse and his armor -he shall leave with me, for it were shame to me to do him any -more harm.”</p> - -<p>When Sir Beaumains heard him say thus, he said, “Sir Knight, -thou art full liberal of my horse and armor. I let thee know it -cost thee nought, and horse nor armor gettest thou none of mine -unless thou win them with thy hands.”</p> - -<p>Then in great wrath they departed with their horses and came -together as it had been thunder. When they had fought for an -hour and a half the Black Knight fell down off his horse in swoon -and there he died. And Beaumains armed him in his armor and -took his horse and rode after the damsel.</p> - -<p>When she saw him come nigh, she said, “Away, kitchen boy, -for the smell of thy clothes grieveth me. Alas, that a kitchen -boy should by mishap slay so good a knight as thou hast done.”</p> - -<p>“I warn you, fair damsel,” said Beaumains, “that I will not -flee away nor leave your company for all that ye can say; therefore, -ride on your way, for follow you I will, whatsoever happen.”</p> - -<p>Thus as they rode together they saw a knight come driving -by them all in green, both his horse and his armor, and when he -came nigh the damsel, he asked her, “Is that my brother, the -Black Knight, that ye have brought with you?”</p> - -<p>“Nay, nay,” she said, “this kitchen boy hath slain your -brother.”</p> - -<p>“Ah! traitor,” said the Green Knight, “thou shalt die for slaying -of my brother.”</p> - -<p>“I defy thee,” said Beaumains, “for I <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref283">slew him knightly</a> and -not shamefully.”</p> - -<p>And then they ran together with all their might and fought -a long while, and at last Beaumains gave the Green Knight such -a buffet upon the helmet that he fell upon his knees. And then<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> -the Green Knight cried for mercy and prayed Sir Beaumains to -slay him not.</p> - -<p>“Fair knight,” said the Green Knight, “save my life and I -will forgive thee the death of my brother and forever <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref284">be thy man</a>, -and thirty knights that follow me shall forever do you service.”</p> - -<p>“Sir Knight,” said Beaumains, “all this availeth thee not unless -this damsel speak with me for thy life.” And therewith he made -a motion as if to slay him.</p> - -<p>“Let be,” said the damsel, “slay him not, for if thou do thou -shalt repent it.”</p> - -<p>Then Beaumains said, “Sir Knight, I release thee at this -damsel’s request.”</p> - -<p>And then the Green Knight kneeled down and did him homage -with his sword, and he said, “Ye shall lodge with me this night -and tomorrow I shall help you through this forest.” So they -took their horses and rode to his manor.</p> - -<p>And ever the damsel rebuked Beaumains and would not allow -him to sit at her table. “I marvel,” said the Green Knight, “why -ye rebuke this noble knight as ye do, for I warn you, damsel, he -is a full noble knight and I know no knight is able to match him, -therefore you do great wrong to rebuke him.”</p> - -<p>And on the morrow they took their horses and rode on their -way and the Green Knight said, “My lord Beaumains, I and -these thirty knights shall be always at your summons both early -and late.”</p> - -<p>“It is well said,” said Beaumains; “when I call upon you ye -must yield you unto King Arthur and all your knights.”</p> - -<p>“If ye so command us, we shall be ready at all times,” said -the Green Knight. So then departed the Green Knight.</p> - -<p>So within a while they saw a town as white as any snow and -the lord of the tower was in his castle and looked out at a window -and saw a damsel and a knight. So he armed him hastily. And -when he was on horseback, it was all red, both his horse and his -armor. And when he came nigh he thought it was his brother, -the Black Knight, and he cried aloud, “Brother, what do ye here?”</p> - -<p>“Nay, nay,” said the damsel, “it is not he. This is but a -kitchen boy. He hath killed thy brother, the Black Knight.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span> -Also I saw thy brother, the Green Knight, overcome by him. -Now may ye be revenged on him.”</p> - -<p>With this the knights came together with all their might and -fought furiously for two hours, so that it was wonder to see that -strong battle. Yet at the last, Sir Beaumains struck the Red -Knight to the earth. And the Red Knight cried mercy, saying, -“Noble knight, slay me not, and I shall yield me to thee with -sixty knights that be at my command. And I forgive thee all -thou hast done to me, and the death of my brother, the Black -Knight.”</p> - -<p>“All this availeth not,” said Beaumains, “unless the damsel -pray me to save thy life.” And therewith he made a motion as if -to slay him.</p> - -<p>“Let be,” said the damsel; “slay him not, for he is a noble -knight.”</p> - -<p>Then Beaumains bade the Red Knight stand up and the Red -Knight prayed them to see his castle and rest there that night. -And upon the morn he came before Beaumains with his three -score knights and offered him his homage and service.</p> - -<p>“I thank you,” said Beaumains, “but this ye shall grant me: -to come before my lord King Arthur and yield you unto him to -be his knight, when I call upon you.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said the Red Knight, “I will be ready at your summons.”</p> - -<p>So Sir Beaumains departed and the damsel, and ever she rode -chiding him.</p> - -<p>“Damsel,” said Beaumains, “ye are <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref285">uncourteous to rebuke</a> me -as ye do, for I have done you good service.”</p> - -<p>“Well,” said she, “right soon ye shall meet a knight who shall -pay thee all thy wages, for he is the greatest of the world, except -King Arthur.”</p> - -<p>And soon there was before them a city rich and fair, and -between them and the city there was a fair meadow and therein -were many pavilions fair to behold.</p> - -<p>“Lo,” said the damsel, “yonder is a lord that owneth yonder -city and his custom is when the weather is fair to joust in this -meadow. And ever there be about him five hundred knights and -gentlemen of arms.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span></p> - -<p>“That goodly lord,” said Beaumains, “would I fain behold.”</p> - -<p>“Thou shalt see him time enough,” said the damsel, and so as -she rode near she saw the pavilion where he was. “Lo,” said she, -“seest thou yonder pavilion that is all blue of color, and the lord’s -name is Sir Persant, the lordliest knight that ever thou lookedst -on?”</p> - -<p>“It may well be,” said Beaumains, “but be he never so stout -a knight, in this field I shall abide until I see him.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” she said, “I marvel what thou art; boldly thou speakest -and boldly thou hast done, that have I seen; therefore I pray thee -save thyself, for thou and thy horse are weary and here I dread -me sore lest ye catch some hurt. But I must tell you that Sir -Persant is nothing in might unto the knight that laid the siege -about my lady.”</p> - -<p>“As for that,” said Sir Beaumains, “since I have come so nigh -this knight, I will prove his might before I depart from him.”</p> - -<p>“Oh,” said the damsel, “I marvel what manner of man ye be, -for so shamefully did never woman treat knight as I have done -you and ever courteously ye have borne it. Alas, Sir Beaumains, -forgive me all that I have said or done against thee.”</p> - -<p>“With all my heart,” said he, “I forgive you and now I think -there is no knight living, but I am able enough for him.”</p> - -<p>When Sir Persant saw them in the field, he sent to them to -know whether Beaumains came in war or in peace.</p> - -<p>“Say to thy lord,” said Beaumains, “that shall be as he -pleases.”</p> - -<p>And so Sir Persant rode against him, and his armor and trappings -were blue, and Beaumains saw him and made him ready -and their horses rushed together and they fought two hours and -more. And at the last Beaumains smote Sir Persant that he fell -to the earth. Then Sir Persant yielded him and asked mercy. -With that came the damsel and prayed to save his life.</p> - -<p>“I will gladly,” said Beaumains, “for it were pity this noble -knight should die.”</p> - -<p>“Now this shall I do to please you,” said Sir Persant, “ye -shall have homage of me and an hundred knights to be always -at your command.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span></p> - -<p>And so they went to Sir Persant’s pavilion to rest that night.</p> - -<p>And so on the morn the damsel and Sir Beaumains took their -leave.</p> - -<p>“Fair damsel,” said Sir Persant, “whither are ye leading this -knight?”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” she said, “this knight is going to rescue my sister, Dame -Liones, who is besieged in the Castle Perilous.”</p> - -<p>“Ah,” said Sir Persant, “she is besieged by the Red Knight -of the Red Lands, a man that is without mercy, and men say -that he hath seven men’s strength. He hath been well nigh two -years at this siege and he prolongeth the time, hoping to have -Sir Lancelot to do battle with him, or Sir Tristam, or Sir Lamorak, -or Sir Gawain.”</p> - -<p>“My lord, Sir Persant,” said the damsel, “I require that ye -will make this gentleman knight before he fight the Red Knight.”</p> - -<p>“I will with all my heart,” said Sir Persant, “if it please him -to take the order of knighthood from so simple a man as I am.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Beaumains, “I thank you for your goodwill, but the -noble knight Sir Lancelot made me knight.”</p> - -<p>“Ah,” said Sir Persant, “of a more renowned knight might ye -not be made knight, for of all knights he may be called chief of -knighthood; and so all the world saith that betwixt three knights -is knighthood divided, Sir Lancelot, Sir Tristam, and Sir Lamorak. -Therefore, God speed ye well, for if ye conquer the Red Knight, -ye shall be called the fourth of the world.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Beaumains, “I would fain be of good fame and -knighthood and I will tell you both who I am. Truly then, my -name is Gareth of Orkney, and King Lot was my father, and my -mother is King Arthur’s sister, and Sir Gawain is my brother and -so Sir Agravaine and Sir Gaheris, and I am youngest of them all: -And yet know not King Arthur nor Sir Gawain who I am.”</p> - -<h6>HOW THE LADY THAT WAS BESIEGED HAD WORD -FROM HER SISTER</h6> - -<p>The lady that was besieged had word of her sister’s coming -by the dwarf, and also how the knight had passed all the perilous -passages.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Dwarf,” said the lady, “I am glad of these things. Go thou -unto my sister and greet her well and commend me unto that -gentle knight and pray him to eat and to drink and make him -strong, and say ye that I thank him for his courtesy and goodness.”</p> - -<p>So the dwarf departed and told Sir Beaumains all as ye have -heard and returned to the castle again. And there met him the -Red Knight of the Red Lands and asked him where he had -been.</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said the dwarf, “I have been with my lady’s sister of -this castle, and she hath been at King Arthur’s court and brought -a knight with her.”</p> - -<p>“Then I count her labor but lost, for though she had brought -with her Sir Lancelot, Sir Tristam, Sir Lamorak, or Sir Gawain, -I would think myself good enough for them all.”</p> - -<p>“It may well be,” said the dwarf, “but this knight hath passed -all the perilous passages and slain the Black Knight and won the -Green Knight, the Red Knight, and the Blue Knight.”</p> - -<p>“Then is he one of the four that I have named.”</p> - -<p>“He is none of those,” said the dwarf.</p> - -<p>“What is his name?” said the Red Knight.</p> - -<p>“That will I not tell you,” said the dwarf.</p> - -<p>“I care not,” said the Red Knight, “what knight soever he -be, he shall have a shameful death as many others have had.”</p> - -<p>And then Beaumains and the damsel came to a plain and saw -many tents and a fair castle and there was much smoke and great -noise and as they came near they saw upon great trees there -hung nigh forty goodly armed knights.</p> - -<p>“Fair sir,” said the damsel, “all these knights came to this -siege to rescue my sister, and when the Red Knight of the Red -Lands had overcome them, he put them to this shameful death -without mercy or pity.”</p> - -<p>“Truly,” said Beaumains, “he useth shameful customs and it -is marvel that none of the noble knights of my lord Arthur have -dealt with him.”</p> - -<p>And there was near by a sycamore tree and there hung a horn -and this Red Knight had hanged it up there, that if there came<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span> -any <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref286">errant knight</a> he must blow that horn and then he would make -him ready and come to him to do battle.</p> - -<p>“Sir, I pray you,” said the damsel, “blow ye not the horn till -it be high noon, for his strength increaseth until noon, and at this -time men say he hath seven men’s strength.”</p> - -<p>“Ah, for shame, fair damsel, say ye so never more to me, for -I will win honorably, or die knightly in the field.”</p> - -<p>Therewith he blew the horn so eagerly that the castle rang -with the sound.</p> - -<p>Then the Red Knight armed him hastily and all was blood red, -his armor, spear, and shield.</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said the damsel, “yonder is your deadly enemy and at -yonder window is my sister.”</p> - -<p>With that the Red Knight of the Red Lands called to Sir -Beaumains, “Sir knight, I warn thee that for this lady I have done -many strong battles.”</p> - -<p>“If thou have so done,” said Beaumains, “it was but waste -labor, and know, thou Red Knight of the Red Lands, I will rescue -her or die.”</p> - -<p>Then Sir Beaumains bade the damsel go from him, and then -they put their spears in their rests and came together with all -their might.</p> - -<p>Then they fought till it was past noon and when they had -rested a while they returned to the battle till evening, but at last -Sir Beaumains smote the sword out of the Red Knight’s hand and -smote him on the helmet, so that he fell to the earth.</p> - -<p>Then the Red Knight said in a loud voice, “O noble knight, I -yield me to thy mercy.”</p> - -<p>But Sir Beaumains said, “I may not with honor save thy life, -for the shameful deaths thou hast caused many good knights -to die.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said the Red Knight, “hold your hand and ye shall -know the causes why I put them to so shameful a death.”</p> - -<p>“Say on,” said Sir Beaumains.</p> - -<p>“Sir, a lady prayed me that I would make her a promise by -the faith of my knighthood that I would labor daily in arms, until -I met Sir Lancelot or Sir Gawain, who, she said, had slain her<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> -brother, and this is the cause that I have put all these knights -to death. And now I will tell thee that every day my strength -increaseth till noon and all this time have I seven men’s strength.”</p> - -<p>Then there came many earls and barons and noble knights -and prayed Sir Beaumains to save his life.</p> - -<p>“Sir,” they said, “it were fairer to take homage and let him -hold his lands of you than to slay him; by his death ye shall have -no advantage, and his misdeeds that be done may not be undone, -and therefore he shall <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref287">make amends</a> to all parties and we all will -become your men and do you homage.”</p> - -<p>“Fair lords” said Beaumains, “I am loath to slay this knight; -nevertheless he hath done shamefully, but insomuch all that he -did was at a lady’s request, I will release him upon this condition, -that he go within the castle and yield him to the lady, and if she -will forgive him, I will. And also when that is done, that ye go -unto the court of King Arthur and there that you ask Sir Lancelot -mercy and Sir Gawain, for the evil will ye have had against -them.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said the Red Knight, “all this will I do as ye command.”</p> - -<p>And so within a while the Red Knight went into the castle -and promised to make amends for all that had been done against -the lady. And then he departed unto the court of King Arthur -and told openly how he was overcome and by whom.</p> - -<p>Then said King Arthur and Sir Gawain, “We marvel much -of what blood he is come, for he is a noble knight.”</p> - -<p>“He is come of full noble blood,” said Sir Lancelot, “and as -for his might and hardiness, there be but few now living so -mighty as he is.”</p> - -<h6>HOW AT THE FEAST OF PENTECOST ALL THE KNIGHTS THAT SIR -GARETH HAD OVERCOME CAME AND YIELDED -THEM TO KING ARTHUR</h6> - -<p>So leave we Sir Beaumains and turn we unto King Arthur, -that at the next feast of Pentecost held his feast, and there came -the Green Knight with thirty knights and yielded them all unto -King Arthur. And so there came the Red Knight, his brother, -and yielded him unto King Arthur and threescore knights with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span> -him. Also there came the Blue Knight, brother to them, with an -hundred knights and yielded them unto King Arthur.</p> - -<p>These three brethren told King Arthur how they were overcome -by a knight that a damsel had with her and called him -Beaumains.</p> - -<p>“I wonder,” said the King, “what knight he is and of what -lineage he is come.”</p> - -<p>So, right as the King stood talking with these three brothers, -there came Sir Lancelot and told the King that there was come a -goodly lord and six hundred knights with him.</p> - -<p>Then this lord saluted the King.</p> - -<p>“Sir,” he said, “my name is the Red Knight of the Red Lands, -and here I am sent by a knight that is called Beaumains, for he -won me in battle hand for hand.”</p> - -<p>“Ye are welcome,” said the King, “for ye have long been a -great foe to me and my court and now I trust to God I shall so -treat you that ye shall be my friend.”</p> - -<p>“Sir, both I and these knights shall always be at your summons -to do you service.”</p> - -<p>“Then I shall make thee a knight of the Table Round, but -thou must be no more a murderer.”</p> - -<p>“Sir, as to that, I have promised Sir Beaumains never more -to use such customs and I must go unto Sir Lancelot and to Sir -Gawain and ask them forgiveness of the evil will I had unto -them.”</p> - -<p>“They be here now,” said the King, “before thee; now may -ye say to them what ye will.”</p> - -<p>And then he kneeled down unto Sir Lancelot and Sir Gawain -and prayed for forgiveness for the enmity that he had against -them.</p> - -<h6>HOW THE QUEEN OF ORKNEY CAME TO THE FEAST</h6> - -<p>So then they went to meat, and as they sat at the meat there -came in the Queen of Orkney with ladies and knights, a great -number. And then Sir Gawain, Sir Agravaine, and Sir Gaheris -arose and went to her and saluted her upon their knees and asked -her blessing, for in fifteen years they had not seen her.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span></p> - -<p>Then she spake to her brother, King Arthur, “Where is my -young son, Sir Gareth? He was here a twelvemonth, and ye -made a kitchen boy of him, which is shame to you all. Alas, -where is my dear son that was my joy and my bliss?”</p> - -<p>“O dear mother,” said Sir Gawain, “I knew him not.” “Nor -I,” said the King, “but thank God he is proved an honorable -knight as any now living of his years, and I shall never be glad -until I find him.”</p> - -<p>“Ah, brother,” said the Queen, “ye did yourself great shame -when you kept my son in the kitchen.”</p> - -<p>“Fair sister,” said the King, “I knew him not, nor did Sir -Gawain. Also, sister, ye might have told me of his coming and -then, if I had not done well to him, ye might have blamed me. -For when he came to my court, he asked me three gifts and one -he asked the same day; that was, that I would give him meat -enough for that twelvemonth, and the other two gifts he asked -that day a twelvemonth and that was that he might have the -adventure for the damsel, and the third was that Sir Lancelot -should make him knight when he desired him. And so I granted -him all his desire.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said the Queen, “I sent him to you well armed and -horsed and gold and silver plenty to spend.”</p> - -<p>“It may be,” said the King, “but thereof saw we none, save -the day he departed from us, knights told me that there came -a dwarf hither suddenly and brought him armor and a good -horse, and thereat we all had marvel from whence those riches -came.”</p> - -<p>“Brother,” said the Queen, “all that ye say I believe, but I -marvel that Sir Kay did mock and scorn him and gave him that -so name Beaumains.”</p> - -<p>“By the grace of God,” said Arthur, “he shall be found, so let -all this pass and be merry, for he is proved to be a man of honor -and that is my joy.”</p> - -<p>Then said Sir Gawain and his brethren to Arthur, “Sir, if ye -will give us leave, we will go and seek our brother.”</p> - -<p>“Nay,” said Sir Lancelot, “that shall ye not need, for by my -advice the King shall send unto Dame Liones a messenger and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> -pray that she will come to the court in all the haste that she may -and then she may give you best counsel where to find him.”</p> - -<p>“That is well said of you,” said the King.</p> - -<p>So the messenger was sent forth and night and day he went -until he came to the Castle Perilous. And the lady was there -with her brother and Sir Gareth. When she understood the message -she went to her brother and Sir Gareth and told them how -King Arthur had sent for her.</p> - -<p>“That is because of me,” said Sir Gareth. “I pray you do -not let them know where I am. I know my mother is there and -all my brethren and they will take upon them to seek me.”</p> - -<p>So the lady departed and came to King Arthur, where she -was nobly received and there she was questioned by the King. -And she answered that she could not tell where Sir Gareth was. -But she said to Arthur, “Sir, I will have a <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref288">tournament proclaimed</a> -to take place before my castle and the proclamation shall be this: -that you, my lord Arthur, shall be there and your knights; and -I will provide that my knights shall be against yours and then -I am sure ye shall hear of Sir Gareth.”</p> - -<p>“That is well advised,” said King Arthur, and so she departed.</p> - -<p>When the Lady Liones returned to her home, she told what -she had done and the promise she had made to King Arthur. -Then Sir Gareth sent unto Sir Persant, the Blue Knight, and -summoned him and his knights. Then he sent unto the Red -Knight and charged him that he be ready with all his knights.</p> - -<p>Then the Red Knight answered and said, “Sir Gareth, ye -shall understand that I have been at the court of King Arthur -and Sir Persant and his brethren and there we have done our -homage as ye commanded us. Also, I have taken upon me with -Sir Persant and his brethren to hold part against my lord, Sir -Lancelot and the knights of that court. And this have I done -for the love of you, my lord Sir Gareth.”</p> - -<p>“Ye have well done,” said Sir Gareth, “but you must know -you shall be matched with the most noble knights of the world; -therefore we must provide us with good knights, wherever we -may get them.”</p> - -<p>So the proclamation was made in England, Wales, Scotland,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> -Ireland, and in Brittany, that men should come to the Castle -Perilous and all the knights should have the choice whether to be -on the one party with the knights of the castle or on the other -party with King Arthur. And so there came many good knights -and chose to be on the side of the castle and against King Arthur -and his knights.</p> - -<h6>HOW KING ARTHUR WENT TO THE TOURNAMENT</h6> - -<p>And there came with King Arthur many kings, princes, earls, -barons, and other noble knights. Then Sir Gareth prayed Dame -Liones and the Red Knight and Sir Persant that none should tell -his name and that they should make no more of him than of the -least knight that was there.</p> - -<p>Upon the day of the tournament the heralds sounded the -trumpets to call the knights to the field. After many noble -knights had encountered, Sir Gareth came upon the field. All the -knights that encountered him were overthrown.</p> - -<p>“That knight is a good knight,” said King Arthur.</p> - -<p>Wherefore the King called unto him Sir Lancelot and prayed -him <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref289">to encounter with that knight</a>.</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Lancelot, “when a good knight doth so well upon -some day, it is no good knight’s part to prevent him from receiving -honor, and therefore, as for me, this day he shall have the -honor; though it lay in my power to hinder him, I would not.”</p> - -<p>Then betwixt many knights there was strong battle, and marvelous -deeds of arms were done. And two knights, who were -brothers, assailed Sir Lancelot at once and he, as the noblest -knight of the world, fought with them both, so that all men wondered -at the nobility of Sir Lancelot. And then came in Sir -Gareth and knew that it was Sir Lancelot that fought with the -two strong knights. So Sir Gareth came with his good horse and -hurled them apart and no stroke would he smite to Sir Lancelot.</p> - -<p>Sir Lancelot saw this and thought it must be the good Knight -Sir Gareth and Sir Gareth rode here and there and smote on the -right hand and on the left hand, so that all men said he best did -his duty.</p> - -<p>“Now go,” said King Arthur unto the heralds, “and ride about<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span> -him and see what manner of knight he is, for I have inquired of -many knights this day that be of his party and all say they know -him not.”</p> - -<p>And so a herald rode as near Sir Gareth as he could and there -he saw written upon his helmet in gold, “Sir Gareth of Orkney.” -Then the herald cried and many heralds with him, “This is Sir -Gareth of Orkney.” Then all the kings and knights pressed to -behold him and ever the heralds cried, “This is Sir Gareth of -Orkney, King Lot’s son.”</p> - -<p>When Sir Gareth saw that he was known, then he doubled his -strokes and with great difficulty made his way out of the crowd, -and rode into the forest. And then fell there a thunder and rain -as though heaven and earth should go together.</p> - -<p>Sir Gareth was not a little weary, for all that day he had but -little rest, neither his horse nor he, and he rode in the forest until -night came. And ever it lightened and thundered but at last by -fortune he came to a castle.</p> - -<h6>HOW SIR GARETH CAME TO A CASTLE WHERE -HE WAS WELL LODGED</h6> - -<p>Then Sir Gareth rode into the courtyard of the castle and -prayed the porter to let him in. The porter answered, “Thou -gettest no lodging here.”</p> - -<p>“Fair sir, say not so, for I am a knight of King Arthur’s, and -pray the lord or the lady of this castle to give me lodging for the -love of King Arthur.”</p> - -<p>Then the porter went unto the lady and told her there was a -knight of King Arthur’s would have lodging.</p> - -<p>“Let him enter,” said the lady, “for King Arthur’s sake.”</p> - -<p>Then she went up into a tower over the gate with great torchlight. -When Sir Gareth saw the light he cried aloud, “Whether -thou be lord or lady, giant or champion, I care not, so that I may -have lodging this night; and if it so be that I must fight, spare -me not tomorrow when I have rested, for both I and mine horse -be weary.”</p> - -<p>“Sir Knight,” said the lady, “thou speakest knightly and -boldly, but the lord of this castle loveth not King Arthur nor his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span> -court, for my lord hath been ever against him and therefore thou -were better not to come within this castle, for if thou come in -this night, then wherever thou meet my lord, thou must yield -thee to him as prisoner.”</p> - -<p>“Madam,” said Sir Gareth, “what is your lord’s name?”</p> - -<p>“Sir, my lord’s name is the Duke de la Rowse.”</p> - -<p>“Well, madam,” said Sir Gareth, “I shall promise you in whatever -place I meet your lord, I shall yield me unto him and to his -good grace, if I understand he will do me no harm; and if I understand -that he will, I will release myself if I can, with my spear -and my sword.”</p> - -<p>“Ye say well,” said the lady, and then she let the drawbridge -down and he rode into the hall and there he alit, and his horse -was led into a stable. And in the hall he unarmed him and said, -“Madam, I will not go out of this hall this night, and when it is -daylight, whoever will fight me shall find me ready.”</p> - -<p>Then was he set unto supper and had many good dishes, and so -when he had supped, he rested him all night. And on the morn -he took his leave and thanked the lady for her lodging and good -cheer and then she asked him his name.</p> - -<p>“Madam,” he said, “truly my name is Gareth of Orkney and -some men call me Beaumains.”</p> - -<p>So Sir Gareth departed and by fortune he came to a mountain -and there he found a goodly knight, who said, “Abide, sir -knight, and joust with me.”</p> - -<p>“What are ye called?” said Sir Gareth.</p> - -<p>“My name is the Duke de la Rowse.”</p> - -<p>“Ah, sir, I lodged in your castle and there I made promise unto -your lady that I should yield me unto you.”</p> - -<p>“Ah,” said the duke, “art thou that proud knight that offerest -to fight with my knights? Make thee ready, for I will fight -with you.”</p> - -<p>So they did battle together more than an hour and at last Sir -Gareth smote the duke to earth and the duke yielded to him.</p> - -<p>“Then must ye go,” said Sir Gareth, “unto King Arthur, my -lord, at the next feast and say that I, Sir Gareth of Orkney, sent -you unto him.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span></p> - -<p>“It shall be done,” said the duke, “and I will do homage to -you, and a hundred knights with me, and all the days of my life -do you service wherever you command me.”</p> - -<h6>HOW SIR GARETH AND SIR GAWAIN FOUGHT -EACH AGAINST OTHER</h6> - -<p>So the duke departed and Sir Gareth stood there alone and -then he saw an armed knight coming toward him. Then Sir -Gareth mounted upon his horse and they ran together as it had -been thunder. And so they fought two hours. At last came the -damsel, who rode with Sir Gareth so long, and she cried, “Sir -Gawain, Sir Gawain, leave thy fighting with thy brother Sir -Gareth.”</p> - -<p>And when he heard her say so he threw away his shield and -his sword and ran to Sir Gareth and took him in his arms and -then kneeled down and asked for mercy.</p> - -<p>“Who are ye,” said Sir Gareth, “that right now were so strong -and so mighty and now so suddenly yield you to me?”</p> - -<p>“O Gareth, I am your brother, Gawain, that for your sake -have had great sorrow and labor.”</p> - -<p>Then Sir Gareth unlaced his helmet and kneeled down to him -and asked for mercy. Then they rose and embraced each other -and wept a great while and either of them gave the other the prize -of the battle. And there were many kind words between them.</p> - -<p>“Alas, my fair brother,” said Sir Gawain, “I ought of right to -honor you, if you were not my brother, for ye have honored King -Arthur and all his court, for ye have sent him more honorable -knights this twelvemonth than six of the best of the Round -Table have done except Sir Lancelot.”</p> - -<p>Then the damsel went to King Arthur, who was but two miles -thence. And when she told him of Sir Gawain and Sir Gareth, the -King mounted a horse and bade the lords and ladies come after, -who that would, and there was saddling and bridling of queens’ -horses and princes’ horses and well was he that was soonest ready.</p> - -<p>And when the King came nigh Sir Gareth, he made great joy -and ever he wept as if he were a child. With that came Gareth’s -mother and when she saw Gareth she might not weep, but suddenly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span> -fell down in a swoon and lay there a great while, as if she -were dead. And then Sir Gareth comforted his mother in such -wise that she recovered and made good cheer.</p> - -<p>Then made Sir Lancelot great cheer of Sir Gareth and he of -him, for there was never knight that Sir Gareth loved so well as -he did Sir Lancelot, and ever for the most part he would be in -Sir Lancelot’s company.</p> - -<p>And this Sir Gareth was a noble knight and a <a href="#phrases29" title="List of phrases" id="ref290">well-ruled and -fair-languaged</a>.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What classes of people are mentioned in this story? -2. Were the people of one class on terms of equality with those of another -class? Do all have equal opportunities under such a system? 3. Upon what -ideal was our government founded? 4. What reason can you give for -Gareth’s wish to keep his name and rank secret? 5. One who wished to -become a knight must first prove himself worthy of the honor; would it be -easy for a kitchen boy to give this proof? 6. If, under such circumstances, -he won the honor, could he feel sure that he had rightfully earned it? -7. What is the test to apply in judging others? 8. What characters in the -story made rank their test? 9. Which one of these acknowledged the -mistake? 10. How did Arthur, Lancelot, and Gawain judge Gareth? -11. Point out lines that help to portray the character of Gareth by -showing: (1) that he wished to win knighthood through ability, not -through influence of his rank and wealth; (2) that he would take no reward -for helping the distressed; (3) that he was not afraid when outnumbered; -(4) that he could not be turned from his purpose by ridicule or injustice; -(5) that he granted mercy to those who asked it; (6) that he would not -take an unfair advantage of an opponent; (7) that he was always courteous; -(8) that he was ready to forgive wrongs done to him; (9) that he desired -to help in righting wrongs in Arthur’s kingdom. 12. What reasons had Arthur -for founding such an order as the Knights of the Round Table? 13. Is it -necessary now to become a member of such an order if one wishes to help -right wrongs? 14. Read the lines that tell of Gareth’s love for Sir Lancelot.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases29"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref277">ungentle knight, 107, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref278">fight not so sore, 107, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref279">your warrant, 108, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref280">achieve your adventure, 108, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref281">to be your champion, 109, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref282">in such array, 109, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref283">slew him knightly, 110, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref284">be thy man, 111, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref285">uncourteous to rebuke, 112, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref286">errant knight, 116, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref287">make amends, 117, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref288">tournament proclaimed, 120, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref289">to encounter with that knight, 121, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref290">well-ruled and fair-languaged, 125, 8</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span></p> - -<h5><span class="smcap">The Peerless Knight Lancelot</span></h5> - -<h6>THE TOURNAMENT AT WINCHESTER</h6> - -<p>King Arthur proclaimed a great joust and a tournament that -should be held at Camelot, that is Winchester; and the King said -that he and the King of Scots would joust against all that would -come against them. And when this proclamation was made, -thither came many knights.</p> - -<p>So King Arthur made him ready to depart to these jousts, -but Sir Lancelot would not ride with the King, for he said he -was suffering from a grievous wound. And so the King departed -toward Winchester <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref291">with his fellowship</a> and by the way he lodged -in a town called Astolat.</p> - -<p>And upon the morn early Sir Lancelot departed and rode until -he came to Astolat and there it happened in the evening, he came -to the castle of an old baron, who was called Sir Bernard -of Astolat. As Sir Lancelot entered into his lodging, King Arthur -saw him and knew him full well.</p> - -<p>“It is well,” said King Arthur unto the knights that were with -him. “I have now seen one knight that will play his play at the -jousts to which we are going. I <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref292">undertake he will do great -marvels</a>.”</p> - -<p>“Who is that, we pray you tell us?” said many knights that -were there at that time.</p> - -<p>“Ye shall not know from me,” said the King, “at this time.”</p> - -<p>And so the King smiled and went to his lodging.</p> - -<p>So when Sir Lancelot was in his lodging and unarmed him in -his chamber, the old baron came to him and welcomed him in the -best manner, but the old knight knew not Sir Lancelot.</p> - -<p>“Fair sir,” said Sir Lancelot to his host, “I would pray you -to lend me a shield that were not openly known, for mine is well -known.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said his host, “ye shall have your desire for meseemeth -ye be one of the <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref293">likeliest knights</a> of the world and therefore I shall<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span> -show you friendship. Sir, I have two sons that were but late made -knights and the elder is called Sir Torre and he was hurt that same -day he was made knight, that he may not ride and his shield ye -shall have, for that is not known, I dare say, but here, and in no -place else. And my younger son is called Lavaine and if it please -you, he shall ride with you unto the jousts and he is of age and -strong and brave; for much <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref294">my heart giveth unto you</a> that ye be -a noble knight. Therefore, I pray you tell me your name,” said -Sir Bernard.</p> - -<p>“As for that,” said Sir Lancelot, “ye must hold me excused at -this time and if God give me grace to speed well at the jousts, I -shall come again and tell you. But, I pray you, in any wise, let -me have your son, Sir Lavaine, with me and that I may have his -brother’s shield.”</p> - -<p>“All this shall be done,” said Sir Bernard.</p> - -<p>This old baron had a daughter that was called at that time -the fair maiden of Astolat and her name was Elaine. So this -maiden besought Sir Lancelot to wear upon him at the jousts a -token of hers.</p> - -<p>“Fair damsel,” said Sir Lancelot, “if I grant you that, I will -do more for you than ever I did for lady.”</p> - -<p>Then he remembered him he would go to the jousts disguised. -And because he had never before that time borne the token of any -lady, then he bethought him that he would wear one of hers, that -none of his blood thereby might know him. And then he said, -“Fair maiden, I will grant you to wear a token of yours upon mine -helmet and therefore what it is, show it me.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” she said, “it is a sleeve of mine, of scarlet, well embroidered -with great pearls.”</p> - -<p>And so she brought it him. So Sir Lancelot received it and -gave the maiden his shield in keeping, and he prayed her to keep -that until he came again.</p> - -<p>So upon a day, on the morn, King Arthur and all his knights -departed, for the King had tarried three days to abide his noble -knights. And so when the King had gone, Sir Lancelot and Sir -Lavaine made them ready to ride and either of them had white -shields, and the red sleeve Sir Lancelot carried with him. So they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span> -took their leave of Sir Bernard, the old baron, and of his daughter -the fair maiden of Astolat.</p> - -<p>And then they rode till they came to Camelot and there was -a great press of kings, dukes, earls, and barons and many noble -knights. But there Sir Lancelot was lodged by means of Sir -Lavaine <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref295">with a rich burgess</a> so that no man in that town knew who -they were. And so they reposed them there, till the day of the -tournament.</p> - -<p>So the trumpets blew unto the field and King Arthur was set -on a high place to behold who did best. Then some of the kings -were that time turned upon the side of King Arthur. And then -on the other party were the King of Northgalis and the King of -the Hundred Knights and the King of Northumberland and Sir -Galahad, the noble prince. But these three kings and this duke -were passing weak to hold against King Arthur’s party, for with -him were the noblest knights of the world.</p> - -<p>So then they withdrew them, either party from other, and -every man made him ready in his best manner to do what he -might. Then Sir Lancelot made him ready and put the red sleeve -upon his head and fastened it fast; and so Sir Lancelot and Sir -Lavaine departed out of Winchester and rode into a little leaved -wood behind the party that held against King Arthur’s party, and -there they held them still till the parties smote together.</p> - -<p>And then came in the King of Scots and the King of Ireland on -Arthur’s party and against them came the King of Northumberland, -and the King with the Hundred Knights smote down the -King of Ireland. So there began <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref296">a strong assail</a> upon both parties. -And there came in together many knights of the Table Round -and beat back the King of Northumberland and the King of -Northgalis.</p> - -<p>When Sir Lancelot saw this, he said unto Sir Lavaine, “See, -yonder is a company of good knights and they hold them together -as boars that were chased with dogs.”</p> - -<p>“That is truth,” said Sir Lavaine.</p> - -<p>“Now,” said Sir Lancelot, “if ye will help me a little, ye shall -see yonder fellowship that chaseth now these men on our side, that -they shall go as fast backward as they went forward.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Sir, spare not,” said Sir Lavaine, “for I shall do what I may.”</p> - -<p>Then Sir Lancelot and Sir Lavaine came in at the thickest of -the press and there Sir Lancelot smote down five knights and all -this he did with one spear; and Sir Lavaine smote down two -knights. And then Sir Lancelot got another spear and there he -smote down four knights and Sir Lavaine smote one.</p> - -<p>And then Sir Lancelot drew his sword and there he smote on the -right hand and on the left hand and by great force he unhorsed -three knights; and then the knights of the Table Round withdrew -them back, after they had gotten their horses as well as they -might.</p> - -<p>“Oh,” said Sir Gawain, “what knight is yonder that doth such, -marvelous deeds of arms in that field?”</p> - -<p>“I know well who he is,” said King Arthur, “but at this time -I will not name him.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Sir Gawain, “I would say it were Sir Lancelot by -his riding and the blows I see him deal, but ever meseemeth it -should not be he, for that he beareth the red sleeve upon his head, -for I know he never wore token of lady at a joust.”</p> - -<p>“Let him be,” said King Arthur; “he will be better known and -do more, or ever he depart.”</p> - -<p>Then the party that was against King Arthur was well comforted -and then they held them together that beforehand were sore -pressed. So nine knights of Lancelot’s kin thrust in mightily, for -they were all noble knights; and they, of great hate that they -had unto him, thought to rebuke that noble knight, Sir Lancelot, -and Sir Lavaine, for they knew them not. And so they came -charging together and smote down many knights of Northgalis -and Northumberland.</p> - -<p>And when Sir Lancelot saw them fare so, he took a spear in his -hand and there encountered with him all at once, Sir Bors, Sir -Ector, and Sir Lionel, and all they three smote him at once with -their spears.</p> - -<p>And with force of themselves they smote Sir Lancelot’s horse -to the earth and by misfortune Sir Bors smote Sir Lancelot -through the shield into the side and the spear broke and the head -was left in his side.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span></p> - -<p>When Sir Lavaine saw his master lie on the ground, he ran -to the King of Scots and smote him to the earth; and by great -force he took his horse and brought it to Sir Lancelot, and in -spite of them all he made him to mount upon that horse. And -then Sir Lancelot took a spear in his hand and there he smote Sir -Bors, horse and man, to the earth. In the same wise he served Sir -Ector and Sir Lionel.</p> - -<p>And then Sir Lancelot drew his sword, for he felt himself so -sore and hurt that he thought there to have had his death. And -he smote down three knights more, but by this was Sir Bors horsed -and then he came with Sir Ector and Sir Lionel and all they three -smote with swords upon Sir Lancelot’s helmet. And when he felt -their buffets and his wound, which was so grievous, then he -thought to do what he might, while he might endure.</p> - -<p>And then he gave Sir Bors such a buffet that he made him bow -his head passing low; and therewith he smote off his helmet and -might have slain him; and so pulled him down, and in the same -wise he served Sir Ector and Sir Lionel. For he might have slain -them, but when he saw their faces his heart <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref297">might not serve him -thereto</a>, but left them there.</p> - -<p>And so afterward he hurled into the thickest press of them all -and did there the most marvelous deeds of arms that ever man -saw or heard speak of, and ever Sir Lavaine, the good knight, with -him. And there Sir Lancelot with his sword smote down and -pulled down more than thirty knights and the most part were of -the Table Round; and Sir Lavaine did full well that day, for he -smote down ten knights of the Table Round.</p> - -<p>“I marvel,” said Sir Gawain, “what knight that is with the red -sleeve.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said King Arthur, “he will be known before he depart.”</p> - -<p>And then the trumpets blew and the prize was given by heralds -unto the knight with the white shield that bore the red sleeve. -Then came the King with the Hundred Knights, the King of -Northgalis and the King of Northumberland and Sir Galahad, the -noble prince, and said unto Sir Lancelot, “Fair knight, God thee -bless, for much have you done this day for us; therefore, we pray<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span> -you that ye will come with us, that ye may receive the honor and -the prize, as ye have honorably deserved it.”</p> - -<p>“My fair lords,” said Sir Lancelot, “if I have deserved thanks, -I have sore bought it; and that me repenteth, for I am like never -to escape with my life; therefore, fair lords, I pray you that ye -will <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref298">suffer me</a> to depart where me liketh, for I am sore hurt. I care -for no honor, for I would more gladly repose me than to be lord -of all the world.”</p> - -<p>And therewithal he groaned piteously and rode away from -them until he came to a wood. And when he saw that he was from -the field nigh a mile, that he was sure he might not be seen, then -he said, “O gentle knight, Sir Lavaine, help me that this spear -were out of my side, for it slayeth me.”</p> - -<p>“O mine own lord,” said Sir Lavaine, “I would fain do that -might please you, but I dread me sore, if I pull out the spear, that -ye shall be in peril of death.”</p> - -<p>“I charge you,” said Sir Lancelot, “as ye love me, draw it out.”</p> - -<p>And therewithal he descended from his horse and right so did -Sir Lavaine; and forthwith Sir Lavaine drew the spear out of his -side and he gave a great shriek and so swooned, pale and deadly.</p> - -<p>“Alas,” said Sir Lavaine, “what shall I do?”</p> - -<p>And so at the last Sir Lancelot cast up his eyes and said, -“O Lavaine, help me that I were on my horse, for here is fast by -within this two miles a gentle hermit, that sometime was a full -noble knight and a great lord of possessions. And for great goodness -he hath taken him to poverty and his name is Sir Baudwin of -Brittany and he is <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref299">a full noble surgeon</a>. Now let see, help me up -that I were there, for ever my heart telleth me that I shall never -die of my cousin’s hands.”</p> - -<p>And then with great pain Sir Lavaine helped him upon his -horse. And then they rode together and so by fortune they came -to that hermitage, the which was in a wood and a great cliff on -the other side and fair water running under it. And Sir Lavaine -beat on the gate and there came a fair child to them and asked -them what they would.</p> - -<p>“Fair son,” said Sir Lavaine, “go and pray thy lord, the hermit, -to let in here a knight that is full sore wounded; and this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span> -day, tell thy lord, I saw him do more deeds of arms than ever I -heard say that any man did.”</p> - -<p>So the child went in lightly and then he brought the hermit, -the which was a passing good man. When Sir Lavaine saw him, -he <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref300">prayed him for succor</a>.</p> - -<p>“What knight is he?” said the hermit. “Is he of the house of -Arthur or not?”</p> - -<p>“I know not,” said Sir Lavaine, “what is he or what is his -name, but well I know I saw him do marvelously this day, as of -deeds of arms.”</p> - -<p>“On whose party was he?” said the hermit.</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Lavaine, “he was this day against King Arthur -and there he won the prize from all the knights of the Round -Table.”</p> - -<p>“I have seen the day,” said the hermit, “I would have loved -him the worse because he was against my lord, King Arthur, for -sometime I was one of the fellowship of the Round Table, but I -thank God, now I am otherwise disposed. But where is he? -Let me see him.”</p> - -<p>And when the hermit beheld him, he thought that he should -know him, but he could not <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref301">bring him to knowledge</a> because he -was so pale.</p> - -<p>“What knight are ye?” said the hermit.</p> - -<p>“My fair lord,” said Lancelot, “I am a stranger and a knight -adventurous, that laboreth throughout many realms for to win -honor.”</p> - -<p>Then the hermit saw by a wound on his cheek that he was -Sir Lancelot.</p> - -<p>“Alas,” said the hermit, “mine own lord, why conceal you -your name from me? Forsooth, I ought to know you of right, -for ye are the noblest knight of the world, for well I know you -for Sir Lancelot.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said he, “since ye know me, help me if ye can, for -I would be out of this pain at once, either to death or to -life.”</p> - -<p>“Have ye no doubt,” said the hermit, “ye shall live and fare -right well.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span></p> - -<p>And so the hermit called to him two of his servants and they -bore him into the hermitage and lightly unarmed him and laid him -in his bed. And then anon the hermit stanched his blood and soon -Sir Lancelot was well refreshed and knew himself.</p> - -<p>Now turn we unto King Arthur and leave we Sir Lancelot in -the hermitage. So when the kings were come together on both -parties and the great feast should be held, King Arthur asked -the King of Northgalis and their fellowship, where was that -knight that bore the red sleeve.</p> - -<p>“Bring him before me, that he may have his praise and honor -and the prize as it is right.”</p> - -<p>Then spake Sir Galahad, the noble prince, “We suppose that -knight is injured and that he is never like to see you nor any of -us all, and that is the greatest pity that ever we knew of any -knight.”</p> - -<p>“Alas,” said Arthur, “how may this be? Is he so hurt? What -is his name?”</p> - -<p>“Truly,” said they all, “we know not his name, nor from -whence he came nor whither he went.”</p> - -<p>“Alas,” said the King, “this be to me the worst tidings that -came to me this seven year, for I would not for all the lands I -possess to know that that noble knight were slain.”</p> - -<p>“Know ye him?” said they all.</p> - -<p>“As for that,” said Arthur, “whether I know him or not, ye -shall not know from me what man he is, but God send me good -tidings of him.”</p> - -<p>“If it so be that the good knight be so sore hurt,” said Sir -Gawain, “it is great damage and pity to all this land, for he is -one of the noblest knights that ever I saw in a field handle a spear -or a sword; and if he may be found, I shall find him, for I am sure -he is not far from this town.”</p> - -<p>Right so Sir Gawain took a squire with him and rode all about -Camelot within six or seven miles, but so he came again and could -hear no word of him. Then within two days King Arthur and all -the fellowship returned unto London again.</p> - -<p>And so as they rode by the way, it happened that Sir Gawain -lodged with Sir Bernard where was Sir Lancelot lodged. And Sir<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span> -Bernard and his daughter, Elaine, came to him to cheer him and -to ask him who did best at that tournament.</p> - -<p>“There were two knights,” said Sir Gawain, “that bore two -white shields, but one of them bore a red sleeve upon his head -and certainly he was one of the best knights that ever I saw joust -in field. For I dare say, that one knight with the red sleeve smote -down forty knights of the Table Round and his fellow did right -well and honorably.”</p> - -<p>“Now I thank God,” said Elaine, “that that knight sped so -well.”</p> - -<p>“Know ye his name?” said Sir Gawain.</p> - -<p>“Nay, truly,” said the maiden, “I know not his name, nor -whence he cometh.”</p> - -<p>“Tell me, then, how had ye knowledge of him first?” said Sir -Gawain.</p> - -<p>Then she told him as ye have heard before, and how her father -intrusted her brother to him to do him service and how her father -lent him her brother’s shield, “And here with me he left his shield,” -she said.</p> - -<p>“For what cause did he so?” said Sir Gawain.</p> - -<p>“For this cause,” said the damsel, “for his shield was too well -known among many noble knights.”</p> - -<p>“Ah, fair damsel,” said Sir Gawain, “please it you let me have -a sight of that shield.”</p> - -<p>So when the shield was come, Sir Gawain knew it was Sir -Lancelot’s shield.</p> - -<p>“Ah,” said Sir Gawain, “now is my heart heavier than ever it -was before.”</p> - -<p>“Why?” said Elaine.</p> - -<p>“I have great cause,” said Sir Gawain; “the knight that owneth -this shield is the most honorable knight of the world.”</p> - -<p>“So I thought ever,” said Elaine.</p> - -<p>“But I dread me,” said Sir Gawain, “that ye shall never see -him in this world and that is the greatest pity that ever was of -earthly knight.”</p> - -<p>“Alas,” said she, “how may this be? Is he slain?”</p> - -<p>“I say not so,” said Sir Gawain, “but he is grievously wounded<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span> -and more likely to be dead than to be alive and he is the noble -knight, Sir Lancelot, for by this shield I know him.”</p> - -<p>“Alas,” said Elaine, “how may this be and what was his -hurt?”</p> - -<p>“Truly,” said Sir Gawain, “the man in the world that loved -him best, hurt him so, and I dare say, if that knight that hurt -him knew that he had hurt Sir Lancelot, it would be the most -sorrow that ever came to his heart.”</p> - -<p>“Now, fair father,” said Elaine, “I require you give me leave -to ride and to seek him and my brother, Sir Lavaine.”</p> - -<p>“Do as it liketh you,” said her father, “for me sore repenteth -of the hurt of that noble knight.”</p> - -<p>Then on the morn Sir Gawain came to King Arthur and told -him how he had found Sir Lancelot’s shield in the keeping of the -fair maiden of Astolat.</p> - -<p>“All that I knew beforehand,” said King Arthur, “for I saw -him when he came to his lodging full late in the evening, in -Astolat.”</p> - -<p>So the King and all came to London and there Sir Gawain -<a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref302">openly disclosed</a> to all the Court, that it was Sir Lancelot that -jousted best.</p> - -<p>And when Sir Bors heard that, he was a sorrowful man and so -were all his kinsmen. And Sir Bors said, “I will haste me to seek -him and find him wheresoever he be and God send me good tidings -of him.”</p> - -<h6>SIR LANCELOT AT THE HERMITAGE</h6> - -<p>And so we will leave Sir Bors and speak of Sir Lancelot that -lay in great peril. So as Elaine came to Winchester she sought -there all about, and by fortune, Sir Lavaine rode forth to exercise -his horse. And anon as Elaine saw him she knew him, and she -called to him. When he heard her, he came to her and then she -asked her brother how did his lord, Sir Lancelot.</p> - -<p>“Who told you, sister, that my lord’s name was Sir Lancelot?”</p> - -<p>Then she told how Sir Gawain by his shield knew him. So -they rode together until they came to the hermitage. So Sir -Lavaine brought her in to Sir Lancelot and when she saw him so<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span> -sick and pale she said, “My lord Sir Lancelot, alas, why be ye in -this plight?”</p> - -<p>But Sir Lancelot said, “Fair maiden, if ye be come to comfort -me, ye be right welcome; and of this little hurt that I have, I shall -be right hastily whole by the grace of God. But, I marvel who -told you my name?”</p> - -<p>Then the fair maiden told him all, how Sir Gawain was lodged -with her father, “And there by your shield he discovered you.”</p> - -<p>So Elaine watched Sir Lancelot and cared for his wound and -did such attendance to him that the story saith that never man -had a kindlier nurse. Then Sir Lancelot prayed Sir Lavaine to -make inquiries in Winchester for Sir Bors and told him by what -tokens he should know him, by a wound in his forehead.</p> - -<p>“For well I am sure that Sir Bors will seek me,” said Sir -Lancelot, “for he is the same good knight that hurt me.”</p> - -<p>Now turn we to Sir Bors that came unto Winchester to seek -after his cousin Sir Lancelot. And so when he came to Winchester, -anon there were men that Sir Lavaine had made to watch for -such a man and anon Sir Lavaine had warning; and then Sir -Lavaine came to Winchester and found Sir Bors and there he told -him who he was and with whom he was and what was his name.</p> - -<p>“Now, fair knight,” said Sir Bors, “I require you that ye will -bring me to my lord, Sir Lancelot.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Sir Lavaine, “take your horse and within this hour -ye shall see him.”</p> - -<p>And so they departed and came to the hermitage. And when -Sir Bors saw Sir Lancelot lie in his bed, pale and discolored, anon -Sir Bors <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref303">lost his countenance</a> and for kindness and pity he might -not speak but wept tenderly for a great while.</p> - -<p>And then, when he might speak, he said thus, “O my lord, -Sir Lancelot, God you bless, and send you hasty recovery; and -full heavy am I of my misfortune and mine unhappiness, for now -I may call myself unhappy. And I dread me that God is greatly -displeased with me, that He would suffer me to have such a shame -for to hurt you, that are our leader and our honor and therefore I -call myself unhappy. Alas, that ever such a miserable knight, as -I am, should have power by unhappiness to hurt the noblest knight<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> -of the world! Where I so shamefully set upon you and over-charged -you, and where ye might have slain me, ye saved me; and -so did not I, for I and your kindred did to you our uttermost. -I marvel, that my heart or my blood would serve me, wherefore, -my lord Sir Lancelot, I ask your mercy.”</p> - -<p>“Fair cousin,” said Sir Lancelot, “ye be right welcome; and -much ye say which pleaseth me not, for I have the same I sought; -for I would with pride have overcome you all, and there in my -pride, I was near slain and that was my own fault, for I might -have given you warning of my being there. And then would I -have had no hurt; for it is an old saying, there is hard battle when -kin and friends do battle, either against other, for there may be no -mercy but mortal war. Therefore, fair cousin, all shall be welcome -that God sendeth; and let us leave off this matter and let -us speak of some rejoicing, for this that is done may not be undone; -and let us find a remedy how soon I may be whole.”</p> - -<p>Then Sir Bors leaned upon his bed and told him how Sir -Gawain knew him by the shield he left with the fair maiden of -Astolat and so they talked of many more things. And so within -three or four days Sir Lancelot was big and strong again.</p> - -<p>Then Sir Bors told Sir Lancelot how there was a great tournament -and joust agreed upon between King Arthur and the King -of Northgalis.</p> - -<p>“Is that the truth?” said Sir Lancelot. “Then shall ye abide -with me still a little while, until that I be whole, for I feel myself -right big and strong.”</p> - -<p>Then were they together nigh a month and ever this maiden -Elaine did her diligent labor for Sir Lancelot, so that there never -was a child or wife meeker to her father or husband, than was -that fair maiden of Astolat; wherefore Sir Bors was greatly -pleased with her.</p> - -<p>So upon a day, Sir Lancelot thought to try his armor and his -spear. And so when he was upon his horse, he stirred him fiercely, -and the horse was passing strong and fresh, because he had not -been labored for a month. And then Sir Lancelot couched that -spear in the rest. That courser leaped mightily when he felt the -spurs and he that was upon him, the which was the noblest horse<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span> -in the world, strained him mightily and kept still the spear in the -rest and therewith Sir Lancelot strained himself with so great -force, to get the horse forward that the wound opened and he felt -himself so feeble, that he might not sit upon his horse.</p> - -<p>And then Sir Lancelot cried unto Sir Bors, “Ah, Sir Bors and -Sir Lavaine, help me, for I am come to my end.” And therewith -he fell down to the earth as if he were dead.</p> - -<p>And then Sir Bors and Sir Lavaine came to him with sorrow. -Then came the holy hermit, Sir Baudwin of Brittany, and when -he found Sir Lancelot in that plight, he said but little, but know -ye well that he was wroth; and then he bade them, “Let us have -him in.”</p> - -<p>And so they all bare him into the hermitage and unarmed him -and laid him in his bed and evermore his wound bled piteously, but -he stirred no limb. Then the knight hermit put a little water in -his mouth and Sir Lancelot waked of his swoon and then the hermit -stanched his bleeding.</p> - -<p>And when he might speak he asked Sir Lancelot why he put -his life in jeopardy.</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Sir Lancelot, “because I thought I had been strong -and also Sir Bors told me that there should be great jousts betwixt -King Arthur and the King of Northgalis and therefore I thought -to try it myself, whether I might be there or not.”</p> - -<p>“Ah, Sir Lancelot,” said the hermit, “your heart and your courage -will never be done, until your last day, but ye shall do now -by my counsel. Let Sir Bors depart from you and let him do at -that tournament what he may. And by the grace of God, by that -the tournament be done, and ye come hither again, Sir Lancelot -shall be as whole as ye, if so be that he will be governed by me.”</p> - -<p>Then Sir Bors made him ready to depart from Sir Lancelot; -and then Sir Lancelot said, “Fair cousin, Sir Bors, recommend -me unto all them unto whom I ought to recommend me. And I -pray you, exert yourself at the jousts that ye may be best, for -my love; and here shall I abide you at the mercy of God till ye -come again.”</p> - -<p>And so Sir Bors departed and came to the court of King Arthur -and told them in what place he had left Sir Lancelot.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span></p> - -<p>“That grieveth me,” said the King, “but since he shall have his -life we all may thank God.”</p> - -<p>And then every knight of the Round Table that was there at -that time present, made him ready to be at the jousts and thither -drew many knights of many countries. And as the time drew -near, thither came the King of Northgalis, and the King with the -Hundred Knights and Sir Galahad, the noble prince, and thither -came the King of Ireland and the King of Scots. So these three -kings came on King Arthur’s party.</p> - -<p>And that day Sir Gawain did great deeds of arms and began -first. And the heralds numbered that Sir Gawain smote down -twenty knights. Then Sir Bors came in the same time, and he -was numbered that he smote down twenty knights and therefore -the prize was given betwixt them both, for they began first and -longest endured.</p> - -<p>Also Sir Gareth did that day great deeds of arms, for he smote -down and pulled down thirty knights. But when he had done -these deeds he tarried not, but so departed, and therefore he lost -his prize. And Sir Palomides did great deeds of arms that day -for he smote down twenty knights, but he departed suddenly, and -men thought Sir Gareth and he rode together to some adventures.</p> - -<p>So when this tournament was done, Sir Bors departed, and -rode till he came to Sir Lancelot, his cousin; and then he found -him on his feet and there either made great joy of other; and so -Sir Bors told Sir Lancelot of all the jousts, like as ye have heard.</p> - -<p>“I marvel,” said Sir Lancelot, “at Sir Gareth when he had -done such deeds of arms, that he would not tarry.”</p> - -<p>“Thereof we marvel all,” said Sir Bors, “for except you, or -Sir Tristam, or Sir Lamorak, I saw never knight bear down so -many in so little a while, as did Sir Gareth, and anon he was -gone, we knew not where.”</p> - -<p>“By my head,” said Sir Lancelot, “he is a noble knight and a -mighty man and well breathed; and if he were well tried, I would -think he were good enough for any knight that beareth the life; -and he is a gentle knight, courteous, true, bounteous, meek, and -mild, and in him is no manner of evil, but he is plain, faithful, -and true.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span></p> - -<p>So then they made them ready to depart from the hermit. And -so upon a morn, they took their horses and Elaine with them and -when they came to Astolat, they were well lodged and had great -cheer of Sir Bernard, the old baron, and of Sir Torre, his son. -And upon the morrow, Sir Lancelot took his leave and came unto -Winchester.</p> - -<p>And when King Arthur knew that Sir Lancelot was come whole -and sound the King made great joy of him, and so did Sir Gawain -and all the knights except Sir Agravaine and Sir Modred.</p> - -<h6>THE DEATH OF ELAINE</h6> - -<p>Now speak we of the fair maiden of Astolat, that made such -sorrow day and night that she never slept, ate, or drank because -she grieved so for Sir Lancelot. So when she had thus endured -ten days, she became so feeble that she knew she must die.</p> - -<p>And then she called her father, Sir Bernard, and her brother, -Sir Torre, and heartily she prayed her father that her brother -might write a letter as she did tell him, and so her father granted -her. And when the letter was written, word by word as she said, -then she prayed her father, saying, “When I am dead, let this -letter be put in my right hand and my hand bound fast with the -letter, and let me be put in a fair bed with all the richest clothes -that I have about me, and so let my bed be laid with me in a -chariot and carried unto the Thames. And there let me be put -within a barge and but one man with me, such as ye trust to steer -me thither. And let my barge be covered with black samite over -and over; thus, father, I beseech you let it be done.”</p> - -<p>So her father granted it her faithfully, all things should be -done as she asked. Then her father and her brother made great -sorrow, for they knew she was dying. And so when she was dead -her body was placed in a barge and a man steered the barge unto -Westminster, and there he rowed a great while to and fro before -any saw him.</p> - -<p>So by fortune, King Arthur and Queen Guinevere were speaking -together at a window and so as they looked out on the Thames, -they saw this black barge and marveled what it meant. Then the -King called Sir Kay and showed it to him.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Go thither,” said the King to Sir Kay, “and take with you -Sir Brandiles and Sir Agravaine and bring word what is -there.”</p> - -<p>Then these knights departed and came to the barge and went -in; and there they found the fair maiden lying in a rich bed, and -a poor man sitting in the barge’s end and no word would he speak. -So these knights returned unto the King again and told him what -they found.</p> - -<p>And then the King took the Queen by the hand and went -thither. Then the King made the barge to be held fast and then -the King and Queen entered with certain knights with them, and -there they saw the fairest maiden in a rich bed, covered with -many rich clothes and all was cloth of gold, and she lay as though -she smiled.</p> - -<p>Then the Queen saw a letter in her right hand and told the -King. Then the King took it and said, “Now I am sure this letter -will tell what she was and why she is come hither.”</p> - -<p>So then the King and the Queen went out of the barge, and so -when the King was come within his chamber, he called many -knights about him, and said he would know openly what was -written within that letter. Then the King opened it and made a -clerk read it, and this was the letter:</p> - -<p>“Most noble knight, Sir Lancelot, I was called the Fair Maiden -of Astolat. Pray for my soul and give me burial at least. This -is my last request. Pray for my soul, Sir Lancelot, as thou art -a peerless knight.”</p> - -<p>This was all the substance of the letter. And when it was -read, the King, the Queen, and all the knights wept for pity. Then -was Sir Lancelot sent for; and when he was come King Arthur -made the letter to be read to him.</p> - -<p>And when Sir Lancelot heard it word by word, he said, “My -lord, King Arthur, I am right sorrowful because of the death of -this fair damsel. She was both fair and good and much was I -indebted to her for her care. I offered her for her kindness that -she showed me, a thousand pounds yearly, whensoever she would -wed some good knight, and always while I live to be her own -knight.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span></p> - -<p>Then said the King unto Sir Lancelot, “It will be to your honor -that ye see that she be buried honorably.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Sir Lancelot, “that shall be done as I can best do it.”</p> - -<p>And so upon the morn she was buried richly, and all the -knights of the Round Table were there with Sir Lancelot. And -then the poor man went again with the barge.</p> - -<h6>THE TOURNAMENT AT WESTMINSTER</h6> - -<p>So time passed on till Christmas and then every day there -were jousts made for a diamond, who that jousted best should -have a diamond. But Sir Lancelot would not joust, but if it were -at a great joust. But Sir Lavaine jousted there passing well and -best was praised, for there were but few that did so well. Wherefore, -all manner of knights thought that Sir Lavaine should be -made Knight of the Round Table at the next feast of Pentecost. -So after Christmas, King Arthur called unto him many knights -and there they advised together to make a great tournament. -And the King of Northgalis said to Arthur that he would have -on his party the King of Ireland and the King with the Hundred -Knights and the King of Northumberland and Sir Galahad, the -noble prince. And so then four kings and this mighty duke took -part against King Arthur and the Knights of the Table Round.</p> - -<p>And the proclamation was made that the jousts should be at -Westminster, and so the knights made them ready to be at the -jousts in the freshest manner. Then Queen Guinevere sent for -Sir Lancelot and said thus, “I forbid you that ye ride in jousts -or tournaments, unless your kinsmen know you. And at these -jousts that be, ye shall have of me a sleeve of gold, and I charge -you, that ye warn your kinsmen that ye will bear that day the -sleeve of gold upon your helmet.”</p> - -<p>“Madam,” said Sir Lancelot, “it shall be done.”</p> - -<p>And when Sir Lancelot saw his time, he told Sir Bors that he -would depart and have no one with him but Sir Lavaine, unto the -good hermit that dwelt in the forest of Windsor, and there he -thought to repose him and take all the rest that he might, so that -he would be fresh at that day of jousts.</p> - -<p>So Sir Lancelot and Sir Lavaine departed, that no creature<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> -knew where he was gone, but the noble men of his blood. And -when he was come to the hermitage he had good cheer. And so -daily Sir Lancelot would go to a well, fast by the hermitage and -there he would lie down and see the well spring and bubble, and -sometimes he slept there.</p> - -<p>So when the day was come Sir Lancelot planned that he should -be arrayed, and Sir Lavaine and their horses, as though they were -Saracens, and so they departed and came nigh to the field.</p> - -<p>The King of Northgalis brought with him a hundred knights, -and the King of Northumberland brought with him a hundred -good knights, and the King of Ireland brought with him a hundred -good knights ready to joust, and Sir Galahad brought with him a -hundred good knights, and the King with the Hundred Knights -brought with him as many, and all these were proved good -knights.</p> - -<p>Then came in King Arthur’s party, and there came in the -King of Scots with a hundred knights, and King Uriens brought -with him a hundred knights, and King Howel of Brittany brought -with him a hundred knights, and King Arthur himself came into -the field with two hundred knights and the most part were knights -of the Table Round, that were proved noble knights, and there -were old knights set in a high place, to judge with the Queen who -did best.</p> - -<p>Then the heralds blew the call to the field, and then the King -of Northgalis encountered with the King of Scots and then the -King of Scots had a fall: and the King of Ireland smote down King -Uriens and the King of Northumberland smote down King Howel -of Brittany. And then King Arthur was wroth and ran to the -King with the Hundred Knights and there King Arthur smote him -down; and after, with that same spear, King Arthur smote down -three other knights. And when his spear was broken, King Arthur -did exceedingly well; and so therewith came in Sir Gawain and -Sir Gaheris, Sir Agravaine and Sir Modred, and there each of -them smote down a knight, and Sir Gawain smote down four -knights.</p> - -<p>Then began a strong battle, for there came in the knights of -Sir Lancelot’s kindred and Sir Gareth and Sir Palomides with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> -them, and many knights of the Table Round, and they began to -press the four kings and the mighty duke so hard that they were -discomfited; but this Duke Galahad was a noble knight and by -his <a href="#phrases30" title="List of phrases" id="ref304">mighty prowess</a> he held back the knights of the Table Round.</p> - -<p>All this saw Sir Lancelot and then he came into the field with -Sir Lavaine as if it had been thunder. And then anon Sir Bors -and the knights of his kindred saw Sir Lancelot, and Sir Bors said -to them all, “I warn you beware of him with the sleeve of gold -upon his head, for he is Sir Lancelot himself.”</p> - -<p>And for great goodness Sir Bors warned Sir Gareth. “I am -well satisfied,” said Sir Gareth, “that I may know him.” “But -who is he,” said they all, “that rideth with him in the same -array?”</p> - -<p>“That is the good and gentle knight, Sir Lavaine,” said Sir -Bors.</p> - -<p>So Sir Lancelot encountered with Sir Gawain and there by -force Sir Lancelot smote down Sir Gawain and his horse to the -earth, and so he smote down Sir Agravaine and Sir Gaheris and -also he smote down Sir Modred, and all this was with one spear. -Then Sir Lavaine met with Sir Palomides and either met other so -hard and so fiercely, that both their horses fell to the earth. And -then they were horsed again, and then met Sir Lancelot with Sir -Palomides and there Sir Palomides had a fall; and so Sir Lancelot, -without stopping, as fast as he might get spears, smote down thirty -knights and the most part of them were knights of the Table -Round; and ever the knights of his kindred withdrew and fought -in other places where Sir Lancelot came not.</p> - -<p>And then King Arthur was wroth when he saw Lancelot do -such deeds for he knew not that it was Sir Lancelot; and then -the King called unto him nine knights and so the King with these -knights made ready to set upon Sir Lancelot and Sir Lavaine.</p> - -<p>All this saw Sir Bors and Sir Gareth.</p> - -<p>“Now I dread me sore,” said Sir Bors, “that my lord Sir Lancelot -will be hard matched.”</p> - -<p>“By my head,” said Sir Gareth, “I will ride unto my lord Sir -Lancelot, to help him, come what may; for he is the same man -that made me knight.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Ye shall not do so by mine counsel,” said Sir Bors, “unless -that ye were disguised.”</p> - -<p>“Ye shall see me disguised,” said Sir Gareth.</p> - -<p>Therewithal he saw a Welsh knight, who was sore hurt -by Sir Gawain, and to him Gareth rode and prayed him of his -knighthood to lend him his green shield in exchange for his -own.</p> - -<p>“I will gladly,” said the Welsh knight.</p> - -<p>Then Sir Gareth came driving to Sir Lancelot all he might and -said, “Knight, defend thyself, for yonder cometh King Arthur -with nine knights with him to overcome you, and so I am come -to bear you fellowship for old love ye have showed me.”</p> - -<p>“I thank you greatly,” said Sir Lancelot.</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Gareth, “encounter ye with Sir Gawain and I will -encounter with Sir Palomides and let Sir Lavaine match with the -noble King Arthur.”</p> - -<p>Then came King Arthur with his nine knights with him, and -Sir Lancelot encountered with Sir Gawain and gave him such a -buffet that Sir Gawain fell to the earth. Then Sir Gareth encountered -with the good knight, Sir Palomides, and he gave him -such a buffet that both he and his horse fell to the earth. Then -encountered King Arthur with Sir Lavaine and there either of -them smote the other to the earth, horse and all, so that they lay -a great while.</p> - -<p>Then Sir Lancelot smote down Sir Agravaine, Sir Gaheris, and -Sir Modred, and Sir Gareth smote down Sir Kay, Sir Safere, and -Sir Griflet. And then Sir Lavaine was horsed again and he smote -down Sir Lucan and Sir Bedivere, and then there began a great -press of good knights. Then Sir Lancelot dashed here and there -and smote off and pulled off helmets, so that none might strike -him a blow with spear or with sword; and Sir Gareth did such -deeds of arms that all men marveled what knight he was with the -green shield, for he smote down that day and pulled down more -than thirty knights.</p> - -<p>And Sir Lancelot marveled, when he beheld Sir Gareth do -such deeds, what knight he might be! and Sir Lavaine pulled down -and smote down twenty knights. Also Sir Lancelot knew not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span> -Sir Gareth, for if Sir Tristam or Sir Lamorak had been alive, Sir -Lancelot would have thought he had been one of the two.</p> - -<p>So this tournament continued till it was near night, for the -Knights of the Round Table rallied ever unto King Arthur, for -the King was wroth that he and his knights might not prevail that -day. Then Sir Gawain said to the King, “I marvel where all this -day Sir Bors and his fellowship of Sir Lancelot’s kindred have -been. I marvel all this day they be not about you. It is for -some cause,” said Sir Gawain.</p> - -<p>“By my head,” said Sir Kay, “Sir Bors is yonder all this day -upon the right hand of this field and there he and his kindred -have won more honor than we have.”</p> - -<p>“It may well be,” said Sir Gawain, “but I believe this knight -with the sleeve of gold is Sir Lancelot himself. I know it by his -riding and by his great strokes. And the other knight in the same -colors is the good young knight, Sir Lavaine. Also, that knight -with the green shield is my brother, Sir Gareth, and he has disguised -himself, for no man shall ever make him be against Sir -Lancelot, because he made him knight.”</p> - -<p>“Nephew, I believe you,” said King Arthur; “therefore tell -me now what is your best counsel.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Gawain, “ye shall have my counsel. Let the -heralds blow the close of the tournament, for if he be Sir Lancelot -and my brother, Sir Gareth, with him, with the help of that good -young knight, Sir Lavaine, trust me, it will be no use to strive -with them, unless we should fall ten or twelve upon one knight, -and that were no glory, but shame.”</p> - -<p>“Ye say truth,” said the King; “it were shame to us, so many -as we be, to set upon them any more; for they be three good -knights and, particularly, that knight with the sleeve of gold.”</p> - -<p>So the trumpets blew and forthwith King Arthur sent to the -four kings and to the mighty duke and prayed them that the -knight with the sleeve of gold depart not from them, but that the -King might speak with him. Then King Arthur unarmed him and -rode after Sir Lancelot. And so he found him with the four kings -and the duke and there the King prayed them all unto supper -and they said they would, with good will.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span></p> - -<p>And when they were unarmed, then King Arthur knew Sir -Lancelot, Sir Lavaine and Sir Gareth.</p> - -<p>“Ah, Sir Lancelot,” said the King, “this day ye have heated -me and my knights.”</p> - -<p>And so they went unto King Arthur’s lodging all together, -and there was a great feast and the prize was given unto Sir -Lancelot; and the heralds announced that he had smitten down -fifty knights, and Sir Gareth, five and thirty, and Sir Lavaine, -four and twenty knights.</p> - -<p>Then King Arthur blamed Sir Gareth, because he left his -fellowship and held with Sir Lancelot.</p> - -<p>“My lord,” said Sir Gareth, “he made me a knight and when -I saw him so hard pressed, methought it was my duty to help -him, for I saw him do so much and so many noble knights against -him; and when I understood that he was Sir Lancelot, I was -ashamed to see so many knights against him alone.”</p> - -<p>“Truly,” said King Arthur unto Sir Gareth, “ye say well, and -manfully have you done and won for yourself great honor, and -all the days of my life I shall love you and trust you more and -more. For ever it is an honorable knight’s deed to help another -honorable knight when he seeth him in great danger; for ever -an honorable man will be sorry to see a brave man shamed. But -he that hath no honor, and acts with cowardice, never shall he -show gentleness nor any manner of goodness, where he seeth a -man in any danger; for then ever will a coward show no mercy. -And always a good man will do ever to another man as he would -be done to himself.”</p> - -<p>So then there were great feasts and games and play, and all -manner of noble deeds were done; and he that was courteous, -true, and faithful to his friend, was that time cherished.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What was the condition of Arthur’s kingdom when he -began to reign? 2. What was Arthur’s purpose in founding the Order of -the Round Table? 3. Why was a training in strength and bravery in battle -necessary to these knights? 4. What way of supplying this training is described -in this story? 5. Tell what you know of this custom. 6. Have we -any contests of skill that bear any resemblance to this in method or purpose? -7. Give a brief account of the tournament at Winchester. 8. What plan had -Lancelot for disguising himself? 9. What reasons had he for such a plan? -10. How was Lancelot’s personality shown in the impression he made on -the baron? 11. What custom of the joust is indicated by Elaine’s request? -12. Picture the scene as the tournament opened; where was the King? -Where were the opposing knights? 13. What knightly qualities did Lancelot -show in this contest? 14. How would a “full noble surgeon” of King -Arthur’s time compare with a present-day surgeon? 15. Why did Lancelot -call his injury “a little hurt” when speaking to Elaine? 16. What qualities -are we told were most admired in the days of chivalry? 17. Is this true -of the present time? 18. What quality of Lancelot do you admire most?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases30"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref291">with his fellowship, 126, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref292">undertake he will do marvels, 126,18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref293">likeliest knight, 126, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref294">my heart giveth unto you, 127, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref295">with a rich burgess, 128, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref296">a strong assail, 128, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref297">might not serve him thereto, 130, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref298">suffer me, 131, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref299">a full noble surgeon, 131, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref300">prayed him for succor, 132, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref301">bring him to knowledge, 132, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref302">openly disclosed, 135, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref303">lost his countenance, 136, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref304">mighty prowess, 144, 4</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span></p> - -<h5><span class="smcap">The Passing of Arthur</span></h5> - -<h6>HOW SIR MODRED PLOTTED AGAINST SIR LANCELOT AND OF THE -DEATH OF SIR GAWAIN AND TWELVE KNIGHTS</h6> - -<p>Before Merlin passed from the world of men, he uttered many -marvelous prophecies and one that <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref305">boded ill</a> for King Arthur. -He foretold that a son of Arthur’s sister should stir up bitter war -against the King and that a great battle should be fought in the -West when many brave men should find their doom.</p> - -<p>Among the nephews of King Arthur was one most dishonorable; -his name was Modred. No knightly deed had he ever done -and he hated even to hear the good report of others. Of all who -sat at the Round Table there was none that Modred hated more -than Sir Lancelot du Lac, whom all true knights held in most -honor. In his <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref306">jealous rage</a> he spoke evil of the Queen and Sir -Lancelot. Now Modred’s brothers, Sir Gawain and Sir Gareth, -refused to listen to these slanders, holding that Sir Lancelot, -in his knightly service to the Queen, did honor to King Arthur -also.</p> - -<p>When these evil tales reached King Arthur, he rebuked the -tale bearers and declared his faith in Sir Lancelot and his lady, -the Queen. But Modred, enraged by the rebuke, determined to -find cause against them, and not long after it seemed that the -occasion had come. For when King Arthur had ridden forth to -hunt far from Carlisle, where he then held court, the Queen sent -for Lancelot to speak with her in her bower. Modred and his -brother, Sir Agravaine, got together twelve knights, persuading -them that they were doing the King a service. They waited until -they saw Lancelot enter all unarmed and then called to him to -come forth. The whole court echoed with their cries of -“Traitor.” Lancelot, arming himself in haste, rushed out upon -them and soon the entire company lay cold in death upon the -earth. Only Modred escaped, for he fled, but even so he was -sore wounded.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span></p> - -<h6>OF THE TRIAL OF THE QUEEN</h6> - -<p>When Modred escaped from Sir Lancelot he got to horse, all -wounded as he was, and never drew rein until he had found King -Arthur, to whom he told all that had happened.</p> - -<p>Then great was the King’s grief. Despite all that Modred -could say, he was slow to doubt Sir Lancelot, whom he loved, but -his mind was filled with forebodings; for many a knight had been -slain and well he knew that their kin would seek vengeance on -Sir Lancelot, and the noble fellowship of the Round Table be -utterly destroyed by their feuds.</p> - -<p>All too soon it proved even as the King had feared. Many -were found to hold with Sir Modred; some because they were -kin to the knights that had been slain, some from envy of the -honor and worship of the noble Sir Lancelot; and among them -even were those who dared to raise their voice against the Queen -herself, calling for judgment upon her as leagued with a traitor -against the King, and as having caused the death of so many good -knights. Now in those days the law was that if any one were -accused of treason by witnesses, or taken in the act, that one -should die the death by burning, be it man or woman, knight or -churl. So then the murmurs grew to a loud clamor that the law -should have its course, and that King Arthur should pass sentence -on the Queen. Then was the King’s woe doubled.</p> - -<p>“For,” said he, “I sit as King to be a rightful judge and keep -all the law; wherefore I may not do battle for my own Queen, and -now there is none other to help her.”</p> - -<p>So a decree was issued that Queen Guinevere should be burnt -at the stake outside the walls of Carlisle.</p> - -<p>Forthwith, King Arthur sent for his nephew, Sir Gawain, and -said to him:</p> - -<p>“Fair nephew, I give it in charge to you to see that all is done -as has been decreed.”</p> - -<p>But Sir Gawain answered boldly: “Sir King, never will I be -present to see my lady the Queen die. It is of <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref307">ill counsel</a> that ye -have consented to her death.”</p> - -<p>Then the King bade Gawain send his two young brothers, Sir<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> -Gareth and Sir Gaheris, to receive his commands, and these he -desired to attend the Queen to the place of execution. So Gareth -made answer for both:</p> - -<p>“My Lord the King, we owe you obedience in all things, but -know that it is sore against our wills that we obey you in this; -nor will we appear in arms in the place where that noble lady -shall die”; then sorrowfully they mounted their horses and rode -to Carlisle.</p> - -<p>When the day appointed had come, the Queen was led forth -to a place without the walls of Carlisle, and there she was bound -to the stake to be burnt to death. Loud were her ladies’ lamentations, -and many a lord was found to weep at that grievous sight -of a Queen brought so low; yet was there none who dared come -forward as her champion, lest he should be suspected of treason. -As for Gareth and Gaheris, they could not bear the sight, and -stood with their faces covered in their mantles. Then, just as -the torch was to be applied to the fagots, there was a sound as -of many horses galloping, and the next instant a band of knights -rushed upon the astonished throng, their leader cutting down all -who crossed his path until he had reached the Queen, whom he -lifted to his saddle and bore <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref308">from the press</a>. Then all men knew -that it was Sir Lancelot, come knightly to rescue the Queen, and -in their hearts they rejoiced. So with little hindrance they rode -away, Sir Lancelot and all his kin with the Queen in their midst, -till they came to the castle of the Joyous Garde, where they held -the Queen in safety and all reverence.</p> - -<p>But of that day came a kingdom’s ruin; for among the slain -were Gawain’s brothers Sir Gareth and Sir Gaheris. Now Sir -Lancelot loved Sir Gareth as if he had been his own younger -brother, and himself had knighted him; but, in the press, he -struck at him and killed him, not seeing that he was unarmed -and weaponless; and in like wise, Sir Gaheris met his death. So -when word was brought to King Arthur of what had passed, Sir -Gawain asked straightway how his brothers had fared.</p> - -<p>“Both are slain,” said the messenger.</p> - -<p>“Alas! my dear brothers!” cried Sir Gawain; “how came they -by their death?”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span></p> - -<p>“They were both slain by Sir Lancelot,” said the messenger.</p> - -<p>“That will I never believe,” cried Sir Gawain; “for my brother, -Sir Gareth, had such love for Sir Lancelot that there was naught -Sir Lancelot could ask him that he would not do.”</p> - -<p>But the man said again, “He is slain, and by Sir Lancelot.”</p> - -<p>Then, from sheer grief, Sir Gawain fell swooning to the -ground. When he was recovered, he said:</p> - -<p>“My lord and uncle, is it even as this man says, that Sir -Lancelot has slain my brother Sir Gareth?”</p> - -<p>“Alas!” said the King. “Lancelot rode upon him in the press -and slew him, not seeing who he was or that he was unarmed.”</p> - -<p>“Then,” cried Gawain fiercely, “here I make my vow. Never, -while my life lasts, will I leave Sir Lancelot in peace until he has -<a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref309">rendered me account</a> for the slaying of my brothers.”</p> - -<p>From that day forth, Sir Gawain would not suffer the King -to rest until he had gathered all his host and marched against -the Joyous Garde. Thus began the war which broke up the fellowship -of the Round Table.</p> - -<h6>HOW SIR GAWAIN DEFIED SIR LANCELOT</h6> - -<p>Now it came to the ears of the Pope in Rome that King Arthur -was besieging Sir Lancelot in the castle of the Joyous Garde, and -it grieved him that there should be strife between two such goodly -knights, the like of whom was not to be found in Christendom. -So he called to him the Bishop of Rochester and bade him carry -word to Britain, both to Arthur and to Sir Lancelot, that they -should be reconciled, the one to the other, and that King Arthur -should receive again Queen Guinevere.</p> - -<p>Forthwith Sir Lancelot desired of King Arthur assurance of -liberty and reverence for the Queen, as also <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref310">safe conduct</a> for -himself and his knights, that he might bring Queen Guinevere -with due honor to the King at Carlisle; and thereto the King -pledged his word.</p> - -<p>So Lancelot set forth with the Queen, and behind them rode -a hundred knights arrayed in green velvet, the <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref311">housings of the -horses</a> of the same, all studded with precious stones; thus they -passed through the city of Carlisle openly, in the sight of all, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span> -there were many who rejoiced that the Queen was come again -and Sir Lancelot with her, though they of Gawain’s party scowled -upon him.</p> - -<p>When they were come into the great hall where Arthur sat -with Sir Gawain and other great lords about him, Sir Lancelot -led Guinevere to the throne and both knelt before the King; then -rising, Sir Lancelot lifted the Queen to her feet and thus he spoke -to King Arthur, boldly and well, before the whole court:</p> - -<p>“My lord, Sir Arthur, I bring you here your Queen, than whom -no truer nor nobler lady ever lived; and here stand I, Sir Lancelot -du Lac, ready to do battle with any that dare gainsay it”; and -with these words Sir Lancelot turned and looked upon the lords -and knights present in their places, but none would challenge him -in that cause, not even Sir Gawain, for he had ever affirmed that -Queen Guinevere was a true and honorable lady.</p> - -<p>Then Sir Lancelot spoke again: “Now, my Lord Arthur, in -my own defense <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref312">it behooves me</a> to say that never in aught have -I been false to you. That I slew certain knights is true, but I -hold me guiltless, seeing that they brought death upon themselves. -For no sooner had I gone to the Queen’s bower, as she had -commanded me, than they beset the door with shameful outcry, -that all the court might hear, calling me traitor and <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref313">felon -knight</a>.”</p> - -<p>“And rightly they called you,” cried Sir Gawain fiercely.</p> - -<p>“My Lord, Sir Gawain,” answered Sir Lancelot, “in their -quarrel they proved not themselves right, else had not I, alone, -encountered fourteen knights and come forth unscathed.”</p> - -<p>Then said King Arthur: “Sir Lancelot, I have ever loved -you above all other knights, and trusted you to the uttermost; -but ill have ye done by me and mine.”</p> - -<p>“My lord,” said Lancelot, “that I slew Sir Gareth I shall -mourn as long as life lasts. As soon would I have slain my own -nephew, Sir Bors, as have harmed Sir Gareth wittingly; for I -myself made him knight, and loved him as a brother.”</p> - -<p>“Liar and traitor,” cried Sir Gawain, “ye slew him, defenseless -and unarmed.”</p> - -<p>“It is full plain, Sir Gawain,” said Lancelot, “that never again<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span> -shall I have your love; and yet there has been old kindness between -us, and once ye thanked me that I saved your life.”</p> - -<p>“It shall not avail you now,” said Sir Gawain; “traitor ye are, -both to the King and to me. Know that while life lasts, never -will I rest until I have avenged my brother Sir Gareth’s death -upon you.”</p> - -<p>“Fair nephew,” said the King, “cease your bawling. Sir -Lancelot has come <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref314">under surety of my word</a> that none shall do -him harm. Elsewhere, and at another time, <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref315">fasten a quarrel upon -him</a>, if quarrel ye must.”</p> - -<p>“I care not,” cried Sir Gawain fiercely. “The proud traitor -trusts so in his own strength that he thinks none dare meet him. -But here I defy him and swear that, be it in open combat or <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref316">by -stealth</a>, I shall have his life. And know, mine uncle and King, -if I shall not have your aid, I and mine will leave you for ever -and, if need be, fight even against you.”</p> - -<p>“Peace,” said the King, and to Sir Lancelot: “We give you -fifteen days in which to leave this kingdom.”</p> - -<p>Then Sir Lancelot sighed heavily and said, “Full well I see -that no sorrow of mine for what is past availeth me.”</p> - -<p>Then he went to the Queen where she sat, and said: “Madam, -the time is come when I must leave this fair realm that I have -loved. Think well of me, I pray you, and send for me if ever -there be aught in which a true knight may serve a lady.” Therewith -he turned him about and, without greeting to any, passed -through the hall, and with his faithful knights, rode to the Joyous -Garde, though ever thereafter, in memory of that sad day, he -called it the Dolorous Garde.</p> - -<p>There he called about him his friends and kinsmen, saying, -“Fair knights, I must now pass into my own lands.” Then they -all, with one voice, cried that they would go with him. So he -thanked them, promising them all fair estates and great honor -when they were come to his kingdom; for all France belonged to -Sir Lancelot. Yet was he loath to leave the land where he had -followed so many glorious adventures, and sore he mourned to -part in anger from King Arthur.</p> - -<p>“My mind misgives me,” said Sir Lancelot, “but that trouble<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span> -shall come of Sir Modred, for he is envious and a mischief-maker, -and it grieves me that never more I may serve King Arthur and -his realm.”</p> - -<p>So Sir Lancelot sorrowed; but his kinsmen, wroth for the dishonor -done him, made haste to depart and, by the fifteenth day, -they were all embarked to sail overseas to France.</p> - -<h6>HOW KING ARTHUR AND SIR GAWAIN WENT TO FRANCE</h6> - -<p>From the day when Sir Lancelot brought the Queen to Carlisle, -never would Gawain suffer the King to be at rest; but always -he desired him to call his army together that they might go to -attack Sir Lancelot in his own land.</p> - -<p>Now King Arthur was loath to war against Sir Lancelot, and -seeing this, Sir Gawain upbraided him bitterly.</p> - -<p>“I see well it is naught to you that my brother, Sir Gareth, -died <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref317">fulfilling your behest</a>. Little ye care if all your knights be -slain, if only the traitor Lancelot escape. Since, then, ye will -not do me justice nor avenge your own nephew, I and my fellows -will take the traitor when and how we may. He trusts in his -own might that none can encounter with him; let see if we may -not entrap him.”</p> - -<p>Thus urged, King Arthur called his army together and ordered -that a great fleet be collected; for rather would he fight openly -with Sir Lancelot than that Sir Gawain should bring such dishonor -upon himself as to slay a noble knight treacherously. So -with a great host, the King passed overseas to France, leaving -Sir Modred to rule Britain in his stead.</p> - -<p>When Lancelot heard that King Arthur and Sir Gawain were -coming against him, he withdrew into the strong castle of Benwick; -for unwilling, indeed, was he to fight with the King, or to -do an injury to Sir Gareth’s brother. The army passed through -the land, laying it waste, and presently encamped about the castle, -besieging it closely; but so thick were the walls and so watchful -the garrison that in no way could they prevail against it.</p> - -<p>One day, there came to Sir Lancelot seven brethren, brave -knights of Wales, who had joined their fortunes to his, and said:</p> - -<p>“Sir Lancelot, bid us sally forth against this host which has<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span> -invaded and laid waste your lands, and we will scatter it; for we -are not wont to cower behind walls.”</p> - -<p>“Fair lords,” answered Lancelot, “it is grief to me to war on -good Christian knights and especially upon my lord, King Arthur. -Have but patience, and I will send to him and see if, even now, -there may not be a treaty of peace between us, for better far is -peace than war.”</p> - -<p>So Sir Lancelot sought out a damsel and, mounting her upon -a palfrey, bade her ride to King Arthur’s camp and require of -the King to cease warring on his lands, proffering fair terms of -peace. When the damsel came to the camp, there met her Sir -Lucan the Butler.</p> - -<p>“Fair damsel,” said Sir Lucan, “do ye come from Sir Lancelot?”</p> - -<p>“Yea, in good truth,” said the damsel; “and, I pray you, lead -me to King Arthur.”</p> - -<p>“Now may ye prosper in your errand,” said Sir Lucan. “Our -King loves Sir Lancelot dearly and wishes him well; but Sir -Gawain will not suffer him to be reconciled to him.”</p> - -<p>So when the damsel had come before the King, she told him -all her tale, and much she said of Sir Lancelot’s love and goodwill -to his lord the King, so that the tears stood in Arthur’s eyes. -But Sir Gawain broke in roughly:</p> - -<p>“My lord and uncle, shall it be said of us that we came hither -with such a host <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref318">to hie us home</a> again, nothing done, to be <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref319">the -scoff of all men</a>?”</p> - -<p>“Nephew,” said the King, “methinks Sir Lancelot offers fair -and generously. It were well if ye would accept his proffer. -Nevertheless, as the quarrel is yours, so shall the answer be.”</p> - -<p>“Then, damsel,” said Sir Gawain, “say unto Sir Lancelot that -the time for peace is past. And tell him that I, Sir Gawain, swear -by the <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref320">faith I owe to knighthood</a> that never will I forego my -revenge.”</p> - -<p>So the damsel returned to Sir Lancelot and told him all. Sir -Lancelot’s heart was filled with grief nigh unto breaking; but -his knights were enraged and clamored that he had endured too -much of insult and wrong, and that he should lead them forth<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span> -to battle. Sir Lancelot armed him sorrowfully and presently the -gates were set open and he rode forth, he and all his company. -But to all his knights he had given commandment that none should -seek King Arthur; “for never,” said he, “will I see the noble King -who made me knight, either killed or shamed.”</p> - -<p>Fierce was the battle between those two hosts. On Lancelot’s -side, Sir Bors and Sir Lavaine and many another did right well; -while on the other side, King Arthur bore him as the noble knight -he was, and Sir Gawain raged through the battle, seeking to come -at Sir Lancelot. Presently, Sir Bors encountered King Arthur -and unhorsed him. This Sir Lancelot saw and, coming to the -King’s side, he alighted and raising him from the ground, mounted -him upon his own horse. Then King Arthur, looking upon Lancelot, -cried, “Ah! Lancelot, Lancelot! That ever there should be -war between us two!” and tears stood in the King’s eyes.</p> - -<p>“Ah! my Lord Arthur,” cried Sir Lancelot, “I pray you stop -this war.”</p> - -<p>As they spoke thus, Sir Gawain came upon them and, calling -Sir Lancelot traitor and coward, had almost ridden upon him -before Lancelot could find another horse. Then the two hosts -drew back, each on its own side, to see the battle between Sir -Lancelot and Sir Gawain; for they wheeled their horses and, -departing far asunder, rushed again upon each other with the -noise of thunder, and each bore the other from his horse. Then -they put their shields before them and set on each other with -their swords; but while ever Sir Gawain smote fiercely, Sir Lancelot -was content only to ward off blows, because he would not, -for Sir Gareth’s sake, do any harm to Sir Gawain. But the more -Sir Lancelot forebore him, the more furiously Sir Gawain struck, -so that Sir Lancelot had much ado to defend himself and at the -last smote Gawain on the helm so mightily that he bore him to -the ground. Then Sir Lancelot stood back from Sir Gawain. -But Gawain cried:</p> - -<p>“Why do ye draw back, traitor knight? Slay ye while ye -may, for never will I cease to be your enemy while my life lasts.”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” said Lancelot, “I shall withstand you as I may; but -never will I smite a fallen knight.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span></p> - -<p>Then he spoke to King Arthur: “My Lord, I pray you, if only -for this day, draw off your men. And think upon our former love -if ye may; but, be ye friend or foe, God keep you.”</p> - -<p>Thereupon Sir Lancelot drew off his men into his castle and -King Arthur and his company to their tents. As for Sir Gawain, -his squires bore him to his tent where his wounds were dressed.</p> - -<h6>OF MODRED THE TRAITOR</h6> - -<p>So Sir Gawain lay healing of the grim wound which Sir Lancelot -had given him, and there was peace between the two armies, -when there came messengers from Britain bearing letters for -King Arthur; and more evil news than they brought might not -well be, for they told how Sir Modred had usurped his uncle’s -realm. First, he had caused it to be <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref321">noised abroad</a> that King -Arthur was slain in battle with Sir Lancelot and, since there be -many ever ready to believe any <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref322">idle rumor</a> and eager for any -change, it had been no hard task for Sir Modred to call the lords -to a Parliament and persuade them to make him king. But the -Queen could not be brought to believe that her lord was dead, so -she took refuge in the Tower of London from Sir Modred’s violence, -nor was she to be induced to leave her strong refuge for -aught that Modred could promise or threaten.</p> - -<p>This was the news that came to Arthur as he lay encamped -about Sir Lancelot’s castle of Benwick. Forthwith, he bade his -host make ready to move and, when they had reached the coast -they embarked and made sail to reach Britain with all possible -speed.</p> - -<p>Sir Modred, on his part, had heard of their sailing and hasted -to get together a great army. It was grievous to see how many -a stout knight held by Modred, ay, even many whom Arthur -himself had raised to honor and fortune; for it is the nature of -men to be fickle. Thus it was that, when Arthur drew near to -Dover, he found Modred with a mighty host waiting to oppose -his landing. Then there was a great sea-fight, those of Modred’s -party going out in boats, great and small, to board King Arthur’s -ships and slay him and his men or ever they should come to land. -Right valiantly, did King Arthur bear him, <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref323">as was his wont</a>, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span> -boldly his followers fought in his cause, so that at last they drove -off their enemies and landed at Dover in spite of <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref324">Modred and his -array</a>. For that time Modred fled, and King Arthur bade those of -his party bury the slain and tend the wounded.</p> - -<p>So as they passed from ship to ship, salving and binding the -hurts of the men, they came at last upon Sir Gawain, where he -lay at the bottom of a boat, wounded to the death, for he had -received a great blow on the wound that Sir Lancelot had given -him. They bore him to his tent and his uncle, the King, came to -him, <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref325">sorrowing beyond measure</a>.</p> - -<p>“Methinks,” said the King, “my joy on earth is done; for -never have I loved any men as I have loved you, my nephew, and -Sir Lancelot. Sir Lancelot I have lost, and now I see you on your -death-bed.”</p> - -<p>“My King,” said Sir Gawain, “my hour is come and I have -got my death at Sir Lancelot’s hand; for I am smitten on the -wound he gave me. And rightly am I served, for of my wilfulness -and stubbornness comes this unhappy war. I pray you, my -uncle, raise me in your arms and let me write to Sir Lancelot -before I die.”</p> - -<p>Thus, then, Sir Gawain wrote: “To Sir Lancelot, the noblest -of all knights, I, Gawain, send greeting before I die. For I am -smitten on the wound ye gave me before your castle of Benwick -in France, and I bid all men bear witness that I sought my own -death and that ye are innocent of it. I pray you, by our friendship -of old, come again into Britain and, when ye look upon my -tomb, pray for Gawain of Orkney. Farewell.”</p> - -<p>So Sir Gawain died and was buried in the Chapel at Dover.</p> - -<h6>OF THE BATTLE IN THE WEST</h6> - -<p>The day after the battle at Dover, King Arthur and his host -pursued Sir Modred to Barham Down, where again there was a -great battle fought, with much slaughter on both sides; but, in -the end, Arthur was victorious, and Modred fled to Canterbury.</p> - -<p>Now by this time, many that Modred had cheated by his -lying reports, had drawn unto King Arthur, to whom at heart -they had ever been loyal, knowing him for a true and noble King<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span> -and hating themselves for having been deceived by such a false -usurper as Sir Modred. Then when he found that he was being -deserted, Sir Modred withdrew to the far West, for there men -knew less of what had happened, and so he might still find some -to believe in him and support him; and being without conscience, -he even called to his aid the <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref326">heathen hosts</a> that his uncle, King -Arthur, had driven from the land in the good years when Lancelot -was of the Round Table.</p> - -<p>King Arthur followed ever after, for in his heart was bitter -anger against the false nephew who had brought woe upon him -and all his realm. At the last, when Modred could flee no further, -the two hosts were drawn up near the shore of the great -western sea; and it was the Feast of the Holy Trinity.</p> - -<p>That night, as King Arthur slept, he thought that Sir Gawain -stood before him, looking just as he did in life, and said to him:</p> - -<p>“My uncle and my King, God in his great love has suffered -me to come unto you, to warn you that in no wise ye fight on the -morrow; for if ye do, ye shall be slain and with you the most part -of the people on both sides. Make ye, therefore, treaty for a -month and within that time, Sir Lancelot shall come to you with -all his knights and ye shall overthrow the traitor and all that -hold with him.”</p> - -<p>Therewith Sir Gawain vanished. Immediately the King -awoke and called to him the best and wisest of his knights, the -two brethren, Sir Lucan the Butler and Sir Bedivere and others, -to whom he told his dream. Then all were agreed that, on any -terms whatsoever, a treaty should be made with Sir Modred, even -as Sir Gawain had said; and with the dawn, messengers went to -the camp of the enemy, to call Sir Modred to a conference. So it -was determined that the meeting should take place in the sight -of both armies, in an open space between the two camps, and that -King Arthur and Modred should each be accompanied by fourteen -knights. Little enough faith had either in the other, so -when they set forth to the meeting, they bade their hosts join -battle if ever they saw a sword drawn. Thus they went to the -conference.</p> - -<p>Now as they talked, it happened that an adder, coming out of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> -a bush hard by, stung a knight in the foot; and he, seeing the -snake, drew his sword to kill it and thought no harm thereby. -But on the instant that the sword flashed, the trumpets blared on -both sides and the two hosts rushed to battle. Never was there -fought a fight of such bitter enmity, for brother fought with -brother, and comrade with comrade, and fiercely they cut and -thrust, with many a bitter word between; while King Arthur -himself, his heart hot within him, rode through and through the -battle, seeking the traitor Modred. So they fought all day till -at last the evening fell. Then Arthur, looking around him, saw -of his valiant knights but two left, Sir Lucan and Sir Bedivere, -and these sore wounded; and there, over against him, by a great -heap of the dead, stood Sir Modred, the cause of all this ruin. -Thereupon the King, his heart nigh broken with grief for the loss -of his true knights, cried with a loud voice, “Traitor! now is thy -doom upon thee!” and with his spear gripped in both hands, he -rushed upon Sir Modred and smote him that the weapon stood -out a fathom behind. And Sir Modred knew that he had his -death-wound. With all the might that he had, he thrust him up -the spear to the haft and, with his sword, struck King Arthur -upon the head that the steel pierced the helmet and bit into the -head; then Sir Modred fell back, stark and dead.</p> - -<p>Sir Lucan and Sir Bedivere went to the King where he lay, -swooning from the blow, and bore him to a little chapel on the -seashore. As they laid him on the ground, Sir Lucan fell dead -beside the King, and Arthur, coming to himself, found but Sir -Bedivere alive beside him.</p> - -<h6>THE DEATH OF ARTHUR</h6> - -<p>So King Arthur lay wounded to the death, grieving, not that -his end was come, but for the desolation of his kingdom and the -loss of his good knights. And looking upon the body of Sir Lucan, -he sighed and said:</p> - -<p>“Alas! true knight, dead for my sake! If I lived, I should ever -grieve for thy death, but now mine own end draws nigh.”</p> - -<p>Then turning to Sir Bedivere, who stood sorrowing beside -him, he said: “Leave weeping now, for the time is short and much<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span> -to do. Hereafter shalt thou weep if thou wilt. But take now -my sword Excalibur, hasten to the water side and fling it into -the deep. Then watch what happens and bring me word thereof.”</p> - -<p>“My Lord,” said Sir Bedivere, “your command shall be -obeyed”; and taking the sword, he departed. But as he went on -his way he looked on the sword, how wondrously it was formed, -and the hilt all studded with precious stones; and, as he looked, -he called to mind the marvel by which it had come into the King’s -keeping. For on a certain day, as Arthur walked on the shore -of a great lake, there had appeared above the surface of the water -a hand brandishing a sword. On the instant, the King had leaped -into a boat, and, rowing into the lake, had got the sword and -brought it back to land. Then he had seen how, on one side the -blade, was written, “Keep me,” but on the other, “Throw me -away,” and sore perplexed, he had shown it to Merlin, the great -wizard, who said: “Keep it now. The time for casting away has -not yet come.”</p> - -<p>Thinking on this, it seemed to Bedivere that no good, but -harm, must come of obeying the King’s word; so hiding the sword -under a tree, he hastened back to the little chapel.</p> - -<p>Then said the King: “What saw’st thou?”</p> - -<p>“Sir,” answered Bedivere, “I saw naught but the waves, heard -naught but the wind.”</p> - -<p>“That is untrue,” said King Arthur; “<a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref327">I charge thee</a>, as thou -art true knight, go again and spare not to throw away the sword.”</p> - -<p>Sir Bedivere departed a second time and his mind was to obey -his lord; but when he took the sword in his hand, he thought:</p> - -<p>“Sin it is and shameful, to throw away so glorious a sword.” -Then hiding it again, he hastened back to the King.</p> - -<p>“What saw’st thou?” said King Arthur.</p> - -<p>“Sir, I saw the water lap on the crags.”</p> - -<p>Then spoke the King in great wrath: “Traitor and unkind! -Twice hast thou betrayed me! Art dazzled by the splendor of -the jewels, thou that, till now, hast ever been dear and true to -me? Go yet again, but if thou fail me this time, I will arise and, -with mine own hands, slay thee.”</p> - -<p>Then Sir Bedivere left the King and, that time, he took the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span> -sword quickly from the place where he had hidden it and, forbearing -even to look upon it, he twisted the belt about it and -flung it with all his force into the water. A wondrous sight he -saw, for, as the sword touched the water, a hand rose from out the -deep, caught it, brandished it thrice and threw it beneath the -surface.</p> - -<p>So Bedivere hastened back to the King and told him what he -had seen.</p> - -<p>“It is well,” said Arthur; “now, bear me to the water’s edge -and hasten, I pray thee, for I have tarried over long and my -wound has taken cold.”</p> - -<p>So Sir Bedivere raised the King on his back and bore him -tenderly to the lonely shore, where the lapping waves floated -many an empty helmet and the fitful moonlight fell on the upturned -faces of the dead. Scarce had they reached the shore -when there hove in sight a barge, and on its deck stood three tall -women, robed all in black and wearing crowns on their heads.</p> - -<p>“Place me in the barge,” said Arthur, and softly Sir Bedivere -lifted the King into it. And these three queens wept sore over -Arthur, and one took his head in her lap and <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref328">chafed his hands</a>, -crying:</p> - -<p>“Alas! my brother, thou hast been overlong in coming, and I -fear me thy wound has taken cold.”</p> - -<p>Then the barge began to move slowly forth from the land. -When Sir Bedivere saw this, he lifted up his voice and cried with -a bitter cry:</p> - -<p>“Ah! my Lord Arthur, thou art taken from me! And I, -whither shall I go?”</p> - -<p>“Comfort thyself,” said the King, “for in me is no comfort -more. I pass to the Valley of Avilion, to heal me of my grievous -wound. If thou seest me never again, pray for me.”</p> - -<p>So the barge floated away out of sight and Sir Bedivere stood -straining his eyes after it till it had vanished utterly. Then he -turned him about and journeyed through the forest until, at day-break, -he reached a hermitage. Entering it, he prayed the holy -hermit that he might abide with him and there he spent the rest -of his life in prayer and holy exercise.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span></p> - -<p>But of King Arthur is no more known. Some men, indeed, -say that he is not dead, but abides in the happy Valley of Avilion -until such time as his country’s need is sorest, when he shall -come again and deliver it. Others say that, of a truth, he is dead -and that, in the far West, his tomb may be seen and written on -it these words:</p> - -<p class="center">“<span class="smcap">Here Lies Arthur, Once King -and King to Be.</span>”</p> - -<h6>HOW QUEEN GUINEVERE BECAME A NUN AT ALMESBURY AND OF -THE DEATH OF SIR LANCELOT</h6> - -<p>When news reached Sir Lancelot in his own land of the treason -of Modred, he gathered his lords and knights together, and rested -not till he had come to Britain to aid King Arthur. He landed -at Dover and there the evil tidings were told him, how the King -had met his death at the hands of his traitor nephew. Then was -Sir Lancelot’s heart nigh broken for grief.</p> - -<p>“Alas!” he cried, “that I should live to know my King overthrown -by such a felon! What have I done that I should have -caused the deaths of the good knights Sir Gareth, Sir Gaheris, -and Sir Gawain, and yet that such a villain should escape my -sword!”</p> - -<p>Then he desired to be led to Sir Gawain’s tomb, where he -remained long in prayer and in great lamentation; after which, -he called to him his kinsmen and friends and said to them:</p> - -<p>“My fair lords, I thank you all most heartily that, of your -courtesy, ye came with me to this land. That we be come too -late is a misfortune that might not be avoided, though I shall -mourn it my life long. And now I will ride forth alone to find -my lady the Queen in the West, whither men say she has fled. -Wait for me, I pray you, for fifteen days and then, if ye hear -naught of me, return to your own lands.”</p> - -<p>So Sir Lancelot rode forth alone, nor would he suffer any to -follow him despite their prayers and entreaties.</p> - -<p>Thus he rode some seven or eight days until, at the last, he -came to a nunnery where he saw in the cloister many nuns waiting<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span> -on a fair lady, none other, indeed, than Queen Guinevere -herself. And she, looking up, saw Sir Lancelot and, at the sight, -grew so pale that her ladies feared for her; but she recovered and -bade them go and bring Sir Lancelot to her presence. When he -was come, she said to him:</p> - -<p>“Sir Lancelot, glad am I to see thee once again that I may bid -thee farewell; for in this world shall we never meet again.”</p> - -<p>“Sweet Madam,” answered Sir Lancelot, “I was minded, with -your leave, to bear you to my own country, where I doubt not but -I should guard you well and safely from your enemies.”</p> - -<p>“Nay, Lancelot,” said the Queen, “that may not be; I am -resolved never to look upon the world again, but here to pass my -life in prayer and in such good works as I may. But thou, do thou -get back to thine own land and take a fair wife, and ye both -shall ever have my prayers.”</p> - -<p>“Madam,” replied Sir Lancelot, “ye know well that shall -never be. And since ye are resolved to lead a life of prayer, I, -too, will forsake the world if I can find hermit to share his cell -with me; for ever your will has been mine.”</p> - -<p>Long and earnestly he looked upon her as though he might -never gaze enough; then, getting to horse, he rode slowly away.</p> - -<p>Nor did they ever meet again in life. For Queen Guinevere -abode in the great nunnery of Almesbury where Sir Lancelot had -found her and presently, for the holiness of her life, was made -Abbess. But Sir Lancelot, after he had left her, rode on his way -till he came to the cell where Sir Bedivere dwelt with the holy -hermit; and when Sir Bedivere had told him all that had befallen, -of the great battle in the West, and of the passing away of Arthur, -Sir Lancelot flung down his arms and implored the holy hermit to -let him remain there as the servant of God. So Sir Lancelot -<a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref329">donned the serge gown</a> and abode in the hermitage as the priest -of God.</p> - -<p>Presently, there came riding that way the good Sir Bors, -Lancelot’s nephew; for, when Sir Lancelot returned not to Dover, -Sir Bors and many another knight went forth in search of him. -There, then, Sir Bors remained and, within a half year, there -joined themselves to these three many who in former days had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span> -been fellows of the Round Table; and the fame of their piety -spread far and wide.</p> - -<p>So six years passed and then, one night, Lancelot had a vision. -It seemed to him that one said to him:</p> - -<p>“Lancelot, arise and go in haste to Almesbury. There shalt -thou find Queen Guinevere dead and it shall be for thee to bury -her.”</p> - -<p>Sir Lancelot arose at once and, calling his fellows to him, told -them his dream. Immediately, with all haste, they set forth -toward Almesbury and, arriving there the second day, found the -Queen dead, as had been foretold in the vision. So with the state -and ceremony befitting a great Queen, they buried her in the -Abbey of Glastonbury, in that same church where, some say, -King Arthur’s tomb is to be found. Lancelot it was who performed -the <a href="#phrases31" title="List of phrases" id="ref330">funeral rites</a> and chanted the requiem; but when all -was done, he pined away, growing weaker daily. So at the end -of six weeks, he called to him his fellows and, bidding them all -farewell, desired that his dead body should be conveyed to the -Joyous Garde, there to be buried, for that in the church at Glastonbury -he was not worthy to lie. And that same night he died, -and was buried, as he had desired, in his own castle. So passed -from the world the bold Sir Lancelot du Lac, bravest, most courteous, -and most gentle of knights, whose peer the world has never -seen nor ever shall see.</p> - -<p>After Sir Lancelot’s death, Sir Bors and the pious knights, -his companions, took their way to the Holy Land and there they -died in battle against the Turk.</p> - -<p>So ends this story of King Arthur and his noble fellowship of -the Round Table.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Were Arthur and his knights successful in restoring -order in the kingdom? 2. Why were they so successful? 3. What value -have union and loyalty in any cause? 4. When did this union of King -Arthur and his knights begin to weaken? 5. Whose unfaithfulness and -treachery began its destruction? 6. What was the great fault in Modred -that prevented him from being loyal? 7. How did “true knights” regard -Sir Lancelot? 8. Did Arthur think it right to take the law into his own<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> -hands? 9. Read lines which show that he did not think himself greater than -the law. 10. Can good government exist without respect for law? 11. Trace -the progress of disunion from its beginning in Modred’s jealousy as follows: -jealousy; plot; combat; deaths; vengeance; false accusation; decree of -death by burning; rescue; deaths; vow of vengeance; war. 12. What proof -did Sir Lancelot give of his love for the King, even while at war with him? -13. Was King Arthur at fault when he allowed himself to be persuaded by -Sir Gawain to make war on Sir Lancelot? 14. Read the lines that show the -King loved Lancelot, in spite of all that had come between them. 15. Read -lines that show how Sir Gawain’s love and generosity triumphed over his desire -for vengeance. 16. Over what did King Arthur grieve when he lay -wounded after the “battle in the West”? 17. Do you think it is the fine -ideals of these old legends—union for defense of the weak, mercy to all, -and wrongful gain to none—that make them live?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases31"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref305">boded ill, 149, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref306">jealous rage, 149, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref307">ill counsel, 150, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref308">from the press, 151, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref309">rendered me account, 152, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref310">safe conduct, 152, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref311">housings of the horses, 152, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref312">it behooves me, 153, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref313">felon knight, 153, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref314">under surety of my word, 154, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref315">fasten a quarrel upon him, 154, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref316">by stealth, 154, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref317">fulfilling your behest, 155, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref318">to hie us home, 156, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref319">the scoff of all men, 156, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref320">faith I owe to knighthood, 156, 32</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref321">noised abroad, 158, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref322">idle rumor, 158, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref323">as was his wont, 158, 35</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref324">Modred and his array, 159, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref325">sorrowing beyond measure, 159, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref326">heathen hosts, 160, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref327">I charge thee, 162, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref328">chafed his hands, 163, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref329">donned the serge gown, 165, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref330">funeral rites, 166, 15</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="NARRATIVES_IN_VERSE">NARRATIVES IN VERSE</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header6.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>SIR PATRICK SPENS</h4> - -<p class="author">FOLK BALLAD</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The king sits in Dumferling toune,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Drinking the blude-reid wine:</div> -<div class="verse">“O whar will I get guid sailor,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To sail this schip of mine?”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Up and spak an eldern knicht,<a name="FNanchor_10" id="FNanchor_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Sat at the king’s richt kne:</div> -<div class="verse">“Sir Patrick Spens is the best sailor</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That sails upon the se.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The king has written a braid<a name="FNanchor_11" id="FNanchor_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> letter,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And signed it wi his hand,</div> -<div class="verse">And sent it to Sir Patrick Spens,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Was walking on the sand.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The first line that Sir Patrick red,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">A loud lauch lauched he;</div> -<div class="verse">The next line that Sir Patrick red,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The teir blinded his ee.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“O wha is this has don this deid,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">This ill deid don to me,</div> -<div class="verse">To send me out this time o’ the yeir,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To sail upon the se!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Mak haste, mak haste, my mirry men all,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Our guid schip sails the morne.”</div> -<div class="verse">“O say na sae<a name="FNanchor_12" id="FNanchor_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a>, my master deir,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">For I feir a deadlie storme.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Late, late yestreen<a name="FNanchor_13" id="FNanchor_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> saw the new moone,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Wi the auld moone in hir arme,</div> -<div class="verse">And I feir, I feir, my deir master,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That we will cum to harme.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O our Scots nobles wer richt laith<a name="FNanchor_14" id="FNanchor_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">To weet<a name="FNanchor_15" id="FNanchor_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a> their cork-heild schoone<a name="FNanchor_16" id="FNanchor_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">Bot lang owre<a name="FNanchor_17" id="FNanchor_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> a’ the play wer playd,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Thair hats they swam aboone.<a name="FNanchor_18" id="FNanchor_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a></div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O lang, lang may their ladies sit,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Wi thair fans into their hand,</div> -<div class="verse">Or eir<a name="FNanchor_19" id="FNanchor_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> they se Sir Patrick Spens,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Cum sailing to the land.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O lang, lang may the ladies stand,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Wi thair gold kems<a name="FNanchor_20" id="FNanchor_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> in their hair,</div> -<div class="verse">Waiting for thair ain deir lords,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">For they’ll se thame na mair.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Haf owre<a name="FNanchor_21" id="FNanchor_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a>, haf owre to Aberdour,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">It’s fiftie fadom<a name="FNanchor_22" id="FNanchor_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> deip,</div> -<div class="verse">And thair lies guid Sir Patrick Spens,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Wi the Scots lords at his feit.<a name="FNanchor_23" id="FNanchor_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a></div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="footnotes"> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_10" id="Footnote_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> <i>knicht</i>, knight</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_11" id="Footnote_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> <i>braid</i>, long</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_12" id="Footnote_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> <i>na sae</i>, not so</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_13" id="Footnote_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> <i>yestreen</i>, yesterday evening</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_14" id="Footnote_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> <i>laith</i>, loath</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_15" id="Footnote_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> <i>weet</i>, wet</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_16" id="Footnote_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> <i>schoone</i>, shoes</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_17" id="Footnote_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> <i>owre</i>, before</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_18" id="Footnote_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> <i>aboone</i>, above</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_19" id="Footnote_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> <i>or eir</i>, before</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_20" id="Footnote_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> <i>kems</i>, combs</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_21" id="Footnote_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> <i>owre</i>, over</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_22" id="Footnote_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> <i>fadom</i>, fathoms</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_23" id="Footnote_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> <i>feit</i>, feet</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> The old folk ballads, of which this one is an excellent -example, have all come down to us from the far-off past. Such ballads -are not the work of any one author, but like the stories of King Arthur, were -preserved mainly in the memories of men. Some of them were sung or -recited to the music of the harp or lute by minstrels who wandered from -village to village, and from castle to castle, entertaining their hearers in -return for food and lodging; or by the bards and minstrels who were maintained -by kings and nobles to entertain them and to celebrate their deeds -and honors. Often they were made by the people, not by professional -singers, and were expressions of the folk love of adventure. Indeed, the -best definition of a popular, or folk, ballad is that it is “a tale telling itself -in song.” This means that a ballad always tells a story; that it has no -known author, being composed by several people or by a community and -then handed down orally, not in writing, from generation to generation; -and finally, that it is sung, not recited. In this way such folk ballads as -“Sir Patrick Spens” were transmitted for generations, in different versions, -before they were written down and became a part of what we call <em>literature</em>, -that is, something written. When the invention of the printing press -made it possible to put these old ballads in a permanent form, they were -collected from the recitations of old men and women who knew them, and -printed. Thus they have become a precious literary possession, telling us -something of the life, the history, and the standards, superstitions, and -beliefs of distant times, and thrilling us with their stirring stories. The -beauty of these old ballads lies in the story they tell, and in their directness -and simplicity. They are almost wholly without literary ornament; their -language is the language of the people, not of the court.</p> - -<p>Many modern poets have written stories in verse which are also called -ballads. Some are in imitation of the old ballads, using the old ballad -meter and riming system, and employing old-fashioned words and expressions, -to add to the effect. Other modern ballads are simple narratives in -verse—short stories dealing with stirring subjects, with battle, adventure, -etc. But while the true old ballad holds the attention upon the story only, -the modern ballads often introduce descriptions of the characters.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Why did the king choose Sir Patrick Spens? 2. What -did Sir Patrick say when he had read the king’s letter? 3. What signs of a -storm had been noticed? 4. Point out all the ways in which the ballad -tells that the ship was wrecked. 5. How have the old ballads come down -to us? 6. What other old ballad have you read? 7. Tell how the old -ballads came into being, and name a characteristic of them. 8. What do the -old ballads tell us of the life of the early people? 9. How does a modern -ballad differ from a folk, or popular, ballad?</p> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE SKELETON IN ARMOR</h4> - -<p class="author">HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Speak! speak! thou fearful guest!</div> -<div class="verse">Who, with thy hollow breast</div> -<div class="verse">Still in <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref331">rude armor</a> drest,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Comest to daunt me!</div> -<div class="verse">Wrapt not in Eastern balms,</div> -<div class="verse">But with thy <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref332">fleshless palms</a></div> -<div class="verse">Stretched, as if asking alms,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Why dost thou haunt me?”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Then, from those <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref333">cavernous eyes</a></div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref334">Pale flashes</a> seemed to rise,</div> -<div class="verse">As when the Northern skies</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Gleam in December;</div> -<div class="verse">And, like the water’s flow</div> -<div class="verse">Under December’s snow,</div> -<div class="verse">Came a dull voice of woe</div> -<div class="verse indent1">From the <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref335">heart’s chamber</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“I was a Viking old!</div> -<div class="verse">My deeds, though manifold,</div> -<div class="verse">No Skald in song has told,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">No Saga taught thee!</div> -<div class="verse">Take heed, that in thy verse</div> -<div class="verse">Thou dost the tale rehearse,</div> -<div class="verse">Else dread a dead man’s curse;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">For this I sought thee.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Far in the Northern Land,</div> -<div class="verse">By the wild Baltic’s strand,</div> -<div class="verse">I, with my childish hand,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Tamed the gerfalcon;</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span> -<div class="verse">And, with my skates fast-bound,</div> -<div class="verse">Skimmed the half-frozen Sound,</div> -<div class="verse">That the <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref336">poor whimpering hound</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Trembled to walk on.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Oft to his <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref337">frozen lair</a></div> -<div class="verse">Tracked I the grizzly bear,</div> -<div class="verse">While from my path the hare</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Fled like a shadow;</div> -<div class="verse">Oft through the forest dark</div> -<div class="verse">Followed the were-wolf’s bark,</div> -<div class="verse">Until the soaring lark</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Sang from the meadow.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“But when I older grew,</div> -<div class="verse">Joining a corsair’s crew,</div> -<div class="verse">O’er the dark sea I flew</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With the marauders.</div> -<div class="verse">Wild was the life we led,</div> -<div class="verse">Many the <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref338">souls that sped</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Many the hearts that bled,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">By our stern orders.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Many a wassail-bout</div> -<div class="verse">Wore the long winter out;</div> -<div class="verse">Often our midnight shout</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Set the cocks crowing,</div> -<div class="verse">As we the Berserk’s tale</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref339">Measured in cups of ale</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Draining the oaken pail,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Filled to o’erflowing.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Once as I told in glee</div> -<div class="verse">Tales of the stormy sea,</div> -<div class="verse">Soft eyes did gaze on me,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Burning yet tender;</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span> -<div class="verse">And as the white stars shine</div> -<div class="verse">On the dark Norway pine,</div> -<div class="verse">On that dark heart of mine</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Fell their <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref340">soft splendor</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“I wooed the blue-eyed maid,</div> -<div class="verse">Yielding, yet half afraid,</div> -<div class="verse">And in the forest’s shade</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Our <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref341">vows were plighted</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">Under its loosened vest</div> -<div class="verse">Fluttered her little breast,</div> -<div class="verse">Like birds within their nest</div> -<div class="verse indent1">By the hawk frighted.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Bright in her father’s hall</div> -<div class="verse">Shields gleamed upon the wall,</div> -<div class="verse">Loud sang the minstrels all,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Chanting his glory;</div> -<div class="verse">When of old Hildebrand</div> -<div class="verse">I asked his daughter’s hand,</div> -<div class="verse">Mute did the minstrels stand</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To hear my story.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“While the brown ale he quaffed,</div> -<div class="verse">Loud then the champion laughed,</div> -<div class="verse">And as the wind-gusts waft</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The sea-foam brightly,</div> -<div class="verse">So the loud laugh of scorn,</div> -<div class="verse">Out of those <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref342">lips unshorn</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">From the deep drinking-horn</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Blew the foam lightly.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“She was a Prince’s child,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">I but a Viking wild,</div> -<div class="verse">And though she blushed and smiled,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">I was discarded!</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Should not the dove so white</div> -<div class="verse">Follow the sea-mew’s flight,</div> -<div class="verse">Why did they leave that night</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Her nest unguarded?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Scarce had I put to sea,</div> -<div class="verse">Bearing the maid with me,—</div> -<div class="verse">Fairest of all was she</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Among the Norsemen!—</div> -<div class="verse">When on the white sea-strand,</div> -<div class="verse">Waving his armèd hand,</div> -<div class="verse">Saw we old Hildebrand,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With twenty horsemen.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Then launched they to the blast,</div> -<div class="verse">Bent like a reed each mast,</div> -<div class="verse">Yet we were gaining fast,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">When the wind failed us;</div> -<div class="verse">And with a sudden flaw</div> -<div class="verse">Came round the gusty Skaw,</div> -<div class="verse">So that our foe we saw</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Laugh as he hailed us.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“And as to catch the gale</div> -<div class="verse">Round veered the flapping sail,</div> -<div class="verse">Death! was the helmsman’s hail,</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref343">Death without quarter!</a></div> -<div class="verse">Mid-ships with iron keel</div> -<div class="verse">Struck we her ribs of steel;</div> -<div class="verse">Down her black hulk did reel</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Through the black water!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“As with his <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref344">wings aslant</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Sails the fierce cormorant,</div> -<div class="verse">Seeking some rocky haunt,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With his prey laden,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span> -<div class="verse">So toward the <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref345">open main</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Beating to sea again,</div> -<div class="verse">Through the wild hurricane,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Bore I the maiden.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Three weeks we westward bore,</div> -<div class="verse">And when the storm was o’er,</div> -<div class="verse">Cloud-like we saw the shore</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref346">Stretching to leeward</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">There for my lady’s bower</div> -<div class="verse">Built I the lofty tower,</div> -<div class="verse">Which, to this very hour,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Stands looking seaward.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“There lived we many years;</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref347">Time dried the maiden’s tears</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">She had forgot her fears,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">She was a mother;</div> -<div class="verse">Death closed her mild blue eyes,</div> -<div class="verse">Under that tower she lies;</div> -<div class="verse">Ne’er shall the sun arise</div> -<div class="verse indent1">On such another!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Still grew my bosom then,</div> -<div class="verse">Still as a <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref348">stagnant fen</a>!</div> -<div class="verse">Hateful to me were men,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The sunlight hateful.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In the vast forest here,</div> -<div class="verse">Clad in my <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref349">warlike gear</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Fell I upon my spear,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Oh, death was grateful!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Thus, seamed with many scars,</div> -<div class="verse">Bursting these prison bars,</div> -<div class="verse">Up to its native stars</div> -<div class="verse indent1">My soul ascended!</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span> -<div class="verse">There from the <a href="#phrases32" title="List of phrases" id="ref350">flowing bowl</a></div> -<div class="verse">Deep drinks the warrior’s soul,</div> -<div class="verse"><em>Skoal!</em> to the Northland! <em>skoal!</em>”</div> -<div class="verse indent1">—Thus the tale ended.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_81">see page 81</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. With which stanza does the narrative begin? 2. What -may the first three stanzas be called? 3. Which of these three stanzas is -descriptive? 4. In which does the Viking make himself known? 5. In -what stanzas is the story told? 6. With what line does the story end? -7. What relation to the poem has the last line? 8. Describe the scene suggested -by the first stanza; who is speaking? 9. Describe the guest to whom -the poet speaks. 10. In using the word “fearful” to describe this guest, -was the poet emphasizing only the outward appearance of his guest? -11. Can you use other words equally exact and poetical for “daunt” and -“haunt”? 12. Give a name to the “flashes” that are seen when the Northern -skies gleam in December. 13. To what is the voice of the skeleton compared? -14. Is it an apt comparison? 15. Does the second stanza prepare -us for a story of happy things? 16. What stanzas help you to see the kind -of people the Vikings were, and to imagine the life they led? 17. The -Viking showed his wonderful courage in going out into the “open main” in -a wild hurricane; give all the other evidences of his courage found in the -poem. 18. The Introduction (pages 89 and 90) gives various motives for -seeking adventures; do you think the Knights and the Vikings had the same -motive? 19. How does this ballad differ from a folk ballad, such as “Sir -Patrick Spens”? 20. Pronounce the following: daunt; palms; alms; haunt; -launched.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases32"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref331">rude armor, 171, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref332">fleshless palms, 171, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref333">cavernous eyes, 171, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref334">pale flashes, 171, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref335">heart’s chamber, 171, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref336">poor whimpering hound, 172, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref337">frozen lair, 172, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref338">souls that sped, 172, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref339">measured in cups of ale, 172, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref340">soft splendor, 173, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref341">vows were plighted, 173, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref342">lips unshorn, 173, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref343">death without quarter, 174, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref344">wings aslant, 174, 29</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref345">open main, 175, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref346">stretching to leeward, 175, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref347">time dried the maiden’s tears, 175, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref348">stagnant fen, 175, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref349">warlike gear, 175, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref350">flowing bowl, 176, 1</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE THREE FISHERS</h4> - -<p class="author">CHARLES KINGSLEY</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Three fishers went sailing away to the West,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Away to the West as the sun went down;</div> -<div class="verse">Each thought on the woman who loved him the best,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And the children stood watching them out of the town;</div> -<div class="verse">For men must work and women must weep,</div> -<div class="verse">And there’s little to earn and many to keep,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Though the <a href="#phrases33" title="List of phrases" id="ref351">harbor bar be moaning</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Three wives sat up in the lighthouse tower,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And they trimmed the lamps as the sun went down;</div> -<div class="verse">They looked at the squall and they looked at the shower,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And the <a href="#phrases33" title="List of phrases" id="ref352">nightrack came rolling</a> up ragged and brown;</div> -<div class="verse">But men must work and women must weep,</div> -<div class="verse">Though storms be sudden and waters deep,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And the harbor bar be moaning.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Three corpses lay out on the shining sands,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In the <a href="#phrases33" title="List of phrases" id="ref353">morning gleam</a> as the tide went down,</div> -<div class="verse">And the women are weeping and wringing their hands</div> -<div class="verse indent1">For those who will never come home to the town;</div> -<div class="verse">For men must work and women must weep,</div> -<div class="verse">And the sooner it’s over <a href="#phrases33" title="List of phrases" id="ref354">the sooner to sleep</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And good-bye to the bar and its moaning.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Charles Kingsley (1819-1875), clergyman, lecturer, poet, and -novelist, was born in Dartmoor, England. During his earlier years he lived -in the beautiful Fen Country, the scenery of which made a deep impression -on him. He was a friend of Tennyson and a poet of real excellence. His -ballads, “The Three Fishers” and “The Sands of Dee,” are widely read and -admired, and his novel <cite>Westward Ho!</cite> is a brilliant narrative of adventure. -In “The Three Fishers” he shows that he has studied the fisher folk of his -native country and sees with genuine sympathy their hard life and the -courage that enables them to brave the perils of the sea.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What does the poem tell you about the three fishers? -2. What does it suggest? 3. Where could a stanza be inserted to tell a -part of the story that is only suggested? 4. Do you think this would improve -the poem? 5. What signs were there of an approaching storm? -6. Why does the occupation of deep-sea fishers train them to understand -signs indicating changes in the weather? 7. Why did these fishers go out to -sea notwithstanding signs of a storm? 8. What other thought do you think -was in their minds as “Each thought on the woman who loved him best”? -9. What idea of the deep-sea fishers does this poem give you? 10. What -idea of the sea? 11. What other poems do you know that tell of life on -the sea? 12. What idea of the sea does each give?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases33"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref351">harbor bar be moaning, 177, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref352">nightrack came rolling, 177, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref353">morning gleam, 177, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref354">the sooner to sleep, 177, 20</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>LORD ULLIN’S DAUGHTER</h4> - -<p class="author">THOMAS CAMPBELL</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">A chieftain <a href="#phrases34" title="List of phrases" id="ref355">to the Highlands bound</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Cries “Boatman, do not tarry!</div> -<div class="verse">And I’ll give thee a silver pound</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To row us o’er the ferry!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Now who be ye, would cross Lochgyle,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">This dark and stormy water?”</div> -<div class="verse">“O I’m the chief of Ulva’s isle,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And this, Lord Ullin’s daughter.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“And fast before her father’s men</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Three days we’ve fled together,</div> -<div class="verse">For should he find us in the glen,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">My blood would <a href="#phrases34" title="List of phrases" id="ref356">stain the heather</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“His horsemen hard behind us ride—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Should they our steps discover,</div> -<div class="verse">Then who will cheer my bonny bride,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">When they have slain her lover?”</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Out spoke the <a href="#phrases34" title="List of phrases" id="ref357">hardy Highland wight</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">“I’ll go, my chief, I’m ready;</div> -<div class="verse">It is not for your silver bright,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">But for your winsome lady.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“And by my word! the bonny bird</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In danger shall not tarry;</div> -<div class="verse">So though the waves are <a href="#phrases34" title="List of phrases" id="ref358">raging white</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">I’ll row you o’er the ferry.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">By this the storm <a href="#phrases34" title="List of phrases" id="ref359">grew loud apace</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The water-wraith was shrieking;</div> -<div class="verse">And <a href="#phrases34" title="List of phrases" id="ref360">in the scowl of Heaven</a> each face</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Grew dark as they were speaking.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">But still as wilder blew the wind,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And as the night grew drearer,</div> -<div class="verse">Adown the glen rode arméd men,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Their trampling sounded nearer.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“O haste thee, haste!” the lady cries,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">“Though tempests round us gather;</div> -<div class="verse">I’ll meet the raging of the skies,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">But not an angry father.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The boat has left a stormy land,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">A stormy sea before her—</div> -<div class="verse">When, oh! too strong for human hand</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The tempest gather’d o’er her.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And still they row’d amidst the roar</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Of <a href="#phrases34" title="List of phrases" id="ref361">waters fast prevailing</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">Lord Ullin reach’d that <a href="#phrases34" title="List of phrases" id="ref362">fatal shore</a>—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">His wrath was changed to wailing.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">For, sore dismay’d, through storm and shade</div> -<div class="verse indent1">His child he did discover;</div> -<div class="verse">One lovely hand she stretch’d for aid,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And one was round her lover.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Come back! come back!” he cried in grief,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">“Across this stormy water;</div> -<div class="verse">And I’ll forgive your Highland chief,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">My daughter!—Oh, my daughter!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">’Twas vain: the loud waves lash’d the shore,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Return or aid preventing;</div> -<div class="verse">The waters wild went o’er his child,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And he was left lamenting.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Thomas Campbell (1777-1844) was a popular Scottish poet. -He was born in Glasgow, his father being a prominent merchant of that -city. At an early age Campbell began to write poetry, and at twenty-one -had published “The Pleasures of Hope,” a poem that was received with -much favor. He excelled in war poetry, his “Hohenlinden”, “The Battle -of the Baltic”, and “Ye Mariners of England” being the most widely read. -His ballads “Lochiel” and “Lord Ullin’s Daughter” are the best known. -Campbell is remembered not alone for these stirring narrative poems, but -also for the excellence of favorite lines that he wrote, such as “To live in -the hearts we leave behind is not to die,” and “’Tis distance lends enchantment -to the view.”</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Tell briefly the story of the poem. 2. What picture -do the first two stanzas give you? 3. What reason did the boatman give -for saying he would row them over the ferry? 4. What change of time do -you notice in the tenth stanza? 5. What does the eleventh stanza tell -you? 6. Which stanza tells you of the tragedy? 7. What other poems -of the sea have you read in this book? 8. What characteristics of the -ballad has this poem?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases34"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref355">to the Highlands bound, 178, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref356">stain the heather, 178, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref357">hardy Highland wight, 179, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref358">raging white, 179, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref359">grew loud apace, 179, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref360">in the scowl of Heaven, 179, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref361">waters fast prevailing, 179, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref362">fatal shore, 179, 27</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE PIPES AT LUCKNOW</h4> - -<p class="author">JOHN G. WHITTIER</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Pipes of the misty moorlands,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Voice of the glens and hills,</div> -<div class="verse">The <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref363">droning of the torrents</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref364">treble of the rills</a>!</div> -<div class="verse">Not the <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref365">braes of broom</a> and heather,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Nor the mountains dark with rain,</div> -<div class="verse">Nor maiden bower, nor border tower,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Have heard your sweetest strain!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Dear to the Lowland reaper,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref366">plaided mountaineer</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">To the cottage and the castle</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The Scottish pipes are dear;</div> -<div class="verse">Sweet sounds the <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref367">ancient pibroch</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">O’er mountain, loch, and glade;</div> -<div class="verse">But the sweetest of all music</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The Pipes at Lucknow played.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Day by day <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref368">the Indian tiger</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Louder yelled, and nearer crept;</div> -<div class="verse">Round and round the <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref369">jungle-serpent</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Near and nearer circles swept.</div> -<div class="verse">“Pray for rescue, wives and mothers—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Pray today!” the soldier said;</div> -<div class="verse">“Tomorrow, death’s between us</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And the wrong and shame we dread.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O they listened, looked, and waited,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Till their hope became despair;</div> -<div class="verse">And the sobs of <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref370">low bewailing</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Filled the pauses of their prayer.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Then up spake a Scottish maiden,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With her ear unto the ground:</div> -<div class="verse">“Dinna ye hear it?—dinna ye hear it?</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The pipes o’ Havelock sound!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Hushed the wounded man his groaning;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Hushed the wife her little ones;</div> -<div class="verse">Alone they heard the drum-roll</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And the roar of Sepoy guns.</div> -<div class="verse">But to sounds of home and childhood</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The Highland ear was true;</div> -<div class="verse">As her mother’s <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref371">cradle-crooning</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">The mountain pipes she knew.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Like the march of soundless music</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Through the <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref372">vision of the seer</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">More of feeling than of hearing,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Of the heart than of the ear,</div> -<div class="verse">She knew the droning pibroch,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">She knew the Campbell’s call;</div> -<div class="verse">“Hark! hear ye no’ MacGregor’s,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The grandest o’ them all!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O they listened, dumb and breathless,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And they caught the sound at last;</div> -<div class="verse">Faint and far beyond the Goomtee</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Rose and fell the piper’s blast!</div> -<div class="verse">Then a burst of wild thanksgiving</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Mingled woman’s voice and man’s;</div> -<div class="verse">“God be praised!—the March of Havelock!</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The piping of the clans!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Louder, nearer, <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref373">fierce as vengeance</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Sharp and shrill as swords at strife,</div> -<div class="verse">Came the wild MacGregor’s clan-call,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Stinging all the air to life.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span> -<div class="verse">But when the far-off dust-cloud</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To plaided legions grew,</div> -<div class="verse">Full tenderly and blithesomely</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The pipes of rescue blew!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Round the silver domes of Lucknow,</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref374">Moslem mosque</a> and <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref375">pagan shrine</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Breathed the air to Britons dearest,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The air of Auld Lang Syne.</div> -<div class="verse">O’er the cruel roll of war-drums</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Rose that sweet and homelike strain;</div> -<div class="verse">And the tartan clove the turban,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">As the <a href="#phrases35" title="List of phrases" id="ref376">Goomtee cleaves the plain</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Dear to the corn-land reaper</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And plaided mountaineer,</div> -<div class="verse">To the cottage and the castle</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The piper’s song is dear.</div> -<div class="verse">Sweet sounds the Gaelic pibroch</div> -<div class="verse indent1">O’er mountain, glen, and glade;</div> -<div class="verse">But the sweetest of all music</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The Pipes at Lucknow played!</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_60">see page 60</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> The Indian Mutiny was the great revolt of the -Bengal native army (the Sepoys) against the British rule in 1857. At -Lucknow, in northern India, the English were almost overcome. The town, -defended by a garrison of only 1720 men, who were protecting many -women and children, was besieged by a greatly superior number. The -defense, nevertheless, was maintained from the 30th of June to the 26th of -September, when the relief column under the Scottish general, Sir Henry -Havelock, preceded by the music of the bagpipes, reached the city.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What stanzas picture Scotland and the feeling her -people have for the music of the bagpipe? 2. What contrasts show how -universal this feeling is? 3. In the first stanza, what is this music said to -be like? 4. What do you know about the bagpipe that makes this comparison -especially apt? 5. The poem tells a story; with what stanzas does<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span> -the story begin and end? 6. What relation to this story have the first -two stanzas? 7. What do you know of the Indian Mutiny that helps you -to understand this story? 8. Who first heard the sound of the pipes? -9. How is this accounted for? 10. What did this sound mean to her? -11. Read the stirring lines that give the spirit of the martial music of the -pipes. 12. Why did the piper change to the air “Auld Lang Syne”? What -stanzas picture the feeling of those who heard this music? 13. What people -wear the “tartan”? The “turban”? 14. What is the most interesting point -in the story? 15. Does the story make clear the poet’s reason for saying -that the “sweetest strain” the pipes ever played was at Lucknow?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases35"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref363">droning of the torrents, 181, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref364">treble of the rills, 181, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref365">braes of broom, 181, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref366">plaided mountaineer, 181, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref367">ancient pibroch, 181, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref368">the Indian tiger, 181, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref369">jungle-serpent, 181, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref370">low bewailing, 181, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref371">cradle-crooning, 182, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref372">vision of the seer, 182, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref373">fierce as vengeance, 182, 29</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref374">Moslem mosque, 183, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref375">pagan shrine, 183, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref376">Goomtee cleaves the plain, 183, 12</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>SPANISH WATERS</h4> - -<p class="author">JOHN MASEFIELD</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Spanish waters, Spanish waters, you are ringing in my ears,</div> -<div class="verse">Like a slow sweet piece of music from the <a href="#phrases36" title="List of phrases" id="ref377">gray forgotten years</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">Telling tales, and beating tunes, and <a href="#phrases36" title="List of phrases" id="ref378">bringing weary thought</a> to me</div> -<div class="verse">Of the sandy beach at Muertos, where I would that I could be.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">There’s a surf breaks on Los Muertos, and it never stops to roar,</div> -<div class="verse">And it’s there we came to anchor, and it’s there we went ashore,</div> -<div class="verse">Where the blue lagoon is silent amid snags of rotting trees,</div> -<div class="verse">Dropping like the clothes of corpses cast up by the seas.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We anchored at Los Muertos when the dipping sun was red,</div> -<div class="verse">We left her half-a-mile to sea, to west of Nigger Head;</div> -<div class="verse">And before the mist was on the Cay, before the day was done,</div> -<div class="verse">We were all ashore on Muertos with the gold that we had won.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We bore it through the marshes in a half-score battered chests,</div> -<div class="verse">Sinking, in the sucking quagmires, to the <a href="#phrases36" title="List of phrases" id="ref379">sunburn on our breasts</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Heaving over tree-trunks, gasping, damning at the flies and heat,</div> -<div class="verse">Longing for a long drink, out of silver, in the ship’s cool lazareet.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The moon came white and ghostly as we laid the treasure down,</div> -<div class="verse">There was gear there’d make a beggarman as <a href="#phrases36" title="List of phrases" id="ref380">rich as Lima Town</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Copper charms and silver trinkets from the chests of Spanish crews,</div> -<div class="verse">Gold doubloons and double moydores, louis d’ors and ortagues.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Clumsy yellow-metal earrings from the Indians of Brazil,</div> -<div class="verse">Uncut emeralds out of Rio, bezoar stone from Guayaquil,</div> -<div class="verse">Silver, <a href="#phrases36" title="List of phrases" id="ref381">in the crude and fashioned</a>, pots of old Arica bronze,</div> -<div class="verse">Jewels from the bones of Incas desecrated by the Dons.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We smoothed the place with mattocks, and we took and blazed the tree,</div> -<div class="verse">Which marks yon where the gear is hid that none will ever see,</div> -<div class="verse">And we <a href="#phrases36" title="List of phrases" id="ref382">laid aboard the ship</a> again, and south away we steers,</div> -<div class="verse">Through the loud surf of Los Muertos which is beating in my ears.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I’m the last alive that knows it. All the rest have gone their ways,</div> -<div class="verse">Killed, or died, or come to anchor in the old Mulatas Cays,</div> -<div class="verse">And I go singing, fiddling, old and starved and in despair,</div> -<div class="verse">And I know where all that gold is hid, if I were only there.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">It’s not the way to end it all. I’m old and nearly blind,</div> -<div class="verse">And an old man’s past’s a strange thing, for it never leaves his mind.</div> -<div class="verse">And I see in dreams, awhiles, the beach, the sun’s disc dipping red,</div> -<div class="verse">And the tall ship, under topsails, swaying in past Nigger Head.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I’d be glad to step ashore there. Glad to take a pick and go</div> -<div class="verse">To the lone blazed coco-palm tree in the place no others know,</div> -<div class="verse">And lift the gold and silver that has moldered there for years</div> -<div class="verse">By the loud surf of Los Muertos which is beating in my ears.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> John Masefield (1875-⸺) is an English poet and playwright. -When a small boy he had a mania for running away from home; to -satisfy this longing his father sent him to sea when he was fourteen years -old, in charge of the captain of a sailing vessel. During his travels he -collected much material which he afterward used in his poems. On one -of his trips he landed in New York City, where he acquired considerable -knowledge of American customs. Next to Kipling he is England’s greatest -singer of her “Seven Seas and Five Oceans.”</p> - -<p>Early in 1916 Masefield came to the United States on a lecture tour -which aroused much interest in him and his writings. During the recent -World War he served in France in connection with the Red Cross. He -also served in the campaign on the Gallipoli Peninsula and wrote a splendid -account of that unfortunate undertaking.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Who is addressed in the first stanza? 2. What comparison -do you find in this stanza? 3. Tell the story in your own words. 4. Where -was the treasure secured? 5. What marks of the ballad do you find in this -poem? 6. What do you particularly like in this poem? 7. Pronounce the -following: quagmires; palm.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases36"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref377">gray forgotten years, 184, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref378">bringing weary thought, 184, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref379">sunburn on our breasts, 185, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref380">rich as Lima Town, 185, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref381">in the crude and fashioned, 185, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref382">laid aboard the ship, 185, 15</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>KILMENY<br /> -(<span class="smcap">A Song of the Trawlers</span>)</h4> - -<p class="author">ALFRED NOYES</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Dark, dark lay the drifters, <a href="#phrases37" title="List of phrases" id="ref383">against the red west</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">As they shot their <a href="#phrases37" title="List of phrases" id="ref384">long meshes of steel</a> overside;</div> -<div class="verse">And the oily green waters were rocking to rest</div> -<div class="verse indent1">When <i>Kilmeny</i> went out, at the <a href="#phrases37" title="List of phrases" id="ref385">turn of the tide</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">And nobody knew where that lassie would roam,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">For the magic that called her was tapping unseen.</div> -<div class="verse">It was well nigh a week ere <i>Kilmeny</i> came home,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And nobody knew where <i>Kilmeny</i> had been.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">She’d a gun at her bow that was <a href="#phrases37" title="List of phrases" id="ref386">Newcastle’s best</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And a gun at her stern that was fresh from the Clyde,</div> -<div class="verse">And a secret her skipper had never confessed,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Not even at dawn, to his newly wed bride;</div> -<div class="verse">And a wireless that whispered above <a href="#phrases37" title="List of phrases" id="ref387">like a gnome</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The laughter of London, the boasts of Berlin.</div> -<div class="verse">O it may have been mermaids that lured her from home,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">But nobody knew where <i>Kilmeny</i> had been.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">It was dark when <i>Kilmeny</i> came home from her quest,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With her bridge dabbled red where her skipper had died;</div> -<div class="verse">But she moved like a bride with a rose at her breast;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And “Well done, <i>Kilmeny</i>!” the admiral cried.</div> -<div class="verse">Now at sixty-four fathom a conger may come,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And nose at the bones of a drowned submarine;</div> -<div class="verse">But late in the evening <i>Kilmeny</i> came home,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And nobody knew where <i>Kilmeny</i> had been.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">There’s a <a href="#phrases37" title="List of phrases" id="ref388">wandering shadow</a> that stares at the foam,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Though they sing all the night to old England, their queen,</div> -<div class="verse">Late, late in the evening <i>Kilmeny</i> came home,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And nobody knew where <i>Kilmeny</i> had been.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Alfred Noyes (1880-⸺), an English poet, lives in London. -He was educated at Oxford, where for three years he rowed on the college -crew. As soon as his college days were over he devoted himself to literature, -contributing to many English magazines. During the World War he wrote -many stirring poems, of which “Kilmeny” is among the best. In 1918-1919 -Mr. Noyes was professor of literature in Princeton University.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What picture does the first stanza give you? 2. What -suggests to you the work in which the trawler was engaged? 3. Which -stanza suggests the result of <i>Kilmeny’s</i> trip? 4. What was the magic that -called <i>Kilmeny</i> to the quest? 5. What other poems of the sea have you -read in this book? 6. Tell what you know about the author.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases37"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref383">against the red west, 186, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref384">long meshes of steel, 186, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref385">turn of the tide, 186, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref386">Newcastle’s best, 187, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref387">like a gnome, 187, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref388">wandering shadow, 187, 17</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE GUARDS CAME THROUGH</h4> - -<p class="author">SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Men of the Twenty-first</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Up by the Chalk Pit Wood,</div> -<div class="verse">Weak with our wounds and our thirst,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Wanting our sleep and our food,</div> -<div class="verse">After a day and a night—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">God, shall we ever forget!</div> -<div class="verse">Beaten and broke in the fight,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">But sticking it—sticking it yet.</div> -<div class="verse">Trying to hold the line,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Fainting and spent and done,</div> -<div class="verse">Always the thud and the whine,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Always the yell of the Hun!</div> -<div class="verse">Northumberland, Lancaster, York,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Durham, and Somerset,</div> -<div class="verse">Fighting alone, worn to the bone,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">But sticking it—sticking it yet.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Never a message of hope!</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Never a word of cheer!</div> -<div class="verse">Fronting Hill 70’s <a href="#phrases38" title="List of phrases" id="ref389">shell-swept slope</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With the dull dead plain in our rear.</div> -<div class="verse">Always the whine of the shell,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Always the roar of its burst,</div> -<div class="verse">Always the tortures of hell,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">As <a href="#phrases38" title="List of phrases" id="ref390">waiting and wincing</a> we cursed</div> -<div class="verse">Our luck and the guns and the <em>Boche</em>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">When our Corporal shouted, “Stand to!”</div> -<div class="verse">And I heard someone cry, “Clear the front for the Guards!”</div> -<div class="verse">And the Guards came through.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Our throats they were parched and hot,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">But Lord, if you’d heard the cheers!</div> -<div class="verse">Irish and Welsh and Scot,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Coldstream and Grenadiers.</div> -<div class="verse">Two brigades, if you please,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Dressing as straight as a hem,</div> -<div class="verse">We—we were down on our knees,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Praying for us and for them!</div> -<div class="verse">Lord, I could speak for a week,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">But how could you understand!</div> -<div class="verse">How should <em>your</em> cheeks be wet,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Such feelin’s don’t come to <em>you</em>.</div> -<div class="verse">But when can we or my mates forget,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">When the Guards came through?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Five yards left extend!”</div> -<div class="verse indent1">It passed from rank to rank.</div> -<div class="verse">Line after line with never a bend,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And a touch of the London swank.</div> -<div class="verse">A trifle of <a href="#phrases38" title="List of phrases" id="ref391">swank and dash</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Cool as a home parade,</div> -<div class="verse">Twinkle and glitter and flash,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Flinching never a shade,</div> -<div class="verse">With the shrapnel right in their face</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Doing their Hyde Park stunt,</div> -<div class="verse">Keeping their swing at an easy pace,</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases38" title="List of phrases" id="ref392">Arms at the trail</a>, eyes front!</div> -<div class="verse">Man, it was great to see!</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Man, it was fine to do!</div> -<div class="verse">It’s a cot and a hospital ward for me,</div> -<div class="verse">But I’ll tell ’em in Blighty, wherever I be,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">How the Guards came through.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-⸺) is an English author. -He was educated in Stonyhurst College and at the University of Edinburgh. -In 1885 he was graduated as a doctor of medicine and soon afterwards -began practice. It was about this time that his first book, <cite>A Study -in Scarlet</cite>, was published. His greatest success came with the publication of -<cite>The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</cite>, a collection of detective stories that -introduced a character who has become as famous as if he had actually lived. -Other books that have added to his fame are <cite>The Lost World</cite>, <cite>The New -Revelation</cite>, and <cite>The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes</cite>. He has written many -interesting articles on the World War, particularly descriptions of the western -campaigns. In 1902 he was knighted.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Who is supposed to be telling the story? 2. Why -were the soldiers of the Twenty-first so disheartened? 3. What effect upon -them had the arrival of the Guards? 4. Do you think that you would -have felt like cheering if you had been a soldier of the Twenty-first? -5. What effect upon you has the line “Dressing as straight as a hem”? -6. What picture does the last stanza give you? 7. Does the poet make you -see the Guards as they came through? 8. What do the last three lines suggest? -9. What does “Blighty” mean to you? 10. Why does the one who -is telling the story say that <em>we</em> could not understand?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases38"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref389">shell-swept slope, 188, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref390">waiting and wincing, 188, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref391">swank and dash, 189, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref392">arms at the trail, 189, 26</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="STORIES_OF_THE_SEA">STORIES OF THE SEA</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header7.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>A DESCENT INTO THE MAELSTROM</h4> - -<p class="author">EDGAR ALLAN POE</p> - -<h5>MY FIRST VIEW OF THE MAELSTROM</h5> - -<p>We had now reached the summit of the loftiest crag. For -some minutes the old man seemed too much exhausted to -speak.</p> - -<p>“Not long ago,” said he at length, “and I could have guided -you on this route as well as the youngest of my sons; but, about -three years past, there happened to me an event such as never -happened before to mortal man—or at least such as no man ever -survived to tell of—and the six hours of deadly terror which I -then endured have broken me up, body and soul. You suppose -me a <em>very</em> old man—but I am not. It took less than a single day -to change these hairs from a jetty black to white, to weaken my -limbs, and to unstring my nerves, so that I tremble at the least -exertion, and am frightened at a shadow. Do you know I can -scarcely look over this little cliff without getting giddy?”</p> - -<p>The “little cliff,” upon whose edge he had so carelessly thrown -himself down to rest that the weightier portion of his body hung -over it, while he was only kept from falling by the tenure of his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span> -elbow on its extreme and slippery edge—this “little cliff” arose, -a <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref393">sheer unobstructed precipice</a> of black shining rock, some fifteen -or sixteen hundred feet from the world of crags beneath us. -Nothing would have tempted me to within half a dozen yards of -its brink. In truth, so deeply was I excited by the perilous position -of my companion, that I fell at full length upon the ground, -clung to the shrubs around me, and dared not even glance upward -at the sky—while I struggled in vain to divest myself of the idea -that the very foundations of the mountain were in danger from -the fury of the winds. It was long before I could reason myself -into sufficient courage to sit up and look out into the distance.</p> - -<p>“You must get over these fancies,” said the guide, “for I have -brought you here that you might have the best possible view of -the scene of that event I mentioned—and to tell you the whole -story with the spot just under your eye.</p> - -<p>“We are now,” he continued, in that <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref394">particularizing manner</a> -which distinguished him—“we are now close upon the Norwegian -coast—in the sixty-eighth degree of latitude—in the great province -of Nordland—and in the dreary district of Lofoden. The -mountain upon whose top we sit is Helseggen, the Cloudy. Now -raise yourself up a little higher—hold on to the grass if you feel -giddy—so—and look out, beyond the belt of vapor beneath us, -into the sea.”</p> - -<p>I looked dizzily, and beheld a wide expanse of ocean, whose -waters wore so inky a hue as to bring at once to my mind the -Nubian geographer’s account of the <i lang="la">Mare Tenebrarum</i>. A panorama -more <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref395">deplorably desolate</a> no human imagination can conceive. -To the right and left, as far as the eye could reach, there -lay outstretched, like ramparts of the world, lines of horridly -black and beetling cliff, whose character of gloom was but the -more forcibly illustrated by the surf which reared high up against -it, its white and ghastly crest, howling and shrieking forever. Just -opposite the promontory upon whose apex we were placed, and -at a distance of some five or six miles out at sea, there was visible -a small, bleak-looking island; or, more properly, its position was -discernible through the wilderness of surge in which it was enveloped.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span> -About two miles nearer the land arose another of smaller -size, hideously craggy and barren, and encompassed at various -intervals by a cluster of dark rocks.</p> - -<p>The appearance of the ocean, in the space between the more -distant island and the shore, had something very unusual about it. -Although, at the time, so strong a gale was blowing landward -that a brig in the remote offing lay to under a double-reefed try-sail, -and constantly plunged her whole hull out of sight, still there -was here nothing like a regular swell, but only a short, quick, -angry cross-dashing of water in every direction—as well in the -teeth of the wind as otherwise. Of foam there was little except -in the immediate vicinity of the rocks.</p> - -<p>“The island in the distance,” resumed the old man, “is called -by the Norwegians Vurrgh. The one midway is Moskoe. That -a mile to the northward is Ambaaren. Yonder are Iflesen, Hoeyholm, -Kieldholm, Suarven, and Buckholm. Farther off—between -Moskoe and Vurrgh—are Otterholm, Flimen, Sandflesen, and -Skarholm. These are the true names of the places—but why it -had been thought necessary to name them at all is more than -either you or I can understand. Do you hear anything? Do you -see any change in the water?”</p> - -<p>We had now been about ten minutes upon the top of Helseggen, -to which we had ascended from the interior of Lofoden, so that -we had caught no glimpse of the sea until it had burst upon us -from the summit. As the old man spoke, I became aware of a -loud and gradually increasing sound, like the moaning of a vast -herd of buffaloes upon an American prairie; and at the same -moment I perceived that what seamen term the <em>chopping</em> character -of the ocean beneath us, was rapidly changing into a current which -set to the eastward. Even while I gazed, this current acquired a -monstrous velocity. Each moment added to its speed—to its -headlong impetuosity. In five minutes the whole sea, as far as -Vurrgh, was lashed into ungovernable fury; but it was between -Moskoe and the coast that the main uproar held its sway. Here -the vast bed of the waters, seamed and scarred into a thousand -conflicting channels, burst suddenly into frenzied convulsion—heaving,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span> -boiling, hissing—gyrating in gigantic and innumerable -vortices, and all whirling and plunging on to the eastward with -a rapidity which water never elsewhere assumes, except in <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref396">precipitous -descents</a>.</p> - -<p>In a few minutes more, there came over the scene another -radical alteration. The general surface grew somewhat more -smooth, and the whirlpools, one by one, disappeared, while prodigious -streaks of foam became apparent where none had been -seen before. These streaks, at length, spreading out to a great -distance, and entering into combination, took unto themselves -the gyratory motion of the subsided vortices, and seemed to -form the germ of another more vast. Suddenly—very suddenly—this -assumed a distinct and definite existence, in a circle of more -than a mile in diameter. The edge of the whirl was represented -by a broad belt of <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref397">gleaming spray</a>; but no particle of this slipped -into the mouth of the <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref398">terrific funnel</a>, whose interior, as far as the -eye could fathom it, was a smooth, shining, and jet-black wall of -water, inclined to the horizon at an angle of some forty-five -degrees, speeding dizzily round and round with a swaying and -sweltering motion, and sending forth to the winds an appalling -voice, half shriek, half roar, such as not even the mighty cataract -of Niagara ever lifts up in its agony to Heaven.</p> - -<p>The mountain trembled to its very base, and the rock rocked. -I threw myself upon my face, and clung to the scant herbage in -an excess of nervous agitation.</p> - -<p>“This,” said I at length, to the old man—“this <em>can</em> be nothing -else than the great whirlpool of the Maelstrom.”</p> - -<p>“So it is sometimes termed,” said he. “We Norwegians call it -the Moskoe-strom, from the island of Moskoe in the midway.”</p> - -<p>The ordinary accounts of this vortex had by no means prepared -me for what I saw. That of Jonas Ramus, which is perhaps -the most circumstantial of any, cannot impart the faintest conception -either of the magnificence or of the horror of the scene—or -of the wild bewildering sense of <em>the novel</em> which confounds the -beholder. I am not sure from what point of view the writer in -question surveyed it, nor at what time; but it could neither have -been from the summit of Helseggen, nor during a storm. There<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span> -are some passages of his description, nevertheless, which may be -quoted for their details, although their effect is exceedingly feeble -in conveying an impression of the spectacle.</p> - -<p>“Between Lofoden and Moskoe,” he says, “the depth of the -water is between thirty-six and forty fathoms; but on the other -side, toward Ver (Vurrgh), this depth decreases so as not to afford -a convenient passage for a vessel, without the risk of splitting on -the rocks, which happens even in the calmest weather. When it -is flood, the stream runs up the country between Lofoden and -Moskoe with a <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref399">boisterous rapidity</a>; but the roar of its impetuous -ebb to the sea is scarce equaled by the loudest and most dreadful -cataracts, the noise being heard several leagues off; and the vortices -or pits are of such an extent and depth, that if a ship comes -within its attraction, it is inevitably absorbed and carried down -to the bottom, and there beat to pieces against the rocks; and -when the water relaxes, the fragments thereof are thrown up again. -But these intervals of tranquillity are only at the turn of the -ebb and flood, and in calm weather, and last but a quarter of an -hour, its violence gradually returning. When the stream is most -boisterous, and its fury heightened by a storm, it is dangerous to -come within a Norwegian mile of it. Boats, yachts, and ships -have been carried away by not guarding against it before they -were within its reach. It likewise happens frequently that whales -come too near the stream, and are overpowered by its violence; -and then it is impossible to describe their howlings and bellowings -in their <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref400">fruitless struggles</a> to disengage themselves. A bear once, -attempting to swim from Lofoden to Moskoe, was caught by the -stream and borne down, while he roared terribly, so as to be -heard on shore. Large stocks of firs and pine trees, after being -absorbed by the current, rise again broken and torn to such a -degree as if bristles grew upon them. This plainly shows the -bottom to consist of craggy rocks, among which they are whirled -to and fro. This stream is regulated by the <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref401">flux and reflux</a> of the -sea—it being constantly high and low water every six hours. -In the year 1645, early in the morning of Sexagesima Sunday, it -raged with such noise and impetuosity that the very stones of -the houses on the coast fell to the ground.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span></p> - -<p>In regard to the depth of the water, I could not see how this -could have been ascertained at all in the <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref402">immediate vicinity</a> of -the vortex. The “forty fathoms” must have reference only to -portions of the channel close upon the shore either of Moskoe or -Lofoden. The depth in the center of the Moskoe-strom must be -immeasurably greater; and no better proof of this fact is necessary -than can be obtained from even the sidelong glance into the -<a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref403">abyss of the whirl</a> which may be had from the highest crag of -Helseggen. Looking down from this pinnacle upon the howling -Phlegethon below, I could not help smiling at the simplicity with -which the honest Jonas Ramus records, as a matter difficult of -belief, the anecdotes of the whales and the bears; for it appeared -to me, in fact, a self-evident thing that the largest ships of the -line in existence, coming within the influence of that deadly -attraction, could resist it as little as a feather the hurricane, and -must disappear bodily and at once.</p> - -<p>The attempts to account for the phenomenon—some of which, -I remember, seemed to me sufficiently <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref404">plausible in perusal</a>—now -wore a very different and unsatisfactory aspect. The idea generally -received is that this, as well as three smaller vortices among -the Faroe Islands, “have no other cause than the <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref405">collision of -waves</a> rising and falling, at flux and reflux, against a ridge of rocks -and shelves, which confines the water so that it precipitates itself -like a cataract; and thus the higher the flood rises, the deeper -must the fall be, and the natural result of all is a whirlpool or -vortex, the prodigious suction of which is sufficiently known by -lesser experiments.”—These are the words of the <cite>Encyclopedia -Britannica</cite>. Kircher and others imagine that in the center of -the channel of the Maelstrom is an abyss penetrating the globe, -and issuing in some very remote part—the Gulf of Bothnia being -somewhat decidedly named in one instance. This opinion, idle -in itself, was the one to which, as I gazed, my imagination most -readily assented; and, mentioning it to the guide, I was rather -surprised to hear him say that, although it was the view almost -universally entertained of the subject by the Norwegians, it -nevertheless was not his own. As to the former notion he confessed -his inability to comprehend it; and here I agreed with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span> -him—for, however conclusive on paper, it becomes altogether -unintelligible, and even absurd, amid the thunder of the abyss.</p> - -<h5>THE GUIDE’S MARVELOUS TALE</h5> - -<p>“You have had a good look at the whirl now,” said the old -man, “and if you will creep round this crag, so as to get in its lee, -and deaden the roar of the water, I will tell you a story that will -convince you I ought to know something of the Moskoe-strom.”</p> - -<p>I placed myself as desired, and he proceeded.</p> - -<p>“Myself and my two brothers once owned a schooner-rigged -smack of about seventy tons burden, with which we were in the -habit of fishing among the islands beyond Moskoe, nearly to -Vurrgh. In all violent eddies at sea there is good fishing, at -proper opportunities, if one has only the courage to attempt it; -but among the whole of the Lofoden coastmen we three were -the only ones who made a regular business of going out to the -islands, as I tell you. The usual grounds are a great way lower -down to the southward. There fish can be got at all hours, without -much risk, and therefore these places are preferred. The -choice spots over here among the rocks, however, not only yield -the finest variety, but in far greater abundance; so that we often -got in a single day what the more timid of the craft could not -scrape together in a week. In fact, we made it a matter of -<a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref406">desperate speculation</a>—the risk of life standing instead of labor, -and courage answering for capital.</p> - -<p>“We kept the smack in a cove about five miles higher up the -coast than this; and it was our practice, in fine weather, to take -advantage of the fifteen minutes’ slack to push across the main -channel of the Moskoe-strom, far above the pool, and then drop -down upon anchorage somewhere near Otterholm, or Sandflesen, -where the eddies are not so violent as elsewhere. Here we used -to remain until nearly time for slack water again, when we weighed -and made for home. We never set out upon this expedition without -a steady side wind for going and coming—one that we felt -sure would not fail us before our return—and we seldom made a -miscalculation upon this point. Twice, during six years, we were -forced to stay all night at anchor on account of a dead calm, which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span> -is a rare thing indeed just about here; and once we had to remain -on the ground nearly a week, starving to death, owing to a gale -which blew up shortly after our arrival, and made the channel -too boisterous to be thought of. Upon this occasion we should -have been driven out to sea in spite of everything (for the whirlpools -threw us round and round so violently that, at length, we -fouled our anchor and dragged it) if it had not been that we -drifted into one of the innumerable cross currents—here today -and gone tomorrow—which drove us under the lee of Flimen, -where, by good luck, we brought up.</p> - -<p>“I could not tell you the twentieth part of the difficulties we -encountered ‘on the ground’—it is a bad spot to be in, even in -good weather—but we made shift always to run the gauntlet of -the Moskoe-strom itself without accident; although at times my -heart has been in my mouth when we happened to be a minute -or so behind or before the slack. The wind sometimes was not as -strong as we thought it at starting, and then we made rather less -way than we could wish, while the current rendered the smack -unmanageable. My eldest brother had a son eighteen years old, -and I had two stout boys of my own. These would have been -of great assistance at such times, in using the sweeps, as well as -afterward in fishing—but, somehow, although we ran the risk -ourselves, we had not the heart to let the young ones get into the -danger—for, after all said and done, it <em>was</em> a horrible danger, and -that is the truth.</p> - -<p>“It is now within a few days of three years since what I am -going to tell you occurred. It was on the tenth of July, 18—, a -day which the people of this part of the world will never forget—for -it was one in which blew the most terrible hurricane that ever -came out of the heavens. And yet all the morning, and indeed -until late in the afternoon, there was a gentle and steady breeze -from the southwest, while the sun shone brightly, so that the -oldest seaman among us could not have foreseen what was to -follow.</p> - -<p>“The three of us—my two brothers and myself—had crossed -over to the islands about two o’clock <span class="smcapuc">P.M.</span>, and soon nearly loaded -the smack with fine fish, which, we all remarked, were more plenty<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span> -that day than we had ever known them. It was just seven, <em>by my -watch</em>, when we weighed and started for home, so as to make -the worst of the Strom at slack water, which we knew would be -at eight.</p> - -<p>“We set out with a fresh wind on our starboard quarter, and -for some time spanked along at a great rate, never dreaming of -danger, for indeed we saw not the slightest reason to apprehend it. -All at once we were taken aback by a breeze from over Helseggen. -This was most unusual—something that had never happened to -us before—and I began to feel a little uneasy, without exactly -knowing why: We put the boat on the wind, but could make no -headway at all for the eddies, and I was upon the point of proposing -to return to the anchorage, when, looking astern, we saw -the whole horizon covered with a singular copper-covered cloud -that rose with the most amazing velocity.</p> - -<p>“In the meantime the breeze that had headed us off fell away, -and we were dead becalmed, drifting about in every direction. -This state of things, however, did not last long enough to give -us time to think about it. In less than a minute the storm was -upon us—in less than two the sky was entirely overcast—and -what with this and the driving spray, it became suddenly so dark -that we could not see each other in the smack.</p> - -<p>“Such a hurricane as then blew it is folly to attempt describing. -The oldest seaman in Norway never experienced anything -like it. We had let our sails go by the run before it cleverly -took us; but, at the first puff, both our masts went by the board -as if they had been sawed off—the mainmast taking with it my -youngest brother, who had lashed himself to it for safety.</p> - -<p>“Our boat was the lightest feather of a thing that ever sat -so upon water. It had a complete flush deck, with only a small -hatch near the bow, and this hatch it had always been our -custom to batten down when about to cross the Strom, by way -of precaution against the chopping seas. But for this circumstance -we should have foundered at once—for we lay entirely -buried for some moments. How my elder brother escaped destruction -I cannot say, for I never had an opportunity of ascertaining. -For my part, as soon as I had let the foresail run, I threw myself<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span> -flat on deck, with my feet against the narrow gunwale of the -bow, and with my hands grasping a ringbolt near the foot of -the foremast. It was mere instinct that prompted me to do -this—which was undoubtedly the very best thing I could have -done—for I was too much flurried to think.</p> - -<h5>SWEPT INTO THE MAELSTROM</h5> - -<p>“For some moments we were completely deluged, as I say, and -all this time I held my breath, and clung to the bolt. When I -could stand it no longer I raised myself upon my knees, still -keeping hold with my hands, and thus got my head clear. -Presently our little boat gave herself a shake, just as a dog -does in coming out of the water, and thus rid herself, in some -measure, of the seas. I was now trying to get the better of the -stupor that had come over me, and to collect my senses so as to -see what was to be done, when I felt somebody grasp my arm. -It was my elder brother, and my heart leaped for joy, for I -had made sure that he was overboard—but the next moment all -this joy was turned into horror—for he put his mouth close to -my ear, and screamed out the word ‘<em>Moskoe-strom!</em>’</p> - -<p>“No one will ever know what my feelings were at that moment. -I shook from head to foot as if I had had the most violent fit -of the ague. I knew what he meant by that one word well -enough—I knew what he wished to make me understand. With -the wind that now drove us on, we were bound for the whirl of -the Strom, and nothing could save us!</p> - -<p>“You perceive that in crossing the Strom <em>channel</em>, we always -went a long way up above the whirl, even in the calmest weather, -and then had to wait and watch carefully for the slack—but -now we were driving right upon the pool itself, and in such a -hurricane as this! ‘To be sure,’ I thought, ‘we shall get there -just about the slack—there is some little hope in that’—but in -the next moment I cursed myself for being so great a fool as to -dream of hope at all. I knew very well that we were doomed, -had we been ten times a ninety-gun ship.</p> - -<p>“By this time the first fury of the tempest had spent itself, -or perhaps we did not feel it so much as we scudded before it;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span> -but at all events the seas, which at first had been kept down -by the wind, and lay flat and frothing, now got up into absolute -mountains. A singular change, too, had come over the heavens. -Around in every direction it was still black as pitch, but nearly -overhead there burst out, all at once, a circular rift of clear -sky—as clear as I ever saw—and of a deep bright blue—and -through it there blazed forth the full moon with a luster that I -never before knew her to wear. She lit up everything about us -with the greatest distinctness—but, oh, God, what a scene it was -to light up!</p> - -<p>“I now made one or two attempts to speak to my brother—but, -in some manner which I could not understand, the din had -so increased that I could not make him hear a single word, -although I screamed at the top of my voice in his ear. Presently -he shook his head, looking as pale as death, and held up one of -his fingers, as if to say <em>listen</em>!</p> - -<p>“At first I could not make out what he meant—but soon a -hideous thought flashed upon me. I dragged my watch from its -fob. It was not going. I glanced at its face by the moonlight, -and then burst into tears as I flung it far away into the ocean. -<em>It had run down at seven o’clock! We were behind the time of -the slack, and the whirl of the Strom was in full fury!</em></p> - -<p>“When a boat is well built, properly trimmed, and not deep -laden, the waves in a strong gale, when she is going large, seem -always to slip from beneath her—which appears very strange to -a landsman—and this is what is called <em>riding</em>, in sea phrase.</p> - -<p>“Well, so far we had ridden the swells very cleverly; but -presently a gigantic sea happened to take us right under the -counter, and bore us with it as it rose—up—up—as if into the -sky. I would not have believed that any wave could rise so high. -And then down we came with a sweep, a slide, and a plunge, that -made me feel sick and dizzy, as if I was falling from some lofty -mountain-top in a dream. But while we were up I had thrown -a quick glance around—and that one glance was all-sufficient. -I saw our exact position in an instant. The Moskoe-strom whirlpool -was about a quarter of a mile dead ahead—but no more -like the everyday Moskoe-strom than the whirl as you now see<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span> -it is like a mill-race. If I had not known where we were, and -what we had to expect, I should not have recognized the place -at all. As it was, I involuntarily closed my eyes in horror. The -lids clenched themselves together as if in a spasm.</p> - -<p>“It could not have been more than two minutes afterwards -until we suddenly felt the waves subside, and were enveloped -in foam. The boat made a sharp half turn to larboard, and then -shot off in its new direction like a thunderbolt. At the same -moment the roaring noise of the water was completely drowned -in a kind of shrill shriek—such a sound as you might imagine -given out by the water-pipes of many thousand steam vessels, -letting off their steam all together. We were now in the belt of -surf that always surrounds the whirl; and I thought, of course, -that another moment would plunge us into the abyss—down -which we could only see indistinctly on account of the amazing -velocity with which we were borne along. The boat did not seem -to sink into the water at all, but to skim like an air-bubble upon -the surface of the surge. Her starboard side was next the whirl, -and on the larboard arose the world of ocean we had left. It -stood like a huge, writhing wall between us and the horizon.</p> - -<p>“It may appear strange, but now, when we were in the very -jaws of the gulf, I felt more composed than when we were only -approaching it. Having made up my mind to hope no more, I -got rid of a great deal of that terror which unmanned me at first. -I suppose it was despair that strung my nerves.</p> - -<p>“It may look like boasting—but what I tell you is truth—I -began to reflect how magnificent a thing it was to die in such a -manner, and how foolish it was in me to think of so paltry a consideration -as my own individual life, in view of so wonderful a -manifestation of God’s power. I do believe that I blushed with -shame when this idea crossed my mind. After a little while I -became possessed with the keenest curiosity about the whirl -itself. I positively felt a <em>wish</em> to explore its depths, even at the -sacrifice I was going to make; and my principal grief was that -I should never be able to tell my old companions on shore about -the mysteries I should see. These, no doubt, were singular fancies -to occupy a man’s mind in such extremity—and I have often<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span> -thought since, that the revolutions of the boat around the pool -might have rendered me a little light-headed.</p> - -<p>“There was another circumstance which tended to restore my -self-possession; and this was the cessation of the wind, which -could not reach us in our present situation—for, as you saw -yourself, the belt of surf is considerably lower than the general -bed of the ocean, and this latter now towered above us, a high, -black, mountainous ridge. If you have never been at sea in a -heavy gale, you can form no idea of the confusion of mind -occasioned by the wind and spray together. They blind, deafen, -and strangle you, and take away all power of action or reflection. -But we were now, in a great measure, rid of these annoyances—just -as death-condemned felons in prisons are allowed -petty indulgences forbidden them while their doom is yet uncertain.</p> - -<p>“How often we made the circuit of the belt it is impossible -to say. We careered round and round for perhaps an hour, -flying rather than floating, getting gradually more and more into -the middle of the surge, and then nearer and nearer to its horrible -inner edge. All this time I had never let go of the ringbolt. -My brother was at the stern, holding on to a small empty water-cask -which had been securely lashed under the coop of the -counter, and was the only thing on deck that had not been swept -overboard when the gale first took us. As we approached the -brink of the pit he let go his hold upon this, and made for the -ring, from which, in the agony of his terror, he endeavored to -force my hands, as it was not large enough to afford us both a -secure grasp. I never felt deeper grief than when I saw him -attempt this act—although I knew he was a madman when he -did it—a raving maniac through sheer fright. I did not care, -however, to contest the point with him. I knew it could make -no difference whether either of us held on at all; so I let him -have the bolt, and went astern to the cask. This there was no -great difficulty in doing; for the smack flew round steadily enough, -and upon an even keel—only swaying to and fro, with the -immense sweeps and swelters of the whirl. Scarcely had I -secured myself in my new position, when we gave a wild lurch<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span> -to starboard, and rushed headlong into the abyss. I muttered a -hurried prayer to God, and thought all was over.</p> - -<p>“As I felt the sickening sweep of the descent, I had instinctively -tightened my hold upon the barrel, and closed my eyes. -For some seconds I dared not open them—while I expected -instant destruction, and wondered that I was not already in my -death-struggles with the water. But moment after moment -elapsed. I still lived. The sense of falling had ceased; and the -motion of the vessel seemed much as it had been before, while -in the belt of foam, with the exception that she now lay more -along. I took courage and looked once again upon the scene.</p> - -<p>“Never shall I forget the sensations of awe, horror, and -admiration with which I gazed about me. The boat appeared -to be hanging, as if by magic, midway down, upon the interior -surface of a funnel vast in circumference, prodigious in depth, -and whose perfectly smooth sides might have been mistaken for -ebony, but for the bewildering rapidity with which they spun -around, and for the gleaming and ghastly radiance they shot -forth, as the rays of the full moon, from that circular rift amid -the clouds which I have already described, streamed in a <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref407">flood -of golden glory</a> along the black walls, and far away down into -the inmost recesses of the abyss.</p> - -<p>“At first I was too much confused to observe anything accurately. -The general burst of <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref408">terrific grandeur</a> was all that I -beheld. When I recovered myself a little, however, my gaze fell -instinctively downward. In this direction I was able to obtain -an unobstructed view, from the manner in which the smack hung -on the inclined surface of the pool. She was quite upon an even -keel—that is to say, her deck lay in a plane parallel with that -of the water—but this latter sloped at an angle of more than -forty-five degrees, so that we seemed to be lying upon our -beam-ends. I could not help observing, nevertheless, that I had -scarcely more difficulty in maintaining my hold and footing in -this situation, than if we had been upon a dead level; and this, -I suppose, was owing to the speed at which we revolved.</p> - -<p>“The rays of the moon seemed to search the very bottom of -the profound gulf; but still I could make out nothing distinctly,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span> -on account of a thick mist in which everything there was enveloped, -and over which there hung a magnificent rainbow, like that -narrow and tottering bridge which Mussulmans say is the only -pathway between Time and Eternity. This mist, or spray, was -no doubt occasioned by the clashing of the great walls of the -funnel, as they all met together at the bottom—but the yell that -went up to the heavens from out of that mist, I dare not attempt -to describe.</p> - -<p>“Our first slide into the abyss itself, from the belt of foam -above, had carried us to a great distance down the slope; but -our farther descent was by no means proportionate. Round and -round we swept—not with any uniform movement, but in dizzying -swings and jerks, that sent us sometimes only a few hundred -yards—sometimes nearly the complete circuit of the whirl. Our -progress downward, at each revolution, was slow, but very -perceptible.</p> - -<h5>THE MARVELOUS ESCAPE</h5> - -<p>“Looking about me upon the <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref409">wide waste of liquid ebony</a> on -which we were thus borne, I perceived that our boat was not the -only object in the embrace of the whirl. Both above and below -us were visible fragments of vessels, large masses of building -timber and trunks of trees, with many smaller articles, such as -pieces of house furniture, broken boxes, barrels, and staves. I -have already described the unnatural curiosity which had taken -the place of my original terrors. It appeared to grow upon me -as I drew nearer and nearer to my dreadful doom. I now began -to watch, with a strange interest, the numerous things that floated -in our company. I <em>must</em> have been delirious—for I even sought -<em>amusement</em> in speculating upon the relative velocities of their -several descents toward the foam below. ‘This fir tree,’ I found -myself at one time saying, ‘will certainly be the next thing that -takes the awful plunge and disappears,’—and then I was disappointed -to find that the wreck of a Dutch merchant ship overtook -it and went down before. At length, after making several -guesses of this nature, and being deceived in all—this fact—the -fact of my invariable miscalculation, set me upon a train of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span> -reflection that made my limbs again tremble, and my heart beat -heavily once more.</p> - -<p>“It was not a new terror that thus affected me, but the dawn -of a more exciting <em>hope</em>. This hope arose partly from memory, -and partly from present observation. I called to mind the great -variety of buoyant matter that strewed the coast of Lofoden, -having been absorbed and then thrown forth by the Moskoe-strom. -By far the greater number of the articles were shattered -in the most extraordinary way—so chafed and roughened as to -have the appearance of being stuck full of splinters—but then -I distinctly recollected that there were <em>some</em> of them which were -not disfigured at all. Now I could not account for this difference -except by supposing that the roughened fragments were the -only ones which had been <em>completely absorbed</em>—that the others -had entered the whirl at so late a period of the tide, or, from -some reason, had descended so slowly after entering, that they -did not reach the bottom before the turn of the flood came, or -of the ebb, as the case might be. I conceived it possible, in -either instance, that they might thus be whirled up again to the -level of the ocean, without undergoing the fate of those which -had been drawn in more early or absorbed more rapidly. I made, -also, three important observations. The first was, that as a -general rule, the larger the bodies were, the more rapid their -descent; the second, that, between two masses of equal extent, -the one spherical, and the other <em>of any other shape</em>, the superiority -in speed of descent was with the sphere; the third, that, -between two masses of equal size, the one cylindrical, and the -other of any other shape, the cylinder was absorbed the more -slowly. Since my escape, I have had several conversations on -this subject with an old schoolmaster of the district; and it was -from him that I learned the use of the words ‘cylinder’ and -‘sphere.’ He explained to me—although I have forgotten the -explanation—how what I observed was, in fact, the natural consequence -of the forms of the floating fragments, and showed me -how it happened that a cylinder, swimming in a vortex, offered -more resistance to its suction, and was drawn in with greater -difficulty, than an equally bulky body, of any form whatever.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span></p> - -<p>“There was one startling circumstance which went a great -way in enforcing these observations, and rendering me anxious -to turn them to account, and this was that, at every revolution, -we passed something like a barrel, or else the yard or mast of -a vessel, while many of these things, which had been on our -level when I first opened my eyes upon the wonders of the -whirlpool, were now high up above us, and seemed to have moved -but little from their original station.</p> - -<p>“I no longer hesitated what to do. I resolved to lash myself -securely to the water cask upon which I now held, to cut it -loose from the counter, and to throw myself with it into the -water. I attracted my brother’s attention to signs, pointed to -the floating barrels that came near us, and did everything in -my power to make him understand what I was about to do. I -thought at length that he comprehended my design—but, whether -this was the case or not, he shook his head despairingly, and -refused to move from his station by the ringbolt. It was impossible -to reach him; the emergency admitted of no delay; and so, -with a bitter struggle, I resigned him to his fate, fastened myself -to the cask by means of the lashings which secured it to the -counter, and precipitated myself with it into the sea, without -another moment’s hesitation.</p> - -<p>“The result was precisely what I had hoped it might be. -As it is myself who now tells you this tale—as you see that I -<em>did</em> escape—and as you are already in possession of the mode -in which this escape was effected, and must therefore anticipate -all that I have further to say—I will bring my story quickly to -conclusion. It might have been an hour, or thereabout, after -my quitting the smack, when, having descended to a vast distance -beneath me, it made three or four wild gyrations in rapid -succession, and, bearing my loved brother with it, plunged headlong, -at once and forever, into the chaos of foam below. The -barrel to which I was attached sunk very little farther than -half the distance between the bottom of the gulf and the spot -at which I leaped overboard, before a great change took place -in the character of the whirlpool. The slope of the sides of the -vast funnel became momently less and less steep. <a href="#phrases39" title="List of phrases" id="ref410">The gyrations -of the whirl</a> grew, gradually, less and less violent. By degrees,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span> -the froth and the rainbow disappeared, and the bottom of the -gulf seemed slowly to uprise. The sky was clear, the winds had -gone down, and the full moon was setting radiantly in the west, -when I found myself on the surface of the ocean, in full view -of the shores of Lofoden, and above the spot where the pool of -the Moskoe-strom <em>had been</em>. It was the hour of the slack; but -the sea still heaved in mountainous waves from the effects of the -hurricane. I was borne violently into the channel of the strom, -and in a few minutes was hurried down the coast into the -‘grounds’ of the fishermen. A boat picked me up—exhausted -from fatigue—and (now that the danger was removed) speechless -from the memory of its horror. Those who drew me on board -were my old mates and daily companions, but they knew me -no more than they would have known a traveler from the spirit-land. -My hair, which had been raven-black the day before, -was as white as you see it now. They say, too, that the whole -expression of my countenance had changed. I told them my -story—they did not believe it. I now tell it to you—and I can -scarcely expect you to put more faith in it than did the merry -fishermen of Lofoden.”</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) was the greatest poet and -short story writer the South has produced. His parents belonged by -profession to the stage; his mother was English and his father American -by birth. Born in Boston, he was left an orphan at an early age, and was -adopted by a Mr. Allan, a wealthy citizen of Richmond, Virginia. Poe was -sent to school in London, and later he attended the University of Virginia, -and the military academy at West Point. Mr. Allan lavished money and -other inducements upon him in vain efforts to get him to settle down to a -permanent profession, but finally abandoned him to his own resources. -From that time on, Poe eked out a living by publishing poems and tales, -by contributions to newspapers and magazines, and by editorial work. But -he was too erratic in his habits to retain long either positions or friends. -His writings, like his character, were weird, mysterious, haunted by brooding -melancholy. But his poetry is perhaps the most purely musical of any in -our language—for Poe believed that poetry should be the language of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span> -feelings rather than of thought, and that it should therefore seek to produce -its effects through “harmony of sweet sounds” rather than through the meaning -of its lines. His prose tales of mystery and adventure are remarkable -for their imaginative and poetic style; they have served as models for many -well known writers. Poe was the originator of the modern short story.</p> - -<p>Poe’s erratic, troubled life ended at Baltimore, in 1849, in the fortieth -year of his age. The pathos of it is well summed up in the inscription on -a memorial tablet erected to him in the New York Museum of Art: “He -was great in his genius, unhappy in his life, wretched in his death, but in -his fame, immortal.”</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Locate the scene of this story on a map. 2. Read from -the dictionary and encyclopedia to learn about whirlpools. 3. What do -you learn from Jonas Ramus’s description of the whirlpool? 4. How does -the <cite>Encyclopedia Britannica</cite> account for the vortex? 5. What was the -theory of Kircher? 6. How does the hero account for his apparent age? -7. Relate briefly in your own words the hero’s story of his experience in -the maelstrom. 8. What tempted him to brave the dangers of the whirlpool? -9. Account for his miscalculation of the time of the slack. 10. What -three observations did the hero make while descending into the maelstrom? -11. How did he make his escape? 12. How does Poe try to give an idea of -the noise of the whirlpool? 13. How does it differ from Hawthorne’s -description of the roar of Niagara? (<a href="#Page_466">See page 466.</a>) 14. How had the -“ordinary accounts of the vortex” prepared Poe to see it? 15. In what were -these accounts of the vortex inadequate? 16. Compare this with Hawthorne’s -statement concerning what he had read of Niagara. 17. From this -story what do you think of Poe’s powers of imagination and description? -18. What other authors have you read that have similar powers? 19. Point -out descriptions in this selection that you particularly like. 20. Pronounce -the following: ungovernable; maelstrom; vortices; herbage; gauntlet; -ague; buoyant.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases39"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref393">sheer unobstructed precipice, 192, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref394">particularizing manner, 192, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref395">deplorably desolate, 192, 29</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref396">precipitous descents, 194, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref397">gleaming spray, 194, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref398">terrific funnel, 194, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref399">boisterous rapidity, 195, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref400">fruitless struggles, 195, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref401">flux and reflux, 195, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref402">immediate vicinity, 196, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref403">abyss of the whirl, 196, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref404">plausible in perusal, 196, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref405">collision of waves, 196, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref406">desperate speculation, 197, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref407">flood of golden glory, 204, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref408">terrific grandeur, 204, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref409">wide waste of liquid ebony, 205, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref410">the gyrations of the whirl, 207, 37</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE WRECK OF THE GOLDEN MARY</h4> - -<p class="author">CHARLES DICKENS</p> - -<h5><span class="smcap">Chapter I—The Wreck</span></h5> - -<h6>RAVENDER TAKES COMMAND OF THE GOLDEN MARY</h6> - -<p>I was apprenticed to the Sea when I was twelve years old, -and I have encountered a great deal of rough weather, both <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref411">literal -and metaphorical</a>. It has always been my opinion since I first -possessed such a thing as an opinion, that the man who knows -only one subject is next tiresome to the man who knows no subject. -Therefore, in the course of my life I have taught myself -whatever I could, and although I am not an educated man, I am -able, I am thankful to say, to have an intelligent interest in most -things.</p> - -<p>A person might suppose, from reading the above, that I am in -the habit of holding forth about number one. That is not the -case. Just as if I were to come into a room among strangers, and -must either be introduced or introduce myself, so I have taken -the liberty of passing these few remarks, simply and plainly that -it may be known who and what I am. I will add no more of the -sort than that my name is William George Ravender, that I was -born at Penrith half a year after my own father was drowned, -and that I am on the second day of this present blessed Christmas -week of one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, fifty-six years -of age.</p> - -<p>When the rumor first went flying up and down that there was -gold in California—which, as most people know, was before it was -discovered in the British colony of Australia—I was in the West -Indies, trading among the Islands. Being in command and likewise -part-owner of a smart schooner, I had my work cut out for -me, and I was doing it. Consequently, gold in California was no -business of mine.</p> - -<p>But, by the time when I came home to England again, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span> -thing was as clear as your hand held up before you at noon-day. -There was Californian gold in the museums and in the goldsmiths’ -shops, and the very first time I went upon ’Change, I met a friend -of mine (a seafaring man like myself), with a Californian nugget -hanging to his watch-chain. I handled it. It was as like a peeled -walnut with bits unevenly broken off here and there, and then -electrotyped all over, as ever I saw anything in my life.</p> - -<p>I am a single man (she was too good for this world and for -me, and she died six weeks before our marriage-day), so when I -am ashore, I live in my house at Poplar. My house at Poplar -is taken care of and kept ship-shape by an old lady who was my -mother’s maid before I was born. She is as handsome and as -upright as any old lady in the world. She is as fond of me as if -she had ever had an only son, and I were he. Well do I know -wherever I sail that she never lays down her head at night without -having said, “Merciful Lord! bless and preserve William -George Ravender, and send him safe home, through Christ our -Savior!” I have thought of it in many a <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref412">dangerous moment</a>, -when it has done me no harm, I am sure.</p> - -<p>In my house at Poplar, along with this old lady, I lived quiet -for the best part of a year, having had a long spell of it among the -Islands, and having (which was very uncommon in me) taken -the fever rather badly. At last, being strong and hearty, and having -read every book I could lay hold of right out, I was walking -down Leadenhall Street in the City of London, thinking of turning-to -again, when I met what I call Smithick and Watersby of -Liverpool. I chanced to lift up my eyes from looking in at a -<a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref413">ship’s chronometer</a> in a window, and I saw him bearing down -upon me, head on.</p> - -<p>It is, personally, neither Smithick, nor Watersby, that I here -mention, nor was I ever acquainted with any man of either of -those names, nor do I think that there has been any one of either -of those names in that Liverpool House for years back. But, it -is in reality the House itself that I refer to; and a wiser merchant -or a truer gentleman never stepped.</p> - -<p>“My dear Captain Ravender,” says he. “Of all the men on -earth, I wanted to see you most. I was on my way to you.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Well!” says I. “That looks as if you <em>were</em> to see me, don’t -it?” With that I put my arm in his, and we walked on toward -the Royal Exchange, and when we got there, walked up and down -at the back of it where the Clock-Tower is. We walked an hour -and more, for he had much to say to me. He had a scheme for -chartering a new ship of their own to take out cargo to the diggers -and emigrants in California, and to buy and bring back gold. -Into the particulars of that scheme I will not enter, and I have no -right to enter. All I say of it is, that it was a very original one, -a very fine one, a very sound one, and a very <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref414">lucrative one</a> beyond -doubt.</p> - -<p>He imparted it to me as freely as if I had been a part of himself. -After doing so, he made me the handsomest sharing offer -that ever was made to me, boy or man—or I believe to any other -captain in the Merchant Navy—and he took this round turn to -finish with:</p> - -<p>“Ravender, you are well aware that the lawlessness of that -coast and country at present is as special as the circumstances -in which it is placed. Crews of vessels outward bound desert -as soon as they make the land; crews of vessels homeward bound, -ship at enormous wages, with the express intention of murdering -the captain and seizing the gold freight; no man can trust another, -and the devil seems let loose. Now,” says he, “you know my -opinion of you, and you know I am only expressing it, and with -no singularity, when I tell you that you are almost the only man -on whose integrity, discretion, and energy—” etc., etc. For I -don’t want to repeat what he said, though I was and am sensible -of it.</p> - -<p>Notwithstanding my being, as I have mentioned, quite ready -for a voyage, still I had some doubts of this voyage. Of course -I knew, without being told, that there were peculiar difficulties -and dangers in it, a long way over and above those which attend -all voyages. It must not be supposed that I was afraid to face -them; but, in my opinion a man has no manly motive or sustainment -in his own breast for facing dangers, unless he has well considered -what they are, and is quietly able to say to himself, “None -of these perils can now take me by surprise; I shall know what to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span> -do for the best in any of them; all the rest lies in the higher and -greater hands to which I humbly commit myself.” On this principle -I have so attentively considered (regarding it as my duty) -all the hazards I have ever been able to think of, in the ordinary -way of storm, shipwreck, and fire at sea, that I hope I should be -prepared to do in any of those cases whatever could be done, to -save the lives entrusted to my charge.</p> - -<p>As I was thoughtful, my good friend proposed that he should -leave me to walk there as long as I liked, and that I should dine -with him by-and-by at his club in Pall Mall. I accepted the -invitation and I walked up and down there, quarter-deck fashion, -a matter of a couple of hours; now and then looking up at the -weathercock as I might have looked up aloft; and now and then -taking a look into Cornhill, as I might have taken a look over -the side.</p> - -<p>All dinner-time, and all after dinner-time, we talked it over -again. I gave him my views of his plan, and he very much -approved of the same. I told him I had nearly decided, but not -quite. “Well, well,” says he, “come down to Liverpool tomorrow -with me, and see the Golden Mary.” I liked the name (her name -was Mary, and she was golden, if golden stands for good), so I -began to feel that it was almost done when I said I would go to -Liverpool. On the next morning but one we were on board the -Golden Mary. I might have known, from his asking me to come -down and see her, what she was. I declare her to have been the -completest and most exquisite Beauty that ever I set my eyes -upon.</p> - -<p>We had inspected every timber in her, and had come back to -the gangway to go ashore from the dock-basin, when I put out my -hand to my friend. “Touch upon it,” says I, “and touch heartily. -I take command of this ship and I am hers and yours, if I can -get John Steadiman for my chief mate.”</p> - -<p>John Steadiman had sailed with me four voyages. The first -voyage John was third mate out to China, and came home second. -The other three voyages he was my first officer. At this time of -chartering the Golden Mary, he was aged thirty-two. A brisk, -bright, blue-eyed fellow, a very neat figure and rather under the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span> -middle size, never out of the way and never in it, a face that -pleased everybody and that all children took to, a habit of going -about singing as cheerily as a blackbird, and a perfect sailor.</p> - -<p>We were in one of those Liverpool hackney-coaches in less -than a minute, and we cruised about in her upwards of three -hours, looking for John. John had come home from Van Diemen’s -Land barely a month before, and I had heard of him as taking a -frisk in Liverpool. We asked after him, among many other places, -at the two boarding-houses he was fondest of, and we found he -had had a week’s spell at each of them; but, he had gone here and -gone there, and had set off “to lay out on the main-to’-gallant-yard -of the highest Welsh mountain” (so he had told the people -of the house), and where he might be then, or when he might come -back nobody could tell us. But it was surprising, to be sure, to -see how every face brightened the moment there was mention -made of the name of Mr. Steadiman.</p> - -<p>We were taken aback at meeting with no better luck, and we -had wore ship and put her head for my friend’s, when as we were -jogging through the streets, I clap my eyes on John himself coming -out of a toy-shop! He was carrying a little boy, and conducting -two uncommon pretty women to their coach, and he told me -afterwards that he had never in his life seen one of the three -before, but that he was so taken with them on looking in at the -toy-shop while they were buying the child a cranky Noah’s Ark, -very much down by the head, that he had gone in and asked the -ladies’ permission to treat him to a <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref415">tolerably correct</a> Cutter there -was in the window, in order that such a handsome boy might not -grow up with a lubberly idea of naval architecture.</p> - -<p>We stood off and on until the ladies’ coachman began to give -way, and then we hailed John. On his coming aboard of us, I told -him, very gravely, what I had said to my friend. It struck him, -as he said himself, amidships. He was quite shaken by it. “Captain -Ravender,” were John Steadiman’s words, “such an opinion -from you is true commendation, and I’ll sail around the world with -you for twenty years if you <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref416">hoist the signal</a>, and stand by you for -ever!” And now indeed I felt that it was done, and that the -Golden Mary was afloat.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span></p> - -<p>Grass never grew yet under the feet of Smithick and Watersby. -The riggers were out of that ship in a fortnight’s time, and we -had begun taking in cargo. John was always aboard, seeing -everything stowed with his own eyes; and whenever I went aboard -myself early or late, whether he was below in the hold, or on deck -at the hatchway, or overhauling his cabin, nailing up pictures in -it of the Blush Roses of England, the Blue Belles of Scotland, and -the female Shamrock of Ireland, of a certainty I heard John singing -like a blackbird.</p> - -<h6>THE START FOR CALIFORNIA</h6> - -<p>We had room for twenty passengers. Our sailing advertisement -was no sooner out, than we might have taken these twenty -times over. In entering our men, I and John (both together) -picked them, and we entered none but good hands—as good as -were to be found in that port. And so, in a good ship of the best -build, well owned, well arranged, well officered, well manned, well -found in all respects, we parted with our pilot at a quarter past -four o’clock in the afternoon of the seventh of March, one thousand -eight hundred and fifty-one, and stood with a fair wind out -to sea.</p> - -<p>It may be easily believed that up to that time I had had no -leisure to be intimate with my passengers. The most of them were -then in their berths seasick; however, in going among them, telling -them what was good for them, persuading them not to be there, -but to come up on deck and feel the breeze, and in rousing them -with a joke, or a comfortable word, I made acquaintance with -them, perhaps, in a more friendly and confidential way from the -first, than I might have done at the cabin table.</p> - -<p>Of my passengers, I need only particularize, just at present, -a bright-eyed blooming young wife who was going out to join -her husband in California, taking with her their only child, a little -girl three years old, whom he had never seen; a sedate young -woman in black, some five years older (about thirty as I should -say), who was going out to join a brother; and an old gentleman, -a good deal like a hawk if his eyes had been better and not so red, -who was always talking, morning, noon, and night, about the gold<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span> -discovery. But, whether he was making the voyage, thinking his -old arms could dig for gold, or whether his speculation was to buy -it, or to barter for it, or to cheat for it, or to snatch it anyhow -from other people, was his secret. He kept his secret.</p> - -<p>These three and the child were the soonest well. The child was -a most engaging child, to be sure, and very fond of me; though I -am bound to admit that John Steadiman and I were borne on her -pretty little books in reverse order, and that he was captain there, -and I was mate. It was beautiful to watch her with John, and it -was beautiful to watch John with her. Few would have thought -it possible, to see John playing at Bo-peep round the mast, that -he was the man who had caught up an iron bar and struck a -Malay and a Maltese dead, as they were gliding with their knives -down the cabin stair aboard the bark Old England, when the -captain lay ill in his cot, off Sauger Point. But he was; and give -him his back against a bulwark, he would have done the same by -half a dozen of them. The name of the young mother was Mrs. -Atherfield, the name of the young lady in black was Miss Coleshaw, -and the name of the old gentleman was Mr. Rarx.</p> - -<p>As the child had a quantity of shining fair hair, clustering in -curls all around her face, and as her name was Lucy, Steadiman -gave her the name of Golden Lucy. So, we had the Golden Lucy -and the Golden Mary; and John kept up the idea to that extent as -he and the child went playing about the decks, that I believe she -used to think the ship was alive somehow—a sister or companion, -going to the same place as herself. She liked to be by the wheel, -and in fine weather, I have often stood by the man whose trick it -was at the wheel, only to hear her, sitting near my feet, talking -to the ship. Never had a child such a doll before, I suppose; but -she made a doll of the Golden Mary, and used to dress her up by -tying ribbons and little bits of finery to the belaying pins; and -nobody ever moved them, unless it was to save them from being -blown away.</p> - -<p>Of course I took charge of the two young women, and I called -them “my dear,” and they never minded, knowing that whatever -I said was said in a fatherly and protecting spirit. I gave them -their places on each side of me at dinner, Mrs. Atherfield on my<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span> -right and Miss Coleshaw on my left; and I directed the unmarried -lady to serve out the breakfast, and the married lady to serve out -the tea. Likewise I said to my black steward in their presence, -“Tom Snow, these two ladies are equally the mistresses of this -house, and do you obey their orders equally”; at which Tom -laughed, and they all laughed.</p> - -<p>Old Mr. Rarx was not a pleasant man to look at, nor yet to -talk to, or to be with, for no one could help seeing that he was a -sordid and selfish character, and that he had warped further and -further out of the straight with time. Not but what he was on his -best behavior with us, as everybody was; for we had no bickering -among us, for’ard or aft. I only mean to say, he was not the man -one would have chosen for a messmate. If choice there had been, -one might even have gone a few points out of one’s course to say, -“No! Not him!” But, there was one <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref417">curious inconsistency</a> in -Mr. Rarx. That was, that he took an astonishing interest in the -child. He looked, and I may add, he was, one of the last men to -care at all for a child, or care much for any human creature. -Still, he went so far as to be habitually uneasy, if the child was -long on deck, out of his sight. He was always afraid of her falling -overboard, or falling down a hatchway, or of a block or what not -coming down upon her from the rigging in the working of the ship, -or of her getting some hurt or other. He used to look at her and -touch her, as if she was something precious to him. He was -always solicitous about her not injuring her health, and constantly -entreated her mother to be careful of it. This was so much the -more curious, because the child did not like him, but used to shrink -away from him, and would not even put out her hand to him without -coaxing from others. I believe that every soul on board frequently -noticed this, and not one of us understood it. However, -it was such a plain fact, that John Steadiman said more than -once when old Mr. Rarx was not within earshot, that if the -Golden Mary felt a tenderness for the dear old gentleman she -carried in her lap, she must be bitterly jealous of the Golden -Lucy.</p> - -<p>Before I go any further with this narrative, I will state that -our ship was a bark of three hundred tons, carrying a crew of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span> -eighteen men, a second mate in addition to John, a carpenter, an -armorer or smith, and two apprentices (one a Scotch boy, poor -little fellow). We had three boats; the Long-boat, capable of -carrying twenty-five men; the Cutter, capable of carrying fifteen; -and the Surf-boat, capable of carrying ten. I put down the capacity -of these boats according to the numbers they were really meant -to hold.</p> - -<p>We had tastes of bad weather and head-winds, of course; but, -on the whole, we had as fine a run as any reasonable man could -expect, for sixty days. I then began to enter two remarks in the -ship’s Log and in my Journal; first, that there was an unusual and -amazing quantity of ice; second, that the nights were most wonderfully -dark in spite of the ice.</p> - -<p>For five days and a half, it seemed quite useless and hopeless -to alter the ship’s course so as to stand out of the way of this ice. -I made what southing I could; but, all that time, we were beset -by it. Mrs. Atherfield, after standing by me on deck once, looking -for some time in an awed manner at the great bergs that surrounded -us, said in a whisper, “Oh! Captain Ravender, it looks as -if the whole solid earth had changed into ice, and broken up!” -I said to her, laughing, “I don’t wonder that it does, to your -inexperienced eyes, my dear.” But I had never seen a twentieth -part of the quantity, and, in reality, I was pretty much of her -opinion.</p> - -<p>However, at two <span class="smcapuc">P. M.</span> on the afternoon of the sixth day, that -is to say, when we were sixty-six days out, John Steadiman, who -had gone aloft, sang out from the top, that the sea was clear -ahead. Before four <span class="smcapuc">P. M.</span> a strong breeze springing up right astern, -we were in open water at sunset. The breeze then freshening into -half a gale of wind, and the Golden Mary being a very fast sailer, -we went before the wind merrily, all night.</p> - -<p>I had thought it impossible that it could be darker than it had -been, until the sun, moon, and stars should fall out of the Heavens, -and Time should be destroyed; but, it had been next to light, in -comparison with what it was now. The darkness was so profound, -that looking into it was painful and oppressive—like looking, -without a ray of light, into a dense black bandage put as close<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span> -before the eyes as it could be, without touching them. I doubled -the lookout, and John and I stood in the bow side-by-side, never -leaving it all night. Yet I should no more have known that he was -near me when he was silent, without putting out my arm and -touching him, than I should if he had turned in and been fast -asleep below. We were not so much looking out, all of us, as -listening to the utmost, both with our eyes and ears.</p> - -<p>Next day, I found that the mercury in the barometer, which -had risen steadily since we cleared the ice, remained steady. -I had had very good observations, with now and then the interruption -of a day or so, since our departure. I got the sun at noon, -and found that we were in Lat. 58° S., Long. 60° W., off New -South Shetland; in the neighborhood of Cape Horn. We were -sixty-seven days out, that day. The ship’s reckoning was accurately -worked and made up. The ship did her duty admirably, -all on board were well, and all hands were as smart, efficient, and -contented as it was possible to be.</p> - -<p>When the night came on again as dark as before, it was the -eighth night I had been on deck. Nor had I taken more than a -very little sleep in the daytime, my station being always near the -helm, and often at it, while we were among the ice. Few but those -who have tried it can imagine the difficulty and pain of only keeping -the eyes open—physically open—under such circumstances, in -such darkness. They get struck by the darkness, and blinded by -the darkness. They make patterns in it, and they flash in it, as -if they had gone out of your head to look at you. On the turn of -midnight, John Steadiman, who was alert and fresh (for I had -always made him turn in by day), said to me, “Captain Ravender, -I entreat of you to go below. I am sure you can hardly stand, and -your voice is getting weak, sir. Go below, and take a little rest. -I’ll call you if <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref418">a block chafes</a>.” I said to John in answer, “Well, -well, John! Let us wait till the turn of one o’clock, before we -talk about that.” I had just had one of the ship’s lanterns held -up, that I might see how the night went by my watch, and it was -then twenty minutes after twelve.</p> - -<p>At five minutes before one, John sang out to the boy to bring -the lantern again, and when I told him once more what the time<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span> -was, entreated and prayed of me to go below. “Captain Ravender,” -says he, “all’s well; we can’t afford to have you laid up for -a single hour; and I respectfully and earnestly beg of you to go -below.” The end of it was, that I agreed to do so, on the understanding -that if I failed to come up of my own accord within three -hours, I was to be punctually called. Having settled that, I left -John in charge. But I called him to me once afterwards, to ask -him a question. I had been to look at the barometer, and had -seen the mercury still perfectly steady, and had come up the companion -again to take a last look about me—if I can use such a -word in reference to such darkness—when I thought that the -waves, as the Golden Mary parted them and shook them off, had a -hollow sound in them; something that I fancied was a rather unusual -reverberation. I was standing by the quarterdeck rail on -the starboard side, when I called John aft to me, and bade him -listen. He did so with the greatest attention. Turning to me -he then said, “Rely upon it, Captain Ravender, you have been -without rest too long, and the novelty is only in the state of your -sense of hearing.” I thought so too by that time, and I think so -now, though I can never know for absolute certain in this world, -whether it was or not.</p> - -<p>When I left John Steadiman in charge, the ship was still going -at a great rate through the water. The wind still blew right -astern. Though she was making great way, she was under shortened -sail, and had no more than she could easily carry. All was -snug, and nothing complained. There was a pretty sea running, -but not a high sea neither, nor at all a confused one.</p> - -<p>I turned in, as we seamen say, all standing. The meaning of -that is, I did not pull my clothes off—no, not even so much as -my coat; though I did my shoes, for my feet were badly swelled -with the deck. There was a little swing-lamp alight in my cabin. -I thought, as I looked at it before shutting my eyes, that I was -so tired of darkness and troubled by darkness, that I could have -gone to sleep best in the midst of a million of flaming gas-lights. -That was the last thought I had before I went off, except -the prevailing thought that I should not be able to get to sleep -at all.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span></p> - -<h6>THE WRECK</h6> - -<p>I dreamed that I was back at Penrith again, and was trying to -get round the church, which had altered its shape very much since -I last saw it, and was cloven all down the middle of the steeple in -a most singular manner. Why I wanted to get round the church -I don’t know; but I was as anxious to do it as if my life depended -on it. Indeed, I believe it did in the dream. For all that, I could -not get round the church. I was still trying, when I came against -it with a violent shock, and was flung out of my cot against the -ship’s side. Shrieks and a terrific outcry struck me far harder -than the bruising timbers, and amidst sounds of grinding and -crashing, and a heavy rushing and breaking of water—sounds I -understood too well—I made my way on deck. It was not an easy -thing to do, for the ship heeled over frightfully, and was beating -in a furious manner.</p> - -<p>I could not see the men as I went forward, but I could hear -that they were hauling in sail, in disorder. I had my trumpet in -my hand, and, after directing and encouraging them in this till it -was done, I hailed first John Steadiman, and then my second mate, -Mr. William Rames. Both answered clearly and steadily. Now, -I had practiced them and all my crew, as I have ever made it a -custom to practice all who sail with me, to take certain stations -and wait my orders, in case of any unexpected crisis. When my -voice was heard hailing, and their voices were heard answering, -I was aware, through all the noises of the ship and sea, and all the -crying of the passengers below, that there was a pause. “Are you -ready, Rames?”—“Ay, ay, sir!”—“Then light up, for God’s -sake!” In a moment he and another were burning blue-lights, and -the ship and all on board seemed to be enclosed in a mist of light, -under a great black dome.</p> - -<p>The light shone up so high that I could see the huge Iceberg -upon which we had struck, cloven at the top and down the middle, -exactly like Penrith Church in my dream. At the same moment -I could see the watch last relieved crowding up and down on deck; -I could see Mrs. Atherfield and Miss Coleshaw thrown about on -the top of the companion as they struggled to bring the child up<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span> -from below; I could see that the masts were going with the shock -and the beating of the ship; I could see the <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref419">frightful breach</a> stove -in on the starboard side, half the length of the vessel, and the -sheathing and timbers spirting up; I could see that the Cutter was -disabled, in a wreck of broken fragments; and I could see every -eye turned upon me. It is my belief that if there had been ten -thousand eyes there, I should have seen them all, with their different -looks. And all this in a moment. But you must consider -what a moment.</p> - -<p>I saw the men, as they looked at me, fall toward their appointed -stations, like good men and true. If she had not righted, -they could have done very little there or anywhere but die—not -that it is little for a man to die at his post—I mean they could -have done nothing to save the passengers and themselves. Happily, -however, the violence of the shock with which we had so -determinedly borne down direct on that fatal Iceberg, as if it -had been our destination instead of our destruction, had so -smashed and pounded the ship that she got off in this same -instant and righted. I did not want the carpenter to tell me she -was filling and going down; I could see and hear that. I gave -Rames the word to lower the Long-boat and the Surf-boat, and -I myself told off the men for each duty. Not one hung back, or -came before the other. I now whispered to John Steadiman, -“John, I stand at the gangway here, to see every soul on board -safe over the side. You shall have the next post of honor, and -shall be the last but one to leave the ship. Bring up the passengers, -and range them behind me; and put what provision and -water you can get at in the boats. Cast your eye forward, John, -and you’ll see you have not a moment to lose.”</p> - -<p>My noble fellows got the boats over the side as orderly as I -ever saw boats lowered with any sea running, and when they -were launched, two or three of the nearest men in them as they -held on, rising and falling with the swell, called out, looking up -at me, “Captain Ravender, if anything goes wrong with us, and -you are saved, remember, we stood by you!”—“We’ll all stand -by one another ashore, yet, please God, my lads!” says I. “Hold -on bravely, and be tender with the women.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span></p> - -<p>The women were an example to us. They trembled very -much, but they were quiet and perfectly collected. “Kiss me, -Captain Ravender,” says Mrs. Atherfield, “and God in heaven -bless you, you good man!” “My dear,” says I, “those words are -better for me than a life-boat.” I held her child in my arms till -she was in the boat, and then kissed the child and handed her -safe down. I now said to the people in her, “You have got your -freight, my lads, all but me, and I am not coming yet awhile. -Pull away from the ship, and keep off!”</p> - -<p>That was the Long-boat. Old Mr. Rarx was one of her complement, -and he was the only passenger who had greatly misbehaved -since the ship struck. Others had been a little wild, -which was not to be wondered at, and not very blamable; but, he -had made a lamentation and uproar which it was dangerous for -the people to hear, as there is always contagion in weakness and -selfishness. His incessant cry had been that he must not be separated -from the child, that he couldn’t see the child, and that he -and the child must go together. He had even tried to wrest the -child out of my arms, that he might keep her in his. “Mr. Rarx,” -said I to him when it came to that, “I have a loaded pistol in my -pocket; and if you don’t stand out of the gangway, and keep perfectly -quiet, I shall shoot you through the heart, if you have got -one.” Says he, “You won’t do murder, Captain Ravender!” “No, -sir,” says I, “I won’t murder forty-four people to humor you, but -I’ll shoot you to save them.” After that he was quiet, and stood -shivering a little way off, until I named him to go over the side.</p> - -<p>The Long-boat being cast off, the Surf-boat was soon filled. -There only remained aboard the Golden Mary, John Mullion, -the man who had kept on burning the blue-lights (and who had -so lighted every new one at every old one before it went out, as -quietly as if he had been at an illumination); John Steadiman; -and myself. I hurried those two into the Surf-boat, called to -them to keep off, and waited with a grateful and relieved heart -for the Long-boat to come and take me in, if she could. I looked -at my watch, and it showed me, by the blue-light, ten minutes -past two. They lost no time. As soon as she was near enough, -I swung myself into her, and called to the men, “With a will,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span> -lads! She’s reeling!” We were not an inch too far out of the -<a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref420">inner vortex</a> of her going down, when, by the blue-light which -John Mullion still burnt in the bow of the Surf-boat, we saw her -lurch, and plunge to the bottom head-foremost. The child cried, -weeping wildly, “O the dear Golden Mary! O look at her! Save -her! Save the poor Golden Mary!” And then the light burned -out, and the black dome seemed to come down upon us.</p> - -<h6>ADRIFT IN LIFE BOATS</h6> - -<p>I suppose if we had all stood atop of a mountain, and seen the -whole remainder of the world sink away from under us, we could -hardly have felt more shocked and solitary than we did when we -knew we were alone on the wide ocean, and that the beautiful -ship in which most of us had been securely asleep within half an -hour was gone for ever. There was an awful silence in our boat, -and such a kind of palsy on the rowers and the man at the rudder, -that I felt they were scarcely keeping her before the sea. I spoke -out then, and said, “Let every one here thank the Lord for our -preservation!” All the voices answered (even the child’s), “We -thank the Lord!” I then said the Lord’s Prayer, and all hands -said it after me with a solemn murmuring. Then I gave the word -“Cheerily, O men, cheerily!” and I felt that they were handling -the boat again as a boat ought to be handled.</p> - -<p>The Surf-boat now burned another blue-light to show us where -they were, and we made for her, and laid ourselves as nearly -alongside of her as we dared. I had always kept my boats with -a coil or two of good stout stuff in each of them, so both boats -had a rope at hand. We made a shift, with much labor and -trouble, to get near enough to one another to divide the blue-lights -(they were no use after that night, for the sea-water soon got -at them), and to get a <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref421">tow-rope</a> out between us. All night long -we kept together, sometimes obliged to cast off the rope, and -sometimes getting it out again, and all of us wearying for the -morning—which appeared so long in coming that old Mr. Rarx -screamed out, in spite of his fears of me, “The world is drawing -to an end, and the sun will never rise any more!”</p> - -<p>When the day broke, I found that we were all huddled together<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span> -in a miserable manner. We were deep in the water; being, as I -found on mustering, thirty-one in number, or at least six too -many. In the Surf-boat they were fourteen in number, being at -least four too many. The first thing I did, was to get myself -passed to the rudder—which I took from that time—and to get -Mrs. Atherfield, her child, and Miss Coleshaw, passed on to sit -next me. As to old Mr. Rarx, I put him in the bow, as far from -us as I could. And I put some of the best men near us in order -that if I should drop there might be a skillful hand ready to take -the helm.</p> - -<p>The sea moderating as the sun came up, though the sky was -cloudy and wild, we spoke the other boat, to know what stores -they had, and to overhaul what we had. I had a compass in my -pocket, a small telescope, a double-barreled pistol, a knife, and -a fire-box and matches. Most of my men had knives, and some -had a little tobacco; some, a pipe as well. We had a mug among -us, and an iron spoon. As to provisions, there were in my boat two -bags of biscuit, one piece of raw beef, one piece of raw pork, a bag -of coffee, roasted but not ground (thrown in, I imagine, by mistake, -for something else), two small casks of water, and about half -a gallon of rum in a keg. The Surf-boat, having rather more rum -than we, and fewer to drink it, gave us, as I estimated, another -quart into our keg. In return, we gave them three double handfuls -of coffee, tied up in a piece of a handkerchief; they reported -that they had aboard besides, a bag of biscuit, a piece of beef, -a small cask of water, a small box of lemons, and a Dutch cheese. -It took a long time to make these exchanges, and they were not -made without risk to both parties; the sea running quite high -enough to make our approaching near to one another very hazardous. -In the bundle with the coffee, I conveyed to John Steadiman -(who had a ship’s compass with him), a paper written in pencil, -and torn from my pocket-book, containing the course I meant to -steer, in the hope of making land, or being picked up by some -vessel—I say in the hope, though I had little hope of either deliverance. -I then sang out to him, so as all might hear, that if we -two boats could live or die together, we would; but, that if we -should be parted by the weather, and join company no more, they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span> -should have our prayers and blessings, and we asked for theirs. -We then gave them three cheers, which they returned, and I saw -the men’s heads droop in both boats as they fell to their oars -again.</p> - -<p>These arrangements had occupied the general attention advantageously -for all, though (as I expressed in the last sentence) -they ended in a sorrowful feeling. I now said a few words to my -fellow-voyagers on the subject of the small stock of food on which -our lives depended if they were preserved from the great deep, -and on the rigid necessity of our eking it out in the most <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref422">frugal -manner</a>. One and all replied that whatever allowance I thought -best to lay down should be strictly kept to. We made a pair of -scales out of a thin scrap of iron-plating and some twine, and I -got together for weights such of the heaviest buttons among us as -I calculated made up some fraction over two ounces. This was -the allowance of solid food served out once a day to each, from -that time to the end; with the addition of a coffee-berry, or sometimes -half a one, when the weather was very fair, for breakfast. -We had nothing else whatever, but half a pint of water each per -day, and sometimes, when we were coldest and weakest, a teaspoonful -of rum each, served out as a dram. I know how learnedly -it can be shown that rum is poison, but I also know that in this -case, as in all similar cases I have ever read of—which are numerous—no -words can express the comfort and support derived from -it. Nor have I the least doubt that it saved the lives of far more -than half our number. Having mentioned half a pint of water -as our daily allowance, I ought to observe that sometimes we had -less, and sometimes we had more; for much rain fell, and we -caught it in a canvas stretched for the purpose.</p> - -<p>Thus, at that tempestuous time of the year, and in that tempestuous -part of the world, we shipwrecked people rose and fell -with the waves. It is not my intention to relate (if I can avoid -it) such <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref423">circumstances appertaining</a> to our doleful condition as -have been better told in many other narratives of the kind than I -can be expected to tell them. I will only note, in so many passing -words, that day after day and night after night, we received the -sea upon our backs to prevent it from swamping the boat; that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span> -one party was always kept bailing, and that every hat and cap -among us soon got worn out, though patched up fifty times, as the -only vessels we had for that service; that another party lay down -in the bottom of the boat, while a third rowed; and that we were -soon all in boils and blisters and rags.</p> - -<p>The other boat was a source of such anxious interest to all of -us that I used to wonder whether, if we were saved, the time could -ever come when the survivors in this boat of ours could be at all -indifferent to the fortunes of the survivors in that. We got out a -tow-rope whenever the weather permitted, but that did not often -happen, and how we two parties kept within the same horizon, as -we did, He, who mercifully permitted it to be so for our consolation, -only knows. I never shall forget the looks with which, when -the morning light came, we used to gaze about us over the stormy -waters, for the other boat. We once parted company for seventy-two -hours, and we believed them to have gone down, as they did -us. The joy on both sides when we came within view of one -another again, had something in a manner Divine in it; each was -so forgetful of individual suffering, in tears of delight and sympathy -for the people in the other boat.</p> - -<p>I have been wanting to get round to the individual or personal -part of my subject, as I call it, and the foregoing incident puts -me in the right way. The patience and good disposition aboard -of us, was wonderful. I was not surprised by it in the women; -for all men born of women know what great qualities they will -show when men fail; but, I own I was a little surprised by it in -some of the men. Among one-and-thirty people assembled at the -best of times, there will usually, I should say, be two or three -uncertain tempers. I knew that I had more than one rough temper -with me among my own people, for I had chosen those for the -Long-boat that I might have them under my eye. But, they softened -under their misery, and were as considerate of the ladies, and -as compassionate of the child, as the best among us, or among men—they -could not have been more so. I heard scarcely any complaining. -The party lying down would moan a good deal in their -sleep, and I would often notice a man—not always the same man, -it is to be understood, but clearly all of them at one time or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span> -other—sitting moaning at his oar, or in his place, as he looked mistily -over the sea. When it happened to be long before I could catch -his eye, he would go on moaning all the time in the dismalest manner; -but when our looks met, he would brighten and leave off. -I almost always got the impression that he did not know what -sound he had been making, but that he thought he had been -humming a tune.</p> - -<p>Our sufferings from cold and wet were far greater than our -sufferings from hunger. We managed to keep the child warm; -but, I doubt if any one else among us ever was warm for five -minutes together; and the shivering, and the chattering of teeth, -were sad to hear. The child cried a little at first for her lost playfellow, -the Golden Mary; but hardly ever whimpered afterwards; -and when the state of the weather made it possible, she used now -and then to be held up in the arms of some of us, to look over the -sea for John Steadiman’s boat. I see the golden hair and the -innocent face now, between me and the driving clouds, like an -angel going to fly away.</p> - -<p>It happened on the second day, toward night, that Mrs. Atherfield, -in getting little Lucy to sleep, sang her a song. She had a -soft, melodious voice, and when she had finished it, our people up -and begged for another. She sang them another, and after it had -fallen dark ended with the Evening Hymn. From that time, -whenever anything could be heard above the sea and wind, and -while she had any voice left, nothing would serve the people but -that she should sing at sunset. She always did, and always ended -with the Evening Hymn. We mostly took up the last line, and -shed tears when it was done, but not miserably. We had a prayer -night and morning, also, when the weather allowed of it.</p> - -<p>Twelve nights and eleven days we had been driving in the -boat, when old Mr. Rarx began to be delirious, and to cry out to -me to throw the gold overboard or it would sink us, and we should -all be lost. For days past the child had been declining, and that -was the great cause of his wildness. He had been over and -over again shrieking out to me to give her all the remaining meat, -to give her all the remaining rum, to save her at any cost, or we -should all be ruined. At this time, she lay in her mother’s arms<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span> -at my feet. One of her little hands was almost always creeping -about her mother’s neck or chin. I had watched the wasting of -the little hand, and I knew it was nearly over.</p> - -<p>The old man’s cries were so discordant with the mother’s love, -and submission, that I called out to him in an angry voice, unless -he held his peace on the instant, I would order him to be knocked -on the head and thrown overboard. He was mute then, until the -child died, very peacefully, an hour afterwards; which was known -to all in the boat by the mother’s breaking out into lamentations -for the first time since the wreck—for she had <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref424">great fortitude</a> and -constancy, though she was a little gentle woman. Old Mr. Rarx -then became quite ungovernable, tearing what rags he had on -him, <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref425">raging in imprecations</a>, and calling to me that if I had -thrown the gold overboard (always the gold with him!) I might -have saved the child. “And now,” says he, in a terrible voice, -“we shall founder, and all go to the Devil, for our sins will sink -us, when we have no innocent child to bear us up!” We soon discovered -with amazement, that this old wretch had only cared -for the life of the pretty little creature dear to all of us, because -of the influence he superstitiously hoped she might have in preserving -him! Altogether it was too much for the smith, or -armorer, who was sitting next the old man, to bear. He took -him by the throat and rolled him under the thwarts, where he -lay still enough for hours afterwards.</p> - -<p>All that thirteenth night, Miss Coleshaw, lying across my -knees as I kept the helm, comforted and supported the poor -mother. Her child, covered with a pea-jacket of mine, lay in her -lap. It troubled me all night to think that there was no Prayer-Book -among us, and that I could remember but very few of the -exact words of the burial service. When I stood up at broad day, -all knew what was going to be done, and I noticed that my poor -fellows made the motion of uncovering their heads, though their -heads had been stark bare to the sky and sea for many a weary -hour. There was a long heavy swell on, but otherwise it was a -fair morning, and there were broad fields of sunlight on the waves -in the east. I said no more than this: “I am the Resurrection -and the Life, saith the Lord. He raised the daughter of Jairus<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span> -the ruler, and said she was not dead but slept. He raised the -widow’s son. He arose Himself, and was seen of many. He -loved little children, saying, ‘Suffer them to come unto Me and -rebuke them not, for of such is the kingdom of heaven.’ In His -name, my friends, and committed to His merciful goodness!” -With those words I laid my rough face softly on the placid little -forehead, and buried the Golden Lucy in the grave of the Golden -Mary.</p> - -<p>Having had it on my mind to relate the end of this dear little -child, I have omitted something from its exact place, which I will -supply here. It will come quite as well here as anywhere else.</p> - -<p>Foreseeing that if the boat lived through the stormy weather, -the time must come, and soon come, when we should have absolutely -no morsel to eat, I had one momentous point often in my -thoughts. Although I had, years before that, fully satisfied -myself that the instances in which human beings in the last distress -have fed upon each other, are exceedingly few, and have -very seldom indeed (if ever) occurred when the people in distress, -however dreadful their extremity, have been accustomed to moderate -forbearance and restraint; I say, though I had long before -quite satisfied my mind on this topic, I felt doubtful whether -there might not have been in former cases some harm and danger -from keeping it out of sight and pretending not to think of it. I -felt doubtful whether some minds, growing weak with fasting and -exposure and having such a terrific idea to dwell upon in secret, -might not magnify it until it got to have an awful attraction -about it. This was not a new thought of mine, for it had grown -out of my reading. However, it came over me stronger than it -had ever done before—as it had reason for doing—in the boat, -and on the fourth day I decided that I would bring out into the -light that unformed fear which must have been more or less -darkly in every brain among us. Therefore, as a means of beguiling -the time and inspiring hope, I gave them the best summary -in my power of Bligh’s voyage of more than three thousand -miles, in an open boat, after the Mutiny of the Bounty, and of -the wonderful preservation of that boat’s crew. They listened -throughout with great interest, and I concluded by telling them<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span> -that, in my opinion, the happiest circumstance in the whole narrative -was that Bligh, who was no delicate man, either, had -solemnly placed it on record therein that he was sure and certain -that under no conceivable circumstances whatever would that -emaciated party, who had gone through all the pains of famine, -have preyed on one another. I cannot describe the visible relief -which this spread through the boat, and how the tears stood in -every eye. From that time I was as well convinced as Bligh -himself that there was no danger, and that this phantom, at any -rate, did not haunt us.</p> - -<p>Now, it was a part of Bligh’s experience that when the people -in his boat were most cast down, nothing did them so much good -as hearing a story told by one of their number. When I mentioned -that, I saw that it struck the general attention as much -as it did my own, for I had not thought of it until I came to it -in my summary. This was on the day after Mrs. Atherfield first -sang to us. I proposed that, whenever the weather would permit, -we should have a story two hours after dinner (I always issued -the allowance I have mentioned at one o’clock, and called it by -that name), as well as our song at sunset. The proposal was -received with a cheerful satisfaction that warmed my heart within -me; and I do not say too much when I say that those two periods -in the four-and-twenty hours were expected with positive pleasure, -and were really enjoyed by all hands. Specters as we soon -were, in our bodily wasting, our imaginations did not perish like -the gross flesh upon our bones. Music and Adventure, two of -the great gifts of Providence to mankind, could charm us long -after that was lost.</p> - -<p>The wind was almost always against us after the second day; -and for many days together we could not nearly hold our own. -We had all varieties of bad weather. We had rain, hail, snow, -wind, mist, thunder, and lightning. Still the boats lived through -the heavy seas, and still we perishing people rose and fell with -the great waves.</p> - -<p>Sixteen nights and fifteen days, twenty nights and nineteen -days, twenty-four nights and twenty-three days. So the time -went on. Disheartening as I knew that our progress, or want<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span> -of progress, must be, I never deceived them as to my calculations -of it. In the first place, I felt that we were all too near eternity -for deceit; in the second place, I knew that if I failed, or died, -the man who followed me must have a knowledge of the true state -of things to begin upon. When I told them at noon, what I -reckoned we had made or lost, they generally received what I -said in a tranquil and resigned manner, and always gratefully -toward me. It was not unusual at any time of the day for some -one to burst out weeping loudly without any new cause; and, -when the burst was over, to calm down a little better than before. -I had seen exactly the same thing in a house of mourning.</p> - -<p>During the whole of this time, old Mr. Rarx had had his fits -of calling out to me to throw the gold (always the gold!) overboard, -and of heaping violent reproaches upon me for not having -saved the child; but now, the food being all gone, and I having -nothing left to serve out but a bit of coffee-berry now and then, -he began to be too weak to do this, and consequently fell silent. -Mrs. Atherfield and Miss Coleshaw generally lay, each with an -arm across one of my knees and her head upon it. They never -complained at all. Up to the time of her child’s death, Mrs. -Atherfield had bound up her own beautiful hair every day; and I -took particular notice that this was always before she sang her -song at night, when every one looked at her. But she never did -it after the loss of her darling; and it would have been now all -tangled with dirt and wet, but that Miss Coleshaw was careful -of it long after she was, herself, and would sometimes smooth it -down with her weak thin hands.</p> - -<p>We were <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref426">past mustering</a> a story now; but one day, at about -this period, I reverted to the superstition of old Mr. Rarx, concerning -the Golden Lucy, and told them that nothing vanished -from the eye of God, though much might pass away from the -eyes of men. “We were all of us,” says I, “children once; and -our baby feet have strolled in green woods ashore; and our baby -hands have gathered flowers in gardens, where the birds were -singing. The children that we were, are not lost to the great -knowledge of our Creator. Those innocent creatures will appear -with us before Him, and plead for us. What we were in the best<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span> -time of our generous youth will arise and go with us too. The -purest part of our lives will not desert us at the pass to which all -of us here present are gliding. What we were then, will be as -much in existence before Him, as what we are now.” They were -no less comforted by this consideration, than I was myself; and -Miss Coleshaw, drawing my ear nearer to her lips, said, “Captain -Ravender, I was on my way to marry a disgraced and broken -man, whom I dearly loved when he was honorable and good. -Your words seem to have come out of my own poor heart.” She -pressed my hand upon it, smiling.</p> - -<p>Twenty-seven nights and twenty-six days. We were in no want -of rain-water, but we had nothing else. And yet, even now, I -never turned my eyes on a waking face but it tried to brighten -before mine. O what a thing it is, in a time of danger and in -the presence of death, the shining of a face upon a face! I have -heard it broached that orders should be given in great new ships -by electric telegraph. I admire machinery as much as any man, -and am as thankful to it as any man can be for what it does for -us. But it will never be a substitute for the face of a man, with -his soul in it, encouraging another man to be brave and true. -Never try it for that. It will break down like a straw.</p> - -<p>I now began to remark certain changes in myself which I did -not like. They caused me much disquiet. I often saw the -Golden Lucy in the air above the boat. I often saw her I have -spoken of before, sitting beside me. I saw the Golden Mary go -down, as she really had gone down, twenty times in a day. And -yet the sea was mostly, to my thinking, not sea neither, but -moving country and extraordinary mountainous regions, the like -of which have never been beheld. I felt it time to leave my last -words regarding John Steadiman, in case any lips should last out -to repeat them to any living ears. I said that John had told me -(as he had on deck) that he had sung out “Breakers ahead!” the -instant they were audible, and had tried <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref427">to wear ship</a>, but she -struck before it could be done. (His cry, I dare say, had made -my dream.) I said that the circumstances were altogether without -warning, and out of any course that could have been guarded -against; that the same loss would have happened if I had been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span> -in charge; and that John was not to blame, but from first to last -had done his duty nobly, like the man he was. I tried to write -it down in my pocket-book, but could make no words, though I -knew what the words were that I wanted to make. When it had -come to that, her hands—though she was dead so long—laid me -down gently in the bottom of the boat, and she and the Golden -Lucy swung me to sleep.</p> - -<h6>THE TALE OF THE CHIEF MATE</h6> - -<p><i>All that follows was written by John Steadiman, Chief Mate:</i></p> - -<p>On the twenty-sixth day after the foundering of the Golden -Mary at sea, I, John Steadiman, was sitting in my place in the -stern-sheets of the Surf-boat, with just sense enough left in me -to steer—that is to say, with my eyes strained, wide-awake, over -the bows of the boat, and my brains fast asleep and dreaming—when -I was roused upon a sudden by our second mate, Mr. -William Rames.</p> - -<p>“Let me take a spell in your place,” says he. “And look you -out for the Long-boat astern. The last time she rose on the crest -of a wave, I thought I made out a signal flying aboard her.”</p> - -<p>We shifted our places, clumsily and slowly enough, for we -were both of us weak and dazed with wet, cold, and hunger. I -waited some time, watching the heavy rollers astern, before the -Long-boat rose atop of one of them at the same time with us. At -last, she was heaved up for a moment well in view, and there, -sure enough, was the signal flying aboard of her—a strip of rag -of some sort, rigged to an oar, and hoisted in her bows.</p> - -<p>“What does it mean?” says Rames to me in a quavering, -trembling sort of voice. “Do they signal a sail in sight?”</p> - -<p>“Hush, for God’s sake!” says I, clapping my hand over his -mouth. “Don’t let the people hear you. They’ll all go mad -together if we mislead them about that signal. Wait a bit, till I -have another look at it.”</p> - -<p>I held on by him, for he had set me all of a tremble with his -notion of a sail in sight, and watched for the Long-boat again. -Up she rose on the top of another roller. I made out the signal -clearly, that second time, and saw that it was rigged half-mast.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Rames,” says I, “it’s a signal of distress. Pass the word -forward to keep her before the sea, and no more. We must get -the Long-boat within hailing distance of us, as soon as possible.”</p> - -<p>I dropped down into my old place at the tiller without another -word—for the thought went through me like a knife that something -had happened to Captain Ravender. I should consider -myself unworthy to write another line of this statement, if I had -not made up my mind to speak the truth, the whole truth, and -nothing but the truth—and I must, therefore, confess plainly that -now, for the first time, my heart sank within me. This weakness -on my part was produced in some degree, as I take it, by the -<a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref428">exhausting effects</a> of previous anxiety and grief.</p> - -<p>Our provisions—if I may give that name to what we had left—were -reduced to the rind of one lemon and about a couple of -handfuls of coffee-berries. Besides these great distresses, caused -by the death, the danger, and the suffering among my crew and -passengers, I had had a little distress of my own to shake me still -more, in the death of the child whom I had got to be very fond -of on the voyage out—so fond that I was secretly a little jealous -of her being taken in the Long-boat instead of mine when the -ship foundered. It used to be a great comfort to me, and I think -to those with me also, after we had seen the last of the Golden -Mary, to see the Golden Lucy, held up by the men in the Long-boat, -when the weather allowed it, as the best and brightest sight -they had to show. She looked, at the distance we saw her from, -almost like a little white bird in the air. To miss her for the -first time, when the weather lulled a little again, and we all looked -out for our white bird and looked in vain, was a sore disappointment. -To see the men’s heads bowed down and the captain’s -hand pointing into the sea when we hailed the Long-boat, a few -days after, gave me as heavy a shock and as sharp a pang of -heartache to bear as ever I remember suffering in all my life. I -only mention these things to show that if I did give way a little -at first, under the dread that our captain was lost to us, it was -not without having been a good deal shaken beforehand by more -trials of one sort or another than often fall to one man’s share.</p> - -<p>I had got over the choking in my throat with the help of a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span> -drop of water, and had steadied my mind again so as to be prepared -against the worst, when I heard the hail (Lord help the poor -fellows, how weak it sounded!)—</p> - -<p>“Surf-boat, ahoy!”</p> - -<p>I looked up, and there were our companions in misfortune -<a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref429">tossing abreast</a> of us; not so near that we could make out the -features of any of them, but near enough, with some exertion for -people in our condition, to make their voices heard in the intervals -when the wind was weakest.</p> - -<p>I answered the hail, and waited a bit, and heard nothing, and -then sang out the captain’s name. The voice that replied did not -sound like his; the words that reached us were:</p> - -<p>“Chief mate wanted on board!”</p> - -<p>Every man of my crew knew what that meant as well as I -did. As second officer in command, there could be but one reason -for wanting me on board the Long-boat. A groan went all round -us, and my men looked darkly in each other’s faces, and whispered -under their breaths:</p> - -<p>“The captain is dead!”</p> - -<p>I commanded them to be silent, and not to make too sure of -bad news, at such a pass as things had now come to with us. -Then, hailing the Long-boat, I signified that I was ready to go -on board when the weather would let me—stopped a bit to draw -a good long breath—and then called out as loud as I could the -dreadful question:</p> - -<p>“Is the captain dead?”</p> - -<p>The black figures of three or four men in the after-part of the -Long-boat all stooped down together as my voice reached them. -They were lost to view for about a minute; then appeared again—one -man among them was held up on his feet by the rest, and -he hailed back the blessed words (a very faint hope went a very -long way with people in our desperate situation): “Not yet!”</p> - -<p>The relief felt by me, and by all with me, when we knew that -our captain, though unfitted for duty, was not lost to us, it is not -in words—at least, not in such words as a man like me can command—to -express. I did my best to cheer the men by telling -them what a good sign it was that we were not as badly off yet as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span> -we had feared, and then communicated what instructions I had -to give, to William Rames, who was to be left in command in my -place when I took charge of the Long-boat. After that, there was -nothing to be done, but to wait for the chance of the wind dropping -at sunset, and the sea going down afterwards, so as to enable -our weak crews to lay the two boats alongside of each other, -without undue risk—or, to put it plainer, without saddling ourselves -with the necessity for any extraordinary exertion of -strength or skill. Both the one and the other had now been -starved out of us for days and days together.</p> - -<p>At sunset the wind suddenly dropped, but the sea, which had -been running high for so long a time past, took hours after that -before it showed any signs of getting to rest. The moon was -shining, the sky was wonderfully clear, and it could not have -been, according to my calculations, far off midnight, when the -long, slow, regular swell of the calming ocean fairly set in, and -I took the responsibility of lessening the distance between the -Long-boat and ourselves.</p> - -<p>It was, I dare say, a delusion of mine; but I thought I had -never seen the moon shine so white and ghastly anywhere, either -at sea or on land, as she shone that night while we were approaching -our companions in misery. When there was not much more -than a boat’s length between us, and the white light streamed -cold and clear over all our faces, both crews rested on their oars -with one great shudder, and stared over the gunwale of either -boat, panic-stricken at the first sight of each other.</p> - -<p>“Any lives lost among you?” I asked, in the midst of that -frightful silence.</p> - -<p>The men in the Long-boat huddled together like sheep at the -sound of my voice.</p> - -<p>“None yet, but the child, thanks be to God!” answered one -among them.</p> - -<p>And at the sound of his voice, all my men shrank together -like the men in the Long-boat. I was afraid to let the horror -produced by our first meeting at close quarters after the dreadful -changes that wet, cold, and famine had produced, last one moment -longer than could be helped; so, without giving time for any more<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span> -questions and answers, I commanded the men to lay the two boats -close alongside of each other. When I rose up and committed -the tiller to the hands of Rames, all my poor fellows raised their -white faces imploringly to mine. “Don’t leave us, sir,” they said, -“don’t leave us.” “I leave you,” says I, “under the command -and the guidance of Mr. William Rames, as good a sailor as I am, -and as trusty and kind a man as ever stepped. Do your duty by -him, as you have done it by me; and remember to the last, that -while there is life there is hope. God bless and help you all!”</p> - -<p>With those words I collected what strength I had left, and caught -at two arms that were held out to me, and so got from the stern-sheets -of one boat into the stern-sheets of the other.</p> - -<p>“Mind where you step, sir,” whispered one of the men who had -helped me into the Long-boat. I looked down as he spoke. Three -figures were huddled up below me, with the moonshine falling on -them in ragged streaks through the gaps between the men standing -or sitting above them. The first face I made out was the -face of Miss Coleshaw; her eyes were wide open and fixed on me. -She seemed still to keep her senses, and, by the alternate parting -and closing of her lips, to be trying to speak, but I could not -hear that she uttered a single word. On her shoulder rested the -head of Mrs. Atherfield. The mother of our poor little Golden -Lucy must, I think, have been dreaming of the child she had lost; -for there was a faint smile just ruffling the white stillness of her -face, when I first saw it turned upward, with peaceful closed eyes -toward the heavens. From her, I looked down a little, and there, -with his head on her lap, and with one of her hands resting tenderly -on his cheek—there lay the captain, to whose help and -guidance, up to this miserable time, we had never looked in vain,—there, -worn out at last in our service, and for our sakes, lay the -best and bravest man of all our company. I stole my hand in -gently through his clothes and laid it on his heart, and felt a little -feeble warmth over it, though my cold dulled touch could not -detect even the faintest beating. The two men in the stern-sheets -with me, noticing what I was doing—knowing I loved him like a -brother—and seeing, I suppose, more distress in my face than I -myself was conscious of its showing, lost command over themselves<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span> -altogether, and burst into a piteous moaning, <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref430">sobbing lamentation</a> -over him. One of the two drew aside a jacket from his feet, -and showed me that they were bare, except where a wet, ragged -strip of stocking still clung to one of them. When the ship struck -the Iceberg, he had run on deck leaving his shoes in his cabin. -All through the voyage in the boat his feet had been unprotected; -and not a soul had discovered it until he dropped! As long as -he could keep his eyes open, the very look of them had cheered -the men, and comforted and upheld the women. Not one living -creature in the boat, with any sense about him, but had felt the -good influence of that brave man in one way or another. Not one -but had heard him, over and over again, give the credit to others -which was due only to himself; praising this man for patience, -and thanking that man for help, when the patience and the help -had really and truly, as to the best part or both, come only from -him. All this, and much more, I heard pouring confusedly from -the men’s lips while they crouched down, sobbing and crying over -their commander, and wrapping the jacket as warmly and tenderly -as they could over his cold feet. It went to my heart to -check them; but I knew that if this lamenting spirit spread any -further, all chance of keeping alight any last sparks of hope and -resolution among the boat’s company would be lost for ever. -Accordingly I sent them to their places, spoke a few encouraging -words to the men forward, promising to serve out, when the -morning came, as much as I dared, of any eatable thing left in -the lockers; called to Rames, in my old boat, to keep as near us -as he safely could; drew the garments and coverings of the two -poor suffering women more closely about them; and, with a secret -prayer to be directed for the best in bearing the awful responsibility -now laid on my shoulders, took my captain’s vacant place -at the helm of the Long-boat.</p> - -<p>This, as well as I can tell it, is the full and true account of -how I came to be placed in charge of the lost passengers and -crew of the Golden Mary, on the morning of the twenty-seventh -day after the ship struck the Iceberg, and foundered at sea.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span></p> - -<h5><span class="smcap">Chapter II—The Rescue</span></h5> - -<h6>THE END OF THE FOOD SUPPLY</h6> - -<p>When the sun rose on the twenty-seventh day of our calamity, -the first question that I secretly asked myself was, “How many -more mornings will the stoutest of us live to see”? I had kept -count, ever since we took to the boats, of the days of the week; -and I knew that we had now arrived at another Thursday. Judging -by my own sensations (and I believe I had as much strength -left as the best man among us), I came to the conclusion that, -unless the mercy of Providence interposed to effect our deliverance, -not one of our company could hope to see another morning -after the morning of Sunday.</p> - -<p>Two discoveries that I made—after redeeming my promise -overnight, to serve out with the morning whatever eatable thing -I could find—helped to confirm me in my gloomy view of our -future prospects. In the first place, when the few coffee-berries -left, together with a small allowance of water, had been shared -all round, I found on examining the lockers that not one grain of -provision remained, fore or aft, in any part of the boat, and that -our stock of fresh water was reduced to not much more than -would fill a wine-bottle. In the second place, after the berries -had been shared, and the water equally divided, I noticed that -the sustenance thus administered produced no effect whatever, -even of the most momentary kind, in raising the spirits of the -passengers (excepting in one case) or in rallying the strength of -the crew. The exception was Mr. Rarx. This tough and greedy -old sinner seemed to wake up from the trance he had lain in so -long, when the smell of the berries and water was under his nose. -He swallowed his share with a gulp that many a younger and -better man in the boat might have envied; and <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref431">went maundering</a> -on to himself afterwards, as if he had got a new lease of life. He -fancied now that he was digging a gold-mine, all by himself, and -going down bodily straight through the earth at the rate of thirty<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span> -or forty miles an hour. “Leave me alone,” says he, “leave me -alone. The lower I go, the richer I get. Down I go!—down, -down, down, down, till I burst out at the other end of the world -in a shower of gold!” So he went on, kicking feebly with his -heels from time to time against the bottom of the boat.</p> - -<p>But, as for all the rest, it was a pitiful and dreadful sight to -see of how little use their last shadow of a meal was to them. I -myself attended, before anybody else was served, to the two poor -women. Miss Coleshaw shook her head faintly, and pointed to -her throat, when I offered her the few berries that fell to her -share. I made a shift to crush them up fine and mix them with -a little water, and got her to swallow that miserable drop of drink -with the greatest difficulty. When it was down there came no -change for the better over her face. Nor did she recover, for so -much as a moment, the capacity to speak, even in a whisper. I -next tried Mrs. Atherfield. It was hard to wake her out of the -half-swooning, half-sleeping condition in which she lay—and -harder still to get her to open her lips when I put the tin-cup to -them. When I had at last prevailed on her to swallow her allowance, -she shut her eyes again, and fell back into her old position. -I saw her lips moving; and, putting my ear close to them, caught -some of the words she was murmuring to herself. She was still -dreaming of the Golden Lucy. She and the child were walking -somewhere by the banks of a lake, at the time the buttercups are -out. The Golden Lucy was gathering the buttercups, and making -herself a watch-chain out of them, in imitation of the chain that -her mother wore. They were carrying a little basket with them, -and were going to dine together in a great hollow tree growing -on the banks of the lake. To get this pretty picture painted on -one’s mind as I got it, while listening to the poor mother’s broken -words, and then to look up at the haggard faces of the men in the -boat, and at the wild ocean rolling all round us, was such a change -from fancy to reality as it has fallen, I hope, to few men’s lots to -experience.</p> - -<p>My next thought, when I had done my best for the women, -was for the captain. I was free to risk losing my own share of -water, if I pleased, so I tried, before tasting it myself, to get a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span> -little between his lips; but his teeth were fast clenched, and I had -neither strength nor skill to open them. The faint warmth still -remained, thank God, over his heart—but, in all other respects he -lay beneath us like a dead man. In covering him up again as -comfortably as I could, I found a bit of paper crunched in one of -his hands, and took it out. There was some writing on it, but not -a word was readable. I suppose, poor fellow, that he had been -trying to write some last instructions for me, just before he -dropped at his post. If they had been ever so easy to read, they -would have been of no use now. To follow instructions we must -have had some power to shape the boat’s course in a given direction—and -this, which we had been gradually losing for some days -past, we had now lost altogether.</p> - -<p>I had hoped that the serving out of the refreshment would -have put a little modicum of strength into the arms of the men -at the oars; but, as I have hinted, this hope turned out to be perfectly -fruitless. Our last mockery of a meal, which had done -nothing for the passengers, did nothing either for the crew—except -to aggravate the pangs of hunger in the men who were still -strong enough to feel them. While the weather held moderate, it -was not of much consequence if one or two of the rowers kept -dropping, in turn, into a kind of faint sleep over their oars. But -if it came on to blow again (and we could expect nothing else in -those seas and at that time of the year), how was I to steer, when -the blades of the oars were out of the water ten times as often -as they were in? The lives which we had undergone such suffering -to preserve would have been lost in an instant by the -swamping of the boat, if the wind had risen on the morning of -Thursday, and had caught us trying to row any longer.</p> - -<p>Feeling this, I resolved, while the weather held moderately -fine, to hoist the best substitute for a sail that we could produce, -and to drive before the wind, on the chance (the last we had hope -for) of a ship picking us up. We had only continued to use the -oars up to this time in order to keep the course which the captain -had pointed out as likeliest to bring us near the land. Sailing -had been out of the question from the first, the masts and suits -of sails belonging to each boat having been out of them at the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span> -time of the wreck, and having gone down with the ship. This -was an accident which there was no need to deplore, for we were -too crowded from the first to admit of handling the boats properly, -under their regular press of sail, in anything like rough -weather.</p> - -<p>Having made up my mind on what it was necessary to do I -addressed the men, and told them that any notion of holding -longer on our course with the oars was manifestly out of the -question, and dangerous to all on board, as their own common -sense might tell them, in the state to which the stoutest arms -among us were now reduced. They looked round on each other -as I said that, each man seeming to think his neighbor weaker -than himself. I went on, and told them that we must take advantage -of our present glimpse of moderate weather, and hoist -the best sail we could set up, and drive before the wind, in the -hope that it might please God to direct us in the way of some -ship before it was too late. “Our only chance, my men,” I said, -in conclusion, “is the chance of being picked up; and in these -<a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref432">desolate seas</a> one point of the compass is just as likely a point for -our necessities as another. Half of you keep the boat before the -sea, the other half bring out your knives, and do as I tell you.” -The prospect of being relieved from the oars struck the wandering -attention of the men directly; and they said, “Ay, ay, sir!” -with something like a faint reflection of their former readiness, -when the good ship was under their feet, and the mess-cans were -filled with plenty of wholesome food.</p> - -<p>Thanks to Captain Ravender’s forethought in providing both -boats with a coil of rope, we had our lashings, and the means of -making what rigging was wanted, ready to hand. One of the -oars was made fast to the thwart, and well stayed fore and aft, -for a mast. A large pilot-coat that I wore was spread; enough of -sail for us. The only difficulty that puzzled me was occasioned -by the necessity of making a yard. The men tried to tear up one -of the thwarts, but were not strong enough. My own knife had -been broken in the attempt to split a bit of plank for them; and -I was almost at my wit’s end, when I luckily thought of searching -the captain’s pockets for his knife. I found it—a fine large<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span> -knife of Sheffield manufacture, with plenty of blades, and a small -saw among them. With this we made a shift to saw off about -a third of another oar; and then the difficulty was conquered; and -we got my pilot-coat hoisted on our jury-mast, and rigged it as -nigh as we could to the fashion of a lug-sail.</p> - -<p>I had looked anxiously toward the Surf-boat, while we were -rigging our mast, and observed, with a feeling of great relief, -that the men in her—as soon as they discovered what we were -about—were wise enough to follow our example. They got on -faster than we did; being less put to it for room to turn round in. -We set our sails as nearly as possible about the same time; and -it was well for both boats that we finished our work when we did. -At noon the wind began to rise again to a stiff breeze, which soon -knocked up a heavy, tumbling sea. We drove before it in a -direction North by East, keeping wonderfully dry, considering -all things. The mast stood well; and the sail, small as it was, -did good service in steadying the boat and lifting her easily over -the seas. I felt the cold after the loss of my coat, but not so -badly as I had feared; for the two men who were with me in the -stern-sheets, sat as close as they could on either side of me, and -helped with the warmth of their own bodies to keep the warmth -in mine. Forward, I told off half a dozen of the most trustworthy -of the men who could still muster strength enough to -keep their eyes open, to set a watch, turn and turn about, on our -frail rigging. The wind was steadily increasing; and if any accident -happened to our mast the chances were that the boat would -broach-to, and that every one of us would go to the bottom.</p> - -<p>So we drove on—all through that day—sometimes catching -sight of the Surf-boat a little ahead of us—sometimes losing her -altogether in the scud. How little and frail, how very different -to the kind of boat that I had expected to see, she looked to my -eyes now that I was out of her, and saw what she showed like -on the waters for the first time! But to return to the Long-boat. -The watch on the rigging was relieved every two hours, and at -the same regular periods all the brightest eyes left amongst us -looked out for the smallest vestige of a sail in view, and looked -in vain. Among the passengers, nothing happened in the way<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span> -of a change—except that Miss Coleshaw seemed to grow fainter, -and that Mrs. Atherfield got restless, as if she were waking out -of her long dream about the Golden Lucy.</p> - -<p>It got on toward sunset. The wind was rising to half a gale. -The clouds, which had been heavy all over the firmament since -noon, were lifting to the westward, and leaving there, over the -horizon line of the ocean, a long strip of clear, pale, greenish sky, -overhung by a cloud-bank, whose ragged edges were tipped with -burning crimson by the sun. I did not like the look of the night, -and, keeping where I was, in the forward part of the boat, I -helped the men to ease the strain off our mast, by lowering the -yard a little and taking a pull on the sheet, so as to present to -the wind a smaller surface even of our small sail. Noting the -wild look of the weather, and the precautions we were taking -against the chance of a gale rising in the night—and being, furthermore, -as I believe, staggered in their minds by the death -that had taken place among them—three of the passengers struggled -up in the bottom of the boat, clasped their arms around me -as if they were drowning men already, and hoarsely clamored for -a last drink of water, before the storm rose and sent us all to the -bottom.</p> - -<p>“Water you shall have,” I said, “when I think the time has -come to serve it out. The time has not come yet.”</p> - -<p>“Water, pray!” they all three groaned together. Two more -passengers who were asleep, woke up, and joined the cry.</p> - -<p>“Silence!” I said. “There are not two spoonfuls of fresh -water left for each man in the boat. I shall wait three hours more -for the chance of rain before I serve that out. Silence, and drop -back to your places!”</p> - -<h6>A SAIL IN SIGHT</h6> - -<p>They let go of me, but clamored weakly for water still; and, -this time, the voices of some of the crew joined them. At this -moment, to my great alarm (for I thought they were going mad -and turning violent against me), I was seized round the neck by -one of the men, who had been standing up, holding on by the -mast, and looking out steadily to the westward.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span></p> - -<p>I raised my right hand to free myself; but before I touched -him, the sight of the man’s face close to mine made me drop my -arm again. There was a speechless, breathless, frantic joy in it, -that made all the blood in my veins stand still in a moment.</p> - -<p>“Out with it!” I said. “Man alive, out with it, for God’s -sake!”</p> - -<p>His breath beat on my cheek in hot, quick, heavy gasps; but -he could not utter a word. For a moment he let go of the mast -(tightening his hold on me with the other arm) and pointed -out westward—then slid heavily down on to the thwart behind -us.</p> - -<p>I looked westward, and saw that one of the two trustworthy -men whom I had left at the helm was on his feet looking out westward, -too. As the boat rose, I fixed my eyes on the strip of clear -greenish sky in the west, and on the bright line of the sea just -under it. The boat dipped again before I could see anything. I -squeezed my eyelids together to get the water out of them, and -when we rose again looked straight into the middle of the bright -sea-line. My heart bounded as if it would choke me—my tongue -felt like a cinder in my mouth—my knees gave way under me—I -dropped down on to the thwart, and sobbed out, with a great -effort, as if I had been dumb for weeks before, and had only that -instant found my speech:</p> - -<p>“A sail! a sail!”</p> - -<p>The words were <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref433">instantly echoed</a> by the man in the stern-sheets.</p> - -<p>“Sail, ho!” he screeches out, turning round on me and swinging -his arms about his head like a madman.</p> - -<p>This made three of our company who had seen the ship -already, and that one fact was sufficient to remove all dread lest -our eyes might have been deceiving us. The great fear now was, -not that we were deluded, but that we might come to some serious -harm through the excess of joy among the people; that is to say, -among such of the people as still had the sense to feel and the -strength to express what they felt. I must record in my own -justification, after confessing that I lost command over myself -altogether on the discovery of the sail, that I was the first who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span> -set the example of self-control. I was in a manner forced to this -by the crew frantically <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref434">entreating me to lay-to</a> until we could -make out what course the ship was steering—a proceeding which, -with the sea then running, with the heavy lading of the boat, -and with such feeble substitutes for mast and sail as we possessed, -must have been attended with total destruction to us all. I tried -to remind the men of this, but they were in such a transport—hugging -each other round the neck, and crying and laughing all -in a breath—that they were not fit to listen to reason. Accordingly, -I myself went to the helm again, and chose the steadiest -of my two men in the after-part of the boat, as a guard over the -sheet, with instructions to use force, if necessary, toward any one -who stretched out so much as a finger to it. The wind was rising -every minute, and we had nothing for it but to scud, and be -thankful to God’s mercy that we had sea-room to do it in.</p> - -<p>“It will be dark in an hour’s time, sir,” says the man left along -with me when I took the helm again. “We have no light to show. -The ship will pass us in the night. Lay-to, sir! For the love of -Heaven, give us all a chance, and lay-to!” says he, and goes down -on his knees before me, wringing his hands.</p> - -<p>“Lay-to!” says I. “Lay-to, under a coat! Lay-to, in a boat -like this, with the wind getting up a gale! A seaman like you -talk in that way! Who have I got along here with me? Sailors -who know their craft, or a pack of ’longshore lubbers, who ought -to be turned adrift in a ferry-boat on a pond?” My heart was -heavy enough, God knows, but I spoke out as loud as I could, in -that light way, to try and shame the men back to their proper -senses. I succeeded at least in restoring silence; and that was -something in such a condition as ours.</p> - -<p>My next anxiety was to know if the men in the Surf-boat had -sighted the sail to the westward. She was still driving ahead of -us, and the first time I saw her rise on the waves, I made out a -signal on board—a strip of cloth fastened to a boat-hook. I -ordered the man by my side to return it with his jacket tied on -to the end of the oar; being anxious to see whether his agitation -had calmed down and left him fit for his duty again. He followed -my direction steadily and when he got his jacket on again,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span> -asked me to pardon him for losing his self-command, in a quiet, -altered voice.</p> - -<p>I shook hands with him, and gave him the helm, in proof that -my confidence was restored; then stood up and turned my face -to the westward once again. I looked long into the belt of clear -sky, which was narrowing already as the cloud-bank above sank -over it. I looked with all my heart and soul and strength. It -was only when my eyes could stand the strain on them no longer, -that I gave in, and sat down again by the tiller. If I had not -been supported by a firm trust in the mercy of Providence, which -had preserved us thus far, I am afraid I should have abandoned -myself at that trying time to downright hopeless, speechless -despair.</p> - -<p>It would not express much to any but seafaring readers if I -mentioned the number of leagues off that I considered the ship to -be. I shall give a better idea of the terrible distance there was -between us, when I say that no landsman’s eye could have made -her out at all, and that none of us sailors could have seen her but -for the bright opening in the sky, which made even a speck on the -waters visible to a mariner’s experienced sight all that weary -way off. When I have said this, I have said enough to render it -plain to every man’s understanding that it was a sheer impossibility -to make out what course the ship was steering, seeing that -we had no chance of keeping her in view at that closing time of -day for more than another half-hour, at most. There she was, -astern to leeward of us; and here were we, driving for our lives -before the wind, with any means of kindling a light that we might -have possessed on leaving our ship, wetted through long ago—with -no guns to fire as signals of distress in the darkness—and -with no choice, if the wind shifted, but still to scud in any direction -in which it might please to drive us. Supposing, even at the -best, that the ship was steering on our course, and would overhaul -us in the night, what chance had we of making our position known -to her in the darkness? Truly, look at it anyhow we might from -our poor mortal point of view, our prospect of deliverance seemed -to be of the most utterly hopeless kind that it is possible to -conceive.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span></p> - -<p>The men felt this bitterly, as the cloud-bank dropped to the -verge of the waters, and the sun set redly behind it. The moaning -and lamenting among them was miserable to hear, when the -last speck and phantom of the ship had vanished from view. -Some few still swore they saw her when there was hardly a flicker -of light left in the west, and only gave up looking out, and -dropped down in the boat, at my express orders. I charged them -all solemnly to set an example of courage to the passengers, and -to trust the rest to the infinite wisdom and mercy of the Creator -of us all. Some murmured, some fell to repeating scraps out of -the Bible and Prayer-Book, some wandered again in their minds. -This went on till the darkness gathered—then a great hush of -silence fell drearily over passengers and crew; and the waves and -the wind hissed and howled about us, as if we were tossing in the -midst of them, a boat-load of corpses already!</p> - -<p>Twice in the fore-part of the night the clouds overhead parted -for a little, and let the blessed moonlight down upon us. On the -first of those occasions, I myself served out the last drops of fresh -water we had left. The two women—poor suffering creatures!—were -past drinking. Miss Coleshaw shivered a little when I -moistened her lips with the water; and Mrs. Atherfield, when I -did the same for her, drew her breath with a faint, fluttering sigh, -which was just enough to show that she was not dead yet. The -captain still lay as he had lain ever since I got on board the boat. -The others, both passengers and crew, managed for the most part -to swallow their share of the water—the men being just sufficiently -roused by it to get up on their knees, while the moonlight -lasted, and look about wildly over the ocean for a chance of seeing -the ship again. When the clouds gathered once more, they -crouched back in their places with a long groan of despair. Hearing -that, and dreading the effect of the pitchy darkness (to say -nothing of the fierce wind and sea) on their sinking spirits, I -resolved to <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref435">combat their despondency</a>, if it were still possible to -contend against it, by giving them something to do. First telling -them that no man could say at what time of the night the ship -(in case she was steering our course) might forge ahead of us, or -how near she might be when she passed, I recommended that all<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span> -who had the strength should join their voices at regular intervals, -and shout their loudest when the boat rose highest on the waves, -on the chance of that cry of distress being borne by the wind -within hearing of the watch on board the ship. It is unnecessary -to say that I knew well how near it was to an absolute impossibility -that this last feeble exertion on our parts could lead to any -result. I only proposed it because I was driven to the end of my -resources to keep up the faintest flicker of spirit among the men. -They received my proposal with more warmth and readiness than -I had ventured, in their hopeless state, to expect from them. Up -to the turn of midnight they resolutely raised their voices with -me, at intervals of from five to ten minutes, whenever the boat -was tossed highest on the waves. The wind seemed to whirl our -weak cries savagely out of our mouths almost before we could -utter them. I, sitting astern in the boat, only heard them, as it -seemed, for something like an instant of time. But even that was -enough to make me creep all over—the cry was so forlorn and -fearful. Of all the dreadful sounds I had heard since the first -striking of the ship, that shrill wail of despair—rising on the -wavetops, one moment; whirled away the next, into the black -night—was the most frightful that entered my ears. There are -times, even now, when it seems to be ringing in them still.</p> - -<p>Whether our first gleam of moonshine fell upon old Mr. Rarx, -while he was sleeping, and helped to upset his weak brains altogether, -is more than I can say. But, for some reason or other, -before the clouds parted and let the light down on us for the -second time, and while we were driving along awfully through the -blackest of the night, he stirred in his place, and began rambling -and raving again more vehemently than ever. To hear him now—that -is to say, as well as I could hear him for the wind—he was -still down in his gold-mine; but was laden so heavy with his -precious metal that he could not get out, and was in mortal peril -of being drowned by the water rising in the bottom of the shaft. -So far, his maundering attracted my attention disagreeably, and -did no more. But when he began—if I may say so—to take the -name of the dear little dead child in vain, and to mix her up with -himself and his miserly greed of gain, I got angry and called to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span> -the men forward to give him a shake and make him hold his -tongue. Whether any of them obeyed or not, I don’t know—Mr. -Rarx went on raving louder than ever. The shrill wind was now -hardly more shrill than he. He swore he saw the white frock of -our poor little lost pet fluttering in the daylight, at the top of the -mine, and he screamed out to her in a great fright that the gold -was heavy, and the water rising fast, and that she must come -down as quick as lightning if she meant to be in time to help -them. I called again angrily to the men to silence him; and -just as I did so, the clouds began to part for the second time, and -the white tip of the moon grew visible.</p> - -<p>“There she is!” screeches Mr. Rarx; and I saw him by the -faint light, scramble on his knees in the bottom of the boat, and -wave a ragged old handkerchief up at the moon.</p> - -<p>“Pull him down!” I called out. “Down with him; and tie his -arms and legs!”</p> - -<p>Of the men who could still move about, not one paid any -attention to me. They were all upon their knees again, looking -out in the strengthening moonlight for a sight of the ship.</p> - -<p>“Quick, Golden Lucy!” screams Mr. Rarx, and creeps under -the thwarts right forward into the bows of the boat. “Quick! -my darling, my beauty, quick! The gold is heavy, and the water -rises fast! Come down and save me, Golden Lucy! Let all the -rest of the world drown, and save me! Me! me! me! me!”</p> - -<p>He shouted these last words out at the top of his cracked, -croaking voice, and got on his feet, as I conjectured (for the coat -we had spread for a sail now hid him from me) in the bows of the -boat. Not one of the crew so much as looked round at him, so -eagerly were their eyes seeking for the ship. The man sitting -by me was sunk in a deep sleep. If I had left the helm for a -moment in that wind and sea, it would have been the death of -every soul of us. I shouted desperately to the raving wretch to -sit down. A screech that seemed to cut the very wind in two -answered me. A huge wave tossed the boat’s head up wildly at -the same moment. I looked aside to leeward as the wash of -the great roller swept by us, gleaming of a lurid, bluish white in -the moonbeams; I looked and saw, in one second of time, the face<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span> -of Mr. Rarx rush past on the wave, with the foam seething in his -hair and the moon shining in his eyes. Before I could draw my -breath he was a hundred yards astern of us, and the night and -the sea had swallowed him up and had hid his secret, which he -had kept all the voyage, from our mortal curiosity, for ever.</p> - -<p>“He’s gone! he’s drowned!” I shouted to the men forward.</p> - -<p>None of them took any notice; none of them left off looking -out over the ocean for a sight of the ship. Nothing that I could -say on the subject of our situation at that fearful time can, in my -opinion, give such an idea of the extremity and the frightfulness -of it, as the relation of this one fact. I leave it to speak by itself -the sad and shocking truth, and pass on gladly to the telling of -what happened next, at a later hour of the night.</p> - -<p>After the clouds had shut out the moon again, the wind -dropped a little and shifted a point or two, so as to shape our -course nearer to the eastward. How the hours passed after that, -till the dawn came, is more than I can tell. The nearer the time -of daylight approached the more completely everything seemed -to drop out of my mind, except the one thought of where the ship -we had seen in the evening might be, when we looked for her with -the morning light.</p> - -<p>It came at last—that gray, quiet light which was to end all -our uncertainty; which was to show us if we were saved, or to -warn us if we were to prepare for death. With the first streak in -the east, every one of the boat’s company, excepting the sleeping -and the senseless, roused up and looked out in breathless silence -upon the sea. Slowly and slowly the daylight strengthened, and -the darkness rolled off farther and farther before it over the face -of the waters. The first pale flush of the sun flew trembling along -the paths of light broken through the gray wastes of the eastern -clouds. We could look clearly—we could see far; and there, ahead -of us—O! merciful, bountiful providence of God!—there was the -ship!</p> - -<p>I have honestly owned the truth, and confessed to the human -infirmity under suffering of myself, my passengers, and my crew. -I have earned, therefore, as I would fain hope, the right to record -it to the credit of all, that the men, the moment they set eyes on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span> -the ship, poured out their whole heart in humble thanksgiving to -the Divine Mercy which had saved them from the very jaws of -death. They did not wait for me to bid them do this; they did it -of their own accord, in their own language, fervently, earnestly, -with one will and one heart.</p> - -<h6>SAFETY AT LAST</h6> - -<p>We had hardly made the ship out—a fine brigantine, hoisting -English colors—before we observed that her crew suddenly hove -her up in the wind. At first we were at a loss to understand this; -but as we drew nearer, we discovered that she was getting the -Surf-boat (which had kept ahead of us all through the night) -alongside of her, under the lee bow. My men tried to cheer when -they saw their companions in safety, but their weak cries died -away in tears and sobbing.</p> - -<p>In another half-hour we, too, were alongside of the brigantine.</p> - -<p>From this point I recollect nothing very distinctly. I remember -faintly many loud voices and eager faces—I remember fresh, -strong, willing fellows, with a color in their cheeks, and a smartness -in their movements that seemed quite preternatural to me -at that time, hanging over us in the rigging of the brigantine, and -dropping down from her sides into our boat—I remember trying -with my feeble hands to help them in the difficult and <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref436">perilous -task</a> of getting the two poor women and the captain on board—I -remember one dark hairy giant of a man swearing that it was -enough to break his heart, and catching me in his arms like a -child—and from that moment I remember nothing more with the -slightest certainty for over a week of time.</p> - -<p>When I came to my own senses again, in my cot on board -the brigantine, my first inquiries were naturally for my fellow-sufferers. -Two—a passenger in the Long-boat, and one of the -crew of the Surf-boat—had sunk in spite of all the care that could -be taken of them. The rest were likely, with time and attention, -to recover. Of those who have been particularly mentioned in this -narrative, Mrs. Atherfield had shown signs of rallying the soonest; -Miss Coleshaw, who had held out longer against exhaustion, -was now the slower to recover. Captain Ravender, though slowly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span> -mending, was still not able to speak or to move in his cot without -help. The sacrifices for us all which this good man had so nobly -undergone, not only in the boat, but before that, when he had -deprived himself of his natural rest on the dark nights that preceded -the wreck of the Golden Mary, had sadly undermined his -natural strength of constitution. He, the heartiest of all, when -we sailed from England, was now, through his unwearying devotion -to his duty and to us, the last to recover, the longest to linger -between life and death.</p> - -<p>My next questions (when they helped me on deck to get my -first blessed breath of fresh air) related to the vessel that had -saved us. She was bound to the Columbia River—a long way -to the northward of the port for which we had sailed in the Golden -Mary. Most providentially for us, shortly after we had lost sight -of the brigantine in the shades of the evening, she had been caught -in a squall, and had <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref437">sprung her foretopmast</a> badly. This accident -had obliged them to lay-to for some hours, while they did -their best to secure the spar, and had warned them, when they -continued on their course, to keep the ship under easy sail through -the night. But for this circumstance we must, in all human probability, -have been too far astern when the morning dawned, to -have had the slightest chance of being discovered.</p> - -<p>Excepting always some of the stoutest of our men, the next -of the Long-boat’s company who was helped on deck was Mrs. -Atherfield. Poor soul! when she and I first looked at each other, -I could see that her heart went back to the early days of our -voyage, when the Golden Lucy and I used to have our game of -hide-and-seek round the mast. She squeezed my hand as hard as -she could with her wasted trembling fingers, and looked up piteously -in my face, as if she would like to speak to little Lucy’s -playfellow, but dared not trust herself—then turned away quickly -and laid her head against the bulwarks, and looked out upon the -desolate sea that was nothing to her now but her darling’s grave. -I was better pleased when I saw her later in the day, sitting by -Captain Ravender’s cot; for she seemed to take comfort in nursing -him. Miss Coleshaw soon afterwards got strong enough to relieve -her at this duty; and, between them, they did the captain such a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span> -world of good, both in body and spirit, that he also got strong -enough before long to come on deck, and to thank me, in his old, -generous, self-forgetful way, for having done my duty—the duty -which I had learned how to do by his example.</p> - -<p>Hearing what our destination had been when we sailed from -England, the captain of the brigantine (who had treated us with -the most <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref438">unremitting attention</a> and kindness, and had been -warmly seconded in his efforts for our good by all the people under -his command) volunteered to go sufficiently out of his course to -enable us to speak the first Californian coasting-vessel sailing in -the direction of San Francisco. We were lucky in meeting with -one of these sooner than we expected. Three days after parting -from the kind captain of the brigantine, we, the surviving passengers -and crew of the Golden Mary, touched the firm ground once -more, on the shores of California.</p> - -<p>We were hardly collected here before we were obliged to separate -again. Captain Ravender, though he was hardly yet in -good <a href="#phrases40" title="List of phrases" id="ref439">traveling trim</a>, accompanied Mrs. Atherfield inland, to see -her safe under her husband’s protection. Miss Coleshaw went -with them, to stay with Mrs. Atherfield for a little while before -she attempted to proceed with any matters of her own which had -brought her to this part of the world. The rest of us, who were -left behind with nothing particular to do until the captain’s -return, followed the passengers to the gold-diggings. Some few -of us had enough of the life there in a very short time. The rest -seemed bitten by old Mr. Rarx’s mania for gold, and insisted on -stopping behind when Rames and I proposed going back to the -port. We two, and five of our steadiest seamen, were all the -officers and crew left to meet the captain on his return from the -inland country.</p> - -<p>He reported that he had left Mrs. Atherfield and Miss Coleshaw -safe and comfortable under Mr. Atherfield’s care. They -sent affectionate messages to all of us, and especially (I am proud -to say) to me. After hearing this good news, there seemed -nothing better to do than to ship on board the first vessel bound -for England. There were plenty in port, ready to sail and only -waiting for the men belonging to them who had deserted to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span> -gold-diggings. We were all snapped up eagerly, and offered any -rate we chose to set on our services, the moment we made known -our readiness to ship for England—all, I ought to have said, -except Captain Ravender, who went along with us in the capacity -of passenger only.</p> - -<p>Nothing of any moment occurred on the voyage back. The -captain and I got ashore at Gravesend safe and hearty, and -went up to London as fast as the train could carry us, to report -the calamity that had occurred to the owners of the Golden Mary. -When that duty had been performed, Captain Ravender went -back to his own house at Poplar, and I traveled to the West of -England to report myself to my old father and mother.</p> - -<p>Here I might well end all these pages of writing; but I cannot -refrain from adding a few more sentences, to tell the reader what -I am sure he will be glad to hear. In the summer-time of this -present year eighteen hundred and fifty-six, I happened to be at -New York, and having spare time on my hands, and spare cash -in my pocket, I walked into one of the biggest and grandest of -their ordinaries there, to have my dinner. I had hardly sat down -at table, before whom should I see opposite but Mrs. Atherfield, as -bright-eyed and pretty as ever, with a gentleman on her right -hand, and on her left—another Golden Lucy! Her hair was a -shade or two darker than the hair of my poor little pet of past -sad times; but in all other respects the living child reminded me -so strongly of the dead, that I quite started at the first sight of -her. I could not tell if I was to try, how happy we were after -dinner, or how much we had to say to each other. I was introduced -to Mrs. Atherfield’s husband, and heard from him, among -other things, that Miss Coleshaw was married to her old sweetheart, -who had fallen into misfortunes and errors, and whom she -was determined to set right by giving him the great chance in -life of getting a good wife. They were settled in America, like -Mr. and Mrs. Atherfield—these last and the child being on their -way, when I met them, to visit a friend living in the northernmost -part of the States.</p> - -<p>With the relation of this circumstance, and with my personal -testimony to the good health and spirits of Captain Ravender the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span> -last time I saw him, ends all that I have to say in connection with -the subject of the Wreck of the Golden Mary, and the Great Deliverance -of her People at Sea.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Charles Dickens (1812-1870) was a great English novelist. -When a mere boy he moved to London, where he afterward lived and wrote. -As a child he was neglected and his education was limited. He first showed -his ability to write when he became a reporter for a London newspaper. -Here his unusual powers of narration and description brought him marked -success in writing character sketches, which he signed “Boz.” Before -Dickens was thirty he was the most popular writer in England. He -attacked the cruelty and stupidity with which the children of the poor were -treated in English schools; he opened the eyes of the people to the injustice -that was suffered by laborers and all poor people; he saw also, like Robert -Burns, the sincerity and simple happiness that often make the poor more to -be envied than the rich. No other novelist has invented so many characters -that seem flesh and blood; they appeal to us because they are “folks,” not -imaginary dwellers in an unreal world. You will note this ability and the -author’s rare power of telling a story, as you read “The Wreck of the Golden -Mary.” Dickens made two visits to America, where he was received with -great enthusiasm. His second visit was made in 1867, when he gave public -readings from his own works. His vivid imagination and keen human sympathy -give to his writings a peculiar interest and charm.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Has Dickens any purpose in writing this story, except -to interest and entertain? 2. Are you more interested in the characters, or -in the things that happen to them; that is, is this tale a character study or -a story of adventure? 3. Is it both? 4. Does the story contain much conversation, -or is it mainly narration? 5. Are there many descriptions -in it? 6. Are they descriptions of nature, of people, or of events? 7. Read -what you consider the finest description. 8. What two persons tell the -story? 9. Which makes the more decided impression upon you? 10. How -does Captain Ravender describe himself? 11. Are his words in keeping -with his education and occupation—such as a self-educated, seafaring -man would be likely to use? 12. Select and read expressions which indicate -that he is a sailor and uses a sailor’s speech. 13. Name some of the -Captain’s characteristics and read passages to illustrate each. 14. Notice -that his character is revealed to us, (1) through his own words in relating -the story; (2) through what he does; (3) through the conduct of others -toward him; and (4) through the chief mate’s words. Read lines to illustrate -each. 15. Which of the other characters is most interesting? 16. Select -incidents which show the influence upon others of the Captain’s cheerfulness,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span> -resourcefulness, bravery, common-sense, and determination. 17. Do -you think one of the purposes Dickens had in writing this story may have -been to picture the influence of a brave, just, and generous spirit in such -adverse circumstances? 18. Pronounce the following: extraordinary; calculations; -sustenance.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases40"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref411">literal and metaphorical, 210, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref412">dangerous moment, 211, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref413">ship’s chronometer, 211, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref414">lucrative one, 212, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref415">tolerably correct, 214, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref416">hoist the signal, 214, 35</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref417">curious inconsistency, 217, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref418">a block chafes, 219, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref419">frightful breach, 222, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref420">inner vortex, 224, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref421">tow-rope, 224, 29</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref422">frugal manner, 226, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref423">circumstances appertaining, 226, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref424">great fortitude, 229, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref425">raging in imprecations, 229, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref426">past mustering, 232, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref427">to wear ship, 233, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref428">exhausting effects, 235, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref429">tossing abreast, 236, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref430">sobbing lamentation, 239, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref431">went maundering, 240, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref432">desolate seas, 243, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref433">instantly echoed, 246, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref434">entreating me to lay-to, 247, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref435">combat their despondency, 249, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref436">perilous task, 253, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref437">sprung her foretopmast, 254, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref438">unremitting attention, 255, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref439">traveling trim, 255, 18</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="TALES_FROM_SHAKESPEARE">TALES FROM SHAKESPEARE</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header8.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>AS YOU LIKE IT</h4> - -<p class="author">CHARLES AND MARY LAMB</p> - -<p>During the time that France was divided into provinces (or -dukedoms as they were called) there reigned in one of these provinces -an <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref440">usurper, who had deposed</a> and banished his elder brother, -the lawful duke.</p> - -<p>The duke, who was thus driven from his dominions, retired -with a few faithful followers to the forest of Arden; and here the -good duke lived with his loving friends, who had put themselves -into a <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref441">voluntary exile</a> for his sake, while their land and revenues -enriched the false usurper; and custom soon made the life of careless -ease they led here more sweet to them than the pomp and -<a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref442">uneasy splendor</a> of a courtier’s life. Here they lived like the old -Robin Hood of England, and to this forest many noble youths -daily resorted from the court, and did fleet the time carelessly, as -they did who lived in the golden age. In the summer they lay -along under the fine shade of the large forest trees, marking the -playful sports of the wild deer; and so fond were they of these -poor <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref443">dappled fools</a>, who seemed to be the native inhabitants of -the forest, that it grieved them to be forced to kill them to supply<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span> -themselves with venison for their food. When the cold winds of -winter made the duke feel the change of his <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref444">adverse fortune</a>, he -would endure it patiently, and say, “These chilling winds which -blow upon my body are true counselors; they do not flatter, but -represent truly to me my condition; and though they bite sharply, -their tooth is nothing like so keen as that of unkindness and ingratitude. -I find that howsoever men speak against adversity, -yet some sweet uses are to be extracted from it; like the jewel, -precious for medicine, which is taken from the head of the venomous -and despised toad.” In this manner did the patient duke -draw a useful moral from everything that he saw; and by the help -of this moralizing turn, in that life of his, remote from public -haunts, he could find tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, -sermons in stones, and good in everything.</p> - -<p>The banished duke had an only daughter, named Rosalind; -whom the usurper, Duke Frederick, when he banished her father, -still retained in his court as a companion for his own daughter -Celia. A strict friendship subsisted between these ladies, which -the disagreement between their fathers did not in the least interrupt, -Celia striving by every kindness in her power to make -amends to Rosalind for the injustice of her own father in deposing -the father of Rosalind; and whenever the thoughts of her father’s -banishment, and her own dependence on the false usurper, made -Rosalind melancholy, Celia’s whole care was to comfort and -console her.</p> - -<p>One day, when Celia was talking in her usual kind manner to -Rosalind, saying, “I pray you, Rosalind, my sweet cousin, be -merry,” a messenger entered from the duke, to tell them that if -they wished to see a wrestling match, which was just going to -begin, they must come instantly to the court before the palace; -and Celia, thinking it would amuse Rosalind, agreed to go and -see it.</p> - -<p>In those times wrestling, which is only practiced now by -country clowns, was a favorite sport even in the courts of princes, -and before fair ladies and princesses. To this wrestling match, -therefore, Celia and Rosalind went. They found that it was -likely to prove a very tragical sight; for a large and powerful man<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span> -who had been long practiced in the art of wrestling, and had slain -many men in contests of this kind, was just going to wrestle with -a very young man, who, from his extreme youth and inexperience -in the art, the beholders all thought would certainly be killed.</p> - -<p>When the duke saw Celia and Rosalind, he said, “How now, -daughter and niece, are you crept hither to see the wrestling? -You will take little delight in it, there is such odds in the men; in -pity to this young man, I would wish to persuade him from -wrestling. Speak to him, ladies, and see if you can not move -him.”</p> - -<p>The ladies were well pleased to perform this <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref445">humane office</a>, -and first Celia entreated the young stranger that he would desist -from the attempt; and then Rosalind spoke so kindly to him, and -with such feeling consideration for the danger he was about to -undergo, that instead of being persuaded by her gentle words <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref446">to -forego his purpose</a>, all his thoughts were bent to distinguish himself -by his courage in this lovely lady’s eyes. He refused the -request of Celia and Rosalind in such graceful and modest words, -that they felt still more concern for him; he concluded his refusal -with saying, “I am sorry to deny such fair and excellent ladies -anything. But let your fair eyes and gentle wishes go with me -to my trial, wherein if I be conquered there is one shamed that -was never gracious; if I am killed, there is one dead that is willing -to die; I shall do my friends no wrong, for I have none to lament -me; the world no injury, for in it I have nothing; for I only fill -up a place in the world which may be better supplied when I have -made it empty.”</p> - -<p>And now the wrestling match began. Celia wished the young -stranger might not be hurt; but Rosalind felt most for him. The -friendless state which he said he was in, and that he wished to -die, made Rosalind think that he was like herself, unfortunate; -and she pitied him so much, and so deep an interest she took in -his danger while he was wrestling, that she might almost be said -at that moment to have fallen in love with him.</p> - -<p>The kindness shown this unknown youth by these fair and -noble ladies gave him courage and strength, so that he performed -wonders; and in the end completely conquered his antagonist,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span> -who was so much hurt, that for a while he was unable to speak -or move.</p> - -<p>The Duke Frederick was much pleased with the courage and -skill shown by this young stranger; and desired to know his name -and parentage, meaning to take him under his protection.</p> - -<p>The stranger said his name was Orlando, and that he was the -youngest son of Sir Rowland de Boys.</p> - -<p>Sir Rowland de Boys, the father of Orlando, had been dead -some years; but when he was living, he had been a true subject -and dear friend of the banished duke; therefore, when Frederick -heard Orlando was the son of his banished brother’s friend, all his -liking for this brave young man was changed into displeasure, -and he left the place in very ill humor. Hating to hear the very -name of any of his brother’s friends, and yet still admiring the -valor of the youth, he said, as he went out, that he wished Orlando -had been the son of any other man.</p> - -<p>Rosalind was delighted to hear that her new favorite was the -son of her father’s old friend; and she said to Celia, “My father -loved Sir Rowland de Boys, and if I had known this young man -was his son, I would have added tears to my entreaties before he -should have ventured.”</p> - -<p>The ladies then went up to him; and seeing him abashed by -the sudden displeasure shown by the duke, they spoke kind and -encouraging words to him; and Rosalind, when they were going -away, turned back to speak some more civil things to the brave -young son of her father’s old friend; and taking a chain from off -her neck, she said, “Gentleman, wear this for me. I am out of -suits with fortune, or I would give you a more valuable present.”</p> - -<p>When the ladies were alone, Rosalind’s talk being still of -Orlando, Celia began to perceive her cousin had fallen in love -with the handsome young wrestler, and she said to Rosalind, “Is -it possible you should fall in love so suddenly?” Rosalind replied, -“The duke, my father, loved his father dearly.” “But,” said -Celia, “does it therefore follow that you should love his son -dearly? for then I ought to hate him, for my father hated his -father; yet I do not hate Orlando.”</p> - -<p>Frederick being enraged at the sight of Sir Rowland de Boys’<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span> -son, which reminded him of the many friends the banished duke -had among the nobility, and having been for some time displeased -with his niece, because the people praised her for her virtues and -pitied her for her good father’s sake, his <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref447">malice suddenly broke</a> out -against her; and while Celia and Rosalind were talking of Orlando, -Frederick entered the room, and with looks full of anger ordered -Rosalind instantly to leave the palace, and follow her father into -banishment; telling Celia, who in vain pleaded for her, that he had -only suffered Rosalind to stay upon her account. “I did not then,” -said Celia, “entreat you to let her stay, for I was too young at that -time to value her; but now that I know her worth, and that we so -long have slept together, risen at the same instant, learned, played, -and eaten together, I cannot live out of her company.” Frederick -replied, “She is too subtle for you; her smoothness, her very -silence, and her patience speak to the people, and they pity her. -You are a fool to plead for her, for you will seem more bright and -virtuous when she is gone; therefore open not your lips in her -favor, for the doom which I have passed upon her is irrevocable.”</p> - -<p>When Celia found she could not prevail upon her father to let -Rosalind remain with her, she generously resolved to accompany -her; and leaving her father’s palace that night, she went along -with her friend to seek Rosalind’s father, the banished duke, in the -forest of Arden.</p> - -<p>Before they set out, Celia considered that it would be unsafe -for two young ladies to travel in the rich clothes they then wore; -she therefore proposed that they should disguise their rank by -dressing themselves like country maids. Rosalind said it would -be a still greater protection if one of them was to be dressed like a -man; and so it was quickly agreed on between them, that as Rosalind -was the taller, she should wear the dress of a young countryman, -and Celia should be habited like a country lass, and that -they should say they were brother and sister, and Rosalind said -she would be called Ganymede, and Celia chose the name of -Aliena.</p> - -<p>In this disguise, and taking their money and jewels to <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref448">defray -their expenses</a>, these fair princesses set out on their long travel;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span> -for the forest of Arden was a long way off, beyond the boundaries -of the duke’s dominions.</p> - -<p>The lady Rosalind (or Ganymede as she must now be called) -with her manly garb seemed to have put on a manly courage. -The faithful friendship Celia had shown in accompanying Rosalind -so many weary miles, made the new brother, in <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref449">recompense -for this</a> true love, exert a cheerful spirit, as if he were indeed -Ganymede, the rustic and stout-hearted brother of the gentle -village maiden, Aliena.</p> - -<p>When at last they came to the forest of Arden, they no longer -found the convenient inns and good accommodations they had met -with on the road; and being in want of food and rest, Ganymede, -who had so merrily cheered his sister with pleasant speeches and -happy remarks all the way, now owned to Aliena that he was so -weary, he could find in his heart to disgrace his man’s apparel, -and cry like a woman; and Aliena declared she could go no farther; -and then again Ganymede tried to recollect that it was a -man’s duty to comfort and console a woman, as the weaker vessel; -and to seem courageous to his new sister, he said, “Come, have -a good heart, my sister Aliena; we are now at the end of our -travel, in the forest of Arden.” But feigned manliness and forced -courage would no longer support them; for though they were in -the forest of Arden, they knew not where to find the duke; and -here the travel of these weary ladies might have come to a sad -conclusion, for they might have lost themselves and perished for -want of food; but providentially, as they were sitting on the grass, -almost dying with fatigue and hopeless of any relief, a countryman -chanced to pass that way, and Ganymede once more tried to -speak with a manly boldness, saying, “Shepherd, if love or gold -can in this desert place procure us entertainment, I pray you -bring us where we may rest ourselves; for this young maid, my -sister, is much fatigued with traveling, and faints for want of -food.”</p> - -<p>The man replied that he was only a servant to a shepherd, and -that his master’s house was just going to be sold, and therefore -they would find but poor entertainment; but that if they would -go with him, they should be welcome to what there was. They<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span> -followed the man, the near prospect of relief giving them fresh -strength; and bought the house and sheep of the shepherd, and -took the man who conducted them to the shepherd’s house to wait -on them; and being by this means so fortunately provided with a -neat cottage, and well supplied with provisions, they agreed to -stay here till they could learn in what part of the forest the duke -dwelt.</p> - -<p>When they were rested after the fatigue of their journey, they -began to like their new way of life, and almost fancied themselves -the shepherd and shepherdess they feigned to be; yet sometimes -Ganymede remembered he had once been the same lady -Rosalind who had so dearly loved the brave Orlando, because he -was the son of old Sir Rowland, her father’s friend; and though -Ganymede thought that Orlando was many miles distant, even -so many weary miles as they had traveled, yet it soon appeared -that Orlando was also in the forest of Arden; and in this manner -this strange event came to pass.</p> - -<p>Orlando was the youngest son of Sir Rowland de Boys, who, -when he died, left him (Orlando being then very young) to the -care of his eldest brother Oliver, charging Oliver on his blessing -to give his brother a good education, and provide for him as became -the dignity of their ancient house. Oliver proved an -unworthy brother; and disregarding the commands of his dying -father, he never put his brother to school, but kept him at home -untaught and entirely neglected. But in his nature and in the -noble qualities of his mind Orlando so much resembled his excellent -father, that without any advantages of education he seemed -like a youth who had been bred with the utmost care; and Oliver -so envied the fine person and dignified manners of his untutored -brother, that at last he wished to destroy him; and to effect this -he set on people to persuade him to wrestle with the famous -wrestler, who, as has been before related, had killed so many -men. Now, it was this cruel brother’s neglect of him which -made Orlando say he wished to die, being so friendless.</p> - -<p>When, contrary to the wicked hopes he had formed, his brother -proved victorious, his envy and <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref450">malice knew no bounds</a>, and he -swore he would burn the chamber where Orlando slept. He was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span> -overheard making this vow by one that had been an old and faithful -servant to their father, and that loved Orlando because he -resembled Sir Rowland. This old man went out to meet him when -he returned from the duke’s palace, and when he saw Orlando, the -peril his dear young master was in made him break out into these -passionate exclamations: “O my gentle master, my sweet master, -O you memory of old Sir Rowland! why are you virtuous? why -are you gentle, strong, and valiant? and why would you be so -fond to overcome the famous wrestler? Your praise is come too -swiftly home before you.” Orlando, wondering what all this -meant, asked him what was the matter. And then the old man -told him how his wicked brother, envying the love all people -bore him, and now hearing the fame he had gained by his victory -in the duke’s palace, intended to destroy him, by setting fire to -his chamber that night; and in conclusion, advised him to escape -the danger he was in by instant flight; and knowing Orlando had -no money, Adam (for that was the good old man’s name) had -brought out with him his own little hoard, and he said, “I have -five hundred crowns, the thrifty hire I saved under your father, -and laid by to be provision for me when my old limbs should -become unfit for service; take that, and he that doth the ravens -feed be comfort to my age! Here is the gold; all this I give to -you; let me be your servant; though I look old I will do the service -of a younger man in all your business and necessities.” “O -good old man!” said Orlando, “how well appears in you the constant -service of the old world! You are not for the fashion of -these times. We will go along together, and before your youthful -wages are spent, I shall light upon some means for both our -maintenance.”</p> - -<p>Together then this faithful servant and his loved master set -out; and Orlando and Adam traveled on, uncertain what course -to pursue, till they came to the forest of Arden, and there they -found themselves in the same distress for want of food that Ganymede -and Aliena had been. They wandered on, seeking some -human habitation, till they were almost spent with hunger and -fatigue. Adam at last said, “O my dear master, I die for want -of food; I can go no farther!” He then laid himself down, thinking<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span> -to make that place his grave, and bade his dear master farewell. -Orlando, seeing him in this weak state, took his old servant -up in his arms and carried him under the shelter of some pleasant -trees; and he said to him, “Cheerly, old Adam, rest your weary -limbs here awhile and do not talk of dying!”</p> - -<p>Orlando then searched about to find some food, and he happened -to arrive at that part of the forest where the duke was; -and he and his friends were just going to eat their dinner, this -royal duke being seated on the grass, under no other canopy than -the <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref451">shady covert</a> of some large trees.</p> - -<p>Orlando, whom hunger had made desperate, drew his sword, -intending to take their meat by force, and said, “Forbear and -eat no more; I must have your food!” The duke asked him if -distress had made him so bold, or if he were a rude despiser of -good manners. On this Orlando said he was dying with hunger; -and then the duke told him he was welcome to sit down and eat -with them. Orlando hearing him speak so gently, put up his -sword, and blushed with shame at the rude manner in which he -had demanded their food. “Pardon me, I pray you,” said he; -“I thought that all things had been savage here, and therefore I -put on the countenance of stern command; but whatever men you -are, that in this desert, under the shade of melancholy boughs, lose -and neglect the creeping hours of time; if ever you have looked -on better days; if ever you have been where bells have knolled -to church; if you have ever sat at any good man’s feast; if ever -from your eyelids you have wiped a tear, and know what it is to -pity or be pitied, may gentle speeches now move you to do me -human courtesy!” The duke replied, “True it is that we are men -(as you say) who have seen better days, and though we have now -our habitation in this wild forest, we have lived in towns and -cities, and have with holy bell been knolled to church, have sat -at good men’s feasts, and from our eyes have wiped the drops -which <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref452">sacred pity</a> has engendered; therefore sit you down, and -take of our refreshments as much as will minister to your wants.” -“There is an old poor man,” answered Orlando, “who has limped -after me many a weary step in pure love, oppressed at once with -two sad infirmities, age and hunger; till he be satisfied, I must not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span> -touch a bit.” “Go, find him out, and bring him hither,” said the -duke; “we will forbear to eat till you return.” Then Orlando went -like a doe to find its fawn and give it food; and presently returned, -bringing Adam in his arms; and the duke said, “Set down your -<a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref453">venerable burthen</a>; you are both welcome”; and they fed the old -man and cheered his heart, and he revived, and recovered his -health and strength again.</p> - -<p>The duke inquired who Orlando was; and when he found that -he was the son of his old friend, Sir Rowland de Boys, he took him -under his protection, and Orlando and his old servant lived with -the duke in the forest.</p> - -<p>Orlando arrived in the forest not many days after Ganymede -and Aliena came there, and (as has been before related) bought -the shepherd’s cottage.</p> - -<p>Ganymede and Aliena were strangely surprised to find the -name of Rosalind carved on the trees, and love-sonnets, fastened -to them, all addressed to Rosalind; and while they were wondering -how this could be, they met Orlando, and they perceived the -chain which Rosalind had given him about his neck.</p> - -<p>Orlando little thought that Ganymede was the fair princess -Rosalind, who, by her noble condescension and favor, had so -won his heart that he passed his whole time in carving her name -upon the trees, and writing sonnets in praise of her beauty; but -being much pleased with the graceful air of this pretty shepherd-youth, -he entered into conversation with him, and he thought he -saw a likeness in Ganymede to his beloved Rosalind, but that he -had none of the dignified deportment of that noble lady; for -Ganymede assumed the forward manners often seen in youths -when they are between boys and men, and with much archness -and humor talked to Orlando of a certain lover, “who,” said he, -“haunts our forest, and spoils our young trees with carving, ‘Rosalind,’ -upon their barks; and he hangs odes upon hawthorns and -elegies on brambles, all praising this same Rosalind. If I could -find this lover, I would give him some good counsel that would -soon cure him of his love.”</p> - -<p>Orlando confessed that he was the fond lover of whom he -spoke, and asked Ganymede to give him the good counsel he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span> -talked of. The remedy Ganymede proposed, and the counsel he -gave him, was that Orlando should come every day to the cottage -where he and his sister Aliena dwelt. “And then,” said -Ganymede, “I will feign myself to be Rosalind, and you shall -feign to court me in the same manner as you would do if I was -Rosalind, and then I will imitate the <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref454">fantastic ways</a> of whimsical -ladies to their lovers, till I make you ashamed of your love; -and this is the way I propose to cure you.” Orlando had no -great faith in the remedy, yet he agreed to come every day to -Ganymede’s cottage, and feign a playful courtship; and every -day Orlando visited Ganymede and Aliena, and Orlando called -the shepherd Ganymede his Rosalind, and every day talked over -all the fine words and flattering compliments which young men -delight to use when they court their mistresses. It does not appear, -however, that Ganymede made any progress in curing -Orlando of his love for Rosalind.</p> - -<p>Though Orlando thought all this was but a sportive play (not -dreaming that Ganymede was his very Rosalind), yet the opportunity -it gave him of saying all the fond things he had in his heart, -pleased his fancy almost as well as it did Ganymede’s, who enjoyed -the secret jest in knowing these fine love-speeches were all -addressed to the right person.</p> - -<p>In this manner many days passed pleasantly on with these -young people; and the good-natured Aliena, seeing it made Ganymede -happy, let him have his own way, and was diverted at the -mock-courtship, and did not care to remind Ganymede that the -lady Rosalind had not yet made herself known to the duke her -father, whose place of resort in the forest they had learnt from -Orlando. Ganymede met the duke one day, and had some talk -with him, and the duke asked of what parentage he came. Ganymede -answered that he came of as good parentage as he did, which -made the duke smile, for he did not suspect the pretty shepherd-boy -came of royal lineage. Then seeing the duke look well and -happy, Ganymede was content to put off all further explanation -for a few days longer.</p> - -<p>One morning, as Orlando was going to visit Ganymede, he -saw a man lying asleep on the ground, and a large green snake had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span> -twisted itself about his neck. The snake, seeing Orlando approach, -glided away among the bushes. Orlando went nearer, and then -he discovered a lioness lie crouching, with her head on the ground, -with a cat-like watch, waiting until the sleeping man awaked -(for it is said that lions will prey on nothing that is dead or -sleeping). It seemed as if Orlando was sent by Providence to -free the man from the danger of the snake and lioness; but when -Orlando looked in the man’s face, he perceived that the sleeper -who was exposed to this double peril, was his own brother Oliver, -who had so cruelly used him, and had threatened to destroy him -by fire; and he was almost tempted to leave him a prey to the -hungry lioness; but brotherly affection and the gentleness of his -nature soon overcame his first anger against his brother; and he -drew his sword, and attacked the lioness, and slew her, and thus -preserved his brother’s life both from the venomous snake and -from the furious lioness; but before Orlando could conquer the -lioness, she had torn one of his arms with her sharp claws.</p> - -<p>While Orlando was engaged with the lioness, Oliver awaked, -and perceiving that his brother Orlando, whom he had so cruelly -treated, was saving him from the fury of a wild beast at the risk -of his own life, shame and remorse at once seized him, and he -repented of his unworthy conduct, and besought with many tears -his brother’s pardon for the injuries he had done him. Orlando -rejoiced to see him so penitent, and readily forgave him; they -embraced each other; and from that hour Oliver loved Orlando -with a true brotherly affection, though he had come to the forest -<a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref455">bent on his destruction</a>.</p> - -<p>The wound in Orlando’s arm having bled very much, he found -himself too weak to go to visit Ganymede, and therefore he -desired his brother to go and tell Ganymede, “whom,” said Orlando, -“I in sport do call my Rosalind,” the accident which had -befallen him.</p> - -<p>Thither then Oliver went, and told to Ganymede and Aliena -how Orlando had saved his life; and when he had finished the -story of Orlando’s bravery, and his own providential escape, he -owned to them that he was Orlando’s brother, who had so cruelly -used him; and then he told them of their reconciliation.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></span></p> - -<p>The sincere sorrow that Oliver expressed for his offenses made -such a lively impression on the kind heart of Aliena, that she -instantly fell in love with him; and Oliver observing how much she -pitied the distress he told her he felt for his fault, he as suddenly -fell in love with her. But while love was thus stealing into the -hearts of Aliena and Oliver, he was no less busy with Ganymede, -who hearing of the danger Orlando had been in, and that he was -wounded by the lioness, fainted; and when he recovered, he pretended -that he had <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref456">counterfeited the swoon</a> in the imaginary character -of Rosalind, and Ganymede said to Oliver, “Tell your -brother Orlando how well I counterfeited a swoon.” But Oliver -saw by the paleness of his complexion that he did really faint, -and much wondering at the weakness of the young man, he said, -“Well, if you did counterfeit, take a good heart, and counterfeit to -be a man.” “So I do,” replied Ganymede, truly, “but I should -have been a woman by right.”</p> - -<p>Oliver made this visit a very long one, and when at last he -returned back to his brother, he had much news to tell him; for -besides the account of Ganymede’s fainting at the hearing that -Orlando was wounded, Oliver told him how he had fallen in love -with the fair shepherdess Aliena, and that she had lent a favorable -ear to his suit, even in this their first interview; and he talked to -his brother, as of a thing almost settled, that he should marry -Aliena, saying, that he so well loved her, that he would live here -as a shepherd, and settle his estate and house at home upon -Orlando.</p> - -<p>“You have my consent,” said Orlando. “Let your wedding be -tomorrow, and I will invite the duke and his friends. Go and persuade -your shepherdess to agree to this; she is now alone; for -look, here comes her brother.” Oliver went to Aliena; and Ganymede, -whom Orlando had perceived approaching, came to inquire -after the health of his wounded friend.</p> - -<p>When Orlando and Ganymede began to talk over the sudden -love which had taken place between Oliver and Aliena, Orlando -said he had advised his brother to persuade his fair shepherdess -to be married on the morrow, and then he added how much he -could wish to be married on the same day to his Rosalind.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span></p> - -<p>Ganymede, who well approved of this arrangement, said that -if Orlando really loved Rosalind as well as he professed to do, he -should have his wish; for on the morrow he would engage to make -Rosalind appear in her own person, and also that Rosalind should -be willing to marry Orlando.</p> - -<p>This seemingly wonderful event, which, as Ganymede was the -lady Rosalind, he could so easily perform, he pretended he would -bring to pass by the aid of magic, which he said he had learnt -of an uncle who was a famous magician.</p> - -<p>The fond lover Orlando, half believing and half doubting what -he heard, asked Ganymede if he spoke in sober meaning. “By my -life I do,” said Ganymede; “therefore put on your best clothes, -and bid the duke and your friends to your wedding; for if you -desire to be married tomorrow to Rosalind, she shall be here.”</p> - -<p>The next morning, Oliver having obtained the consent of -Aliena, they came into the presence of the duke, and with them -also came Orlando.</p> - -<p>They being all assembled to celebrate this double marriage, -and as yet only one of the brides appearing, there was much of -<a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref457">wondering and conjecture</a>, but they mostly thought that Ganymede -was making a jest of Orlando.</p> - -<p>The duke, hearing that it was his own daughter that was to be -brought in this strange way, asked Orlando if he believed the -shepherd-boy could really do what he had promised; and while -Orlando was answering that he knew not what to think, Ganymede -entered, and asked the duke, if he brought his daughter, -whether he would consent to her marriage with Orlando. “That -I would,” said the duke, “if I had kingdoms to give with her.” -Ganymede then said to Orlando, “And you say you will marry her -if I bring her here?” “That I would,” said Orlando, “if I were -king of many kingdoms.”</p> - -<p>Ganymede and Aliena then went out together, and Ganymede -throwing off his male attire, and being once more dressed in -woman’s apparel, quickly became Rosalind without the power of -magic; and Aliena changing her country garb for her own rich -clothes, was with as little trouble transformed into the lady Celia.</p> - -<p>While they were gone, the duke said to Orlando, that he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span> -thought the shepherd Ganymede very like his daughter Rosalind; -and Orlando said, he also had observed the resemblance.</p> - -<p>They had no time to wonder how all this would end, for Rosalind -and Celia in their own clothes entered; and no longer pretending -that it was by the power of magic that she came there, Rosalind -threw herself on her knees before her father, and begged his -blessing. It seemed so wonderful to all present that she should -so suddenly appear, that it might well have passed for magic; but -Rosalind would no longer trifle with her father, and told him the -story of her banishment, and of her dwelling in the forest as a -shepherd-boy, her cousin Celia passing as her sister.</p> - -<p>The duke <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref458">ratified the consent</a> he had already given to the marriage; -and Orlando and Rosalind, Oliver and Celia, were married -at the same time. And though their wedding could not be celebrated -in this wild forest with any of the parade or splendor usual -on such occasions, yet a happier wedding-day was never passed; -and while they were eating their venison under the cool shade of -the pleasant trees, as if nothing should be wanting to complete -the felicity of this good duke and the true lovers, an unexpected -messenger arrived to tell the duke the joyful news, that his -dukedom was restored to him.</p> - -<p>The usurper, enraged at the flight of his daughter Celia, and -hearing that every day men of great worth resorted to the forest -of Arden to join the lawful duke in his exile, much envying that -his brother should be so highly <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref459">respected in his adversity</a>, put himself -at the head of a large force, and advanced toward the forest, -intending to seize his brother, and put him with all his faithful -followers to the sword; but, by a <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref460">wonderful interposition</a> of Providence, -this bad brother was converted from his evil intention; for -just as he entered the skirts of the wild forest, he was met by an -old religious man, a hermit, with whom he had much talk, and -who in the end completely turned his heart from his wicked design. -Thenceforward he became a true penitent, and resolved, relinquishing -his unjust dominion, to spend the remainder of his days -in a religious house. The first act of his <a href="#phrases41" title="List of phrases" id="ref461">newly-conceived penitence</a> -was to send a messenger to his brother (as has been related) -to offer to restore to him his dukedom, which he had usurped so<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span> -long, and with it the lands and revenues of his friends, the faithful -followers of his adversity.</p> - -<p>This joyful news, as unexpected as it was welcome, came opportunely -to heighten the festivity and rejoicings at the wedding -of the princesses. Celia complimented her cousin on this good -fortune which had happened to the duke, Rosalind’s father, and -wished her joy very sincerely, though she herself was no longer -heir to the dukedom, but by this restoration which her father had -made, Rosalind was now the heir; so completely was the love of -these two cousins unmixed with anything of jealousy or of envy.</p> - -<p>The duke had now an opportunity of rewarding those true -friends who had stayed with him in his banishment; and these -worthy followers, though they had patiently shared his adverse -fortune, were very well pleased to return in peace and prosperity -to the palace of their lawful duke.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Charles Lamb (1775-1834) was an English writer who -spent his entire life in London. He was a classmate of the poet Coleridge. -His father was a clerk in a lawyer’s office, and Charles was an accountant -until he was fifty years of age. He was, however, a great reader and spent -his hours of leisure at the bookstalls and printshops or at home reading -with his sister Mary. He and Mary wrote <cite>Tales from Shakespeare</cite>, giving -the story or plot of many of Shakespeare’s plays. In a letter to his friend -Mr. Manning, Lamb said of his sister: “She is doing for Godwin’s bookseller -twenty of Shakespeare’s plays, to be made into children’s tales. Six -are already done by her: <cite>The Tempest</cite>, <cite>Winter’s Tale</cite>, <cite>Midsummer Night</cite>, -<cite>Much Ado</cite>, <cite>Two Gentlemen of Verona</cite>, and <cite>Cymbeline;</cite> and the <cite>Merchant -of Venice</cite> is in forwardness. I have done <cite>Othello</cite> and <cite>Macbeth</cite>, and mean -to do all the tragedies. I think it will be popular among the little people, -besides money. It is to bring in sixty guineas. Mary has done them capitally, -I think you’d think.” Lamb’s rich personality gave flavor and enduring -fame to his writings.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Be prepared to tell the story in the fewest possible -words. 2. Make an outline giving the principal events of the story. 3. Note -all that is said of the forest of Arden; where may such a forest be found? -4. Is the forest described a real one? 5. What impression of the elder duke’s -character do you get from the story? 6. What evidences of true friendship -did Celia show? 7. Who are the important characters? The most important? -8. Give your opinion of these: Rosalind, Celia, Orlando. 9. Are<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span> -the characters real and lifelike or are they improbable? 10. What humorous -situations do you find? 11. Pronounce the following: haunts; wrestling; -fatigue.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases41"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref440">usurper, who had deposed, 259, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref441">voluntary exile, 259, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref442">uneasy splendor, 259,11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref443">dappled fools, 259, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref444">adverse fortune, 260, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref445">humane office, 261, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref446">to forego his purpose, 261, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref447">malice suddenly broke, 263, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref448">defray their expenses, 263, 36</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref449">recompense for this, 264, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref450">malice knew no bounds, 265, 36</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref451">shady covert, 267,10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref452">sacred pity, 267, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref453">venerable burthen, 268, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref454">fantastic ways, 269, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref455">bent on his destruction, 270, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref456">counterfeited the swoon, 271, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref457">wondering and conjecture, 272, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref458">ratified the consent, 273, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref459">respected in his adversity, 273, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref460">wonderful interposition, 273, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref461">newly-conceived penitence, 273, 35</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE TEMPEST</h4> - -<p class="author">CHARLES AND MARY LAMB</p> - -<p>There was a certain island in the sea, the only inhabitants -of which were an old man, whose name was Prospero, and his -daughter Miranda, a very beautiful young lady. She came to -this island so young that she had no memory of having seen any -other human face than her father’s.</p> - -<p>They lived in a cave, or cell, made out of a rock; it was divided -into several apartments, one of which Prospero called his study; -there he kept his books, which chiefly treated of magic, a study -at that time <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref462">much affected by all learned men</a>. The knowledge -of this art he found very useful to him; for being thrown by a -strange chance upon this island, which had been enchanted by a -witch called Sycorax, who died there a short time before his -arrival, Prospero, by virtue of his art, released many good spirits -that Sycorax had imprisoned in the bodies of large trees, because -they had <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref463">refused to execute</a> her wicked commands. These gentle -spirits were ever after obedient to the will of Prospero. Of these -Ariel was the chief.</p> - -<p>The lively little sprite Ariel had nothing mischievous in his -nature, except that he took rather too much pleasure in tormenting<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></span> -an ugly monster called Caliban, for he <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref464">owed him a grudge</a> -because he was the son of his old enemy Sycorax. This Caliban, -Prospero found in the woods, a strange misshapen thing, far less -human in form than an ape. He took him home to his cell, and -taught him to speak; and Prospero would have been very kind -to him, but the bad nature which Caliban inherited from his -mother Sycorax, would not let him learn anything good or useful; -therefore he was employed like a slave, to fetch wood, and -do the most laborious offices; and Ariel had the charge of compelling -him to these services.</p> - -<p>When Caliban was lazy and neglected his work, Ariel (who -was invisible to all eyes but Prospero’s) would come slyly and -pinch him, and sometimes tumble him down in the mire; and then -Ariel, in the likeness of an ape, would make mouths at him. -Then swiftly changing his shape, in the likeness of a hedgehog, -he would lie tumbling in Caliban’s way, who feared the hedgehog’s -sharp quills would prick his bare feet. With a variety of <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref465">such-like -vexatious tricks</a> Ariel would often torment him, whenever -Caliban neglected the work which Prospero commanded him to do.</p> - -<p>Having these powerful spirits obedient to his will, Prospero -could by their means command the winds, and the waves of the -sea. By his orders they raised a violent storm, in the midst of -which, and struggling with the wild sea-waves that every moment -threatened to swallow it up, he showed his daughter a fine large -ship, which he told her was full of living beings like themselves. -“O my dear father,” said she, “if by your art you have raised -this dreadful storm, have pity on their sad distress. See! the vessel -will be dashed to pieces. Poor souls! they will all perish. If -I had power, I would sink the sea beneath the earth, rather than -the good ship should be destroyed, with all the precious souls -within her.”</p> - -<p>“Be not so amazed, daughter Miranda,” said Prospero; “there -is no harm done. I have so ordered it, that no person in the ship -shall receive any hurt. What I have done has been in care of -you, my dear child. You are ignorant who you are, or where you -came from, and you know no more of me but that I am your -father, and live in this poor cave. Can you remember a time<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span> -before you came to this cell? I think you cannot, for you were -not then three years of age.”</p> - -<p>“Certainly I can, sir,” replied Miranda.</p> - -<p>“By what?” asked Prospero; “by any other house or person? -Tell me what you can remember, my child.”</p> - -<p>Miranda said, “It seems to me like the recollection of a dream. -But had I not once four or five women who attended upon me?”</p> - -<p>Prospero answered, “You had, and more. How is it that this -still lives in your mind? Do you remember how you came here?”</p> - -<p>“No, sir,” said Miranda, “I remember nothing more.”</p> - -<p>“Twelve years ago, Miranda,” continued Prospero, “I was -duke of Milan, and you were a princess, and my only heir. I had -a younger brother, whose name was Antonio, to whom I trusted -everything; and as I was fond of retirement and deep study, I -commonly left the management of my state affairs to your uncle, -my false brother (for so indeed he proved). I, neglecting all -<a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref466">worldly ends</a>, buried among my books, did <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref467">dedicate my whole -time</a> to the bettering of my mind. My brother Antonio being thus -in possession of my power, began to think himself the duke indeed. -The opportunity I gave him of making himself popular among -my subjects awakened in his bad nature a proud ambition to -deprive me of my dukedom; this he soon effected with the aid -of the king of Naples, a powerful prince, who was my enemy.”</p> - -<p>“Wherefore,” said Miranda, “did they not that hour destroy -us?”</p> - -<p>“My child,” answered her father, “they durst not, so dear was -the love that my people bore me. Antonio carried us on board -a ship, and when we were some leagues out at sea, he forced us -into a small boat, without either tackle, sail, or mast; there he -left us, as he thought, to perish. But a kind lord of my court, -one Gonzalo, who loved me, had privately placed in the boat, -water, provisions, apparel, and some books which I prize above my -dukedom.”</p> - -<p>“O my father,” said Miranda, “what a trouble must I have -been to you then!”</p> - -<p>“No, my love,” said Prospero, “you were a little cherub that -did preserve me. Your innocent smiles made me bear up against<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span> -my misfortunes. Our food lasted till we landed on this desert -island, since when my chief delight has been in teaching you, -Miranda, and well have you profited by my instructions.”</p> - -<p>“Heaven thank you, my dear father,” said Miranda. “Now -pray tell me, sir, your reason for raising this sea-storm?”</p> - -<p>“Know then,” said her father, “that by means of this storm, -my enemies, the King of Naples and my cruel brother, are cast -ashore upon this island.”</p> - -<p>Having so said, Prospero gently touched his daughter with -his magic wand, and she fell fast asleep; for the spirit Ariel just -then presented himself before his master, to give an account of -the tempest, and how he had disposed of the ship’s company, and -though the spirits were always invisible to Miranda, Prospero did -not choose she should hear him <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref468">holding converse</a> (as would seem -to her) with the empty air.</p> - -<p>“Well, my brave spirit,” said Prospero to Ariel, “how have you -performed your task?”</p> - -<p>Ariel gave a lively description of the storm, and of the terrors -of the mariners; and how the King’s son, Ferdinand, was the first -who leaped into the sea; and his father thought he saw his dear -son swallowed up by the waves and lost. “But he is safe,” said -Ariel, “in a corner of the isle, sitting with his arms folded, sadly -<a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref469">lamenting the loss</a> of the King, his father, whom he concludes -drowned. Not a hair of his head is injured, and his princely -garments, though drenched in the sea-waves, look fresher than -before.”</p> - -<p>“That’s my delicate Ariel,” said Prospero. “Bring him hither; -my daughter must see this young prince. Where is the King, and -my brother?”</p> - -<p>“I left them,” answered Ariel, “searching for Ferdinand, whom -they have little hopes of finding, thinking they saw him perish. -Of the ship’s crew not one is missing; though each one thinks himself -the only one saved; and the ship, though invisible to them, -is safe in the harbor.”</p> - -<p>“Ariel,” said Prospero, “thy charge is faithfully performed; -but there is more work yet.”</p> - -<p>“Is there more work?” said Ariel. “Let me remind you,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[279]</a></span> -master, you have promised me my liberty. I pray remember I -have done you worthy service, told you no lies, made no mistakes, -served you without grudge or grumbling.”</p> - -<p>“How now!” said Prospero. “You do not recollect what a -torment I freed you from. Have you forgot the wicked witch -Sycorax, who with age and envy was almost bent double? Where -was she born? Speak; tell me.”</p> - -<p>“Sir, in Algiers,” said Ariel.</p> - -<p>“O was she so?” said Prospero. “I must recount what you -have been, which I find you do not remember. This bad witch, -Sycorax, for her witchcrafts, too terrible to enter human hearing, -was banished from Algiers, and here left by the sailors; and -because you were a spirit too delicate to execute her wicked commands, -she shut you up in a tree, where I found you howling. -This torment, remember, I did free you from.”</p> - -<p>“Pardon me, dear master,” said Ariel, ashamed to seem ungrateful; -“I will obey your commands.”</p> - -<p>“Do so,” said Prospero, “and I will set you free.” He then -gave orders what further he would have him do; and away went -Ariel, first to where he had left Ferdinand, and found him still -sitting on the grass in the same melancholy posture.</p> - -<p>“O my young gentleman,” said Ariel, when he saw him, “I will -soon move you. You must be brought, I find, for the Lady -Miranda to have a sight of your pretty person. Come, sir, follow -me.” He then began singing,</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Full fathom five thy father lies;</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Of his bones are coral made;</div> -<div class="verse">Those are pearls that were his eyes.</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Nothing of him that doth fade,</div> -<div class="verse">But doth suffer a sea-change</div> -<div class="verse">Into something rich and strange.</div> -<div class="verse">Sea-nymphs hourly ring his knell;</div> -<div class="verse">Hark! now I hear them,—Ding-dong, bell.”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>This strange news of his lost father soon roused the prince -from the stupid fit into which he had fallen. He followed in -amazement the sound of Ariel’s voice, till it led him to Prospero -and Miranda, who were sitting under the shade of a large tree.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span> -Now Miranda had never seen a man before, except her own -father.</p> - -<p>“Miranda,” said Prospero, “tell me what you are looking at -yonder.”</p> - -<p>“O father,” said Miranda, in a strange surprise, “surely that -is a spirit. Lord! how it looks about! Believe me, sir, it is a -beautiful creature. Is it not a spirit?”</p> - -<p>“No, girl,” answered her father; “it eats, and sleeps, and has -senses such as we have. This young man you see was in the ship. -He is somewhat <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref470">altered by grief</a>, or you might call him a handsome -person. He has lost his companions, and is wandering about to -find them.”</p> - -<p>Miranda, who thought all men had grave faces and gray -beards like her father, was delighted with the appearance of this -beautiful young prince; and Ferdinand, seeing such a lovely lady -in this desert place, and from the strange sounds he had heard, -expecting nothing but wonders, thought he was upon an enchanted -island, and that Miranda was the goddess of the place, and as -such he began to address her.</p> - -<p>She timidly answered, she was no goddess, but a simple maid, -and was going to give him an account of herself, when Prospero -interrupted her. He was well pleased to find they admired each -other, for he plainly perceived they had (as we say) fallen in -love at first sight; but to try Ferdinand’s constancy, he resolved -to throw some difficulties in their way; therefore advancing forward, -he addressed the prince with a stern air, telling him, he -came to the island as a spy, to take it from him who was the -lord of it. “Follow me,” said he, “I will tie you neck and feet -together. You shall drink sea-water; shell-fish, withered roots, -and husks of acorns shall be your food.” “No,” said Ferdinand, -“I will resist such entertainment, till I see a more powerful -enemy,” and drew his sword; but Prospero, waving his magic -wand, fixed him to the spot where he stood, so that he had no -power to move.</p> - -<p>Miranda hung upon her father, saying, “Why are you so -ungentle? Have pity, sir; I will be his surety. This is the second -man I ever saw, and to me he seems a true one.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Silence,” said the father; “one word more will make me chide -you, girl! What! an <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref471">advocate for an impostor</a>! You think there -are no more such fine men, having seen only him and Caliban. -I tell you, foolish girl, most men as far excel this, as he does -Caliban.” This he said to prove his daughter’s constancy; and -she replied, “My affections are most humble. I have no wish -to see a goodlier man.”</p> - -<p>“Come on, young man,” said Prospero to the Prince; “you -have no power to disobey me.”</p> - -<p>“I have not indeed,” answered Ferdinand; and not knowing -that it was by magic he was deprived of all <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref472">power of resistance</a>, -he was astonished to find himself so strangely compelled to follow -Prospero; looking back on Miranda as long as he could see -her, he said, as he went after Prospero into the cave, “My spirits -are all bound up, as if I were in a dream; but this man’s threats, -and the weakness which I feel, would seem light to me if from -my prison I might once a day behold this fair maid.”</p> - -<p>Prospero kept Ferdinand not long confined within the cell; he -soon brought out his prisoner, and <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref473">set him a severe task</a> to perform, -taking care to let his daughter know the hard labor he -had imposed on him, and then pretending to go into his study, he -secretly watched them both.</p> - -<p>Prospero had commanded Ferdinand to pile up some heavy -logs of wood. Kings’ sons not being much used to laborious work, -Miranda soon after found her lover almost dying with fatigue. -“Alas!” said she, “do not work so hard; my father is at his studies, -he is safe for these three hours; pray rest yourself.”</p> - -<p>“O my dear lady,” said Ferdinand, “I dare not. I must finish -my task before I take my rest.”</p> - -<p>“If you will sit down,” said Miranda, “I will carry your logs -the while.” But this Ferdinand would by no means agree to. -Instead of a help Miranda <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref474">became a hindrance</a>, for they began -a long conversation, so that the business of log-carrying went -on very slowly.</p> - -<p>Prospero, who <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref475">had enjoined</a> Ferdinand this task merely as a -trial of his love, was not at his books, as his daughter supposed, -but was standing by them invisible, to overhear what they said.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span></p> - -<p>Ferdinand inquired her name, which she told, saying it was -against her father’s express command she did so.</p> - -<p>Prospero only smiled at this first instance of his daughter’s -disobedience, for having by his magic art caused his daughter -to fall in love so suddenly, he was not angry that she showed -her love by forgetting to obey his commands. And he listened -well pleased to a long speech of Ferdinand’s, in which he professed -to love her above all the ladies he ever saw.</p> - -<p>In answer to his praises of her beauty, which he said exceeded -all the women in the world, she replied, “I do not remember the -face of any woman, nor have I seen any more men than you, my -good friend, and my dear father. How features are abroad, I -know not; but, believe me, sir, I would not wish any companion -in the world but you, nor can my imagination form any shape -but yours that I could like. But, sir, I fear I talk to you too -freely, and my <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref476">father’s precepts</a> I forget.”</p> - -<p>At this Prospero smiled, and nodded his head, as much as to -say, “This goes on exactly as I could wish; my girl will be Queen -of Naples.”</p> - -<p>And then Ferdinand, in another fine long speech (for young -princes speak in courtly phrases), told the innocent Miranda he -was heir to the crown of Naples, and that she should be his -Queen.</p> - -<p>“Ah! sir,” said she, “I am a fool to weep at what I am glad -of. I will answer you in plain and holy innocence. I am your -wife if you will marry me.”</p> - -<p>Prospero prevented Ferdinand’s thanks by appearing visible -before them.</p> - -<p>“Fear nothing, my child,” said he; “I have overheard, and -so approve of all you have said. And, Ferdinand, if I have too -severely used you, I will make you rich amends, by giving you -my daughter. All your vexations were but trials of your love, -and you have nobly stood the test. Then as my gift, which -your true love has worthily purchased, take my daughter, and -do not smile that I boast she is above all praise.” He then, -telling them that he had business which required his presence, -desired they would sit down and talk together till he returned;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span> -and this command Miranda seemed not at all disposed to -disobey.</p> - -<p>When Prospero left them, he called his spirit Ariel, who -quickly appeared before him, eager to relate what he had done -with Prospero’s brother and the King of Naples. Ariel said he -had left them almost out of their senses with fear, at the strange -things he had caused them to see and hear. When fatigued with -wandering about, and famished for want of food, he had suddenly -set before them a delicious banquet, and then, just as they were -going to eat, he appeared visible before them in the shape of -a harpy, a voracious monster with wings, and the feast vanished -away. Then, to their utter amazement, this seeming harpy spoke -to them, reminding them of their cruelty in driving Prospero from -his dukedom, and leaving him and his infant daughter to perish -in the sea; saying, that for this cause these terrors were suffered -to afflict them.</p> - -<p>The King of Naples, and Antonio, the false brother, repented -the injustice they had done to Prospero; and Ariel told his master -he was certain their <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref477">penitence was sincere</a>, and that he, though a -spirit, could not but pity them.</p> - -<p>“Then bring them hither, Ariel,” said Prospero; “if you, who -are but a spirit, feel for their distress, shall not I, who am a human -being like themselves, <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref478">have compassion</a> on them? Bring them, -quickly, my dainty Ariel.”</p> - -<p>Ariel soon returned with the King, Antonio, and old Gonzalo -in their train, who had followed him, wondering at the wild music -he played in the air to draw them on to his master’s presence. -This Gonzalo was the same who had so kindly provided Prospero -formerly with books and provisions, when his wicked brother -left him, as he thought, to perish in an open boat in the sea.</p> - -<p>Grief and terror had so <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref479">stupefied their senses</a>, that they did -not know Prospero. He first discovered himself to the good old -Gonzalo, calling him the preserver of his life; and then his brother -and the King knew that he was the injured Prospero.</p> - -<p>Antonio with tears, and sad words of sorrow and true repentance, -implored his brother’s forgiveness, and the King expressed -his sincere remorse for having assisted Antonio to depose his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span> -brother; and Prospero forgave them; and, upon their <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref480">engaging to -restore</a> his dukedom, he said to the King of Naples, “I have a gift -in store for you, too”; and opening a door, showed him his son -Ferdinand playing at chess with Miranda.</p> - -<p>Nothing could exceed the joy of the father and the son at this -unexpected meeting, for they each thought the other drowned in -the storm.</p> - -<p>“O wonder!” said Miranda, “what noble creatures these are! -It must surely be a brave world that has such people in it.”</p> - -<p>The King of Naples was almost as much astonished at the -beauty and excellent graces of the young Miranda, as his son -had been. “Who is this maid?” said he; “she seems the goddess -that has parted us, and brought us thus together.” “No, sir,” -answered Ferdinand, smiling to find his father had fallen into the -same mistake that he had done when he first saw Miranda, “she -is a mortal, but by immortal Providence she is mine; I chose her -when I could not ask you, my father, for your consent, not thinking -you were alive. She is the daughter to this Prospero, who is -the famous duke of Milan, of whose renown I have heard so -much, but never saw him till now; of him I have received a new -life: he has made himself to me a second father, giving me this -dear lady.”</p> - -<p>“Then I must be her father,” said the King; “but oh! how -oddly will it sound, that I must ask my child forgiveness.”</p> - -<p>“No more of that,” said Prospero; “let us not remember our -troubles past, since they so happily have ended.” And then Prospero -embraced his brother, and again assured him of his forgiveness; -and said that a wise over-ruling Providence had permitted -that he should be driven from his poor dukedom of Milan, -that his daughter might inherit the crown of Naples, for that by -their meeting in this desert island, it had happened that the King’s -son had loved Miranda.</p> - -<p>These kind words which Prospero spoke, meaning to comfort -his brother, so filled Antonio with shame and remorse, that he -wept and was unable to speak; and the kind old Gonzalo wept to -see this joyful reconciliation, and prayed for blessings on the -young couple.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span></p> - -<p>Prospero now told them that their ship was safe in the harbor, -and the sailors all on board her, and that he and his daughter -would accompany them home the next morning. “In the -meantime,” says he, “partake of such refreshments as my poor -cave affords; and for your evening’s entertainment I will relate -the history of my life from my first landing in this desert island.” -He then called for Caliban to prepare some food, and set the cave -in order; and the company were astonished at the <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref481">uncouth form</a> -and savage appearance of this ugly monster, who (Prospero said) -was the only attendant he had to wait upon him.</p> - -<p>Before Prospero left the island, he dismissed Ariel from his -service, to the great joy of that lively little spirit; who, though -he had been a faithful servant to his master, was always longing -to enjoy his free liberty, to wander uncontrolled in the air, like -a wild bird, under green trees, among pleasant fruits, and sweet-smelling -flowers. “My quaint Ariel,” said Prospero to the little -sprite when he made him free, “I shall miss you; yet you shall -have your freedom.” “Thank you, my dear master,” said Ariel; -“but give me leave to attend your ship home with <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref482">prosperous -gales</a>, before you bid farewell to the assistance of your faithful -spirit; and then, master, when I am free, how merrily I shall -live!” Here Ariel sang this pretty song:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">“Where the bee sucks, there suck I;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In a cowslip’s bell I lie;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">There I crouch when owls do cry.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">On the bat’s back I do fly</div> -<div class="verse indent1">After summer merrily.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Merrily, merrily shall I live now</div> -<div class="verse">Under the blossom that hangs on the bough.”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>Prospero then buried deep in the earth his magical books and -wand, for he was resolved never more to make use of the magic -art. And having thus overcome his enemies, and being reconciled -to his brother and the King of Naples, nothing now remained to -complete his happiness, but to revisit his native land, to take -possession of his dukedom, and to witness the <a href="#phrases42" title="List of phrases" id="ref483">happy nuptials</a> of -his daughter and Prince Ferdinand, which the King said should -be instantly celebrated with great splendor on their return to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span> -Naples. At which place, under the safe convoy of the spirit -Ariel, they, after a pleasant voyage, soon arrived.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_274">see Page 274</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Make a list of the characters mentioned in the story. -2. Which are the principal characters? 3. What was Prospero’s purpose in -raising a violent storm? 4. What tells you that it is a magic storm? 5. Tell -the story that Prospero told his daughter. 6. Why is Miranda made to -sleep? 7. What is the purpose of Ariel’s song? 8. Compare the “love at -first sight” of Miranda and Ferdinand with that of Orlando and Rosalind in -“As You Like It.” 9. Tell the story of the reconciliation of Antonio and -Prospero. 10. Repeat from memory Ariel’s farewell song. 11. Which of the -characters do you like best? Why? 12. Mention humorous incidents in the -story. 13. What is the aptness of the song “Blow, Blow, Thou Winter Wind”? -<a href="#Page_84">See page 84</a> in this book. 14. In a few brief sentences tell the plot of the -story. 15. Pronounce the following: mischievous; heir; uncouth.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases42"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref462">much affected by learned men, 275, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref463">refused to execute, 275, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref464">owed him a grudge, 276, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref465">such-like vexatious tricks, 276, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref466">worldly ends, 277, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref467">dedicate my whole time, 277, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref468">holding converse, 278, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref469">lamenting the loss, 278, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref470">altered by grief, 280, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref471">advocate for an impostor, 281, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref472">power of resistance, 281, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref473">set him a severe task, 281, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref474">became a hindrance, 281, 32</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref475">had enjoined, 281, 35</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref476">father’s precepts, 282, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref477">penitence was sincere, 283, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref478">have compassion, 283, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref479">stupefied their senses, 283, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref480">engaging to restore, 284, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref481">uncouth form, 285, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref482">prosperous gales, 285, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref483">happy nuptials, 285, 35</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span></p> - -<h2 id="PART_III">PART III<br /> -<span class="smaller">IDEALS AND HEROES OF FREEDOM</span></h2> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><i>“When a deed is done for Freedom, through the broad earth’s aching breast</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>Runs a thrill of joy prophetic, trembling on from east to west.”</i></div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse right">—James Russell Lowell.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 325px;"> -<img src="images/illus5.jpg" width="325" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption-cp">Copyright by M. G. Abbey (from a Copley Print, copyright by Curtis & Cameron, Boston)</p> -<p class="caption">THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE</p> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="III_INTRO">IDEALS AND HEROES OF FREEDOM<br /> -<span class="smaller">INTRODUCTION</span></h3> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We must be free or die, who speak the tongue</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That Shakespeare spake; the faith and morals hold</div> -<div class="verse">Which Milton held. In everything we are sprung</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Of Earth’s first blood, have titles manifold.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse right">—Wordsworth.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>These lines remind us of the great inheritance, not alone of -Englishmen but of all who speak the English tongue, whether -they live in the United States or England, in Canada or in -Australia. This inheritance is due to the fact that English-speaking -peoples govern themselves, that they were the first to -invent the means by which free government became possible. -It sometimes seems a simple thing, very much a matter of course, -that in America the rulers are all the people, who adopt the laws -they desire; who submit to rules of life because they themselves -think these rules to be wise, not because they are compelled to -submit through the will of an emperor. But in reality this free -government, this democracy, has grown very slowly, through -centuries. It is an inheritance of freedom.</p> - -<p>The story of this inheritance is filled with deeds of heroes. -These heroes lived and died, not to win glory for themselves, but -to win freedom for their fellows. Sometimes they were English -barons, daring to defy a wicked king, and forcing him to sign a -Great Charter that gave them a share in the government. Sometimes -they were the peasants seeking the right to live more comfortably. -Sometimes they were statesmen who secured for Parliament -the right to levy taxes and to be consulted about the -way England was to be ruled, and the right to drive a selfish -tyrant from the throne. And sometimes they were the farmers -and village men forming in battle line at Lexington and Concord. -It is a long story that you will read, in many places, not all of -it at one time; but little by little you will come to see what -meaning lies in the simple words “our inheritance of freedom,” -and then you will be ready to give your time, and if need be,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span> -your life, to keep this inheritance and to hand it on to those who -will speak the English tongue when you are dead.</p> - -<p>Only a few bits of the story can be given here. You will -read something about Scotland’s struggle for the right to be -governed by her own people, not by the tyrannical kings who -then ruled England and who looked upon Scotland as a mere -province fit only to supply money for their selfish desires. Next -you will read several selections which show that the tyranny -against which Wallace and Bruce fought, like the tyranny against -which Warren and Washington and Patrick Henry fought, did not -spring from the English spirit, but from kings who tried to keep -even Englishmen in slavery. It is all one story—at one time the -action takes place in Scotland, at another in England, at still -another time in America; but the story is the story of our -inheritance of freedom.</p> - -<p>“We must be free or die”—these words express the spirit of -all who speak the English tongue. The stories of Wallace and -Bruce tell it. The story of the last fight of the <i>Revenge</i> tells -it—a story written by the man who first began to plant English -colonies in America, and who helped defend England against -the tyranny which King Philip of Spain tried to establish. The -stories of the Gray Champion, and of Warren at Bunker Hill, -and of Patrick Henry of Virginia, and of Washington and Marion, -are also a part of the great story of our inheritance of freedom.</p> - -<p>You should keep this always in mind: the heroes who made -good the Declaration of Independence and set up a new and freer -government in America were men whose ideals of freedom came to -them from England. They did not fight against the English -<em>people</em>. Their spirit was also the fundamental English spirit. -Many of the greatest Englishmen of that period used every effort -to win fair treatment for the colonies, sympathized with their -struggle for independence and rejoiced when at last George III and -his ministers were told that America would no longer submit to -oppression.</p> - -<p>One of the greatest of these Englishmen was Edmund Burke, -who lived in the time of George III and took the part of the colonies -in their struggle against the King’s tyranny. He worked for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span> -the repeal of the taxation laws that so offended the Americans. -He made many speeches in Parliament and elsewhere pleading -with Englishmen not to drive their fellow Englishmen into civil -war. And when at last war came, Burke still sought to bring -about reconciliation. He wrote the King a letter in which he -said that the British government was not representing the British -spirit of freedom in its dealings with the colonies. He wrote a -letter to the colonies in which he begged them not to believe that -they were at war with England. “Do not think,” he said, “that -the whole or even the majority of Englishmen in the island are -enemies to their own blood on the American continent.” And -a little later he said, “But still a large, and we trust the largest -and soundest part of this kingdom perseveres in the most perfect -unity of sentiments, principles, and affections with you. <em>It -spreads out a large and liberal platform of common liberty upon -which we may all unite forever.</em>” The whole matter he sums up -by saying that the spirit of England loves not conquest or vast -empire for the sake of wealth, but “this is the peculiar glory of -England: those who have and who hold to that foundation of common -liberty, whether on this or on your side of the ocean, we -consider as the true, and the only true, Englishmen.”</p> - -<p>All Americans need to remember these words written by a great -friend of the colonies during the Revolutionary War, a man who -also explained more clearly and more eloquently than any other -Englishman in any time the principles on which our inheritance -of freedom rests. His interest in the American cause was not -merely the interest of a sympathetic friend; over and over again -he pointed out that the colonies, and not the King’s ministry, -represented the true English spirit. To him the mode of self-government -set up in Massachusetts and Virginia represented -the very ideal for which patriotic Englishmen had struggled for -centuries. The British parliament, in Burke’s time, was not -made up of representatives from all the population; only a small -part of the population could vote, and many districts had no -representation at all. Complete control of the government by -the people was what Burke and thousands of other Englishmen -had been trying to win. In America such a form of popular<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[292]</a></span> -government had developed freely, because the British King paid -little attention to the colonies until they became wealthy enough -to be a source of riches. It was this fact that made the American -revolution not merely a war for the establishment of a new -nation, but quite as much a war for the development of free -government in England itself. Burke realized this fact, and -expressed it by saying, “We view the establishment of the English -colonies on principles of liberty as that which is to render -this kingdom venerable to future ages.”</p> - -<p>The prophecy has been fulfilled. Britain still has a king, but he -is king in name only; the real power rests in the people. The -struggle in which the American colonists bore a part has resulted -not only in a free America, but also in a free England and in freedom -for the great dominions—Canada, Australia, and New Zealand—which -have much the same form of government. The -inheritance of freedom belongs to all English-speaking peoples, -and the spread of these ideals means freedom for the world.</p> - -<p>These ideals center around the brotherhood of man. In our -Revolutionary period Robert Burns sang of the coming of a time -when these ideals should be acknowledged:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“It’s coming yet, for a’ that,</div> -<div class="verse">That man to man, the world o’er,</div> -<div class="verse">Shall brothers be, for a’ that.”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>Long before the time of Burns, John Milton, a great poet, -who worked throughout his life for freedom, and who held the -same ideals as those held by the founders of Plymouth Colony, -wrote of the same thing: “Who knows not that there is a mutual -bond of brotherhood between man and man over all the world?”</p> - -<p>The recent war has brought England and America together -once more, as defenders of the right of all people to self-government. -For English ideals, planted on American soil, victorious -over the tyranny of George III and his ministry, have -not only found their most complete development in our America, -but have given the vision of liberty to all men. Thus we are -able to understand what President Wilson meant when he said, -“And the heart of America shall interpret the heart of the world.”</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="SCOTLANDS_STRUGGLE_FOR_INDEPENDENCE">SCOTLAND’S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header9.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>TALES OF A GRANDFATHER</h4> - -<p class="author">SIR WALTER SCOTT</p> - -<h5><span class="smcap">The Story of Sir William Wallace (1296-1305)</span></h5> - -<p>William Wallace was none of the high nobles of Scotland, but -the son of a private gentleman, called Wallace of Ellerslie, in -Renfrewshire, near Paisley. He was very tall and handsome, -and one of the strongest and bravest men that ever lived. He -had a very fine countenance, with a quantity of fair hair, and -was <a href="#phrases43" title="List of phrases" id="ref484">particularly dexterous</a> in the use of all weapons which were -then employed in battle. Wallace, like all Scotsmen of high -spirit, had looked with great indignation upon the <a href="#phrases43" title="List of phrases" id="ref485">usurpation of -the crown</a> by Edward, and upon the insolences which the English -soldiers committed on his countrymen. It is said, that when he -was very young, he went a-fishing for sport in the river of Irvine, -near Ayr. He had caught a good many trout, which were carried -by a boy, who attended him with a fishing-basket, as is usual -with anglers. Two or three English soldiers, who belonged to the -garrison of Ayr, came up to Wallace, and insisted, with their -<a href="#phrases43" title="List of phrases" id="ref486">usual insolence</a>, on taking the fish from the boy. Wallace was -contented to allow them a part of the trout, but he refused to -part with the whole basketful. The soldiers insisted, and from -words came to blows. Wallace had no better weapon than the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span> -butt-end of his fishing rod; but he struck the foremost of the Englishmen -so hard under the ear with it that he killed him on the -spot; and getting possession of the slain man’s sword, he fought -with so much fury that he put the others to flight, and brought -home his fish safe and sound. The English governor of Ayr -sought for him, to punish him with death for this action; but -Wallace lay concealed among the hills and great woods till the -matter was forgotten.</p> - -<p>But the action which occasioned his finally rising in arms is -believed to have happened in the town of Lanark. Wallace was -at this time married to a lady of that place, and residing there -with his wife. It chanced, as he walked in the market-place, -dressed in a green garment, with a rich dagger by his side, that -an Englishman came up and insulted him on account of his -finery, saying a Scotsman had no business to wear so gay a dress, -or carry so handsome a weapon. It soon came to a quarrel, and -Wallace, having killed the Englishman, fled to his own house -which was speedily assaulted by all the English soldiers. While -they were endeavoring to force their way in at the front of the -house, Wallace escaped by a back door, and got in safety to a -rugged and rocky glen, near Lanark, called the Cartland Crags, -all covered with bushes and trees, and full of high precipices, -where he knew he should be safe from the pursuit of the English -soldiers. In the meantime the governor of Lanark, whose name -was Hazelrigg, burned Wallace’s house and put his wife and -servants to death; and by committing this cruelty, increased to -the highest pitch, as you may well believe, the hatred which the -champion had always borne against the English usurper. Hazelrigg -also proclaimed Wallace an outlaw, and offered a reward to -any one who should bring him to an English garrison, alive or -dead.</p> - -<p>On the other hand, Wallace soon collected a body of men, outlawed -like himself, or willing to become so, rather than any -longer endure the oppression of the English. One of his earliest -expeditions was directed against Hazelrigg, whom he killed, and -thus avenged the death of his wife. He fought skirmishes with -the soldiers who were sent against him, and often defeated them;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span> -and in time became so well known and so formidable, that multitudes -began to <a href="#phrases43" title="List of phrases" id="ref487">resort to his standard</a>, until at length he was at -the head of a considerable army, with which he proposed to -restore his country to independence.</p> - -<p>Thus Wallace’s party grew daily stronger and stronger, and -many of the Scottish nobles joined with him. Among these was -Sir William Douglas, the Lord of Douglasdale, and the head of -a great family often mentioned in Scottish history. There was -also Sir John the Grahame, who became Wallace’s bosom friend -and greatest confidant. Many of these great noblemen, however, -deserted the cause of the country on the approach of John de -Warenne, Earl of Surrey, the English governor, at the head of a -numerous and well-appointed army. They thought that Wallace -would be unable to withstand the attack of so many disciplined -soldiers and hastened to submit themselves to the English, for -fear of losing their estates. Wallace, however, remained undismayed, -and at the head of a considerable army. He had taken -up his camp upon the northern side of the river Forth, near the -town of Stirling. The river was there crossed by a long wooden -bridge, about a mile above the spot where the present bridge is -situated.</p> - -<p>The English general approached the banks of the river on the -southern side. He sent two clergymen to offer a pardon to Wallace -and his followers, on condition that they should lay down -their arms. But such was not the purpose of the <a href="#phrases43" title="List of phrases" id="ref488">high-minded -champion</a> of Scotland.</p> - -<p>“Go back to Warenne,” said Wallace, “and tell him we value -not the pardon of the King of England. We are not here for the -purpose of treating for peace, but of abiding battle, and restoring -freedom to our country. Let the English come on; we defy -them to their very beards!”</p> - -<p>The English, upon hearing this haughty answer, called loudly -to be led to the attack. The Earl of Surrey hesitated, for he was -a skillful soldier, and he saw that to approach the Scottish army, -his troops must pass over the long, narrow, wooden bridge; so -that those who should get over first might be attacked by Wallace -with all his forces, before those who remained behind could possibly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span> -come to their assistance. He therefore inclined to delay -the battle. But Cressingham the Treasurer, who was ignorant -and presumptuous, insisted that it was their duty to fight and -put an end to the war at once; and Surrey gave way to his opinion, -although Cressingham, being a churchman, could not be so -good a judge of what was fitting as he himself, an experienced -officer.</p> - -<p>The English army began to cross the bridge, Cressingham -leading the van, or foremost division of the army; for, in those -military days, even clergymen wore armor and fought in battle. -That took place which Surrey had foreseen. Wallace suffered a -considerable part of the English army to pass the bridge, without -offering any opposition; but when about one-half were over, and -the bridge was crowded with those who were following, he charged -those who had crossed, with his whole strength, slew a very great -number, and drove the rest into the river Forth, where the greater -part were drowned. The remainder of the English army, who -were left on the southern bank of the river, fled in great confusion, -having first set fire to the wooden bridge, that the Scots might -not pursue them. Cressingham was killed in the very beginning -of the battle.</p> - -<p>The remains of Surrey’s great army fled out of Scotland after -this defeat, and the Scots, taking arms on all sides, attacked the -castles in which the English soldiers continued to shelter themselves, -and took most of them by force or stratagem. Many wonderful -stories are told of Wallace’s exploits on these occasions, -some of which are no doubt true, while others are either invented -or very much exaggerated. It seems certain, however, that he -defeated the English in several combats, chased them almost -entirely out of Scotland, regained the towns and castles of which -they had possessed themselves, and recovered for a time the -complete freedom of the country.</p> - -<p>Edward I was in Flanders when all these events took place. -You may suppose he was very angry when he learned that Scotland, -which he thought completely subdued, had risen into a great -insurrection against him, defeated his armies, killed his Treasurer, -chased his soldiers out of their country, and invaded England with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span> -a great force. He came back from Flanders in a mighty rage, -and determined not to leave that rebellious country until it was -finally conquered, for which purpose he assembled a very fine -army and marched into Scotland.</p> - -<p>In the meantime the Scots prepared to defend themselves, and -chose Wallace to be Governor, or Protector, of the kingdom, because -they had no king at the time. He was now titled Sir William -Wallace, Protector, or Governor, of the Scottish nation. -But although Wallace, as we have seen, was the best soldier and -bravest man in Scotland, and therefore the most fit to be placed -in command at this critical period, when the King of England was -coming against them with such great forces, yet the nobles of -Scotland envied him this important situation, because he was not -a man born in high rank, or enjoying a large estate. So great -was their jealousy of Sir William Wallace, that many of these -great barons did not seem very willing to bring forward their -forces, or fight against the English, because they would not have -a man of inferior condition to be general. Yet, notwithstanding -this unwillingness of the great nobility to support him, Wallace -assembled a large army; for the middling, but especially the lower -classes, were very much attached to him. He marched boldly -against the King of England, and met him near the town of Falkirk. -Most of the Scottish army were on foot, because, as I -already told you, in those days only the nobility and great men -of Scotland fought on horseback. The English King, on the contrary, -had a very large body of the finest cavalry in the world, -Normans and English, all clothed in complete armor. He had -also the celebrated archers of England, each of whom was said to -carry twelve Scotsmen’s lives under his girdle; because every -archer had twelve arrows stuck in his belt, and was expected to -kill a man with every arrow.</p> - -<p>The Scots had some good archers from the Forest of Ettrick, -who fought under command of Sir John Stewart of Bonkill; -but they were not nearly equal in number to the English. The -greater part of the Scottish army were on foot, armed with long -spears; they were placed thick and close together, and laid -all their spears so close, point over point, that it seemed as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[298]</a></span> -difficult to break through them, as through the wall of a strong -castle.</p> - -<p>The English made the attack. King Edward, though he saw -the close ranks, and <a href="#phrases43" title="List of phrases" id="ref489">undaunted appearance</a>, of the Scottish infantry, -resolved nevertheless to try whether he could not ride -them down with his fine cavalry. He therefore gave his horsemen -orders to advance. They charged accordingly at full gallop.</p> - -<p>The first line of cavalry was commanded by the Earl Marshal -of England, whose progress was checked by a morass. The second -line of English horse was commanded by Antony Beck, the -Bishop of Durham, who nevertheless wore armor and fought -like a lay baron. He wheeled round the morass; but when he saw -the deep and firm order of the Scots, his heart failed, and he proposed -to Sir Ralph Basset of Drayton, who commanded under -him, to halt till Edward himself brought up the reserve. “Go say -your mass, Bishop,” answered Basset contemptuously, and advanced -at full gallop with the second line. However, the Scots -stood their ground with their long spears; many of the foremost -of the English horses were thrown down, and the riders were killed -as they lay rolling, unable to rise, owing to the weight of their -heavy armor. The English cavalry attempted again and again -to disperse the deep and solid ranks in which Wallace had stationed -his foot soldiers. But they were repeatedly beaten off with -loss, nor could they make their way through that wood of spears, -as it is called by one of the English historians. King Edward -then commanded his archers to advance; and these approaching -within arrow-shot of the Scottish ranks, poured on them such close -and dreadful <a href="#phrases43" title="List of phrases" id="ref490">volleys of arrows</a>, that it was impossible to sustain -the discharge. It happened at the same time, that Sir John Stewart -was killed by a fall from his horse; and the archers of Ettrick -Forest, whom he was bringing forward to oppose those of King -Edward, were slain in great numbers around him. Their bodies -were afterward distinguished among the slain, as being the tallest -and handsomest men of the army.</p> - -<p>The Scottish spearmen being thus thrown into some degree of -confusion, by the loss of those who were slain by the arrows of -the English, the heavy cavalry of Edward again charged with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></span> -more success than formerly, and broke through the ranks, which -were already disordered. Sir John Grahame, Wallace’s great -friend and companion, was slain, with many other brave soldiers; -and the Scots, having lost a very great number of men, were at -length obliged to take to flight.</p> - -<p>The King of England possessed so much wealth, and so many -means of raising soldiers, that he sent army after army into the -poor oppressed country of Scotland, and obliged all its nobles and -great men, one after another, to submit themselves once more to -his yoke. Sir William Wallace, alone, or with a very small band -of followers, refused either to acknowledge the usurper Edward, -or to lay down his arms. He continued to maintain himself -among the woods and mountains of his native country for no less -than seven years after his defeat at Falkirk, and for more than -one year after all the other defenders of Scottish liberty had laid -down their arms. Many proclamations were sent out against him -by the English, and a great reward was set upon his head; for -Edward did not think he could have any secure possession of his -usurped kingdom of Scotland while Wallace lived. At length he -was taken prisoner; and, shame it to say, a Scotsman called Sir -John Monteith was the person by whom he was seized and delivered -to the English.</p> - -<p>Edward, having thus obtained possession of the person whom -he considered as the greatest obstacle to his complete conquest of -Scotland, resolved to make Wallace an example to all Scottish -patriots who should in future venture to oppose his <a href="#phrases43" title="List of phrases" id="ref491">ambitious -projects</a>. He caused this gallant defender of his country to be -brought to trial in Westminster Hall, before the English judges, -and produced him there, crowned in mockery, with a green garland, -because they said he had been king of outlaws and robbers -among the Scottish woods. Wallace was accused of having been -a traitor to the English crown; to which he answered, “I could -not be a traitor to Edward, for I was never his subject.” He -was then charged with having taken and burned towns and castles, -with having killed many men and done much violence. He replied, -with the same calm resolution, that it was true he had -killed many Englishmen, but it was because they had come to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[300]</a></span> -subdue and oppress his native country of Scotland; and far from -repenting what he had done, he declared he was only sorry that -he had not put to death many more of them.</p> - -<p>Notwithstanding that Wallace’s defense was a good one, both -in law and in common sense (for surely every one has not only -a right to fight in defense of his native country, but is bound in -duty to do so), the English judges condemned him to be executed.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Walter Scott (1771-1832) was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. -Even in his childhood he loved nothing better than to wander through -Scotland, looking up castles and ruins and listening to the stories connected -with them as told by the old people of the villages. He became familiar -with all the ballads and legends of his locality, and these, with Bishop -Percy’s collection of ballads which he read later, exerted a strong influence -on his life. He loved the history and romance of Scotland and made them -known to all the world through his poems and novels.</p> - -<p>In 1827 he published the <cite>Tales of a Grandfather</cite>, because, as he writes -in his diary, the good thought came to him to write stories from the history -of Scotland for his grandson, John Hugh Lockhart, whom he calls Hugh -Littlejohn. “Children hate books which are written down to their capacity, -and love those that are composed more for their elders. I will,” he says, -“make, if possible, a book that a child shall understand, yet a man will feel -some temptation to peruse should he chance to take it up.”</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. This story relates five episodes in the life of William -Wallace: The Basket of Fish; The Green Garment; The Wooden Bridge -at Stirling Town; A Wood of Spears; The Trial in Westminster Hall. -Relate the episode that seems most vivid to you. 2. Read three speeches -that show clearly the character of William Wallace. 3. Would you have -joined Wallace if you had been a Scottish nobleman? 4. Why did many of -the nobles refuse to join Wallace? 5. Describe the Scottish infantry and -archers, and the English cavalry and archers at Falkirk. 6. What is your -opinion of Sir John Monteith? 7. Locate on your map: Ayr; Lanark; Clyde -River; Stirling; Falkirk; Edinburgh; Northumberland; London. 8. Pronounce -the following: usurpation; formidable; stratagem; exploits; undaunted; -morass.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases43"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref484">particularly dexterous, 293, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref485">usurpation of the crown, 293, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref486">usual insolence, 293, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref487">resort to his standard, 295, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref488">high-minded champion, 295, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref489">undaunted appearance, 298, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref490">volleys of arrows, 298, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref491">ambitious projects, 299, 26</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[301]</a></span></p> - -<h5><span class="smcap">Robert the Bruce (1305-1313)</span></h5> - -<p>Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick, and John Comyn, usually -called the Red Comyn, two great and powerful barons, had taken -part with Sir William Wallace in the wars against England; but, -after the defeat of Falkirk, being fearful of losing their great -estates, and considering the freedom of Scotland as beyond the -possibility of being recovered, both Bruce and Comyn had not -only submitted themselves to Edward, and acknowledged his title -as King of Scotland, but even borne arms, along with the English, -against such of their countrymen as still continued to <a href="#phrases44" title="List of phrases" id="ref492">resist the -usurper</a>. But the feelings of Bruce concerning the <a href="#phrases44" title="List of phrases" id="ref493">baseness of -this conduct</a> are said, by the old tradition of Scotland, to have -been awakened by the following incident. In one of the numerous -battles, or skirmishes, which took place at the time between -the English and their adherents on the one side, and the insurgent, -or patriotic, Scots upon the other, Robert the Bruce was present, -and assisted the English to gain the victory. After the battle -was over, he sat down to dinner among his southern friends and -allies, without washing his hands, on which there still remained -spots of the blood which he had shed during the action. The English -lords, observing this, whispered to each other in mockery, -“Look at that Scotsman, who is eating his own blood!” Bruce -heard what they said, and began to reflect that the blood upon -his hands might be indeed called his own, since it was that of his -brave countrymen who were fighting for the independence of -Scotland, whilst he was assisting its oppressors, who only laughed -at and mocked him for his unnatural conduct. He was so much -shocked and disgusted, that he arose from table, and, going into -a neighboring chapel, shed many tears, and asking pardon of -God for the great crime he had been guilty of, made a solemn -vow that he would atone for it, by doing all in his power to deliver -Scotland from the <a href="#phrases44" title="List of phrases" id="ref494">foreign yoke</a>. Accordingly, he left, it is said, -the English army, and never joined it again, but remained watching -an opportunity for restoring the freedom of his country.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[302]</a></span></p> - -<p>Now, this Robert the Bruce was a remarkably brave and -strong man; there was no man in Scotland that was thought a -match for him except Sir William Wallace; and now that Wallace -was dead, Bruce was held the best warrior in Scotland. He was -very wise and prudent, and an excellent general. He was generous, -too, and courteous by nature; but he had some faults, which -perhaps belonged as much to the fierce period in which he lived -as to his own character. He was rash and passionate, and in his -passion, he was sometimes relentless and cruel.</p> - -<p>Robert the Bruce had fixed his purpose, as I told you, to -attempt once again to drive the English out of Scotland, and he -desired to prevail upon Sir John the Red Comyn, who was his -rival in his pretensions to the throne, to join with him in expelling -the foreign enemy by their common efforts. With this purpose, -Bruce posted <a href="#phrases44" title="List of phrases" id="ref495">down from London</a> to Dumfries, on the borders -of Scotland, and requested an interview with John Comyn. They -met in the <a href="#phrases44" title="List of phrases" id="ref496">church of the Minorites</a> in that town, before the high -altar. What passed betwixt them is not known with certainty; -but they quarreled, either concerning their <a href="#phrases44" title="List of phrases" id="ref497">mutual pretensions</a> -to the crown, or because Comyn refused to join Bruce in the proposed -insurrection against the English; or, as many writers say, -because Bruce charged Comyn with having betrayed to the English -his purpose of rising up against King Edward. It is, however, -certain, that these two haughty barons came to high and abusive -words, until at length Bruce, who I told you was extremely passionate, -forgot the sacred character of the place in which they -stood, and struck Comyn a blow with his dagger. Having done -this rash deed, he instantly ran out of the church and called for -his horse. Two gentlemen of the country, Lindesay and Kirkpatrick, -friends of Bruce, were then in attendance on him. Seeing -him pale, and in much agitation, they eagerly inquired what was -the matter.</p> - -<p>“I doubt,” said Bruce, “that I have slain the Red Comyn.”</p> - -<p>“Do you leave such a matter in doubt?” said Kirkpatrick. -“I will make sicker!”—that is, I will make certain.</p> - -<p>Accordingly, he and his companion Lindesay rushed into -the church, and made the matter certain with a vengeance,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></span> -by dispatching the wounded Comyn with their daggers. This -slaughter of Comyn was a most rash and cruel action; and the -historian of Bruce observes, that it was followed by the displeasure -of Heaven; for no man ever went through more misfortunes -than Robert Bruce, although he at length rose to great -honor.</p> - -<p>The commencement of Bruce’s undertaking was most disastrous. -He was crowned on the twenty-ninth of March, 1306. On -the nineteenth of June, the new King was completely defeated near -Methven by the English Earl of Pembroke. Robert’s horse was -killed under him in the action, and he was for a moment a prisoner. -But he had fallen into the power of a Scottish knight, who, -though he served in the English army, did not choose to be the -instrument of putting Bruce into their hands, and allowed him to -escape.</p> - -<p>Driven from one place in the Highlands to another, starved out -of some districts, and forced from others by the opposition of the -inhabitants, Bruce attempted to force his way into Lorn; but he -found enemies everywhere.</p> - -<p>At last dangers increased so much around the brave King -Robert, that he was obliged to separate himself from his Queen -and her ladies; for the winter was coming on, and it would be -impossible for the women to endure this wandering sort of life -when the frost and snow should set in. So Bruce left his Queen, -with the Countess of Buchan and others, in the only castle which -remained to him, which was called Kildrummie, and is situated -near the head of the river Don in Aberdeenshire. The King also -left his youngest brother, Nigel Bruce, to defend the castle against -the English; and he himself, with his second brother Edward, -who was a very brave man, but still more rash and passionate -than Robert himself, went over to an island called Rachrin, on -the coast of Ireland, where Bruce and the few men who followed -his fortunes passed the winter of 1306.</p> - -<p>The news of the taking of Kildrummie, the captivity of his -wife, and the execution of his brother, reached Bruce while he -was residing in a miserable dwelling at Rachrin, and reduced him -to the point of despair.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span></p> - -<p>It was about this time that an incident took place, which, -although it rests only on tradition in families of the name of -Bruce, is rendered probable by the manners of the times. After -receiving the last <a href="#phrases44" title="List of phrases" id="ref498">unpleasing intelligence</a> from Scotland, Bruce -was lying one morning on his wretched bed, and deliberating with -himself whether he had not better resign all thoughts of again -attempting to make good his right to the Scottish crown, and, dismissing -his followers, transport himself and his brothers to the -Holy Land, and spend the rest of his life in fighting against the -Saracens; by which he thought, perhaps, he might deserve the -forgiveness of Heaven for the great sin of stabbing Comyn in the -church at Dumfries. But then, on the other hand, he thought it -would be both criminal and cowardly to give up his attempts to -restore freedom to Scotland while there yet remained the least -chance of his being successful in an undertaking, which, rightly -considered, was much more his duty than to drive the infidels -out of Palestine.</p> - -<p>While he was divided betwixt these reflections, and doubtful -of what he should do, Bruce was looking upward to the roof of -the cabin in which he lay; and his eye was attracted by a spider, -which, hanging at the end of a long thread of its own spinning, was -endeavoring, as is the fashion of that creature, to swing itself -from one beam in the roof to another, for the purpose of fixing the -line on which it meant to stretch its web. The insect made the -attempt again and again without success; at length Bruce counted -that it had tried to carry its point six times, and been as often -unable to do so. It came into his head that he had himself fought -just six battles against the English and their allies, and that the -poor persevering spider was exactly in the same situation with -himself, having made as many trials and been as often disappointed -in what it aimed at. “Now,” thought Bruce, “as I have -no means of knowing what is best to be done, I will be guided by -the luck which shall attend this spider. If the insect shall make -another effort to fix its thread, and shall be successful, I will venture -a seventh time to try my fortune in Scotland; but if the spider -shall fail, I will go to the wars in Palestine, and never return to -my native country more.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[305]</a></span></p> - -<p>While Bruce was forming this resolution the spider made another -exertion with all the force it could muster, and fairly succeeded -in fastening its thread to the beam which it had so often -in vain attempted to reach. Bruce, seeing the success of the -spider, resolved to try his own fortune; and as he had never before -gained a victory, so he never afterwards sustained any considerable -or decisive check or defeat. I have often met with people -of the name of Bruce, so completely persuaded of the truth of this -story, that they would not on any account kill a spider, because -it was that insect which had shown the example of perseverance, -and given a signal of good luck to their great namesake.</p> - -<p>Having determined to renew his efforts to obtain possession -of Scotland, notwithstanding the smallness of the means which -he had for accomplishing so great a purpose, the Bruce removed -himself and his followers from Rachrin to the island of Arran, -which lies in the mouth of the Clyde. The King landed and inquired -of the first woman he met what armed men were in the -island. She returned for answer that there had arrived there -very lately a body of armed strangers, who had defeated an English -officer, the governor of the castle of Brathwick, had killed -him and most of his men, and were now amusing themselves with -hunting about the island. The King, having caused himself to be -guided to the woods which these strangers most frequented, there -blew his horn repeatedly. Now, the chief of the strangers who -had taken the castle was James Douglas, one of the best of Bruce’s -friends, and he was accompanied by some of the bravest of that -patriotic band. When he heard Robert Bruce’s horn, he knew the -sound well, and cried out that yonder was the King; he knew by -his manner of blowing. So he and his companions hastened to -meet King Robert, and there was great joy on both sides; whilst -at the same time they could not help weeping when they considered -their own forlorn condition, and the great loss that had -taken place among their friends since they had last parted. But -they were <a href="#phrases44" title="List of phrases" id="ref499">stout-hearted men</a>, and looked forward to freeing their -country in spite of all that had yet happened.</p> - -<p>When King Edward the First heard that Scotland was again -in arms against him, he marched down to the borders with many<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span> -threats of what he would do to avenge himself on Bruce and his -party, whom he called rebels.</p> - -<p>Other great lords besides Douglas were now exerting themselves -to attack and destroy the English. Amongst those was Sir -Thomas Randolph, whose mother was a sister of King Robert. -He had joined with the Bruce when he first took up arms. Afterwards -being made prisoner by the English, when the King was -defeated at Methven, Sir Thomas Randolph was obliged to join -the English to save his life. He remained so constant to them, -that he was in company with Aymer de Valence and John of -Lorn, when they forced the Bruce to disperse his little band; and -he followed the pursuit so close, that he made his uncle’s standard-bearer -prisoner and took his banner. Afterwards, however, he -was himself made prisoner, at a solitary house on Lyne-water, by -the good Lord James Douglas, who brought him captive to the -King. Robert reproached his nephew for having deserted his -cause; and Randolph, who was very hot-tempered, answered insolently, -and was sent by King Robert to prison. Shortly after, the -uncle and nephew were reconciled, and Sir Thomas Randolph, -created Earl of Murray by the King, was ever afterwards one of -Bruce’s best supporters. There was a sort of rivalry between -Douglas and him, which should do the boldest and most hazardous -actions. I will just mention one or two circumstances, which will -show you what awful dangers were to be encountered by these -brave men, in order to free Scotland from its enemies and invaders.</p> - -<p>While Robert Bruce was gradually getting possession of the -country, and driving out the English, Edinburgh, the principal -town of Scotland, remained, with its strong castle, in possession -of the invaders. Sir Thomas Randolph was extremely desirous -to gain this important place; but, as you well know, the castle is -situated on a very steep and lofty rock, so that it is difficult or -almost impossible even to get up to the foot of the walls, much -more to climb over them.</p> - -<p>So while Randolph was considering what was to be done, there -came to him a Scottish gentleman named Francis, who had joined -Bruce’s standard, and asked to speak with him in private. He -then told Randolph, that in his youth he had lived in the Castle<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[307]</a></span> -of Edinburgh, and that his father had then been keeper of the -fortress. It happened at that time that Francis was much in -love with a lady, who lived in a part of the town beneath the -castle, which is called the Grassmarket. Now, as he could not -get out of the castle by day to see her, he had practiced a way -of clambering by night down the castle rock on the south side, -and returning at his pleasure; when he came to the foot of the -wall, he made use of a ladder to get over it, as it was not very -high at that point, those who built it having trusted to the steepness -of the crag; and, for the same reason, no watch was placed -there. Francis had gone and come so frequently in this dangerous -manner, that, though it was now long ago, he told Randolph -he knew the road so well that he would undertake to guide a small -party of men by night to the bottom of the wall; and as they might -bring ladders with them, there would be no difficulty in scaling it. -The great risk was that of their being discovered by the watchmen -while in the act of ascending the cliff, in which case every -man of them must have perished.</p> - -<p>Nevertheless, Randolph did not hesitate to attempt the adventure. -He took with him only thirty men (you may be sure they -were chosen for activity and courage), and came one dark night -to the foot of the rock, which they began to ascend under the -guidance of Francis, who went before them, upon his hands and -feet, up one cliff, down another, and round another, where there -was scarce room to support themselves. All the while these -thirty men were obliged to follow in a line, one after the other, -by a path that was fitter for a cat than a man. The noise of a -stone falling, or a word spoken from one to another, would have -alarmed the watchmen. They were obliged, therefore, to move -with the greatest precaution. When they were far up the crag, -and near the foundation of the wall, they heard the guards going -their rounds, to see that all was safe in and about the castle. -Randolph and his party had nothing for it but to lie close and -quiet, each man under the crag, as he happened to be placed, and -trust that the guards would pass by without noticing them. And -while they were waiting in breathless alarm they got a new cause -of fright. One of the soldiers of the castle, willing to startle his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span> -comrades, suddenly threw a stone from the wall, and cried out, -“Aha, I see you well!” The stone came thundering down over the -heads of Randolph and his men, who naturally thought themselves -discovered. If they had stirred, or made the slightest noise, -they would have been entirely destroyed; for the soldiers above -might have killed every man of them merely by rolling down -stones. But being courageous and chosen men, they remained -quiet, and the English soldiers, who thought their comrade was -merely playing them a trick (as, indeed, he had no other meaning -in what he did and said), passed on without further examination.</p> - -<p>Then Randolph and his men got up and came in haste to the -foot of the wall, which was not above twice a man’s height in that -place. They planted the ladders they had brought, and Francis -mounted first to show them the way; Sir Andrew Grey, a brave -knight, followed him, and Randolph himself was the third man -who got over. Then the rest followed. When once they were -within the walls, there was not so much to do, for the garrison -were asleep and unarmed, excepting the watch, who were speedily -destroyed. Thus was Edinburgh Castle taken in March, 1312-13.</p> - -<p>It was not, however, only by the exertions of great and powerful -barons, like Randolph and Douglas, that the freedom of Scotland -was to be accomplished. The <a href="#phrases44" title="List of phrases" id="ref500">stout yeomanry</a> and the <a href="#phrases44" title="List of phrases" id="ref501">bold -peasantry</a> of the land, who were as desirous to enjoy their cottages -in honorable independence as the nobles were to reclaim -their castles and estates from the English, contributed their full -share in the efforts which were made to deliver the country from -the invaders. I will give you one instance among many.</p> - -<p>There was a strong castle near Linlithgow, or Lithgow, as the -word is more generally pronounced, where an English governor, -with a powerful garrison, lay in readiness to support the English -cause, and used to exercise much severity upon the Scots in the -neighborhood. There lived at no great distance from this stronghold, -a farmer, a bold and stout man, whose name was Binnock, -or, as it is now pronounced, Binning. This man saw with great -joy the progress which the Scots were making in recovering their -country from the English, and resolved to do something to help<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span> -his countrymen, by getting possession, if it were possible, of the -Castle of Lithgow. But the place was very strong, situated by -the side of a lake, defended not only by gates, which were usually -kept shut against strangers, but also by a portcullis. A portcullis -is a sort of door formed of cross-bars of iron, like a grate. It has -not hinges like a door, but is drawn up by pulleys, and let down -when any danger approaches. It may be let go in a moment, and -then falls down into the doorway; and as it has great iron spikes -at the bottom, it crushes all that it lights upon; thus in case of a -sudden alarm, a portcullis may be let suddenly fall to defend the -entrance, when it is not possible to shut the gates. Binnock knew -this very well, but he resolved to be provided against this risk -also when he attempted to surprise the castle. So he spoke with -some bold, courageous countrymen, and engaged them in his enterprise, -which he accomplished thus:</p> - -<p>Binnock had been accustomed to supply the garrison of Linlithgow -with hay, and he had been ordered by the English governor -to furnish some cart-loads, of which they were in want. He -promised to bring it accordingly; but the night before he drove the -hay to the castle, he stationed a party of his friends, as well armed -as possible, near the entrance, where they could not be seen by the -garrison, and gave them directions that they should come to his -assistance as soon as they should hear him cry a signal, which -was to be, “Call all, call all!” Then he loaded a great wagon with -hay. But in the wagon he placed eight strong men, well armed, -lying flat on their breasts, and covered over with hay, so that they -could not be seen. He himself walked carelessly beside the wagon; -and he chose the stoutest and bravest of his servants to be the -driver, who carried at his belt a strong ax or hatchet. In this way -Binnock approached the castle early in the morning; and the -watchman, who only saw two men, Binnock being one of them, -with a cart of hay, which they expected, opened the gates and -raised up the portcullis, to permit them to enter the castle. But -as soon as the cart had gotten under the gateway, Binnock made -a sign to his servant, who with his ax suddenly cut asunder the -<em>soam</em>, that is, the yoke which fastens the horses to the cart, and -the horses finding themselves free, naturally started forward, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span> -cart remaining behind. At the same moment, Binnock cried, as -loud as he could, “Call all, call all!” and drawing the sword, which -he had under his country habit, he killed the porter. The armed -men then jumped up from under the hay where they lay concealed, -and rushed on the English guard. The Englishmen tried -to shut the gates, but they could not, because the cart of hay -remained in the gateway, and prevented the folding-doors from -being closed. The portcullis was also let fall, but the grating was -caught on the cart, and so could not drop to the ground. The -men who were in ambush near the gate, hearing the cry, “Call all, -call all,” ran to assist those who had leaped out from amongst -the hay; the castle was taken, and all the Englishmen killed or -made prisoners. King Robert rewarded Binnock by bestowing -on him an estate, which his posterity long afterwards enjoyed.</p> - -<p>The English now possessed scarcely any place of importance -in Scotland, excepting Stirling, which was besieged, or rather -blockaded, by Edward Bruce, the King’s brother. To blockade a -town or castle is to quarter an army around it, so as to prevent -those within from getting provisions. This was done by the Scots -before Stirling, till Sir Philip Mowbray, who commanded the -castle, finding that he was like to be reduced to extremity for want -of provisions, made an agreement with Edward Bruce that he -would surrender the place, provided he were not relieved by the -King of England before midsummer. Sir Edward agreed to these -terms, and allowed Mowbray to go to London, to tell King Edward -of the conditions he had made. But when King Robert heard what -his brother had done, he thought it was too great a risk, since it -obliged him to venture a battle with the full strength of Edward -the Second, who had under him England, Ireland, Wales, and great -part of France, and could within the time allowed assemble a -much more powerful army than the Scots could, even if all Scotland -were fully under the King’s authority. Sir Edward answered -his brother with his naturally audacious spirit, “Let Edward bring -every man he has, we will fight them, were they more.” The King -admired his courage, though it was mingled with rashness. “Since -it is so, brother,” he said, “we will manfully abide battle, and -assemble all who love us, and value the freedom of Scotland, to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span> -come with all the men they have, and help us to oppose King -Edward, should he come with his army, to rescue Stirling.”</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What incident made Robert Bruce leave the English -army? 2. What qualities for leadership did he possess? 3. What happened -when Comyn and Bruce met at the church in Dumfries? 4. How was -Bruce punished for this deed? 5. Mention some of Bruce’s misfortunes. -6. Which did you wish Bruce to do, fight the Saracens, or fight for Scotland? -7. Why? 8. What did the spider show Bruce? 9. How did Bruce and James -Douglas meet? 10. What do you know about Sir Thomas Randolph? 11. -Describe the taking of Edinburgh Castle. 12. By what stratagem was the -Castle of Lithgow taken? 13. Read lines that show the character of the -King’s brother, Sir Edward. 14. Pronounce the following: patriotic; yeomanry; -severity; audacious.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases44"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref492">resist the usurper, 301, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref493">baseness of this conduct, 301, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref494">foreign yoke, 301, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref495">down from London, 302, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref496">church of Minorites, 302, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref497">mutual pretensions, 302, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref498">unpleasing intelligence, 304, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref499">stout-hearted men, 305, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref500">stout yeomanry, 308, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref501">bold peasantry, 308, 23</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h5><span class="smcap">The Battle of Bannockburn (1314)</span></h5> - -<p>When Sir Philip Mowbray, the governor of Stirling, came to -London, to tell the King that Stirling, the last Scottish town of -importance which remained in possession of the English, was to be -surrendered if it were not relieved by force of arms before midsummer, -then all the English nobles called out, it would be a sin -and shame to permit the <a href="#phrases45" title="List of phrases" id="ref502">fair conquest</a> which Edward the First -had made, to be forfeited to the Scots for want of fighting.</p> - -<p>King Edward the Second, therefore, assembled one of the -greatest armies which a King of England ever commanded. There -were troops brought from all his dominions. Many brave soldiers -from the French provinces which the King of England possessed -in France—many Irish, many Welsh—and all the great<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[312]</a></span> -English nobles and barons, with their followers, were assembled in -one great army. The number was not less than one hundred -thousand men.</p> - -<p>King Robert the Bruce summoned all his nobles and barons to -join him, when he heard of the great preparations which the King -of England was making. They were not so numerous as the English -by many thousand men. In fact, his whole army did not very -much exceed thirty thousand, and they were much worse -armed than the wealthy Englishmen; but then, Robert, who was -at their head, was one of the most expert generals of the time; -and the officers he had under him were his brother Edward, his -nephew Randolph, his faithful follower the Douglas, and other -brave and experienced leaders, who commanded the same men -that had been accustomed to fight and gain victories under every -<a href="#phrases45" title="List of phrases" id="ref503">disadvantage of situation</a> and numbers.</p> - -<p>The King, on his part, studied how he might supply, by address -and stratagem, what he wanted in numbers and strength. He -knew the superiority of the English, both in their heavy-armed -cavalry, which were much better mounted and armed than that -of the Scots, and in their archers, who were better trained than -any others in the world. Both these advantages he resolved to -provide against. With this purpose, he led his army down into a -plain near Stirling, called the Park, near which, and beneath it, -the English army must needs pass through a boggy country, -broken with water-courses, while the Scots occupied hard dry -ground. He then caused all the ground upon the front of his line -of battle, where cavalry were likely to act, to be dug full of holes, -about as deep as a man’s knee. They were filled with light brushwood, -and the turf was laid on the top, so that it appeared a plain -field, while in reality it was all full of these pits as a honeycomb -is of holes. He also, it is said, caused steel spikes, called calthrops, -to be scattered up and down in the plain, where the English cavalry -were most likely to advance, trusting in that manner to lame -and destroy their horses.</p> - -<p>When the Scottish army was drawn up, the line stretched -north and south. On the south, it was terminated by the banks -of the brook, called Bannockburn, which are so rocky, that no<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span> -troops could attack them there. On the left, the Scottish line -extended near to the town of Stirling. Bruce reviewed his troops -very carefully; all the useless servants, drivers of carts, and such -like, of whom there were very many, he ordered to go behind a -height, afterwards, in memory of the event, called the Gillies’ -hill, that is, the Servants’ hill. He then spoke to the soldiers, and -expressed his determination to gain the victory, or to lose his life -on the field of battle. He desired that all those who did not propose -to fight to the last should leave the field before the battle -began, and that none should remain except those who were determined -to take the issue of victory or death, as God should send it.</p> - -<p>When the main body of his army was thus placed in order, the -King posted Randolph, with a body of horse, near to the Church -of St. Ninian’s, commanding him to use the utmost diligence to -prevent any succors from being thrown into Stirling Castle. He -then dispatched James of Douglas, and Sir Robert Keith, the -Mareschal of the Scottish army, in order that they might survey -as nearly as they could, the English force, which was now approaching -from Falkirk. They returned with information, that -the approach of that vast host was one of the most beautiful and -terrible sights which could be seen—that the whole country -seemed covered with men-at-arms on horse and foot—that the -number of standards, banners, and pennons made so gallant a -show, that the bravest and most numerous host in Christendom -might be alarmed to see King Edward moving against them.</p> - -<p>It was upon the twenty-third of June (1314) the King of -Scotland heard the news, that the English army were approaching -Stirling. He drew out his army, therefore, in the order which he -had before resolved on. After a short time, Bruce, who was looking -out anxiously for the enemy, saw a body of English cavalry -trying to get into Stirling from the eastward. This was the Lord -Clifford, who, with a chosen body of eight hundred horse, had -been detached to relieve the castle.</p> - -<p>“See, Randolph,” said the King to his nephew, “there is a rose -fallen from your chaplet.” By this he meant that Randolph had -lost some honor, by suffering the enemy to pass where he had been -stationed to hinder them. Randolph made no reply but rushed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span> -against Clifford with little more than half his number. The Scots -were on foot. The English turned to charge them with their -lances, and Randolph drew up his men in close order to receive -the onset. He seemed to be in so much danger, that Douglas -asked leave of the King to go and assist him. The King refused -him permission.</p> - -<p>“Let Randolph,” he said, “redeem his own fault; I cannot -break the order of battle for his sake.” Still the danger appeared -greater, and the English horse seemed entirely to encompass the -small handful of Scottish infantry. “So please you,” said Douglas -to the king, “my heart will not suffer me to stand idle and see -Randolph perish—I must go to his assistance.” He rode off -accordingly; but long before they had reached the place of combat, -they saw the English horses galloping off, many with empty -saddles.</p> - -<p>“Halt!” said Douglas to his men, “Randolph has gained the -day; since we were not soon enough to help him in the battle, do -not let us lessen his glory by approaching the field.” Now, that -was nobly done; especially as Douglas and Randolph were always -contending which should rise highest in the good opinion of -the King of the nation.</p> - -<p>The van of the English army now came in sight, and a number -of their bravest knights drew near to see what the Scots were -doing. They saw King Robert dressed in his armor and distinguished -by a gold crown, which he wore over his helmet. He was -not mounted on his great war-horse, because he did not expect to -fight that evening. But he rode on a little pony up and down -the ranks of his army, putting his men in order, and carried in his -hand a sort of battle-ax made of steel.</p> - -<p>The next morning, being the twenty-fourth of June, at break -of day, the battle began in terrible earnest. The English as they -advanced saw the Scots getting into line. The Abbot of Inchaffray -walked through their ranks bare-footed, and exhorted them -to fight for their freedom. They kneeled down as he passed, and -prayed to Heaven for victory. King Edward, who saw this, called -out, “They kneel down—they are asking forgiveness.” “Yes,” -said a celebrated English baron, called Ingelram de Umphraville,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[315]</a></span> -“but they ask it from God, not from us—these men will conquer, -or die upon the field.”</p> - -<p>The English King ordered his men to begin the battle. The -archers then bent their bows, and began to shoot so closely together, -that the arrows fell like flakes of snow on a Christmas -day. They killed many of the Scots, and might, as at Falkirk, -and other places, have decided the victory; but Bruce, as I told -you before, was prepared for them. He had in readiness a body -of men-at-arms, well mounted, who rode at full gallop among the -archers, and as they had no weapons save their bows and arrows, -which they could not use when they were attacked hand to hand, -they were cut down in great numbers by the Scottish horsemen, -and thrown into total confusion.</p> - -<p>The fine English cavalry then advanced to support their archers, -and to attack the Scottish line. But coming over the ground -which was dug full of pits, the horses fell into these holes, and -the riders lay tumbling about, without any means of defense, -and unable to rise, from the weight of their armor. The Englishmen -began to fall into general disorder; and the Scottish King, -bringing up more of his forces, attacked and pressed them still -more closely.</p> - -<p>On a sudden, while the battle <a href="#phrases45" title="List of phrases" id="ref504">was obstinately maintained</a> on -both sides, an event happened which decided the victory. The -servants and attendants on the Scottish camp had, as I told you, -been sent behind the army to a place afterwards called the Gillies’ -hill. But when they saw that their masters were likely to gain -the day, they rushed from their place of concealment with such -weapons as they could get, that they might have their share in the -victory and in the spoil. The English, seeing them come suddenly -over the hill, mistook this <a href="#phrases45" title="List of phrases" id="ref505">disorderly rabble</a> for a new army coming -up to sustain the Scots, and, losing all heart, began to shift -every man for himself. Edward himself left the field as fast as he -could ride. A <a href="#phrases45" title="List of phrases" id="ref506">valiant knight</a>, Sir Giles de Argentine, much renowned -in the wars of Palestine, attended the King till he got him -out of the press of the combat. But he would retreat no farther. -“It is not my custom,” he said, “to fly.” With that he took leave -of the King, set spurs to his horse, and calling out his war-cry of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span> -Argentine! Argentine! he rushed into the thickest of the Scottish -ranks, and was killed.</p> - -<p>Edward first fled to Stirling Castle, and <a href="#phrases45" title="List of phrases" id="ref507">entreated admittance</a>; -but Sir Philip Mowbray, the governor, reminded the <a href="#phrases45" title="List of phrases" id="ref508">fugitive sovereign</a> -that he was obliged to surrender the castle next day, so -Edward was fain to fly through the Torwood, closely pursued by -Douglas with a body of cavalry.</p> - -<p>Douglas and Abernethy continued the chase, not giving King -Edward time to alight from horseback even for an instant, and -followed him as far as Dunbar, where the English had still a -friend, in the governor, Patrick, Earl of March. The Earl received -Edward in his forlorn condition, and furnished him with a fishing -skiff, or small ship, in which he escaped to England, having entirely -lost his fine army, and a great number of his bravest nobles.</p> - -<p>The English never before or afterwards, whether in France or -Scotland, lost so dreadful a battle as that of Bannockburn, nor -did the Scots ever gain one of the same importance. Many of the -best and bravest of the English nobility and gentry, as I have said, -lay dead on the field; a great many more were made prisoners; and -the whole of King Edward’s immense army was dispersed or -destroyed.</p> - -<p>The English, after this great defeat, were no longer in a condition -to support their pretensions to be masters of Scotland, or -to continue, as they had done for nearly twenty years, to send -armies into that country to overcome it. On the contrary, they -became for a time scarce able to defend their own frontiers against -King Robert and his soldiers.</p> - -<p>Thus did Robert Bruce arise from the condition of an exile, -hunted with bloodhounds like a stag or beast of prey, to the rank -of an independent sovereign, universally acknowledged to be one -of the wisest and bravest kings who then lived. The nation of -Scotland was also raised once more from the situation of a distressed -and conquered province to that of a free and independent -state, governed by its own laws, and subject to its own princes; -and although the country was, after the Bruce’s death, often subjected -to great loss and distress, both by the hostility of the English, -and by the unhappy <a href="#phrases45" title="List of phrases" id="ref509">civil wars</a> among the Scots themselves,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span> -yet they never afterwards lost the freedom for which Wallace -had laid down his life, and which King Robert had recovered, not -less by his wisdom than by his weapons. And therefore most just -it is, that while the country of Scotland retains any recollection -of its history, the memory of those brave warriors and faithful -patriots should be remembered with honor and gratitude.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Describe the two armies, the English and the Scottish. -2. What stratagem did the King use? 3. Draw a diagram of the Scottish line -showing the relative positions of the Park, Bannockburn, Stirling, Gillies’ -hill, the church of St. Ninian’s, and Falkirk. 4. What did the King mean -when he said to Randolph, “There is a rose fallen from your chaplet”? -5. Read passages that show two fine sides of Douglas’s nature. 6. Describe -the Scottish king as he rode up and down the ranks of his army. 7. Describe -the battle. 8. What decided the victory? 9. Read the passages that seem -to you the most thrilling. 10. Why was this such an important battle? -11. Read Bruce’s address to his soldiers as given by Robert Burns in his -poem “Bannockburn.” 12. Pronounce the following: boggy; exhorted; -fugitive; frontiers.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases45"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref502">fair conquest, 311, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref503">disadvantage of situation, 312, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref504">was obstinately maintained, 315, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref505">disorderly rabble, 315, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref506">valiant knight, 315, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref507">entreated admittance, 316, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref508">fugitive sovereign, 316, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref509">civil wars, 316, 37</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span></p> - -<h5><span class="smcap">The Exploits of Douglas and Randolph (1315-1330)</span></h5> - -<p>Robert Bruce continued to reign gloriously for several years, -and was so constantly victorious over the English, that the Scots -seemed during his government to have acquired a complete superiority -over their neighbors. But then we must remember that -Edward the Second, who then reigned in England, was a foolish -prince, and listened to bad counsels; so that it is no wonder that -he was beaten by so wise and experienced a general as Robert -Bruce, who had fought his way to the crown through so many -disasters, and <a href="#phrases46" title="List of phrases" id="ref510">acquired in consequence</a> so much renown, that, as -I have often said, he was generally accounted one of the best soldiers -and wisest sovereigns of his time.</p> - -<p>In the last year of Robert the Bruce’s reign, he became extremely -sickly and infirm, chiefly owing to a disorder called the -leprosy, which he had caught during the hardships and misfortunes -of his youth, when he was so frequently obliged to hide himself -in woods and morasses, without a roof to shelter him. While -Bruce was in this feeble state, Edward the Second, King of England, -died, and was succeeded by his son Edward the Third. He -turned out afterwards to be one of the wisest and bravest kings -whom England ever had; but when he first mounted the throne -he was very young, and under the entire management of his -mother.</p> - -<p>The war between the English and the Scots still lasting at the -time, Bruce sent his two great commanders, the good Lord James -Douglas, and Thomas Randolph, Earl of Murray, to <a href="#phrases46" title="List of phrases" id="ref511">lay waste</a> the -counties of Northumberland and Durham, and distress the English -as much as they could.</p> - -<p>Their soldiers were about twenty thousand in number, all -lightly armed, and mounted on horses that were quite small in -height, but excessively active. The men themselves carried no -provision, except a bag of oatmeal; and each had at his saddle -a small plate of iron called a girdle, on which, when they pleased, -they could bake the oatmeal into cakes. They killed the cattle -of the English, as they traveled through the country, roasted the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[319]</a></span> -flesh on <a href="#phrases46" title="List of phrases" id="ref512">wooden spits</a>, or boiled it in the skins of the animals themselves, -putting in a little water with the beef, to prevent the fire -from burning the hide to pieces. This was rough cookery. They -made their shoes, or rather sandals, in as coarse a way; cutting -them out of the raw hides of the cattle, and fitting them to their -ankles, like what are now called short gaiters. As this sort of -buskin had the hairy side of the hide outermost, the English called -those who wore them <em>rough-footed</em> Scots, and sometimes, from -the color of the hide, <em>red-shanks</em>.</p> - -<p>As such forces needed to carry nothing with them, either for -provisions or ammunition, the Scots moved with amazing speed, -from mountain to mountain, and from glen to glen, pillaging and -destroying the country wheresoever they came. In the meanwhile, -the King of England pursued them with a much larger army; but, -as it was encumbered by the necessity of carrying provisions in -great quantities, and by the slow motions of men in heavy armor, -they could not come up with the Scots, although they saw every -day the smoke of the houses and villages which they were burning. -The King of England was extremely angry; for, though only a -boy sixteen years old, he longed to fight the Scots and to chastise -them for the mischief they were doing to his country; and at -length he grew so impatient that he offered a large reward to any -one who would show him where the Scottish army were.</p> - -<p>At length, after the English host had suffered severe hardships, -from want of provisions, and fatiguing journeys through fords, -and swamps, and morasses, a gentleman named Rokeby came into -the camp and claimed the reward which the King had offered. -He told the King that he had been made prisoner by the Scots, -and that they said they should be as glad to meet the English -King as he to see them. Accordingly, Rokeby guided the English -army to the place where the Scots lay encamped.</p> - -<p>But the English King was no nearer to the battle which he -desired; for Douglas and Randolph, knowing the force and numbers -of the English army, had taken up their camp on a steep hill, -at the bottom of which ran a deep river called the Wear, having -a channel filled with large stones, so that there was no possibility -for the English to attack the Scots without crossing the water, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span> -then climbing up the steep hill in the very face of their enemy; -a risk which was too great to be attempted.</p> - -<p>Then the King sent a message of defiance to the Scottish generals, -inviting them either to draw back their forces, and allow -him freedom to cross the river and time to place his army in order -of battle on the other side, that they might fight fairly, or offering, -if they liked it better, to permit them to cross over to his side -without opposition, that they might join battle on a fair field. -Randolph and Douglas did nothing but laugh at this message. -They said that when they fought, it should be at their own pleasure, -and not because the King of England chose to ask for a battle. -They reminded him, insultingly, how they had been in his country -for many days, burning, taking spoil, and doing what they thought -fit. If the King was displeased with this, they said he must find -his way across the river to fight them, the best way he could.</p> - -<p>The English King, determined not to quit sight of the Scots, -encamped on the opposite side of the river to watch their motions, -thinking that want of provisions would oblige them to quit their -strong position on the mountains. But the Scots once more showed -Edward their <a href="#phrases46" title="List of phrases" id="ref513">dexterity in marching</a>, by leaving their encampment, -and taking up another post, even stronger and more difficult -to approach than the first which they had occupied. King Edward -followed, and again encamped opposite to his dexterous and -troublesome enemies, desirous to bring them to a battle, when he -might hope to gain an easy victory, having more than double the -number of the Scottish army, all troops of the very best quality.</p> - -<p>While the armies lay thus opposed to each other, Douglas -resolved to give the young King of England a lesson in the art of -war. At the dead of night, he left the Scottish camp with a small -body of chosen horse, not above two hundred, well armed. He -crossed the river in deep silence and came to the English camp, -which was but carelessly guarded. Seeing this, Douglas rode past -the English sentinels as if he had been an officer of the English -army, saying—“Ha, <a href="#phrases46" title="List of phrases" id="ref514">Saint George</a>! you keep bad watch here.” -In those days, you must know, the English used to swear by Saint -George, as the Scots did by <a href="#phrases46" title="List of phrases" id="ref515">Saint Andrew</a>. Presently after, Douglas -heard an English soldier, who lay stretched by the fire, say to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></span> -his comrade, “I cannot tell what is to happen to us in this place; -but, for my part, I have a great fear of the Black Douglas playing -us some trick.”</p> - -<p>“You shall have cause to say so,” said Douglas to himself.</p> - -<p>When he had thus got into the midst of the English camp -without being discovered, he drew his sword, and cut asunder the -ropes of a tent, calling out his usual war-cry, “Douglas, Douglas! -English thieves, you are all dead men.” His followers immediately -began to cut down and overturn the tents, cutting and -stabbing the English soldiers as they endeavored to get to -arms.</p> - -<p>Douglas forced his way to the <a href="#phrases46" title="List of phrases" id="ref516">pavilion of the King</a> himself, -and very nearly carried the young prince prisoner out of the -middle of his great army. Edward’s chaplain, however, and many -of his household, stood to arms bravely in his defense, while the -young King escaped by creeping away beneath the canvas of his -tent. The chaplain and several of the King’s officers were slain; -but the whole camp was now alarmed and in arms, so that Douglas -was obliged to retreat, which he did by bursting through the English -at the side of the camp opposite to that by which he had -entered. Being separated from his men in the confusion, he was -in great danger of being slain by an Englishman who encountered -him with a huge club. This man he killed, but with considerable -difficulty; and then blowing his horn to collect his soldiers, who -soon gathered around him, he returned to the Scottish camp, having -sustained very little loss.</p> - -<p>Edward, much mortified at the insult which he had received, -became still more desirous of chastising those <a href="#phrases46" title="List of phrases" id="ref517">audacious adversaries</a>; -and one of them at least was not unwilling to afford him -an opportunity of revenge. This was Thomas Randolph, Earl of -Murray. He asked Douglas, when he returned to the Scottish -camp, what he had done. “We have drawn some blood.”—“Ah,” -said the Earl, “had we gone all together to the night attack, -we should have discomfited them.”—“It might well have been -so,” said Douglas, “but the risk would have been too great.”—“Then -will we fight them in open battle,” said Randolph, “for if -we remain here, we shall in time be famished for want of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[322]</a></span> -provisions.”—“Not so,” replied Douglas; “we will deal with this -great army of the English as the fox did with the fisherman in -the fable.”—“And how was that?” said the Earl of Murray. -Hereupon the Douglas told him this story:</p> - -<p>“A fisherman,” he said, “had made a hut by a river side, that -he might follow his occupation of fishing. Now, one night he -had gone out to look after his nets, leaving a small fire in his hut; -and when he came back, behold there was a fox in the cabin, -taking the liberty to eat one of the finest salmon he had taken. -‘Ho, Mr. Robber!’ said the fisherman, drawing his sword, and -standing in the doorway to prevent the fox’s escape, ‘you shall -presently die the death.’ The poor fox looked for some hole to -get out at, but saw none; whereupon he pulled down with his -teeth a mantle, which was lying on the bed, and dragged it across -the fire. The fisherman ran to snatch his mantle from the fire—the -fox flew out at the door with the salmon; and so,” said Douglas, -“shall we escape the great English army by subtlety, and -without risking battle with so large a force.”</p> - -<p>Randolph agreed to act by Douglas’s counsel, and the Scottish -army kindled great fires through their encampment, and made a -noise and shouting, and blowing of horns, as if they meant to -remain all night there, as before. But in the meantime, Douglas -had caused a road to be made through two miles of a great morass -which lay in their rear. This was done by cutting down to the -bottom of the bog, and filling the trench with faggots of wood. -Without this contrivance it would have been impossible that the -army could have crossed; and through this passage, which the -English never suspected, Douglas and Randolph, and all their -men, moved at the dead of night. They did not leave so much -as an errand-boy behind, and so bent their march toward Scotland, -leaving the English disappointed and affronted. Great was -their wonder in the morning, when they saw the Scottish camp -empty, and found no living man in it, but two or three English -prisoners tied to trees, whom they had left with an insulting message -to the King of England, saying that if he were displeased with -what they had done, he might come and revenge himself in -Scotland.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span></p> - -<p>After this a peace was concluded with Robert Bruce, on terms -highly honorable to Scotland; for the English King <a href="#phrases46" title="List of phrases" id="ref518">renounced all -pretensions</a> to the sovereignty of the country, and, moreover, gave -his sister, a princess called Joanna, to be wife to Robert Bruce’s -son, called David. This treaty was very advantageous to the -Scots. It was called the treaty of Northampton, because it was -concluded at that town, in the year 1328.</p> - -<p>Good King Robert did not long survive this joyful event. He -was not aged more than four-and-fifty years, but, as I said before, -his bad health was caused by the hardships which he sustained -during his youth, and at length he became very ill. Finding that -he could not recover, he assembled around his bedside the nobles -and counselors in whom he most trusted. He told them that -now, being on his death-bed, he sorely repented all his misdeeds, -and particularly, that he had, in his passion, killed Comyn with -his own hand, in the church and before the altar. He said that -if he had lived, he had intended to go to Jerusalem, to make war -upon the Saracens who held the Holy Land, as some expiation -for the evil deeds he had done. The King soon afterwards expired -and his body was laid in the sepulcher in the midst of the -church of Dunfermline, under a marble stone. But the church -becoming afterwards ruinous, and the roof falling down with age, -the monument was broken to pieces, and nobody could tell where -it stood. But six or seven years ago, when they were repairing -the church at Dunfermline, and removing the rubbish, lo! they -found fragments of the marble tomb of Robert Bruce. Then they -began to dig farther, thinking to discover the body of this celebrated -monarch; and at length they came to the skeleton of a tall -man, and they knew it must be that of King Robert, as he was -known to have been buried in a winding sheet of cloth of gold, -of which many fragments were found about this skeleton. So -orders were sent from the <a href="#phrases46" title="List of phrases" id="ref519">King’s Court of Exchequer</a> to guard -the bones carefully, until a new tomb should be prepared, into -which they were laid with profound respect. A great many gentlemen -and ladies attended, and almost all the common people -in the neighborhood; and as the church could not hold half the -numbers, the people were allowed to pass through it, one after<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span> -another, that each one, the poorest as well as the richest, might -see all that remained of the great King, Robert Bruce, who -restored the Scottish monarchy.</p> - -<p>It is more than five hundred years since the body of Bruce -was first laid into the tomb; and how many, many millions of -men have died since that time. It was a great thing to see that -the wisdom, courage, and patriotism of a King could preserve -him for such a long time in the memory of the people over whom -he once reigned. But then, my dear child, you must remember -that it is only desirable to be remembered for praiseworthy and -patriotic actions, such as those of Robert Bruce. It would be -better for a prince to be forgotten like the meanest peasant than -to be recollected for actions of tyranny or oppression.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What was the condition of King Robert at the opening -of the story? 2. What is said about King Edward III? 3. Who were the -“red-shanks”? 4. Why could these forces move so easily and quickly? -5. Describe the Scottish camp on the Wear. 6. What was King Edward’s -proposition? 7. What was the lesson Douglas gave the young King? 8. -What do you think of this exploit? 9. What is the story of the fisherman -and the fox? 10. What is the significance of this story? 11. What was -Douglas’s plan of escape? 12. What qualities does Douglas show in these -exploits? 13. What part did the Scottish peasantry take in the struggle for -independence? 14. What were the terms of the treaty of Northampton? -15. What was King Robert’s great regret? 16. Describe the finding of -Robert Bruce’s remains in Dunfermline. 17. Pronounce the following: -dexterous; adversaries; subtlety; affronted; advantageous; tyranny.</p> - -<p>If you have enjoyed these stories, inquire at the library for a copy of -<cite>Tales of a Grandfather</cite>, and read other stories, such as “Macbeth,” “Tournaments,” -“King David,” and “James I.”</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases46"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref510">acquired in consequence, 318, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref511">lay waste, 318, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref512">wooden spits, 319, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref513">dexterity in marching, 320, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref514">Saint George, 320, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref515">Saint Andrew, 320, 36</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref516">pavilion of the King, 321, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref517">audacious adversaries, 321, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref518">renounced all pretensions, 323, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref519">King’s Court of Exchequer, 323, 32</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE PARTING OF MARMION AND DOUGLAS</h4> - -<p class="author">SIR WALTER SCOTT</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Not far advanced was morning day,</div> -<div class="verse">When Marmion did his <a href="#phrases47" title="List of phrases" id="ref520">troop array</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">To Surrey’s camp to ride;</div> -<div class="verse">He had <a href="#phrases47" title="List of phrases" id="ref521">safe conduct</a> for his band,</div> -<div class="verse">Beneath the royal seal and hand,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">And Douglas gave a guide.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The train from out the castle drew,</div> -<div class="verse">But Marmion stopped to bid adieu:</div> -<div class="verse indent2">“Though <a href="#phrases47" title="List of phrases" id="ref522">something I might ’plain</a>,” he said,</div> -<div class="verse">“Of cold respect to stranger guest,</div> -<div class="verse">Sent hither by your King’s behest,</div> -<div class="verse">While in Tantallon’s towers I stayed,</div> -<div class="verse">Part we in friendship from your land,</div> -<div class="verse">And, noble Earl, receive my hand.”</div> -<div class="verse">But Douglas round him drew his cloak,</div> -<div class="verse">Folded his arms, and thus he spoke:</div> -<div class="verse">“My manors, halls, and bowers shall still</div> -<div class="verse">Be open, at my Sovereign’s will,</div> -<div class="verse">To each one whom he lists, howe’er</div> -<div class="verse">Unmeet to be the owner’s peer.</div> -<div class="verse">My castles are my King’s alone,</div> -<div class="verse">From turret to foundation stone;</div> -<div class="verse">The hand of Douglas is his own,</div> -<div class="verse">And never shall, in friendly grasp,</div> -<div class="verse">The hand of such as Marmion clasp.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Burned Marmion’s swarthy cheek like fire,</div> -<div class="verse">And shook his very frame for ire;</div> -<div class="verse indent2">And “This to me,” he said,</div> -<div class="verse">“An’ ’twere not for thy hoary beard,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Such hand as Marmion’s had not spared</div> -<div class="verse indent2">To cleave the Douglas’ head!</div> -<div class="verse">And, first, I tell thee, haughty peer,</div> -<div class="verse">He, who does England’s message here,</div> -<div class="verse">Although the meanest in her state,</div> -<div class="verse">May well, proud Angus, be thy mate:</div> -<div class="verse">And, Douglas, more, I tell thee here,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Even in thy <a href="#phrases47" title="List of phrases" id="ref523">pitch of pride</a>—</div> -<div class="verse">Here, <a href="#phrases47" title="List of phrases" id="ref524">in thy hold</a>, thy vassals near,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">I tell thee, thou’rt defied!</div> -<div class="verse">And if thou said’st I am not peer</div> -<div class="verse">To any lord in Scotland here,</div> -<div class="verse">Lowland or Highland, far or near,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Lord Angus, thou hast lied!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">On the Earl’s cheek, the flush of rage</div> -<div class="verse">O’ercame the ashen hue of age;</div> -<div class="verse">Fierce he broke forth: “And dar’st thou then</div> -<div class="verse">To beard the lion in his den,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">The Douglas in his hall?</div> -<div class="verse">And hop’st thou hence unscathed to go?</div> -<div class="verse">No, by Saint Bride of Bothwell, no!</div> -<div class="verse">Up drawbridge, grooms—what, warder, ho!</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Let the portcullis fall.”</div> -<div class="verse">Lord Marmion turned—well was his need,</div> -<div class="verse">And <a href="#phrases47" title="List of phrases" id="ref525">dashed the rowels</a> in his steed;</div> -<div class="verse">Like arrow through the archway sprung;</div> -<div class="verse">The ponderous grate behind him rung—</div> -<div class="verse">To pass there was such scanty room,</div> -<div class="verse">The bars, descending, razed his plume.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The steed along the drawbridge flies,</div> -<div class="verse">Just as it trembled on the rise;</div> -<div class="verse">Nor lighter does the swallow skim</div> -<div class="verse">Along the smooth lake’s level brim;</div> -<div class="verse">And when Lord Marmion reached his band</div> -<div class="verse">He halts, and turns with clinchéd hand</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span> -<div class="verse">And shout of loud defiance pours,</div> -<div class="verse">And shook his gauntlet at the towers,</div> -<div class="verse">“Horse! horse!” the Douglas cried, “and chase!”</div> -<div class="verse">But soon he reined his fury’s pace:</div> -<div class="verse">“A royal messenger he came,</div> -<div class="verse">Though most unworthy of the name.</div> -<div class="verse">Saint Mary mend my fiery mood!</div> -<div class="verse">Old age ne’er cools the Douglas’ blood;</div> -<div class="verse">I thought to slay him where he stood.</div> -<div class="verse">’Tis pity of him, too,” he cried;</div> -<div class="verse">“Bold he can speak, and fairly ride—</div> -<div class="verse">I warrant him a warrior tried.”</div> -<div class="verse">With this his mandate he recalls,</div> -<div class="verse">And slowly seeks his castle halls.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Note.</b> Marmion, an English nobleman, has been sent as an envoy -by Henry the Eighth, King of England, to James the Fourth, King of Scotland. -The two countries are on the eve of war with each other. Arriving -in Edinburgh, Marmion is entrusted by King James to the care and hospitality -of Douglas, Earl of Angus, who, taking him to his castle at Tantallon, -treats him with the respect due his position as representative of the -King, but at the same time dislikes him. The war approaching, Marmion -leaves to join the English camp. This sketch describes the leave-taking.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. In what part of the castle does this conversation take -place? 2. Why did Douglas refuse to receive the hand of Marmion? 3. -Read the lines that give a vivid picture of the defiant Douglas. 4. What -distinction does Douglas make between the ownership of his “castle” and -that of his “hand”? 5. How does Marmion answer the implied insult in -“howe’er unmeet to be the owner’s peer”? 6. What claim does Marmion -make for one “who does England’s message”? 7. What do we call one “who -does England’s message” at Washington? 8. What does Douglas mean by -“to beard the lion in his den”? 9. What lines show Marmion’s narrow -escape? 10. Why do you think Douglas changed his mind? 11. Would you -have admired him more if he had given chase to Marmion? 12. Which -man appears to better advantage in this scene?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases47"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref520">troop array, 325, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref521">safe conduct, 325, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref522">something I might ’plain, 325, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref523">pitch of pride, 326, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref524">in thy hold, 326, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref525">dashed the rowels, 326, 25</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a></span></p> - -<h4>BANNOCKBURN</h4> - -<p class="author">ROBERT BURNS</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Scots, wha hae wi’<a name="FNanchor_24" id="FNanchor_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a> Wallace bled,</div> -<div class="verse">Scots, wham<a name="FNanchor_25" id="FNanchor_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a> Bruce has aften led;</div> -<div class="verse">Welcome to your gory bed,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Or to victory!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Now’s the day, and now’s the hour;</div> -<div class="verse">See the front o’ battle lour;</div> -<div class="verse">See approach proud Edward’s power—</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Chains and slavery!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Wha will be a <a href="#phrases48" title="List of phrases" id="ref526">traitor knave</a>?</div> -<div class="verse">Wha can fill a coward’s grave?</div> -<div class="verse">Wha sae<a name="FNanchor_26" id="FNanchor_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a> base as be a slave?</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Let him turn and flee!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Wha for Scotland’s king and law</div> -<div class="verse">Freedom’s sword will strongly draw,</div> -<div class="verse">Freeman stand, or Freeman fa’,<a name="FNanchor_27" id="FNanchor_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a></div> -<div class="verse indent3">Let him follow me!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">By oppression’s woes and pains!</div> -<div class="verse">By your sons in <a href="#phrases48" title="List of phrases" id="ref527">servile chains</a>!</div> -<div class="verse">We will drain our <a href="#phrases48" title="List of phrases" id="ref528">dearest veins</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent3">But they shall be free!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Lay the <a href="#phrases48" title="List of phrases" id="ref529">proud usurpers</a> low!</div> -<div class="verse">Tyrants fall in every foe!</div> -<div class="verse">Liberty’s in every blow!—</div> -<div class="verse indent3">Let us do or die!</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="footnotes"> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_24" id="Footnote_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> <i>wha hae wi’</i>, who have with</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_25" id="Footnote_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> <i>wham</i>, whom</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_26" id="Footnote_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> <i>sae</i>, so</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_27" id="Footnote_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> <i>fa’</i>, fall</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_63">see page 63</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> Burns wrote this ode to fit an old air, said in Scottish -tradition to have been Robert Bruce’s march at the battle of Bannockburn. -“This thought,” he says, “in my solitary wanderings, has warmed me to a -pitch of enthusiasm on the theme of liberty and independence.” The story -is told that Burns wrote this poem while riding on horseback over a wild -moor in Scotland in company with a Mr. Syme, who, observing the expression -on the poet’s face, refrained from speaking to him. Doubtless this -vigorous hymn was singing itself through the soul of Burns as he wrote it. -The poem is considered the most stirring war ode ever written.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Who is supposed to speak the words? 2. To whom are -they supposed to be addressed? 3. For what did Bruce contend? 4. What -patriot before him had fought against great odds in the same cause? 5. In -these lines, what choice does Bruce offer his army? 6. To what deep feeling -does he appeal? 7. Does this poem represent truly Bruce’s own feeling for -his country, as history acquaints us with it? 8. Which are the most stirring -lines? 9. What was Burns’s purpose in writing it? 10. What influence does -such a poem have?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases48"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref526">traitor knave, 328, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref527">servile chains, 328, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref528">dearest veins, 328, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref529">proud usurpers, 328, 21</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="ENGLAND_AND_FREEDOM">ENGLAND AND FREEDOM</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header10.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE LAST FIGHT OF THE REVENGE</h4> - -<p class="author">SIR WALTER RALEIGH</p> - -<p>The Lord Thomas Howard, with six of her Majesty’s ships, six -victuallers of London, the bark <i>Raleigh</i>, and two or three pinnaces, -riding at anchor near unto Flores, one of the westerly -islands of the Azores, the last of August in the afternoon, had -intelligence by one Captain Middleton of the approach of the -Spanish Armada.</p> - -<p>He had no sooner delivered the news but the fleet was in sight. -Many of our ships’ companies were on shore in the island, some -<a href="#phrases49" title="List of phrases" id="ref530">providing ballast</a> for their ships, others filling of water and refreshing -themselves from the land with such things as they could -either for money or by force recover. By reason whereof our -ships being all pestered and every thing out of order, very light -for want of ballast, and that which was most to our disadvantage, -the one half of the men of every ship sick and utterly unserviceable. -For in the <i>Revenge</i> there were ninety diseased; in the -<i>Bonaventure</i>, not so many in health as could handle her mainsail; -the rest, for the most part, were in little better state.</p> - -<p>The names of her Majesty’s ships were these, as followeth: -the <i>Defiance</i>, which was Admiral, the <i>Revenge</i>, Vice Admiral, -the <i>Bonaventure</i>, commanded by Captain Crosse, the <i>Lion</i>, by -George Fenner, the <i>Foresight</i>, by Thomas Vavisour, and the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></span> -<i>Crane</i>, by Duffield; the <i>Foresight</i> and the <i>Crane</i> being but small -ships only—the others were of middle size. The rest, besides the -bark <i>Raleigh</i>, commanded by Captain Thin, were victuallers, and -of small force or none.</p> - -<p>The Spanish fleet, having <a href="#phrases49" title="List of phrases" id="ref531">shrouded their approach</a> by reason -of the island, were now so soon at hand as our ships had scarce -time to <a href="#phrases49" title="List of phrases" id="ref532">weigh their anchors</a>, but some of them were driven to let -slip their cables and set sail. Sir Richard Grenville was the last -weighed, to recover the men that were upon the island, which -otherwise had been lost. The Lord Thomas with the rest very -hardly recovered the wind, which Sir Richard Grenville not being -able to do, was persuaded by the master and others to cut his -mainsail and cast about, and to trust to the sailing of his ship. -But Sir Richard utterly refused to turn from the enemy, alleging -that he would rather choose to die than to dishonor himself, his -country, and her Majesty’s ship, persuading his company that he -would pass through the two squadrons in despite of them and -enforce those of Seville to give him way. Which he performed -upon divers of the foremost, who, as the mariners term it, fell -under the lee of the <i>Revenge</i>.</p> - -<p>In the meanwhile, as he attended those which were nearest him, -the great <i>San Philip</i>, being in the wind of him, and coming toward -him, becalmed his sails—so huge was the Spanish ship, being of a -thousand and five hundred tons; who afterlaid the <i>Revenge</i> -aboard. When he was thus bereft of his sails, the ships that were -under his lee also laid him aboard; of which the next was the -admiral of the Biscayans, a very mighty and <a href="#phrases49" title="List of phrases" id="ref533">puissant ship</a> commanded -by Brittan Dona. The said <i>Philip</i> carried three tier of -ordnance on a side and eleven pieces in every tier.</p> - -<p>After the <i>Revenge</i> was entangled with this <i>Philip</i>, four others -boarded her, two on her larboard and two on her starboard. The -fight thus beginning at three of the clock in the afternoon continued -very terrible all that evening. But the great <i>San Philip</i>, -having received the lower tier of the <i>Revenge</i>, shifted herself with -all diligence from her sides, utterly misliking her first entertainment. -Some say that the ship foundered, but we cannot report -it for truth unless we were assured.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span></p> - -<p>The Spanish ships were filled with companies of soldiers, in -some two hundred besides the mariners, in some five, in others -eight hundred. In ours there were none at all besides the mariners -but the servants of the commanders and some few voluntary -gentlemen only.</p> - -<p>After many interchanged volleys of great ordnance and small -shot, the Spaniards deliberated to enter the <i>Revenge</i>, and made -divers attempts, hoping to force her by the multitudes of their -armed soldiers and musketeers, but were still repulsed again and -again, and at all times beaten back into their own ships or into -the seas. In the beginning of the fight, the <i>George Noble</i> of -London, having received some shot through her by the armados, -asked Sir Richard what he would command him, being but one of -the victuallers and of small force. Sir Richard bade him save -himself, and leave him to his fortune.</p> - -<p>After the fight had thus without intermission continued while -the day lasted and some hours of the night, many of our men were -slain and hurt, and one of the great galleons of the Armada and -the admiral of the Hulks both sunk, and in many other of the -Spanish ships great slaughter was made. Some write that Sir -Richard was very dangerously hurt almost in the beginning of -the fight and lay speechless for a time ere he recovered. But -two of the <i>Revenge’s</i> own company affirmed that he was never so -wounded as that he forsook the upper deck till an hour before -midnight; and then being shot into the body with a musket, as he -was a-dressing was again shot into the head, and withal his -chirurgeon wounded to death.</p> - -<p>But to return to the fight, the Spanish ships which attempted -to board the <i>Revenge</i>, as they were wounded and beaten off, so -always others came in their places, she having never less than -two mighty galleons by her sides and aboard her. So that ere -the morning from three of the clock the day before, there had -fifteen several armados assailed her; and all so ill approved their -entertainment, as they were by the break of day far more willing -to <a href="#phrases49" title="List of phrases" id="ref534">hearken to a composition</a> than hastily to make any more -assaults or entries. But as the day increased so our men decreased; -and as the light grew more and more, by so much more<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span> -grew our discomforts. For none appeared in sight but enemies, -saving one small ship called the <i>Pilgrim</i>, commanded by Jacob -Whiddon, who hovered all night to see the success; but in the -morning was hunted like a hare among many ravenous hounds, but -escaped.</p> - -<p>All the powder of the <i>Revenge</i> to the last barrel was now -spent, all her pikes broken, forty of her best men slain, and the -most part of the rest hurt. In the beginning of the fight she had -but one hundred free from sickness, and fourscore and ten sick. -A small troop to man such a ship, and a weak garrison to resist -so mighty an army! By those hundred all was sustained, the volleys, -boardings, and enterings of fifteen ships of war. On the -contrary the Spanish were always supplied with soldiers brought -from every squadron, all manner of arms and powder at will. -Unto ours there remained no comfort at all, no hope, no supply -either of ships, men, or weapons; the masts all beaten overboard, -all her <a href="#phrases49" title="List of phrases" id="ref535">tackle cut asunder</a>, her upper work altogether razed; and, -in effect, even she was with the water, but the very foundation or -bottom of a ship, nothing being left overhead either for flight or -defense.</p> - -<p>Sir Richard finding himself in this distress, and unable any -longer to make resistance, having endured in this fifteen hours’ -fight the assault of fifteen several armados, all by turns aboard -him, and by estimation eight hundred shot of great artillery, besides -many assaults and entries, and that himself and the ship -must needs be possessed by the enemy, who were now cast in a -ring round about him, the <i>Revenge</i> not able to move one way or -other but as she was moved by the waves and billows of the sea—commanded -the master gunner, whom he knew to be a most -resolute man, to split and sink the ship, that thereby nothing -might remain of glory or victory to the Spaniards, seeing in so -many hours’ fight and with so great a navy, they were not able to -take her, having had fifteen hours’ time, fifteen thousand men, -and fifty and three sail of men-of-war to perform it withal; and -persuaded the company, or as many as he could induce, to yield -themselves unto God, and to the mercy of none else, but, as they -had, like valiant resolute men, repulsed so many enemies, they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[334]</a></span> -should not now shorten the honor of their nation by prolonging -their own lives for a few hours or a few days.</p> - -<p>The master gunner readily condescended, and divers others. -But the Captain and the Master were of another opinion and besought -Sir Richard to have care of them, alleging that the Spaniard -would be as ready to entertain a composition as they were -willing to offer the same, and that there being <a href="#phrases49" title="List of phrases" id="ref536">divers sufficient</a> and -valiant men yet living, and whose wounds were not mortal, they -might do their country and prince acceptable service hereafter.</p> - -<p>And as the matter was thus in dispute, and Sir Richard refusing -to hearken to any of those reasons, the Master of the -<i>Revenge</i> (while the Captain won unto him the greater party) was -convoyed aboard the <i>General Don Alfonso Bassan</i>. Who, finding -none over hasty to enter the <i>Revenge</i> again, doubting lest Sir -Richard would have blown them up and himself, and perceiving -by the report of the Master of the <i>Revenge</i> his dangerous disposition, -yielded that all their lives should be saved. To this he so -much the rather condescended, as well, as I have said, for fear of -further loss and mischief to themselves, as also for the desire he -had to recover Sir Richard Grenville; whom for his notable valor -he seemed greatly to honor and admire.</p> - -<p>When this answer was returned, and that safety of life was -promised, the common sort being now at the end of their peril, -the most drew back from Sir Richard and the gunner, it being no -hard matter to dissuade men from death to life. The master -gunner finding himself and Sir Richard thus prevented and mastered -by the greater number, would have slain himself with a -sword had he not been by force withheld and locked into his -cabin. Then the <i>General</i> sent many boats aboard the <i>Revenge</i>, -and divers of our men, fearing Sir Richard’s disposition, stole -away aboard the <i>General</i> and other ships. Sir Richard, thus -overmatched, was sent unto by Alfonso Bassan to remove out of -the <i>Revenge</i>, the ship being marvelous unsavory, filled with blood -and bodies of dead and wounded men like a slaughter-house. -Sir Richard answered that he might do with his body what he -list, for <a href="#phrases49" title="List of phrases" id="ref537">he esteemed it not</a>; and as he was carried out of the ship -he swooned, and reviving again desired the company to pray<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[335]</a></span> -for him. The General used Sir Richard with all humanity, and -left nothing unattempted that tended to his recovery, highly -commending his valor and worthiness and greatly bewailed the -danger wherein he was, being unto them a rare spectacle, to see -one ship turn toward so many enemies, to endure the charge and -boarding of so many huge armados, and to resist and repel the -assaults and entries of so many soldiers.</p> - -<p>Sir Richard died, as it is said, the second or third day aboard -the <i>General</i>, and was by them greatly bewailed. What became -of his body, whether it was buried in the sea or on the land we -know not; the comfort that remaineth to his friends is that he -hath ended his life honorably in respect of the reputation -won to his nation and country, and of the same to his posterity, -and that, being dead, he hath not outlived his own honor.</p> - -<p class="right">—<i>Abridged.</i></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biographical and Historical Note.</b> In the autumn of 1591 a small fleet -of English vessels lay at the Azores to intercept the Spanish treasure ships -from the Indies. On the appearance of the Spanish war-vessels sent to -convoy the treasure ships, the much smaller English fleet took flight with the -exception of the <i>Revenge</i>, commanded by Sir Richard Grenville. Lord -Bacon described the fight as “a defeat exceeding victory.”</p> - -<p>This story of the fight of the <i>Revenge</i> was written by Sir Walter Raleigh -(1552-1618), a cousin of Grenville’s. He was an English explorer, colonizer, -and historian. He planted the first English colony in America, on Roanoke -Island, off the coast of North Carolina. Later, he was interested in -an attempt to form a colony in Guiana, and his account of his experiences -is one of the most thrilling adventure stories in the world. His daring -exploits made him a favorite at the court of Queen Elizabeth, but after -her death he gained the ill-will of James I and was executed on a false -charge of piracy and treason.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Describe the English fleet as it lay anchored near -Flores. 2. What was the condition of the men on the <i>Revenge</i> and the -<i>Bonaventure</i>? 3. What two things could Sir Richard do? 4. Which did -he choose? Why? 5. How were the Spanish ships manned as compared -with the English? 6. What quality of character did Sir Richard show in -his treatment of the <i>George Noble</i>? 7. Describe the condition of the -<i>Revenge</i> on the second day of the fighting. 8. What was Sir Richard’s -order to the master gunner? 9. What was the opinion of the captain and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></span> -the Master? 10. What do you think about the reasons they gave? 11. What -was the Spaniard’s offer? 12. Would you have been on the side of the -captain and the Master of the <i>Revenge</i>, or on the side of Sir Richard and -the master gunner? 13. Pronounce the following: Armada; Azores; becalmed; -tiers; bade; hovered; ravenous; dissuade.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases49"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref530">providing ballast, 330, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref531">shrouded their approach, 331, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref532">weigh their anchors, 331, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref533">puissant ship, 331, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref534">hearken to a composition, 332, 35</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref535">tackle cut asunder, 333, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref536">divers sufficient, 334, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref537">he esteemed it not, 334, 36</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>YE MARINERS OF ENGLAND</h4> - -<p class="author">THOMAS CAMPBELL</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Ye Mariners of England,</div> -<div class="verse">That guard our native seas,</div> -<div class="verse">Whose flag has braved, a thousand years,</div> -<div class="verse">The battle and the breeze!</div> -<div class="verse">Your <a href="#phrases50" title="List of phrases" id="ref538">glorious standard</a> launch again</div> -<div class="verse">To match another foe,</div> -<div class="verse">And sweep through the deep,</div> -<div class="verse">While the stormy winds do blow;</div> -<div class="verse">While the battle rages loud and long,</div> -<div class="verse">And the stormy winds do blow.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The spirits of your fathers</div> -<div class="verse">Shall start from every wave!—</div> -<div class="verse">For the deck it was their <a href="#phrases50" title="List of phrases" id="ref539">field of fame</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">And Ocean was their grave.</div> -<div class="verse">Where Blake and mighty Nelson fell,</div> -<div class="verse">Your manly hearts shall glow,</div> -<div class="verse">As ye sweep through the deep,</div> -<div class="verse">While the stormy winds do blow;</div> -<div class="verse">While the battle rages loud and long</div> -<div class="verse">And the stormy winds do blow.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Britannia needs no bulwarks,</div> -<div class="verse">No towers along the steep;</div> -<div class="verse">Her march is o’er the mountain-waves,</div> -<div class="verse">Her home is on the deep.</div> -<div class="verse">With thunders from her native oak</div> -<div class="verse">She quells the floods below,</div> -<div class="verse">As they roar on the shore,</div> -<div class="verse">When the stormy winds do blow;</div> -<div class="verse">When the battle rages loud and long</div> -<div class="verse">And the stormy winds do blow.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The <a href="#phrases50" title="List of phrases" id="ref540">meteor flag</a> of England</div> -<div class="verse">Shall yet terrific burn;</div> -<div class="verse">Till <a href="#phrases50" title="List of phrases" id="ref541">danger’s troubled night</a> depart,</div> -<div class="verse">And the <a href="#phrases50" title="List of phrases" id="ref542">star of peace</a> return.</div> -<div class="verse">Then, then, ye <a href="#phrases50" title="List of phrases" id="ref543">ocean-warriors</a>!</div> -<div class="verse">Our song and feast shall flow</div> -<div class="verse">To the fame of your name,</div> -<div class="verse">When the storm has ceased to blow;</div> -<div class="verse">When the fiery fight is heard no more,</div> -<div class="verse">And the storm has ceased to blow.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_180">see page 180</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Which stanza refers to the present; which one to the -past; and which one to the future? 2. Why does the poet take this view -into the past and the future? 3. Notice the interesting rime in the seventh -line of every stanza. 4. Compare the eighth, ninth, and tenth lines of the -fourth stanza with the corresponding lines in the other stanzas. 5. Notice -the pleasing effect which the poet produces by using, in one line, several -words beginning with the same letter: “battle,” “breeze,” “loud and long.” -6. Find other examples. 7. Show that this poem, written long after Sir -Richard Grenville’s death, expresses the spirit in which he fought.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases50"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref538">glorious standard, 336, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref539">field of fame, 336, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref540">meteor flag, 337, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref541">danger’s troubled night, 337, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref542">star of peace, 337, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref543">ocean-warriors, 337, 15</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a></span></p> - -<h4>ENGLAND AND AMERICA NATURAL ALLIES</h4> - -<p class="author">JOHN RICHARD GREEN</p> - -<p>Whatever might be the importance of American independence -in the history of England, it was of <a href="#phrases51" title="List of phrases" id="ref544">unequaled moment</a> in the -history of the world. If it crippled for a while the supremacy -of the English nation, it founded the supremacy of the English -race. From the hour of American Independence the life of the -English people has flowed not in one current, but in two; and -while the older has shown little signs of lessening, the younger -has fast risen to a greatness which has changed the face of the -world. In 1783 America was a nation of three millions of inhabitants, -scattered thinly along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It -is now [1877] a nation of forty millions, stretching over the whole -continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In wealth and <a href="#phrases51" title="List of phrases" id="ref545">material -energy</a>, as in numbers, it far surpasses the mother-country -from which it sprang. It is already the main branch of the English -people; and in the days that are at hand the main current of -that people’s history must run along the channel not of the -Thames or the Mersey, but of the Hudson and the Mississippi.</p> - -<p>But distinct as these currents are, every year proves more -clearly that in spirit the English people are one. The distance -that parted England from America lessens every day. The ties -that unite them grow every day stronger. The social and political -differences that threatened a hundred years ago to form an -<a href="#phrases51" title="List of phrases" id="ref546">impassable barrier</a> between them grow every day less. Against -this silent and <a href="#phrases51" title="List of phrases" id="ref547">inevitable drift</a> of things the spirit of <a href="#phrases51" title="List of phrases" id="ref548">narrow isolation</a> -on either side the Atlantic struggles in vain. It is possible -that the two branches of the English people will remain forever -separate <a href="#phrases51" title="List of phrases" id="ref549">political existences</a>. It is likely enough that the older -of them may again break in twain, and that the English people -in the Pacific may assert as distinct a national life as the two -English peoples on either side the Atlantic. But the spirit, the -influence, of all these branches will remain one.</p> - -<p>And in thus remaining one, before half a century is over it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a></span> -will change the face of the world. As two hundred millions of -Englishmen fill the valley of the Mississippi, as fifty millions of -Englishmen <a href="#phrases51" title="List of phrases" id="ref550">assert their lordship</a> over Australasia, this vast power -will tell through Britain on the old world of Europe, whose nations -will have shrunk into insignificance before it. What the issues -of such a world-wide change may be, not even the wildest dreamer -would dare to dream. But <a href="#phrases51" title="List of phrases" id="ref551">one issue is inevitable</a>. In the centuries -that lie before us, the <a href="#phrases51" title="List of phrases" id="ref552">primacy of the world</a> will lie with the -English people. <a href="#phrases51" title="List of phrases" id="ref553">English institutions</a>, English speech, English -thought, will become the main features of the political, the social, -and the intellectual life of mankind.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> John Richard Green (1837-1883) was born at Oxford, England. -In his early life he entered the ministry and became not only an -eloquent preacher, but an effective worker among his parishioners. Ill -health caused him to resign and devote his time entirely to writing. He -was a noted English historian, the author of <cite>A History of the English -People</cite> and <cite>The Making of England</cite>. His vivid imagination enabled him to -picture the life of the people and to make history interesting and popular.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What do you think of the reasoning in the first paragraph? -2. What victory was there in the political defeat of the British -government? 3. How is the distance between England and America lessened -today? 4. How are the ties between the two countries being strengthened? -5. What does the author hint at in the last part of the second -paragraph? 6. What do you think of the prophecy in the first sentence of -the last paragraph? 7. Is his dream any nearer reality today than when the -author wrote these lines? 8. Pronounce the following: Thames; isolation; -inevitable; primacy.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases51"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref544">unequaled moment, 338, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref545">material energy, 338, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref546">impassable barrier, 338, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref547">inevitable drift, 338, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref548">narrow isolation, 338, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref549">political existences, 338, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref550">assert their lordship, 339, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref551">one issue is inevitable, 339, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref552">primacy of the world, 339, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref553">English institutions, 339, 9</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span></p> - -<h4>ENGLAND AND AMERICA IN 1782</h4> - -<p class="author">ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O Thou, that sendest out the man</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To rule by land and sea,</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases52" title="List of phrases" id="ref554">Strong mother of a Lion-line</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Be proud of those strong sons of thine</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Who <a href="#phrases52" title="List of phrases" id="ref555">wrench’d their rights</a> from thee!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">What wonder, if <a href="#phrases52" title="List of phrases" id="ref556">in noble heat</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Those men <a href="#phrases52" title="List of phrases" id="ref557">thine arms withstood</a>,</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases52" title="List of phrases" id="ref558">Re-taught the lesson thou hadst taught</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">And in thy spirit with thee fought—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Who sprang from English blood!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">But Thou rejoice with liberal joy,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Lift up <a href="#phrases52" title="List of phrases" id="ref559">thy rocky face</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">And shatter, when the storms are black,</div> -<div class="verse">In many a streaming torrent back,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The seas that shock thy base!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Whatever <a href="#phrases52" title="List of phrases" id="ref560">harmonies of law</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">The growing world assume,</div> -<div class="verse">Thy work is thine—the single note</div> -<div class="verse">From that deep chord which Hampden smote</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Will vibrate to the doom.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_49">see page 49</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> John Hampden (1594-1643) was a celebrated English -statesman and patriot. When Charles I attempted to impose a tax upon -his subjects without the authority of Parliament, Hampden refused to pay. -The King’s government brought suit against him, and although the case<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a></span> -was decided against Hampden, later the House of Lords ordered the judgment -of the court to be canceled.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Why does the poet think England should be proud of -America? 2. Name some of the rights won by those of “English blood” -before this. 3. Read the lines that tell, in figurative language, what England -and Englishmen will do when their rights are attacked. 4. Notice in the -last stanza how the words <em>harmonies</em>, <em>note</em>, <em>chord</em>, <em>smote</em>, and <em>vibrate</em> all -help to carry out the thought, expressed in figurative language. 5. What -was the “chord which Hampden smote”? 6. Is it still “vibrating”? 7. Did -the poet use the same riming scheme in each of the stanzas?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases52"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref554">strong mother of a Lion-line, 340, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref555">wrench’d their rights, 340, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref556">in noble heat, 340, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref557">thine arms withstood, 340, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref558">re-taught the lesson thou hadst taught, 340, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref559">thy rocky face, 340, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref560">harmonies of law, 340, 16</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>ENGLAND TO FREE MEN</h4> - -<p class="author">JOHN GALSWORTHY</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases53" title="List of phrases" id="ref561">Men of my blood</a>, you English men!</div> -<div class="verse">From misty hill and misty fen,</div> -<div class="verse">From cot, and town, and plow, and moor.</div> -<div class="verse">Come in—before I shut the door!</div> -<div class="verse">Into my courtyard paved with stones</div> -<div class="verse">That keep the names, that keep the bones,</div> -<div class="verse">Of none but English men who came</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases53" title="List of phrases" id="ref562">Free of their lives</a>, to guard my fame.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I am your native land <a href="#phrases53" title="List of phrases" id="ref563">who bred</a></div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases53" title="List of phrases">No driven heart</a>, no driven head;</div> -<div class="verse">I fly a flag in every sea</div> -<div class="verse">Round the old Earth, of Liberty!</div> -<div class="verse">I am the Land <a href="#phrases53" title="List of phrases" id="ref564">that boasts a crown</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">The sun comes up, the sun goes down—</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[342]</a></span> -<div class="verse">And never men may say of me,</div> -<div class="verse">Mine is a breed that is not free.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I have a wreath! My forehead wears</div> -<div class="verse">A hundred leaves—a hundred years</div> -<div class="verse">I never knew the words: “You must!”</div> -<div class="verse">And shall my wreath return to dust?</div> -<div class="verse">Freemen! <a href="#phrases53" title="List of phrases" id="ref565">The door is yet ajar</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">From northern star to southern star,</div> -<div class="verse">O ye who count and <a href="#phrases53" title="List of phrases" id="ref566">ye who delve</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Come in—before my clock strikes twelve!</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> John Galsworthy (1867-⸺) was born in Coombe, Surrey, -England, and has led the life of the typical English gentleman. After -spending five years at Harrow he went to Oxford University. In 1890 he -was admitted to the bar, but he disliked the profession of law and never -practiced it. He spent several years, after leaving college, in foreign travel, -and did not begin to write until he was thirty years old. He has written -a number of dramas dealing with social questions, such as “Justice” and -“Strife.” He is also well-known for his short stories and novels. During the -recent World War, Mr. Galsworthy served several months in an English -hospital for French soldiers.</p> - -<p>The poem “England to Free Men” was written when England was for -the first time about to adopt conscription as a method of recruiting an -army to oppose German aggression in Belgium and France.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Who is supposed to be speaking in this poem? 2. -Whom does the speaker address? 3. Of what “courtyard” does the poet -speak? 4. What is the meaning of the first two lines of the second stanza? -5. What kind of flag does the poet say England “flies in every sea”? -6. Explain the “wreath” mentioned in the last stanza. 7. What does the -poet mean by “before my clock strikes twelve”? 8. What has been -America’s attitude toward conscription? 9. What impression of the author -do you gain from this poem? 10. Tell what you know of him.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases53"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref561">men of my blood, 341, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref562">free of their lives, 341, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref563">who bred no driven heart, 341, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref564">that boasts a crown, 341, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref565">the door is yet ajar, 342, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref566">ye who delve, 342, 9</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[343]</a></span></p> - -<h4>“MEN WHO MARCH AWAY”<br /> -(Song of the Soldiers)</h4> - -<p class="author">THOMAS HARDY</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">What of <a href="#phrases54" title="List of phrases" id="ref567">the faith and fire within us</a></div> -<div class="verse indent2">Men who march away</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Ere the barn-cocks say</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Night is growing gray,</div> -<div class="verse">Leaving all that here could win us;</div> -<div class="verse">What of the faith and fire within us</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Men who march away?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Is it a <a href="#phrases54" title="List of phrases" id="ref568">purblind prank</a>, O think you,</div> -<div class="verse indent2"><a href="#phrases54" title="List of phrases" id="ref569">Friend with the musing eye</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Who watch us stepping by</div> -<div class="verse indent2">With doubt and dolorous sigh?</div> -<div class="verse">Can much pondering so hoodwink you!</div> -<div class="verse">Is it a purblind prank, O think you,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Friend with the musing eye?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Nay. We well see what we are doing,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Though some may not see,</div> -<div class="verse indent2"><a href="#phrases54" title="List of phrases" id="ref570">Dalliers as they be</a>;</div> -<div class="verse indent2">England’s need are we;</div> -<div class="verse">Her distress would leave us rueing:</div> -<div class="verse">Nay. We well see what we are doing,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Though some may not see!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">In our heart of hearts believing</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Victory crowns the just,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">And that braggarts must</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Surely <a href="#phrases54" title="List of phrases" id="ref571">bite the dust</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Press we <a href="#phrases54" title="List of phrases" id="ref572">to the field ungrieving</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">In our heart of hearts believing</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Victory crowns the just.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[344]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Hence the faith and fire within us</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Men who march away</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Ere the barn-cocks say</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Night is growing gray,</div> -<div class="verse">Leaving all that here could win us;</div> -<div class="verse">Hence the faith and fire within us</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Men who march away.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Thomas Hardy (1840-⸺) was born in Dorsetshire, -England. He was educated at local schools and by private tutors. At the -early age of sixteen he was apprenticed to an architect of Worcester, in -which line of work he made sufficient success to win a prize for design -from the Architectural Association. At the same time he was writing some -verse and an occasional short story, and was at a loss to know which kind -of work to follow for a profession. However, after 1870 he spent most -of his time in writing. He excels as a short story writer, his “The Three -Strangers” appearing in a number of lists of the one hundred best short -stories. Among his other works, <cite>Laughing Stock and Other Verses</cite>, <cite>Under -the Greenwood Tree</cite>, and <cite>A Pair of Blue Eyes</cite> are widely known. Mr. -Hardy was given the Order of Merit in 1910. The Poem “Men Who March -Away,” from <cite>Selected Poems of Thomas Hardy</cite>, was written at the time -the English soldiers were entering the World War.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What “faith and fire” must the soldier have who freely -enlists in the service of his country in war? 2. Whom does the poet address -in the second stanza? 3. Use other words instead of “purblind prank.” -4. Explain the meaning of the fourth and fifth lines of the third stanza. -5. Why does the poet say the soldiers march away to war ungrieving? -6. What reason is given for the “faith and fire” of the soldiers? 7. In the -fourth stanza, with what belief does the author accredit us? 8. What effect -does the poet create by repeating the first stanza in closing the poem?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases54"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref567">the faith and fire within us, 343, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref568">purblind prank, 343, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref569">friend with the musing eye, 343, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref570">dalliers as they be, 343, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref571">bite the dust, 343, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref572">to the field ungrieving, 343, 26</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[345]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="EARLY_AMERICAN_SPIRIT_OF_FREEDOM">EARLY AMERICAN SPIRIT OF FREEDOM</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header11.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>GRANDFATHER’S CHAIR</h4> - -<p class="author">NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE</p> - -<h5><span class="smcap">How New England Was Governed</span></h5> - -<p>The children had now learned to look upon the chair with an -interest which was almost the same as if it were <a href="#phrases55" title="List of phrases" id="ref573">a conscious -being</a> and could remember the many famous people whom it had -held within its arms.</p> - -<p>Even Charley, lawless as he was, seemed to feel that this -<a href="#phrases55" title="List of phrases" id="ref574">venerable chair</a> must not be clambered upon or overturned, -although he had no scruple in taking such liberties with every -other chair in the house. Clara treated it with still greater reverence, -often taking occasion to smooth its cushion and to brush -the dust from the carved flowers and <a href="#phrases55" title="List of phrases" id="ref575">grotesque figures</a> of its oaken -back and arms. Laurence would sometimes sit a whole hour, especially -at twilight, gazing at the chair and by the spell of his imagination -summoning up its <a href="#phrases55" title="List of phrases" id="ref576">ancient occupants</a> to appear in it again.</p> - -<p>Little Alice evidently employed herself in a similar way, for -once, when Grandfather had gone abroad, the child was heard -talking with the gentle Lady Arbella as if she were still sitting in -the chair. So sweet a child as little Alice may fitly talk with -angels such as Lady Arbella had long since become.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[346]</a></span></p> - -<p>Grandfather was soon importuned for more stories about the -chair. He had no difficulty in relating them, for it really seemed -as if every person noted in our early history had on some occasion -or other found repose within its comfortable arms. If Grandfather -took pride in anything, it was in being the possessor of -such an honorable and historic elbow-chair.</p> - -<p>“I know not precisely who next got possession of the chair -after Governor Vane went back to England,” said Grandfather, -“but there is reason to believe that President Dunster sat in it -when he held the first commencement at Harvard College. You -have often heard, children, how careful our forefathers were to -give their young people a good education. They had scarcely cut -down trees enough to make room for their own dwellings before -they began to think of establishing a college. Their principal -object was to rear up pious and learned ministers, and hence old -writers call Harvard College a school of the prophets.”</p> - -<p>“Is the college a school of the prophets now?” asked Charley.</p> - -<p>“It is a long while since I <a href="#phrases55" title="List of phrases" id="ref577">took my degree</a>, Charley. You must -ask some of the recent graduates,” answered Grandfather. “As -I was telling you, President Dunster sat in Grandfather’s chair -in 1642 when he conferred the degree of bachelor of arts on nine -young men. They were the first in America who had received -that honor. And now, my dear auditors, I must confess that -there are contradictory statements and some uncertainty about -the adventures of the chair for a period of almost ten years. -Some say that it was occupied by your own ancestor, William -Hawthorne, first Speaker of the House of Representatives. I -have nearly satisfied myself, however, that during most of this -questionable period it was literally the chair of state. It gives -me much pleasure to imagine that several successive governors -of Massachusetts sat in it at the <a href="#phrases55" title="List of phrases" id="ref578">council board</a>.”</p> - -<p>“But, Grandfather,” interposed Charley, who was a matter-of-fact -little person, “what reason have you to imagine so?”</p> - -<p>“Pray do imagine it, Grandfather,” said Laurence.</p> - -<p>“With Charley’s permission I will,” replied Grandfather, -smiling. “Let us consider it settled, therefore, that Winthrop, -Bellingham, Dudley, and Endicott, each of them, when chosen<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[347]</a></span> -governor, took his seat in our great chair on Election day. In -this chair, likewise, did those excellent governors preside while -holding consultation with the chief councilors of the province, -who were styled assistants. The governor sat in this chair, too, -whenever messages were brought to him from the chamber of -Representatives.”</p> - -<p>And here Grandfather took occasion to talk rather tediously -about the nature and forms of government that established themselves -almost spontaneously in Massachusetts and the other New -England colonies. Democracies were the natural growth of the -new world. As to Massachusetts, it was at first intended that -the colony should be governed by a council in London. But in a -little while the people had the whole power in their own hands, -and chose annually the governor, the councilors, and the representatives. -The people of Old England had never enjoyed anything -like the liberties and privileges which the settlers of New -England now possessed. And they did not adopt these modes of -government after long study, but in simplicity, as if there were -no other way for people to be ruled.</p> - -<p>“But, Laurence,” continued Grandfather, “when you want -instruction on these points you must seek it in Mr. Bancroft’s -History. I am merely telling the history of a chair. To proceed. -The period during which the governors sat in our chair -was not very full of <a href="#phrases55" title="List of phrases" id="ref579">striking incidents</a>. The province was now -established on a secure foundation, but it did not increase so -rapidly as at first, because the Puritans were no longer driven -from England by persecution. However, there was still a quiet -and natural growth. The legislature incorporated towns and -made new purchases of lands from the Indians. A very memorable -event took place in 1643. The colonies of Massachusetts, -Plymouth Connecticut, and New Haven formed a union for the -purpose of assisting each other in difficulties, for mutual defense -against their enemies. They called themselves the United Colonies -of New England.”</p> - -<p>“Were they under a government like that of the United -States?” inquired Laurence.</p> - -<p>“No,” replied Grandfather; “the different colonies did not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[348]</a></span> -compose one nation together; it was merely a confederacy among -the governments. It somewhat resembled the <a href="#phrases55" title="List of phrases" id="ref580">league of the Amphictyons</a>, -which you remember in Grecian history. But to return -to our chair. In 1644 it was highly honored, for Governor Endicott -sat in it when he <a href="#phrases55" title="List of phrases" id="ref581">gave audience</a> to an ambassador from the -French governor of Acadia, or Nova Scotia. A treaty of peace -between Massachusetts and the French colony was then signed.”</p> - -<p>“Did England allow Massachusetts to make war and peace -with foreign countries?” asked Laurence.</p> - -<p>“Massachusetts and the whole of New England were then -almost independent of the mother country,” said Grandfather. -“There was now a civil war in England, and the King, as you may -well suppose, had his hands full at home, and could pay but little -attention to these remote colonies. When the Parliament got -the power into their hands they likewise had enough to do in -keeping down the Cavaliers. Thus New England, like a young -and hardy lad whose father and mother neglect it, was left to -take care of itself. In 1646, King Charles was beheaded. Oliver -Cromwell then became Protector of England, and, as he was a -Puritan himself and had risen by the valor of the English Puritans, -he showed himself a loving and <a href="#phrases55" title="List of phrases" id="ref582">indulgent father</a> to the -Puritan colonies in America.”</p> - -<p>Grandfather might have continued to talk in this dull manner -nobody knows how long, but, suspecting that Charley would find -the subject rather dry, he looked sidewise at that vivacious little -fellow and saw him give an involuntary yawn. Whereupon -Grandfather proceeded with the history of the chair, and related -a very entertaining incident which will be found in the next -chapter.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) was a master of the -short story as a means for interpreting character. His ancestors were men -of action—soldiers, seamen, and public officials. But he was unlike them; -all his life he was a dreamer who loved solitude better than society. The -subject of his dreaming was human character, particularly the character -of the Puritan founders of New England. He told many legends of colonial -times, some of them portraying the stern methods of Governor Endicott,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[349]</a></span> -or telling a humorous story of the Pine-Tree Shillings, or recounting the -weird story of the old gray champion who defied Governor Andros. But -besides these legends he wrote stories, visions of life in which one can -scarcely draw the line between reality and illusion; stories of lovers who -sought vainly for happiness; stories of a great stone face on the mountain -side, and what it signified. Somewhat longer than these tales—<cite>Twice -Told Tales</cite> he called them—are his romances, such as <cite>The Scarlet Letter</cite>, -and <cite>The House of the Seven Gables</cite>. Besides his longer romances -he popularized New England history in the form of stories for children. -From one such book, <cite>Grandfather’s Chair</cite>, these stories have been taken.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What can you tell of the character of each of the children, -Charley, Clara, Laurence, and Alice, from their treatment of the -chair? 2. What interesting facts did you learn about Harvard College and -President Dunster? 3. Mention some of the famous governors that sat in -Grandfather’s chair. 4. What does Grandfather mean by saying that -“democracies were the natural growth of the new world”? 5. Tell about -the union known as the United Colonies of New England. 6. What famous -governor sat in the chair in 1644? 7. What was the occasion? 8. Why -was Oliver Cromwell friendly to the colonies? 9. State three interesting -facts which you have learned regarding the government of New England. -10. Pronounce the following: grotesque; importuned; tediously; spontaneously; -memorable; vivacious.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases55"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref573">a conscious being, 345, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref574">venerable chair, 345, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref575">grotesque figures, 345, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref576">ancient occupants, 345, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref577">took my degree, 346, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref578">council board, 346, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref579">striking incidents, 347, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref580">league of the Amphictyons, 348, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref581">gave audience, 348, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref582">indulgent father, 348, 21</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h5><span class="smcap">The Pine-tree Shillings</span></h5> - -<p>“According to the most <a href="#phrases56" title="List of phrases" id="ref583">authentic records</a>, my dear children,” -said Grandfather, “the chair about this time had the misfortune -to break its leg. It was probably on account of this accident that -it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts, for, -assuredly, it would have been <a href="#phrases56" title="List of phrases" id="ref584">ominous of evil</a> to the commonwealth -if the chair of state had tottered upon three legs. Being -therefore sold at auction—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair -that had figured in such high company!—our venerable friend -was <a href="#phrases56" title="List of phrases" id="ref585">knocked down</a> to a certain Captain John Hull. This old<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a></span> -gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered -that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as -serviceable as ever.”</p> - -<p>“Here is the very leg that was broken!” exclaimed Charley, -throwing himself down on the floor to look at it. “And here are -the iron clamps. How well it was mended!”</p> - -<p>When they had all sufficiently examined the broken leg Grandfather -told them a story about Captain John Hull and the Pine-tree -Shillings.</p> - -<p>The Captain John Hull aforesaid was the mint-master of -Massachusetts, and coined all the money that was made there. -This was a new line of business, for in the earlier days of the -colony the <a href="#phrases56" title="List of phrases" id="ref586">current coinage</a> consisted of gold and silver money of -England, Portugal, and Spain. These coins being scarce, the -people were often forced to <a href="#phrases56" title="List of phrases" id="ref587">barter their commodities</a> instead of -selling them.</p> - -<p>For instance, if a man wanted to buy a coat, he perhaps exchanged -a bear-skin for it. If he wished for a barrel of molasses, -he might purchase it with a pile of pine boards. Musket-bullets -were used instead of farthings. The Indians had a sort of money -called wampum, which was made of clam-shells, and this <a href="#phrases56" title="List of phrases" id="ref588">strange -sort of specie</a> was likewise taken in payment of debts by the -English settlers. Bank-bills had never been heard of. There was -not money enough of any kind, in many parts of the country, -to pay the salaries of the ministers, so that they sometimes had -to take quintals of fish, bushels of corn, or cords of wood instead -of silver or gold.</p> - -<p>As the people grew more numerous and their trade one with -another increased, the want of current money was still more -sensibly felt. To supply the demand the general court passed a -law for establishing a coinage of shillings, sixpences, and threepences. -Captain John Hull was appointed to manufacture this -money, and was to have about one shilling out of every twenty -to pay him for the trouble of making them.</p> - -<p>Hereupon all the old silver in the colony was handed over to -Captain John Hull. The battered silver cans and tankards, I -suppose, and silver buckles, and broken spoons, and silver buttons<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[351]</a></span> -of worn-out coats, and silver hilts of swords that had figured at -court—all such curious old articles were doubtless thrown into -the melting-pot together. But by far the greater part of the silver -consisted of bullion from the mines of South America, which the -<a href="#phrases56" title="List of phrases" id="ref589">English buccaneers</a>—who were little better than pirates—had -taken from the Spaniards and brought to Massachusetts.</p> - -<p>All this old and new silver being melted down and coined, the -result was an immense amount of splendid shillings, sixpences, -and threepences. Each had the date 1652 on the one side and -the figure of a pine tree on the other. Hence they were called -pine-tree shillings. And for every twenty shillings that he coined, -you will remember, Captain John Hull was entitled to put one -shilling into his own pocket.</p> - -<p>The magistrates soon began to suspect that the mint-master -would have the best of the bargain. They offered him a large -sum of money if he would but give up that twentieth shilling -which he was continually dropping into his own pocket. But -Captain Hull declared himself perfectly satisfied with the shilling. -And well he might be, for so diligently did he labor that in a few -years his pockets, his money-bags, and his strong box were over-flowing -with pine-tree shillings. This was probably the case -when he came into possession of Grandfather’s chair; and, as he -had worked so hard at the mint, it was certainly proper that he -should have a comfortable chair to rest himself in.</p> - -<p>When the mint-master had grown very rich, a young man, -Samuel Sewell by name, came a-courting to his only daughter. -His daughter—whose name I do not know, but we will call her -Betsey—was a fine, hearty damsel, by no means so slender as -some young ladies of our own days. On the contrary, having -always fed heartily on pumpkin pies, doughnuts, Indian puddings, -and other Puritan dainties, she was as round and plump as a pudding -herself. With this round, rosy Miss Betsey did Samuel -Sewell fall in love. As he was a young man of good character, -industrious in his business, and a member of the church, the mint-master -very readily gave his consent.</p> - -<p>“Yes, you may take her,” said he, in his rough way, “and you’ll -find her a heavy burden enough.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[352]</a></span></p> - -<p>On the wedding-day we may suppose that honest John Hull -dressed himself in a plum-colored coat, all the buttons of which -were made of pine-tree shillings. The buttons of his waistcoat -were sixpences, and the knees of his small clothes were buttoned -with silver threepences. Thus attired, he sat with great dignity -in Grandfather’s chair, and, being a portly old gentleman, he -completely filled it from elbow to elbow. On the opposite side of -the room, between her bridesmaids, sat Miss Betsey. She was -blushing with all her might, and looked like a full-blown peony -or a great red apple.</p> - -<p>There, too, was the bridegroom, dressed in a fine purple coat -and gold-lace waistcoat, with as much other finery as the Puritan -laws and customs would allow him to put on. His hair was -cropped close to his head, because Governor Endicott had forbidden -any man to wear it below the ears. But he was a very -<a href="#phrases56" title="List of phrases" id="ref590">personable young man</a>, and so thought the bridesmaids and Miss -Betsey herself.</p> - -<p>The mint-master also was pleased with his new son-in-law, -especially as he had courted Miss Betsey out of pure love, and -had said nothing at all about her portion. So, when the marriage -ceremony was over, Captain Hull whispered a word to two -of his men-servants, who immediately went out, and soon returned -lugging in a large pair of scales. They were such a pair -as wholesale merchants use for weighing <a href="#phrases56" title="List of phrases" id="ref591">bulky commodities</a>, and -quite a bulky commodity was now to be weighed in them.</p> - -<p>“Daughter Betsey,” said the mint-master, “get into one side -of these scales.”</p> - -<p>Miss Betsey—or Mrs. Sewell, as we must now call her—did -as she was bid, like a dutiful child, without any question of the -why and wherefore. But what her father could mean, unless to -make her husband pay for her by the pound (in which case she -would have been a dear bargain), she had not the least idea.</p> - -<p>“And now,” said honest John Hull to the servants, “bring that -box hither.”</p> - -<p>The box to which the mint-master pointed was a huge, square, -iron-bound oaken chest; it was big enough, my children, for all -four of you to play at hide-and-seek in. The servants tugged<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[353]</a></span> -with might and main, but could not lift this <a href="#phrases56" title="List of phrases" id="ref592">enormous receptacle</a>, -and were finally obliged to drag it across the floor. Captain -Hull, then took a key from his girdle, unlocked the chest, and -lifted its ponderous lid. Behold! it was full to the brim of bright -pine-tree shillings fresh from the mint, and Samuel Sewell began -to think that his father-in-law had got possession of all the money -in the Massachusetts treasury. But it was only the mint-master’s -honest share of the coinage.</p> - -<p>Then the servants, at Captain Hull’s command, heaped double -handfuls of shillings into one side of the scales while Betsey -remained in the other. Jingle, jingle, went the shillings as handful -after handful was thrown in, till, plump and ponderous as she -was, they fairly weighed the young lady from the floor.</p> - -<p>“There, son Sewell!” cried the honest mint-master, resuming -his seat in Grandfather’s chair, “take these shillings for my -daughter’s portion. Use her kindly and thank Heaven for her. -It is not every wife that’s worth her weight in silver.”</p> - -<p>The children laughed heartily at this legend, and would hardly -be convinced but that Grandfather had made it out of his own -head. He assured them faithfully, however, that he had found -it in the pages of a grave historian, and had merely tried to tell -it in a somewhat funnier style. As for Samuel Sewell, he afterward -became chief justice of Massachusetts.</p> - -<p>“Well, Grandfather,” remarked Clara, “if wedding portions -nowadays were paid as Miss Betsey’s was, young ladies would -not pride themselves upon an airy figure, as many of them do.”</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Describe bartering in the early colonial days. 2. When -was the coinage of money established by law? 3. Who was the first mint -master? 4. Upon what conditions did he manufacture the coins? 5. What -do you think of Captain Hull’s bargain? 6. Where did the silver come -from? 7. Describe the pine-tree shillings. 8. Tell the story of the romance -between Betsey Hull and Samuel Sewell. 9. To what great position did -Samuel Sewell attain? 10. Find out all you can about our government -mints today. 11. Where are some of them located? 12. Where does the -gold, silver, nickel, and copper come from? 13. Pronounce the following: -authentic; ominous; specie.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[354]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases56"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref583">authentic records, 349, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref584">ominous of evil, 349, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref585">knocked down, 349, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref586">current coinage, 350, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref587">barter their commodities, 350, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref588">strange sort of specie, 350, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref589">English buccaneers, 351, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref590">personable young man, 352, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref591">bulky commodities, 352, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref592">enormous receptacle, 353, 1</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h5><span class="smcap">The Stamp Act</span></h5> - -<p>“Charley, my boy,” said Grandfather, “do you remember who -was the last occupant of the chair?”</p> - -<p>“It was Lieutenant-governor Hutchinson,” answered Charley. -“Sir Francis Bernard, the new governor, had given him the chair -instead of putting it away in the garret of the Province-house. -And when we took leave of Hutchinson he was sitting by his fireside -and thinking of the past adventures of the chair and of what -was to come.”</p> - -<p>“Very well,” said Grandfather, “and you recollect that this -was in 1763 or thereabouts, at the close of the Old French War. -Now, that you may fully comprehend the remaining adventures -of the chair, I must make some brief remarks on the situation -and character of the New England colonies at this period.”</p> - -<p>So Grandfather spoke of the earnest loyalty of our fathers -during the Old French War and after the conquest of Canada -had brought that war to a triumphant close.</p> - -<p>The people loved and reverenced the King of England even -more than if the ocean had not rolled its waves between him -and them, for at the distance of three thousand miles they could -not discover his bad qualities and imperfections. Their love was -increased by the dangers which they had encountered in order -to heighten his glory and extend his dominion. Throughout the -war the American colonists had fought side by side with the -soldiers of Old England, and nearly thirty thousand young men -had laid down their lives for the honor of King George. And -the survivors loved him the better because they had done and -suffered so much for his sake.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[355]</a></span></p> - -<p>But there were some circumstances that caused America to -feel more independent of England than at an earlier period. -Canada and Acadia had now become British provinces, and our -fathers were no longer afraid of the bands of French and Indians -who used to assault them in old times. For a century and a half -this had been the great terror of New England. Now the old -French soldier was driven from the north forever. And even -had it been otherwise, the English colonies were growing so populous -and powerful that they might have felt fully able to protect -themselves without any help from England.</p> - -<p>There were thoughtful and <a href="#phrases57" title="List of phrases" id="ref593">sagacious men</a> who began to doubt -whether a great country like America would always be content -to remain under the government of an island three thousand -miles away. This was the more doubtful because the English -Parliament had long ago made laws which were intended to be -very beneficial to England at the expense of America. By these -laws the colonists were forbidden to manufacture articles for -their own use or to carry on trade with any nation but the English.</p> - -<p>“Now,” continued Grandfather, “if King George III and his -counselors had considered these things wisely, they would have -taken another course than they did. But when they saw how -rich and populous the colonies had grown, their first thought was -how they might make more profit out of them than heretofore. -England was enormously in debt at the close of the Old French -War, and it was pretended that this debt had been contracted for -the defense of the American colonies, and that therefore a part of -it ought to be paid by them.”</p> - -<p>“Why, this was nonsense!” exclaimed Charley. “Did not our -fathers spend their lives, and their money too, to get Canada for -King George?”</p> - -<p>“True, they did,” said Grandfather, “and they told the English -rulers so. But the King and his ministers would not listen to -good advice. In 1765 the British Parliament passed a stamp act.”</p> - -<p>“What was that?” inquired Charley.</p> - -<p>“The stamp act,” replied Grandfather, “was a law by which -all deeds, bonds, and other papers of the same kind were ordered -to be marked with the king’s stamp, and without this mark they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[356]</a></span> -were declared <a href="#phrases57" title="List of phrases" id="ref594">illegal and void</a>. Now, in order to get a blank -sheet of paper with the king’s stamp upon it, people were obliged -to pay threepence more than the actual value of the paper. And -this extra sum of threepence was a tax and was to be paid into -the king’s treasury.”</p> - -<p>“I am sure threepence was not worth quarreling about!” remarked -Clara.</p> - -<p>“It was not for threepence, nor for any amount of money, that -America quarreled with England,” replied Grandfather; “it was -for a great principle. The colonists were determined not to be -taxed except by their own representatives. They said that -neither the King and Parliament nor any other power on earth -had a right to take their money out of their pockets unless they -freely gave it. And, rather than pay threepence when it was -unjustly demanded, they resolved to sacrifice all the wealth of -the country, and their lives along with it. They therefore made -a most <a href="#phrases57" title="List of phrases" id="ref595">stubborn resistance</a> to the stamp act.”</p> - -<p>“That was noble!” exclaimed Laurence. “I understand how -it was. If they had quietly paid the tax of threepence, they -would have ceased to be freemen and would have become tributaries -of England. And so they contended about a great question -of right and wrong, and put everything at stake for it.”</p> - -<p>“You are right, Laurence,” said Grandfather, “and it was really -amazing and terrible to see what a change came over <a href="#phrases57" title="List of phrases" id="ref596">the aspect -of the people</a> the moment the English Parliament had passed this -<a href="#phrases57" title="List of phrases" id="ref597">oppressive act</a>. The former history of our chair, my children, -has given you some idea of what a harsh, unyielding, stern set of -men the old Puritans were. For a good many years back, however, -it had seemed as if these characteristics were disappearing. -But no sooner did England offer wrong to the colonies than the -descendants of the early settlers proved that they had the same -kind of temper as their forefathers. The moment before, New -England appeared like a humble and loyal <a href="#phrases57" title="List of phrases" id="ref598">subject of the Crown</a>; -the next instant she showed the grim, dark features of an old -king-resisting Puritan.”</p> - -<p>Grandfather spoke briefly of the <a href="#phrases57" title="List of phrases" id="ref599">public measures</a> that were -taken in opposition to the stamp act. As this law affected all the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[357]</a></span> -American colonies alike, it naturally led them to think of consulting -together in order to procure its repeal. For this purpose -the legislature of Massachusetts proposed that delegates from -every colony should meet in congress. Accordingly, nine colonies, -both Northern and Southern, sent delegates to the city of -New York.</p> - -<p>“And did they consult about going to war with England?” -asked Charley.</p> - -<p>“No, Charley,” answered Grandfather; “a great deal of talking -was yet to be done before England and America could come -to blows. The Congress stated the rights and grievances of the -colonists. They sent a <a href="#phrases57" title="List of phrases" id="ref600">humble petition to the King</a> and a memorial -to the Parliament beseeching that the stamp act might -be repealed. This was all that the delegates had it in their -power to do.”</p> - -<p>“They might as well have stayed at home, then,” said Charley.</p> - -<p>“By no means,” replied Grandfather. “It was a most important -and <a href="#phrases57" title="List of phrases" id="ref601">memorable event</a>, this first coming together of the -American people by their representatives from the North and -South. If England had been wise, she would have trembled at -the first word that was spoken in such an assembly.”</p> - -<p>These <a href="#phrases57" title="List of phrases" id="ref602">remonstrances and petitions</a>, as Grandfather observed, -were the work of grave, thoughtful, and prudent men. Meantime -the young and hot-headed people went to work in their own -way. It is probable that the petitions of Congress would have -had little or no effect on the British statesmen if the <a href="#phrases57" title="List of phrases" id="ref603">violent -deeds</a> of the American people had not shown how much excited -the people were. Liberty Tree was soon heard of in England.</p> - -<p>“What was Liberty Tree?” inquired Clara.</p> - -<p>“It was an old elm tree,” answered Grandfather, “which stood -near the corner of Essex street, opposite the Boylston Market. -Under the spreading branches of this great tree the people used -to assemble whenever they wished to express their feelings and -opinions. Thus, after a while it seemed as if the liberty of the -country was connected with Liberty Tree.”</p> - -<p>“It was glorious fruit for a tree to bear,” remarked Laurence.</p> - -<p>“It bore strange fruit sometimes,” said Grandfather. “One<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[358]</a></span> -morning in August, 1765, two figures were found hanging on the -sturdy branches of Liberty Tree. They were dressed in square-skirted -coats and smallclothes, and as their wigs hung down over -their faces they looked like real men. One was intended to represent -the Earl of Bute, who was supposed to have advised the -King to tax America. The other was meant for the effigy of -Andrew Oliver, a gentleman belonging to one of the most respectable -families in Massachusetts.”</p> - -<p>“What harm had he done?” inquired Charley.</p> - -<p>“The King had appointed him to be distributer of the stamps,” -answered Grandfather. “Mr. Oliver would have made a great -deal of money by this business; but the people frightened him -so much by <a href="#phrases57" title="List of phrases" id="ref604">hanging him in effigy</a>, and afterward by breaking -into his house, that he promised to have nothing to do with the -stamps. And all the King’s friends throughout America were -compelled to make the same promise.”</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Describe the loyalty of the colonists to King George. -2. Give two reasons why the colonies began to feel more and more independent. -3. What were some of the laws passed by the English Parliament -that made the colonies wish for independence? 4. What was the -Stamp Act? 5. Would you have felt as Clara did or as Laurence felt? -6. Describe the change that these wrongs wrought in the colonists. 7. Describe -the congress proposed by the Massachusetts legislature. 8. What -did this congress do? 9. Why was this congress so important? 10. How -did Liberty Tree get its name? 11. What “fruit” did it bear? 12. Pronounce -the following: comprehend; sagacious; tributaries; effigy; Parliament.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases57"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref593">sagacious men, 355, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref594">illegal and void, 356, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref595">stubborn resistance, 356, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref596">the aspect of the people, 356, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref597">oppressive act, 356, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref598">subject of the Crown, 356, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref599">public measures, 356, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref600">humble petition to the King, 357, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref601">memorable event, 357, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref602">remonstrances and petitions, 357, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref603">violent deeds, 357, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref604">hanging him in effigy, 358, 13</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[359]</a></span></p> - -<h5><span class="smcap">British Soldiers Stationed in Boston</span></h5> - -<p>The next evening, Clara, who remembered that our chair had -been left standing in the rain under Liberty Tree, earnestly besought -Grandfather to tell when and where it had next found -shelter. Perhaps she was afraid that the venerable chair, by -being <a href="#phrases58" title="List of phrases" id="ref605">exposed to the inclemency</a> of a September gale, might get -the rheumatism in its aged joints.</p> - -<p>“The chair,” said Grandfather, “after the ceremony of Mr. -Oliver’s oath, appears to have been quite forgotten by the multitude. -Indeed, being much bruised and rather rickety, owing to -the violent treatment it had suffered from the Hutchinson mob, -most people would have thought that its days of usefulness were -over. Nevertheless, it was conveyed away <a href="#phrases58" title="List of phrases" id="ref606">under cover of the -night</a> and <a href="#phrases58" title="List of phrases" id="ref607">committed to the care</a> of a <a href="#phrases58" title="List of phrases" id="ref608">skillful joiner</a>. He doctored -our old friend so successfully that in the course of a few days it -made its appearance in the public room of the British Coffee-house -in King Street.”</p> - -<p>“But why did not Mr. Hutchinson get possession of it again?” -inquired Charley.</p> - -<p>“I know not,” answered Grandfather, “unless he considered it -a dishonor and disgrace to the chair to have stood under Liberty -Tree. At all events, he suffered it to remain at the British -Coffee-house, which was the principal hotel in Boston. It could -not possibly have found a situation where it would be more in -the midst of business and bustle, or would witness more important -events, or be occupied by a greater variety of persons.”</p> - -<p>Grandfather went on to tell the proceedings of the despotic -King and ministry of England after the repeal of the stamp act. -They could not bear to think that their right to tax America -should be disputed by the people. In the year 1767, therefore, -they caused Parliament to pass an act for laying a duty on tea -and some other articles that were in general use. Nobody could -now buy a pound of tea without paying a tax to King George. -This scheme was pretty <a href="#phrases58" title="List of phrases" id="ref609">craftily contrived</a>, for the women of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[360]</a></span> -America were very fond of tea, and did not like to give up the -use of it.</p> - -<p>But the people were as much opposed to this new act of Parliament -as they had been to the stamp act. England, however, was -determined that they should submit. In order to compel their -obedience two regiments, consisting of more than seven hundred -British soldiers, were sent to Boston. They arrived in September, -1768, and were landed on Long Wharf. Thence they marched to -<a href="#phrases58" title="List of phrases" id="ref610">the Common</a> with loaded muskets, fixed bayonets, and great -<a href="#phrases58" title="List of phrases" id="ref611">pomp and parade</a>. So now at last the free town of Boston was -guarded and overawed by red-coats as it had been in the days of -old Sir Edmond Andros.</p> - -<p>In the month of November more regiments arrived. There -were now four thousand troops in Boston. The Common was -whitened with their tents. Some of the soldiers were lodged in -Faneuil Hall, which the inhabitants looked upon as a consecrated -place because it had been the scene of a great many meetings in -favor of liberty. One regiment was placed in the Town House, -which we now call the Old State House. The lower floor of this -edifice had hitherto been used by the merchants as an exchange. -In the upper stories were the chambers of the judges, the representatives, -and the governor’s council. The <a href="#phrases58" title="List of phrases" id="ref612">venerable councilors</a> -could not assemble to consult about the welfare of the province -without being challenged by sentinels and passing among the -bayonets of the British soldiers.</p> - -<p>Sentinels likewise were posted at the lodgings of the officers -in many parts of the town. When the inhabitants approached, -they were greeted by the sharp question, “Who goes there?” -while the rattle of the soldier’s musket was heard as he presented -it against their breasts. There was no quiet even on the Sabbath -day. The pious descendants of the Puritans were shocked by -the uproar of military music, the drum, fife, and bugle drowning -the holy organ-peal and the voices of the singers. It would -appear as if the British took every method to insult the feelings -of the people.</p> - -<p>“Grandfather,” cried Charley, impatiently, “the people did -not go to fighting half soon enough! These British red-coats<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[361]</a></span> -ought to have been driven back to their vessels the very moment -they landed on Long Wharf.”</p> - -<p>“Many a hot-headed young man said the same as you do, -Charley,” answered Grandfather, “but the elder and wiser people -saw that the time was not yet come. Meanwhile, let us take -another peep at our old chair.”</p> - -<p>“Ah, it drooped its head, I know,” said Charley, “when it -saw how the province was disgraced. Its old Puritan friends never -would have borne such doings.”</p> - -<p>“The chair,” proceeded Grandfather, “was now continually -occupied by some of the high Tories, as the King’s friends were -called, who frequented the British Coffee House. Officers of the -custom-house too, which stood on the opposite side of King Street, -often sat in the chair wagging their tongues against John -Hancock.”</p> - -<p>“Why against him?” asked Charley.</p> - -<p>“Because he was a great merchant and contended against -paying duties to the King,” said Grandfather.</p> - -<p>“Well, frequently, no doubt, the officers of the British regiments, -when not on duty, used to fling themselves into the arms -of our venerable chair. Fancy one of them a red-nosed captain -in his scarlet uniform, playing with the hilt of his sword and -making a circle of his brother officers merry with ridiculous jokes -at the expense of the poor Yankees. And perhaps he would call -for a bottle of wine or a steaming bowl of punch and drink confusion -to all rebels.”</p> - -<p>“Our grave old chair must have been scandalized at such -scenes,” observed Laurence—“the chair that had been the Lady -Arbella’s and which the holy apostle Eliot had consecrated.”</p> - -<p>“It certainly was little less than sacrilege,” replied Grandfather; -“but the time was coming when even the churches where -hallowed pastors had long preached the word of God were to be -torn down or desecrated by the British troops. Some years passed, -however, before such things were done.”</p> - -<p>Grandfather now told his auditors that in 1769 Sir Francis -Bernard went to England, after having been governor of Massachusetts -ten years. He was a gentleman of many good qualities,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[362]</a></span> -an excellent scholar, and a friend to learning. But he was naturally -of an <a href="#phrases58" title="List of phrases" id="ref613">arbitrary disposition</a>, and he had been bred at the -University of Oxford, where young men were taught that the -<a href="#phrases58" title="List of phrases" id="ref614">divine right of kings</a> was the only thing to be regarded in matters -of government. Such ideas were ill adapted to please the people -of Massachusetts. They rejoiced to get rid of Sir Francis Bernard, -but liked his successor, Lieutenant-governor Hutchinson, no -better than himself.</p> - -<p>About this period the people were much incensed at an act -committed by a person who held an office in the custom-house. -Some lads or young men were snowballing his windows. He -fired a musket at them and killed a poor boy only eleven years -old. This event made a great noise in town and country, and -much increased the resentment that was already felt against the -servants of the Crown.</p> - -<p>“Now, children,” said Grandfather, “I wish to make you comprehend -the position of the British troops in King Street. This is -the same which we now call State Street. On the south side of -the Town House, or Old State House, was what military men call -a <a href="#phrases58" title="List of phrases" id="ref615">court of guard</a>, defended by two brass cannons which pointed -directly at one of the doors of the above edifice. A large party -of soldiers were always stationed in the court of guard. The -custom-house stood at a little distance down King Street, nearly -where the Suffolk Bank now stands, and a sentinel was continually -pacing before its front.”</p> - -<p>“I shall remember this tomorrow,” said Charley, “and I will -go to State Street, so as to see exactly where the British troops -were stationed.”</p> - -<p>“And before long,” observed Grandfather, “I shall have to -relate an event which made King Street sadly famous on both -sides of the Atlantic. The history of our chair will soon bring -us to this melancholy business.”</p> - -<p>Here Grandfather described the state of things which arose -from the ill-will that existed between the inhabitants and the -red-coats. The old and sober part of the townspeople were very -angry at the government for sending soldiers to overawe them. -But those gray-headed men were cautious, and kept their thoughts<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[363]</a></span> -and feelings in their own breasts, without putting themselves in -the way of the British bayonets.</p> - -<p>The younger people, however, could hardly be kept <a href="#phrases58" title="List of phrases" id="ref616">within -such prudent limits</a>. They reddened with wrath at the very sight -of a soldier, and would have been willing to come to blows with -them at any moment. For it was their opinion that every tap of -a British drum within the peninsula of Boston was an insult to the -brave old town.</p> - -<p>“It was sometimes the case,” continued Grandfather, “that -affrays happened between such wild young men as these and -small parties of the soldiers. No weapons had hitherto been -used except fists or cudgels. But when men have loaded muskets -in their hands, it is easy to foretell that they will soon be turned -against the bosoms of those who provoke their anger.”</p> - -<p>“Grandfather,” said little Alice, looking fearfully into his -face, “your voice sounds as though you were going to tell us -something awful.”</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What act did Parliament pass after the repeal of the -Stamp Act? 2. What did England do to compel the colonists to submit -to this new act? 3. Why was it a good thing for the chair to be in the -British Coffee House? 4. Describe the British soldiers in Boston, on the -Common, in Faneuil Hall, and in the Old State House. 5. How was the -Sabbath spent? 6. What did the chair experience during these days? -7. What happened at the custom-house? 8. What was the difference in -behavior between the older townspeople and the younger ones? 9. What -was the King’s purpose in stationing the British soldiers in Boston? 10. -Pronounce the following: inclemency; aged; edifice; frequented.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases58"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref605">exposed to the inclemency, 359, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref606">under cover of the night, 359, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref607">committed to the care, 359, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref608">skillful joiner, 359, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref609">craftily contrived, 359, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref610">the Common, 360, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref611">pomp and parade, 360, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref612">venerable councilors, 360, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref613">arbitrary disposition, 362, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref614">divine right of kings, 362, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref615">court of guard, 362, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref616">within such prudent limits, 363, 3</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[364]</a></span></p> - -<h5><span class="smcap">The Boston Massacre</span></h5> - -<p>Little Alice, by her last remark, proved herself a good judge -of what was expressed by the tones of Grandfather’s voice. He -had given the above description of the enmity between the townspeople -and the soldiers in order to prepare the minds of his auditors -for a very terrible event. It was one that did more to -heighten the quarrel between England and America than anything -that had yet occurred.</p> - -<p>Without further preface Grandfather began the story of the -Boston Massacre.</p> - -<p>It was now the 3d of March, 1770. The sunset music of the -British regiments was heard as usual throughout the town. The -shrill fife and rattling drum <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref617">awoke the echoes</a> in King Street while -the last ray of sunshine was <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref618">lingering on the cupola</a> of the Town -House, And now all the sentinels were posted. One of them -marched up and down before the custom-house, treading a short -path through the snow and longing for the time when he would -be dismissed to the warm fireside of the guard-room. Meanwhile, -Captain Preston was perhaps sitting in our great chair -before the hearth of the British Coffee House. In the course of -the evening there were two or three slight commotions which -seemed to indicate that trouble was at hand. Small parties of -young men stood at the corners of the streets or walked along the -narrow pavements. Squads of soldiers who were dismissed from -duty passed by them, shoulder to shoulder, with the regular step -which they had learned at the drill. Whenever these encounters -took place it appeared to be the object of the young men to treat -the soldiers with as much incivility as possible.</p> - -<p>“Turn out, you <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref619">lobster-backs</a>!” one would say. “Crowd them -off the sidewalks!” another would cry. “A red-coat has no right -in Boston streets!”</p> - -<p>“Oh, you <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref620">rebel rascals</a>!” perhaps the soldiers would reply, -glaring fiercely at the young men. “Some day or other we’ll make -our way through Boston streets at the point of the bayonet!”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[365]</a></span></p> - -<p>Once or twice such disputes as these brought on a scuffle, which -passed off, however, without attracting much notice. About -eight o’clock, for some unknown cause, an alarm bell rang loudly -and hurriedly.</p> - -<p>At the sound many people ran out of their houses, supposing -it to be an alarm of fire. But there were no flames to be seen, nor -was there any smell of smoke in the clear, frosty air, so that most -of the townsmen went back to their own firesides and sat talking -with their wives and children about the calamities of the times. -Others who were younger and less prudent remained in the streets, -for there seems to have been a presentiment that some strange -event was on the eve of taking place.</p> - -<p>Later in the evening, not far from nine o’clock, several young -men passed by the Town House and walked down King Street. -The sentinel was still on his post in front of the custom-house, -pacing to and fro, while as he turned, a gleam of light from some -neighboring window glittered on the barrel of his musket. At -no great distance were the barracks and the guard-house, where -his comrades were probably telling stories of battle and bloodshed.</p> - -<p>Down toward the custom-house, as I told you, came a party -of wild young men. When they drew near the sentinel he halted -on his post and took his musket from his shoulder, ready to present -the bayonet at their breasts.</p> - -<p>“Who goes there?” he cried, in the gruff, <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref621">peremptory tones</a> of -a soldier’s challenge.</p> - -<p>The young men, being Boston boys, felt as if they had a right -to walk their own streets without being <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref622">accountable to</a> a British -red-coat, even though he challenged them in King George’s name. -They made some rude answer to the sentinel. There was a dispute, -or perhaps a scuffle. Other soldiers heard the noise, and -ran hastily from the barracks to assist their comrades. At the -same time many of the townspeople rushed into King Street by -various avenues and gathered in a crowd round about the custom-house. -It seemed wonderful how such a multitude had started -up all of a sudden.</p> - -<p>The wrongs and insults which the people had been suffering -for many months now kindled them into a rage. They threw<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[366]</a></span> -snowballs and lumps of ice at the soldiers. As the tumult grew -louder it reached the ears of Captain Preston, the officer of the -day. He immediately ordered eight soldiers of the main guard -to take their muskets and follow him. They marched across the -street, forcing their way roughly through the crowd and pricking -the townspeople with their bayonets.</p> - -<p>A gentleman (it was Henry Knox, afterward general of the -American artillery) caught Captain Preston’s arm.</p> - -<p>“For Heaven’s sake, sir,” exclaimed he, “take heed what you -do or there will be bloodshed!”</p> - -<p>“Stand aside!” answered Captain Preston, haughtily. “Do -not interfere, sir. Leave me to manage the affair.”</p> - -<p>Arriving at the sentinel’s post, Captain Preston drew up his -men in a semicircle with their faces to the crowd and their rear -to the custom-house. When the people saw the officer and beheld -the threatening attitude with which the soldiers fronted them -their rage became almost uncontrollable.</p> - -<p>“Fire, you lobster-backs!” bellowed some.</p> - -<p>“You dare not fire, you cowardly red-coats!” cried others.</p> - -<p>“Rush upon them!” shouted many voices. “Drive the rascals -to their barracks! Down with them! Down with them! Let -them fire if they dare!”</p> - -<p>Amid the uproar the soldiers stood glaring at the people with -the fierceness of men whose trade was to shed blood.</p> - -<p>Oh, what a crisis had now arrived! Up to this very moment -the angry feelings between England and America might have -been pacified. England had but to stretch out the hand of reconciliation -and acknowledge that she had hitherto mistaken her -rights, but would do so no more. Then the ancient bonds of brotherhood -would again have been knit together as firmly as in old -times. The habit of loyalty which had grown as strong as instinct -was not utterly overcome. The perils shared, the victories won, -in the Old French War, when the soldiers of the colonies fought -side by side with their comrades from beyond the sea, were unforgotten -yet. England was still that beloved country which the -colonists called their home. King George, though he had frowned -upon America, was still reverenced as a father.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[367]</a></span></p> - -<p>But should the King’s soldiers shed one drop of American -blood, then it was a quarrel to the death. Never, never would -America rest satisfied until she had torn down the royal authority -and trampled it in the dust.</p> - -<p>“Fire if you dare, villains!” hoarsely shouted the people while -the muzzles of the muskets were turned upon them. “You dare -not fire!”</p> - -<p>They appeared ready to rush upon the level bayonets. Captain -Preston waved his sword and uttered a command which -could not be distinctly heard amid the uproar of shouts that issued -from a hundred throats. But his soldiers deemed that he had -spoken the <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref623">fatal mandate</a>, “Fire!” The flash of their muskets -lighted up the street, and the report rang loudly between the -edifices. It was said, too, that the figure of a man with a cloth -hanging down over his face was seen to step into the balcony -of the custom-house and discharge a musket at the crowd.</p> - -<p>A gush of smoke had overspread the scene. It rose heavily, as -if it were <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref624">loath to reveal</a> the dreadful spectacle beneath it. Eleven -of the sons of New England lay stretched upon the street. Some, -sorely wounded, were struggling to rise again. Others stirred not -nor groaned, for they were past all pain. Blood was streaming -upon the snow, and that purple stain in the midst of King Street, -though it melted away in the next day’s sun, was never forgotten -nor forgiven by the people.</p> - -<p>Grandfather was interrupted by the violent sobs of little Alice. -In his earnestness he had neglected to soften down the narrative -so that it might not terrify the heart of this <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref625">unworldly infant</a>. -Since Grandfather began the history of our chair little Alice had -listened to many tales of war, but probably the idea had never -really impressed itself upon her mind that men had shed the blood -of their fellow-creatures. And now that this idea was forcibly -presented to her, it affected the sweet child with bewilderment -and horror.</p> - -<p>“I ought to have remembered our dear little Alice,” said -Grandfather reproachfully to himself. “Oh, what a pity! Her -heavenly nature has now received its first impression of earthly -sin and violence.—Well, Clara, take her to bed and comfort her.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[368]</a></span> -Heaven grant that she may dream away the recollection of the -Boston massacre!”</p> - -<p>“Grandfather,” said Charley when Clara and little Alice had -retired, “did not the people rush upon the soldiers and take -revenge?”</p> - -<p>“The town drums beat to arms,” replied Grandfather, “the -alarm-bells rang, and an immense multitude rushed into King -Street. Many of them had weapons in their hands. The British -prepared to defend themselves. A whole regiment was drawn up -in the street expecting an attack, for the townsmen appeared -ready to throw themselves upon the bayonets.”</p> - -<p>“And how did it end?” asked Charley.</p> - -<p>“Governor Hutchinson hurried to the spot,” said Grandfather, -“and besought the people to have patience, promising that <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref626">strict -justice</a> should be done. A day or two afterward the British troops -were withdrawn from town and stationed at Castle William. -Captain Preston and the eight soldiers were tried for murder, but -none of them were found guilty. The judges told the jury that -the insults and violence which had been offered to the soldiers -justified them in firing at the mob.”</p> - -<p>“The Revolution,” observed Laurence, who had said but little -during the evening, “was not such a calm, <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref627">majestic movement</a> as -I supposed. I do not love to hear of <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref628">mobs and broils</a> in the street. -These things were unworthy of the people when they had such a -great object to accomplish.”</p> - -<p>“Nevertheless, the world has seen no grander movement than -that of our Revolution from first to last,” said Grandfather. “The -people, to a man, were full of a great and noble sentiment. True, -there may be much fault to find with their mode of expressing this -sentiment, but they knew no better; the <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref629">necessity was upon them</a> -to act out their feelings in the best manner they could. We must -forgive what was wrong in their actions, and look into their hearts -and minds for the honorable motives that impelled them.”</p> - -<p>“And I suppose,” said Laurence, “there were men who knew -how to act worthily of what they felt.”</p> - -<p>“There were many such,” replied Grandfather, “and we will -speak of some of them hereafter.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[369]</a></span></p> - -<p>Grandfather here made a pause. That night Charley had a -dream about the Boston massacre, and thought that he himself -was in the crowd and struck down Captain Preston with a great -club. Laurence dreamed that he was sitting in our great chair -at the window of the British Coffee-house, and beheld the whole -scene which Grandfather had described. It seemed to him, in his -dream, that if the townspeople and the soldiers would have but -heard him speak a single word, all the slaughter might have been -averted. But there was such an uproar that it drowned his voice.</p> - -<p>The next morning the two boys went together to State Street -and stood on the very spot where the first blood of the Revolution -had been shed. The Old State House was still there, presenting -almost the same aspect that it had worn on that memorable evening -one and seventy years ago. It is the <a href="#phrases59" title="List of phrases" id="ref630">sole remaining witness</a> -of the Boston massacre.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Describe the scene before the custom-house on the -evening of March 3, 1770. 2. What do you think of the conduct of the -young men of Boston? 3. How did it happen that the crowd gathered so -quickly? 4. What is your opinion of Captain Preston as compared with -Henry Knox? 5. Why was the situation called a crisis? 6. How could -it have been avoided? 7. What was the effect of the fateful order? 8. Do -you admire Governor Hutchinson’s stand? 9. What happened to Captain -Preston and his soldiers? 10. What defense did Captain Preston probably -make? 11. Do you sympathize with Laurence in his feeling about the -Revolution? 12. In what respects do you think the dreams of the two -boys expressed their natures? 13. Read the paragraphs that seem to you -most thrilling and dramatic. 14. Select sentences that you think show -Hawthorne’s skill at descriptive writing. 15. Pronounce the following: -hearth; incivility; peremptory; villains.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases59"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref617">awoke the echoes, 364, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref618">lingering on the cupola, 364, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref619">lobster-backs, 364, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref620">rebel rascals, 364, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref621">peremptory tones, 365, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref622">accountable to, 365, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref623">fatal mandate, 367, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref624">loath to reveal, 367, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref625">unworldly infant, 367, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref626">strict justice, 368, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref627">majestic movement, 368, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref628">mobs and broils, 368, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref629">necessity was upon them, 368, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref630">sole remaining witness, 369, 14</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[370]</a></span></p> - -<h5><span class="smcap">Some Famous Portraits</span></h5> - -<p>The next evening the <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref631">astral lamp</a> was lighted earlier than -usual, because Laurence was very much engaged in looking over -the collection of portraits which had been his New Year’s gift -from Grandfather.</p> - -<p>Among them he found the features of more than one famous -personage who had been connected with the adventures of our old -chair. Grandfather bade him draw the table nearer to the fireside, -and they looked over the portraits together, while Clara and -Charley likewise lent their attention. As for little Alice, she sat -in Grandfather’s lap, and seemed to see the very men alive whose -faces were there represented.</p> - -<p>Turning over the volume, Laurence came to the portrait of a -stern, grim-looking man in plain attire, of much more modern -fashion than that of the old Puritans. But the face might well -have befitted one of those iron-hearted men. Beneath the portrait -was the name of Samuel Adams.</p> - -<p>“He was a man of great note in all the doings that brought -about the Revolution,” said Grandfather. “His character was -such that it seemed as if one of the ancient Puritans had been sent -back to earth to <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref632">animate the people’s hearts</a> with the same <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref633">abhorrence -of tyranny</a> that had distinguished the earliest settlers. He -was as religious as they, as stern and inflexible, and as deeply <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref634">imbued -with democratic principles</a>. He, better than any one else, -may be taken as a representative of the people of New England, -and of the spirit with which they engaged in the Revolutionary -struggle. He was a poor man, and earned his bread by a humble -occupation, but with his tongue and pen he made the King of England -tremble on his throne. Remember him, my children, as one -of the strong men of our country.”</p> - -<p>“Here is one whose looks show a very different character,” -observed Laurence, turning to the portrait of John Hancock. “I -should think, by his splendid dress and courtly aspect, that he -was one of the King’s friends.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[371]</a></span></p> - -<p>“There never was a greater contrast than between Samuel -Adams and John Hancock,” said Grandfather, “yet they were -of the same side in politics, and had an <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref635">equal agency</a> in the Revolution. -Hancock was born to the inheritance of the largest fortune -in New England. His tastes and habits were aristocratic. -He loved <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref636">gorgeous attire</a>, a splendid mansion, magnificent furniture, -stately festivals, and all that was glittering and pompous in -external things. His manners were so polished that there stood -not a nobleman at the footstool of King George’s throne who was -a more <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref637">skillful courtier</a> than John Hancock might have been. -Nevertheless, he in his embroidered clothes and Samuel Adams in -his threadbare coat wrought together in the cause of liberty. -Adams acted from pure and rigid principle. Hancock, though he -loved his country, yet thought quite as much of his own popularity -as he did of the people’s rights. It is remarkable that these two -men, so very different as I describe them, were the only two -exempted from pardon by the King’s proclamation.”</p> - -<p>On the next leaf of the book was the portrait of General -Joseph Warren. Charley recognized the name, and said that here -was a greater man than either Hancock or Adams.</p> - -<p>“Warren was an eloquent and able patriot,” replied Grandfather. -“He deserves a lasting memory for his zealous efforts -in behalf of liberty. No man’s voice was more powerful in Faneuil -Hall than Joseph Warren’s. If his death had not happened so -early in the contest, he would probably have gained a high name -as a soldier.”</p> - -<p>The next portrait was a venerable man who held his thumb -under his chin, and through his spectacles appeared to be attentively -reading a manuscript.</p> - -<p>“Here we see the most illustrious Boston boy that ever lived,” -said Grandfather. “This is Benjamin Franklin. But I will not -try to compress into a few sentences the character of the sage -who, as a Frenchman expressed it, snatched the lightning from -the sky and the scepter from a tyrant. Mr. Sparks must help -you to the knowledge of Franklin.”</p> - -<p>The book likewise contained portraits of James Otis and -Josiah Quincy. Both of them, Grandfather observed, were men<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[372]</a></span> -of wonderful talents and true patriotism. Their voices were -like the stirring tones of a trumpet arousing the country to defend -its freedom. Heaven seemed to have provided a greater number -of eloquent men than had appeared at any other period, in order -that the people might be fully instructed as to their wrongs and -the method of resistance.</p> - -<p>“It is marvelous,” said Grandfather, “to see how many powerful -writers, orators, and soldiers started up just at the time when -they were wanted. There was a man for every kind of work. It -is equally wonderful that men of such different characters were -all made to unite in the one object of establishing the freedom -and independence of America. There was an <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref638">overruling Providence</a> -above them.”</p> - -<p>“Here was another great man,” remarked Laurence, pointing -to the portrait of John Adams.</p> - -<p>“Yes; an earnest, warm-tempered, honest, and most able -man,” said Grandfather. “At the period of which we are now -speaking he was a lawyer in Boston. He was destined in after -years to be ruler over the whole American people, whom he contributed -so much to form into a nation.”</p> - -<p>Grandfather here remarked that many a New Englander who -had passed his boyhood and youth in obscurity afterward attained -to a fortune which he never could have foreseen even in his most -<a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref639">ambitious dreams</a>. John Adams, the second President of the -United States and the equal of crowned kings, was once a schoolmaster -and country lawyer. Hancock, the first signer of the -Declaration of Independence, served his apprenticeship with a -merchant. Samuel Adams, afterward governor of Massachusetts, -was a small tradesman and a tax-gatherer. General Warren was -a physician, General Lincoln a farmer, and General Knox a bookbinder. -General Nathaniel Greene, the best soldier except Washington -in the Revolutionary army, was a Quaker and a blacksmith. -All these became illustrious men, and can never be forgotten -in American history.</p> - -<p>“And any boy who is born in America may look forward to -the same things,” said our ambitious friend Charley.</p> - -<p>After these observations Grandfather drew the book of portraits<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[373]</a></span> -toward him, showed the children several British peers and -members of Parliament who had exerted themselves either for or -against the rights of America. There were the Earl of Bute, -Mr. Grenville, and Lord North. These were looked upon as -deadly enemies to our country.</p> - -<p>Among the friends of America was Mr. Pitt, afterward Earl -of Chatham, who spent so much of his wondrous eloquence in -endeavoring to warn England of the consequences of her injustice. -He fell down on the floor of the House of Lords after uttering -his almost dying words in defense of our privileges as freemen. -There was Edmund Burke, one of the wisest men and greatest -orators that ever the world produced. There was Colonel -Barré, who had been among our fathers, and knew that they had -courage enough to die for their rights. There was Charles James -Fox, who never rested until he had silenced our enemies in the -House of Commons.</p> - -<p>“It is very remarkable to observe how many of the ablest -orators in the British Parliament were favorable to America,” -said Grandfather. “We ought to remember these great Englishmen -with gratitude, for their speeches encouraged our fathers -almost as much as those of our own orators in Faneuil Hall and -under Liberty Tree. Opinions which might have been received -with doubt if expressed only by a native American were set down -as true beyond dispute when they came from the lips of Chatham, -Burke, Barré, or Fox.”</p> - -<p>“But, Grandfather,” asked Laurence, “were there no able and -eloquent men in this country who took the part of King George?”</p> - -<p>“There were many men of talent who said what they could in -defense of the King’s <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref640">tyrannical proceedings</a>,” replied Grandfather, -“but they had the worst side of the argument, and therefore -seldom said anything worth remembering. Moreover, their -hearts were faint and feeble, for they felt that the people scorned -and detested them. They had no friends, no defense, except in the -bayonets of the British troops. A <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref641">blight fell upon all their faculties</a> -because they were contending against the rights of their -own native land.”</p> - -<p>“What were the names of some of them?” inquired Charley.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[374]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Governor Hutchinson, Chief-justice Oliver, Judge Auchmuty, -the Reverend Mather Byles, and several other clergymen -were among the most noted loyalists,” answered Grandfather.</p> - -<p>“I wish the people had tarred and feathered every man of -them!” cried Charley.</p> - -<p>“That wish is very wrong, Charley,” said Grandfather. “You -must not think that there was no integrity and honor except -among those who stood up for the freedom of America. For aught -I know, there was quite as much of these qualities on one side -as on the other. Do you see nothing admirable in a <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref642">faithful -adherence</a> to an unpopular cause? Can you not respect that <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref643">principle -of loyalty</a> which made the royalists give up country, friends, -fortune, everything, rather than be false to their king? It was a -mistaken principle, but many of them cherished it honorably and -were martyrs to it.”</p> - -<p>“Oh, I was wrong,” said Charley, ingenuously. “And I would -risk my life rather than one of those good old royalists should be -tarred and feathered.”</p> - -<p>“The time is now come when we may judge fairly of them,” -continued Grandfather. “Be the good and true men among them -honored, for they were as much our countrymen as the patriots -were. And, thank Heaven! our country need not be ashamed of -her sons—of most of them at least—whatever side they took in -the Revolutionary contest.”</p> - -<p>Among the portraits was one of King George III. Little Alice -clapped her hands and seemed pleased with the <a href="#phrases60" title="List of phrases" id="ref644">bluff good nature -of his physiognomy</a>. But Laurence thought it strange that a man -with such a face, indicating hardly a common share of intellect, -should have had influence enough on human affairs to convulse -the world with war. Grandfather observed that this poor king -had always appeared to him one of the most unfortunate persons -that ever lived. He was so honest and conscientious that if he -had been only a private man his life would probably have been -blameless and happy. But his was that worst of fortunes—to be -placed in a station far beyond his abilities.</p> - -<p>“And so,” said Grandfather, “his life, while he retained what -intellect Heaven had gifted him with, was one long mortification.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[375]</a></span> -At last he grew crazed with care and trouble. For nearly twenty -years the monarch of England was confined as a madman. In his -old age, too, God took away his eyesight, so that his royal palace -was nothing to him but a dark, lonesome prison-house.”</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h6>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h6> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Describe the family group around the fireside. 2. What -is the center of interest? 3. Contrast the pictures of Samuel Adams and -John Hancock. 4. What is said about General Joseph Warren? 5. Would -you have been able to recognize Hawthorne’s word picture of Benjamin -Franklin without the name? 6. How does Grandfather explain the existence -of these remarkable men just when they were most needed? 7. Do -you know of any other time in our history when this seemed true? 8. Mention -the humble origin of some of the Revolutionary patriots. 9. What -do you think about them as fitting people to be founders of a great -democracy? 10; What suggestion was there in this for Charley? 11. Name -four famous Englishmen who took sides with the colonies. 12. What was -their great service? 13. What do you think of Grandfather’s answer to -Charley’s outburst against the loyalists? 14. Do you admire the quality -Grandfather shows of seeing both sides of a question? 15. What was -Grandfather’s comment on King George III? 16. Pronounce the following: -abhorrence; gorgeous; courtier; admirable; ingenuously.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases60"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref631">astral lamp, 370, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref632">animate the people’s hearts, 370, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref633">abhorrence of tyranny, 370, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref634">imbued with democratic principles, 370, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref635">equal agency, 371, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref636">gorgeous attire, 371, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref637">skillful courtier, 371, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref638">overruling Providence, 372, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref639">ambitious dreams, 372, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref640">tyrannical proceedings, 373, 29</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref641">blight upon their faculties, 373, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref642">faithful adherence, 374, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref643">principle of loyalty, 374, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref644">bluff good nature of his physiognomy, 374, 26</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[376]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE GRAY CHAMPION</h4> - -<p class="author">NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE</p> - -<p>There was once a time when New England groaned under the -actual pressure of heavier wrongs than those threatened ones -which brought on the Revolution. James II, the bigoted successor -of Charles the Voluptuous, had annulled the charters of all -the colonies, and sent a harsh and unprincipled soldier to take -away our liberties and endanger our religion. The administration -of Sir Edmund Andros lacked scarcely a single characteristic -of tyranny: a Governor and Council, holding office from the King, -and wholly independent of the Country; laws made and taxes -levied without concurrence of the people, immediate or by their -representatives; the rights of private citizens violated, and the -titles of all landed property declared void; the voice of complaint -stifled by restrictions on the press; and, finally, disaffection overawed -by the first band of <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref645">mercenary troops</a> that ever marched on -our free soil. For two years our ancestors were kept in sullen -submission by that <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref646">filial love</a> which had invariably secured their -allegiance to the mother country, whether its head chanced -to be a Parliament, Protector, or Monarch. Till these evil -times, however, such <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref647">allegiance had been merely nominal</a>, and the -colonists had ruled themselves, enjoying far more freedom than -even yet the privilege of the native subjects of Great Britain.</p> - -<p>At length a rumor reached our shores that the Prince of Orange -had ventured on an enterprise the success of which would be the -triumph of <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref648">civil and religious rights</a> and the salvation of New -England. It was but a doubtful whisper; it might be false, or -the attempt might fail; and, in either case, the man that stirred -against King James would lose his head. Still, the intelligence -produced a marked effect. The people smiled mysteriously in the -streets, and threw bold glances at their oppressors; while, far and -wide, there was a subdued and silent agitation, as if the slightest -signal would rouse the whole land from its <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref649">sluggish despondency</a>. -Aware of their danger, the rulers resolved to avert it by an imposing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[377]</a></span> -display of strength, and perhaps to confirm their despotism by -yet harsher measures. One afternoon in April, 1689, Sir Edmund -Andros and his favorite councilors, being warm with wine, assembled -the red-coats of the Governors’ Guard, and made their -appearance in the streets of Boston. The sun was near setting -when the march commenced.</p> - -<p>The roll of the drum, at that unquiet crisis, seemed to go -through the streets, less as the martial music of the soldiers, than -as a muster-call to the inhabitants themselves. A multitude, by -various avenues, assembled in King Street, which was destined to -be the scene, nearly a century afterwards, of another encounter -between the troops of Britain and a people struggling against her -tyranny. Though more than sixty years had elapsed since the -Pilgrims came, this crowd of their descendants still showed the -strong and somber features of their character, perhaps more strikingly -in such a stern emergency than on happier occasions. There -was the sober garb, the general <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref650">severity of mien</a>, the gloomy but -undismayed expression, the Scriptural forms of speech, and the -confidence in Heaven’s blessing on a righteous cause, which would -have marked a band of the original Puritans, when threatened -by some peril of the wilderness. Indeed, it was not yet time for -the old spirit to be extinct; since there were men in the street, that -day, who had worshiped there beneath the trees, before a house -was reared to the God for whom they had become exiles. Old soldiers -of the Parliament were here, too, smiling grimly at the -thought that their aged arms might strike another blow against -the house of Stuart. Here, also, were the veterans of King Philip’s -war, who had burned villages and slaughtered young and old, with -pious fierceness, while the godly souls throughout the land were -helping them with prayer. Several ministers were scattered among -the crowd, which, unlike all other mobs, regarded them with such -reverence as if there were sanctity in their very garments. These -holy men exerted their influence to quiet the people, but not to -disperse them. Meantime, the purpose of the Governor, in disturbing -the peace of the town, at a period when the slightest commotion -might throw the country into a ferment, was almost the -universal subject of inquiry, and variously explained.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[378]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Satan will strike his master-stroke presently,” cried some, -“because he knoweth that his time is short. All our godly pastors -are to be dragged to prison! We shall see them at a Smithfield fire -in King Street!”</p> - -<p>Hereupon the people of each parish gathered closer round their -minister, who looked calmly upwards and assumed a more <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref651">apostolic -dignity</a>, as well befitted a candidate for the highest honor -of his profession, the crown of martyrdom. It was actually fancied, -at that period, that New England might have a John Rogers -of her own, to take the place of that worthy in the Primer.</p> - -<p>“We are to be massacred, both man and male child!” cried -others.</p> - -<p>Neither was this rumor wholly discredited, although the -wiser class believed the Governor’s object somewhat less atrocious. -His predecessor under the old charter, Bradstreet, a venerable -companion of the first settlers, was known to be in town. -There were grounds for conjecturing that Sir Edmund Andros -intended, at once, to strike terror, by a parade of military force, -and to <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref652">confound the opposite faction</a> by possessing himself of -their chief.</p> - -<p>“Stand firm for the old charter, Governor!” shouted the crowd, -seizing upon the idea. “The good old Governor Bradstreet!”</p> - -<p>While this cry was at the loudest, the people were surprised -by the well-known figure of Governor Bradstreet himself, a patriarch -of nearly ninety, who appeared on the elevated steps of a -door, and, with characteristic mildness, besought them to submit -to the constituted authorities.</p> - -<p>“My children,” concluded this venerable person, “do nothing -rashly. Cry not aloud, but pray for the welfare of New England, -and expect patiently what the Lord will do in this matter!”</p> - -<p>The event was soon to be decided. All this time the roll of the -drum had been approaching through Cornhill, louder and deeper, -till with reverberations from house to house, and the regular tramp -of martial footsteps, it burst into the street. A double rank of -soldiers made their appearance, occupying the whole breadth of -the passage, with shouldered matchlocks, and matches burning, -so as to present a row of fires in the dusk. Their steady march<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[379]</a></span> -was like the progress of a machine, that would roll irresistibly -over everything in its way. Next, moving slowly, with a confused -clatter of hoofs on the pavement, rode a party of mounted gentlemen, -the central figure being Sir Edmund Andros, elderly, but -erect and soldier-like. Those around him were his favorite councilors, -and the bitterest foes of New England. At his right hand -rode Edward Randolph, our arch-enemy, that “blasted wretch,” -as Cotton Mather calls him, who achieved the downfall of our -ancient government, and was followed with a sensible curse, -through life and to his grave. On the other side was Bullivant, -scattering jests and mockery as he rode along. Dudley came behind, -with a downcast look, dreading, as well he might, to meet the -indignant gaze of the people, who beheld him, their only countryman -by birth, among the oppressors of his native land. The captain -of a frigate in the harbor, and two or three civil officers under -the Crown, were also there. But the figure which most attracted -the public eye, and stirred up the deepest feeling, was the Episcopal -clergyman of King’s Chapel, riding haughtily among the -magistrates in his priestly vestments, the fitting representative of -<a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref653">prelacy and persecution</a>, the union of Church and State, and all -those abominations which had driven the Puritans to the wilderness. -Another guard of soldiers, in double rank, brought up the -rear.</p> - -<p>The whole scene was a picture of the condition of New England, -and its moral, the deformity of any government that does -not grow out of the nature of things and the character of the -people. On one side the religious multitude, with their sad visages -and dark attire, and on the other, the group of despotic rulers, -with the High-Churchman in the midst, and here and there a -crucifix at their bosoms, all magnificently clad, flushed with wine, -proud of unjust authority, and scoffing at the universal groan. -And the mercenary soldiers, waiting but the word to deluge the -street with blood, showed the only means by which obedience -could be secured.</p> - -<p>“O Lord of Hosts,” cried a voice among the crowd, “provide a -Champion for thy people!”</p> - -<p>This ejaculation was loudly uttered, and served as a herald’s<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[380]</a></span> -cry, to introduce a remarkable personage. The crowd had rolled -back, and were now huddled together nearly at the extremity of -the street, while the soldiers had advanced no more than a third -of its length. The intervening space was empty—a paved solitude, -between lofty edifices, which threw almost a twilight shadow -over it. Suddenly, there was seen the figure of an ancient man, -who seemed to have emerged from among the people, and was -walking by himself along the center of the street, to confront the -armed band. He wore the old Puritan dress, a dark cloak and a -steeple-crowned hat, in the fashion of at least fifty years before, -with a heavy sword upon his thigh, but a staff in his hand to -assist the tremulous gait of age.</p> - -<p>When at some distance from the multitude, the old man turned -slowly round, displaying a face of antique majesty, rendered -doubly venerable by the hoary beard that descended on his breast. -He made a gesture at once of encouragement and warning, then -turned again, and resumed his way.</p> - -<p>“Who is this gray patriarch?” asked the young men of their -sires.</p> - -<p>“Who is this venerable brother?” asked the old men among -themselves.</p> - -<p>But none could make reply. The fathers of the people, those -of fourscore years and upwards, were disturbed, deeming it -strange that they should forget one of such evident authority, -whom they must have known in their early days, the associate -of Winthrop, and all the old councilors, giving laws, and making -prayers, and leading them against the savage. The elderly men -ought to have remembered him, too, with locks as gray in their -youth as their own were now. And the young! How could he -have passed so utterly from their memories—that hoary sire, the -relic of long-departed times, whose awful benediction had surely -been bestowed on their uncovered heads, in childhood?</p> - -<p>“Whence did he come? What is his purpose? Who can this -old man be?” whispered the wondering crowd.</p> - -<p>Meanwhile, the venerable stranger, staff in hand, was pursuing -his solitary walk along the center of the street. As he drew -near the advancing soldiers, and as the roll of their drum came<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[381]</a></span> -full upon his ear, the old man raised himself to a loftier mien, -while the decrepitude of age seemed to fall from his shoulders, -leaving him in gray but unbroken dignity. Now, he marched -onward with a warrior’s step, keeping time to the military music. -Thus the aged form advanced on one side, and the whole parade -of soldiers and magistrates on the other, till, when scarcely twenty -yards remained between, the old man grasped his staff by the -middle, and held it before him like a <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref654">leader’s truncheon</a>.</p> - -<p>“Stand!” cried he.</p> - -<p>The eye, the face, and attitude of command, the solemn, yet -warlike peal of that voice, fit either to rule a host in the battlefield -or be raised to God in prayer, were irresistible. At the old -man’s word and outstretched arm, the roll of the drum was hushed -at once, and the advancing line stood still. A tremulous enthusiasm -seized upon the multitude. That stately form, combining -the leader and the saint, so gray, so dimly seen, in such an ancient -garb, could only belong to some old champion of the righteous -cause, whom the oppressor’s drum had summoned from his grave. -They raised a shout of awe and exultation, and looked for the -deliverance of New England.</p> - -<p>The Governor, and the gentlemen of his party, perceiving -themselves brought to an unexpected stand, rode hastily forward, -as if they would have pressed their snorting and affrighted horses -right against the <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref655">hoary apparition</a>. He, however, blenched not a -step, but glancing his severe eye round the group, which <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref656">half -encompassed</a> him, at last bent it sternly on Sir Edmund Andros. -One would have thought that the dark old man was chief ruler -there, and that the Governor and Council, with soldiers at their -back, representing the whole power and authority of the Crown, -had no alternative but obedience.</p> - -<p>“What does this old fellow here?” cried Edward Randolph, -fiercely. “On, Sir Edmund! Bid the soldiers forward, and give -the dotard the same choice that you give all his countrymen—to -stand aside or be trampled on!”</p> - -<p>“Nay, nay, let us show respect to the good grandsire,” said -Bullivant, laughing. “See you not, he is some old <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref657">roundheaded -dignitary</a>, who hath lain asleep these thirty years, and knows<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[382]</a></span> -nothing of the change of times? Doubtless, he thinks to put us -down with a proclamation in Old Noll’s name!”</p> - -<p>“Are you mad, old man?” demanded Sir Edmund Andros, in -loud and harsh tones. “How dare you stay the march of King -James’s Governor?”</p> - -<p>“I have stayed the march of a king himself, ere now,” replied -the gray figure, with stern composure. “I am here, Sir Governor, -because the cry of an oppressed people hath disturbed me in my -secret place; and beseeching this favor earnestly of the Lord, it -was vouchsafed me to appear once again on earth, in the good old -cause of his saints. And what speak ye of James? There is no -longer a tyrant on the throne of England, and by tomorrow -noon his name shall be a byword in this very street, where -ye would make it a word of terror. Back, thou that wast a Governor, -back! With this night thy power is ended—tomorrow, the -prison!—back, lest I foretell the scaffold!”</p> - -<p>The people had been drawing nearer and nearer, and drinking -in the words of their champion, who spoke in accents long disused, -like one unaccustomed to converse, except with the dead -of many years ago. But his voice stirred their souls. They confronted -the soldiers, not wholly without arms, and ready to convert -the very stones of the street into deadly weapons. Sir -Edmund Andros looked at the old man; then he cast his hard and -cruel eye over the multitude, and beheld them burning with that -<a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref658">lurid wrath</a>, so difficult to kindle or to quench; and again he fixed -his gaze on the aged form, which stood obscurely in an open space, -where neither friend nor foe had thrust himself. What were his -thoughts, he uttered no word which might discover. But whether -the oppressor were overawed by the Gray Champion’s look, or -perceived his peril in the threatening attitude of the people, it is -certain that he gave back, and ordered his soldiers to commence -a slow and guarded retreat. Before another sunset, the Governor, -and all that rode so proudly with him, were prisoners, and long -ere it was known that James had abdicated, King William was -proclaimed throughout New England.</p> - -<p>But where was the Gray Champion? Some reported, that -when the troops had gone from King Street, and the people were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[383]</a></span> -thronging tumultuously in their rear, Bradstreet, the aged Governor, -was seen to embrace a form more aged than his own. Others -soberly affirmed, that while they marveled at the venerable -grandeur of his aspect, the old man had faded from their eyes, -melting slowly into the hues of twilight, till, where he stood, there -was an empty space. But all agreed that the hoary shape was -gone. The men of that generation watched for his reappearance, -in sunshine and in twilight, but never saw him more, nor knew -when his funeral passed, nor where his gravestone was.</p> - -<p>And who was the Gray Champion? Perhaps his name might -be found in the records of that stern Court of Justice which -passed a sentence, too mighty for the age, but glorious in all after -times, for its humbling lesson to the monarch and its high example -to the subject. I have heard, that whenever the descendants of -the Puritans are to show the spirit of their sires, the old man -appears again. When eighty years had passed, he walked once -more in King Street. Five years later, in the twilight of an April -morning, he stood on the green, beside the meeting-house, at Lexington, -where now the <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref659">obelisk of granite</a>, with a slab of slate -inlaid, commemorates the first fallen of the Revolution. And -when our fathers were toiling at the breastwork on Bunker’s Hill, -all through that night the old warrior walked his rounds. Long, -long may it be, ere he comes again! His hour is one of darkness, -and adversity, and peril. But should domestic tyranny oppress -us, or the invader’s step pollute our soil, still may the Gray -Champion come, for he is the type of New England’s hereditary -spirit, and his shadowy march, on the eve of danger, must ever -be the pledge that New England’s sons will <a href="#phrases61" title="List of phrases" id="ref660">vindicate their -ancestry</a>.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> A tradition handed down from the time of King -Philip’s war gave Hawthorne the suggestion for this story. In the attack -made upon the village of Hadley, Massachusetts, by the Indians in 1675 a -venerable man, of stately form, and with flowing white beard, suddenly -appeared among the panic-stricken villagers, took command, and helped -them put the savages to flight. Then he disappeared as suddenly as he -had come. In their wonder, not knowing where he had come from or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[384]</a></span> -where he had gone, many believed he had been sent from Heaven to -deliver them.</p> - -<p>Their defender was William Goffe, who had been an officer in Cromwell’s -army, and a member of the court which condemned Charles I to -death. (Read the reference to this court in the story.) He was a Puritan, -a man of deep religious feeling, whose acts had been governed by the -desire to secure his countrymen their liberties. When Charles II succeeded -to the English throne, Goffe fled to New England to escape his -vengeance. Officers were sent across the ocean in pursuit of him. For -this reason he lived in hiding, his name and identity being known only -to friends who aided and protected him. He had many narrow escapes, -but was never captured. From his hiding place he had seen the Indians -stealing upon the people of Hadley and had gone forth to battle against -them. After living in exile for the rest of his life, he died about 1679.</p> - -<p>In this story Hawthorne altered facts to suit his purpose, making the -Gray Champion appear at the time of the Boston Insurrection, in 1689. -In this year James II, who had succeeded his brother, Charles II, was -dethroned, and fled from his kingdom, and his son-in-law, William III, -Prince of Orange, was made King of England.</p> - -<p>The Gray Champion is made to typify the Spirit of Liberty—that -spirit which animated Goffe as a Puritan soldier under Cromwell and which -sent the Pilgrims and Puritans forth to find a home in the New World.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Read that part of the story which pictures the conditions -of New England under Andros. 2. What were the wrongs under -which the people suffered? 3. Did they submit willingly? 4. What rumor -gave them hope of a return of “civil and religious rights”? 5. How did this -rumor affect the Governor and his councilors? 6. Why was the Guard -assembled? 7. What effect upon the people had its appearance at this -time? 8. What does Hawthorne call this scene in the street? 9. What -does he say is its “moral”? 10. Who came to have the advantage, the -Governor and his soldiers, or the people? 11. Read all that accounts for -the Champion and his sudden appearance. 12. What great cause did he -come to champion? 13. What cause were Andros and his soldiers supporting? -14. Who was victorious? 15. Tell briefly the main incident. -16. Give your opinion as to Hawthorne’s purpose in writing this story.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases61"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref645">mercenary troops, 376, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref646">filial love, 376, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref647">allegiance merely nominal, 376, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref648">civil and religious rights, 376, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref649">sluggish despondency, 376, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref650">severity of mien, 377, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref651">apostolic dignity, 378, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref652">confound the opposite faction, 378, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref653">prelacy and persecution, 379, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref654">leader’s truncheon, 381, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref655">hoary apparition, 381, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref656">half encompassed, 381, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref657">roundheaded dignitary, 381, 36</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref658">lurid wrath, 382, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref659">obelisk of granite, 383, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref660">vindicate their ancestry, 383, 28</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[385]</a></span></p> - -<h4>WARREN’S ADDRESS AT THE BATTLE OF -BUNKER HILL</h4> - -<p class="author">JOHN PIERPONT</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Stand! the ground’s your own, my braves!</div> -<div class="verse">Will ye give it up to slaves?</div> -<div class="verse">Will ye look for <a href="#phrases62" title="List of phrases" id="ref661">greener graves</a>?</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Hope ye mercy still?</div> -<div class="verse">What’s the <a href="#phrases62" title="List of phrases" id="ref662">mercy despots feel</a>?</div> -<div class="verse">Hear it in that <a href="#phrases62" title="List of phrases" id="ref663">battle peal</a>!</div> -<div class="verse">Read it on yon <a href="#phrases62" title="List of phrases" id="ref664">bristling steel</a>!</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Ask it—ye who will.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Fear ye foes who kill for hire?</div> -<div class="verse">Will ye to your <em>homes</em> retire?</div> -<div class="verse">Look behind you! they’re afire!</div> -<div class="verse indent2">And, before you, see</div> -<div class="verse">Who have done it!—From the vale</div> -<div class="verse">On they come!—and will ye quail?—</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases62" title="List of phrases" id="ref665">Leaden rain</a> and <a href="#phrases62" title="List of phrases" id="ref666">iron hail</a></div> -<div class="verse indent2">Let their welcome be!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">In the God of battles trust!</div> -<div class="verse">Die we may—and die we must;</div> -<div class="verse">But, O where can dust to dust</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Be consigned so well,</div> -<div class="verse">As where heaven its dews shall shed,</div> -<div class="verse">On the martyred patriot’s bed,</div> -<div class="verse">And the rocks shall raise their head,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Of his deeds to tell?</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[386]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> John Pierpont (1785-1866) was a Unitarian clergyman of -Connecticut and the author of several volumes of poetry.</p> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> General Joseph Warren was one of the generals in -command of the patriot army at the Battle of Bunker Hill. His death -in this battle, while a great loss to the American forces, inspired the army -to heroic efforts. He is considered one of the bravest and most unselfish -patriots of the Revolutionary War. Read what your history text says -about him.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. In this poem we have the poet’s idea of how General -Warren inspired his men. 2. What do you think he did in reality? 3. Read -the lines that are an answer to those who still hoped for mercy from the -British. 4. What lines show the striking contrast between those who fight -for hire and those who fight to protect their homes? 5. Which of the -appeals in the first and second stanzas seems most forceful to you? -6. Where have you read of a hero who made an argument similar to the -one made in the third stanza? 7. How does the Bunker Hill Monument -fulfill the prophecy in the last lines of the poem? 8. Notice the interesting -rime-scheme and point out how it increases the effectiveness of the -poem.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases62"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref661">greener graves, 385, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref662">mercy despots feel, 385, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref663">battle peal, 385, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref664">bristling steel, 385, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref665">leaden rain, 385, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref666">iron hail, 385, 15</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>LIBERTY OR DEATH</h4> - -<p class="author">PATRICK HENRY</p> - -<p>Mr. President,—No man thinks more highly than I do of the -patriotism, as well as abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who -have just addressed the House. But different men often see the -same subject in different lights; and, therefore, I hope it will not -be thought disrespectful to those gentlemen, if, entertaining, as I -do, opinions of a character very opposite to theirs, I shall speak -forth my sentiments freely and without reserve. This is no time -for ceremony. The question before the House is one <a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref667">of awful -moment</a> to this country. For my own part, I consider it as nothing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[387]</a></span> -less than a question of freedom or slavery; and in proportion -to the magnitude of the subject ought to be the freedom of the -debate. It is only in this way that we can hope to arrive at truth, -and fulfill the great responsibility which we hold to God and our -country. Should I keep back my opinions at such a time, through -fear of giving offense, I should consider myself as guilty of treason -toward my country, and of an act of disloyalty toward the -Majesty of Heaven, which I revere above all earthly kings.</p> - -<p>Mr. President, it is natural to man to indulge in the <a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref668">illusions -of hope</a>. We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and -listen to the song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts. -Is this the part of wise men, engaged in a great and <a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref669">arduous struggle</a> -for liberty? Are we disposed to be of the number of those who, -having eyes, see not, and having ears, hear not, the things which -so nearly concern their <a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref670">temporal salvation</a>? For my part, whatever -<a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref671">anguish of spirit</a> it may cost, I am willing to know the whole -truth; to know the worst, and to provide for it.</p> - -<p>I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and that is -the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging of the future -but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what -there has been in the conduct of the British Ministry for the last -ten years to justify those hopes with which gentlemen have been -pleased to solace themselves and the House? Is it that <a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref672">insidious -smile</a> with which our petition has been lately received? Trust it -not, sir; it will prove a snare to your feet. Suffer not yourselves -to be betrayed with a kiss. Ask yourselves how this gracious -reception of our petition comports with those warlike preparations -which cover our waters and darken our land. Are fleets and -armies necessary to a work of love and reconciliation? Have we -shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled that force must be -called in to win back our love? Let us not deceive ourselves, sir. -These are the <a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref673">implements of war</a> and subjugation—the last arguments -to which kings resort. I ask, sir, what means this <a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref674">martial -array</a>, if its purpose be not to force us to submission? Can gentlemen -assign any other possible motive for it? Has Great Britain -any enemy, in this quarter of the world, to call for all this accumulation<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[388]</a></span> -of navies and armies? No, sir, she has none. They are -meant for us; they can be meant for no other. They are sent over -to bind and rivet upon us those chains which the British Ministry -have been so long forging. And what have we to oppose to them? -Shall we try argument? Sir, we have been trying that for the last -ten years. Have we anything new to offer upon the subject? -Nothing. We have held the subject up in every light of which it -is capable; but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to entreaty -and humble supplication? What terms shall we find, which have -not been already exhausted? Let us not, I beseech you, sir, -deceive ourselves longer. Sir, we have done everything that could -be done to avert the storm which is now coming on. We have -petitioned; we have remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have -prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its -interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the Ministry and -Parliament. Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances -have produced additional violence and insult; our supplications -have been disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, -from the foot of the throne! In vain, after these things, may we -indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation. There is no -longer any room for hope. If we wish to be free—if we mean to -<a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref675">preserve inviolate</a> those <a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref676">inestimable privileges</a> for which we have -been so long contending—if we mean not basely to abandon the -noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and which -we have pledged ourselves never to abandon, until the glorious -object of our contest shall be attained—we must fight! I repeat -it, sir, we must fight! An appeal to arms and to the God of Hosts -is all that is left us!</p> - -<p>They tell us, sir, that we are weak; unable to <a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref677">cope with so -formidable</a> an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will -it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are -totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in -every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? -Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying -<a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref678">supinely on our backs</a> and hugging the <a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref679">delusive phantom</a> of hope -until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot?</p> - -<p>Sir, we are not weak, if we make a proper use of those means<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[389]</a></span> -which the God of nature hath placed in our power. Three millions -of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such a country -as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our -enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not fight our -battles alone. There is a just God who presides over the destinies -of nations, and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for -us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, -the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election. If we -were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the -contest. There is no retreat but in submission and slavery! Our -chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard on the plains -of Boston! The war is inevitable—and let it come! I repeat it, -sir, let it come!</p> - -<p>It is in vain, sir, to <a href="#phrases63" title="List of phrases" id="ref680">extenuate the matter</a>. Gentlemen may cry, -Peace, peace!—but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! -The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears -the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the -field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? -What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to -be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty -God! I know not what course others may take; but as for -me, give me liberty or give me death!</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> Patrick Henry (1736-1799) delivered this speech at -the Virginia Convention, March 28, 1775. For some years this fiery young -orator had been active in Virginia in stirring up resistance to the tyrannical -acts of the King. In 1774 the royal governor in that colony reported that -every county was arming a company of men for the purpose of protecting -their committees, which had been formed, as in the other colonies, to work -out a plan of coöperation against the British government. In March, 1775, -the second revolutionary convention of Virginia met at Richmond. A resolution -was offered to put the colony into a state of defense. Some delegates -objected to such radical action, and it is to these men that Henry addressed -the opening sentences of his speech.</p> - -<p>The resolution was adopted. The chief command of the Virginia -forces was offered to Colonel Washington, who accepted with the words, -“It is my full intention to devote my life and fortune to the cause in which -we are engaged.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_390" id="Page_390">[390]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. From reading the first paragraph, what idea do you -get of Patrick Henry as an opponent? 2. Do you think Patrick Henry -expresses a truth for all time when he says, “In proportion to the magnitude -of the subject ought to be the freedom of the debate”? 3. Find, in your -history, the chief acts of the British Ministry for the ten years prior to -1775. 4. What are the arguments which Patrick Henry uses to convince -the delegates of the need of immediate action? 5. What did the next gale -sweeping from the north bring to their ears? 6. Notice Patrick Henry’s -use of figurative language throughout this speech. 7. Pronounce the following: -siren; illusion; arduous; solace; insidious; inestimable; formidable.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases63"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref667">of awful moment, 386, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref668">illusions of hope, 387, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref669">arduous struggle, 387, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref670">temporal salvation, 387, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref671">anguish of spirit, 387, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref672">insidious smile, 387, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref673">implements of war, 387, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref674">martial array, 387, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref675">preserve inviolate, 388, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref676">inestimable privileges, 388, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref677">cope with so formidable, 388, 29</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref678">supinely on our backs, 388, 35</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref679">delusive phantom, 388, 35</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref680">extenuate the matter, 389, 14</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>GEORGE WASHINGTON TO HIS WIFE</h4> - -<p class="right">Philadelphia, 18 June, 1775</p> - -<p class="noindent">My Dearest:</p> - -<p>I am now set down to write to you on a subject -which fills me with <a href="#phrases64" title="List of phrases" id="ref681">inexpressible concern</a>, and this concern is -greatly aggravated and increased when I reflect upon the uneasiness -I know it will give you. It has been determined in Congress -that the whole army raised for the defense of the American cause -shall be put under my care, and that it is necessary for me to -proceed immediately to Boston to take upon me the command -of it.</p> - -<p>You may believe me, my dear Patsy, when I assure you, in -the most solemn manner, that, so far from seeking this appointment, -I have used every endeavor in my power to avoid it, not -only from my unwillingness to part with you and the family, but -from a <a href="#phrases64" title="List of phrases" id="ref682">consciousness of its being a trust</a> <a href="#phrases64" title="List of phrases" id="ref683">too great for my capacity</a>, -and that I should enjoy more real happiness in one month<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[391]</a></span> -with you at home, than I have the most <a href="#phrases64" title="List of phrases" id="ref684">distant prospect</a> of finding -abroad, if my stay were to be seven times seven years. But -as it has been a kind of destiny that has thrown me upon this -service, I shall hope that my undertaking it is designed to answer -some good purpose. You might, and I suppose did <a href="#phrases64" title="List of phrases" id="ref685">perceive, from -the tenor</a> of my letters, that I was apprehensive I could not avoid -this appointment, as I did not pretend to intimate when I should -return. That was the case. It was utterly out of my power to -refuse this appointment, without <a href="#phrases64" title="List of phrases" id="ref686">exposing my character to such -censures</a> as would have reflected dishonor upon myself and given -pain to my friends. This, I am sure, could not, and ought not, -to be pleasing to you, and must have lessened me considerably in -my own esteem. I shall rely, therefore, confidently on that Providence -which has heretofore preserved and been bountiful to me, -not doubting but that I shall return safe to you in the fall. I shall -feel no pain from the toil or the danger of the campaign; my unhappiness -will flow from the uneasiness I know you will feel from -being left alone. I therefore beg that you will <a href="#phrases64" title="List of phrases" id="ref687">summon your -whole fortitude</a> and pass your time as agreeably as possible. -Nothing will give me so much sincere satisfaction as to hear this, -and to hear it from your own pen. My earnest and <a href="#phrases64" title="List of phrases" id="ref688">ardent desire</a> -is that you would pursue any plan that is most likely to produce -content and a <a href="#phrases64" title="List of phrases" id="ref689">tolerable degree of tranquillity</a>; as it must add -greatly to my uneasy feelings to hear that you are dissatisfied or -complaining at what I really could not avoid.</p> - -<p>As life is always uncertain and common <a href="#phrases64" title="List of phrases" id="ref690">prudence dictates</a> to -every man the necessity of settling his <a href="#phrases64" title="List of phrases" id="ref691">temporal concerns</a> while -it is in his power, and while the mind is calm and undisturbed, I -have, since I came to this place (for I had not time to do it before -I left home), got Colonel Pendleton to draft a will for me, by -the directions I gave him, which will I now enclose. The provision -made for you in case of my death will, I hope, be agreeable.</p> - -<p>I shall add nothing more, as I have several letters to write, but -to desire that you will remember me to your friends, and to assure -you that I am with the most <a href="#phrases64" title="List of phrases" id="ref692">unfeigned regard</a>, my dear Patsy, -your affectionate, &c.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[392]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> George Washington (1732-1799) came from Virginia -to attend the second meeting of the Continental Congress held in Philadelphia -May 10, 1775. He was at that time commander of the militia of -Virginia and sat in Congress in his colonel’s uniform. In the name of “The -United Colonies” the Congress voted to authorize the enlistment of troops, -to build and garrison forts, and to issue notes to the amount of three million -dollars, the original “Liberty Loan” in America. There was an army -of about ten thousand men encamped around Boston and these Congress -adopted as “The Continental Army.” John Adams rose in his place and -proposed the name of the Virginian, George Washington, to be commander-in-chief -of this New England army. “The gentleman,” he said, “is among -us and is very well known to us all; a gentleman whose skill and experience -as an officer, whose independent fortune, great talents, and excellent -universal character would command the approbation of all America, -and unite the cordial exertions of all the colonies better than any other -person in the Union.” The pay of the commander-in-chief was fixed at -five hundred dollars a month and on June 15 Washington received the -unanimous vote for this all-important office. His lofty stature, exceeding -six feet, his grave and handsome face, his noble bearing and courtly grace -of manner all proclaimed him worthy of the honor. In a brief speech -expressive of his high sense of the honor conferred upon him, he said, -“I beg it may be remembered by every gentleman in this room, that I this -day declare, with the utmost sincerity, that I do not think myself equal to -the command I am honored with. As to pay, I beg leave to assure the -Congress that, as no pecuniary consideration could have tempted me to -accept this arduous employment, at the expense of my domestic ease and -happiness, I do not wish to make any profit of it. I will keep an exact -account of my expenses. Those, I doubt not, they will discharge; and that -is all I desire.”</p> - -<p>As there was no time for a visit to his home, Mt. Vernon, on the -Potomac River, Washington was obliged to give his wife this important -information by letter. (In 1759 Washington had married Mrs. Martha -Custis, the widow of one of the wealthiest planters in the Virginia Colony. -She had two beautiful children at the time of her marriage, but when -Washington went north to Philadelphia Mrs. Washington was quite alone, -for her son was away from home and her daughter had died a few years -before.) Later in the year Mrs. Washington went north and spent the -winter with her husband at Craigie house, the army headquarters in -Cambridge.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Name the fine qualities of Washington shown in this -letter. 2. Read the sentence that tells briefly what has happened. 3. What -do you imagine was Mrs. Washington’s reply to this letter?</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[393]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases64"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref681">inexpressible concern, 390, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref682">consciousness of a trust, 390, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref683">too great for my capacity, 390, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref684">distant prospect, 390, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref685">perceive, from the tenor, 391, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref686">exposing my character to censures, 391, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref687">summon your fortitude, 391, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref688">ardent desire, 391, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref689">tolerable degree of tranquillity, 391, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref690">prudence dictates, 391, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref691">temporal concerns, 391, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref692">unfeigned regard, 391, 34</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>GEORGE WASHINGTON TO GOVERNOR GEORGE CLINTON</h4> - -<p class="right">Valley Forge, 16 February, 1778</p> - -<p class="noindent">Dear Sir:</p> - -<p>It is with great reluctance I trouble you on a subject -which does not properly <a href="#phrases65" title="List of phrases" id="ref693">fall within your province</a>; but it is -a subject that occasions me more distress than I have felt since -the commencement of the war; and which loudly demands the -most <a href="#phrases65" title="List of phrases" id="ref694">zealous exertions</a> of every person of weight and authority, -who is interested in the success of our affairs; I mean the present -dreadful situation of the army, for want of provision, and the -miserable prospects before us, with <a href="#phrases65" title="List of phrases" id="ref695">respect to futurity</a>. It is more -alarming than you will probably conceive; for, to form a just -idea of it, it were necessary to be on the spot. For some days -past, there has been little less than a famine in camp. A part of -the army has been a week without any kind of flesh, and the rest -three or four days. Naked and starving as they are, we cannot -enough admire the <a href="#phrases65" title="List of phrases" id="ref696">incomparable patience</a> and fidelity of the soldiery, -that they have not been, ere this, <a href="#phrases65" title="List of phrases" id="ref697">excited by their suffering -to a general mutiny and dispersion</a>. Strong <a href="#phrases65" title="List of phrases" id="ref698">symptoms, however, -of discontent</a> have appeared in particular instances; and nothing -but the most active efforts, everywhere, can long <a href="#phrases65" title="List of phrases" id="ref699">avert so shocking -a catastrophe</a>.</p> - -<p>Our present sufferings are not all. There is no foundation laid -for any <a href="#phrases65" title="List of phrases" id="ref700">adequate relief hereafter</a>. All <a href="#phrases65" title="List of phrases" id="ref701">the magazines provided</a> -in the States of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[394]</a></span> -and all the immediate additional supplies they seem capable -of affording, will not be sufficient to support the army more than -a month longer, if so long. Very little has been done at the eastward, -and as little to the southward; and whatever we have a right -to expect from those quarters must necessarily be very remote, -and is, indeed, more precarious than could be wished. When the -before-mentioned supplies are exhausted, what a terrible <a href="#phrases65" title="List of phrases" id="ref702">crisis -must ensue</a>, unless all the energy of the Continent shall be exerted -to provide a timely remedy!</p> - -<p>I am etc.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> This letter was addressed to George Clinton, governor -of New York from 1777-1795. Washington appealed to Clinton -because of the abilities and resources of New York and also because the -governor’s zeal as a patriot was well known. At the same time Washington -addressed a similar letter to the inhabitants of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, -Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, urging the farmers to provide -cattle for the use of the army. He assures them of a bountiful price as -well as the knowledge that they have rendered most essential service to -the illustrious cause of their country.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Read in your history text what is said about the winter -of 1777-1778 at Valley Forge. 2. How do the methods of conserving food -for the army in Washington’s time compare with those of our own time? -3. How does Washington hope to avert a terrible crisis? 4. Pronounce the -following: incomparable; catastrophe; adequate; precarious.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases65"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref693">fall within your province, 393, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref694">zealous exertions, 393, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref695">with respect to futurity, 393, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref696">incomparable patience, 393, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref697">excited to mutiny and dispersion, 393, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref698">symptoms of discontent, 393, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref699">avert so shocking a catastrophe, 393, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref700">adequate relief hereafter, 393, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref701">the magazines provided, 393, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref702">crisis must ensue, 394, 7</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[395]</a></span></p> - -<h4>SONG OF MARION’S MEN</h4> - -<p class="author">WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Our band is few, but <a href="#phrases66" title="List of phrases" id="ref703">true and tried</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Our leader frank and bold;</div> -<div class="verse">The British soldier trembles</div> -<div class="verse indent1">When Marion’s name is told.</div> -<div class="verse">Our fortress is the good greenwood,</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases66" title="List of phrases" id="ref704">Our tent the cypress-tree</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">We know the forest round us,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">As seamen know the sea.</div> -<div class="verse">We know its <a href="#phrases66" title="List of phrases" id="ref705">walls of thorny vines</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Its <a href="#phrases66" title="List of phrases" id="ref706">glades of reedy grass</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Its safe and silent islands</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Within the <a href="#phrases66" title="List of phrases" id="ref707">dark morass</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Woe to the English soldiery</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That little dread us near!</div> -<div class="verse">On them shall light at midnight</div> -<div class="verse indent1">A strange and sudden fear;</div> -<div class="verse">When waking to their tents on fire</div> -<div class="verse indent1">They grasp their arms in vain,</div> -<div class="verse">And they who stand to face us</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Are beat to earth again;</div> -<div class="verse">And they who fly in terror deem</div> -<div class="verse indent1">A mighty host behind,</div> -<div class="verse">And hear the tramp of thousands</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Upon the <a href="#phrases66" title="List of phrases" id="ref708">hollow wind</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Then sweet the <a href="#phrases66" title="List of phrases" id="ref709">hour that brings release</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">From danger and from toil;</div> -<div class="verse">We talk the battle over,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And share the <a href="#phrases66" title="List of phrases" id="ref710">battle’s spoil</a>.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[396]</a></span> -<div class="verse">The woodland rings with laugh and shout,</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases66" title="List of phrases" id="ref711">As if a hunt were up</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">And woodland flowers are gathered</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To crown the soldier’s cup.</div> -<div class="verse">With merry songs we mock the wind</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That in the pine-top grieves,</div> -<div class="verse">And slumber long and sweetly,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">On beds of oaken leaves.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Well knows the fair and friendly moon</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The band that Marion leads—</div> -<div class="verse">The glitter of their rifles,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The scampering of their steeds.</div> -<div class="verse">’Tis life our <a href="#phrases66" title="List of phrases" id="ref712">fiery barbs</a> to guide</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Across the moonlight plains;</div> -<div class="verse">’Tis life to feel the night-wind</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That lifts their tossing manes.</div> -<div class="verse">A moment in the British camp—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">A moment—and away</div> -<div class="verse">Back to the pathless forest,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Before the peep of day.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Grave men there are by <a href="#phrases66" title="List of phrases" id="ref713">broad Santee</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Grave men with hoary hairs,</div> -<div class="verse">Their hearts are all with Marion,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">For Marion are their prayers.</div> -<div class="verse">And lovely ladies greet our band,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With kindliest welcoming,</div> -<div class="verse">With <a href="#phrases66" title="List of phrases" id="ref714">smiles like those of summer</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And tears like those of spring.</div> -<div class="verse">For them we wear these trusty arms,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And lay them down no more</div> -<div class="verse">Till we have driven the Briton,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Forever, from our shore.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[397]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_41">see page 41</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> General Francis Marion was a general of the Revolutionary -period. He was a leader of a band of men who worried the -victorious British troops in the Carolinas in 1780 and 1781 and assisted in -driving Cornwallis north, where he surrendered at Yorktown in 1781. Marion -and his men in their greenwood fortress remind us of Robin Hood and -his merry men.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Who is speaking in this poem? 2. What does the word -“band” tell you about these men? 3. How do seamen know their way -when on the ocean? 4. How do woodsmen know their way in the forest? -5. Read the lines that picture a southern forest. 6. What does the second -stanza tell you of Marion’s method of attack? 7. Notice in the third -stanza how the men spend their leisure time. 8. When did these hours of -release occur? 9. Why is the moon called friendly? 10. Which lines show -their quickness of movement? 11. For whom are these men fighting?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases66"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref703">true and tried, 395, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref704">our tent the cypress-tree, 395, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref705">walls of thorny vines, 395, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref706">glades of reedy grass, 395, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref707">dark morass, 395, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref708">hollow wind, 395, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref709">hour that brings release, 395, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref710">battle’s spoil, 395, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref711">as if a hunt were up, 396, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref712">fiery barbs, 396, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref713">broad Santee, 396, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref714">smiles like those of summer, 396, 27</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>TIMES THAT TRY MEN’S SOULS</h4> - -<p class="author">THOMAS PAINE</p> - -<p>These are the times that try men’s souls. The <a href="#phrases67" title="List of phrases" id="ref715">summer soldier</a> -and the <a href="#phrases67" title="List of phrases" id="ref716">sunshine patriot</a> will, in this crisis, shrink from the service -of his country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and -thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; -yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the -conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too -cheap, we esteem too lightly; ’tis dearness only that gives everything -its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon -its goods; it would be strange indeed, if so <a href="#phrases67" title="List of phrases" id="ref717">celestial an article</a> as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[398]</a></span> -freedom should not be highly rated. Britain, with an army to -enforce her tyranny, has declared that she has a right, not only -to tax, but to “bind us in all cases whatsoever,” and if being -bound in that manner is not slavery, then is there not such a -thing as slavery upon earth. Even the <a href="#phrases67" title="List of phrases" id="ref718">expression is impious</a>, for -so unlimited a power can belong only to God.</p> - -<p>I have as little superstition in me as any man living, but my -secret opinion has been, and still is, that God Almighty will not -give up a people to military destruction, or leave them <a href="#phrases67" title="List of phrases" id="ref719">unsupportedly -to perish</a>, who have so earnestly and so repeatedly -sought to avoid the <a href="#phrases67" title="List of phrases" id="ref720">calamities of war</a>, by every decent method -which wisdom could invent.</p> - -<p>I once felt all that kind of anger, which a man ought to feel, -against the mean principles that are held by the tories: a noted -one, who kept a tavern at Amboy, was standing at his door, with -as pretty a child in his hand, about eight or nine years old, as I -ever saw, and after speaking his mind as freely as he thought -was prudent, finished with this unfatherly expression, “Well! -give me peace in my day.” Not a man lives on the continent but -fully believes that a separation must some time or other finally -take place, and a generous parent should have said, “If there -must be trouble, let it be in my day, that my child may have -peace”; and his <a href="#phrases67" title="List of phrases" id="ref721">single reflection</a>, well applied, is sufficient to -awaken every man to duty. Not a place upon earth might be -so happy as America. Her situation is remote from all the -wrangling world, and she has nothing to do but to trade with -them. A man can distinguish in himself between temper and -principle, and I am as confident, as I am that God governs the -world, that America will never be happy till she gets clear of -<a href="#phrases67" title="List of phrases" id="ref722">foreign dominion</a>. Wars, without ceasing, will break out till -that period arrives, and the continent must in the end be conqueror; -for though the flame of liberty may sometimes cease to -shine, the coal can never expire.</p> - -<p>The heart that feels not now, is dead; the blood of his children -will curse his cowardice, who shrinks back at a time when a little -might have saved the whole, and made them happy. I love the -man that can smile in trouble, that can gather strength from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[399]</a></span> -distress, and grow brave by reflection. ’Tis the business of little -minds to shrink; but he whose heart is firm, and whose conscience -approves his conduct, will <a href="#phrases67" title="List of phrases" id="ref723">pursue his principles</a> unto death. My -own line of reasoning is to myself as straight and clear as a ray -of light. Not all the treasures of the world, so far as I believe, -could have induced me to support an <a href="#phrases67" title="List of phrases" id="ref724">offensive war</a>, for I think it -murder; but if a thief breaks into my house, burns and destroys -my property, and kills or threatens to kill me, or those that are -in it, and to “bind me in all cases whatsoever” to his absolute -will, am I to suffer it? What signifies it to me, whether he who -does it is a king or a common man; my countryman or not my -countryman; whether it be done by an individual villain, or an -army of them? If we reason to the root of things we shall find -no difference; neither can any just cause be assigned why we -should punish in the one case and pardon in the other.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> Thomas Paine (1737-1809), an interesting figure of -the Revolutionary period, did much by his writings to help win the war. -Franklin on one occasion said, “Where liberty is, there is my home.” -Whereupon Paine answered, “Where liberty is not, there is my home.” -He came to America from England in 1774 and fought for America’s freedom -as a volunteer under Washington. After the Revolution he went to -France, where again he fought for liberty in the French Revolution.</p> - -<p>This selection is from a pamphlet called “The Crisis,” published in -1776 by Paine. Washington had lost the battle of Long Island and had -been compelled to retreat from New York toward Philadelphia. In Philadelphia -there were many royalists who hoped that England would win the -war. Washington’s soldiers, who had enlisted for short terms, were encouraged -to desert or to resign at the end of their terms. The situation was -serious.</p> - -<p>Washington ordered that “The Crisis” be read before every company -of soldiers in his army.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Select from these paragraphs sentences that would -make good mottoes. 2. What political and military situation did Paine -have in mind in the opening sentences? 3. What do you think of the -argument of the tavern-keeper at Amboy as compared with Paine’s? -4. What do we think today of our “remoteness from the wrangling -world”? 5. What, in the last one hundred years, has brought Europe<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[400]</a></span> -and America closer together than they were in Paine’s day? 6. Under -what conditions does Paine think war is justified?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases67"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref715">summer soldier, 397, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref716">sunshine patriot, 397, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref717">celestial an article, 397, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref718">expression is impious, 398, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref719">unsupportedly to perish, 398, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref720">calamities of war, 398, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref721">single reflection, 398, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref722">foreign dominion, 398, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref723">pursue his principles, 399, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref724">offensive war, 399, 6</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[401]</a></span></p> - -<h2 id="PART_IV">PART IV<br /> -<span class="smaller">LITERATURE AND LIFE IN THE HOMELAND</span></h2> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><i>“One flag, one land, one heart, one hand,</i></div> -<div class="verse"><i>One Nation evermore!”</i></div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse right">—Oliver Wendell Holmes.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[402]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 325px;"> -<img src="images/illus6.jpg" width="325" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption-cp">Copyright by M. G. Abbey (from a Copley Print, copyright by Curtis & Cameron, Boston)</p> -<p class="caption">PENN’S TREATY WITH THE INDIANS</p> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[403]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="IV_INTRO">LITERATURE AND LIFE IN THE HOMELAND<br /> -<span class="smaller">INTRODUCTION</span></h3> - -<p>It is a hard thing to picture to ourselves our Homeland. -Is America just a lot of cities and towns and farms, or a collection -of so many thousands of square miles of prairies and mountains, -the sort of thing one would see from an airplane if one could -get up high enough and had good enough eyes? Or is it a collection -of states with queer boundary lines that look plainer on a map -than they do when we cross them in the train? There are people -who try to find America in some motto or symbol. One of our -great cities has for its motto the words “I will,” and the people -who live in that city like to think that the enterprise by which -they build great industries and give work to great numbers of -people is the expression of their Americanism. And some people -see in the Statue of Liberty in the New York harbor, a statue -holding aloft a blazing torch to give light to all people, the -symbol that best expresses the spirit of America.</p> - -<p>Both the motto and the statue help us to see our country as -something more than a part of a book called “Geography” or -“History.” Both of them express what America had always -been to its citizens and what it became to the world in 1917. -We did not desire to enter the war, but when it became necessary -to do so no true American hesitated. There were great difficulties: -an army to raise and equip and train so that it could meet an -army that had been preparing for forty years to fight the world; -an army to be transported over three thousand miles of water, a -terrific task even in normal times, but made a hundred-fold harder -because of the monsters that lurked under the sea waiting a -chance to send a transport to the bottom. And once across, there -were docks and railroads to be built and a great industrial organization -to be set going. But the will of America was triumphant -and the job was done. And the statue, like the “I will,” is a -symbol of the spirit in America that has helped the spirit of -liberty throughout the world, so that we now know the day is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_404" id="Page_404">[404]</a></span> -coming when all peoples, everywhere, shall be free. We can -make a beginning, therefore, in our effort to form a picture of -what America means, by thinking of this Statue of Liberty and -of these words of high purpose, “I will.”</p> - -<p>But we must fill in the picture. No statue will do, for it, -after all, is lifeless. No motto will do, for it is only a phrase, -an inscription. A photograph on which you have written a date -or the record of a happy meeting with your friend, is very interesting -indeed, and helps you to call to mind your friend. But -in reality the photograph merely suggests to you your friend -and your happy times together. Your friend has many moods, -now sad, now gay. Your friend looks different at different times. -The history of your friendship has many events in it, and all -these go together, a thousand details, to make up your own idea -“this is my friend.” So it is with America. History and legend, -the knowledge of past events, must acquaint us with our country -as with our friend. Infinite variety of mood she has, now -stern and grave like her mountains, now placid like her vast -expanse of prairie or her waving fields of grain; now laughing -like the waters in the sunlight, or beautiful in anger as mighty -storms sweep hill and plain. And infinite, again, are her activities—great -factories and mills, lofty office buildings filled with -workers, trains speeding like mighty shuttles through vast distances, -farms filled with growing food for a world. All these -you must bring into your picture, and more, for infinite, also, -are the ideals and hopes that go to make up this many-sided -personality that we name Our Country.</p> - -<p>The selections that follow will help you to make this picture -that is to be more to us than a statue or a photograph. Some -of them are little views, snapshots of our nation’s childhood. -Others are pictures of various moods or appearances of the later -America. Some show the spirit of laughter in America; others -give some of the songs of America; and at the end are a few -pictures of America at work. All will help, but they are only -an imperfect and brief introduction to a subject that is going -to interest you all through your life: What is America to me, -and what can I do to make her happy?</p> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[405]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="EARLY_AMERICA">EARLY AMERICA</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header12.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE CHARACTER OF COLUMBUS</h4> - -<p class="author">ARCHBISHOP CORRIGAN</p> - -<p>To us it is given to behold in its full splendor what Columbus, -like another Moses on the borders of the Land of Promise, could -only discern in dim and distant outlines. And, therefore, with -Italy, the land of his birth; with Spain, the land of his adoption; -with the other nations of the globe who are debtors to his daring, -we gladly swell the universal chorus in his honor of praise and of -thanksgiving.</p> - -<p>In 1792 the ocean separated us by a journey of seventy days -from Europe; our self-government was looked upon as a problem -still to be solved; at home, facilities of travel and of intercommunication -were yet to be provided. More than this, the <a href="#phrases68" title="List of phrases" id="ref725">unworthy -innuendoes</a>, the base as well as baseless charges that -sought to tarnish the fair fame of Columbus, had not been removed -by patient historical research and <a href="#phrases68" title="List of phrases" id="ref726">critical acumen</a>. Fortunately, -these clouds that gathered around the exploits of the -great discoverer have been almost entirely dispelled, thanks -especially to the initiative of a son of our Empire State, the -immortal Washington Irving.</p> - -<p>I beg to present Columbus as a man of science and a man of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_406" id="Page_406">[406]</a></span> -faith. As a scientist, considering the time in which he lived, he -eminently deserves our respect. Both in theory and in practice -he was one of the best geographers and cosmographers of the age. -According to reliable historians, before he set out to discover new -seas, he had navigated the whole extent of those already known. -Moreover, he had studied so many authors and to such advantage -that Alexander von Humboldt affirmed: “When we consider his -life we must feel astonishment at the extent of his literary -acquaintance.”</p> - -<p>Columbus took nothing for granted. While he bowed reverently -to the teachings of his faith, he brushed away as cobwebs -certain interpretations of Scripture more fanciful than real, and -calmly maintained that the Word of God cannot be in conflict -with scientific truth. The project of bearing Christ over the -waters sank deeply into his heart. Time and again he alludes to -it as the main object of his researches and the aim of his labors. -Other motives of action undoubtedly he had, but they were a -means to an end.</p> - -<p>Moreover, may we not reasonably assume that the great navigator, -after all, was a willing instrument in the hands of God? -The old order was changing. Three great inventions, already -beginning to exert a most <a href="#phrases68" title="List of phrases" id="ref727">potent influence</a>, were destined to revolutionize -the world—the printing-press, which led to the revival -of learning; the use of gun-powder, which changed the methods of -warfare; the mariner’s compass, which permitted the sailor to -tempt boldly even unknown seas.</p> - -<p>These three great <a href="#phrases68" title="List of phrases" id="ref728">factors of civilization</a>, each in its own way, -so stimulated human thought that the discovery of America was -plainly in the designs of that Providence which “reacheth from -end to end mightily and ordereth all things sweetly.”</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Michael Augustine Corrigan (1839-1902) was born in Newark, -New Jersey. He became Archbishop of New York and was a distinguished -Prelate. This selection is taken from a Columbus Day address -he gave in Chicago in 1892.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Explain the comparison found in the second line. 2. -What claims does the author make for Columbus as a scientific man?<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[407]</a></span> -3. What great inventions occurred previous to Columbus’s voyage that -affected his discovery of America? 4. Do you think the spirit of adventure -had something to do with Columbus’s discovery? Pronounce the following: -government; acumen; exploits; geographers; alludes.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases68"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref725">unworthy innuendoes, 405, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref726">critical acumen, 405, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref727">potent influence, 406, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref728">factors of civilization, 406, 27</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE LANDING OF THE PILGRIM FATHERS</h4> - -<p class="author">FELICIA HEMANS</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The breaking waves dashed high</div> -<div class="verse indent1">On a stern and rock-bound coast,</div> -<div class="verse">And the woods against a stormy sky</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Their giant branches tossed;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And the heavy night <a href="#phrases69" title="List of phrases" id="ref729">hung dark</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">The hills and waters o’er,</div> -<div class="verse">When a band of exiles moored their bark</div> -<div class="verse indent1">On the wild New England shore.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Not as the conqueror comes,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">They, the true-hearted, came;</div> -<div class="verse">Not with the roll of the <a href="#phrases69" title="List of phrases" id="ref730">stirring drums</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And the trumpet that sings of fame;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Not as the flying come,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In silence and in fear;</div> -<div class="verse">They shook the depths of the desert gloom</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With their hymns of lofty cheer.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Amidst the storm they sang,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And the stars heard and the sea;</div> -<div class="verse">And the sounding aisles of the dim woods rang</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To the anthem of the free!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The ocean eagle soared</div> -<div class="verse indent1">From his nest by the white wave’s foam;</div> -<div class="verse">And the rocking pines of the forest roared—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">This was their welcome home!</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_408" id="Page_408">[408]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">There were men with <a href="#phrases69" title="List of phrases" id="ref731">hoary hair</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Amidst that <a href="#phrases69" title="List of phrases" id="ref732">pilgrim band</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">Why had <em>they</em> come to wither there,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Away from their childhood’s land?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">There was woman’s fearless eye,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Lit by her deep love’s truth;</div> -<div class="verse">There was manhood’s brow serenely high,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And the fiery heart of youth.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">What sought they thus afar?</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Bright jewels of the mine?</div> -<div class="verse">The wealth of seas, the <a href="#phrases69" title="List of phrases" id="ref733">spoils of war</a>?</div> -<div class="verse indent1">They sought a <a href="#phrases69" title="List of phrases" id="ref734">faith’s pure shrine</a>!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Ay, call it holy ground,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The soil where first they trod.</div> -<div class="verse">They have left unstained what there they found—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Freedom to worship God.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Felicia Hemans (1793-1835), an English poet, was born in -Liverpool. She began to write poetry when young, and in 1819 won a prize -of £50 offered for the best poem on “The Meeting of Wallace and Bruce -on the Banks of the Carron.” She is best known by her short poems, some -of which have become standard English lyrics, such as “The Landing of -the Pilgrim Fathers,” “Treasures of the Deep,” and “Casabianca.”</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What picture do the first two stanzas give you? 2. Compare -the coming of a conqueror with the coming of these early settlers. -3. What different kinds of persons composed the “pilgrim band”? 4. Why -did they come to this new country? 5. Why does the poet say “holy -ground”? 6. What legacy have the Pilgrims left us?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases69"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref729">hung dark, 407, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref730">stirring drums, 407, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref731">hoary hair, 408, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref732">pilgrim band, 408, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref733">spoils of war, 408, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref734">faith’s pure shrine, 408, 12</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[409]</a></span></p> - -<h4>PHILIP OF POKANOKET<br /> -AN INDIAN MEMOIR</h4> - -<p class="author">WASHINGTON IRVING</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">As monumental bronze unchanged his look;</div> -<div class="verse">A soul that pity touch’d but never shook;</div> -<div class="verse">Train’d from his tree-rock’d cradle to his bier,</div> -<div class="verse">The fierce extremes of good and ill to brook</div> -<div class="verse">Impassive—fearing but the shame of fear—</div> -<div class="verse">A stoic of the woods—a man without a tear.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse right"><span class="smcap">Campbell.</span></div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>It is to be regretted that those early writers, who treated of the -discovery and settlement of America, have not given us more particular -and candid accounts of the remarkable characters that -flourished in savage life. The scanty anecdotes which have -reached us are full of peculiarity and interest; they furnish us with -nearer glimpses of human nature, and show what man is in a comparatively -primitive state, and what he owes to civilization. -There is something of the charm of discovery in lighting upon -these wild and unexplored tracts of human nature; in witnessing, -as it were, the native growth of moral sentiment, and perceiving -those generous and romantic qualities which have been <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref735">artificially -cultivated</a> by society, <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref736">vegetating in spontaneous hardihood</a> and -rude magnificence.</p> - -<p>In civilized life, where the happiness, and indeed almost the -existence, of man depends so much upon the opinion of his fellow-men, -he is constantly acting a studied part. The bold and peculiar -traits of native character are refined away, or softened down by -the leveling influence of what is termed good-breeding; and he -practices so many <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref737">petty deceptions</a>, and <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref738">affects so many generous -sentiments</a>, for the purposes of popularity, that it is difficult to -distinguish his real from his artificial character. The Indian, on -the contrary, free from the restraints and refinements of polished<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[410]</a></span> -life, and, in a great degree, a solitary and independent being, -obeys the <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref739">impulses of his inclination</a> or the <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref740">dictates of his judgment</a>; -and thus the attributes of his nature, being freely indulged, -grow singly great and striking. Society is like a lawn, where every -roughness is smoothed, every bramble eradicated, and where the -eye is delighted by the <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref741">smiling verdure</a> of a velvet surface; he, -however, who would study nature in its wildness and variety, must -plunge into the forest, must explore the glen, must stem the torrent, -and dare the precipice.</p> - -<p>These reflections arose on casually looking through a volume of -early colonial history, wherein are recorded, with great bitterness, -the outrages of the Indians, and their wars with the settlers of -New England. It is painful to perceive even from these partial -narratives, how the <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref742">footsteps of civilization</a> may be traced in the -blood of the aborigines; how easily the colonists were moved to -hostility by the lust of conquest; how merciless and exterminating -was their warfare. The imagination shrinks at the idea, how -many intellectual beings were hunted from the earth, how many -brave and noble hearts, of nature’s <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref743">sterling coinage</a>, were broken -down and trampled in the dust!</p> - -<p>Such was the fate of Philip of Pokanoket, an Indian warrior, -whose name was once a terror throughout Massachusetts and Connecticut. -He was the most distinguished of a number of contemporary -Sachems who reigned over the Pequods, the Narragansets, -the Wampanoags, and the other eastern tribes, at the time of the -first settlement of New England; a band of native untaught -heroes, who made the most generous struggle of which human -nature is capable; fighting to the last gasp in the cause of their -country, without a hope of victory or a thought of renown. -Worthy of an age of poetry, and fit subjects for local story and -romantic fiction, they have left scarcely <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref744">any authentic traces</a> on -the page of history, but stalk, like gigantic shadows, in the <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref745">dim -twilight of tradition</a>.</p> - -<p>When the pilgrims, as the Plymouth settlers are called by -their descendants, first took refuge on the shores of the New -World, from the religious persecutions of the Old, their situation -was to the last degree gloomy and disheartening. Few in number,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[411]</a></span> -and that number rapidly perishing away through sickness -and hardships; surrounded by a howling wilderness and savage -tribes; exposed to the rigors of an almost arctic winter, and the -vicissitudes of an ever-shifting climate; their minds were filled -with <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref746">doleful forebodings</a>, and nothing preserved them from sinking -into despondency but the strong excitement of religious enthusiasm. -In this forlorn situation they were visited by Massasoit, -chief Sagamore of the Wampanoags, a powerful chief, who reigned -over a great extent of country. Instead of taking advantage of -the scanty number of the strangers, and expelling them from his -territories, into which they had intruded, he seemed at once to -conceive for them a generous friendship, and extended toward -them the <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref747">rites of primitive hospitality</a>. He came early in the -spring to their settlement of New Plymouth, attended by a mere -handful of followers, entered into a solemn league of peace and -amity; sold them a portion of the soil, and promised to secure for -them the good-will of his savage allies. Whatever may be said of -Indian perfidy, it is certain that the integrity and good faith of -Massasoit have never been impeached. He continued a firm and -magnanimous friend of the white men; suffering them to extend -their possessions, and to strengthen themselves in the land; and -betraying no jealousy of their increasing power and prosperity. -Shortly before his death he came once more to New Plymouth, -with his son Alexander, for the purpose of renewing the covenant -of peace, and of securing it to his posterity.</p> - -<p>At this conference he endeavored to protect the religion of his -forefathers from the <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref748">encroaching zeal</a> of the missionaries; and -stipulated that no further attempt should be made to draw off his -people from their ancient faith; but, finding the English obstinately -opposed to any such condition, he mildly relinquished -the demand. Almost the last act of his life was to bring his two -sons, Alexander and Philip (as they had been named by the English), -to the residence of a principal settler, recommending mutual -kindness and confidence; and entreating that the same love and -amity which had existed between the white men and himself -might be continued afterwards with his children. The good old -Sachem died in peace, and was happily gathered to his fathers<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_412" id="Page_412">[412]</a></span> -before sorrow came upon his tribe; his children remained behind -to experience the ingratitude of white men.</p> - -<p>His eldest son, Alexander, succeeded him. He was of a quick -and impetuous temper, and <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref749">proudly tenacious</a> of his <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref750">hereditary -rights and dignity</a>. The <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref751">intrusive policy</a> and dictatorial conduct -of the strangers excited his indignation; and he beheld with uneasiness -their exterminating wars with the neighboring tribes. -He was doomed soon to incur their hostility, being accused of -plotting with the Narragansets to rise against the English and -drive them from the land. It is impossible to say whether this -accusation was warranted by facts or was grounded on mere suspicion. -It is evident, however, by the violent and overbearing -measures of the settlers, that they had by this time begun to feel -conscious of the rapid increase of their power, and to grow harsh -and inconsiderate in their treatment of the natives. They despatched -an armed force to seize upon Alexander, and to bring -him before their courts. He was traced to his woodland haunts, -and surprised at a hunting house, where he was reposing with a -band of his followers, unarmed, <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref752">after the toils of the chase</a>. The -suddenness of his arrest, and the outrage offered to his <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref753">sovereign -dignity</a>, so preyed upon the irascible feelings of this proud savage, -as to throw him into a raging fever. He was permitted to return -home, on condition of sending his son as a pledge for his reappearance; -but the blow he had received was fatal, and before he had -reached his home he fell a victim to the agonies of a wounded -spirit.</p> - -<p>The successor of Alexander was Metacomet, or King Philip, -as he was called by the settlers, on account of his lofty spirit and -ambitious temper. These, together with his well-known energy -and enterprise, had rendered him an object of great jealousy and -apprehension, and he was accused of having always cherished a -secret and <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref754">implacable hostility</a> toward the whites. Such may -very probably, and very naturally, have been the case. He considered -them as originally but mere intruders into the country, -who had presumed upon indulgence, and were extending an influence -baneful to savage life. He saw the whole race of his countrymen -melting before them from the face of the earth; their territories<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[413]</a></span> -slipping from their hands, and their tribes becoming feeble, -scattered, and dependent. It may be said that the soil was originally -purchased by the settlers; but who does not know the nature -of Indian purchases, in the early periods of colonization? The -Europeans always made thrifty bargains through their <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref755">superior -adroitness</a> in traffic; and they gained vast accessions of territory -by <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref756">easily provoked hostilities</a>. An uncultivated savage is never a -nice inquirer into the refinements of law, by which an injury may -be gradually and legally inflicted. Leading facts are all by which -he judges; and it was enough for Philip to know that before the -intrusion of the Europeans his countrymen were lords of the soil, -and that now they were becoming vagabonds in the land of their -fathers.</p> - -<p>But whatever may have been his feelings of general hostility, -and his particular indignation at the treatment of his brother, he -suppressed them for the present, renewed the contract with the -settlers, and resided peaceably for many years at Pokanoket, or, -as it was called by the English, Mount Hope, the ancient seat of -dominion of his tribe. Suspicions, however, which were at first -but vague and indefinite, began to acquire form and substance; -and he was at length charged with attempting to instigate the -various Eastern tribes to rise at once, and, by a simultaneous -effort, to throw off the yoke of their oppressors. It is difficult at -this distant period to assign the proper credit due to these early -accusations against the Indians. There was a <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref757">proneness to suspicion</a>, -and an aptness to acts of violence, on the part of the whites, -that gave weight and importance to every idle tale. Informers -abounded where talebearing met with countenance and reward; -and the sword was readily unsheathed when its success was certain, -and it carved out empire.</p> - -<p>The only positive evidence on record against Philip is the -accusation of one Sausaman, a renegado Indian, whose natural -cunning had been quickened by a partial education which he had -received among the settlers. He changed his faith and his allegiance -two or three times, with a facility that evinced the looseness -of his principles. He had acted for some time as Philip’s -confidential secretary and counselor and had enjoyed his bounty<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[414]</a></span> -and protection. Finding, however, that the clouds of adversity -were gathering round his patron, he abandoned his service and -went over to the whites; and, in order to gain their favor, charged -his former benefactor with plotting against their safety. A rigorous -investigation took place. Philip and several of his subjects -submitted to be examined, but nothing was proved against them. -The settlers, however, had now gone too far to retract; they had -previously determined that Philip was a dangerous neighbor; -they had publicly evinced their distrust; and had done enough to -insure his hostility; according, therefore, to the usual mode of -reasoning in these cases, his destruction had become necessary to -their security. Sausaman, the treacherous informer, was shortly -afterwards found dead in a pond, having fallen a victim to the -vengeance of his tribe. Three Indians, one of whom was a friend -and counselor of Philip, were apprehended and tried, and, on the -testimony of one very questionable witness, were condemned and -executed as murderers.</p> - -<p>This treatment of his subjects, and <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref758">ignominious punishment</a> of -his friend, outraged the pride and <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref759">exasperated the passions</a> of -Philip. The bolt which had fallen thus at his very feet awakened -him to the gathering storm, and he determined to trust himself -no longer in the power of the white men. The fate of his insulted -and broken-hearted brother still rankled in his mind and he had -a further warning in the tragical story of Miantonimo, a great -Sachem of the Narragansets, who, after manfully facing his accusers -before a tribunal of the colonists, exculpating himself from -a charge of conspiracy, and receiving assurances of amity, had -been <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref760">perfidiously despatched</a> at their instigation. Philip, therefore, -gathered his fighting men about him; persuaded all strangers -that he could, to join his cause; sent the women and children to -the Narragansets for safety; and, wherever he appeared, was -continually surrounded by armed warriors.</p> - -<p>When the two parties were thus in a state of distrust and irritation, -the least spark was sufficient to set them in a flame. The -Indians, having weapons in their hands, grew mischievous, and -committed various petty depredations. In one of their maraudings -a warrior was fired on and killed by a settler. This was the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[415]</a></span> -signal for open hostilities; the Indians pressed to revenge the -death of their comrade, and the alarm of war resounded through -the Plymouth colony.</p> - -<p>In the early chronicles of these dark and melancholy times we -meet with many indications of the diseased state of the public -mind. The gloom of <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref761">religious abstraction</a>, and the wildness of -their situation, among trackless forests and savage tribes, had -disposed the colonists to <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref762">superstitious fancies</a>, and had filled their -imaginations with the <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref763">frightful chimeras of witchcraft</a> and spectrology. -They were much given also to a belief in omens. The -troubles with Philip and his Indians were preceded, we are told, -by a variety of those awful warnings which forerun great and -public calamities. The perfect form of an Indian bow appeared -in the air at New Plymouth, which was looked upon by the inhabitants -as a “prodigious apparition,” At Hadley, Northampton, -and other towns in their neighborhood, “was heard the report of a -great piece of ordnance, with a shaking of the earth and a considerable -echo.” Others were alarmed on a still, sunshiny morning, -by the discharge of guns and muskets; bullets seemed to -whistle past them, and the noise of drums resounded in the air, -seeming to pass away to the westward; others fancied that they -heard the galloping of horses over their heads; and certain monstrous -births, which took place about the time, filled the superstitious -in some towns with doleful forebodings. Many of these -<a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref764">portentous sights and sounds</a> may be ascribed to natural phenomena: -to the northern lights which occur vividly in those latitudes; -the meteors which explode in the air; the casual rushing -of a blast through the top branches of the forest; the crash of -fallen trees or disrupted rocks; and to those other uncouth sounds -and echoes which will sometimes strike the ear so strangely amidst -the profound stillness of woodland solitudes. These may have -startled some melancholy imaginations, may have been exaggerated -by the love of the marvelous, and listened to with that -avidity with which we devour whatever is fearful and mysterious. -The universal currency of these superstitious fancies, and the -grave record made of them by one of the learned men of the day, -are strongly characteristic of the times.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_416" id="Page_416">[416]</a></span></p> - -<p>The nature of the contest that ensued was such as too often -distinguishes the warfare between civilized men and savages. -On the part of the whites it was conducted with superior skill -and success; but with a wastefulness of the blood, and a disregard -of the natural rights of their antagonists; on the part of the -Indians it was waged with the desperation of men fearless of -death, and who had nothing to expect from peace, but humiliation, -dependence, and decay.</p> - -<p>The events of the war are transmitted to us by a worthy -clergyman of the time, who dwells with horror and indignation on -every hostile act of the Indians, however justifiable, whilst he -mentions with applause the most sanguinary atrocities of the -whites. Philip is reviled as a murderer and a traitor, without -considering that he was a true born prince, gallantly fighting at -the head of his subjects to avenge the wrongs of his family, to -retrieve the tottering power of his line, and to deliver his native -land from the oppression of usurping strangers.</p> - -<p>The project of a wide and simultaneous revolt, if such had -really been formed, was worthy of a <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref765">capacious mind</a>, and, had it -not been prematurely discovered, might have been overwhelming -in its consequences. The war that actually broke out was but a -war of detail, a mere succession of <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref766">casual exploits</a> and unconnected -enterprises. Still it sets forth the military genius and -daring prowess of Philip; and wherever, in the prejudiced and -passionate narrations that have been given of it, we can arrive at -simple facts, we find him displaying a vigorous mind, a <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref767">fertility -of expedients</a>, a contempt of suffering and hardship, and an unconquerable -resolution, that command our sympathy and -applause.</p> - -<p>Driven from his paternal domains at Mount Hope, he threw -himself into the depths of those vast and trackless forests that -skirted the settlements, and were almost impervious to anything -but a wild beast or an Indian. Here he gathered together his -forces, like the storm accumulating its stores of mischief in the -bosom of the thunder cloud, and would suddenly emerge at a time -and place least expected, carrying havoc and dismay into the -villages. There were now and then indications of these <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref768">impending -ravages</a>, that filled the minds of the colonists with awe and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_417" id="Page_417">[417]</a></span> -apprehension. The report of a distant gun would perhaps be -heard from the solitary woodlands, where there was known to be -no white man; the cattle which had been wandering in the woods -would sometimes return home wounded; or an Indian or two -would be seen lurking about the skirts of the forests, and suddenly -disappearing; as the lightning will sometimes be seen playing -silently about the edge of the cloud that is brewing up the -tempest.</p> - -<p>Though sometimes pursued and even surrounded by the settlers, -yet Philip as often escaped almost miraculously from their -toils, and, plunging into the wilderness, would be lost to all search -or inquiry, until he again emerged at some far distant quarter, -laying the country desolate. Among his strongholds were the -great swamps or morasses, which extend in some parts of New -England; composed of loose bogs of deep black mud; perplexed -with thickets, brambles, rank weeds, the shattered and moldering -trunks of fallen trees, overshadowed by <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref769">lugubrious hemlocks</a>. -The uncertain footing and the tangled mazes of these shaggy -wilds rendered them almost impracticable to the white man, -though the Indian could thread their labyrinths with the agility -of a deer. Into one of these, the great swamp of Pocasset Neck, -was Philip once driven with a band of his followers. The English -did not dare to pursue him, fearing to venture into these dark and -frightful recesses, where they might perish in fens and miry pits, -or be shot down by lurking foes. They therefore invested the -entrance to the Neck, and began to build a fort, with the thought -of starving out the foe; but Philip and his warriors wafted themselves -on a raft over an arm of the sea, in the dead of the night, -leaving the women and children behind; and escaped away to the -westward, kindling the flames of war among the tribes of Massachusetts -and the Nipmuck country, and threatening the colony of -Connecticut.</p> - -<p>In this way Philip became a theme of universal apprehension. -The mystery in which he was enveloped exaggerated his real -terrors. He was an evil that walked in darkness; whose coming -none could foresee, and against which none knew when to be on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_418" id="Page_418">[418]</a></span> -the alert. The whole country abounded with rumors and alarms. -Philip seemed almost <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref770">possessed of ubiquity</a>; for, in whatever part -of the widely-extended frontier an irruption from the forest took -place, Philip was said to be its leader. Many superstitious notions -also were circulated concerning him. He was said to deal -in necromancy, and to be attended by an old Indian witch or -prophetess, whom he consulted, and who assisted him by her -charms and incantations. This indeed was frequently the case -with Indian chiefs; either through their own credulity, or to act -upon that of their followers; and the influence of the prophet and -the dreamer over Indian superstition has been fully evidenced in -recent instances of savage warfare.</p> - -<p>At the time that Philip effected his escape from Pocasset, his -fortunes were in a desperate condition. His forces had been -thinned by repeated fights, and he had lost almost the whole of -his resources. In this time of adversity he found a faithful friend -in Canonchet, chief Sachem of all the Narragansets. He was the -son and heir of Miantonimo, the great Sachem, who, as already -mentioned, after an honorable acquittal of the charge of conspiracy, -had been privately put to death at the <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref771">perfidious instigations</a> -of the settlers. “He was the heir,” says the old chronicler, -“of all his father’s pride and insolence, as well as of his -malice toward the English”;—he certainly was the heir of his -insults and injuries, and the <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref772">legitimate avenger</a> of his murder. -Though he had forborne to take an active part in this hopeless -war, yet he received Philip and his broken forces with open arms; -and gave them the most generous countenance and support. This -at once drew upon him the hostility of the English; and it was -determined to strike a signal blow that should involve both the -Sachems in one common ruin. A great force was, therefore, -gathered together from Massachusetts, Plymouth, and Connecticut, -and was sent into the Narraganset country in the depth of -winter, when the swamps, being frozen and leafless, could be -traversed with <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref773">comparative facility</a>, and would no longer afford -dark and impenetrable fastnesses to the Indians.</p> - -<p>Apprehensive of attack, Canonchet had conveyed the greater -part of his stores, together with the old, the infirm, the women<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_419" id="Page_419">[419]</a></span> -and children of his tribe, to a strong fortress; where he and Philip -had likewise drawn up the flower of their forces. This fortress, -deemed by the Indians impregnable, was situated upon a rising -mound or kind of island, of five or six acres, in the midst of a -swamp; it was constructed with a degree of judgment and skill -vastly superior to what is usually displayed in Indian fortification, -and indicative of the martial genius of these two chieftains.</p> - -<p>Guided by a renegado Indian, the English penetrated, through -December snows, to this stronghold, and came upon the garrison -by surprise. The fight was fierce and tumultuous. The assailants -were repulsed in their first attack, and several of their bravest -officers were shot down in the act of storming the fortress sword in -hand. The assault was renewed with greater success. A lodgment -was effected. The Indians were driven from one post to -another. They disputed their ground inch by inch, fighting with -the fury of despair. Most of their veterans were cut to pieces; -and after a long and bloody battle, Philip and Canonchet, with a -handful of surviving warriors, retreated from the fort, and took -refuge in the thickets of the surrounding forest.</p> - -<p>The victors set fire to the wigwams and the fort; the whole -was soon in a blaze; many of the old men, the women, and the -children perished in the flames. This last outrage overcame even -the stoicism of the savage. The neighboring woods resounded -with the yells of rage and despair, uttered by the fugitive warriors, -as they beheld the destruction of their dwellings, and heard -the agonizing cries of their wives and offspring. “The burning of -the wigwams,” says a contemporary writer, “the shrieks and cries -of the women and children, and the yelling of the warriors, exhibited -a most horrible and affecting scene, so that it greatly moved -some of the soldiers.” The same writer cautiously adds, “They -were in <em>much doubt</em> then, and afterwards seriously inquired, -whether burning their enemies alive could be consistent with -humanity, and the benevolent principles of the Gospel.”</p> - -<p>The fate of the brave and generous Canonchet is worthy of -particular mention: the last scene of his life is one of the noblest -instances on record of Indian magnanimity.</p> - -<p>Broken down in his power and resources by this signal defeat,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_420" id="Page_420">[420]</a></span> -yet faithful to his ally, and to the hapless cause which he had -espoused, he rejected all overtures of peace, offered on condition -of betraying Philip and his followers, and declared that “he -would fight it out to the last man, rather than become a servant -to the English.” His home being destroyed, his country harassed -and laid waste by the <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref774">incursions of the conquerors</a>, he was obliged -to wander away to the banks of the Connecticut; where he formed -a rallying point to the whole body of western Indians, and laid -waste several of the English settlements.</p> - -<p>Early in the spring he departed on a hazardous expedition, -with only thirty chosen men, to penetrate to Seaconck, in the -vicinity of Mount Hope, and to procure seed corn to plant for -the sustenance of his troops. This little band of adventurers had -passed safely through the Pequod country, and were in the center -of the Narraganset, resting at some wigwams near Pawtucket -River, when an alarm was given of an approaching enemy. Having -but seven men by him at the time, Canonchet dispatched -two of them to the top of a neighboring hill, to bring intelligence -of the foe.</p> - -<p>Panic-struck by the appearance of a troop of English and -Indians rapidly advancing, they fled in breathless terror past their -chieftain, without stopping to inform him of the danger. Canonchet -sent another scout, who did the same. He then sent two -more, one of whom, hurrying back in confusion and affright, told -him that the whole British army was at hand. Canonchet saw -there was no choice but immediate flight. He attempted to escape -round the hill, but was perceived and hotly pursued by the hostile -Indians and a few of the fleetest of the English. Finding the -swiftest pursuer close upon his heels, he threw off, first his blanket, -then his silver-laced coat and belt of peag, by which his enemies -knew him to be Canonchet, and redoubled the eagerness of pursuit.</p> - -<p>At length, in dashing through the river, his foot slipped upon -a stone, and he fell so deep as to wet his gun. This accident so -struck him with despair, that, as he afterwards confessed, “his -heart and his bowels turned within him, and he became like a -rotten stick, void of strength.”</p> - -<p>To such a degree was he unnerved that, being seized by a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_421" id="Page_421">[421]</a></span> -Pequod Indian within a short distance of the river, he made no -resistance, though a man of great vigor of body and boldness of -heart. But on being made prisoner the whole pride of his spirit -arose within him; and from that moment we find, in the anecdotes -given by his enemies, nothing but repeated flashes of elevated -and prince-like heroism. Being questioned by one of the -English who first came up with him, and who had not attained -his twenty-second year, the proud-hearted warrior, looking with -lofty contempt upon his youthful countenance, replied, “You are -a child—you cannot understand matters of war—let your brother -or your chief come—him will I answer.”</p> - -<p>Though repeated offers were made to him of his life, on condition -of submitting with his nation to the English, yet he rejected -them with disdain, and refused to send any proposals of the kind -to the great body of his subjects; saying that he knew none of -them would comply. Being reproached with his breach of faith -toward the whites, his boast that he would not deliver up a -Wampanoag nor the paring of a Wampanoag’s nail, and his threat -that he would burn the English alive in their houses, he disdained -to justify himself, haughtily answering that others were as forward -for the war as himself, and he desired to hear no more -thereof.</p> - -<p>So noble and unshaken a spirit, so true a fidelity to his cause -and his friend, might have touched the feelings of the generous -and the brave; but Canonchet was an Indian, a being toward -whom war had no courtesy, humanity no law, religion no compassion—he -was condemned to die. The last words of him that -are recorded are worthy the greatness of his soul. When sentence -of death was passed upon him, he observed that he liked it well, -for he should die before his heart was soft, or he had spoken any -thing unworthy of himself. His enemies gave him the death of -a soldier, for he was shot at Stoningham, by three young Sachems -of his own rank.</p> - -<p>The defeat at the Narraganset fortress, and the death of -Canonchet, were fatal blows to the fortunes of King Philip. He -made an ineffectual attempt to raise a head of war, by stirring up -the Mohawks to take arms; but though possessed of the native<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_422" id="Page_422">[422]</a></span> -talents of a statesman, his arts were counteracted by the superior -arts of his enlightened enemies, and the terror of their warlike -skill began to <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref775">subdue the resolution</a> of the neighboring tribes. -The unfortunate chieftain saw himself daily stripped of power, -and his ranks rapidly thinning around him. Some were <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref776">suborned -by the whites</a>; others fell victims to hunger and fatigue, and to -the frequent attacks by which they were harassed. His stores -were all captured; his chosen friends were swept away from before -his eyes; his uncle was shot down by his side; his sister was carried -into captivity; and in one of his narrow escapes he was compelled -to leave his beloved wife and only son to the mercy of the -enemy. “His ruin,” says the historian, “being thus gradually -carried on, his misery was not prevented, but augmented thereby; -being himself made acquainted with the sense and experimental -feeling of the captivity of his children, loss of friends, slaughter -of his subjects, bereavement of all family relations, and being -stripped of all outward comforts, before his own life should be -taken away.”</p> - -<p>To fill up the measure of his misfortunes, his own followers -began to plot against his life, that by sacrificing him they might -purchase dishonorable safety. Through treachery a number of -his faithful adherents, the subjects of Wetamoe, an Indian princess -of Pocasset, a near kinswoman and confederate of Philip, were -betrayed into the hands of the enemy. Wetamoe was among -them at the time, and attempted to make her escape by crossing -a neighboring river; either exhausted by swimming, or starved by -cold and hunger, she was found dead and naked near the water -side.</p> - -<p>However Philip had borne up against the complicated miseries -and misfortunes that surrounded him, the treachery of his -followers seemed to wring his heart and reduce him to despondency. -It is said that “he never rejoiced afterwards, nor had -success in any of his designs.” The spring of hope was broken—the -ardor of enterprise was extinguished—he looked around, -and all was danger and darkness; there was no eye to pity, nor -any arm that could bring deliverance. With a scanty band of -followers, who still remained true to his desperate fortunes, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_423" id="Page_423">[423]</a></span> -unhappy Philip wandered back to the vicinity of Mount Hope, -the ancient dwelling of his fathers. Here he lurked about, like -a specter, among the scenes of former power and prosperity, now -bereft of home, of family, and friend. There needs no better picture -of his destitute and piteous situation than that furnished by -the homely pen of the chronicler, who is unwarily enlisting the -feelings of the reader in favor of the hapless warrior whom he -reviles. “Philip,” he says, “like a savage wild beast, having been -hunted by the English forces through the woods, above a hundred -miles backward and forward, at last was driven to his own den -upon Mount Hope, where he retired, with a few of his best friends, -into a swamp, which proved but a prison to keep him fast till the -messengers of death came by divine permission to execute vengeance -upon him.”</p> - -<p>Even in this last refuge of desperation and despair, a <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref777">sullen -grandeur</a> gathers round his memory. We picture him to ourselves -seated among his careworn followers, brooding in silence -over his blasted fortunes, and acquiring a <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref778">savage sublimity</a> from -the wildness and dreariness of his lurking-place. Defeated, but -not dismayed—crushed to the earth, but not humiliated—he -seemed to grow more haughty beneath disaster, and to experience -a fierce satisfaction in draining the last dregs of bitterness. Little -minds are tamed and subdued by misfortune; but great minds -rise above it. The very idea of submission awakened the fury of -Philip, and he smote to death one of his followers, who proposed -an expedient of peace. The brother of the victim made his escape, -and in revenge betrayed the retreat of his chieftain. A body of -white men and Indians were immediately dispatched to the -swamp where Philip lay crouched, glaring with fury and despair. -Before he was aware of their approach, they had begun to surround -him. In a little while he saw five of his trustiest followers -laid dead at his feet; all resistance was vain; he rushed forth from -his covert, and made a headlong attempt to escape, but was shot -through the heart by a renegado Indian of his own nation.</p> - -<p>Such is the scanty story of the brave but unfortunate King -Philip; persecuted while living, slandered and dishonored when -dead. If, however, we consider even the prejudiced anecdotes<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_424" id="Page_424">[424]</a></span> -furnished us by his enemies, we may perceive in them traces of -amiable and lofty character sufficient to awaken sympathy for -his fate and respect for his memory. We find that, amidst all the -harassing cares and ferocious passions of constant warfare, he -was alive to the softer feelings of connubial love and paternal -tenderness, and to the generous sentiment of friendship. The -captivity of his “beloved wife and only son” are mentioned with -exultation as causing him poignant misery; the death of any near -friend is triumphantly recorded as a new blow on his sensibilities; -but the treachery and desertion of many of his followers, in whose -affections he had confided, is said to have desolated his heart, and -to have bereaved him of all further comfort. He was a patriot -attached to his native soil—a prince true to his subjects, and -indignant of their wrongs—a soldier, daring in battle, firm in -adversity, patient of fatigue, of hunger, of every variety of bodily -suffering, and ready to perish in the cause he had espoused. Proud -of heart, and with an untamable love of natural liberty, he preferred -to enjoy it among the beasts of the forests or in the dismal -and famished recesses of swamps and morasses, rather than bow -his haughty spirit to submission, and live dependent and despised -in the ease and luxury of the settlements. With heroic qualities -and bold achievements that would have <a href="#phrases70" title="List of phrases" id="ref779">graced a civilized warrior</a> -and have rendered him the theme of the poet and the historian, -he lived a wanderer and a fugitive in his native land, and went -down, like a lonely bark foundering amid darkness and tempest—without -a pitying eye to weep his fall or a friendly hand to -record his struggle.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Washington Irving (1783-1859) was born in New York -City in the very year in which the Treaty of Peace that ended the Revolutionary -War was signed. He was destined to do for American literature -what the War had already done for the American government and people—make -it respected among all nations. Irving’s mother said, “Washington’s -great work is done; let us name our boy Washington,” little dreaming -when thus naming him after the Father of his Country that he should one -day come to be called the “Father of American Letters.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_425" id="Page_425">[425]</a></span></p> - -<p>On April 30, 1789, when this little boy was six years old, his father took -him to Federal Hall in Wall Street, to witness Washington’s inauguration -as the first president of the United States. It is told that President Washington -laid his hand kindly on the head of his little namesake and gave him -his blessing.</p> - -<p>Young Washington Irving led a happy life, rambling in his boyhood -about every nook and corner of the city and the adjacent woods, which at -that time were not very far to seek, idling about the busy wharves, making -occasional trips up the lordly Hudson, roaming, gun in hand, along its banks -and over the neighboring Kaatskills, listening to the tales of old Dutch -landlords and gossipy old Dutch housewives. When he became a young man -he wove these old tales, scenes, experiences, and much more that his imagination -and his merry humor added, into some of the most rollicking, mirthful -stories that had been read in many a day. The first of these was a -burlesque <cite>History of New York</cite>, purporting to have been found among the -papers of a certain old Dutch burgher by the name of Diedrich Knickerbocker -(1809). This may be said to have been his first important work. It -made him instantly famous. But better than that, it silenced the sneers of -the English critics who, up to that time, had been asking contemptuously, -“Who reads an American book?” and set them all to reading and laughing -over it with the rest of the world. It also showed to Americans as well as -to foreigners what wealth of literary material this new country already -possessed in its local legends and history.</p> - -<p>Ten years later, during his residence in England (1819-20), Irving published -<cite>The Sketch Book</cite>, containing the inimitable “Rip van Winkle” and -the delightful “Legend of Sleepy Hollow.” This may be said to mark the -real beginning of American literature.</p> - -<p>A visit to Spain resulted in <cite>The Alhambra</cite> and <cite>The Life of Columbus</cite>, -descriptive and historical works in which Irving won as great success as he -had attained with his humorous tales. Then followed some years of -quiet life at his beautiful home, Sunnyside, near Tarrytown on the Hudson, -in the midst of the favorite haunts of his boyhood days and the scenes -which his pen had immortalized. He was not idle, however, for a half-dozen -works appeared during these stay-at-home years, some of them growing -out of his travels through our then rapidly expanding West. Only -once more did he leave his native shores, when he served as Minister to -Spain (1842-46). But through all his life he seems to have cherished a -patriotic reverence for the great American whose name he bore, and now, -as the crowning work of his ripe old age, he devoted his last years to completing -his <cite>Life of Washington</cite>, the fifth and final volume of which appeared -but a few months before his death on November 28, 1859. His genial, -cheerful nature shines through all his works and makes him still, as his -friend Thackeray said of him in his lifetime, “beloved of all the world.”</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What effect does Irving say civilized life has upon<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_426" id="Page_426">[426]</a></span> -traits of native character? 2. Explain the comparison, “Society is like a -lawn.” 3. Who was Philip of Pokanoket? 4. What “league of peace” did -Massasoit make with the Plymouth settlers? 5. Give an account of Alexander’s -career as Sachem. 6. What was the attitude of the white settlers -toward Philip? 7. What evidence of friendliness toward the settlers did -he give? 8. What omens disturbed the Indians? 9. What natural explanation -can you give for these “awful warnings”? 10. Give a brief account of -the Indian war that followed. 11. Describe the death of King Philip. 12. -Point out evidences of military ability on the part of King Philip. 13. What -traces of lofty character does Philip show in the face of persecution? 14. -Read passages that show his courage. 15. Does Irving give you the impression -that the white settlers may have been partly responsible for the -conflict with King Philip and his followers? 16. Other interesting books -dealing with Indian life are Cooper’s <cite>Leather Stocking Tales</cite> and his <cite>The -Last of the Mohicans</cite>; have you read these? 17. Pronounce the following: -attributes; aborigines; Sachem; amity; tenacious; haunts; implacable; -simultaneous; patron; mischievous; revolt; indicative; harassed.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases70"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref735">artificially cultivated, 409, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref736">vegetating in spontaneous hardihood, 409, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref737">petty deceptions, 409, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref738">affects so many generous sentiments, 409, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref739">impulses of his inclination, 410, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref740">dictates of his judgment, 410, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref741">smiling verdure, 410, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref742">footsteps of civilization, 410, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref743">sterling coinage, 410, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref744">any authentic traces, 410, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref745">dim twilight of tradition, 410, 32</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref746">doleful forebodings, 411, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref747">rites of primitive hospitality, 411, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref748">encroaching zeal, 411, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref749">proudly tenacious, 412, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref750">hereditary rights and dignity, 412, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref751">intrusive policy, 412, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref752">after the toils of the chase, 412, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref753">sovereign dignity, 412, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref754">implacable hostility, 412, 32</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref755">superior adroitness, 413, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref756">easily provoked hostilities, 413, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref757">proneness to suspicion, 413, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref758">ignominious punishment, 414, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref759">exasperated the passions, 414, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref760">perfidiously despatched, 414, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref761">religious abstraction, 415, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref762">superstitious fancies, 415, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref763">frightful chimeras of witchcraft, 415, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref764">portentous sights and sounds, 415, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref765">capacious mind, 416, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref766">casual exploits, 416, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref767">fertility of expedients, 416, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref768">impending ravages, 416, 37</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref769">lugubrious hemlocks, 417, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref770">possessed of ubiquity, 418, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref771">perfidious instigations, 418, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref772">legitimate avenger, 418, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref773">comparative facility, 418, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref774">incursions of the conquerors, 420, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref775">subdue the resolution, 422, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref776">suborned by the whites, 422, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref777">sullen grandeur, 423, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref778">savage sublimity, 423, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref779">graced a civilized warrior, 424, 22</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_427" id="Page_427">[427]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE COURTSHIP OF MILES STANDISH</h4> - -<p class="author">HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW</p> - -<h5>MILES STANDISH</h5> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">In the Old Colony days, in Plymouth the land of the Pilgrims,</div> -<div class="verse">To and fro in a room of his simple and primitive dwelling,</div> -<div class="verse">Clad in doublet and hose, and boots of Cordovan leather,</div> -<div class="verse">Strode, with a martial air, Miles Standish the Puritan Captain.</div> -<div class="verse">Buried in thought he seemed, with his hands behind him, and pausing</div> -<div class="verse">Ever and anon to behold his glittering weapons of warfare,</div> -<div class="verse">Hanging in shining array along the walls of the chamber—</div> -<div class="verse">Cutlass and <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref780">corselet of steel</a>, and his trusty sword of Damascus,</div> -<div class="verse">Curved at the point and inscribed with its <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref781">mystical Arabic sentence,</a></div> -<div class="verse">While underneath, in a corner, were fowling-piece, musket, and matchlock.</div> -<div class="verse">Short of stature he was, but strongly built and athletic,</div> -<div class="verse">Broad in the shoulders, deep-chested, with muscles and sinews of iron;</div> -<div class="verse">Brown as a nut was his face, but his russet beard was already</div> -<div class="verse">Flaked with patches of snow, as hedges sometimes in November.</div> -<div class="verse">Near him was seated John Alden, his friend, and household companion,</div> -<div class="verse">Writing with diligent speed at a table of pine by the window;</div> -<div class="verse">Fair-haired, azure-eyed, with delicate Saxon complexion,</div> -<div class="verse">Having the dew of his youth, and the beauty thereof, as the captives</div> -<div class="verse">Whom Saint Gregory saw, and exclaimed, “Not Angles but Angels.”</div> -<div class="verse">Youngest of all was he of the men who came in the May Flower.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Suddenly breaking the silence, the diligent scribe interrupting,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[428]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Spake, in the pride of his heart, Miles Standish the Captain of Plymouth.</div> -<div class="verse">“Look at these arms,” he said, “the warlike weapons that hang here,</div> -<div class="verse">Burnished and bright and clean, as if for parade or inspection!</div> -<div class="verse">This is the sword of Damascus I fought with in Flanders; this breast-plate,</div> -<div class="verse">Well I remember the day! once saved my life in a skirmish;</div> -<div class="verse">Here in front you can see the very dint of the bullet</div> -<div class="verse">Fired point-blank at my heart by a <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref782">Spanish arcabucero</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">Had it not been of sheer steel, the forgotten bones of Miles Standish</div> -<div class="verse">Would at this moment be mold, in their grave in the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref783">Flemish morasses</a>.”</div> -<div class="verse">Thereupon answered John Alden, but looked not up from his writing:</div> -<div class="verse">“Truly the breath of the Lord hath slackened the speed of the bullet;</div> -<div class="verse">He in his mercy preserved you, to be our shield and our weapon!”</div> -<div class="verse">Still the Captain continued, unheeding the words of the stripling:</div> -<div class="verse">“See, how bright they are burnished, as if in an arsenal hanging;</div> -<div class="verse">That is because I have done it myself, and not left it to others.</div> -<div class="verse">Serve yourself, would you be well served, is an excellent adage;</div> -<div class="verse">So I take care of my arms, as you of your pens and your ink-horn.</div> -<div class="verse">Then, too, there are my soldiers, my great, invincible army,</div> -<div class="verse">Twelve men, all equipped, having each his rest and his matchlock,</div> -<div class="verse">Eighteen shillings a month, together with diet and pillage,</div> -<div class="verse">And, like Cæsar, I know the name of each of my soldiers!”</div> -<div class="verse">This he said with a smile, that danced in his eyes, as the sunbeams</div> -<div class="verse">Dance on the waves of the sea, and vanish again in a moment.</div> -<div class="verse">Alden laughed as he wrote, and still the Captain continued:</div> -<div class="verse">“Look! you can see from this window my <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref784">brazen howitzer</a> planted</div> -<div class="verse">High on the roof of the church, a preacher who speaks to the purpose,</div> -<div class="verse">Steady, straightforward, and strong, with <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref785">irresistible logic</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Orthodox, flashing conviction right into the hearts of the heathen.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_429" id="Page_429">[429]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Now we are ready, I think, for any assault of the Indians;</div> -<div class="verse">Let them come, if they like, and the sooner they try it the better—</div> -<div class="verse">Let them come if they like, be it sagamore, sachem, or pow-wow,</div> -<div class="verse">Aspinet, Samoset, Corbitant, Squanto, or Tokamahamon!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Long at the window he stood, and wistfully gazed on the landscape,</div> -<div class="verse">Washed with a cold gray mist, the vapory breath of the east wind,</div> -<div class="verse">Forest and meadow and hill, and the steel-blue rim of the ocean,</div> -<div class="verse">Lying silent and sad, in the afternoon shadows and sunshine.</div> -<div class="verse">Over his countenance flitted a shadow like those on the landscape,</div> -<div class="verse">Gloom intermingled with light; and his voice was subdued with emotion,</div> -<div class="verse">Tenderness, pity, regret, as after a pause he proceeded:</div> -<div class="verse">“Yonder there, on the hill by the sea, lies buried Rose Standish;</div> -<div class="verse">Beautiful rose of love, that bloomed for me by the wayside!</div> -<div class="verse">She was the first to die of all who came in the May Flower!</div> -<div class="verse">Green above her is growing the field of wheat we have sown there,</div> -<div class="verse">Better to hide from the Indian scouts the graves of our people,</div> -<div class="verse">Lest they should count them and see how many already have perished!”</div> -<div class="verse">Sadly his face he averted, and strode up and down, and was thoughtful.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Fixed to the opposite wall was a shelf of books, and among them</div> -<div class="verse">Prominent three, distinguished alike for bulk and for binding:</div> -<div class="verse">Bariffe’s Artillery Guide, and the Commentaries of Cæsar,</div> -<div class="verse">Out of the Latin translated by Arthur Goldinge of London,</div> -<div class="verse">And, as if guarded by these, between them was standing the Bible.</div> -<div class="verse">Musing a moment before them, Miles Standish paused, as if doubtful</div> -<div class="verse">Which of the three he should choose for his consolation and comfort,</div> -<div class="verse">Whether the wars of the Hebrews, the famous campaigns of the Romans,</div> -<div class="verse">Or the Artillery practice, designed for <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref786">belligerent Christians</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">Finally down from its shelf he dragged the ponderous Roman,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_430" id="Page_430">[430]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Seated himself at the window, and opened the book, and in silence</div> -<div class="verse">Turned o’er the well-worn leaves, where thumb-marks thick on the margin,</div> -<div class="verse">Like the trample of feet, proclaimed the battle was hottest.</div> -<div class="verse">Nothing was heard in the room but the hurrying pen of the stripling,</div> -<div class="verse">Busily writing epistles important, to go by the May Flower,</div> -<div class="verse">Ready to sail on the morrow, or next day at latest, God willing!</div> -<div class="verse">Homeward bound with the tidings of all that terrible winter,</div> -<div class="verse">Letters written by Alden, and full of the name of Priscilla,</div> -<div class="verse">Full of the name and the fame of the Puritan maiden Priscilla!</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<h5>LOVE AND FRIENDSHIP</h5> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Nothing was heard in the room but the hurrying pen of the stripling,</div> -<div class="verse">Or an occasional sigh from the laboring heart of the Captain,</div> -<div class="verse">Reading the marvelous words and achievements of Julius Cæsar.</div> -<div class="verse">After a while he exclaimed, as he smote with his hands, palm downwards,</div> -<div class="verse">Heavily on the page: “A wonderful man was this Cæsar!</div> -<div class="verse">You are a writer, and I am a fighter, but here is a fellow</div> -<div class="verse">Who could both write and fight, and in both was equally skillful!”</div> -<div class="verse">Straightway answered and spake John Alden, the comely, the youthful:</div> -<div class="verse">“Yes, he was equally skilled, as you say, with his pen and his weapons.</div> -<div class="verse">Somewhere have I read, but where I forget, he could dictate</div> -<div class="verse">Seven letters at once, at the same time writing his memoirs.”</div> -<div class="verse">“Truly,” continued the Captain, not heeding or hearing the other,</div> -<div class="verse">“Truly a wonderful man was Caius Julius Cæsar!</div> -<div class="verse">Better be first, he said, in a little <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref787">Iberian village</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Than be second in Rome, and I think he was right when he said it.</div> -<div class="verse">Twice was he married before he was twenty, and many times after;</div> -<div class="verse">Battles five hundred he fought, and a thousand cities he conquered;</div> -<div class="verse">He, too, fought in Flanders, as he himself has recorded;</div> -<div class="verse">Finally he was stabbed by his friend, the orator Brutus!</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_431" id="Page_431">[431]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Now, do you know what he did on a certain occasion in Flanders,</div> -<div class="verse">When the rear-guard of his army retreated, the front giving way too,</div> -<div class="verse">And the immortal Twelfth Legion was crowded so closely together</div> -<div class="verse">There was no room for their swords? Why, he seized a shield from a soldier,</div> -<div class="verse">Putting himself straight at the head of his troops, and commanded the captains,</div> -<div class="verse">Calling on each by his name, to order forward the ensigns;</div> -<div class="verse">Then to widen the ranks, and give more room for their weapons;</div> -<div class="verse">So he won the day, the battle of something-or-other.</div> -<div class="verse">That’s what I always say: if you wish a thing to be well done,</div> -<div class="verse">You must do it yourself, you must not leave it to others!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">All was silent again; the Captain continued his reading.</div> -<div class="verse">Nothing was heard in the room but the hurrying pen of the stripling</div> -<div class="verse">Writing epistles important to go next day by the May Flower,</div> -<div class="verse">Filled with the name and the fame of the Puritan maiden Priscilla;</div> -<div class="verse">Every sentence began or closed with the name of Priscilla,</div> -<div class="verse">Till the treacherous pen, to which he confided the secret,</div> -<div class="verse">Strove to betray it by singing and shouting the name of Priscilla!</div> -<div class="verse">Finally closing his book, with a bang of the ponderous cover,</div> -<div class="verse">Sudden and loud as the sound of a soldier <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref788">grounding his musket</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Thus to the young man spake Miles Standish the Captain of Plymouth:</div> -<div class="verse">“When you have finished your work, I have something important to tell you.</div> -<div class="verse">Be not however in haste; I can wait; I shall not be impatient!”</div> -<div class="verse">Straightway Alden replied, as he folded the last of his letters,</div> -<div class="verse">Pushing his papers aside, and giving respectful attention:</div> -<div class="verse">“Speak; for whenever you speak, I am always ready to listen,</div> -<div class="verse">Always ready to hear whatever pertains to Miles Standish.”</div> -<div class="verse">Thereupon answered the Captain, embarrassed, and <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref789">culling his phrases</a>:</div> -<div class="verse">“’Tis not good for a man to be alone, say the Scriptures.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_432" id="Page_432">[432]</a></span> -<div class="verse">This I have said before, and again and again I repeat it;</div> -<div class="verse">Every hour in the day, I think it, and feel it, and say it.</div> -<div class="verse">Since Rose Standish died, my life has been weary and dreary;</div> -<div class="verse">Sick at heart have I been, beyond the healing of friendship.</div> -<div class="verse">Oft in my lonely hours have I thought of the maiden Priscilla.</div> -<div class="verse">She is alone in the world; her father and mother and brother</div> -<div class="verse">Died in the winter together; I saw her going and coming,</div> -<div class="verse">Now to the grave of the dead, and now to the bed of the dying,</div> -<div class="verse">Patient, courageous, and strong, and said to myself, that if ever</div> -<div class="verse">There were angels on earth, as there are angels in heaven,</div> -<div class="verse">Two have I seen and known; and the angel whose name is Priscilla</div> -<div class="verse">Holds in my desolate life the place which the other abandoned.</div> -<div class="verse">Long have I cherished the thought, but never have dared to reveal it,</div> -<div class="verse">Being a coward in this, though valiant enough for the most part.</div> -<div class="verse">Go to the damsel Priscilla, the loveliest maiden of Plymouth,</div> -<div class="verse">Say that a blunt old Captain, a man not of words but of actions,</div> -<div class="verse">Offers his hand and his heart, the hand and heart of a soldier.</div> -<div class="verse">Not in these words, you know, but this in short is my meaning;</div> -<div class="verse">I am a maker of war, and not a maker of phrases.</div> -<div class="verse">You, who are bred as a scholar, can say it in elegant language,</div> -<div class="verse">Such as you read in your books of the pleadings and wooings of lovers,</div> -<div class="verse">Such as you think best adapted to win the heart of a maiden.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">When he had spoken, John Alden, the fair-haired, <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref790">taciturn stripling</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">All aghast at his words, surprised, embarrassed, bewildered,</div> -<div class="verse">Trying to <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref791">mask his dismay</a> by treating the subject with lightness,</div> -<div class="verse">Trying to smile, and yet feeling his heart stand still in his bosom,</div> -<div class="verse">Just as a timepiece stops in a house that is stricken by lightning,</div> -<div class="verse">Thus made answer and spake, or rather stammered than answered:</div> -<div class="verse">“Such a message as that I am sure I should mangle and mar it;</div> -<div class="verse">If you would have it well done—I am only repeating your maxim—</div> -<div class="verse">You must do it yourself, you must not leave it to others!”</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_433" id="Page_433">[433]</a></span> -<div class="verse">But with the air of a man whom nothing can turn from his purpose,</div> -<div class="verse">Gravely shaking his head, made answer the Captain of Plymouth:</div> -<div class="verse">“Truly the maxim is good, and I do not mean to gainsay it;</div> -<div class="verse">But we must use it discreetly, and not waste powder for nothing.</div> -<div class="verse">Now, as I said before, I was never a maker of phrases.</div> -<div class="verse">I can march up to a fortress and summon the place to surrender,</div> -<div class="verse">But march up to a woman with such a proposal, I dare not.</div> -<div class="verse">I’m not afraid of bullets, nor shot from the mouth of a cannon,</div> -<div class="verse">But of a thundering ‘No!’ point-blank from the mouth of a woman,</div> -<div class="verse">That I confess I’m afraid of, nor am I ashamed to confess it!</div> -<div class="verse">So you must grant my request, for you are an elegant scholar,</div> -<div class="verse">Having the graces of speech, and skill in the turning of phrases.”</div> -<div class="verse">Taking the hand of his friend, who still was reluctant and doubtful,</div> -<div class="verse">Holding it long in his own, and pressing it kindly, he added:</div> -<div class="verse">“Though I have spoken thus lightly, yet deep is the feeling that prompts me;</div> -<div class="verse">Surely you cannot refuse what I ask in the name of our friendship!”</div> -<div class="verse">Then made answer John Alden: “The name of friendship is sacred;</div> -<div class="verse">What you demand in that name, I have not the power to deny you!”</div> -<div class="verse">So the strong will prevailed, subduing and molding the gentler,</div> -<div class="verse">Friendship prevailed over love, and Alden went on his errand.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<h5>THE LOVER’S ERRAND</h5> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">So the strong will prevailed, and Alden went on his errand,</div> -<div class="verse">Out of the street of the village, and into the paths of the forest,</div> -<div class="verse">Into the tranquil woods, where bluebirds and robins were building</div> -<div class="verse">Towns in the populous trees, with hanging gardens of verdure,</div> -<div class="verse">Peaceful, <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref792">aerial cities</a> of joy and affection and freedom.</div> -<div class="verse">All around him was calm, but within him commotion and conflict,</div> -<div class="verse">Love contending with friendship, and self with each generous impulse.</div> -<div class="verse">To and fro in his breast his thoughts were heaving and dashing,</div> -<div class="verse">As in a foundering ship, with every roll of the vessel,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_434" id="Page_434">[434]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Washes the bitter sea, the merciless surge of the ocean!</div> -<div class="verse">“Must I relinquish it all,” he cried with a wild lamentation,</div> -<div class="verse">“Must I relinquish it all, the joy, the hope, the illusion?</div> -<div class="verse">Was it for this I have loved, and waited, and worshiped in silence?</div> -<div class="verse">Was it for this I have followed the flying fleet and the shadow</div> -<div class="verse">Over the wintry sea, to the desolate shores of New England?</div> -<div class="verse">Truly the heart is deceitful, and out of its depths of corruption</div> -<div class="verse">Rise, like an exhalation, the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref793">misty phantoms</a> of passion;</div> -<div class="verse">Angels of light they seem, but are only delusions of Satan.</div> -<div class="verse">All is clear to me now; I feel it, I see it distinctly!</div> -<div class="verse">This is the hand of the Lord; it is laid upon me in anger,</div> -<div class="verse">For I have followed too much the heart’s desires and devices,</div> -<div class="verse">Worshiping Astaroth blindly, and impious idols of Baal.</div> -<div class="verse">This is the cross I must bear; the sin and the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref794">swift retribution</a>.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">So through the Plymouth woods John Alden went on his errand;</div> -<div class="verse">Crossing the brook at the ford, where it brawled over pebble and shallow,</div> -<div class="verse">Gathering still, as he went, the May-flowers blooming around him,</div> -<div class="verse">Fragrant, filling the air with a strange and wonderful sweetness,</div> -<div class="verse">Children lost in the woods, and covered with leaves in their slumber.</div> -<div class="verse">“Puritan flowers,” he said, “and the type of Puritan maidens,</div> -<div class="verse">Modest and simple and sweet, the very type of Priscilla!</div> -<div class="verse">So I will take them to her; to Priscilla the May-flower of Plymouth,</div> -<div class="verse">Modest and simple and sweet, as a parting gift will I take them;</div> -<div class="verse">Breathing their silent farewells, as they fade and wither and perish,</div> -<div class="verse">Soon to be thrown away as is the heart of the giver.”</div> -<div class="verse">So through the Plymouth woods John Alden went on his errand;</div> -<div class="verse">Came to an open space, and saw the disk of the ocean,</div> -<div class="verse">Sailless, somber, and cold with the comfortless breath of the east-wind;</div> -<div class="verse">Saw the new-built house, and people at work in a meadow;</div> -<div class="verse">Heard, as he drew near the door, the musical voice of Priscilla</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_435" id="Page_435">[435]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Singing the hundredth Psalm, the grand old Puritan anthem,</div> -<div class="verse">Music that Luther sang to the sacred words of the Psalmist,</div> -<div class="verse">Full of the breath of the Lord, consoling and comforting many.</div> -<div class="verse">Then, as he opened the door, he beheld the form of the maiden</div> -<div class="verse">Seated beside her wheel, and the carded wool like a snow-drift</div> -<div class="verse">Piled at her knee, her white hands feeding the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref795">ravenous spindle</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">While with her foot on the treadle she guided the wheel in its motion.</div> -<div class="verse">Open wide on her lap lay the well-worn psalm-book of Ainsworth,</div> -<div class="verse">Printed in Amsterdam, the words and the music together,</div> -<div class="verse">Rough-hewn, angular notes, like stones in the wall of a churchyard,</div> -<div class="verse">Darkened and overhung by the running vine of the verses.</div> -<div class="verse">Such was the book from whose pages she sang the old Puritan anthem,</div> -<div class="verse">She, the Puritan girl, in the solitude of the forest,</div> -<div class="verse">Making the humble house and the modest apparel of home-spun</div> -<div class="verse">Beautiful with her beauty, and rich with the wealth of her being!</div> -<div class="verse">Over him rushed, like a wind that is keen and cold and relentless,</div> -<div class="verse">Thoughts of what might have been, and the weight and woe of his errand;</div> -<div class="verse">All the dreams that had faded, and all the hopes that had vanished,</div> -<div class="verse">All his life henceforth a dreary and tenantless mansion,</div> -<div class="verse">Haunted by vain regrets, and pallid, sorrowful faces.</div> -<div class="verse">Still he said to himself, and almost fiercely he said it,</div> -<div class="verse">“Let not him that putteth his hand to the plow look backwards;</div> -<div class="verse">Though the plowshare cut through the flowers of life to its fountains,</div> -<div class="verse">Though it pass o’er the graves of the dead and the hearts of the living,</div> -<div class="verse">It is the will of the Lord; and his mercy endureth forever!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">So he entered the house; and the hum of the wheel and the singing</div> -<div class="verse">Suddenly ceased; for Priscilla, aroused by his step on the threshold,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_436" id="Page_436">[436]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Rose as he entered, and gave him her hand, in signal of welcome,</div> -<div class="verse">Saying, “I knew it was you, when I heard your step in the passage;</div> -<div class="verse">For I was thinking of you, as I sat there singing and spinning.”</div> -<div class="verse">Awkward and dumb with delight, that a thought of him had been mingled</div> -<div class="verse">Thus in the sacred psalm, that came from the heart of the maiden,</div> -<div class="verse">Silent before her he stood, and gave her the flowers for an answer,</div> -<div class="verse">Finding no words for his thought. He remembered that day in the winter,</div> -<div class="verse">After the first great snow, when he broke a path from the village,</div> -<div class="verse">Reeling and plunging along through the drifts that encumbered the doorway,</div> -<div class="verse">Stamping the snow from his feet as he entered the house, and Priscilla</div> -<div class="verse">Laughed at his snowy locks, and gave him a seat by the fireside,</div> -<div class="verse">Grateful and pleased to know he had thought of her in the snowstorm.</div> -<div class="verse">Had he but spoken then! perhaps not in vain had he spoken;</div> -<div class="verse">Now it was all too late; the golden moment had vanished!</div> -<div class="verse">So he stood there abashed, and gave her the flowers for an answer.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Then they sat down and talked of the birds and the beautiful Springtime,</div> -<div class="verse">Talked of their friends at home, and the May Flower that sailed on the morrow.</div> -<div class="verse">“I have been thinking all day,” said gently the Puritan maiden,</div> -<div class="verse">“Dreaming all night, and thinking all day, of the hedge-rows of England—</div> -<div class="verse">They are in blossom now, and the country is all like a garden;</div> -<div class="verse">Thinking of lanes and fields, and the song of the lark and the linnet,</div> -<div class="verse">Seeing the village street, and familiar faces of neighbors</div> -<div class="verse">Going about as of old, and stopping to gossip together,</div> -<div class="verse">And, at the end of the street, the village church, with the ivy</div> -<div class="verse">Climbing the old gray tower, and the quiet graves in the churchyard.</div> -<div class="verse">Kind are the people I live with, and dear to me my religion;</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_437" id="Page_437">[437]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Still my heart is so sad, that I wish myself back in Old England.</div> -<div class="verse">You will say it is wrong, but I cannot help it; I almost</div> -<div class="verse">Wish myself back in Old England, I feel so lonely and wretched.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Thereupon answered the youth:—“Indeed I do not condemn you;</div> -<div class="verse">Stouter hearts than a woman’s have quailed in this terrible winter.</div> -<div class="verse">Yours is tender and trusting, and needs a stronger to lean on;</div> -<div class="verse">So I have come to you now, with an offer and proffer of marriage</div> -<div class="verse">Made by a good man and true, Miles Standish the Captain of Plymouth!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Thus he delivered his message, the dexterous writer of letters—</div> -<div class="verse">Did not <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref796">embellish the theme</a>, nor array it in beautiful phrases,</div> -<div class="verse">But came straight to the point, and blurted it out like a schoolboy;</div> -<div class="verse">Even the Captain himself could hardly have said it more bluntly.</div> -<div class="verse">Mute with amazement and sorrow, Priscilla the Puritan maiden</div> -<div class="verse">Looked into Alden’s face, her eyes <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref797">dilated with wonder</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Feeling his words like a blow, that stunned her and rendered her speechless;</div> -<div class="verse">Till at length she exclaimed, interrupting the ominous silence:</div> -<div class="verse">“If the great Captain of Plymouth is so very eager to wed me,</div> -<div class="verse">Why does he not come himself, and take the trouble to woo me?</div> -<div class="verse">If I am not worth the wooing, I surely am not worth the winning!”</div> -<div class="verse">Then John Alden began explaining and smoothing the matter,</div> -<div class="verse">Making it worse as he went, by saying the Captain was busy</div> -<div class="verse">Had no time for such things;—such things! the words grating harshly</div> -<div class="verse">Fell on the ear of Priscilla; and swift as a flash she made answer:</div> -<div class="verse">“Has he no time for such things, as you call it, before he is married,</div> -<div class="verse">Would he be likely to find it, or make it, after the wedding?</div> -<div class="verse">That is the way with you men; you don’t understand us, you cannot.</div> -<div class="verse">When you have made up your minds, after thinking of this one and that one,</div> -<div class="verse">Choosing, selecting, rejecting, comparing one with another,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_438" id="Page_438">[438]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Then you make known your desire, with abrupt and sudden avowal,</div> -<div class="verse">And are offended and hurt, and indignant perhaps, that a woman</div> -<div class="verse">Does not respond at once to a love that she never suspected,</div> -<div class="verse">Does not attain at a bound the height to which you have been climbing.</div> -<div class="verse">This is not right nor just; for surely a woman’s affection</div> -<div class="verse">Is not a thing to be asked for, and had for only the asking.</div> -<div class="verse">When one is truly in love, one not only says it, but shows it.</div> -<div class="verse">Had he but waited awhile, had he only showed that he loved me,</div> -<div class="verse">Even this Captain of yours—who knows?—at last might have won me,</div> -<div class="verse">Old and rough as he is; but now it never can happen.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Still John Alden went on, unheeding the words of Priscilla,</div> -<div class="verse">Urging the suit of his friend, explaining, persuading, expanding;</div> -<div class="verse">Spoke of his courage and skill, and of all his battles in Flanders,</div> -<div class="verse">How with the people of God he had chosen to suffer affliction,</div> -<div class="verse">How, in return for his zeal, they had made him Captain of Plymouth;</div> -<div class="verse">He was a gentleman born, could trace his pedigree plainly</div> -<div class="verse">Back to Hugh Standish of Duxbury Hall, in Lancashire, England,</div> -<div class="verse">Who was the son of Ralph, and the grandson of Thurston de Standish;</div> -<div class="verse">Heir unto vast estates, of which he was basely defrauded,</div> -<div class="verse">Still bore the family arms, and had for his crest a cock argent</div> -<div class="verse">Combed and wattled gules, and all the rest of the blazon.</div> -<div class="verse">He was a man of honor, of noble and generous nature;</div> -<div class="verse">Though he was rough, he was kindly; she knew how during the winter</div> -<div class="verse">He had attended the sick, with a hand as gentle as woman’s;</div> -<div class="verse">Somewhat hasty and hot, he could not deny it, and headstrong,</div> -<div class="verse">Stern as a soldier might be, but hearty, and placable always,</div> -<div class="verse">Not to be laughed at and scorned, because he was little of stature;</div> -<div class="verse">For he was great of heart, magnanimous, courtly, courageous;</div> -<div class="verse">Any woman in Plymouth, nay any woman in England,</div> -<div class="verse">Might be happy and proud to be called the wife of Miles Standish!</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_439" id="Page_439">[439]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">But as he warmed and glowed, in his simple and eloquent language,</div> -<div class="verse">Quite forgetful of self, and full of the praise of his rival,</div> -<div class="verse">Archly the maiden smiled, and, with eyes overrunning with laughter,</div> -<div class="verse">Said, in a tremulous voice, “Why don’t you speak for yourself, John?”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<h5>JOHN ALDEN</h5> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Into the open air John Alden, perplexed and bewildered,</div> -<div class="verse">Rushed like a man insane, and wandered alone by the seaside;</div> -<div class="verse">Paced up and down the sands, and bared his head to the east wind,</div> -<div class="verse">Cooling his heated brow, and the fire and fever within him.</div> -<div class="verse">Slowly as out of the heavens, with <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref798">apocalyptical splendors</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Sank the City of God, in the vision of John the Apostle,</div> -<div class="verse">So, with its cloudy walls of chrysolite, jasper, and sapphire,</div> -<div class="verse">Sank the broad red sun, and over its turrets uplifted</div> -<div class="verse">Glimmered the golden reed of the angel who measured the city.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">“Welcome, O wind of the East!” he exclaimed in his wild exultation,</div> -<div class="verse">“Welcome, O wind of the East, from the caves of the misty Atlantic!</div> -<div class="verse">Blowing o’er <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref799">fields of dulse</a>, and measureless meadows of sea-grass,</div> -<div class="verse">Blowing o’er rocky wastes, and the grottoes and gardens of ocean!</div> -<div class="verse">Lay thy cold, moist hand on my burning forehead, and wrap me</div> -<div class="verse">Close in thy garments of mist, to allay the fever within me!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Like an awakened conscience, the sea was moaning and tossing,</div> -<div class="verse">Beating remorseful and loud the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref800">mutable sands</a> of the seashore.</div> -<div class="verse">Fierce in his soul was the struggle and tumult of passions contending;</div> -<div class="verse">Love triumphant and crowned, and friendship wounded and bleeding,</div> -<div class="verse">Passionate cries of desire, and <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref801">importunate pleadings</a> of duty!</div> -<div class="verse">“Is it my fault,” he said, “that the maiden has chosen between us?</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_440" id="Page_440">[440]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Is it my fault that he failed—my fault that I am the victor?”</div> -<div class="verse">Then within him there thundered a voice, like the voice of the Prophet:</div> -<div class="verse">“It hath displeased the Lord!”—and he thought of David’s transgression,</div> -<div class="verse">Bathsheba’s beautiful face, and his friend in the front of the battle!</div> -<div class="verse">Shame and confusion of guilt, and abasement and self-condemnation,</div> -<div class="verse">Overwhelmed him at once; and he cried in the deepest contrition:</div> -<div class="verse">“It hath displeased the Lord! It is the temptation of Satan!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Then, uplifting his head, he looked at the sea, and beheld there</div> -<div class="verse">Dimly the shadowy form of the May Flower riding at anchor,</div> -<div class="verse">Rocked on the rising tide, and ready to sail on the morrow;</div> -<div class="verse">Heard the voices of men through the mist, the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref802">rattle of cordage</a></div> -<div class="verse">Thrown on the deck, the shouts of the mate, and the sailors’ “Ay, ay, sir!”</div> -<div class="verse">Clear and distinct, but not loud, in the dripping air of the twilight.</div> -<div class="verse">Still for a moment he stood, and listened, and stared at the vessel,</div> -<div class="verse">Then went hurriedly on, as one who, seeing a phantom,</div> -<div class="verse">Stops, then quickens his pace, and follows the beckoning shadow.</div> -<div class="verse">“Yes, it is plain to me now,” he murmured; “the hand of the Lord is</div> -<div class="verse">Leading me out of the land of darkness, the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref803">bondage of error</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Through the sea, that shall lift the walls of its waters around me,</div> -<div class="verse">Hiding me, cutting me off, from the cruel thoughts that pursue me.</div> -<div class="verse">Back will I go o’er the ocean, this dreary land will abandon,</div> -<div class="verse">Her whom I may not love, and him whom my heart has offended.</div> -<div class="verse">Better to be in my grave in the green old churchyard in England,</div> -<div class="verse">Close by my mother’s side, and among the dust of my kindred;</div> -<div class="verse">Better be dead and forgotten, than living in shame and dishonor!</div> -<div class="verse">Sacred and safe and unseen, in the dark of the narrow chamber</div> -<div class="verse">With me my secret shall lie, like a buried jewel that glimmers</div> -<div class="verse">Bright on the hand that is dust, in the chambers of silence and darkness—</div> -<div class="verse">Yes, as the marriage ring of the great espousal hereafter!”</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_441" id="Page_441">[441]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Thus as he spake, he turned, in the strength of his strong resolution,</div> -<div class="verse">Leaving behind him the shore, and hurried along in the twilight,</div> -<div class="verse">Through the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref804">congenial gloom</a> of the forest silent and somber,</div> -<div class="verse">Till he beheld the lights in the seven houses of Plymouth,</div> -<div class="verse">Shining like seven stars in the dusk and mist of the evening.</div> -<div class="verse">Soon he entered his door, and found the redoubtable Captain</div> -<div class="verse">Sitting alone, and absorbed in the martial pages of Cæsar,</div> -<div class="verse">Fighting some great campaign in Hainault or Brabant or Flanders.</div> -<div class="verse">“Long have you been on your errand,” he said with a cheery demeanor,</div> -<div class="verse">Even as one who is waiting an answer, and fears not the issue.</div> -<div class="verse">“Not far off is the house, although the woods are between us;</div> -<div class="verse">But you have lingered so long, that while you were going and coming</div> -<div class="verse">I have fought ten battles and <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref805">sacked and demolished</a> a city.</div> -<div class="verse">Come, sit down, and in order relate to me all that has happened.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Then John Alden spake, and related the wondrous adventure,</div> -<div class="verse">From beginning to end, minutely, just as it happened;</div> -<div class="verse">How he had seen Priscilla, and how he had sped in his courtship,</div> -<div class="verse">Only smoothing a little, and softening down her refusal.</div> -<div class="verse">But when he came at length to the words Priscilla had spoken,</div> -<div class="verse">Words so tender and cruel: “Why don’t you speak for yourself, John?”</div> -<div class="verse">Up leaped the Captain of Plymouth, and stamped on the floor, till his armor</div> -<div class="verse">Clanged on the wall, where it hung, with a <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref806">sound of sinister omen</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">All his pent-up wrath burst forth in a sudden explosion,</div> -<div class="verse">Even as a <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref807">hand-grenade</a>, that scatters destruction around it.</div> -<div class="verse">Wildly he shouted, and loud: “John Alden! you have betrayed me!</div> -<div class="verse">Me, Miles Standish, your friend! have supplanted, defrauded, betrayed me!</div> -<div class="verse">One of my ancestors ran his sword through the heart of Wat Tyler;</div> -<div class="verse">Who shall prevent me from running my own through the heart of a traitor?</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_442" id="Page_442">[442]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Yours is the greater treason, for yours is a treason to friendship!</div> -<div class="verse">You, who lived under my roof, whom I cherished and loved as a brother;</div> -<div class="verse">You, who have fed at my board, and drunk at my cup, to whose keeping</div> -<div class="verse">I have intrusted my honor, my thoughts the most sacred and secret—</div> -<div class="verse">You too, Brutus! ah woe to the name of friendship hereafter!</div> -<div class="verse">Brutus was Cæsar’s friend, and you were mine, but henceforward</div> -<div class="verse">Let there be nothing between us save war, and <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref808">implacable hatred</a>!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">So spake the Captain of Plymouth, and strode about in the chamber,</div> -<div class="verse">Chafing and choking with rage; like cords were the veins on his temples.</div> -<div class="verse">But in the midst of his anger a man appeared at the doorway,</div> -<div class="verse">Bringing in uttermost haste a message of urgent importance,</div> -<div class="verse">Rumors of danger and war and <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref809">hostile incursions</a> of Indians!</div> -<div class="verse">Straightway the Captain paused, and, without further question or parley,</div> -<div class="verse">Took from the nail on the wall his sword with its scabbard of iron,</div> -<div class="verse">Buckled the belt round his waist, and, frowning fiercely, departed.</div> -<div class="verse">Alden was left alone. He heard the clank of the scabbard</div> -<div class="verse">Growing fainter and fainter, and dying away in the distance.</div> -<div class="verse">Then he arose from his seat, and looked forth into the darkness,</div> -<div class="verse">Felt the cool air blow on his cheek, that was hot with the insult,</div> -<div class="verse">Lifted his eyes to the heavens, and, folding his hands as in childhood,</div> -<div class="verse">Prayed in the silence of night to the Father who seeth in secret.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Meanwhile the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref810">choleric Captain</a> strode wrathful away to the council,</div> -<div class="verse">Found it already assembled, impatiently waiting his coming;</div> -<div class="verse">Men in the middle of life, austere and grave in deportment,</div> -<div class="verse">Only one of them old, the hill that was nearest to heaven,</div> -<div class="verse">Covered with snow, but erect, the excellent Elder of Plymouth.</div> -<div class="verse">God had sifted three kingdoms to find the wheat for this planting,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_443" id="Page_443">[443]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Then had sifted the wheat, as the living seed of a nation;</div> -<div class="verse">So say the chronicles old, and such is the faith of the people!</div> -<div class="verse">Near them was standing an Indian, in attitude stern and defiant,</div> -<div class="verse">Naked down to the waist, and grim and ferocious in aspect;</div> -<div class="verse">While on the table before them was lying unopened a Bible,</div> -<div class="verse">Ponderous, bound in leather, brass-studded, printed in Holland,</div> -<div class="verse">And beside it outstretched the skin of a rattlesnake glittered,</div> -<div class="verse">Filled, like a quiver, with arrows; a signal and challenge of warfare,</div> -<div class="verse">Brought by the Indian, and speaking with arrowy tongues of defiance.</div> -<div class="verse">This Miles Standish beheld, as he entered, and heard them debating</div> -<div class="verse">What were an answer befitting the hostile message and menace,</div> -<div class="verse">Talking of this and that, contriving, suggesting, objecting;</div> -<div class="verse">One voice only for peace, and that the voice of the Elder,</div> -<div class="verse">Judging it wise and well that some at least were converted,</div> -<div class="verse">Rather than any were slain, for this was but Christian behavior!</div> -<div class="verse">Then outspoke Miles Standish, the stalwart Captain of Plymouth,</div> -<div class="verse">Muttering deep in his throat, for his voice was husky with anger:</div> -<div class="verse">“What! do you mean to make war with milk and the water of roses?</div> -<div class="verse">Is it to shoot red squirrels you have your howitzer planted</div> -<div class="verse">There on the roof of the church, or is it to shoot red devils?</div> -<div class="verse">Truly the only tongue that is understood by a savage</div> -<div class="verse">Must be the tongue of fire that speaks from the mouth of the cannon!”</div> -<div class="verse">Thereupon answered and said the excellent Elder of Plymouth,</div> -<div class="verse">Somewhat amazed and alarmed at this irreverent language:</div> -<div class="verse">“Not so thought St. Paul, nor yet the other Apostles;</div> -<div class="verse">Not from the cannon’s mouth were the tongues of fire they spake with!”</div> -<div class="verse">But unheeded fell this mild rebuke on the Captain,</div> -<div class="verse">Who had advanced to the table, and thus continued discoursing:</div> -<div class="verse">“Leave this matter to me, for to me by right it pertaineth.</div> -<div class="verse">War is a terrible trade; but in the cause that is righteous,</div> -<div class="verse">Sweet is the smell of powder; and thus I answer the challenge!”</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_444" id="Page_444">[444]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Then from the rattlesnake’s skin, with a sudden, contemptuous gesture,</div> -<div class="verse">Jerking the Indian arrows, he filled it with powder and bullets</div> -<div class="verse">Full to the very jaws, and handed it back to the savage,</div> -<div class="verse">Saying, in thundering tones: “Here, take it! this is your answer!”</div> -<div class="verse">Silently out of the room then glided the glistening savage,</div> -<div class="verse">Bearing the serpent’s skin, and seeming himself like a serpent,</div> -<div class="verse">Winding his <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref811">sinuous way</a> in the dark to the depths of the forest.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<h5>THE SAILING OF THE MAY FLOWER</h5> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Just in the gray of the dawn, as the mists uprose from the meadows,</div> -<div class="verse">There was a stir and a sound in the slumbering village of Plymouth;</div> -<div class="verse">Clanging and clicking of arms, and the order imperative, “Forward!”</div> -<div class="verse">Given in tone suppressed, a tramp of feet, and then silence.</div> -<div class="verse">Figures ten, in the mist, marched slowly out of the village.</div> -<div class="verse">Standish the stalwart it was, with eight of his valorous army,</div> -<div class="verse">Led by their Indian guide, by Hobomok, friend of the white men,</div> -<div class="verse">Northward marching to quell the sudden revolt of the savage.</div> -<div class="verse">Giants they seemed in the mist, or the mighty men of King David;</div> -<div class="verse">Giants in heart they were, who believed in God and the Bible—</div> -<div class="verse">Ay, who believed in the smiting of Midianites and Philistines.</div> -<div class="verse">Over them gleamed far off the crimson banners of morning;</div> -<div class="verse">Under them loud on the sands, the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref812">serried billows</a>, advancing,</div> -<div class="verse">Fired along the line, and in regular order retreated.</div> -<div class="verse">Many a mile had they marched, when at length the village of Plymouth</div> -<div class="verse">Woke from its sleep, and arose, intent on its manifold labors.</div> -<div class="verse">Sweet was the air and soft, and slowly the smoke from the chimneys</div> -<div class="verse">Rose over roofs of thatch, and pointed steadily eastward;</div> -<div class="verse">Men came forth from the doors, and paused and talked of the weather,</div> -<div class="verse">Said that the wind had changed, and was blowing fair for the May Flower;</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_445" id="Page_445">[445]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Talked of their Captain’s departure, and all the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref813">dangers that menaced</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">He being gone, the town, and what should be done in his absence.</div> -<div class="verse">Merrily sang the birds, and the tender voices of women</div> -<div class="verse">Consecrated with hymns the common cares of the household.</div> -<div class="verse">Out of the sea rose the sun, and the billows rejoiced at his coming;</div> -<div class="verse">Beautiful were his feet on the purple tops of the mountains;</div> -<div class="verse">Beautiful on the sails of the May Flower riding at anchor,</div> -<div class="verse">Battered and blackened and worn by all the storms of the winter.</div> -<div class="verse">Loosely against her masts was hanging and flapping her canvas,</div> -<div class="verse">Rent by so many gales, and patched by the hands of the sailors.</div> -<div class="verse">Suddenly from her side, as the sun rose over the ocean,</div> -<div class="verse">Darted a puff of smoke, and floated seaward; anon rang</div> -<div class="verse">Loud over field and forest the cannon’s roar, and the echoes</div> -<div class="verse">Heard and repeated the sound, the signal-gun of departure!</div> -<div class="verse">Ah! but with louder echoes replied the hearts of the people!</div> -<div class="verse">Meekly, in voices subdued, the chapter was read from the Bible,</div> -<div class="verse">Meekly the prayer was begun, but ended in fervent entreaty!</div> -<div class="verse">Then from their houses in haste came forth the Pilgrims of Plymouth,</div> -<div class="verse">Men and women and children, all hurrying down to the seashore,</div> -<div class="verse">Eager, with tearful eyes, to say farewell to the May Flower,</div> -<div class="verse">Homeward bound o’er the sea, and leaving them here in the desert.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Foremost among them was Alden. All night he had lain without slumber,</div> -<div class="verse">Turning and tossing about in the heat and unrest of his fever.</div> -<div class="verse">He had beheld Miles Standish, who came back late from the council,</div> -<div class="verse">Stalking into the room, and heard him mutter and murmur;</div> -<div class="verse">Sometimes it seemed a prayer, and sometimes it sounded like swearing.</div> -<div class="verse">Once he had come to the bed, and stood there a moment in silence;</div> -<div class="verse">Then he had turned away, and said: “I will not awake him;</div> -<div class="verse">Let him sleep on, it is best; for what is the use of more talking!”</div> -<div class="verse">Then he extinguished the light, and threw himself down on his pallet.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_446" id="Page_446">[446]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Dressed as he was, and ready to start at the break of the morning—</div> -<div class="verse">Covered himself with the cloak he had worn in his campaigns in Flanders—</div> -<div class="verse">Slept as a soldier sleeps in his bivouac, ready for action.</div> -<div class="verse">But with the dawn he arose; in the twilight Alden beheld him</div> -<div class="verse">Put on his corselet of steel, and all the rest of his armor,</div> -<div class="verse">Buckle about his waist his trusty blade of Damascus,</div> -<div class="verse">Take from the corner his musket, and so stride out of the chamber.</div> -<div class="verse">Often the heart of the youth had burned and yearned to embrace him,</div> -<div class="verse">Often his lips had essayed to speak, imploring for pardon,</div> -<div class="verse">All the old friendship came back, with its tender and grateful emotions.</div> -<div class="verse">But his pride overmastered the noble nature within him—</div> -<div class="verse">Pride, and the sense of his wrong, and the burning fire of the insult.</div> -<div class="verse">So he beheld his friend departing in anger, but spake not,</div> -<div class="verse">Saw him go forth to danger, perhaps to death, and he spake not!</div> -<div class="verse">Then he arose from his bed, and heard what the people were saying,</div> -<div class="verse">Joined in the talk at the door, with Stephen and Richard and Gilbert,</div> -<div class="verse">Joined in the morning prayer, and in the reading of Scripture,</div> -<div class="verse">And, with the others, in haste went hurrying down to the seashore,</div> -<div class="verse">Down to the Plymouth Rock, that had been to their feet as a doorstep</div> -<div class="verse">Into a world unknown—the corner-stone of a nation!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">There with his boat was the Master, already a little impatient</div> -<div class="verse">Lest he should <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref814">lose the tide</a>, or the wind might shift to the eastward,</div> -<div class="verse">Square-built, hearty, and strong, with an odor of ocean about him,</div> -<div class="verse">Speaking with this one and that, and cramming letters and parcels</div> -<div class="verse">Into his pockets capacious, and messages mingled together</div> -<div class="verse">Into his narrow brain, till at last he was wholly bewildered.</div> -<div class="verse">Nearer the boat stood Alden, with one foot placed on the gunwale,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_447" id="Page_447">[447]</a></span> -<div class="verse">One still firm on the rock, and talking at times with the sailors,</div> -<div class="verse">Seated erect <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref815">on the thwarts</a>, all ready and eager for starting.</div> -<div class="verse">He too was eager to go, and thus put an end to his anguish,</div> -<div class="verse">Thinking to fly from despair, that swifter than keel is or canvas,</div> -<div class="verse">Thinking to drown in the sea the ghost that would rise and pursue him.</div> -<div class="verse">But as he gazed on the crowd, he beheld the form of Priscilla</div> -<div class="verse">Standing dejected among them, unconscious of all that was passing.</div> -<div class="verse">Fixed were her eyes upon his, as if she <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref816">divined his intention</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Fixed with a look so sad, so reproachful, imploring, and patient,</div> -<div class="verse">That with a sudden revulsion his heart recoiled from its purpose,</div> -<div class="verse">As from the verge of a crag, where one step more is destruction.</div> -<div class="verse">Strange is the heart of man, with its quick, mysterious instincts!</div> -<div class="verse">Strange is the life of man, and fatal or fated are moments,</div> -<div class="verse">Whereupon turn, as on hinges, the gates of the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref817">wall adamantine</a>!</div> -<div class="verse">“Here I remain!” he exclaimed, as he looked at the heavens above him,</div> -<div class="verse">Thanking the Lord whose breath had scattered the mist and the madness,</div> -<div class="verse">Wherein, blind and lost, to death he was staggering headlong.</div> -<div class="verse">“Yonder snow-white cloud, that floats in the ether above me,</div> -<div class="verse">Seems like a hand that is pointing and beckoning over the ocean.</div> -<div class="verse">There is another hand, that is not so spectral and ghost-like,</div> -<div class="verse">Holding me, drawing me back, and clasping mine for protection.</div> -<div class="verse">Float, O hand of cloud, and vanish away in the ether!</div> -<div class="verse">Roll thyself up like a fist, to threaten and daunt me; I heed not</div> -<div class="verse">Either your warning or menace, or any omen of evil!</div> -<div class="verse">There is no land so sacred, nor air so pure and so wholesome,</div> -<div class="verse">As is the air she breathes, and the soil that is pressed by her footsteps.</div> -<div class="verse">Here for her sake will I stay, and like an invisible presence</div> -<div class="verse">Hover around her forever, protecting, supporting her weakness;</div> -<div class="verse">Yes! as my foot was the first that stepped on this rock at the landing,</div> -<div class="verse">So, with the blessing of God, shall it be the last at the leaving!”</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_448" id="Page_448">[448]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Meanwhile the Master alert, but with dignified air and important,</div> -<div class="verse">Scanning with watchful eye the tide and the wind and the weather,</div> -<div class="verse">Walked about on the sands; and the people crowded around him</div> -<div class="verse">Saying a few last words, and enforcing his careful remembrance.</div> -<div class="verse">Then, taking each by the hand, as if he were <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref818">grasping a tiller</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Into the boat he sprang, and in haste shoved off to his vessel,</div> -<div class="verse">Glad in his heart to get rid of all this worry and flurry,</div> -<div class="verse">Glad to be gone from a land of sand and sickness and sorrow,</div> -<div class="verse">Short allowance of victual, and plenty of nothing but Gospel!</div> -<div class="verse">Lost in the sound of the oars was the last farewell of the Pilgrims.</div> -<div class="verse">O strong hearts and true! not one went back in the May Flower!</div> -<div class="verse">No, not one looked back, who had set his hand to this plowing!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Soon were heard on board the shouts and songs of the sailors</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref819">Heaving the windlass round</a>, and hoisting the ponderous anchor.</div> -<div class="verse">Then the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref820">yards were braced</a>, and all sails set to the west-wind,</div> -<div class="verse">Blowing steady and strong; and the May Flower sailed from the harbor,</div> -<div class="verse">Rounded the point of the Gurnet, and leaving far to the southward</div> -<div class="verse">Island and cape of sand, and the Field of the First Encounter,</div> -<div class="verse">Took the wind on her quarter, and stood for the open Atlantic,</div> -<div class="verse">Borne on the send of the sea, and the swelling hearts of the Pilgrims.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Long in silence they watched the receding sail of the vessel,</div> -<div class="verse">Much endeared to them all, as something living and human;</div> -<div class="verse">Then, as if filled with the spirit, and wrapt in a vision prophetic,</div> -<div class="verse">Baring his hoary head, the excellent Elder of Plymouth</div> -<div class="verse">Said, “Let us pray!” and they prayed and thanked the Lord and took courage.</div> -<div class="verse">Mournfully sobbed the waves at the base of the rock, and above them</div> -<div class="verse">Bowed and whispered the wheat on the hill of death, and their kindred</div> -<div class="verse">Seemed to awake in their graves, and to join in the prayer that they uttered.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_449" id="Page_449">[449]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Sun-illumined and white, on the eastern verge of the ocean</div> -<div class="verse">Gleamed the departing sail, like a marble slab in a graveyard;</div> -<div class="verse">Buried beneath it lay forever all hope of escaping.</div> -<div class="verse">Lo! as they turned to depart, they saw the form of an Indian,</div> -<div class="verse">Watching them from the hill; but while they spake with each other,</div> -<div class="verse">Pointing with outstretched hands, and saying, “Look!” he had vanished.</div> -<div class="verse">So they returned to their homes; but Alden lingered a little,</div> -<div class="verse">Musing alone on the shore, and watching the wash of the billows</div> -<div class="verse">Round the base of the rock, and the sparkle and flash of the sunshine,</div> -<div class="verse">Like the spirit of God, moving visibly over the waters.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<h5>PRISCILLA</h5> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Thus for a while he stood, and mused by the shore of the ocean,</div> -<div class="verse">Thinking of many things, and most of all of Priscilla;</div> -<div class="verse">And as if thought had the power to draw to itself, like the load-stone,</div> -<div class="verse">Whatsoever it touches, by subtle laws of its nature,</div> -<div class="verse">Lo! as he turned to depart, Priscilla was standing beside him.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">“Are you so much offended you will not speak to me?” said she.</div> -<div class="verse">“Am I so much to blame, that yesterday, when you were pleading</div> -<div class="verse">Warmly the cause of another, my heart, impulsive and wayward,</div> -<div class="verse">Pleaded your own, and spake out, forgetful perhaps of decorum?</div> -<div class="verse">Certainly you can forgive me for speaking so frankly, for saying</div> -<div class="verse">What I ought not to have said, yet now I can never unsay it;</div> -<div class="verse">For there are moments in life, when the heart is so full of emotion,</div> -<div class="verse">That if by chance it be shaken, or into its depths like a pebble</div> -<div class="verse">Drops some careless word, it overflows, and its secret,</div> -<div class="verse">Spilt on the ground like water, can never be gathered together.</div> -<div class="verse">Yesterday I was shocked, when I heard you speak of Miles Standish,</div> -<div class="verse">Praising his virtues, transforming his very defects into virtues,</div> -<div class="verse">Praising his courage and strength, and even his fighting in Flanders,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_450" id="Page_450">[450]</a></span> -<div class="verse">As if by fighting alone you could win the heart of a woman,</div> -<div class="verse">Quite overlooking yourself and the rest, in exalting your hero.</div> -<div class="verse">Therefore I spake as I did, by an <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref821">irresistible impulse</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">You will forgive me, I hope, for the sake of the friendship between us,</div> -<div class="verse">Which is too true and too sacred to be so easily broken!”</div> -<div class="verse">Thereupon answered John Alden, the scholar, the friend of Miles Standish:</div> -<div class="verse">“I was not angry with you, with myself alone I was angry,</div> -<div class="verse">Seeing how badly I managed the matter I had in my keeping.”</div> -<div class="verse">“No!” interrupted the maiden, with answer prompt and decisive;</div> -<div class="verse">“No; you are angry with me, for speaking so frankly and freely.</div> -<div class="verse">It was wrong, I acknowledge; for it is the fate of a woman</div> -<div class="verse">Long to be patient and silent, to wait like a ghost that is speechless,</div> -<div class="verse">Till some questioning voice dissolves the spell of its silence.</div> -<div class="verse">Hence is the inner life of so many suffering women</div> -<div class="verse">Sunless and silent and deep, like <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref822">subterranean rivers</a></div> -<div class="verse">Running through caverns of darkness, unheard, unseen, and unfruitful,</div> -<div class="verse">Chafing their channels of stone, with endless and profitless murmurs.”</div> -<div class="verse">Thereupon answered John Alden, the young man, the lover of women:</div> -<div class="verse">“Heaven forbid it, Priscilla; and truly they seem to me always</div> -<div class="verse">More like the beautiful rivers that watered the garden of Eden.</div> -<div class="verse">More like the river Euphrates, through deserts of Havilah flowing,</div> -<div class="verse">Filling the land with delight, and memories sweet of the garden!”</div> -<div class="verse">“Ah, by these words, I can see,” again interrupted the maiden,</div> -<div class="verse">“How very little you prize me, or care for what I am saying.</div> -<div class="verse">When from the depths of my heart, in pain and with secret misgiving,</div> -<div class="verse">Frankly I speak to you, asking for sympathy only and kindness,</div> -<div class="verse">Straightway you take up my words, that are plain and direct and in earnest,</div> -<div class="verse">Turn them away from their meaning, and answer with flattering phrases.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_451" id="Page_451">[451]</a></span> -<div class="verse">This is not right, is not just, is not true to the best that is in you;</div> -<div class="verse">For I know and esteem you, and feel that your nature is noble,</div> -<div class="verse">Lifting mine up to a higher, <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref823">a more ethereal level</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">Therefore I value your friendship, and feel it perhaps the more keenly</div> -<div class="verse">If you say aught that implies I am only as one among many,</div> -<div class="verse">If you make use of those common and complimentary phrases</div> -<div class="verse">Most men think so fine, in dealing and speaking with women,</div> -<div class="verse">But which women reject as insipid, if not as insulting.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Mute and amazed was Alden; and listened and looked at Priscilla,</div> -<div class="verse">Thinking he never had seen her more fair, more divine in her beauty.</div> -<div class="verse">He who but yesterday pleaded so glibly the cause of another,</div> -<div class="verse">Stood there embarrassed and silent, and seeking in vain for an answer.</div> -<div class="verse">So the maiden went on, and little divined or imagined</div> -<div class="verse">What was at work in his heart, that made him so awkward and speechless.</div> -<div class="verse">“Let us, then, be what we are, and speak what we think, and in all things</div> -<div class="verse">Keep ourselves loyal to truth, and the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref824">sacred professions</a> of friendship.</div> -<div class="verse">It is no secret I tell you, nor am I ashamed to declare it:</div> -<div class="verse">I have liked to be with you, to see you, to speak with you always.</div> -<div class="verse">So I was hurt at your words, and a little affronted to hear you</div> -<div class="verse">Urge me to marry your friend, though he were the Captain Miles Standish.</div> -<div class="verse">For I must tell you the truth: much more to me is your friendship</div> -<div class="verse">Than all the love he could give, were he twice the hero you think him.”</div> -<div class="verse">Then she extended her hand, and Alden, who eagerly grasped it,</div> -<div class="verse">Felt all the wounds in his heart, that were aching and bleeding so sorely,</div> -<div class="verse">Healed by the touch of that hand, and he said, with a voice full of feeling:</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_452" id="Page_452">[452]</a></span> -<div class="verse">“Yes, we must ever be friends; and of all who offer you friendship</div> -<div class="verse">Let me be ever the first, the truest, the nearest and dearest!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Casting a farewell look at the glimmering sail of the May Flower,</div> -<div class="verse">Distant, but still in sight, and sinking below the horizon,</div> -<div class="verse">Homeward together they walked, with a strange, indefinite feeling,</div> -<div class="verse">That all the rest had departed and left them alone in the desert.</div> -<div class="verse">But, as they went through the fields in the blessing and smile of the sunshine,</div> -<div class="verse">Lighter grew their hearts, and Priscilla said very archly:</div> -<div class="verse">“Now that our terrible Captain has gone in pursuit of the Indians,</div> -<div class="verse">Where he is happier far than he would be commanding a household,</div> -<div class="verse">You may speak boldly, and tell me of all that happened between you,</div> -<div class="verse">When you returned last night, and said how ungrateful you found me.”</div> -<div class="verse">Thereupon answered John Alden, and told her the whole of the story—</div> -<div class="verse">Told her his own despair, and the direful wrath of Miles Standish.</div> -<div class="verse">Whereat the maiden smiled, and said between laughing and earnest,</div> -<div class="verse">“He is a little chimney, and heated hot in a moment!”</div> -<div class="verse">But as he gently rebuked her, and told her how much he had suffered—</div> -<div class="verse">How he had even determined to sail that day in the May Flower,</div> -<div class="verse">And had remained for her sake, on hearing the dangers that threatened—</div> -<div class="verse">All her manner was changed, and she said with a faltering accent,</div> -<div class="verse">“Truly I thank you for this; how good you have been to me always!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Thus, as a pilgrim devout, who toward Jerusalem journeys,</div> -<div class="verse">Taking three steps in advance, and one reluctantly backward,</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref825">Urged by importunate zeal</a>, and withheld by pangs of contrition;</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_453" id="Page_453">[453]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Slowly but steadily onward, receding yet ever advancing,</div> -<div class="verse">Journeyed this Puritan youth to the Holy Land of his longings,</div> -<div class="verse">Urged by the fervor of love, and <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref826">withheld by remorseful misgivings</a>.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<h5>THE MARCH OF MILES STANDISH</h5> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Meanwhile the stalwart Miles Standish was marching steadily northward,</div> -<div class="verse">Winding through forest and swamp, and along the trend of the seashore,</div> -<div class="verse">All day long, with hardly a halt, the fire of his anger</div> -<div class="verse">Burning and crackling within, and the sulphurous odor of powder</div> -<div class="verse">Seeming more sweet to his nostrils than all the scents of the forest.</div> -<div class="verse">Silent and moody he went, and much he revolved his discomfort;</div> -<div class="verse">He who was used to success, and to easy victories always,</div> -<div class="verse">Thus <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref827">to be flouted</a>, rejected, and laughed to scorn by a maiden,</div> -<div class="verse">Thus to be mocked and betrayed by the friend whom most he had trusted!</div> -<div class="verse">Ah! ’twas too much to be borne, and he fretted and chafed in his armor!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">“I alone am to blame,” he muttered, “for mine was the folly.</div> -<div class="verse">What has a rough old soldier, grown grim and gray in the harness,</div> -<div class="verse">Used to the camp and its ways, to do with the wooing of maidens?</div> -<div class="verse">’Twas but a dream—let it pass—let it vanish like so many others!</div> -<div class="verse">What I thought was a flower, is only a weed, and is worthless;</div> -<div class="verse">Out of my heart will I pluck it, and throw it away, and henceforward</div> -<div class="verse">Be but a fighter of battles, a lover and wooer of dangers!”</div> -<div class="verse">Thus he revolved in his mind his sorry defeat and discomfort,</div> -<div class="verse">While he was marching by day or lying at night in the forest,</div> -<div class="verse">Looking up at the trees, and the constellations beyond them.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">After a three days’ march he came to an Indian encampment</div> -<div class="verse">Pitched on the edge of a meadow, between the sea and the forest;</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_454" id="Page_454">[454]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Women at work by the tents, and the warriors, horrid with war-paint,</div> -<div class="verse">Seated about a fire, and smoking and talking together;</div> -<div class="verse">Who, when they saw from afar the sudden approach of the white men,</div> -<div class="verse">Saw the flash of the sun on breast-plate and saber and musket,</div> -<div class="verse">Straightway leaped to their feet, and two, from among them advancing,</div> -<div class="verse">Came to parley with Standish, and offer him furs as a present;</div> -<div class="verse">Friendship was in their looks, but in their hearts there was hatred.</div> -<div class="verse">Braves of the tribe were these, and brothers gigantic in stature,</div> -<div class="verse">Huge as Goliath of Gath, or the terrible Og, king of Bashan;</div> -<div class="verse">One was Pecksuot named, and the other was called Wattawamat.</div> -<div class="verse">Round their necks were suspended their knives in <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref828">scabbards of wampum</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Two-edged, <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref829">trenchant knives</a>, with points as sharp as a needle.</div> -<div class="verse">Other arms had they none, for they were cunning and crafty.</div> -<div class="verse">“Welcome, English!” they said—these words they had learned from the traders</div> -<div class="verse">Touching at times on the coast, to barter and <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref830">chaffer for peltries</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">Then in their native tongue they began to parley with Standish,</div> -<div class="verse">Through his guide and interpreter, Hobomok, friend of the white man,</div> -<div class="verse">Begging for blankets and knives, but mostly for muskets and powder,</div> -<div class="verse">Kept by the white man, they said, concealed, with the plague, in his cellars,</div> -<div class="verse">Ready to be let loose, and destroy his brother the red man!</div> -<div class="verse">But when Standish refused, and said he would give them the Bible,</div> -<div class="verse">Suddenly changing their tone, they began to boast and to bluster.</div> -<div class="verse">Then Wattawamat advanced with a stride in front of the other,</div> -<div class="verse">And, with a lofty demeanor, thus vauntingly spake to the Captain:</div> -<div class="verse">“Now Wattawamat can see, by the fiery eyes of the Captain,</div> -<div class="verse">Angry is he in his heart; but the heart of the brave Wattawamat</div> -<div class="verse">Is not afraid at the sight. He was not born of a woman,</div> -<div class="verse">But on a mountain, at night, from an oak-tree riven by lightning,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_455" id="Page_455">[455]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Forth he sprang at a bound, with all his weapons about him,</div> -<div class="verse">Shouting, ‘Who is there here to fight with the brave Wattawamat?’”</div> -<div class="verse">Then he unsheathed his knife, and, whetting the blade on his left hand,</div> -<div class="verse">Held it aloft and displayed a woman’s face on the handle,</div> -<div class="verse">Saying, with bitter expression and look of <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref831">sinister meaning</a>:</div> -<div class="verse">“I have another at home, with the face of a man on the handle;</div> -<div class="verse">By and by they shall marry; and there will be plenty of children!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Then stood Pecksuot forth, self-vaunting, insulting Miles Standish;</div> -<div class="verse">While with his fingers he patted the knife that hung at his bosom,</div> -<div class="verse">Drawing it half from its sheath, and plunging it back, as he muttered:</div> -<div class="verse">“By and by it shall see; it shall eat; ah, ha! but shall speak not!</div> -<div class="verse">This is the mighty Captain the white men have sent to destroy us!</div> -<div class="verse">He is a little man; let him go and work with the women!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Meanwhile Standish had noted the faces and figures of Indians</div> -<div class="verse">Peeping and creeping about from bush to tree in the forest,</div> -<div class="verse">Feigning to look for game, with arrows set on their bow-strings,</div> -<div class="verse">Drawing about him still closer and closer the net of their ambush.</div> -<div class="verse">But undaunted he stood, and dissembled and treated them smoothly;</div> -<div class="verse">So the old chronicles say, that were writ in the days of the fathers.</div> -<div class="verse">But when he heard their defiance, the boast, the taunt, and the insult,</div> -<div class="verse">All the hot blood of his race, of Sir Hugh and of Thurston de Standish,</div> -<div class="verse">Boiled and beat in his heart, and swelled in the veins of his temples.</div> -<div class="verse">Headlong he leaped on the boaster, and, snatching his knife from its scabbard,</div> -<div class="verse">Plunged it into his heart, and, reeling backward, the savage</div> -<div class="verse">Fell with his face to the sky, and a fiendlike fierceness upon it.</div> -<div class="verse">Straight there arose from the forest the awful sound of the war-whoop,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_456" id="Page_456">[456]</a></span> -<div class="verse">And, like a flurry of snow on the whistling wind of December,</div> -<div class="verse">Swift and sudden and keen came a flight of feathery arrows.</div> -<div class="verse">Then came a cloud of smoke, and out of the cloud came the lightning,</div> -<div class="verse">Out of the lightning thunder; and death unseen ran before it.</div> -<div class="verse">Frightened, the savages fled for shelter in swamp and in thicket.</div> -<div class="verse">Hotly pursued and beset; but their sachem, the brave Wattawamat,</div> -<div class="verse">Fled not; he was dead. Unswerving and swift had a bullet</div> -<div class="verse">Passed through his brain, and he fell with both hands clutching the greensward,</div> -<div class="verse">Seeming in death to hold back from his foe the land of his fathers.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">There on the flowers of the meadow the warriors lay, and above them,</div> -<div class="verse">Silent, with folded arms, stood Hobomok, friend of the white man.</div> -<div class="verse">Smiling at length, he exclaimed to the stalwart Captain of Plymouth:</div> -<div class="verse">“Pecksuot bragged very loud, of his courage, his strength, and his stature—</div> -<div class="verse">Mocked the great Captain, and called him a little man; but I see now</div> -<div class="verse">Big enough have you been to lay him speechless before you!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Thus the first battle was fought and won by the stalwart Miles Standish.</div> -<div class="verse">When the tidings thereof were brought to the village of Plymouth,</div> -<div class="verse">And as a trophy of war the head of the brave Wattawamat</div> -<div class="verse">Scowled from the roof of the fort, which at once was a church and a fortress,</div> -<div class="verse">All who beheld it rejoiced, and praised the Lord, and took courage.</div> -<div class="verse">Only Priscilla averted her face from this specter of terror.</div> -<div class="verse">Thanking God in her heart that she had not married Miles Standish;</div> -<div class="verse">Shrinking, fearing almost, lest, coming home from his battles,</div> -<div class="verse">He should lay claim to her hand, as the prize and reward of his valor.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_457" id="Page_457">[457]</a></span></p> - -<h5>THE SPINNING-WHEEL</h5> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Month after month passed away, and in autumn the ships of the merchants</div> -<div class="verse">Came with kindred and friends, with cattle and corn for the Pilgrims.</div> -<div class="verse">All in the village was peace; the men were intent on their labors,</div> -<div class="verse">Busy with hewing and building, with garden-plot and with merestead,</div> -<div class="verse">Busy with <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref832">breaking the glebe</a>, and mowing the grass in the meadows,</div> -<div class="verse">Searching the sea for its fish, and hunting the deer in the forest.</div> -<div class="verse">All in the village was peace; but at times the rumor of warfare</div> -<div class="verse">Filled the air with alarm, and the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref833">apprehension of danger</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">Bravely the stalwart Miles Standish was scouring the land with his forces,</div> -<div class="verse">Waxing valiant in fight and defeating the alien armies,</div> -<div class="verse">Till his name had become a sound of fear to the nations.</div> -<div class="verse">Anger was still in his heart, but at times the remorse and contrition</div> -<div class="verse">Which in all noble natures succeed the passionate outbreak,</div> -<div class="verse">Came like a rising tide, that encounters the rush of a river,</div> -<div class="verse">Staying its current awhile, but making it bitter and brackish.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Meanwhile Alden at home had built him a new habitation.</div> -<div class="verse">Solid, substantial, of <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref834">timber roughhewn</a> from the firs of the forest.</div> -<div class="verse">Wooden-barred was the door, and the roof was covered with rushes;</div> -<div class="verse">Latticed the windows were, and the window-panes were of paper,</div> -<div class="verse">Oiled to admit the light, while wind and rain were excluded.</div> -<div class="verse">There too he dug a well, and around it planted an orchard;</div> -<div class="verse">Still may be seen to this day some trace of the well and the orchard.</div> -<div class="verse">Close to the house was the stall, where, safe and secure from annoyance,</div> -<div class="verse">Raghorn, the snow-white bull, that had fallen to <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref835">Alden’s allotment</a></div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_458" id="Page_458">[458]</a></span> -<div class="verse">In the division of cattle, might ruminate in the night-time</div> -<div class="verse">Over the pastures he cropped, made fragrant by sweet penny-royal.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Oft when his labor was finished, with eager feet would the dreamer</div> -<div class="verse">Follow the pathway that ran through the woods to the house of Priscilla,</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref836">Led by illusions</a> romantic and <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref837">subtle deceptions of fancy</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Pleasure disguised as duty, and love in the semblance of friendship.</div> -<div class="verse">Ever of her he thought, when he fashioned the walls of his dwelling;</div> -<div class="verse">Ever of her he thought, when he delved in the soil of his garden;</div> -<div class="verse">Ever of her he thought, when he read in his Bible on Sunday</div> -<div class="verse">Praise of the virtuous woman, as she is described in the Proverbs—</div> -<div class="verse">How the heart of her husband doth safely trust in her always,</div> -<div class="verse">How all the days of her life she will do him good, and not evil,</div> -<div class="verse">How she seeketh the wool and the flax and worketh with gladness,</div> -<div class="verse">How she layeth her hand to the spindle and holdeth the distaff,</div> -<div class="verse">How she is not afraid of the snow for herself or her household,</div> -<div class="verse">Knowing her household are clothed with the scarlet cloth of her weaving!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">So as she sat at her wheel one afternoon in the Autumn,</div> -<div class="verse">Alden, who opposite sat, and was watching her dexterous fingers,</div> -<div class="verse">As if the thread she was spinning were that of his life and his fortune,</div> -<div class="verse">After a pause in their talk, thus spake to the sound of the spindle.</div> -<div class="verse">“Truly, Priscilla,” he said, “when I see you spinning and spinning,</div> -<div class="verse">Never idle a moment, but thrifty and thoughtful of others,</div> -<div class="verse">Suddenly you are transformed, are visibly changed in a moment;</div> -<div class="verse">You are no longer Priscilla, but Bertha the Beautiful Spinner.”</div> -<div class="verse">Here the light foot on the treadle grew swifter and swifter; the spindle</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_459" id="Page_459">[459]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Uttered an angry snarl, and the thread snapped short in her fingers;</div> -<div class="verse">While the impetuous speaker, not heeding the mischief, continued:</div> -<div class="verse">“You are the beautiful Bertha, the spinner, the queen of Helvetia;</div> -<div class="verse">She whose story I read at a stall in the streets of Southampton,</div> -<div class="verse">Who, as she rode on her palfrey, o’er valley and meadow and mountain,</div> -<div class="verse">Ever was spinning her thread from a distaff fixed to her saddle.</div> -<div class="verse">She was so thrifty and good that her name passed into a proverb.</div> -<div class="verse">So shall it be with your own, when the spinning-wheel shall no longer</div> -<div class="verse">Hum in the house of the farmer, and fill its chambers with music.</div> -<div class="verse">Then shall the mothers, reproving, relate how it was in their childhood,</div> -<div class="verse">Praising the good old times, and the days of Priscilla the spinner!”</div> -<div class="verse">Straight uprose from her wheel the beautiful Puritan maiden,</div> -<div class="verse">Pleased with the praise of her thrift from him whose praise was the sweetest,</div> -<div class="verse">Drew from the reel on the table a snowy skein of her spinning,</div> -<div class="verse">Thus making answer, meanwhile, to the flattering phrases of Alden:</div> -<div class="verse">“Come, you must not be idle; if I am a pattern for housewives,</div> -<div class="verse">Show yourself equally worthy of being the model of husbands.</div> -<div class="verse">Hold this skein on your hands, while I wind it, ready for knitting;</div> -<div class="verse">Then who knows but hereafter, when fashions have changed and the manners,</div> -<div class="verse">Fathers may talk to their sons of the good old times of John Alden!”</div> -<div class="verse">Thus, with a jest and a laugh, the skein on his hands she adjusted,</div> -<div class="verse">He sitting awkwardly there, with his arms extended before him,</div> -<div class="verse">She standing graceful, erect, and winding the thread from his fingers,</div> -<div class="verse">Sometimes chiding a little his clumsy manner of holding,</div> -<div class="verse">Sometimes touching his hands, as she disentangled expertly</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_460" id="Page_460">[460]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Twist or knot in the yarn, unawares—for how could she help it?—</div> -<div class="verse">Sending electrical thrills through every nerve in his body.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Lo! in the midst of this scene, a breathless messenger entered,</div> -<div class="verse">Bringing in hurry and heat the terrible news from the village.</div> -<div class="verse">Yes; Miles Standish was dead!—an Indian had brought them the tidings—</div> -<div class="verse">Slain by a poisoned arrow, shot down in the front of the battle,</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref838">Into an ambush beguiled</a>, cut off with the whole of his forces;</div> -<div class="verse">All the town would be burned, and all the people be murdered!</div> -<div class="verse">Such were the tidings of evil that burst on the hearts of the hearers.</div> -<div class="verse">Silent and statue-like stood Priscilla, her face looking backward</div> -<div class="verse">Still at the face of the speaker, her arms uplifted in horror;</div> -<div class="verse">But John Alden, upstarting, as if the barb of the arrow</div> -<div class="verse">Piercing the heart of his friend had struck his own, and had sundered</div> -<div class="verse">Once and forever the bonds that held him bound as a captive,</div> -<div class="verse">Wild with excess of sensation, the awful delight of his freedom,</div> -<div class="verse">Mingled with pain and regret, unconscious of what he was doing.</div> -<div class="verse">Clasped, almost with a groan, the motionless form of Priscilla,</div> -<div class="verse">Pressing her close to his heart, as forever his own, and exclaiming:</div> -<div class="verse">“Those whom the Lord hath united, let no man put them asunder!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Even as rivulets twain, from distant and separate sources,</div> -<div class="verse">Seeing each other afar, as they leap from the rocks, and pursuing</div> -<div class="verse">Each one its devious path, but drawing nearer and nearer,</div> -<div class="verse">Rush together at last, at their <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref839">trysting-place</a> in the forest;</div> -<div class="verse">So these lives that had run thus far in separate channels,</div> -<div class="verse">Coming in sight of each other, then swerving and flowing asunder,</div> -<div class="verse">Parted by barriers strong, but drawing nearer and nearer,</div> -<div class="verse">Rushed together at last, and one was lost in the other.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<h5>THE WEDDING DAY</h5> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Forth from the curtain of clouds, from the tent of purple and scarlet,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_461" id="Page_461">[461]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Issued the sun, the great High-Priest, in his garments resplendent,</div> -<div class="verse">Holiness unto the Lord, in letters of light, on his forehead,</div> -<div class="verse">Round the hem of his robe the golden bells and pomegranates.</div> -<div class="verse">Blessing the world he came, and the bars of vapor beneath him</div> -<div class="verse">Gleamed like a grate of brass, and the sea at his feet was a laver!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">This was the wedding morn of Priscilla the Puritan maiden.</div> -<div class="verse">Friends were assembled together; the Elder and Magistrate also</div> -<div class="verse">Graced the scene with their presence, and stood like the Law and the Gospel,</div> -<div class="verse">One with the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref840">sanction of earth</a> and one with the blessing of heaven.</div> -<div class="verse">Simple and brief was the wedding, as that of Ruth and of Boaz.</div> -<div class="verse">Softly the youth and the maiden repeated the words of betrothal,</div> -<div class="verse">Taking each other for husband and wife in the Magistrate’s presence,</div> -<div class="verse">After the Puritan way, and the laudable custom of Holland.</div> -<div class="verse">Fervently then, and devoutly, the excellent Elder of Plymouth</div> -<div class="verse">Prayed for the hearth and the home, that were founded that day in affection,</div> -<div class="verse">Speaking of life and of death, and imploring divine benedictions.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Lo! when the service was ended, a form appeared on the threshold,</div> -<div class="verse">Clad in armor of steel, a somber and sorrowful figure!</div> -<div class="verse">Why does the bridegroom start and stare at the strange apparition?</div> -<div class="verse">Why does the bride turn pale, and hide her face on his shoulder?</div> -<div class="verse">Is it a phantom of air—<a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref841">a bodiless spectral illusion</a>?</div> -<div class="verse">Is it a ghost from the grave, that has come to forbid the betrothal?</div> -<div class="verse">Long had it stood there unseen, a guest uninvited, unwelcomed;</div> -<div class="verse">Over its clouded eyes there had passed at times an expression</div> -<div class="verse">Softening the gloom and revealing the warm heart hidden beneath them,</div> -<div class="verse">As when across the sky the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref842">driving rack</a> of the rain-cloud</div> -<div class="verse">Grows for a moment thin, and betrays the sun by its brightness.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_462" id="Page_462">[462]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Once it had lifted its hand, and moved its lips, but was silent,</div> -<div class="verse">As if an iron will had mastered the fleeting intention.</div> -<div class="verse">But when were ended the troth and the prayer and the last benediction,</div> -<div class="verse">Into the room it strode, and the people beheld with amazement</div> -<div class="verse">Bodily there in his armor Miles Standish, the Captain of Plymouth!</div> -<div class="verse">Grasping the bridegroom’s hand, he said with emotion, “Forgive me!</div> -<div class="verse">I have been angry and hurt—too long have I cherished the feeling;</div> -<div class="verse">I have been cruel and hard, but now, thank God! it is ended.</div> -<div class="verse">Mine is the same hot blood that leaped in the veins of Hugh Standish,</div> -<div class="verse">Sensitive, swift to resent, but as swift in <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref843">atoning for error</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">Never so much as now was Miles Standish the friend of John Alden.”</div> -<div class="verse">Thereupon answered the bridegroom: “Let all be forgotten between us—</div> -<div class="verse">All save the dear old friendship, and that shall grow older and dearer!”</div> -<div class="verse">Then the Captain advanced, and, bowing, saluted Priscilla,</div> -<div class="verse">Gravely, and after the manner of old-fashioned gentry in England,</div> -<div class="verse">Something of camp and of court, of town and of country, commingled,</div> -<div class="verse">Wishing her joy of her wedding, and loudly lauding her husband.</div> -<div class="verse">Then he said with a smile: “I should have remembered the adage—</div> -<div class="verse">If you would be well served, you must serve yourself; and moreover,</div> -<div class="verse">No man can gather cherries in Kent at the season of Christmas!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Great was the people’s amazement, and greater yet their rejoicing,</div> -<div class="verse">Thus to behold once more the sunburnt face of their Captain,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_463" id="Page_463">[463]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Whom they had mourned as dead; and they gathered and crowded about him,</div> -<div class="verse">Eager to see him and hear him, forgetful of bride and of bridegroom,</div> -<div class="verse">Questioning, answering, laughing, and each interrupting the other,</div> -<div class="verse">Till the good Captain declared, being quite overpowered and bewildered,</div> -<div class="verse">He had rather by far break into an Indian encampment,</div> -<div class="verse">Than come again to a wedding to which he had not been invited.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Meanwhile the bridegroom went forth and stood with the bride at the doorway,</div> -<div class="verse">Breathing the perfumed air of that warm and beautiful morning.</div> -<div class="verse">Touched with autumnal tints, but lonely and sad in the sunshine,</div> -<div class="verse">Lay extended before them the land of toil and privation;</div> -<div class="verse">There were the graves of the dead, and the barren waste of the seashore,</div> -<div class="verse">There the familiar fields, the groves of pine, and the meadows;</div> -<div class="verse">But to their eyes transfigured, it seemed as the Garden of Eden,</div> -<div class="verse">Filled with the presence of God, whose voice was the sound of the ocean.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Soon was their vision disturbed by the noise and stir of departure,</div> -<div class="verse">Friends coming forth from the house, and impatient of longer delaying,</div> -<div class="verse">Each with his plan for the day, and the work that was left uncompleted.</div> -<div class="verse">Then from a stall near at hand, amid exclamations of wonder,</div> -<div class="verse">Alden the thoughtful, the careful, so happy, so proud of Priscilla,</div> -<div class="verse">Brought out his snow-white bull, obeying the hand of its master,</div> -<div class="verse">Led by a cord that was tied to an iron ring in its nostrils,</div> -<div class="verse">Covered with crimson cloth, and a cushion placed for a saddle.</div> -<div class="verse">She should not walk, he said, through the dust and heat of the noon-day;</div> -<div class="verse">Nay, she should ride like a queen, not plod along like a peasant.</div> -<div class="verse">Somewhat alarmed at first, but reassured by the others,</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_464" id="Page_464">[464]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Placing her hand on the cushion, her foot in the hand of her husband,</div> -<div class="verse">Gayly, with joyous laugh, Priscilla mounted her palfrey.</div> -<div class="verse">“Nothing is wanting now,” he said, with a smile, “but the distaff;</div> -<div class="verse">Then you would be in truth my queen, my beautiful Bertha!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent1">Onward the bridal procession now moved to their new habitation,</div> -<div class="verse">Happy husband and wife, and friends conversing together.</div> -<div class="verse">Pleasantly murmured the brook, as they crossed the ford in the forest,</div> -<div class="verse">Pleased with the image that passed, like a dream of love through its bosom,</div> -<div class="verse">Tremulous, floating in air, o’er the depths of the <a href="#phrases71" title="List of phrases" id="ref844">azure abysses</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">Down through the golden leaves the sun was pouring his splendors,</div> -<div class="verse">Gleaming on purple grapes, that, from branches above them suspended,</div> -<div class="verse">Mingled their odorous breath with the balm of the pine and the fir-tree,</div> -<div class="verse">Wild and sweet as the clusters that grew in the valley of Eshcol.</div> -<div class="verse">Like a picture it seemed of the primitive pastoral ages,</div> -<div class="verse">Fresh with the youth of the world, and recalling Rebecca and Isaac,</div> -<div class="verse">Old and yet ever new, and simple and beautiful always,</div> -<div class="verse">Love immortal and young in the endless succession of lovers.</div> -<div class="verse">So through the Plymouth woods passed onward the bridal procession.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_80">see page 80</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Read the history of the Pilgrims’ settlement at Plymouth. -2. Describe the Plymouth of the first year of the settlement. 3. -How long had the Pilgrims been in their new home at the time this story -opens? 4. What tells you this? 5. Find lines that tell how hard the first -winter had been. 6. What tells you that the Captain had read his Cæsar -many times? 7. What principle of conduct did he learn from Cæsar’s -victories? 8. When did he entirely disregard this principle? 9. What -excuse did he give for not acting upon it? 10. Read the words in which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_465" id="Page_465">[465]</a></span> -John Alden tells why he will undertake the Captain’s errand. 11. What -ideal of friendship had he? 12. What do you think of Alden’s description -of his friend’s character? 13. Read the lines in which Priscilla shows her -love of truth and loyalty. 14. When does Miles Standish show himself -most noble? 15. Who is the real hero of this poem? 16. Commit to -memory lines which seem to you to express the moral truths and the high -ideals which the poem puts before us. 17. Make a brief outline of the story. -18. Pronounce the following: athletic; sinews; memoirs; taciturn; aerial; -impious; capacious; stalwart; subtle; hearth.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases71"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref780">corselet of steel, 427, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref781">mystical Arabic sentence, 427, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref782">Spanish arcabucero, 428, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref783">Flemish morasses, 428, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref784">brazen howitzer, 428, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref785">irresistible logic, 428, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref786">belligerent Christians, 429, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref787">Iberian village, 430, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref788">grounding his musket, 431, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref789">culling his phrases, 431, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref790">taciturn stripling, 432, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref791">mask his dismay, 432, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref792">aerial cities, 433, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref793">misty phantoms, 434, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref794">swift retribution, 434, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref795">ravenous spindle, 435, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref796">embellish the theme, 437, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref797">dilated with wonder, 437, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref798">apocalyptical splendors, 439, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref799">fields of dulse, 439, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref800">mutable sands, 439, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref801">importunate pleadings, 439, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref802">rattle of cordage, 440, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref803">bondage of error, 440, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref804">congenial gloom, 441, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref805">sacked and demolished, 441, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref806">sound of sinister omen, 441, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref807">hand-grenade, 441, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref808">implacable hatred, 442, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref809">hostile incursions, 442, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref810">choleric Captain, 442, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref811">sinuous way, 444, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref812">serried billows, 444, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref813">dangers that menaced, 445, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref814">lose the tide, 446, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref815">on the thwarts, 447, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref816">divined his intention, 447, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref817">wall adamantine, 447, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref818">grasping a tiller, 448, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref819">heaving the windlass round, 448, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref820">yards were braced, 448, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref821">irresistible impulse, 450, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref822">subterranean rivers, 450, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref823">a more ethereal level, 451; 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref824">sacred professions, 451, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref825">urged by importunate zeal, 452, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref826">withheld by remorseful misgivings, 453, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref827">to be flouted, 453, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref828">scabbards of wampum, 454, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref829">trenchant knives, 454, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref830">chaffer for peltries, 454, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref831">sinister meaning, 455, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref832">breaking the glebe, 457, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref833">apprehension of danger, 457, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref834">timber roughhewn, 457, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref835">Alden’s allotment, 457, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref836">led by illusions, 458, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref837">subtle deceptions of fancy, 458, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref838">into an ambush beguiled, 460, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref839">trysting-place, 460, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref840">sanction of earth, 461, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref841">a bodiless spectral illusion, 461, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref842">driving rack, 461, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref843">atoning for error, 462, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref844">azure abysses, 464, 9</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_466" id="Page_466">[466]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="AMERICAN_SCENES_AND_LEGENDS">AMERICAN SCENES AND LEGENDS</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header13.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>MY VISIT TO NIAGARA</h4> - -<p class="author">NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE</p> - -<p>Never did a pilgrim approach Niagara with deeper enthusiasm -than mine. I had lingered away from it, and wandered to other -scenes, because my treasury of <a href="#phrases72" title="List of phrases" id="ref845">anticipated enjoyments</a>, comprising -all the wonders of the world, had nothing else so magnificent, and I -was loath to exchange the pleasures of hope for those of memory so -soon. At length the day came. The stage-coach, with a Frenchman -and myself on the back seat, had already left Lewiston, and -in less than an hour would set us down in Manchester. I began to -listen for the roar of the cataract, and trembled with a sensation -like dread, as the moment drew nigh, when its voice of ages must -roll, for the first time, on my ear. The French gentleman stretched -himself from the window, and expressed loud admiration, while, by -a sudden impulse, I threw myself back and closed my eyes. When -the scene shut in, I was glad to think, that for me the whole burst -of Niagara was yet in futurity. We rolled on, and entered the -village of Manchester, bordering on the falls.</p> - -<p>I am quite ashamed of myself here. Not that I ran like a -madman to the falls, and plunged into the thickest of the spray—never -stopping to breathe, till breathing was impossible; not that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_467" id="Page_467">[467]</a></span> -I committed this, or any other <a href="#phrases72" title="List of phrases" id="ref846">suitable extravagance</a>. On the contrary, -I alighted with perfect decency and composure, gave my -cloak to the black waiter, pointed out my baggage, and inquired, -not the nearest way to the cataract, but about the dinner-hour. -The interval was spent in arranging my dress. Within the last -fifteen minutes, my mind had grown strangely benumbed, and my -spirits apathetic, with a slight depression, not decided enough to -be termed sadness. My enthusiasm was in a deathlike slumber. -Without aspiring to immortality, as he did, I could have imitated -that English traveler who turned back from the point where he -first heard the thunder of Niagara, after crossing the ocean to -behold it. Many a Western trader, by the by, has performed a -similar act of heroism with more heroic simplicity, deeming it no -such wonderful feat to dine at the hotel and resume his route to -Buffalo or Lewiston, while the cataract was roaring unseen.</p> - -<p>Such has often been my apathy, when objects, long sought, and -earnestly desired, were placed within my reach. After dinner—at -which an unwonted and <a href="#phrases72" title="List of phrases" id="ref847">perverse epicurism</a> detained me longer -than usual—I lighted a cigar and paced the piazza, minutely -attentive to the aspect and business of a very ordinary village. -Finally, with reluctant step, and the feeling of an intruder, I -walked toward Goat Island. At the toll-house, there were further -excuses for delaying the inevitable moment. My signature was -required in a huge ledger, containing similar records innumerable, -many of which I read. The skin of a great sturgeon, and other -fishes, beasts, and reptiles; a collection of minerals, such as lie in -heaps near the falls; some Indian moccasins, and other trifles, -made of deer-skin and embroidered with beads; several newspapers, -from Montreal, New York, and Boston—all attracted me -in turn. Out of a number of twisted sticks, the manufacture of a -Tuscarora Indian, I selected one of curled maple, curiously convoluted, -and adorned with the carved images of a snake and a fish. -Using this as my pilgrim’s staff, I crossed the bridge. Above and -below me were the rapids, a river of <a href="#phrases72" title="List of phrases" id="ref848">impetuous snow</a>, with here -and there a dark rock amid its whiteness, resisting all the physical -fury, as any cold spirit did the moral influences of the scene. On -reaching Goat Island, which separates the two great segments of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_468" id="Page_468">[468]</a></span> -the falls, I chose the right-hand path, and followed it to the edge -of the American cascade. There, while the falling sheet was yet -invisible, I saw the vapor that never vanishes, and the <a href="#phrases72" title="List of phrases" id="ref849">Eternal -Rainbow</a> of Niagara.</p> - -<p>It was an afternoon of glorious sunshine, without a cloud, save -those of the cataracts. I gained an <a href="#phrases72" title="List of phrases" id="ref850">insulated rock</a>, and beheld a -broad sheet of brilliant and unbroken foam, not shooting in a -curved line from the top of the precipice, but falling headlong -down from height to depth. A narrow stream diverged from the -main branch, and hurried over the crag by a channel of its own, -leaving a little pine-clad island and a streak of precipice between -itself and the larger sheet. Below arose the mist, on which was -painted a dazzling sunbow with two concentric shadows—one, -almost as perfect as the original brightness; and the other, drawn -faintly round the broken edge of the cloud.</p> - -<p>Still I had not half seen Niagara. Following the verge of the -island, the path led me to the Horseshoe, where the real, broad St. -Lawrence, rushing along on a level with its banks, pours its whole -breadth over a concave line of precipice, and thence pursues its -course between lofty crags toward Ontario. A sort of bridge, two -or three feet wide, stretches out along the edge of the descending -sheet, and hangs upon the rising mist, as if that were the foundation -of the frail structure. Here I stationed myself in the blast -of wind, which the rushing river bore along with it. The bridge -was tremulous beneath me, and marked the tremor of the solid -earth. I looked along the whitening rapids, and endeavored to -distinguish a mass of water far above the falls, to follow it to their -verge, and go down with it, in fancy, to the <a href="#phrases72" title="List of phrases" id="ref851">abyss of clouds</a> and -storm. Casting my eyes across the river, and every side, I took in -the whole scene at a glance, and tried to comprehend it in one vast -idea. After an hour thus spent, I left the bridge, and by a stair-case, -winding almost interminably round a post, descended to the -base of the precipice. From that point, my path lay over slippery -stones, and among great fragments of the cliff, to the edge of the -cataract, where the wind at once enveloped me in spray, and perhaps -dashed the rainbow round me. Were my long desires fulfilled? -And had I seen Niagara?</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_469" id="Page_469">[469]</a></span></p> - -<p>Oh, that I had never heard of Niagara till I beheld it! Blessed -were the wanderers of old, who heard its deep roar, sounding -through the woods, as the summons to an unknown wonder, and -approached its awful brink, in all the freshness of <a href="#phrases72" title="List of phrases" id="ref852">native feeling</a>. -Had its own mysterious voice been the first to warn me of its -existence, then, indeed, I might have knelt down and worshiped. -But I had come thither, haunted with a vision of foam and fury, -and dizzy cliffs, and an ocean tumbling down out of the sky—a -scene, in short, which nature had too much good taste and calm -simplicity to realize. My mind had struggled to adapt these false -conceptions to the reality, and finding the effort vain, a wretched -sense of disappointment weighed me down. I climbed the precipice, -and threw myself on the earth, feeling that I was unworthy -to look at the Great Falls, and careless about beholding them -again.</p> - -<p>All that night, as there has been and will be for ages past and -to come, a rushing sound was heard, as if a great tempest were -sweeping through the air. It mingled with my dreams, and made -them full of storm and whirlwind. Whenever I awoke, and heard -this dread sound in the air, and the windows rattling as with a -mighty blast, I could not rest again, till looking forth, I saw -how bright the stars were, and that every leaf in the garden was -motionless. Never was a summer night more calm to the eye, nor -a gale of autumn louder to the ear. The rushing sound proceeds -from the rapids, and the rattling of the casements is but an effect -of the vibration of the whole house, shaken by the jar of the -cataract. The noise of the rapids draws the attention from the -true voice of Niagara, which is a dull, muffled thunder, resounding -between the cliffs. I spent a wakeful hour at midnight, in distinguishing -its reverberations, and rejoiced to find that my former -awe and enthusiasm were reviving.</p> - -<p>Gradually, and after much contemplation, I came to know, by -my own feelings, that Niagara is indeed a wonder of the world, -and not the less wonderful, because time and thought must be -employed in comprehending it. Casting aside all preconceived -notions, and preparation to be dire-struck or delighted, the beholder -must stand beside it in the simplicity of his heart, suffering<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_470" id="Page_470">[470]</a></span> -the mighty scene to work its own impression. Night after -night I dreamed of it, and was gladdened every morning by the -consciousness of a growing capacity to enjoy it. Yet I will not -pretend to the all-absorbing enthusiasm of some more fortunate -spectators, nor deny that very trifling causes would draw my eyes -and thoughts from the cataract.</p> - -<p>The last day that I was to spend at Niagara, before my departure -for the Far West, I sat upon the Table Rock. This celebrated -station did not now, as of old, project fifty feet beyond the -line of the precipice, but was shattered by the fall of an immense -fragment, which lay distant on the shore below. Still, on the -utmost verge of the rock, with my feet hanging over it, I felt as -if suspended in the open air. Never before had my mind been in -such perfect unison with the scene. There were intervals when I -was conscious of nothing but the great river, rolling calmly into -the abyss, rather descending than precipitating itself, and acquiring -tenfold majesty from its unhurried motion. It came like the -march of Destiny. It was not taken by surprise, but seemed to -have anticipated, in all its course through the broad lakes, that it -must pour their collected waters down this height. The perfect -foam of the river, after its descent, and the ever-varying shapes -of mist, rising up, to become clouds in the sky, would be the very -picture of confusion, were it merely transient, like the rage of a -tempest. But when the beholder has stood awhile, and perceives -no lull in the storm, and considers that the vapor and the foam -are as everlasting as the rocks which produce them, all this turmoil -assumes a sort of calmness. It soothes, while it awes the -mind.</p> - -<p>Leaning over the cliff, I saw the guide conducting two adventurers -behind the falls. It was pleasant, from that high seat in -the sunshine, to observe them struggling against the eternal storm -of the lower regions, with heads bent down, now faltering, now -pressing forward, and finally swallowed up in their victory. After -their disappearance, a blast rushed out with an old hat, which it -had swept from one of their heads. The rock, to which they were -directing their unseen course, is marked, at a fearful distance on -the exterior of the sheet, by a jet of foam. The attempt to reach<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_471" id="Page_471">[471]</a></span> -it appears both poetical and perilous to a looker-on, but may be -accomplished without much more difficulty or hazard than in -stemming a violent northeaster. In a few moments, forth came -the children of the mist. Dripping and breathless, they crept -along the base of the cliff, ascended to the guide’s cottage, and -received, I presume, a certificate of their achievement, with three -verses of sublime poetry on the back.</p> - -<p>My contemplations were often interrupted by strangers who -came down from Forsyth’s to take their first view of the falls. -A short, ruddy, middle-aged gentleman, fresh from Old England, -peeped over the rock, and evinced his approbation by a broad -grin. His spouse, a very robust lady, afforded a sweet example of -maternal solicitude, being so intent on the safety of her little boy -that she did not even glance at Niagara. As for the child, he gave -himself wholly to the enjoyment of a stick of candy. Another -traveler, a native American, and no rare character among us, produced -a volume of Captain Hall’s tour, and labored earnestly to -adjust Niagara to the captain’s description, departing, at last, -without one new idea or sensation of his own. The next comer was -provided, not with a printed book, but with a blank sheet of foolscap, -from top to bottom of which, by means of an ever-pointed -pencil, the cataract was made to thunder. In a little talk which -we had together, he awarded his approbation to the general view, -but censured the position of Goat Island, observing that it should -have been thrown farther to the right, so as to widen the American -falls, and contract those of the Horseshoe. Next appeared two -traders of Michigan, who declared, that, upon the whole, the sight -was worth looking at; there certainly was an immense water-power -here; but that, after all, they would go twice as far to see -the noble stone-works of Lockport, where the Grand Canal is -locked down a descent of sixty feet. They were succeeded by a -young fellow, in a homespun cotton dress, with a staff in his hand, -and a pack over his shoulders. He advanced close to the edge of -the rock, where his attention, at first wavering among the different -components of the scene, finally became fixed in the angle of -the Horseshoe falls, which is indeed the central point of interest. -His whole soul seemed to go forth and be transported thither, till<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_472" id="Page_472">[472]</a></span> -the staff slipped from his relaxed grasp, and falling down—down—down—struck -upon the fragment of the Table Rock.</p> - -<p>In this manner I spent some hours, watching the varied impression -made by the cataract on those who disturbed me, and -returning to unwearied contemplation, when left alone. At length -my time came to depart. There is a grassy footpath through the -woods, along the summit of the bank, to a point whence a cause-way, -hewn in the side of the precipice, goes winding down to the -Ferry, about half a mile below the Table Rock. The sun was near -setting, when I emerged from the shadow of the trees, and began -the descent. The indirectness of my downward road continually -changed the point of view, and showed me, in rich and repeated -succession, now, the whitening rapids and majestic leap of the -main river, which appeared more deeply massive as the light departed; -now, the lovelier picture, yet still sublime, of Goat Island, -with its rocks and grove, and the lesser falls, tumbling over the -right bank of the St. Lawrence, like a <a href="#phrases72" title="List of phrases" id="ref853">tributary stream</a>; now, the -long vista of the river, as it <a href="#phrases72" title="List of phrases" id="ref854">eddied and whirled</a> between the cliffs, -to pass through Ontario toward the sea, and everywhere to be wondered -at, for this one <a href="#phrases72" title="List of phrases" id="ref855">unrivaled scene</a>. The golden sunshine tinged -the sheet of the American cascade, and painted on its heaving -spray the broken semi-circle of a rainbow, heaven’s own beauty -crowning earth’s sublimity. My steps were slow, and I paused -long at every turn of the descent, as one lingers and pauses who -discerns a brighter and <a href="#phrases72" title="List of phrases" id="ref856">brightening excellence</a> in what he must -soon behold no more. The solitude of the old wilderness now -reigned over the whole vicinity of the falls. My enjoyment became -the more rapturous, because no poet shared it, nor wretch -devoid of poetry profaned it; but the spot so famous through the -world was all my own!</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_348">see page 348</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Why was Hawthorne at first disappointed in Niagara? -2. How did he finally come to know that it is one of the world’s wonders? -3. What feelings did Niagara produce in Hawthorne? 4. What effect on -the reader did he seek to produce? 5. What does Hawthorne say is necessary<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_473" id="Page_473">[473]</a></span> -in order to appreciate nature? 6. Account for the fact that Niagara -grew on Hawthorne. 7. What comments of other observers does Hawthorne -give? 8. What do you think determines the kind of response an observer -gives to a wonderful scene in nature, such as Niagara? 9. Pronounce the -following: loath; heroism; route; unwonted; minutely; reptiles; tremor; -abyss; tour; idea.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases72"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref845">anticipated enjoyments, 466, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref846">suitable extravagance, 467, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref847">perverse epicurism, 467, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref848">impetuous snow, 467, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref849">Eternal Rainbow, 468, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref850">insulated rock, 468, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref851">abyss of clouds, 468, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref852">native feeling, 469, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref855">tributary stream, 472, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref853">eddied and whirled, 472, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref854">unrivaled scene, 472, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref856">brightening excellence, 472, 25</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>FROM MORN TILL NIGHT ON A FLORIDA RIVER</h4> - -<p class="author">SIDNEY LANIER</p> - -<p>For a perfect journey God gave us a perfect day. The little -Ocklawaha steamboat Marion had started on her voyage some -hours before daylight. She had taken on her passengers the night -previous. By seven o’clock on such a May morning as no words -could describe we had made twenty-five miles up the St. Johns. -At this point the Ocklawaha flows into the St. Johns, one hundred -miles above Jacksonville.</p> - -<p>Presently we abandoned the broad highway of the St. Johns, -and turned off to the right into the narrow lane of the Ocklawaha. -This is the sweetest water-lane in the world, a lane which -runs for more than one hundred and fifty miles of pure delight -betwixt hedge-rows of oaks and cypresses and palms and magnolias -and mosses and vines; a lane clean to travel, for there is never -a speck of dust in it save the blue dust and gold dust which the -wind blows out of the flags and lilies.</p> - -<p>As we advanced up the stream our wee craft seemed to emit her -steam in leisurely whiffs, as one puffs one’s cigar in a contemplative -walk through the forest. Dick, the pole-man, lay asleep on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_474" id="Page_474">[474]</a></span> -the guards, in great peril of rolling into the river over the three -inches between his length and the edge; the people of the boat -moved not, and spoke not; the white crane, the curlew, the heron, -the water-turkey, were scarcely disturbed in their <a href="#phrases73" title="List of phrases" id="ref857">quiet avocations</a> -as we passed, and quickly succeeded in persuading themselves -after each momentary excitement of our gliding by, that -we were really no monster, but only some <a href="#phrases73" title="List of phrases" id="ref858">day-dream of a monster</a>.</p> - -<p>“Look at that snake in the water!” said a gentleman, as we sat -on deck with the engineer, just come up from his watch.</p> - -<p>The engineer smiled. “Sir, it is a water-turkey,” he said, -gently.</p> - -<p>The water-turkey is the most preposterous bird within the -range of ornithology. He is not a bird; he is a neck with such -<a href="#phrases73" title="List of phrases" id="ref859">subordinate rights</a>, members, belongings, and heirlooms as seem -necessary to that end. He has just enough stomach to arrange -nourishment for his neck, just enough wings to fly painfully along -with his neck, and just big enough legs to keep his neck from -dragging on the ground; and his neck is light-colored, while the -rest of him is black. When he saw us he jumped up on a limb -and stared. Then suddenly he dropped into the water, sank like -a leaden ball out of sight, and made us think he was drowned. -Presently the tip of his beak appeared, then the length of his neck -lay along the surface of the water. In this position, with his body -submerged, he shot out his neck, drew it back, wriggled it, twisted -it, twiddled it, and poked it spirally into the east, the west, the -north, and the south, round and round with a violence and energy -that made one think in the same breath of corkscrews and of lightnings. -But what nonsense! All that labor and <a href="#phrases73" title="List of phrases" id="ref860">perilous contortion</a> -for a beggarly sprat or a couple of inches of water-snake.</p> - -<p>Some twenty miles from the mouth of the Ocklawaha, at the -right-hand edge of the stream, is the handsomest residence in -America. It belongs to a certain alligator of my acquaintance, -a very honest and worthy <a href="#phrases73" title="List of phrases" id="ref861">reptile of good repute</a>. A little cove of -water, dark-green under the overhanging leaves, placid and clear, -curves round at the river edge into the flags and lilies, with a curve -just heart-breaking for its pure beauty. This house of the alligator -is divided into apartments, little bays which are scalloped out by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_475" id="Page_475">[475]</a></span> -the lily-pads, according to the winding fancies of their growth. -My reptile, when he desires to sleep, has but to lie down anywhere; -he will find marvelous mosses for his mattress beneath him; his -sheets will be white lily-petals; and the green disks of the lily-pads -will straightway embroider themselves together above him -for his coverlet. He never quarrels with his cook, he is not the -slave of a kitchen, and his one house-maid—the stream—forever -sweeps his chambers clean. His conservatories there under the -glass of that water are ever, without labor, filled with the enchantments -of under-water growths.</p> - -<p>His parks and his pleasure-grounds are larger than any king’s. -Upon my saurian’s house the winds have no power, the rains are -only a new delight to him, and the snows he will never see. Regarding -fire, as he does not use it as a slave, so he does not fear -it as a tyrant.</p> - -<p>Thus all the elements are the friends of my alligator’s house. -While he sleeps he is being bathed. What glory to awake sweetened -and freshened by the sole, careless act of sleep!</p> - -<p>Lastly, my saurian has unnumbered mansions, and can change -his dwelling as no human house-holder may; it is but a flip of his -tail, and lo! he is established in another place as good as the last, -ready furnished to his liking.</p> - -<p>On and on up the river! We find it a river without banks. -The swift, deep current meanders between tall lines of trees; -beyond these, on either side, there is water also—a thousand shallow -rivulets lapsing past the bases of a multitude of trees.</p> - -<p>Along the edges of the stream every tree-trunk, sapling, and -stump is wrapped about with a close-growing vine. The edges of -the stream are also defined by flowers and water-leaves. The tall -blue flags, the lilies sitting on their round lily-pads like white -queens on green thrones, the tiny stars and long ribbons of the water-grasses—all -these border the river in an <a href="#phrases73" title="List of phrases" id="ref862">infinite variety</a> of -adornment.</p> - -<p>And now, after this day of glory, came a night of glory. -Deep down in these shaded lanes it was dark indeed as the night -drew on. The stream which had been all day a <a href="#phrases73" title="List of phrases" id="ref863">girdle of beauty</a>, -blue or green, now became a black <a href="#phrases73" title="List of phrases" id="ref864">band of mystery</a>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_476" id="Page_476">[476]</a></span></p> - -<p>But presently a <a href="#phrases73" title="List of phrases" id="ref865">brilliant flame flares</a> out overhead: They have -lighted the pine-knots on top of the pilot-house. The fire advances -up these dark windings like a brilliant god.</p> - -<p>The startled birds suddenly flutter into the light and after an -instant of illuminated flight melt into the darkness. From the -perfect silence of these short flights one derives a certain <a href="#phrases73" title="List of phrases" id="ref866">sense -of awe</a>.</p> - -<p>Now there is a mighty crack and crash: limbs and leaves -scrape and scrub along the deck; a little bell tinkles; we stop. In -turning a short curve, the boat has run her nose smack into the -right bank, and a projecting stump has thrust itself sheer through -the starboard side. Out, Dick! Out, Henry! Dick and Henry -shuffle forward to the bow, thrust forth their long white pole -against a tree-trunk, strain and push and bend to the deck as if -they were salaaming the god of night and adversity. Our bow -slowly rounds into the stream, the wheel turns and we puff quietly -along.</p> - -<p>And now it is bed-time. Let me tell you how to sleep on an -Ocklawaha steamer in May. With a small bribe persuade Jim, -the steward, to take the mattress out of your berth and lay it -slanting just along the railing that encloses the lower part of the -deck in front and to the left of the pilot-house. Lie flat on your -back down on the mattress, draw your blanket over you, put your -cap on your head, on account of the night air, fold your arms, -say some little prayer or other, and fall asleep with a star looking -right down on your eye. When you wake in the morning you will -feel as new as Adam.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Sidney Lanier (1842-1881) was a native of Georgia. When -a mere lad, just out of college, he entered the Confederate army and faithfully -devoted the most precious years of his life to that service. While in -a military prison he contracted the dread “White Plague,” and during his -few remaining years he struggled constantly with disease and poverty. He -was a talented musician and often found it necessary to supplement the -earnings of his pen by playing in an orchestra. His thorough knowledge -and fine sense of music also appear in his masterly treatise on the “Science -of English Verse.” During his last years he held a lectureship on English<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_477" id="Page_477">[477]</a></span> -Literature in Johns Hopkins University, at Baltimore. He has often been -compared with Poe in the exquisite melody of his verse, while in unaffected -simplicity and in truthfulness to nature he is not surpassed by Bryant or -Whittier. His prose as well as his poetry breathes the very spirit of his -sunny southland. In the “Song of the Chattahoochee”, “The Marshes of -Glynn,” and “On a Florida River,” one scents the balsam of the Georgia -pines among which he lived, and the odor of magnolia groves, jessamine, -and wild honey-suckle.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. From this selection what do you think of the author’s -power of description? 2. Mention instances in which he makes use of humor -to add to his descriptive power. 3. Quote his words describing the Ocklawaha. -4. What does the author mean by saying, “We find it a river without -banks”? 5. In your own words, give a description of the alligator’s -home. 6. Make a list of things Lanier saw on this trip that he would not see -on a trip down a river in New England. 7. What gives melody to this -piece of prose? 8. What comparison do you find in lines 31 and 32, page -475? 9. Point out some examples of alliteration; for what purpose does -the author use alliteration? 10. Pronounce the following: palms; leisurely; -infinite.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases73"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref857">quiet avocations, 474, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref858">day-dream of a monster, 474, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref859">subordinate rights, 474, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref860">perilous contortion, 474, 29</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref861">reptile of good repute, 474, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref862">infinite variety, 475, 32</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref863">girdle of beauty, 475, 36</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref864">band of mystery, 475, 37</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref865">brilliant flame flares, 476, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref866">sense of awe, 476, 6</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>I SIGH FOR THE LAND OF THE CYPRESS AND PINE</h4> - -<p class="author">SAMUEL HENRY DICKSON</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I sigh for the land of the cypress and pine;</div> -<div class="verse">Where the jessamine blooms, and the gay woodbine;</div> -<div class="verse">Where the moss droops low from the green oak tree—</div> -<div class="verse">Oh, that sun-bright land is the land for me!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The snowy flower of the orange there</div> -<div class="verse">Sheds its sweet fragrance through the air;</div> -<div class="verse">And the Indian rose delights to twine</div> -<div class="verse">Its branches with the laughing vine.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_478" id="Page_478">[478]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">There the deer leaps light through the open glade,</div> -<div class="verse">Or hides him far in the forest shade,</div> -<div class="verse">When the woods resound in the dewy morn</div> -<div class="verse">With the clang of the merry hunter’s horn.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">There the humming-bird, of rainbow plume,</div> -<div class="verse">Hangs over the scarlet creeper’s bloom;</div> -<div class="verse">While ’midst the leaves his varying dyes</div> -<div class="verse">Sparkle like half-seen fairy eyes.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">There the echoes ring through the livelong day</div> -<div class="verse">With the mock-bird’s changeful roundelay;</div> -<div class="verse">And at night, when the scene is calm and still,</div> -<div class="verse">With the moan of the plaintive whip-poor-will.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Oh! I sigh for the land of the cypress and pine,</div> -<div class="verse">Of the laurel, the rose, and the gay woodbine,</div> -<div class="verse">Where the long, gray moss decks the rugged oak tree,—</div> -<div class="verse">That sun-bright land is the land for me.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Samuel Henry Dickson (1798-1872) was born in Charleston, -South Carolina. He was graduated at Yale College in 1814, and afterward -took a course in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Dickson -was professor of medicine successively at the medical school at Charleston, -at the University of the City of New York, and at Jefferson Medical -College, Philadelphia. He wrote several books on medicine. His love for -his native sun-bright southland is beautifully expressed, in this poem.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What part of the country does the poet mean when -he refers to the “land of Cyprus and pine”? 2. Mention the beautiful things -named in the first stanza which characterize this land. 3. Have you ever seen -the moss “which droops low from the green oak tree”? Where? 4. What -birds does the poet mention in this selection? 5. Do you think these birds -would be found in the woods of Maine or Wisconsin? 6. Note the changes -of the time of day throughout the poem. In which stanza is the “morn” -spoken of? The “livelong day”? The night? 7. Have you ever heard “the -moan of the plaintive whip-poor-will”? 8. Do you think the poet was right -in calling its note a “moan”? Do you know how this bird got its name? -9. Does the poet convince you that this is a land worth sighing for?</p> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_479" id="Page_479">[479]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE LEGEND OF SLEEPY HOLLOW</h4> - -<p class="author">WASHINGTON IRVING</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">A pleasing land of drowsy head it was,</div> -<div class="verse">Of dreams that wave before the half-shut eye;</div> -<div class="verse">And of gay castles in the clouds that pass,</div> -<div class="verse">Forever flushing round a summer sky.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse right">—<span class="smcap">Castle of Indolence.</span></div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<h5>THE VALLEY AND ITS SUPERSTITIONS</h5> - -<p>In the bosom of one of those <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref867">spacious coves</a> which indent the -eastern shore of the Hudson, at that broad expansion of the river -denominated by the ancient Dutch navigators the Tappan Zee, -and where they always prudently shortened sail, and implored the -protection of St. Nicholas when they crossed, there lies a small -market-town or rural port, which by some is called Greensburgh, -but which is more generally and properly known by the name of -Tarry Town. This name was given, we are told, in former days, -by the good housewives of the adjacent country, from the <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref868">inveterate -propensity</a> of their husbands to linger about the village -tavern on market days. Be that as it may, I do not vouch for -the fact, but merely advert to it, for the sake of being <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref869">precise and -authentic</a>. Not far from this village, perhaps about two miles, -there is a little valley, or rather lap of land, among high hills, -which is one of the quietest places in the whole world. A small -brook glides through it, with just murmur enough to lull one to -repose; and the occasional whistle of a quail, or tapping of a -woodpecker, is almost the only sound that ever breaks in upon -the uniform tranquillity.</p> - -<p>I recollect that, when a stripling, my first exploit in squirrel-shooting -was in a grove of tall walnut trees that shades one side -of the valley. I had wandered into it at noon time, when all nature -is peculiarly quiet, and was startled by the roar of my own gun, -as it broke the Sabbath stillness around, and was <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref870">prolonged and -reverberated</a> by the angry echoes. If ever I should wish for a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_480" id="Page_480">[480]</a></span> -retreat, whither I might steal from the world and its distractions, -and dream quietly away the remnant of a troubled life, I know -of none more promising than this little valley.</p> - -<p>From the listless repose of the place, and the peculiar character -of its inhabitants, who are descendants from the original Dutch -settlers, this sequestered glen has long been known by the name -of Sleepy Hollow, and its rustic lads are called the Sleepy Hollow -Boys throughout all the neighboring country. A drowsy, dreamy -influence seems to hang over the land, and to pervade the very -atmosphere. Some say that the place was bewitched by a high -German doctor, during the early days of the settlement; others, -that an old Indian chief, the prophet or wizard of his tribe, held -his <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref871">pow-wows</a> there before the country was discovered by Master -Hendrick Hudson. Certain it is, the place still continues under -the sway of some witching power, that holds a spell over the minds -of the good people, causing them to walk in a continual reverie. -They are given to all kinds of marvelous beliefs; are subject to -trances and visions; and frequently see strange sights, and hear -music and voices in the air. The whole neighborhood abounds -with local tales, haunted spots, and twilight superstitions; stars -shoot and meteors glare oftener across the valley than in any other -part of the country, and the nightmare, with her whole nine fold, -seems to make it the favorite scene of her gambols.</p> - -<p>The dominant spirit, however, that haunts this enchanted -region, and seems to be commander-in-chief of all the powers of -the air, is the apparition of a figure on horseback without a head. -It is said by some to be the ghost of a Hessian trooper, whose -head had been carried away by a cannon-ball, in some nameless -battle during the Revolutionary war; and who is ever and anon -seen by the country folk, hurrying along in the gloom of night, as -if on the wings of the wind. His haunts are not confined to the -valley, but extend at times to the adjacent roads, and especially -to the vicinity of a church at no great distance. Indeed, certain -of the most authentic historians of those parts, who have been -careful in collecting and collating the floating facts concerning -this specter, allege that the body of the trooper having been -buried in the churchyard, the ghost rides forth to the scene of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_481" id="Page_481">[481]</a></span> -battle in nightly quest of his head; and that the rushing speed with -which he sometimes passes along the Hollow, like a midnight -blast, is owing to his being belated, and in a hurry to get back to -the churchyard before daybreak.</p> - -<p>Such is the general purport of this <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref872">legendary superstition</a>, -which has furnished materials for many a wild story in that region -of shadows; and the specter is known, at all the country firesides, -by the name of the Headless Horseman of Sleepy Hollow.</p> - -<p>It is remarkable that the visionary propensity I have mentioned -is not confined to the native inhabitants of the valley, but -is unconsciously imbibed by every one who resides there for a -time. However wide awake they may have been before they -entered that sleepy region, they are sure, in a little time, to inhale -the witching influence of the air, and begin to grow imaginative—to -dream dreams, and see apparitions.</p> - -<p>I mention this peaceful spot with all possible laud; for it is in -such little retired Dutch valleys, found here and there embosomed -in the great State of New York, that population, manners, and -customs remain fixed; while the <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref873">great torrent of migration</a> and -improvement, which is making such incessant changes in other -parts of this restless country, sweeps by them unobserved. They -are like those little nooks of still water which border a rapid -stream; where we may see the straw and bubble riding quietly at -anchor, or slowly revolving in their mimic harbor, undisturbed by -the rush of the passing current. Though many years have elapsed -since I trod the drowsy shades of Sleepy Hollow, yet I question -whether I should not still find the same trees and the same families -vegetating in its sheltered bosom.</p> - -<h5>ICHABOD CRANE AND KATRINA VAN TASSEL</h5> - -<p>In this by-place of nature, there abode, in a remote period of -American history, that is to say, some thirty years since, a worthy -wight of the name of Ichabod Crane; who sojourned, or, as he -expressed it, “tarried,” in Sleepy Hollow, for the purpose of instructing -the children of the vicinity. He was a native of Connecticut, -a State which supplies the Union with pioneers for the -mind as well as for the forest, and sends forth yearly its legions of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_482" id="Page_482">[482]</a></span> -frontier woodsmen and country school-masters. The cognomen of -Crane was not inapplicable to his person. He was tall, but exceedingly -lank, with narrow shoulders, long arms and legs, hands -that dangled a mile out of his sleeves, feet that might have served -for shovels, and his whole frame most loosely hung together. His -head was small, and flat at top, with huge ears, large green glassy -eyes, and a long snipe nose, so that it looked like a weather-cock, -perched upon his spindle neck, to tell which way the wind blew. -To see him striding along the profile of a hill on a windy day, -with his clothes bagging and fluttering about him, one might have -mistaken him for the <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref874">genius of famine</a> descending upon the earth, -or some scarecrow eloped from a cornfield.</p> - -<p>His schoolhouse was a low building of one large room, rudely -constructed of logs; the windows partly glazed, and partly patched -with leaves of old copy-books. It was most ingeniously secured -at vacant hours, by a withe twisted in the handle of the door, and -stakes set against the window shutters; so that, though a thief -might get in with perfect ease, he would find some embarrassment -in getting out; an idea most probably borrowed by the architect, -Yost Van Houten, from the mystery of an eel-pot. The schoolhouse -stood in a rather lonely but pleasant situation, just at the -foot of a woody hill, with a brook running close by, and a formidable -birch tree growing at one end of it. From hence the low -murmur of his pupils’ voices, conning over their lessons, might be -heard in a drowsy summer’s day, like the hum of a bee-hive; -interrupted now and then by the authoritative voice of the master, -in the tone of menace or command; or, peradventure, by the appalling -sound of the birch, as he urged some tardy loiterer along -the flowery path of knowledge. Truth to say, he was a conscientious -man, and ever bore in mind the golden maxim, “Spare the -rod and spoil the child.”—Ichabod Crane’s scholars certainly were -not spoiled.</p> - -<p>I would not have it imagined, however, that he was one of -those <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref875">cruel potentates</a> of the school, who joy in the smart of their -subjects; on the contrary, he administered justice with discrimination -rather than severity, taking the burthen off the backs of -the weak and laying it on those of the strong. Your mere puny<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_483" id="Page_483">[483]</a></span> -stripling, that winced at the least flourish of the rod, was passed -by with indulgence; but the claims of justice were satisfied by -inflicting a double portion on some little, tough, wrong-headed, -broad-skirted Dutch urchin, who sulked and swelled and grew -dogged and sullen beneath the birch. All this he called “doing his -duty by their parents” and he never inflicted a chastisement without -following it by the assurance, so consolatory to the smarting -urchin, that “he would remember it, and thank him for it the -longest day he had to live.”</p> - -<p>When school hours were over, he was even the companion and -playmate of the larger boys; and on holiday afternoons would -convoy some of the smaller ones home, who happened to have -pretty sisters, or good housewives for mothers, noted for the <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref876">comforts -of the cupboard</a>. Indeed it behooved him to keep on good -terms with his pupils. The revenue arising from his school was -small, and would have been scarcely sufficient to furnish him with -daily bread, for he was a huge feeder, and, though lank, had the -<a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref877">dilating powers of an anaconda</a>; but to help out his maintenance, -he was, according to country custom in those parts, boarded and -lodged at the houses of the farmers whose children he instructed. -With these he lived successively a week at a time; thus going the -rounds of the neighborhood, with all his worldly effects tied up -in a cotton handkerchief.</p> - -<p>That all this might not be too onerous on the purses of his -rustic patrons, who are apt to consider the costs of schooling a -grievous burden, and schoolmasters as mere drones, he had various -ways of rendering himself both useful and agreeable. He assisted -the farmers occasionally in the lighter labors of their farms; -helped to make hay; mended the fences; took the horses to water; -drove the cows from pasture; and cut wood for the winter fire. -He laid aside, too, all the dominant dignity and absolute sway -with which he lorded it in his little empire, the school, and became -wonderfully gentle and ingratiating. He found favor in the eyes -of the mothers, by petting the children, particularly the youngest; -and like the lion bold, which whilom so magnanimously the lamb -did hold, he would sit with a child on one knee, and rock a cradle -with his foot for whole hours together.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_484" id="Page_484">[484]</a></span></p> - -<p>In addition to his other vocations, he was the singing-master -of the neighborhood, and picked up many bright shillings by -instructing the young folks in psalmody. It was a matter of no -little vanity to him, on Sundays, to take his station in front of -the church gallery, with a band of chosen singers; where, in his -own mind, he completely carried away the palm from the parson. -Certain it is, his voice resounded far above all the rest of the -congregation; and there are peculiar quavers still to be heard in -that church, and which may even be heard half a mile off, quite -to the opposite side of the mill-pond, on a still Sunday morning, -which are said to be <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref878">legitimately descended</a> from the nose of -Ichabod Crane. Thus, by divers little makeshifts in that ingenious -way which is commonly denominated “by hook and by -crook,” the worthy pedagogue got on tolerably enough, and was -thought, by all who understood nothing of the labor of headwork, -to have a wonderfully easy life of it.</p> - -<p>The schoolmaster is generally a man of some importance in -the female circle of a rural neighborhood, being considered a kind -of idle gentlemanlike personage, of vastly superior taste and accomplishments -to the rough country swains, and, indeed, inferior -in learning only to the parson. His appearance, therefore, is apt -to occasion some little stir at the tea table of a farmhouse, and -the addition of a supernumerary dish of cakes or sweetmeats, or, -peradventure, the parade of a silver teapot. Our man of letters, -therefore, was peculiarly happy in the smiles of all the country -damsels. How he would figure among them in the churchyard, -between services on Sundays! gathering grapes for them from the -wild vines that overran the surrounding trees; reciting for their -amusement all the epitaphs on the tombstones; or sauntering, with -a whole bevy of them, along the banks of the adjacent mill-pond; -while the more bashful country bumpkins hung sheepishly back, -envying his superior elegance and address.</p> - -<p>From his half itinerant life, also, he was a kind of traveling -gazette, carrying the whole budget of local gossip from house to -house; so that his appearance was always greeted with satisfaction. -He was, moreover, esteemed by the women as a man of -great erudition, for he had read several books quite through, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_485" id="Page_485">[485]</a></span> -was a perfect master of Cotton Mather’s history of New England -Witchcraft, in which, by the way, he most firmly and potently -believed.</p> - -<p>He was, in fact, an odd mixture of small shrewdness and simple -credulity. His appetite for the marvelous, and his powers of -digesting it, were equally extraordinary; and both had been increased -by his residence in this spellbound region. No tale was -too gross or monstrous for his capacious swallow. It was often -his delight, after his school was dismissed in the afternoon, to -stretch himself on the rich bed of clover, bordering the little brook -that whimpered by his schoolhouse, and there con over old -Mather’s direful tales, until the gathering dusk of the evening -made the printed page a mere mist before his eyes. Then, as he -wended his way, by swamp and stream and awful woodland, to -the farmhouse where he happened to be quartered, every sound -of nature, at that witching hour, fluttered his excited imagination: -the moan of the whippoorwill from the hill-side; the boding cry -of the tree-toad, that harbinger of storm; the dreary hooting of the -screech-owl, or the sudden rustling in the thicket of birds frightened -from their roost. The fire-flies, too, which sparkled most -vividly in the darkest places, now and then startled him, as one -of uncommon brightness would stream across his path; and if, by -chance, a huge blockhead of a beetle came winging his blundering -flight against him, the poor varlet was ready to give up the ghost, -with the idea that he was struck with a witch’s token. His only -resource on such occasions, either to drown thought, or drive away -evil spirits, was to sing psalm tunes; and the good people of -Sleepy Hollow, as they sat by their doors of an evening, were -often filled with awe, at hearing his nasal melody, “in linked -sweetness long drawn out,” floating from the distant hill, or along -the dusky road.</p> - -<p>Another of his sources of fearful pleasure was to pass long -winter evenings with the old Dutch wives, as they sat spinning by -the fire, with a row of apples roasting and spluttering along the -hearth, and listen to their marvelous tales of ghosts and goblins, -and haunted fields, and haunted brooks, and haunted bridges, and -haunted houses, and particularly of the headless horseman, or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_486" id="Page_486">[486]</a></span> -galloping Hessian of the Hollow, as they sometimes called him. -He would delight them equally by his anecdotes of witchcraft, -and of the <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref879">direful omens</a> and portentous sights and sounds in the -air, which prevailed in the earlier times of Connecticut; and -would frighten them woefully with speculations upon comets and -shooting stars; and with the alarming fact that the world did -absolutely turn round, and that they were half the time topsy-turvy!</p> - -<p>But if there was a pleasure in all this, while snugly cuddling in -the chimney corner of a chamber that was all of a ruddy glow -from the crackling wood fire, and where, of course, no specter -dared to show his face, it was dearly purchased by the terrors of -his subsequent walk homewards. What fearful shapes and -shadows beset his path amidst the dim and ghastly glare of a -snowy night!—With what wistful look did he eye every trembling -ray of light streaming across the waste fields from some -distant window!—How often was he appalled by some shrub -covered with snow, which, like a sheeted specter, beset his very -path!—How often did he shrink with <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref880">curdling awe</a> at the sound of -his own steps on the frosty crust beneath his feet; and dread to -look over his shoulder, lest he should behold some uncouth being -tramping close behind him!—and how often was he thrown into -complete dismay by some rushing blast, howling among the trees, -in the idea that it was the Galloping Hessian on one of his nightly -scourings!</p> - -<p>All these, however, were mere terrors of the night, phantoms -of the mind that walk in darkness; and though he had seen many -specters in his time, and been more than once beset by Satan in -divers shapes, in his lonely perambulations, yet daylight put an -end to all these evils; and he would have passed a pleasant life of -it, in despite of the devil and all his works, if his path had not -been crossed by a being that causes more perplexity to mortal -man than ghosts, goblins, and the whole race of witches put together, -and that was—a woman.</p> - -<p>Among the musical disciples who assembled, one evening in -each week, to receive his instructions in psalmody, was Katrina -Van Tassel, the daughter and only child of a substantial Dutch<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_487" id="Page_487">[487]</a></span> -farmer. She was a blooming lass of fresh eighteen; plump as a -partridge; ripe and melting and rosy cheeked as one of her -father’s peaches; and universally famed, not merely for her -beauty, but her vast expectations. She was withal a little of a -coquette, as might be perceived even in her dress, which was a -mixture of ancient and modern fashions, as most suited to set off -her charms. She wore the ornaments of pure yellow gold, which -her great-great-grandmother had brought over from Saardam; -the tempting stomacher of the olden time; and withal a provokingly -short petticoat, to display the prettiest foot and ankle in -the country round.</p> - -<p>Ichabod Crane had a soft and foolish heart toward the sex; -and it is not to be wondered at that so tempting a morsel soon -found favor in his eyes, more especially after he had visited her -in her paternal mansion. Old Baltus Van Tassel was a perfect -picture of a thriving, contented, liberal-hearted farmer. He -seldom, it is true, sent either his eyes or his thoughts beyond the -boundaries of his own farm; but within those every thing was -snug, happy, and well-conditioned. He was satisfied with his -wealth, but not proud of it; and piqued himself upon the hearty -abundance, rather than the style in which he lived. His stronghold -was situated on the banks of the Hudson, in one of those -green, sheltered, fertile nooks, in which the Dutch farmers are so -fond of nestling. A great elm-tree spread its broad branches over -it; at the foot of which bubbled up a spring of the softest and -sweetest water, in a little well, formed of a barrel; and then stole -sparkling away through the grass, to a neighboring brook, that -bubbled along among alders and dwarf willows. Hard by the -farmhouse was a vast barn, that might have served for a church; -every window and crevice of which seemed bursting forth with -the treasures of the farm; the flail was busily resounding within -it from morning to night; swallows and martins skimmed twittering -about the eaves; and rows of pigeons, some with one eye -turned up, as if watching the weather, some with their heads -under their wings or buried in their bosoms, and others swelling, -and cooing, and bowing about their dames, were enjoying the -sunshine on the roof. Sleek unwieldy porkers were grunting in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_488" id="Page_488">[488]</a></span> -the repose and abundance of their pens, whence sallied forth, now -and then, troops of sucking pigs, as if to snuff the air. A stately -squadron of snowy geese were riding in an adjoining pond, convoying -whole fleets of ducks; regiments of turkeys were gobbling -through the farmyard, and guinea fowls fretting about it, like ill-tempered -housewives, with their peevish discontented cry. Before -the barn door strutted the gallant cock, that pattern of a husband, -a warrior, and a fine gentleman, clapping his burnished wings, -and crowing in the pride and gladness of his heart—sometimes -tearing up the earth with his feet, and then generously calling his -ever-hungry family of wives and children to enjoy the rich morsel -which he had discovered.</p> - -<p>The pedagogue’s mouth watered, as he looked upon this <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref881">sumptuous -promise</a> of luxurious winter fare. In his devouring mind’s -eye he pictured to himself every roasting-pig running about with -a pudding in his belly, and an apple in his mouth; the pigeons -were snugly put to bed in a comfortable pie, and tucked in with a -coverlet of crust; the geese were swimming in their own gravy; -and the ducks pairing cozily in dishes, like snug married couples, -with a decent competency of onion sauce. In the porkers he saw -carved out the future sleek side of bacon, and juicy relishing ham; -not a turkey but he beheld daintily trussed up, with its gizzard -under its wing, and peradventure, a necklace of savory sausages; -and even bright chanticleer himself lay sprawling on his back, in -a side-dish, with uplifted claws, as if craving that quarter which -his chivalrous spirit disdained to ask while living.</p> - -<p>As the enraptured Ichabod fancied all this, and as he rolled -his great green eyes over the fat meadow-lands, the rich fields of -wheat, of rye, of buckwheat, and Indian corn, and the orchards -burthened with ruddy fruit which surrounded the warm tenement -of Van Tassel, his heart yearned after the damsel who was to -inherit these domains, and his imagination expanded with the idea, -how they might be readily turned into cash, and the money invested -in immense tracts of wild land, and shingle palaces in the -wilderness. Nay, his busy fancy already realized his hopes, and -presented to him the blooming Katrina, with a whole family of -children, mounted on the top of a wagon loaded with household<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_489" id="Page_489">[489]</a></span> -trumpery, with pots and kettles dangling beneath; and he beheld -himself bestriding a pacing mare, with a colt at her heels, setting -out for Kentucky, Tennessee, or the Lord knows where.</p> - -<p>When he entered the house the conquest of his heart was complete. -It was one of those spacious farmhouses, with high-ridged, -but lowly-sloping roofs, built in the style handed down from the -first Dutch settlers; the low projecting eaves forming a piazza -along the front, capable of being closed up in bad weather. Under -this were hung flails, harness, various <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref882">utensils of husbandry</a>, and -nets for fishing in the neighboring river. Benches were built -along the sides for summer use; and a great spinning-wheel at -one end, and a churn at the other, showed the various uses to -which this important porch might be devoted. From this piazza -the wondering Ichabod entered the hall, which formed the center -of the mansion and the place of usual residence. Here rows of -resplendent pewter, ranged on a long dresser, dazzled his eyes. -In one corner stood a huge bag of wool ready to be spun; in another -a quantity of linsey-woolsey just from the loom; ears of -Indian corn, and strings of dried apples and peaches, hung in gay -festoons along the walls, mingled with the gaud of red peppers; -and a door left ajar gave him a peep into the best parlor, where -the claw-footed chairs and dark mahogany tables shone like -mirrors; and irons, with their accompanying shovel and tongs, -glistened from their covert of asparagus tops; mock-oranges and -conch-shells decorated the mantelpiece; strings of various colored -birds’ eggs were suspended above it; a great ostrich egg was hung -from the center of the room; and a corner cupboard, knowingly -left open, displayed immense treasures of old silver and well-mended -china.</p> - -<p>From the moment Ichabod laid his eyes upon these regions of -delight the peace of his mind was at an end, and his only study -was how to gain the affections of the peerless daughter of Van -Tassel. In this enterprise, however, he had more real difficulties -than generally fell to the lot of a knight-errant of yore, who -seldom had anything but giants, enchanters, fiery dragons, and -such like easily-conquered adversaries, to contend with; and had -to make his way merely through gates of iron and brass, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_490" id="Page_490">[490]</a></span> -walls of adamant, to the castle keep, where the lady of his heart -was confined, all which he achieved as easily as a man would -carve his way to the center of a Christmas pie; and then the lady -gave him her hand as a matter of course. Ichabod, on the contrary, -had to win his way to the heart of a country coquette, beset -with a <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref883">labyrinth of whims</a> and caprices, which were forever presenting -new difficulties and impediments; and he had to encounter -a host of fearful adversaries of real flesh and blood, the numerous -rustic admirers, who beset every portal to her heart; keeping a -watchful and angry eye upon each other, but ready to fly out in -the common cause against any new competitor.</p> - -<h5>BROM BONES</h5> - -<p>Among these the most formidable was a burly, roaring, roystering -blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to the Dutch -abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the country round, -which rang with his feats of strength and hardihood. He was -broad-shouldered and double-jointed, with short curly black hair, -and a bluff but not unpleasant countenance, having a mingled air -of fun and arrogance. From his Herculean frame and great -powers of limb, he had received the nickname of <span class="smcap">Brom Bones</span>, -by which he was universally known. He was famed for great -knowledge and skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback -as a Tartar. He was foremost at all races and cock-fights; -and, with the ascendency which bodily strength acquires in rustic -life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, -and giving his decisions with an air and tone admitting of no -gainsay or appeal. He was always ready for either a fight or a -frolic; but had more mischief than ill-will in his composition; -and, with all his overbearing roughness, there was a strong dash -of waggish good humor at bottom. He had three or four boon -companions, who regarded him as their model, and at the head of -whom he scoured the country, attending every scene of feud or -merriment for miles round. In cold weather he was distinguished -by a fur cap, surmounted with a flaunting fox’s tail; and when the -folks at a country gathering descried this well-known crest at a -distance, whisking about among a squad of hard riders, they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_491" id="Page_491">[491]</a></span> -always stood by for a squall. Sometimes his crew would be -heard dashing along past the farmhouses at midnight, with whoop -and halloo, like a troop of Don Cossacks; and the old dames, -startled out of their sleep, would listen for a moment till the -hurry-scurry had clattered by, and then exclaim, “Ay, there goes -Brom Bones and his gang!” The neighbors looked upon him with -a mixture of awe, admiration, and good will; and when any madcap -prank or rustic brawl occurred in the vicinity, always shook -their heads, and warranted Brom Bones was at the bottom of it.</p> - -<p>This <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref884">rantipole hero</a> had for some time singled out the blooming -Katrina for the object of his uncouth gallantries, and though his -amorous toyings were something like the gentle caresses and -endearments of a bear, yet it was whispered that she did not altogether -discourage his hopes. Certain it is, his advances were -signals for rival candidates to retire, who felt no inclination to -cross a lion in his amours; insomuch, that when his horse was seen -tied to Van Tassel’s paling, on a Sunday night, a sure sign that -his master was courting, or, as it is termed, “sparking,” within, all -other suitors passed by in despair, and carried the war into other -quarters.</p> - -<p>Such was the formidable rival with whom Ichabod Crane had -to contend, and, considering all things, a stouter man than he -would have shrunk from the competition, and a wiser man would -have despaired. He had, however, a happy mixture of pliability -and perseverance in his nature; he was in form and spirit like a -supple-jack—yielding, but tough; though he bent, he never broke; -and though he bowed beneath the slightest pressure, yet, the moment -it was away—jerk! he was as erect, and carried his head as -high as ever.</p> - -<p>To have taken the field openly against his rival would have -been madness; for he was not a man to be thwarted in his amours, -any more than that stormy lover, Achilles. Ichabod, therefore, -made his advances in a quiet and gently-insinuating manner. -Under cover of his character of singing-master, he made frequent -visits at the farmhouse; not that he had anything to apprehend -from the meddlesome interference of parents, which is so often a -stumbling-block in the path of lovers. Balt Van Tassel was an<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_492" id="Page_492">[492]</a></span> -easy, indulgent soul; he loved his daughter better even than his -pipe, and, like a reasonable man and an excellent father, let her -have her way in everything. His notable little wife, too, had -enough to do to attend to her housekeeping and manage her -poultry; for, as she sagely observed, ducks and geese are foolish -things, and must be looked after, but girls can take care of themselves. -Thus while the busy dame bustled about the house, or -plied her spinning-wheel at one end of the piazza, honest Balt -would sit smoking his evening pipe at the other, watching the -achievements of a little wooden warrior, who, armed with a sword -in each hand, was most valiantly fighting the wind on the pinnacle -of the barn. In the meantime, Ichabod would carry on his -suit with the daughter by the side of the spring under the great -elm, or sauntering along in the twilight, that hour so favorable to -the lover’s eloquence.</p> - -<p>I profess not to know how women’s hearts are wooed and won. -To me they have always been matters of riddle and admiration. -Some seem to have but one vulnerable point, or door of access; -while others have a thousand avenues, and may be captured in a -thousand different ways. It is a great triumph of skill to gain -the former, but a still greater proof of generalship to maintain -possession of the latter, for the man must battle for his fortress at -every door and window. He who wins a thousand common hearts -is therefore entitled to some renown; but he who keeps undisputed -sway over the heart of a coquette is indeed a hero. Certain it is, -this was not the case with the redoubtable Brom Bones; and from -the moment Ichabod Crane made his advances, the interests of -the former evidently declined; his horse was no longer seen tied -at the palings on Sunday nights, and a deadly feud gradually -arose between him and the preceptor of Sleepy Hollow.</p> - -<p>Brom, who had a degree of rough chivalry in his nature, would -fain have carried matters to open warfare, and have settled their -pretensions to the lady, according to the mode of those most concise -and simple reasoners, the knights-errant of yore—by single -combat; but Ichabod was too conscious of the superior might of -his adversary to enter the lists against him; he had overheard a -boast of Bones, that he would “double the schoolmaster up, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_493" id="Page_493">[493]</a></span> -lay him on a shelf of his own schoolhouse”; and he was too wary -to give him an opportunity. There was something extremely provoking -in this <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref885">obstinately pacific system</a>; it left Brom no alternative -but to draw upon the funds of rustic waggery in his disposition, -and to play off boorish practical jokes upon his rival. -Ichabod became the object of whimsical persecution to Bones and -his gang of rough riders. They harried his hitherto peaceful -domains; smoked out his singing school, by stopping up the -chimney; broke into the schoolhouse at night, in spite of its -formidable fastenings of withe and window stakes, and turned -everything topsy-turvy; so that the poor schoolmaster began to -think all the witches of the country held their meetings there. -But what was still more annoying, Brom took all opportunities -of turning him into ridicule in presence of his mistress, and had -a scoundrel dog whom he taught to whine in the most ludicrous -manner, and introduced as a rival of Ichabod’s to instruct her in -psalmody.</p> - -<h5>THE QUILTING FROLIC</h5> - -<p>In this way matters went on for some time, without producing -any material effect on the relative situation of the contending -powers. On a fine autumnal afternoon, Ichabod, in pensive mood, -sat enthroned on the lofty stool whence he usually watched all -the concerns of his little literary realm. In his hand he swayed a -ferrule, that scepter of despotic power; the birch of justice reposed -on three nails, behind the throne, a constant terror to evil doers; -while on the desk before him might be seen sundry contraband -articles and prohibited weapons, detected upon the persons of -idle urchins; such as half-munched apples, popguns, whirligigs, -fly-cages, and whole legions of rampant little paper game-cocks. -Apparently there had been some appalling act of justice recently -inflicted, for his scholars were all busily intent upon their books, -or slyly whispering behind them with one eye kept upon the -master; and a kind of buzzing stillness reigned throughout the -schoolroom. It was suddenly interrupted by the appearance of -a negro, in tow-cloth jacket and trousers, a round-crowned fragment -of a hat, like the cap of Mercury, and mounted on the back<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_494" id="Page_494">[494]</a></span> -of a ragged, wild, half-broken colt, which he managed with a -rope by way of halter. He came clattering up to the school door -with an invitation to Ichabod to attend a merry-making or -“quilting frolic,” to be held that evening at Mynheer Van Tassel’s; -and having delivered his message with that air of importance, and -effort at fine language, which a negro is apt to display on petty -embassies of the kind, he dashed over the brook, and was seen -scampering away up the hollow, full of the importance and hurry -of his mission.</p> - -<p>All was now bustle and hubbub in the late quiet schoolroom. -The scholars were hurried through their lessons, without stopping -at trifles; those who were nimble skipped over half with impunity, -and those who were tardy had a smart application now and then -in the rear to quicken their speed or help them over a tall word. -Books were flung aside without being put away on the shelves, -inkstands were over-turned, benches thrown down, and the whole -school was turned loose an hour before the usual time, bursting -forth like a legion of young imps, yelping and racketing about the -green, in joy of their <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref886">early emancipation</a>.</p> - -<p>The gallant Ichabod now spent at least an extra half hour at -his toilet, brushing and furbishing up his best, and indeed only, -suit of rusty black, and arranging his locks by a bit of broken -looking-glass, that hung up in the schoolhouse. That he might -make his appearance before his mistress in the true style of a -cavalier he borrowed a horse from the farmer with whom he was -domiciled, a choleric old Dutchman, of the name of Hans Van -Ripper, and, thus gallantly mounted, issued forth, like a knight-errant, -in quest of adventures. But it is meet I should, in the true -spirit of romantic story, give some account of the looks and -equipments of my hero and his steed. The animal he bestrode was -a broken-down plow-horse, that had outlived almost everything -but his viciousness. He was gaunt and shagged, with a ewe neck -and a head like a hammer; his rusty mane and tail were tangled -and knotted with burs; one eye had lost its pupil and was glaring -and spectral; but the other had the gleam of a genuine devil in it. -Still he must have had fire and mettle in his day, if we may judge -from the name he bore of Gunpowder. He had, in fact, been a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_495" id="Page_495">[495]</a></span> -favorite steed of his master’s, the choleric Van Ripper, who was -a furious rider, and had infused, very probably, some of his own -spirit into the animal; for, old and broken-down as he looked, -there was more of the lurking devil in him than in any young filly -in the country.</p> - -<p>Ichabod was a suitable figure for such a steed. He rode with -short stirrups, which brought his knees nearly up to the pommel -of the saddle; his sharp elbows stuck out like grasshoppers; he -carried his whip perpendicularly in his hand, like a scepter, and, -as his horse jogged on, the motion of his arms was not unlike the -flapping of a pair of wings. A small wool hat rested on the top -of his nose, for so his scanty strip of forehead might be called; -and the skirts of his black coat fluttered out almost to the horse’s -tail. Such was the appearance of Ichabod and his steed, as they -shambled out of the gate of Hans Van Ripper, and it was altogether -such an apparition as is seldom to be met with in broad -daylight.</p> - -<p>It was, as I have said, a fine autumnal day, the sky was clear -and serene, and nature wore that rich and golden livery which we -always associate with the idea of abundance. The forests had put -on their sober brown and yellow, while some trees of the tenderer -kind had been nipped by the frosts into brilliant dyes of orange, -purple, and scarlet. Streaming files of wild ducks began to make -their appearance high in the air; the bark of the squirrel might be -heard from the groves of beech and hickory nuts, and the pensive -whistle of the quail at intervals from the neighboring stubble-field.</p> - -<p>The small birds were taking their farewell banquets. In the -fullness of their revelry they fluttered, chirping and frolicking, -from bush to bush, and tree to tree, capricious from the very profusion -and variety around them. There was the honest cock-robin, -the favorite game of stripling sportsmen, with its loud -querulous note, and the twittering blackbirds flying in sable -clouds; and the golden-winged woodpecker, with his crimson crest, -his broad black gorget, and splendid plumage; and the cedar bird, -with its red-tipt wings and yellow-tipt tail, and its little montero -cap of feathers; and the blue-jay, that noisy coxcomb, in his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_496" id="Page_496">[496]</a></span> -gay light-blue coat and white underclothes, screaming and chattering, -nodding and bobbing and bowing, and pretending to be on -good terms with every songster of the grove.</p> - -<p>As Ichabod jogged slowly on his way, his eye, ever open to -every symptom of <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref887">culinary abundance</a>, ranged with delight over -the treasures of jolly autumn. On all sides he beheld vast store -of apples; some hanging in oppressive opulence on the trees; some -gathered into baskets and barrels for the market; others heaped -up in rich piles for the cider-press. Farther on he beheld great -fields of Indian corn, with its golden ears peeping from their -leafy coverts, and holding out the promise of cakes and hasty -pudding; and the yellow pumpkins lying beneath them, turning -up their fair round bellies to the sun, and giving ample prospects -of the most luxurious of pies; and anon he passed the fragrant -buckwheat fields, breathing the odor of the bee-hive, and as he -beheld them, soft anticipations stole over his mind of dainty slap-jacks, -well buttered, and garnished with honey or treacle, by the -delicate little dimpled hand of Katrina Van Tassel.</p> - -<p>Thus feeding his mind with many sweet thoughts and “sugared -suppositions,” he journeyed along the sides of a range of hills -which look out upon some of the goodliest scenes of the mighty -Hudson. The sun gradually wheeled his broad disk down into -the west. The wide bosom of the Tappan Zee lay motionless and -glassy, excepting that here and there a gentle undulation waved -and prolonged the blue shadow of the distant mountain. A few -amber clouds floated in the sky, without a breath of air to move -them. The horizon was of a fine golden tint, changing gradually -into a pure apple green, and from that into the deep blue of the -mid-heaven. A slanting ray lingered on the woody crests of the -precipices that overhung some parts of the river, giving greater -depth to the dark-gray and purple of their rocky sides. A sloop -was loitering in the distance, dropping slowly down with the tide, -her sail hanging uselessly against the mast, and as the reflection -of the sky gleamed along the still water, it seemed as if the vessel -was suspended in the air.</p> - -<p>It was toward evening that Ichabod arrived at the castle of -the Heer Van Tassel, which he found thronged with the pride<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_497" id="Page_497">[497]</a></span> -and flower of the adjacent country. Old farmers, a spare, leathern-faced -race, in homespun coats and breeches, blue stockings, -huge shoes, and magnificent pewter buckles. Their brisk withered -little dames, in close crimped caps, long waisted short-gowns, -homespun petticoats, with scissors and pincushions, and gay calico -pockets hanging on the outside. Buxom lasses, almost as antiquated -as their mothers, excepting where a straw hat, a fine -ribbon, or perhaps a white frock, gave symptoms of city innovation. -The sons, in short square-skirted coats with rows of stupendous -brass buttons, and their hair generally queued in the -fashion of the times, especially if they could procure an eel-skin -for the purpose, it being esteemed throughout the country, as a -potent nourisher and strengthener of the hair.</p> - -<p>Brom Bones, however, was the hero of the scene, having come -to the gathering on his favorite steed, Daredevil, a creature, like -himself, full of mettle and mischief, and which no one but himself -could manage. He was, in fact, noted for preferring vicious -animals, given to all kinds of tricks, which kept the rider in constant -risk of his neck, for he held a tractable well-broken horse as -unworthy of a lad of spirit.</p> - -<p>Fain would I pause to dwell upon the world of charms that -burst upon the enraptured gaze of my hero, as he entered the state -parlor of Van Tassel’s mansion. Not those of the bevy of buxom -lasses, with their luxurious display of red and white; but the -ample charms of a genuine Dutch country tea-table, in the sumptuous -time of autumn. Such heaped-up platters of cakes of various -and almost indescribable kinds, known only to experienced -Dutch housewives! There was the doughty doughnut, the tenderer -oly koek, and the crisp and crumbling cruller; sweet cakes -and short cakes, ginger cakes and honey cakes, and the whole -family of cakes. And then there were apple pies and peach pies -and pumpkin pies; besides slices of ham and smoked beef; and -moreover delectable dishes of preserved plums, and peaches, and -pears, and quinces, not to mention broiled shad and roasted -chickens; together with bowls of milk and cream, all mingled -higgledy-piggledy, pretty much as I have enumerated them, with -the motherly teapot sending up its clouds of vapor from the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_498" id="Page_498">[498]</a></span> -midst—Heaven bless the mark! I want breath and time to discuss -this banquet as it deserves, and am too eager to get on with -my story. Happily, Ichabod Crane was not in so great a hurry -as his historian, but did ample justice to every dainty.</p> - -<p>He was a kind and thankful creature, whose heart dilated in -proportion as his skin was filled with good cheer; and whose -spirits rose with eating as some men’s do with drink. He could -not help, too, rolling his large eyes round him as he ate, and -chuckling with the possibility that he might one day be lord of -all this scene of almost unimaginable luxury and splendor. Then, -he thought, how soon he’d turn his back upon the old schoolhouse, -snap his fingers in the face of Hans Van Ripper, and every -other niggardly patron, and kick any itinerant pedagogue out of -doors that should dare to call him comrade.</p> - -<p>Old Baltus Van Tassel moved about among his guests with a -face dilated with content and good humor, round and jolly as the -harvest moon. His hospitable attentions were brief, but expressive, -being confined to a shake of the hand, a slap on the shoulder, -a loud laugh, and a pressing invitation to fall to, and help themselves.</p> - -<p>And now the sound of the music from the common room, or -hall, summoned to the dance. The musician was an old gray-headed -negro, who had been the itinerant orchestra of the neighborhood -for more than half a century. His instrument was as old -and battered as himself. The greater part of the time he scraped -on two or three strings, accompanying every movement of the -bow with a motion of the head, bowing almost to the ground, -and stamping with his foot whenever a fresh couple were to -start.</p> - -<p>Ichabod prided himself upon his dancing as much as upon his -vocal powers. Not a limb, not a fiber about him was idle; and to -have seen his loosely hung frame in full motion, and clattering -about the room, you would have thought Saint Vitus himself, -that blessed patron of the dance, was figuring before you in person. -He was the admiration of all the negroes, who, having gathered, -of all ages and sizes, from the farm and the neighborhood, stood -forming a pyramid of shining black faces at every door and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_499" id="Page_499">[499]</a></span> -window, gazing with delight at the scene, rolling their white eye-balls, -and showing grinning rows of ivory from ear to ear. How -could the flogger of urchins be otherwise than animated and -joyous? The lady of his heart was his partner in the dance, and -smiling graciously in reply to all his amorous oglings; while Brom -Bones, sorely smitten with love and jealousy, sat brooding by -himself in one corner.</p> - -<p>When the dance was at an end, Ichabod was attracted to a -knot of the sager folks, who, with old Van Tassel, sat smoking at -one end of the piazza, gossiping over former times, and drawing -out long stories about the war.</p> - -<p>This neighborhood, at the time of which I am speaking, was -one of those highly-favored places which abound with chronicle -and great men. The British and American line had run near it -during the war; it had, therefore, been the scene of marauding, -and infested with refugees, cowboys, and all kinds of border -chivalry. Just sufficient time had elapsed to enable each story-teller -to dress up his tale with a little becoming fiction, and, in -the indistinctness of his recollection, to make himself the hero of -every exploit.</p> - -<p>There was the story of Doffue Martling, a large blue-bearded -Dutchman, who had nearly taken a British frigate with an old -iron nine-pounder from a mud breastwork, only that his gun burst -at the sixth discharge. And there was an old gentleman who -shall be nameless, being too rich a mynheer to be lightly mentioned, -who, in the battle of Whiteplains, being an excellent master -of defense, parried a musket ball with a small sword, insomuch -that he absolutely felt it whiz around the blade, and glance off -at the hilt; in proof of which he was ready at any time to show -the sword with the hilt a little bent. There were several more -that had been equally great in the field, not one of whom but was -persuaded that he had a considerable hand in bringing the war to -a happy termination.</p> - -<p>But all these were nothing to the tales of ghosts and apparitions -that succeeded. The neighborhood is rich in legendary -treasures of the kind. Local tales and superstitions thrive best -in these sheltered long-settled retreats, but are trampled under<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_500" id="Page_500">[500]</a></span> -foot by the shifting throng that forms the population of most of -our country places. Besides, there is no encouragement for -ghosts in most of our villages, for they have scarcely had time to -finish their first nap, and turn themselves in their graves, before -their surviving friends have traveled away from the neighborhood; -so that when they turn out at night to walk their rounds -they have no acquaintance left to call upon. This is perhaps the -reason why we so seldom hear of ghosts except in our long-established -Dutch communities.</p> - -<p>The immediate cause, however, of the prevalence of supernatural -stories in these parts was doubtless owing to the vicinity -of Sleepy Hollow. There was a contagion in the very air that -blew from that haunted region; it breathed forth an atmosphere -of dreams and fancies infecting all the land. Several of the Sleepy -Hollow people were present at Van Tassel’s, and, as usual, were -doling out their wild and wonderful legends. Many dismal tales -were told about funeral trains, and mourning cries and wailings -heard and seen about the great tree where the unfortunate Major -André was taken, and which stood in the neighborhood. Some -mention was made also of the woman in white, that haunted the -dark glen at Raven Rock, and was often heard to shriek on winter -nights before a storm, having perished there in the snow. The -chief part of the stories, however, turned upon the favorite specter -of Sleepy Hollow, the headless horseman, who had been heard -several times of late, patrolling the country; and, it was said, -tethered his horse nightly among the graves in the churchyard.</p> - -<p>The <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref888">sequestered situation</a> of this church seems always to have -made it a favorite haunt of troubled spirits. It stands on a knoll, -surrounded by locust-trees and lofty elms, from among which its -decent whitewashed walls shine modestly forth, like Christian -purity beaming through the shades of retirement. A gentle slope -descends from it to a silver sheet of water, bordered by high trees, -between which peeps may be caught at the blue hills of the -Hudson. To look upon its grass-grown yard, where the sunbeams -seem to sleep so quietly, one would think that there at least the -dead might rest in peace. On one side of the church extends a -wide woody dell, along which raves a large brook among broken<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_501" id="Page_501">[501]</a></span> -rocks and trunks of fallen trees. Over a deep black part of the -stream, not far from the church, was formerly thrown a wooden -bridge; the road that led to it, and the bridge itself, were thickly -shaded by overhanging trees, which cast a gloom about it, even -in the daytime; but occasioned a fearful darkness at night. This -was one of the favorite haunts of the headless horseman and the -place where he was most frequently encountered. The tale was -told of old Brouwer, a most heretical disbeliever in ghosts, how he -met the horseman returning from his foray into Sleepy Hollow, -and was obliged to get up behind him; how they galloped over -bush and brake, over hill and swamp, until they reached the -bridge, when the horseman suddenly turned into a skeleton, threw -old Brouwer into the brook, and sprang away over the tree-tops -with a clap of thunder.</p> - -<p>This story was immediately matched by a thrice marvelous -adventure of Brom Bones, who made light of the galloping Hessian -as an arrant jockey. He affirmed that, on returning one -night from the neighboring village of Sing Sing, he had been overtaken -by this midnight trooper; that he had offered to race with -him for a bowl of punch, and should have won it, too, for Daredevil -beat the goblin horse all hollow, but, just as they came to -the church bridge, the Hessian bolted, and vanished in a flash -of fire.</p> - -<p>All these tales, told in that drowsy undertone with which men -talk in the dark, the countenances of the listeners only now and -then receiving a casual gleam from the glare of a pipe, sank deep -in the mind of Ichabod. He repaid them in kind with large -extracts from his invaluable author, Cotton Mather, and added -many marvelous events that had taken place in his native State -of Connecticut, and fearful sights which he had seen in his nightly -walks about Sleepy Hollow.</p> - -<p>The revel now gradually broke up. The old farmers gathered -together their families in their wagons, and were heard for some -time rattling along the hollow roads, and over the distant hills. -Some of the damsels mounted on pillions behind their favorite -swains, and their light-hearted laughter, mingling with the clatter -of hoofs, echoed along the silent woodlands, sounding fainter and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_502" id="Page_502">[502]</a></span> -fainter until they gradually died away—and the late scene of -noise and frolic was all silent and deserted. Ichabod only lingered -behind, according to the custom of country lovers, to have -a tête-a-tête with the heiress, fully convinced that he was now on -the high road to success. What passed at this interview I will -not pretend to say, for in fact I do not know. Something, however, -I fear me, must have gone wrong, for he certainly sallied -forth, after no very great interval, with an air quite desolate and -chop-fallen.—Oh, these women! these women! Could that girl -have been playing off any of her coquettish tricks?—Was her -encouragement of the poor pedagogue all a mere sham to secure -her conquest of his rival?—Heaven only knows, not I!—Let it -suffice to say, Ichabod stole forth with the air of one who had -been sacking a hen-roost rather than a fair lady’s heart. Without -looking to the right or left to notice the scene of rural wealth, -on which he had so often gloated, he went straight to the stable, -and with several hearty cuffs and kicks, roused his steed most -uncourteously from the comfortable quarters in which he was -soundly sleeping, dreaming of mountains of corn and oats, and -whole valleys of timothy and clover.</p> - -<h5>ICHABOD’S TERRIFYING EXPERIENCES</h5> - -<p>It was the very witching time of night that Ichabod, heavy-hearted -and crestfallen, pursued his travel homewards, along the -sides of the lofty hills which rise above Tarry Town, and which -he had traversed so cheerily in the afternoon. The hour was as -dismal as himself. Far below him, the Tappan Zee spread its -dusky and indistinct waste of waters, with here and there the tall -mast of a sloop, riding quietly at anchor under the land. In the -dead hush of midnight, he could even hear the barking of the -watch dog from the opposite shore of the Hudson; but it was so -vague and faint as only to give an idea of his distance from this -faithful companion of man. Now and then, too, the long-drawn -crowing of a cock, accidentally awakened, would sound far, far -off, from some farmhouse away among the hills—but it was like -a dreaming sound in his ear. No signs of life occurred near him, -but occasionally the melancholy chirp of a cricket, or perhaps the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_503" id="Page_503">[503]</a></span> -guttural twang of a bull-frog, from a neighboring marsh, as if -sleeping uncomfortably, and turning suddenly in his bed.</p> - -<p>All the stories of ghosts and goblins that he had heard in the -afternoon now came crowding upon his recollection. The night -grew darker and darker; the stars seemed to sink deeper in the -sky, and driving clouds occasionally hid them from his sight. He -had never felt so lonely and dismal. He was, moreover, approaching -the very place where many of the scenes of the ghost stories -had been laid. In the center of the road stood an enormous tuliptree, -which towered like a giant above all the other trees of the -neighborhood, and formed a kind of landmark. Its limbs were -gnarled, and fantastic, large enough to form trunks for ordinary -trees, twisting down almost to the earth, and rising again into -the air. It was connected with the tragical story of the unfortunate -André, who had been taken prisoner hard by, and was -universally known by the name of Major André’s tree. The -common people regarded it with a mixture of respect and superstition, -partly out of sympathy for the fate of its <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref889">ill-starred</a> namesake, -and partly from the tales of strange sights and doleful -lamentations told concerning it.</p> - -<p>As Ichabod approached this fearful tree, he began to whistle; -he thought his whistle was answered—it was but a blast sweeping -sharply through the dry branches. As he approached a little -nearer he thought he saw something white hanging in the midst of -the tree—he paused and ceased whistling; but on looking more -narrowly perceived that it was a place where the tree had been -scathed by lightning, and the white wood laid bare. Suddenly he -heard a groan—his teeth chattered and his knees smote against -the saddle; it was but the rubbing of one huge bough upon another, -as they were swayed about by the breeze. He passed the -tree in safety, but new perils lay before him.</p> - -<p>About two hundred yards from the tree a small brook crossed -the road and ran into a marshy and thickly-wooded glen, known -by the name of Wiley’s swamp. A few rough logs, laid side by -side, served for a bridge over this stream. On that side of the -road where the brook entered the wood a group of oaks and -chestnuts, matted thick with wild grapevines, threw a cavernous<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_504" id="Page_504">[504]</a></span> -gloom over it. To pass this bridge was the severest trial. It was -at this identical spot that the unfortunate André was captured, -and under the covert of those chestnuts and vines were the sturdy -yeomen concealed who surprised him. This has ever since been -considered a haunted stream, and fearful are the feelings of the -schoolboy who has to pass it alone after dark.</p> - -<p>As he approached the stream his heart began to thump; he -summoned up, however, all his resolution, gave his horse half a -score of kicks in the ribs, and attempted to dash briskly across -the bridge; but instead of starting forward, the perverse old -animal made a lateral movement, and ran broadside against the -fence. Ichabod, whose fears increased with the delay, jerked the -reins on the other side and kicked lustily with the contrary foot; -it was all in vain; his steed started, it is true, but it was only to -plunge to the opposite side of the road into a thicket of brambles -and alder bushes. The schoolmaster now bestowed both whip and -heel upon the starveling ribs of old Gunpowder, who dashed forward, -snuffing and snorting, but came to a stand just by the -bridge, with a suddenness that had nearly sent his rider sprawling -over his head. Just at this moment a plashy tramp by the side -of the bridge caught the sensitive ear of Ichabod. In the dark -shadow of the grove, on the margin of the brook, he beheld something -huge, misshapen, black, and towering. It stirred not, but -seemed gathered up in the gloom, like some gigantic monster ready -to spring upon the traveler.</p> - -<p>The hair of the affrighted pedagogue rose upon his head with -terror. What was to be done? To turn and fly was now too late; -and besides, what chance was there of escaping ghost or goblin, -if such it was, which could ride upon the wings of the wind? -Summoning up, therefore, a show of courage, he demanded in -stammering accents—“Who are you?” He received no reply. He -repeated his demand in a still more agitated voice. Still there -was no answer. Once more he cudgelled the sides of the inflexible -Gunpowder, and, shutting his eyes, broke forth with involuntary -fervor into a psalm tune. Just then the shadowy object of alarm -put itself in motion, and, with a scramble and a bound, stood at -once in the middle of the road. Though the night was dark and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_505" id="Page_505">[505]</a></span> -dismal, yet the form of the unknown might now in some degree -be ascertained. He appeared to be a horseman of large dimensions, -and mounted on a black horse of powerful frame. He -made no offer of molestation or sociability, but kept aloof on one -side of the road, jogging along on the blind side of old Gunpowder, -who had now got over his fright and waywardness.</p> - -<p>Ichabod, who had no relish for this strange midnight companion, -and bethought himself of the adventure of Brom Bones -with the Galloping Hessian, now quickened his steed, in hopes of -leaving him behind. The stranger, however, quickened his horse -to an equal pace. Ichabod pulled up and fell into a walk, thinking -to lag behind—the other did the same. His heart began to -sink within him; he endeavored to resume his psalm tune, but -his parched tongue clove to the roof of his mouth, and he could -not utter a stave. There was something in the moody and dogged -silence of this pertinacious companion that was mysterious and -appalling. It was soon fearfully accounted for. On mounting a -rising ground, which brought the figure of his fellow-traveler in -relief against the sky, gigantic in height, and muffled in a cloak, -Ichabod was horror struck, on perceiving that he was headless!—but -his horror was still more increased, on observing that the -head, which should have rested on his shoulders, was carried -before him on the pommel of the saddle; his terror rose to desperation; -he rained a shower of kicks and blows upon Gunpowder, -hoping, by a sudden movement, to give his companion the slip—but -the specter started full jump with him. Away then they -dashed through thick and thin; stones flying, and sparks flashing -at every bound. Ichabod’s flimsy garments fluttered in the air, -as he stretched his long lank body away over his horse’s head, in -the eagerness of his flight.</p> - -<p>They had now reached the road which turns off to Sleepy -Hollow; but Gunpowder, who seemed possessed with a demon, -instead of keeping up it, made an opposite turn, and plunged -headlong down hill to the left. This road leads through a sandy -hollow, shaded by trees for about a quarter of a mile, where it -crosses the bridge famous in goblin story, and just beyond swells -the green knoll on which stands the whitewashed church.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_506" id="Page_506">[506]</a></span></p> - -<p>As yet the panic of the steed had given his unskillful rider an -apparent advantage in the chase; but just as he had got half way -through the hollow the girths of the saddle gave way, and he felt -it slipping from under him. He seized it by the pommel, and -endeavored to hold it firm, but in vain; and had just time to save -himself by clasping old Gunpowder round the neck, when the -saddle fell to the earth, and he heard it trampled under foot by -his pursuer. For a moment the terror of Hans Van Ripper’s -wrath passed across his mind—for it was his Sunday saddle; but -this was no time for petty fears; the goblin was hard on his -haunches; and (unskillful rider that he was!) he had much ado -to maintain his seat; sometimes slipping on one side, sometimes -on another, and sometimes jolted on the high ridge of his horse’s -back-bone, with a violence that he verily feared would cleave him -asunder.</p> - -<p>An opening in the trees now cheered him with the hopes that -the church bridge was at hand. The wavering reflection of a -silver star in the bosom of the brook told him that he was not -mistaken. He saw the walls of the church dimly glaring under -the trees beyond. He recollected the place where Brom Bones’s -ghostly competitor had disappeared. “If I can but reach that -bridge,” thought Ichabod, “I am safe.” Just then he heard the -black steed panting and blowing close behind him; he even fancied -that he felt his hot breath. Another convulsive kick in the ribs, -and old Gunpowder sprang upon the bridge; he thundered over -the resounding planks; he gained the opposite side; and now -Ichabod cast a look behind to see if his pursuer should vanish, -according to rule, in a flash of fire and brimstone. Just then he -saw the goblin rising in his stirrups, and in the very act of hurling -his head at him. Ichabod endeavored to dodge the horrible -missile, but too late. It encountered his cranium with a tremendous -crash—he was tumbled headlong into the dust, and Gunpowder, -the black steed, and the goblin rider passed by like a -whirlwind.</p> - -<p>The next morning the old horse was found without his saddle, -and with the bridle under his feet, soberly cropping the grass at -his master’s gate. Ichabod did not make his appearance at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_507" id="Page_507">[507]</a></span> -breakfast—dinner-hour came, but no Ichabod. The boys assembled -at the schoolhouse, and strolled idly about the banks of -the brook, but no schoolmaster. Hans Van Ripper now began to -feel some uneasiness about the fate of poor Ichabod and his saddle. -An inquiry was set on foot, and after <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref890">diligent investigation</a> they -came upon his traces. In one part of the road leading to the -church was found the saddle trampled in the dirt; the tracks of -horses’ hoofs deeply dented in the road, and evidently at furious -speed, were traced to the bridge, beyond which, on the bank of a -broad part of the brook, where the water ran deep and black, -was found the hat of the unfortunate Ichabod, and close beside it -a shattered pumpkin.</p> - -<p>The brook was searched, but the body of the schoolmaster -was not to be discovered. Hans Van Ripper, as executor of his -estate, examined the bundle which contained all his worldly -effects. They consisted of two shirts and a half; two stocks for -the neck; a pair or two of worsted stockings; an old pair of corduroy -small-clothes; a rusty razor; a book of psalm tunes, full of -dogs’ ears; and a broken pitchpipe. As to the books and furniture -of the schoolhouse, they belonged to the community, excepting -Cotton Mather’s History of Witchcraft, a New England Almanac, -and a book of dreams and fortune-telling; in which last was a -sheet of foolscap much scribbled and blotted in several fruitless -attempts to make a copy of verses in honor of the heiress of Van -Tassel. These magic books and the poetic scrawl were <a href="#phrases74" title="List of phrases" id="ref891">forthwith -consigned</a> to the flames by Hans Van Ripper, who from that -time forward determined to send his children no more to school, -observing that he never knew any good come of this same reading -and writing. Whatever money the schoolmaster possessed, and -he had received his quarter’s pay but a day or two before, he must -have had about his person at the time of his disappearance.</p> - -<p>The mysterious event caused much speculation at the church -on the following Sunday. Knots of gazers and gossips were collected -in the churchyard, at the bridge, and at the spot where -the hat and pumpkin had been found. The stories of Brouwer, of -Bones, and a whole budget of others, were called to mind; and -when they had diligently considered them all, and compared<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_508" id="Page_508">[508]</a></span> -them with the symptoms of the present case, they shook their -heads, and came to the conclusion that Ichabod had been carried -off by the galloping Hessian. As he was a bachelor, and in -nobody’s debt, nobody troubled his head any more about him. -The school was removed to a different quarter of the hollow, and -another pedagogue reigned in his stead.</p> - -<p>It is true, an old farmer, who had been down to New York, -on a visit several years after, and from whom this account of the -ghostly adventure was received, brought home the intelligence -that Ichabod Crane was still alive; that he had left the neighborhood, -partly through fear of the goblin and Hans Van Ripper, and -partly in mortification at having been suddenly dismissed by the -heiress; that he had changed his quarters to a distant part of the -country; had kept school and studied law at the same time, had -been admitted to the bar, turned politician, electioneered, written -for the newspapers, and finally had been made a justice of the Ten -Pound Court. Brom Bones, too, who shortly after his rival’s -disappearance conducted the blooming Katrina in triumph to the -altar, was observed to look exceedingly knowing whenever the -story of Ichabod was related, and always burst into a hearty -laugh at the mention of the pumpkin, which led some to suspect -that he knew more about the matter than he chose to tell.</p> - -<p>The old country wives, however, who are the best judges of -these matters, maintain to this day that Ichabod was spirited -away by supernatural means; and it is a favorite story often told -about the neighborhood round the winter evening fire. The bridge -became more than ever an object of superstitious awe, and that -may be the reason why the road has been altered of late years, -so as to approach the church by the border of the mill-pond. The -schoolhouse being deserted soon fell to decay, and was reported -to be haunted by the ghost of the unfortunate pedagogue; and -the plowboy, loitering homeward of a still summer evening, has -often fancied his voice at a distance, chanting a melancholy psalm -tune among the tranquil solitudes of Sleepy Hollow.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_509" id="Page_509">[509]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_424">see page 424</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What was the situation of Sleepy Hollow? 2. Read -all the names Irving applies to this valley. 3. What impression do these -names help to give? 4. What effect upon the inhabitants had the situation -of the valley? 5. In describing this effect, what comparison does Irving -use? 6. Why does Irving exaggerate Ichabod’s peculiarities? 7. What -stories did Ichabod enjoy? 8. What effect did these have upon him? 9. -For what is the author preparing the reader when he tells this? 10. How -do you account for Ichabod’s disappearance? 11. Read all the hints throughout -the story which helped you to come to this conclusion. 12. Read lines -which show Irving’s humor. 13. What is the spirit of this humor? 14. Read -lines which show Irving’s power to describe nature. 15. What do you think -is the finest description in the tale? 16. Pronounce the following: inapplicable; -genius; formidable; patrons; grievous; elm; Herculean; alternative; -horizon; hospitable.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases74"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref867">spacious coves, 479, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref868">inveterate propensity, 479, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref869">precise and authentic, 479, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref870">prolonged and reverberated, 479, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref871">pow-wows, 480, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref872">legendary superstition, 481, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref873">great torrent of migration, 481, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref874">genius of famine, 482, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref875">cruel potentates, 482, 34</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref876">comforts of the cupboard, 483, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref877">dilating powers of an anaconda, 483, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref878">legitimately descended, 484, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref879">direful omens, 486, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref880">curdling awe, 486, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref881">sumptuous promise, 488, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref882">utensils of husbandry, 489, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref883">labyrinth of whims, 490, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref884">rantipole hero, 491, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref885">obstinately pacific system, 493, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref886">early emancipation, 494, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref887">culinary abundance, 496, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref888">sequestered situation, 500, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref889">ill-starred, 503, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref890">diligent investigation, 507, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref891">forthwith consigned, 507, 25</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_510" id="Page_510">[510]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE GREAT STONE FACE</h4> - -<p class="author">NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE</p> - -<p>One afternoon, when the sun was going down, a mother and her -little boy sat at the door of their cottage, talking about the Great -Stone Face. They had but to lift their eyes, and there it was -plainly to be seen, though miles away, with the sunshine brightening -all its features.</p> - -<p>And what was the Great Stone Face?</p> - -<p><a href="#phrases75" title="List of phrases" id="ref892">Embosomed amongst</a> a family of lofty mountains, there was a -valley so spacious that it contained many thousand inhabitants. -Some of these good people dwelt in log-huts, with the black forest -all around them, on the steep and difficult hillsides. Others had -their homes in comfortable farmhouses, and cultivated the rich -soil on the gentle slopes or level surfaces of the valley. Others, -again, were congregated into populous villages, where some wild, -highland rivulet, tumbling down from its birthplace in the upper -mountain region, had been caught and tamed by human cunning, -and compelled to turn the machinery of cotton-factories. The inhabitants -of this valley, in short, were numerous, and of many -modes of life. But all of them, grown people and children, had a -kind of familiarity with the Great Stone Face, although some possessed -the gift of distinguishing this grand natural phenomenon -more perfectly than many of their neighbors.</p> - -<p>The Great Stone Face, then, was a work of Nature in her -mood of <a href="#phrases75" title="List of phrases" id="ref893">majestic playfulness</a>, formed on the perpendicular side -of a mountain by some immense rocks, which had been thrown -together in such a position as, when viewed at a proper distance, -precisely to resemble the features of the human countenance. It -seemed as if an enormous giant, or a Titan, had sculptured his -own likeness on the precipice. There was the broad arch of the -forehead, a hundred feet in height; the nose, with its long bridge; -and the vast lips, which, if they could have spoken, would have -rolled their thunder accents from one end of the valley to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_511" id="Page_511">[511]</a></span> -other. True it is, that if the spectator approached too near, he -lost the outline of the gigantic visage, and could discern only a -heap of ponderous and gigantic rocks, piled in <a href="#phrases75" title="List of phrases" id="ref894">chaotic ruin</a> one -upon another. Retracing his steps, however, the wondrous features -would again be seen; and the farther he withdrew from -them, the more like a human face, with all its <a href="#phrases75" title="List of phrases" id="ref895">original divinity -intact</a>, did they appear; until, as it grew dim in the distance, with -the clouds and glorified vapor of the mountains clustering about -it, the Great Stone Face seemed positively to be alive.</p> - -<p>It was a happy lot for children to grow up to manhood or -womanhood with the Great Stone Face before their eyes, for all -the features were noble, and the expression was at once grand -and sweet, as if it were the glow of a vast, warm heart, that embraced -all mankind in its affections, and had room for more. It -was an education only to look at it. According to the belief of -many people, the valley owed much of its fertility to this <a href="#phrases75" title="List of phrases" id="ref896">benign -aspect</a> that was continually beaming over it, illuminating the -clouds, and infusing its tenderness into the sunshine.</p> - -<p>As we began with saying, a mother and her little boy sat at -their cottage-door, gazing at the Great Stone Face, and talking -about it. The child’s name was Ernest.</p> - -<p>“Mother,” said he, while the Titanic visage smiled on him, -“I wish that it could speak, for it looks so very kindly that its -voice must needs be pleasant. If I were to see a man with such a -face, I should love him dearly.”</p> - -<p>“If an old prophecy should come to pass,” answered his -mother, “we may see a man, some time or other, with exactly such -a face as that.”</p> - -<p>“What prophecy do you mean, dear mother?” eagerly inquired -Ernest. “Pray tell me all about it!”</p> - -<p>So his mother told him a story that her own mother had told -to her, when she herself was younger than little Ernest; a story, -not of things that were past, but of what was yet to come; a -story, nevertheless, so very old, that even the Indians, who formerly -inhabited this valley, had heard it from their forefathers, -to whom, as they affirmed, it had been murmured by the mountain -streams, and whispered by the wind among the tree-tops.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_512" id="Page_512">[512]</a></span> -The purport was, that, at some future day, a child should be born -hereabouts, who was destined to become the greatest and noblest -personage of his time, and whose countenance, in manhood, should -bear an exact resemblance to the Great Stone Face. Not a few -old-fashioned people, and young ones likewise, in the ardor of -their hopes, still cherished an enduring faith in this old prophecy. -But others, who had seen more of the world, had watched and -waited till they were weary, and had beheld no man with such a -face, nor any man that proved to be much greater or nobler than -his neighbors, concluded it to be nothing but an idle tale. At all -events, the great man of the prophecy had not yet appeared.</p> - -<p>“O mother, dear mother!” cried Ernest, clapping his hands -above his head, “I do hope that I shall live to see him!”</p> - -<p>His mother was an affectionate and thoughtful woman, and -felt that it was wisest not to discourage the generous hopes of her -little boy. So she only said to him, “Perhaps you may.”</p> - -<p>And Ernest never forgot the story that his mother told him. -It was always in his mind, whenever he looked upon the Great -Stone Face. He spent his childhood in the log-cottage where he -was born, and was dutiful to his mother, and helpful to her in -many things, assisting her much with his little hands, and more, -with his loving heart. In this manner, from a happy yet often -pensive child, he grew up to be a mild, quiet, unobtrusive boy, -and sun-browned with labor in the fields, but with more intelligence -brightening his aspect than is seen in many lads who have -been taught at famous schools. Yet Ernest had had no teacher, -save only that the Great Stone Face became one to him. When -the toil of the day was over, he would gaze at it for hours, until -he began to imagine that those vast features recognized him, and -gave him a smile of kindness and encouragement, responsive to -his own look of veneration. We must not take upon us to affirm -that this was a mistake, although the Face may have looked no -more kindly at Ernest than at all the world besides. But the -secret was that the boy’s tender and confiding simplicity discerned -what other people could not see; and thus the love, which was -meant for all, became his <a href="#phrases75" title="List of phrases" id="ref897">peculiar portion</a>.</p> - -<p>About this time there went a rumor throughout the valley, that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_513" id="Page_513">[513]</a></span> -the great man, foretold from ages long ago, who was to bear a -resemblance to the Great Stone Face, had appeared at last. It -seems that, many years before, a young man had migrated from -the valley and settled at a distant seaport, where, after getting -together a little money, he had set up as a shopkeeper. His name—but -I could never learn whether it was his real one, or a nickname -that had grown out of his habits and success in life—was -Gathergold. Being shrewd and active, and endowed by Providence -with that inscrutable faculty which develops itself in what -the world calls luck, he became an exceedingly rich merchant, -and owner of a whole fleet of bulky-bottomed ships. All the -countries of the globe appeared to join hands for the mere purpose -of adding heap after heap to the <a href="#phrases75" title="List of phrases" id="ref898">mountainous accumulation</a> -of this one man’s wealth. The cold regions of the north, almost -within the gloom and shadow of the Arctic Circle, sent him their -tribute in the shape of furs; hot Africa sifted for him the golden -sands of her rivers, and gathered up the ivory tusks of her great -elephants out of the forests; the East came bringing him the rich -shawls, and spices, and teas, and the effulgence of diamonds, and -the gleaming purity of large pearls. The ocean, not to be behind-hand -with the earth, yielded up her mighty whales, that Mr. -Gathergold might sell their oil, and make a profit on it. Be the -original commodity what it might, it was gold within his grasp. It -might be said of him, as of Midas in the fable, that whatever he -touched with his finger immediately glistened, and grew yellow, -and was changed at once into sterling metal, or, which suited him -still better, into piles of coin. And, when Mr. Gathergold had -become so very rich that it would have taken him a hundred years -only to count his wealth, he bethought himself of his native valley, -and resolved to go back thither, and end his days where he was -born. With this purpose in view, he sent a skillful architect to -build him such a palace as should be fit for a man of his vast -wealth to live in.</p> - -<p>As I have said above, it had already been rumored in the -valley that Mr. Gathergold had turned out to be the prophetic -personage so long and vainly looked for, and that his visage was -the perfect and undeniable similitude of the Great Stone Face.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_514" id="Page_514">[514]</a></span> -People were the more ready to believe that this must needs be -the fact, when they beheld the splendid edifice that rose, as if by -enchantment, on the site of his father’s old weatherbeaten farmhouse. -The exterior was of marble, so dazzlingly white that it -seemed as though the whole structure might melt away in the sunshine, -like those humbler ones which Mr. Gathergold, in his young -play-days, before his fingers were gifted with the <a href="#phrases75" title="List of phrases" id="ref899">touch of transmutation</a>, -had been accustomed to build of snow. It had a richly -ornamented portico, supported by tall pillars, beneath which was -a lofty door, studded with silver knobs, and made of a kind of -variegated wood that had been brought from beyond the sea. -The windows, from the floor to the ceiling of each stately apartment, -were composed, respectively, of but one enormous pane of -glass, so transparently pure that it was said to be a finer medium -than even the vacant atmosphere. Hardly anybody had been -permitted to see the interior of this palace; but it was reported, -and with good semblance of truth, to be far more gorgeous than -the outside, insomuch that whatever was iron or brass in other -houses was silver or gold in this; and Mr. Gathergold’s bedchamber, -especially, made such a glittering appearance that no ordinary -man would have been able to close his eyes there. But, on the -other hand, Mr. Gathergold was now so inured to wealth, that -perhaps he could not have closed his eyes unless where the gleam -of it was certain to find its way beneath his eyelids.</p> - -<p>In due time, the mansion was finished; next came the upholsterers, -with magnificent furniture; then, a whole troop of black -and white servants, the harbingers of Mr. Gathergold, who, in his -own majestic person, was expected to arrive at sunset. Our friend -Ernest, meanwhile, had been deeply stirred by the idea that the -great man, the noble man, the man of prophecy, after so many -ages of delay, was at length to be made manifest to his native -valley. He knew, boy as he was, that there were a thousand -ways in which Mr. Gathergold, with his vast wealth, might transform -himself into an angel of beneficence, and assume a control -over human affairs as wide and benignant as the smile of the -Great Stone Face. Full of faith and hope, Ernest doubted not -that what the people said was true, and that now he was to behold<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_515" id="Page_515">[515]</a></span> -the living likeness of those wondrous features on the mountain-side. -While the boy was still gazing up the valley, and fancying, -as he always did, that the Great Stone Face returned his gaze and -looked kindly at him, the rumbling of wheels was heard, approaching -swiftly along the winding road.</p> - -<p>“Here he comes!” cried a group of people who were assembled -to witness the arrival. “Here comes the great Mr. Gathergold!”</p> - -<p>A carriage, drawn by four horses, dashed round the turn of the -road. Within it, thrust partly out of the window, appeared the -physiognomy of the old man, with a skin as yellow as if his own -Midas-hand had transmuted it. He had a low forehead, small, -sharp eyes, puckered about with innumerable wrinkles, and very -thin lips, which he made still thinner by pressing them forcibly -together.</p> - -<p>“The very image of the Great Stone Face!” shouted the people, -“Sure enough, the old prophecy is true; and here we have the -great man come, at last!”</p> - -<p>And, what greatly perplexed Ernest, they seemed actually to -believe that here was the likeness which they spoke of. By the -roadside there chanced to be an old beggar-woman and two little -beggar-children, stragglers from some far-off region, who, as the -carriage rolled onward, held out their hands and lifted up their -doleful voices, most piteously beseeching charity. A yellow claw—the -very same that had clawed together so much wealth—poked -itself out of the coach-window, and dropped some copper coins -upon the ground; so that, though the great man’s name seems to -have been Gathergold, he might just as suitably have been nicknamed -Scattercopper. Still, nevertheless, with an earnest shout, -and with as much good faith as ever, the people bellowed—</p> - -<p>“He is the very image of the Great Stone Face!”</p> - -<p>But Ernest turned sadly from the wrinkled shrewdness of that -sordid visage, and gazed up the valley, where, amid a gathering -mist, gilded by the last sunbeams, he could still distinguish -those glorious features which had impressed themselves into his -soul. Their aspect cheered him. What did the benign lips seem -to say?</p> - -<p>“He will come! Fear not, Ernest; the man will come!”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_516" id="Page_516">[516]</a></span></p> - -<p>The years went on, and Ernest ceased to be a boy. He had -grown to be a young man now. He attracted little notice from -the other inhabitants of the valley; for they saw nothing remarkable -in his way of life, save that, when the labor of the day was -over, he still loved to go apart and gaze and meditate upon the -Great Stone Face. According to their idea of the matter, it was a -folly, indeed, but pardonable, inasmuch as Ernest was industrious, -kind, and neighborly, and neglected no duty for the sake of indulging -this idle habit. They knew not that the Great Stone -Face had become a teacher to him, and that the sentiment which -was expressed in it would enlarge the young man’s heart, and fill -it with wider and deeper sympathies than other hearts. They -knew not that thence would come a better wisdom than could be -learned from books, and a better life than could be molded on the -defaced example of other human lives. Neither did Ernest know -that the thoughts and affections which came to him so naturally, -in the fields and at the fireside, and wherever he communed with -himself, were of a higher tone than those which all men shared -with him. A simple soul—simple as when his mother first taught -him the old prophecy—he beheld the marvelous features beaming -adown the valley, and still wondered that their human counterpart -was so long in making his appearance.</p> - -<p>By this time poor Mr. Gathergold was dead and buried; and -the oddest part of the matter was that his wealth, which was -the body and spirit of his existence, had disappeared before his -death, leaving nothing of him but a living skeleton, covered over -with a wrinkled, yellow skin. Since the melting away of his gold, -it had been very generally conceded that there was no such striking -resemblance, after all, betwixt the ignoble features of the -ruined merchant and that majestic face upon the mountain-side. -So the people ceased to honor him during his lifetime, and quietly -consigned him to forgetfulness after his decease. Once in a while, -it is true, his memory was brought up in connection with the magnificent -palace which he had built, and which had long ago been -turned into a hotel for the accommodation of strangers, multitudes -of whom came, every summer, to visit that famous natural curiosity, -the Great Stone Face. Thus, Mr. Gathergold being discredited<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_517" id="Page_517">[517]</a></span> -and thrown into the shade, the man of prophecy was -yet to come.</p> - -<p>It so happened that a native-born son of the valley, many -years before, had enlisted as a soldier, and, after a great deal -of hard fighting, had now become an illustrious commander. -Whatever he may be called in history, he was known in camps -and on the battlefield under the nickname of Old Blood-and-Thunder. -This war-worn veteran, being now infirm with age and -wounds, and weary of the turmoil of a military life, and of the -roll of the drum and the clangor of the trumpet, that had so long; -been ringing in his ears, had lately signified a purpose of returning -to his native valley, hoping to find repose where he remembered -to have left it. The inhabitants, his old neighbors and their -grown-up children, were resolved to welcome the renowned warrior -with a salute of cannon and a public dinner; and all the more -enthusiastically, it being affirmed that now, at last, the likeness -of the Great Stone Face had actually appeared. An aid-de-camp -of Old Blood-and-Thunder, traveling through the valley, was said -to have been struck with the resemblance. Moreover the school-mates -and early acquaintances of the general were ready to testify, -on oath, that, to the best of their recollection, the aforesaid -general had been exceedingly like the majestic image, even when -a boy, only that the idea had never occurred to them at that -period. Great, therefore, was the excitement throughout the valley; -and many people, who had never once thought of glancing at -the Great Stone Face for years before, now spent their time in -gazing at it, for the sake of knowing exactly how General Blood-and-Thunder -looked.</p> - -<p>On the day of the great festival, Ernest and all the other people -of the valley left their work, and proceeded to the spot where -the <a href="#phrases75" title="List of phrases" id="ref900">sylvan banquet</a> was prepared. As he approached, the loud -voice of the Rev. Dr. Battleblast was heard, beseeching a blessing -on the good things set before them, and on the distinguished -friend of peace in whose honor they were assembled. The tables -were arranged in a cleared space of the woods, shut in by the surrounding -trees, except where a vista opened eastward, and afforded -a distant view of the Great Stone Face. Over the general’s<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_518" id="Page_518">[518]</a></span> -chair, which was a relic from the home of Washington, there was -an arch of verdant boughs, with the laurel profusely intermixed, -and surmounted by his country’s banner, beneath which he had -won his victories. Our friend Ernest raised himself on his tiptoes, -in hopes to get a glimpse of the celebrated guest; but there -was a mighty crowd about the tables anxious to hear the toasts -and speeches, and to catch any word that might fall from the -general in reply; and a volunteer company, doing duty as a guard, -pricked ruthlessly with their bayonets at any particularly quiet -person among the throng. So Ernest, being of an unobtrusive -character, was thrust quite into the background, where he could -see no more of Old Blood-and-Thunder’s physiognomy than if it -had been still blazing on the battlefield. To console himself, he -turned towards the Great Stone Face, which, like a faithful and -long-remembered friend, looked back and smiled upon him -through the vista of the forest. Meanwhile, however, he could -overhear the remarks of various individuals, who were comparing -the features of the hero with the face on the distant mountain-side.</p> - -<p>“’Tis the same face, to a hair!” cried one man, cutting a caper -for joy.</p> - -<p>“Wonderfully like, that’s a fact!” responded another.</p> - -<p>“Like! why, I call it Old Blood-and-Thunder himself, in a -monstrous looking-glass!” cried a third. “And why not? He’s the -greatest man of this or any other age, beyond a doubt.”</p> - -<p>And then all three of the speakers gave a great shout, which -communicated electricity to the crowd, and called forth a roar -from a thousand voices, that went reverberating for miles among -the mountains, until you might have supposed that the Great -Stone Face had poured its thunder-breath into the cry. All these -comments, and this vast enthusiasm, served the more to interest -our friend; nor did he think of questioning that now, at length, -the mountain-visage had found its human counterpart. It is true, -Ernest had imagined that this long-looked-for personage would -appear in the character of a man of peace, uttering wisdom, and -doing good, and making people happy. But, taking an habitual -breadth of view, with all his simplicity, he contended that Providence<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_519" id="Page_519">[519]</a></span> -should choose its own method of blessing mankind, and -could conceive that this great end might be effected even by a -warrior and a bloody sword, should inscrutable wisdom see fit to -order matters so.</p> - -<p>“The general! the general!” was now the cry. “Hush! silence! -Old Blood-and-Thunder’s going to make a speech.”</p> - -<p>Even so; for, the cloth being removed, the general’s health -had been drunk, amid shouts of applause, and he now stood upon -his feet to thank the company. Ernest saw him. There he was, -over the shoulders of the crowd, from the two glittering epaulets -and embroidered collar upward, beneath the arch of green boughs -with intertwined laurel, and the banner drooping as if to shade -his brow! And there, too, visible in the same glance, through the -vista of the forest, appeared the Great Stone Face! And was -there, indeed, such a resemblance as the crowd had testified? -Alas, Ernest could not recognize it! He beheld a war-worn and -weatherbeaten countenance, full of energy, and expressive of an -iron will; but the gentle wisdom, the deep, broad, tender sympathies, -were altogether wanting in Old Blood-and-Thunder’s -visage; and even if the Great Stone Face had assumed his look -of stern command, the milder traits would still have tempered it.</p> - -<p>“This is not the man of prophecy,” sighed Ernest to himself, -as he made his way out of the throng. “And must the world wait -longer yet?”</p> - -<p>The mists had congregated about the distant mountain-side, -and there were seen the grand and awful features of the Great -Stone Face, awful but benignant, as if a mighty angel were sitting -among the hills, and enrobing himself in a cloud-vesture of gold -and purple. As he looked, Ernest could hardly believe but that a -smile beamed over the whole visage, with a radiance still brightening, -although without motion of the lips. It was probably the -effect of the western sunshine, melting through the thinly diffused -vapors that had swept between him and the object that he gazed -at. But—as it always did—the aspect of his marvelous friend -made Ernest as hopeful as if he had never hoped in vain.</p> - -<p>“Fear not, Ernest,” said his heart, even as if the Great Face -were whispering him—“fear not, Ernest; he will come.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_520" id="Page_520">[520]</a></span></p> - -<p>More years sped swiftly and tranquilly away. Ernest still -dwelt in his native valley, and was now a man of middle age. By -imperceptible degrees, he had become known among the people. -Now, as heretofore, he labored for his bread, and was the same -simple-hearted man that he had always been. But he had thought -and felt so much, he had given so many of the best hours of his -life to unworldly hopes for some great good to mankind, that it -seemed as though he had been talking with the angels, and had -imbibed a portion of their wisdom unawares. It was visible in the -calm and well-considered beneficence of his daily life, the quiet -stream of which had made a wide green margin all along its -course. Not a day passed by, that the world was not the better -because this man, humble as he was, had lived. He never stepped -aside from his own path, yet would always reach a blessing to his -neighbor. Almost involuntarily, too, he had become a preacher. -The pure and high simplicity of his thought, which, as one of its -manifestations, took shape in the good deeds that dropped silently -from his hand, flowed also forth in speech. He uttered truths -that wrought upon and molded the lives of those who heard him. -His auditors, it may be, never suspected that Ernest, their own -neighbor and familiar friend, was more than an ordinary man; -least of all did Ernest himself suspect it; but, inevitably as the -murmur of a rivulet, came thoughts out of his mouth that no other -human lips had spoken.</p> - -<p>When the people’s minds had had a little time to cool, they -were ready enough to acknowledge their mistake in imagining a -similarity between General Blood-and-Thunder’s truculent physiognomy -and the benign visage on the mountain-side. But now, -again, there were reports and many paragraphs in the newspapers, -affirming that the likeness of the Great Stone Face had appeared -upon the broad shoulders of a certain eminent statesman. He, -like Mr. Gathergold and Old Blood-and-Thunder, was a native -of the valley, but had left it in his early days, and taken up the -trades of law and politics. Instead of the rich man’s wealth and -the warrior’s sword, he had but a tongue, and it was mightier than -both together. So wonderfully eloquent was he, that whatever -he might choose to say, his auditors had no choice but to believe<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_521" id="Page_521">[521]</a></span> -him; wrong looked like right, and right like wrong; for when it -pleased him, he could make a kind of illuminated fog with his -mere breath, and obscure the natural daylight with it. His tongue, -indeed, was a magic instrument: sometimes it rumbled like the -thunder; sometimes it warbled like the sweetest music. It was -the blast of war—the song of peace; and it seemed to have a heart -in it, when there was no such matter. In good truth, he was a -wondrous man; and when his tongue had acquired him all other -imaginable success—when it had been heard in halls of state, and -in the courts of princes and potentates—after it had made him -known all over the world, even as a voice crying from shore to -shore—it finally persuaded his countrymen to select him for the -Presidency. Before this time—indeed, as soon as he began to -grow celebrated—his admirers had found out the resemblance -between him and the Great Stone Face; and so much were they -struck by it, that throughout the country this distinguished gentleman -was known by the name of Old Stony Phiz. The phrase -was considered as giving a highly favorable aspect to his political -prospects; for, as is likewise the case with the Popedom, nobody -ever becomes President without taking a name other than his own.</p> - -<p>While his friends were doing their best to make him President, -Old Stony Phiz, as he was called, set out on a visit to the valley -where he was born. Of course, he had no other object than to -shake hands with his fellow-citizens, and neither thought nor -cared about any effect which his progress through the country -might have upon the election. Magnificent preparations were -made to receive the illustrious statesman; a cavalcade of horsemen -set forth to meet him at the boundary line of the State, and -all the people left their business and gathered along the wayside -so to see him pass. Among these was Ernest. Though more than -once disappointed, as we have seen, he had such a hopeful and -confiding nature that he was always ready to believe in whatever -seemed beautiful and good. He kept his heart continually open, -and thus was sure to catch the blessing from on high when it -should come. So now again, as buoyantly as ever, he went forth -to behold the likeness of the Great Stone Face.</p> - -<p>The cavalcade came prancing along the road, with a great<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_522" id="Page_522">[522]</a></span> -clattering of hoofs and a mighty cloud of dust, which rose up so -dense and high that the visage of the mountain-side was completely -hidden from Ernest’s eyes. All the great men of the neighborhood -were there on horseback; militia officers, in uniform; the -member of Congress; the sheriff of the county; the editors of newspapers; -and many a farmer, too, had mounted his patient steed, -with his Sunday coat upon his back. It really was a very brilliant -spectacle, especially as there were numerous banners flaunting -over the cavalcade, on some of which were gorgeous portraits of -the illustrious statesman and the Great Stone Face, smiling familiarly -at one another, like two brothers. If the pictures were to be -trusted, the mutual resemblance, it must be confessed, was marvelous. -We must not forget to mention that there was a band of -music, which made the echoes of the mountains ring and reverberate -with the loud triumph of its strains; so that airy and soul-thrilling -melodies broke out among all the heights and hollows, -as if every nook of his native valley had found a voice, to welcome -the distinguished guest. But the grandest effect was when -the far-off mountain precipice flung back the music; for then -the Great Stone Face itself seemed to be swelling the triumphant -chorus, in acknowledgment that, at length, the man of prophecy -was come.</p> - -<p>All this while the people were throwing up their hats and -shouting with enthusiasm so contagious that the heart of Ernest -kindled up, and he likewise threw up his hat, and shouted, as -loudly as the loudest, “Huzza for the great man! Huzza for Old -Stony Phiz!” But as yet he had not seen him.</p> - -<p>“Here he is, now!” cried those who stood near Ernest. “There! -There! Look at Old Stony Phiz and then at the Old Man of the -Mountain, and see if they are not as like as two twin-brothers!”</p> - -<p>In the midst of all this gallant array came an open barouche, -drawn by four white horses; and in the barouche, with his massive -head uncovered, sat the illustrious statesman, Old Stony Phiz -himself.</p> - -<p>“Confess it,” said one of Ernest’s neighbors to him, “the Great -Stone Face has met its match at last!”</p> - -<p>Now, it must be owned that, at his first glimpse of the countenance<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_523" id="Page_523">[523]</a></span> -which was bowing and smiling from the barouche, Ernest -did fancy that there was a resemblance between it and the old -familiar face upon the mountain-side. The brow, with its massive -depth and loftiness, and all the other features, indeed, were boldly -and strongly hewn, as if in emulation of a more than heroic, of a -Titanic model. But the sublimity and stateliness, the grand expression -of a divine sympathy, that illuminated the mountain -visage and etherealized its ponderous granite substance into spirit, -might here be sought in vain. Something had been originally left -out, or had departed. And therefore the marvelously gifted statesman -had always a weary gloom in the deep caverns of his eyes, as -of a child that has outgrown its playthings or a man of mighty -faculties and little aims, whose life, with all its high performances, -was vague and empty, because no high purpose had endowed it -with reality.</p> - -<p>Still, Ernest’s neighbor was thrusting his elbow into his side, -and pressing him for an answer.</p> - -<p>“Confess! confess! Is not he the very picture of your Old Man -of the Mountain?”</p> - -<p>“No!” said Ernest, bluntly, “I see little or no likeness.”</p> - -<p>“Then so much the worse for the Great Stone Face!” answered -his neighbor; and again he set up a shout for Old Stony Phiz.</p> - -<p>But Ernest turned away, melancholy, and almost despondent; -for this was the saddest of his disappointments, to behold a man -who might have fulfilled the prophecy, and had not willed to do -so. Meantime, the cavalcade, the banners, the music, and the -barouches swept past him, with the vociferous crowd in the rear, -leaving the dust to settle down, and the Great Stone Face to be -revealed again, with the grandeur that it had worn for untold -centuries.</p> - -<p>“Lo, here I am, Ernest!” the benign lips seemed to say. “I -have waited longer than thou, and am not yet weary. Fear not; -the man will come.”</p> - -<p>The years hurried onward, treading in their haste on one another’s -heels. And now they began to bring white hairs, and scatter -them over the head of Ernest; they made reverend wrinkles -across his forehead, and furrows in his cheeks. He was an aged<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_524" id="Page_524">[524]</a></span> -man. But not in vain had he grown old: more than the white -hairs on his head were the sage thoughts in his mind; his wrinkles -and furrows were inscriptions that Time had graved, and in which -he had written legends of wisdom that had been tested by the -tenor of a life. And Ernest had ceased to be obscure. Unsought -for, undesired, had come the fame which so many seek, and made -him known in the great world, beyond the limits of the valley in -which he had dwelt so quietly. College professors, and even the -active men of cities, came from far to see and converse with -Ernest; for the report had gone abroad that this simple husbandman -had ideas unlike those of other men, not gained from books, -but of a higher tone—a tranquil and familiar majesty, as if he had -been talking with the angels as his daily friends. Whether it -were sage, statesman, or philanthropist, Ernest received these visitors -with the gentle sincerity that had characterized him from -boyhood, and spoke freely with them of whatever came uppermost, -or lay deepest in his heart or their own. While they talked -together, his face would kindle, unawares, and shine upon them, -as with a mild evening light. Pensive with the fulness of such -discourse, his guests took leave and went their way; and passing -up the valley, paused to look at the Great Stone Face, imagining -that they had seen its likeness in a human countenance, but could -not remember where.</p> - -<p>While Ernest had been growing up and growing old, a bountiful -Providence had granted a new poet to this earth. He, likewise, -was a native of the valley, but had spent the greater part of his -life at a distance from that romantic region, pouring out his sweet -music amid the bustle and din of cities. Often, however, did the -mountains which had been familiar to him in his childhood lift -their snowy peaks into the clear atmosphere of his poetry. Neither -was the Great Stone Face forgotten, for the poet had celebrated -it in an ode, which was grand enough to have been uttered by its -own majestic lips. This man of genius, we may say, had come -down from heaven with wonderful endowments. If he sang of a -mountain, the eyes of all mankind beheld a mightier grandeur -reposing on its breast, or soaring to its summit, than had before -been seen there. If his theme were a lovely lake, a celestial smile<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_525" id="Page_525">[525]</a></span> -had now been thrown over it, to gleam forever on its surface. If -it were the vast old sea, even the deep immensity of its dread -bosom seemed to swell the higher, as if moved by the emotions -of the song. Thus the world assumed another and a better aspect -from the hour that the poet blessed it with his happy eyes. The -Creator had bestowed him, as the last best touch to his own handiwork. -Creation was not finished till the poet came to interpret, -and so complete it.</p> - -<p>The effect was no less high and beautiful, when his human -brethren were the subject of his verse. The man or woman, sordid -with the common dust of life, who crossed his daily path, and the -little child who played in it, were glorified if he beheld them in his -mood of poetic faith. He showed the golden links of the great -chain that intertwined them with an <a href="#phrases75" title="List of phrases" id="ref901">angelic kindred</a>; he brought -out the hidden traits of a celestial birth that made them worthy -of such kin. Some, indeed, there were, who thought to show the -soundness of their judgment by affirming that all the beauty and -dignity of the natural world existed only in the poet’s fancy. Let -such men speak for themselves, who undoubtedly appear to have -been spawned forth by Nature with a contemptuous bitterness; -she having plastered them up out of her refuse stuff, after all the -swine were made. As respects all things else, the poet’s ideal was -the truest truth.</p> - -<p>The songs of this poet found their way to Ernest. He read -them after his customary toil, seated on the bench before his cottage-door, -where for such a length of time he had filled his repose -with thought, by gazing at the Great Stone Face. And now as he -read stanzas that caused the soul to thrill within him, he lifted his -eyes to the vast countenance beaming on him so benignantly.</p> - -<p>“O majestic friend,” he murmured, addressing the Great Stone -Face, “is not this man worthy to resemble thee?”</p> - -<p>The Face seemed to smile, but answered not a word.</p> - -<p>Now it happened that the poet, though he dwelt so far away, -had not only heard of Ernest, but had meditated much upon his -character, until he deemed nothing so desirable as to meet this -man, whose untaught wisdom walked hand in hand with the noble -simplicity of his life. One summer morning, therefore, he took<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_526" id="Page_526">[526]</a></span> -passage by the railroad, and, in the decline of the afternoon, -alighted from the cars at no great distance from Ernest’s cottage. -The great hotel, which had formerly been the palace of Mr. -Gathergold, was close at hand, but the poet, with his carpetbag -on his arm, inquired at once where Ernest dwelt, and was resolved -to be accepted as his guest.</p> - -<p>Approaching the door, he there found the good old man, holding -a volume in his hand, which alternately he read, and then, -with a finger between the leaves, looked lovingly at the Great -Stone Face.</p> - -<p>“Good evening,” said the poet. “Can you give a traveler a -night’s lodging?”</p> - -<p>“Willingly,” answered Ernest; and then he added, smiling, -“Methinks I never saw the Great Stone Face look so hospitably -at a stranger.”</p> - -<p>The poet sat down on the bench beside him, and he and Ernest -talked together. Often had the poet held intercourse with the -wittiest and the wisest but never before with a man like Ernest, -whose thoughts and feelings gushed up with such a natural freedom, -and who made great truths so familiar by his simple utterance -of them. Angels, as had been so often said, seemed to have -wrought with him at his labor in the fields; angels seemed to have -sat with him by the fireside; and, dwelling with angels as friend -with friends, he had imbibed the sublimity of their ideas, and -imbued it with the sweet and lowly charm of household words. So -thought the poet. And Ernest, on the other hand, was moved -and agitated by the living images which the poet flung out of his -mind, and which peopled all the air about the cottage-door with -shapes of beauty, both gay and pensive. The sympathies of these -two men instructed them with a profounder sense than either could -have attained alone. Their minds accorded into one strain, and -made delightful music which neither of them could have claimed -as all his own, nor distinguished his own share from the other’s. -They led one another, as it were, into a high pavilion of their -thoughts, so remote, and hitherto so dim, that they had never -entered it before, and so beautiful that they desired to be there -always.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_527" id="Page_527">[527]</a></span></p> - -<p>As Ernest listened to the poet, he imagined that the Great -Stone Face was bending forward to listen too. He gazed earnestly -into the poet’s glowing eyes.</p> - -<p>“Who are you, my strangely gifted guest?” he said.</p> - -<p>The poet laid his finger on the volume that Ernest had been -reading.</p> - -<p>“You have read these poems,” said he. “You know me, then, -for I wrote them.”</p> - -<p>Again, and still more earnestly than before, Ernest examined -the poet’s features; then turned towards the Great Stone Face; -then back, with an uncertain aspect, to his guest. But his countenance -fell; he shook his head, and sighed.</p> - -<p>“Wherefore are you sad?” inquired the poet.</p> - -<p>“Because,” replied Ernest, “all through life I have awaited -the fulfilment of a prophecy; and, when I read these poems, I -hoped that it might be fulfilled in you.”</p> - -<p>“You hoped,” answered the poet, faintly smiling, “to find in -me the likeness of the Great Stone Face. And you are disappointed, -as formerly with Mr. Gathergold, and Old Blood-and-Thunder, -and Old Stony Phiz. Yes, Ernest, it is my doom. You -must add my name to the illustrious three, and record another -failure of your hopes. For—in shame and sadness do I speak it, -Ernest—I am not worthy to be typified by yonder benign and -majestic image.”</p> - -<p>“And why?” asked Ernest. He pointed to the volume. “Are -not those thoughts divine?”</p> - -<p>“They have a strain of the Divinity,” replied the poet. “You -can hear in them the far-off echo of a heavenly song. But my life, -dear Ernest, has not corresponded with my thought. I have had -grand dreams, but they have been only dreams, because I have -lived—and that, too, by my own choice—among poor and mean -realities. Sometimes even—shall I dare to say it?—I lack faith -in the grandeur, the beauty, and the goodness, which my own -works are said to have made more evident in nature and in human -life. Why, then, pure seeker of the good and true, shouldst thou -hope to find me, in yonder image of the divine?”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_528" id="Page_528">[528]</a></span></p> - -<p>The poet spoke sadly, and his eyes were dim with tears. So, -likewise, were those of Ernest.</p> - -<p>At the hour of sunset, as had long been his frequent custom, -Ernest was to discourse to an assemblage of the neighboring inhabitants -in the open air. He and the poet, arm in arm, still -talking together as they went along, proceeded to the spot. It -was a small nook among the hills, with a gray precipice behind, -the stern front of which was relieved by the pleasant foliage of -many creeping plants that made a tapestry for the naked rock, by -hanging their festoons from all its rugged angles. At a small elevation -above the ground, set in a rich framework of verdure, there -appeared a niche, spacious enough to admit a human figure, with -freedom for such gestures as spontaneously accompany earnest -thought and genuine emotion. Into this natural pulpit Ernest -ascended, and threw a look of familiar kindness around upon his -audience. They stood, or sat, or reclined upon the grass, as -seemed good to each, with the departing sunshine falling obliquely -over them, and mingling its subdued cheerfulness with the solemnity -of a grove of ancient trees, beneath and amid the boughs -of which the golden rays were constrained to pass. In another -direction was seen the Great Stone Face, with the same cheer, -combined with the same solemnity, in its benignant aspect.</p> - -<p>Ernest began to speak, giving to the people of what was in his -heart and mind. His words had power, because they accorded -with his thoughts; and his thoughts had reality and depth, because -they harmonized with the life which he had always lived. -It was not mere breath that this preacher uttered; they were the -words of life, because a life of good deeds and holy love was melted -into them. Pearls, pure and rich, had been dissolved into this precious -draught. The poet, as he listened, felt that the being and -character of Ernest were a nobler strain of poetry than he had -ever written. His eyes glistening with tears, he gazed reverentially -at the venerable man, and said within himself that never -was there an aspect so worthy of a prophet and a sage as that -mild, sweet, thoughtful countenance, with the glory of white hair -diffused about it. At a distance, but distinctly to be seen, high up -in the golden light of the setting sun, appeared the Great Stone<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_529" id="Page_529">[529]</a></span> -Face, with hoary mists around it, like the white hairs around the -brow of Ernest. Its look of grand beneficence seemed to embrace -the world.</p> - -<p>At that moment, in sympathy with a thought which he was -about to utter, the face of Ernest assumed a grandeur of expression, -so imbued with benevolence, that the poet, by an irresistible -impulse, threw his arms aloft, and shouted—</p> - -<p>“Behold! Behold! Ernest is himself the likeness of the Great -Stone Face!”</p> - -<p>Then all the people looked, and saw that what the deep-sighted -poet said was true. The prophecy was fulfilled. But Ernest, -having finished what he had to say, took the poet’s arm, and -walked slowly homeward, still hoping that some wiser and better -man than himself would by and by appear, bearing a resemblance -to the Great Stone Face.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_348">see page 348</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What old prophecy did Ernest hope to see fulfilled? -2. What did he see in the Great Stone Face that influenced him? 3. What -did Gathergold care most for? 4. For what did he use his wealth? 5. How -did Ernest know this? 6. What qualities had won the soldier his fame? -7. What qualities did he lack? 8. How were his characteristics revealed? -9. In what way did the statesman fail to meet comparison with the Great -Stone Face? The poet? 10. Which failure disappointed Ernest most? -Why? 11. How do you account for Ernest’s likeness to the Great Stone -Face? 12. How was it that the poet could see the likeness when everyone -else had failed to do so? 13. What may influence anyone as the Great -Stone Face influenced Ernest? 14. If Gathergold represents riches, what is -each of the other great men intended to represent? 15. Which of the -things thus represented is the greatest? 16. What does Ernest represent? -17. What does the Great Stone Face represent? 18. Contrast Gathergold’s -treatment of the beggars with the way Ernest felt the Great Stone Face -would have treated them. 19. Apply the principle, that the life we live is -reflected in our features, spirit, and actions, to Washington and Lincoln. -20. Can you tell Hawthorne’s purpose in writing this story? 21. Pronounce -the following: harbingers; benign; wounds; beneficence; buoyantly; -obliquely; draught.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_530" id="Page_530">[530]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases75"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref892">embosomed amongst, 510, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref893">majestic playfulness, 510, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref894">chaotic ruin, 511, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref895">original divinity intact, 511, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref896">benign aspect, 511, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref897">peculiar portion, 512, 36</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref898">mountainous accumulation, 513, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref899">touch of transmutation, 514, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref900">sylvan banquet, 517, 31</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref901">angelic kindred, 525, 14</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_531" id="Page_531">[531]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="AMERICAN_LITERATURE_OF_LIGHTER_VEIN">AMERICAN LITERATURE OF LIGHTER VEIN</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header14.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE CELEBRATED JUMPING FROG</h4> - -<p class="author">MARK TWAIN</p> - -<p><a href="#phrases76" title="List of phrases" id="ref902">In compliance</a> with the request of a friend of mine, who wrote -me from the East, I called on good-natured, garrulous old Simon -Wheeler, and inquired after my friend’s friend, <em>Leonidas W.</em> -Smiley, as requested to do, and I <a href="#phrases76" title="List of phrases" id="ref903">hereunto append</a> the result. I -have a lurking suspicion that <em>Leonidas W.</em> Smiley is a myth; that -my friend never knew such a personage; and that he only conjectured -that, if I asked old Wheeler about him, it would remind him -of his infamous <em>Jim</em> Smiley, and he would go to work and bore me -nearly to death with some infernal reminiscence of him as long -and tedious as it should be useless to me. If that was the design, -it certainly succeeded.</p> - -<p>I found Simon Wheeler dozing comfortably by the bar-room -stove of the old, dilapidated tavern in the ancient mining camp -of Angel’s, and I noticed that he was fat and bald-headed, and -had an expression of winning gentleness and simplicity upon his -tranquil countenance. He roused up and gave me good-day. I -told him a friend of mine had commissioned me to make some -inquiries about a cherished companion of his boyhood named -<em>Leonidas W.</em> Smiley—<em>Rev. Leonidas W.</em> Smiley—a young minister -of the Gospel, who he had heard was at one time a resident<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_532" id="Page_532">[532]</a></span> -of Angel’s Camp. I added that, if Mr. Wheeler could tell me -anything about this Rev. Leonidas W. Smiley, I would feel under -many obligations to him.</p> - -<p>Simon Wheeler backed me into a corner and blockaded me -there with his chair, and then sat me down and reeled off the -monotonous narrative which follows this paragraph. He never -smiled, he never frowned, he never changed his voice from the -gentle-flowing key to which he tuned the <a href="#phrases76" title="List of phrases" id="ref904">initial sentence</a>, he never -betrayed the <a href="#phrases76" title="List of phrases" id="ref905">slightest suspicion of enthusiasm</a>; but all through -the interminable narrative there ran a vein of impressive earnestness -and sincerity, which showed me plainly that, so far from -his imagining that there was anything ridiculous or funny about -his story, he regarded it as a really important matter, and admired -its two heroes as men of <a href="#phrases76" title="List of phrases" id="ref906">transcendent genius in <i lang="fr">finesse</i></a>. -To me, the spectacle of a man drifting serenely along through -such a queer yarn without ever smiling, was exquisitely absurd. -As I said before, I asked him to tell me what he knew of Rev. -Leonidas W. Smiley, and he replied as follows. I let him go on -in his own way, and never interrupted him once:</p> - -<p>There was a feller here once by the name of <em>Jim</em> Smiley, in -the winter of ’49—or maybe it was the spring of ’50—I don’t recollect -exactly, somehow, though what makes me think it was one -or the other is because I remember the big flume wasn’t finished -when he first came to the camp; but any way, he was the curiosest -man about always betting on any thing that turned up you ever -see, if he could get anybody to bet on the other side; and if he -couldn’t, he’d change sides. Any way that suited the other man -would suit him—any way just so’s he got a bet, <em>he</em> was satisfied. -But still he was lucky, uncommon lucky; he most always come -out winner. He was always ready and laying for a chance; there -couldn’t be no solit’ry thing mentioned but that feller’d offer to -bet on it, and take any side you please, as I was just telling you. -If there was a horse-race, you’d find him flush or you’d find him -busted at the end of it; if there was a dog-fight, he’d bet on it; if -there was a cat-fight, he’d bet on it; if there was a chicken-fight, -he’d bet on it; why, if there was two birds setting on a fence, he -would bet you which one would fly first; or if there was a camp-meeting,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_533" id="Page_533">[533]</a></span> -he would be there reg’lar, to bet on Parson Walker, -which he judged to be the best exhorter about here, and so he -was, too, and a good man. If he even seen a straddle-bug start to -go anywheres, he would bet you how long it would take him to -get to wherever he was going to, and if you took him up, he -would foller that straddle-bug to Mexico but what he would find -out where he was bound for and how long he was on the road. -Lots of the boys here has seen that Smiley, and can tell you about -him. Why, it never made no difference to <em>him</em>—he would bet on -<em>any</em> thing—the dangdest feller. Parson Walker’s wife laid very -sick once, for a good while, and it seemed as if they warn’t going -to save her; but one morning he come in, and Smiley asked how -she was, and he said she was considerable better—thank the Lord -for his inf’nit mercy—and coming on so smart that, with the -blessing of Prov’dence, she’d get well yet; and Smiley, before he -thought, says, “Well, I’ll risk two-and-a-half that she don’t, any -way.”</p> - -<p>Thish-yer Smiley had a mare—the boys called her the fifteen-minute -nag, but that was only in fun, you know, because, of -course, she was faster than that—and he used to win money on -that horse, for all she was so slow and always had the asthma, or -the distemper, or the consumption, or something of that kind. -They used to give her two or three hundred yards start, and then -pass her under way; but always at the fag-end of the race she’d -get excited and desperate-like, and come <a href="#phrases76" title="List of phrases" id="ref907">cavorting and straddling -up</a>, and scattering her legs around limber, sometimes in the -air, and sometimes out to one side amongst the fences, and kicking -up m-o-r-e dust, and raising m-o-r-e racket with her coughing -and sneezing and blowing her nose—and always fetch up at the -stand just about a neck ahead, as near as you could cipher it down.</p> - -<p>And he had a little small bull pup, that to look at him you’d -think he wan’t worth a cent, but to set around and look ornery, -and lay for a chance to steal something. But as soon as money -was up on him, he was a different dog; his underjaw’d begin to -stick out like the fo’castle of a steamboat, and his teeth would -uncover, and shine savage like the furnaces. And a dog might -tackle him, and bully-rag him, and bite him, and throw him over<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_534" id="Page_534">[534]</a></span> -his shoulder two or three times, and Andrew Jackson—which was -the name of the pup—Andrew Jackson would never let on but -what <em>he</em> was satisfied, and hadn’t expected nothing else—and the -bets being doubled and doubled on the other side all the time, till -the money was all up; and then all of a sudden he would grab -that other dog jest by the j’int of his hind leg and freeze to it—not -chaw, you understand, but only jest grip and hang on till -they throwed up the sponge, if it was a year. Smiley always -come out winner on that pup, till he harnessed a dog once that -didn’t have no hind legs, because they’d been sawed off by a circular -saw, and when the thing had gone along far enough, and -the money was all up, and he come to make a snatch for his pet -holt, he saw in a minute how he’d been imposed on, and how the -other dog had been in the door, so to speak, and he ’peared surprised, -and then he looked sorter discouraged-like, and didn’t -try no more to win the fight, and so he got shucked out bad. He -give Smiley a look, as much as to say his heart was broke, and it -was <em>his</em> fault, for putting up a dog that hadn’t no hind legs for -him to take holt of, which was his main dependence in a fight, and -then he limped off a piece and laid down and died. It was a good -pup, was that Andrew Jackson, and would have made a name for -hisself if he’d lived, for the stuff was in him, and he had genius—I -know it, because he hadn’t had no opportunities to speak of, -and it don’t stand to reason that a dog could make such a fight -as he could under them circumstances, if he hadn’t no talent. It -always makes me feel sorry when I think of that last fight of -his’n, and the way it turned out.</p> - -<p>Well, thish-yer Smiley had rat-tarriers, and chicken cocks, -and tom-cats, and all them kind of things, till you couldn’t rest, -and you couldn’t fetch nothing for him to bet on but he’d match -you. He ketched a frog one day, and took him home, and said -he cal’klated to edercate him; and so he never done nothing for -three months but set in his back yard and learn that frog to jump. -And you bet you he <em>did</em> learn him, too. He’d give him a little -punch behind, and the next minute you’d see that frog whirling in -the air like a doughnut—see him turn one summerset, or maybe a -couple, if he got a good start, and come down flat-footed and all<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_535" id="Page_535">[535]</a></span> -right, like a cat. He got him up so in the matter of catching -flies, and kept him in practice so constant, that he’d nail a fly -every time as far as he could see him. Smiley said all a frog -wanted was education, and he could do most any thing—and I -believe him. Why, I’ve seen him set Dan’l Webster down here -on this floor—Dan’l Webster was the name of the frog—and sing -out, “Flies, Dan’l, flies!” and quicker’n you could wink, he’d -spring straight up, and snake a fly off’n the counter there, and -flop down on the floor again as solid as a gob of mud, and fall to -scratching the side of his head with his hind foot as indifferent -as if he hadn’t no idea he’d been doin’ any more’n any frog might -do. You never see a frog so modest and straightforward as he was, -for all he was so gifted. And when it come to fair and square -jumping on a dead level, he could get over more ground at one -straddle than any animal of his breed you ever see. Jumping on -a dead level was his strong suit, you understand; and when it come -to that, Smiley would ante up money on him as long as he had a -red. Smiley was monstrous proud of that frog, and well he might -be, for fellers that had traveled and been everywheres, all said -he laid over any frog that ever <em>they</em> see.</p> - -<p>Well, Smiley kept the beast in a little <a href="#phrases76" title="List of phrases" id="ref908">lattice box</a>, and he used -to fetch him down town sometimes and lay for a bet. One day a -feller—a stranger in the camp, he was—come across him with his -box, and says:</p> - -<p>“What might it be that you’ve got in the box?”</p> - -<p>And Smiley says, sorter indifferent like, “It might be a parrot, -or it might be a canary, maybe, but it an’t—it’s only just a frog.”</p> - -<p>And the feller took it and looked at it careful, and turned it -round this way and that, and says, “H’m—so ’tis. Well, what’s -<em>he</em> good for?”</p> - -<p>“Well,” Smiley says, easy and careless, “He’s good enough -for <em>one</em> thing, I should judge—he can outjump any frog in Calaveras -county.”</p> - -<p>The feller took the box again, and took another long, particular -look, and give it back to Smiley, and says, very deliberate, “Well, -I don’t see no p’ints about that frog that’s any better’n any other -frog.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_536" id="Page_536">[536]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Maybe you don’t,” Smiley says. “Maybe you understand -frogs, and maybe you don’t understand ’em; maybe you’ve had -experience, and maybe you an’t only a amature, as it were. Anyways, -I’ve got <em>my</em> opinion, and I’ll risk forty dollars that he can -outjump any frog in Calaveras county.”</p> - -<p>And the feller studied a minute, and then says, kinder sad -like, “Well, I’m only a stranger here, and I ain’t got no frog; but -if I had a frog, I’d bet you.”</p> - -<p>And then Smiley says, “That’s all right—that’s all right—if -you’ll hold my box a minute, I’ll go and get you a frog.” And -so the feller took the box, and put up his forty dollars along with -Smiley’s, and set down to wait.</p> - -<p>So he set there a good while thinking and thinking to hisself -and then he got the frog out and prized his mouth open and took -a teaspoon and filled him full of quail shot—filled him pretty near -up to his chin—and set him on the floor. Smiley he went to the -swamp and slopped around in the mud for a long time, and finally -he ketched a frog, and fetched him in, and give him to this feller, -and says:</p> - -<p>“Now, if you’re ready, set him alongside of Dan’l, with his -forepaws just even with Dan’l, and I’ll give the word.” Then he -says, “One—two—three—jump!” and him and the feller touched -up the frogs from behind, and the new frog hopped off, but Dan’l -give a heave, and hysted up his shoulders—so—like a Frenchman, -but it wan’t no use—he couldn’t budge; he was planted as solid -as an anvil, and he couldn’t no more stir than if he was <a href="#phrases76" title="List of phrases" id="ref909">anchored -out</a>. Smiley was a good deal surprised, and he was disgusted -too, but he didn’t have no idea what the matter was, of course.</p> - -<p>The feller took the money and started away; and when he -was going out at the door, he sorter jerked his thumb over his -shoulders—this way—at Dan’l, and says again, very deliberate, -“Well, <em>I</em> don’t see no p’ints about that frog that’s any better’n -any other frog.”</p> - -<p>Smiley he stood scratching his head and looking down at Dan’l -a long time, and at last he says, “I do wonder what in the nation -that frog throw’d off for—I wonder if there an’t something the -matter with him—he ’pears to look mighty baggy, somehow.”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_537" id="Page_537">[537]</a></span> -And he ketched Dan’l by the nap of the neck, and lifted him up -and says, “Why, blame my cats, if he don’t weigh five pound!” -and turned him upside down, and he belched out a double handful -of shot. And then he see how it was, and he was the maddest -man—he set the frog down and took out after that feller, but he -never ketched him. And—</p> - -<p>[Here Simon Wheeler heard his name called from the front -yard, and got up to see what was wanted.] And turning to me -as he moved away, he said, “Just set where you are, stranger, and -rest easy—I ain’t going to be gone a second.”</p> - -<p>But, by your leave, I did not think that a continuation of the -history of the enterprising vagabond <em>Jim</em> Smiley would be likely -to afford me much information concerning the Rev. <em>Leonidas W.</em> -Smiley, and so I started away.</p> - -<p>At the door I met the sociable Wheeler returning, and he buttonholed -me and recommenced:</p> - -<p>“Well, thish-yer Smiley had a yaller one-eyed cow that didn’t -have no tail, only jest a short stump like a bannanner, and—”</p> - -<p>“Oh, hang Smiley and his afflicted cow!” I muttered, good-naturedly, -and bidding the old gentleman good-day, I departed.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910), better known by -his pen name Mark Twain, is America’s greatest humorous writer. Like -Walt Whitman he was of humble parentage. He was born in the -village of Florida, Missouri, and at the age of four years, moved with his -parents to the river town of Hannibal, which he immortalized in his two -most popular books, <cite>Tom Sawyer</cite> and <cite>Huckleberry Finn</cite>. He became a -printer and later a pilot on a Mississippi steamboat. For a few years he -served as assistant to his brother who was secretary of the Territory of -Nevada. This brought him in touch with the gold fields of the West, and he -set out to make his fortune in a mining camp. He found only a very small -amount of gold, but his wonderful experiences in the West furnish the basis -of some of his most popular stories and books, such as “The Celebrated -Jumping Frog” and <cite>Roughing It</cite>. As a newspaper reporter he chose the -pen name Mark Twain, an old river expression, meaning the mark that registers -two (twain) fathoms (twelve feet) of water. His start to literary fame -came with the publication of the story “The Celebrated Jumping Frog.” -Later he traveled through Europe and the Holy Land, paying his expenses<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_538" id="Page_538">[538]</a></span> -by means of a series of letters describing his trip, written for a San Francisco -newspaper. These letters were afterward collected in a book called <cite>The Innocents -Abroad</cite>, a delightfully humorous collection of descriptive sketches. -For a time he was part owner and associate editor of the <cite>Buffalo Express</cite>, -but the investment was not profitable and he spent much of his time on the -lecture platform. He died at Redding, Connecticut, in his seventy-fifth year.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What paragraphs in this selection relate the circumstances -under which Simon Wheeler’s reminiscences of Jim Smiley were -told? 2. What were these circumstances? 3. Are all parts of these introductory -paragraphs to be taken seriously? 4. Does Mark Twain intend to -convince his readers that they will find Simon Wheeler’s narrative “monotonous” -and “interminable”? 5. Why does he call it so? 6. What paragraphs -in these reminiscences lead up to the story of the jumping frog? 7. In -whom do these paragraphs serve to interest the reader? 8. What is this -person’s most marked characteristic? 9. What illustrations of this characteristic -are given? 10. Did you enjoy reading this selection? 11. Can -you tell what made it enjoyable? 12. Pronounce the following: infamous; -inquiries; exquisitely; fellow; amateur.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases76"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref902">in compliance, 531, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref903">hereunto append, 531, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref904">initial sentence, 532, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref905">slightest suspicion of enthusiasm, 532, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref906">transcendent genius of <i lang="fr">finesse</i>, 532, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref907">cavorting and straddling up, 533, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref908">lattice box, 535, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref909">anchored out, 536, 26</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4><a href="#phrases77" title="List of phrases" id="ref910">THE HEIGHT OF THE RIDICULOUS</a></h4> - -<p class="author">OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I wrote some lines once on a time</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In wondrous merry mood,</div> -<div class="verse">And thought, as usual, men would say</div> -<div class="verse indent1">They were exceeding good.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">They were so queer, so very queer,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">I laughed as I would die;</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases77" title="List of phrases" id="ref911">Albeit, in the general way</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">A sober man am I.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_539" id="Page_539">[539]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I called my servant, and he came;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">How kind it was of him</div> -<div class="verse">To mind a slender man like me,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">He of the mighty limb!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“These to the printer,” I exclaimed.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And, in my humorous way,</div> -<div class="verse">I added (as <a href="#phrases77" title="List of phrases" id="ref912">a trifling jest</a>),</div> -<div class="verse indent1">“There’ll be the devil to pay.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">He took the paper, and I watched,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And saw him peep within;</div> -<div class="verse">At the first line he read, his face</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Was all upon the grin.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">He read the next; the grin grew broad,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And shot from ear to ear;</div> -<div class="verse">He read the third; <a href="#phrases77" title="List of phrases" id="ref913">a chuckling noise</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">I now began to hear.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The fourth; he broke into a roar;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The fifth; his waistband split;</div> -<div class="verse">The sixth; he burst five buttons off,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And tumbled in a fit.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Ten days and nights, with sleepless eye,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">I watched that wretched man,</div> -<div class="verse">And since, I never dare to write</div> -<div class="verse indent1">As funny as I can.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) was born in Cambridge, -Massachusetts, the son of a Congregational minister. He attended -Phillips Exeter Academy and was graduated from Harvard College in the -famous class of 1829. After studying medicine and anatomy in Paris, he -began practicing in Boston. Later he was made professor of anatomy -and physiology at Dartmouth College, and afterwards at Harvard. In 1850<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_540" id="Page_540">[540]</a></span> -he wrote the poem “Old Ironsides” as a protest against the dismantling -of the historic battleship <i>Constitution</i> which lay in the harbor. It stirred -the entire country so that the Secretary of the Navy found it advisable -to recall the order he had issued. Like Bryant, Holmes was a poet on occasion, -not by profession. For more than forty years after he entered on his -duties at Harvard he delivered his four lectures a week eight months of -the year, and President Eliot bore witness that he was not less skillful -with the scalpel and the microscope than with the pen.</p> - -<p>When Lowell was offered the editorship of the <cite>Atlantic Monthly</cite>, he -made it a condition of his acceptance that Holmes should be a contributor. -The result was a series of articles entitled <cite>The Autocrat of the Breakfast -Table</cite>. Among his poems, the best known are his “Chambered Nautilus,” -“The Height of the Ridiculous”, “The Deacon’s Masterpiece” (The One -Hoss Shay), and short poems in celebration of various occasions. Among -these are some forty poems read at anniversaries of his college class, notably -the one beginning: “Has any old fellow got mixed with the boys?” In this -he refers playfully to the author of “America” as one whom “Fate tried to -conceal by naming him Smith.”</p> - -<p>He wrote several novels, but it is as the author of the <cite>Autocrat</cite> series -and by his humorous poems that he will be best remembered by his readers. -By his personal associates he was most fondly remembered for his sunny, -cheerful disposition and his witty conversation.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What is it that is described by the poet as being the -“height of the ridiculous”? 2. What incidents are related that seem to -show him to be right in this estimate? 3. What opinion of the poet does -the poem give you? 4. In what state of mind do you think of him as writing -it? 5. What is the “trifling jest” referred to in stanza 4? 6. What have the -humorists done for the world? 7. Of what use is a poem like this?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases77"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref910">the height of the ridiculous, 538 (title)</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref911">albeit, in the general way, 538, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref912">a trifling jest, 539, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref913">a chuckling noise, 539, 15</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_541" id="Page_541">[541]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE GIFT OF THE MAGI</h4> - -<p class="author">O. HENRY</p> - -<p>One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty -cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time -by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher -until one’s cheeks burned with the silent <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref914">imputation of parsimony</a> -that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it. -One dollar and eighty-seven cents. And the next day would be -Christmas.</p> - -<p>There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby -little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref915">instigates the -moral reflection</a> that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, -with sniffles predominating.</p> - -<p>While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from -the first stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished -flat at $8 per week. It did not exactly <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref916">beggar description</a>, -but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref917">mendicancy -squad</a>.</p> - -<p>In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter -would go, and an electric button from which no mortal finger -could coax a ring. Also <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref918">appertaining thereunto</a> was a card bearing -the name “Mr. James Dillingham Young.”</p> - -<p>The “Dillingham” had been flung to the breeze during a former -period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid $30 per -week. Now, when the income was shrunk to $20, the letters of -“Dillingham” looked blurred, as though they were thinking seriously -of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. But whenever -Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his -flat above he was called “Jim” and greatly hugged by Mrs. James -Dillingham Young, already introduced to you as Della. Which is -all very good.</p> - -<p>Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_542" id="Page_542">[542]</a></span> -powder rag. She stood by the window and looked out dully at a -gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow -would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to -buy Jim a present. She had been saving every penny she could -for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a week doesn’t go -far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. They -always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim. Her Jim. -Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice -for him. Something fine and rare and sterling—something just -a little bit near to being worthy of the honor of being owned by -Jim.</p> - -<p>There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room. -Perhaps you have seen a pier-glass in an $8 flat. A very thin -and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref919">a rapid -sequence of longitudinal strips</a>, obtain a fairly accurate conception -of his looks. Della, being slender, had mastered the art.</p> - -<p>Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the -glass. Her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost -its color within twenty seconds. Rapidly she pulled down her -hair and let it fall to its full length.</p> - -<p>Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham -Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim’s -gold watch that had been his father’s and his grandfather’s. The -other was Della’s hair. Had the Queen of Sheba lived in the flat -across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair hang out the -window some day to dry <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref920">just to depreciate</a> Her Majesty’s jewels -and gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures -piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his -watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard -from envy.</p> - -<p>So now Della’s beautiful hair fell about her, rippling and -shining like a cascade of brown waters. It reached below her -knee and made itself almost a garment for her. And then she -did it up again nervously and quickly. Once she faltered for a -minute and stood still while a tear or two splashed on the worn -red carpet.</p> - -<p>On went her old brown jacket; on went her old brown hat.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_543" id="Page_543">[543]</a></span> -With a whirl of skirts and with the brilliant sparkle still in her -eyes, she fluttered out of the door and down the stairs to the -street.</p> - -<p>Where she stopped, the sign read: “Mme. Sofronie. Hair -Goods of All Kinds.” One flight up Della ran, and collected herself, -panting. Madame, large, too white, chilly, hardly looked -the “Sofronie.”</p> - -<p>“Will you buy my hair?” asked Della.</p> - -<p>“I buy hair,” said Madame. “Take yer hat off and let’s have -a sight at the looks of it.”</p> - -<p>Down rippled the brown cascade.</p> - -<p>“Twenty dollars,” said Madame, lifting the mass with a practiced -hand.</p> - -<p>“Give it to me quick,” said Della.</p> - -<p>Oh, and the next two hours tripped by on rosy wings. Forget -the hashed metaphor. She was ransacking the stores for Jim’s -present.</p> - -<p>She found it at last. It surely had been made for Jim and -no one else. There was no other like it in any of the stores, and -she had turned all of them inside out. It was a platinum fob -chain, simple and chaste in design, properly proclaiming its value -by substance alone and not by <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref921">meretricious ornamentation</a>—as all -good things should do. It was even worthy of The Watch. As -soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim’s. It was like him. -Quietness and value—the description applied to both. Twenty-one -dollars they took from her for it, and she hurried home with -the 87 cents. With that chain on his watch Jim might be properly -anxious about the time in any company. Grand as the watch -was, he sometimes looked at it on the sly on account of the old -leather strap that he used in place of a chain.</p> - -<p>When Della reached home her intoxication gave way a little -to prudence and reason. She got out her curling irons and lighted -the gas and went to work <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref922">repairing the ravages</a> made by generosity -added to love. Which is always a tremendous task, dear -friends—a mammoth task.</p> - -<p>Within forty minutes her head was covered with tiny, close-lying -curls that made her look wonderfully like a truant schoolboy.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_544" id="Page_544">[544]</a></span> -She looked at her reflection in the mirror long, carefully, -and critically.</p> - -<p>“If Jim doesn’t kill me,” she said to herself, “before he takes -a second look at me, he’ll say I look like a Coney Island chorus -girl. But what could I do—oh! what could I do with a dollar and -eighty-seven cents?”</p> - -<p>At 7 o’clock the coffee was made and the frying-pan was on -the back of the stove hot and ready to cook the chops.</p> - -<p>Jim was never late. Della doubled the fob chain in her hand -and sat on the corner of the table near the door that he always -entered. Then she heard his step on the stair away down on -the first flight, and she turned white for just a moment. She had -a habit of saying little silent prayers about the simplest everyday -things, and now she whispered: “Please God, make him think I -am still pretty.”</p> - -<p>The door opened and Jim stepped in and closed it. He looked -thin and very serious. Poor fellow, he was only twenty-two—and -to be burdened with a family! He needed a new overcoat -and he was without gloves.</p> - -<p>Jim stopped inside the door, as <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref923">immovable as a setter</a> at the -scent of quail. His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an -expression in them that she could not read, and it terrified her. -It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor -any of the sentiments that she had been prepared for. He -simply stared at her fixedly with that peculiar expression on his -face.</p> - -<p>Della wriggled off the table and went for him.</p> - -<p>“Jim, darling,” she cried, “don’t look at me that way. I had -my hair cut off and sold it because I couldn’t live through Christmas -without giving you a present. It’ll grow out again—you -won’t mind, will you? I just had to do it. My hair grows awfully -fast. Say ‘Merry Christmas,’ Jim, and let’s be happy. You -don’t know what a nice—what a beautiful, nice gift I’ve got -for you.”</p> - -<p>“You’ve cut off your hair?” asked Jim laboriously, as if he -had not arrived at that <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref924">patent fact</a> yet, even after the hardest -mental labor.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_545" id="Page_545">[545]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Cut it off and sold it,” said Della. “Don’t you like me just -as well, anyhow? I’m me without my hair, ain’t I?”</p> - -<p>Jim looked about the room curiously.</p> - -<p>“You say your hair is gone?” he said, with an air almost of -idiocy.</p> - -<p>“You needn’t look for it,” said Della. “It’s sold, I tell you—sold -and gone, too. It’s Christmas Eve, boy. Be good to me, for -it went for you. Maybe the hairs of my head were numbered,” -she went on with a sudden serious sweetness, “but nobody could -ever count my love for you. Shall I put the chops on, Jim?”</p> - -<p>Out of his trance Jim seemed quickly to wake. He enfolded -his Della. For ten seconds let us regard with discreet scrutiny -some <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref925">inconsequential object</a> in the other direction. Eight dollars -a week or a million a year—what is the difference? A mathematician -or a wit would give you the wrong answer. The magi -brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. This dark -assertion will be illuminated later on.</p> - -<p>Jim drew a package from his overcoat pocket and threw it -upon the table.</p> - -<p>“Don’t make any mistake, Dell,” he said, “about me. I don’t -think there’s anything in the way of a haircut or a shave or a -shampoo that could make me like my girl any less. But if you’ll -unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while -at first.”</p> - -<p>White fingers and nimble tore at the string and paper. And -then an ecstatic scream of joy; and then, alas! a quick feminine -change to hysterical tears and wails, necessitating the immediate -employment of all the comforting powers of the lord of the flat.</p> - -<p>For there lay The Combs—the set of combs, side and back, -that Della had worshiped for long in a Broadway window. -Beautiful combs, pure tortoise shell, with jeweled rims—just the -shade to wear in the beautiful vanished hair. They were expensive -combs, she knew, and her heart had simply craved and -yearned over them without the least hope of possession. And -now they were hers, but the tresses that should have adorned -the coveted adornments were gone.</p> - -<p>But she hugged them to her bosom, and at length she was able<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_546" id="Page_546">[546]</a></span> -to look up with dim eyes and a smile and say: “My hair grows so -fast, Jim!”</p> - -<p>And then Della leaped up like a little singed cat and cried, -“Oh, oh!”</p> - -<p>Jim had not yet seen his beautiful present. She held it out to -him eagerly upon her open palm. The dull precious metal seemed -to flash with a reflection of her bright and ardent spirit.</p> - -<p>“Isn’t it a dandy, Jim? I hunted all over town to find it. -You’ll have to look at the time a hundred times a day now. Give -me your watch. I want to see how it looks on it.”</p> - -<p>Instead of obeying, Jim tumbled down on the couch and put -his hands under the back of his head and smiled.</p> - -<p>“Dell,” said he, “let’s put our Christmas presents away and -keep ’em a while. They’re too nice to use just at present. I sold -the watch to get the money to buy your combs. And now suppose -you put the chops on.”</p> - -<p>The magi, as you know, were wise men—wonderfully wise -men—who brought gifts to the Babe in the manger. They invented -the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their -gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of -exchange in <a href="#phrases78" title="List of phrases" id="ref926">case of duplication</a>. And here I have lamely related -to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat -who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures -of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days -let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. -Of all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere -they are wisest. They are the magi.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> William Sidney Porter (1862-1910), better known by his -pen name, O. Henry, was born in Greensboro, North Carolina. His teacher -was his aunt, who encouraged his love of stories and story-telling. As -a boy he read widely and showed a natural gift for sketching. When a -mere boy, he went to Texas where he spent two years on a sheep ranch. -He became a reporter for the <cite>Daily Post</cite> of Houston, Texas, and later he -wrote extensively for the leading magazines. In 1902 he went to New York -City to live and from this time on he devoted himself almost exclusively<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_547" id="Page_547">[547]</a></span> -to short-story writing. He holds a prominent place among the world’s -greatest short-story writers. His best known books are <cite>The Four Million</cite>, -from which “The Gift of the Magi” is taken, <cite>Whirligigs</cite>, and <cite>Heart of the -West</cite>, portraying life in Texas. His stories are drawn from real situations -and picture the various types found in ordinary American life. They are -noted for their surprising endings and for their warm human sympathy.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Has this story an interesting beginning? 2. What does -it make you curious about? 3. Throughout the story find other instances -where the author arouses your curiosity, but does not immediately tell you -what you wish to know. 4. When did a plan for obtaining money first suggest -itself to Della? 5. Where do you first begin to suspect what the plan -is? 6. Does Jim’s behavior, when he is told that Della has cut off her hair, -puzzle you as well as Della? 7. Where do you learn why he was so bewildered? -8. O. Henry’s stories usually have a surprise at the end; is there -a surprise in this one? 9, What reason do you see for calling Jim and Della -“the magi”?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases78"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref914">imputation of parsimony, 541, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref915">instigates the moral reflection, 541, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref916">beggar description, 541, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref917">mendicancy squad, 541, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref918">appertaining thereunto, 541, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref919">a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, 542, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref920">just to depreciate, 542, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref921">meretricious ornamentation, 543, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref922">repairing the ravages, 543, 33</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref923">immovable as a setter, 544, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref924">patent fact, 544, 36</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref925">inconsequential object, 545, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref926">case of duplication, 546, 21</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>WOUTER VAN TWILLER</h4> - -<p class="author">WASHINGTON IRVING</p> - -<p>It was in the year of our Lord 1629 that Mynheer Wouter Van -Twiller was appointed governor of the province of Nieuw-Nederlandts, -<a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref927">under the commission and control</a> of their High Mightinesses, -the Lords States General of the United Netherlands, and -the privileged West India Company.</p> - -<p>This renowned old gentleman arrived at New-Amsterdam in -the merry month of June, the sweetest month in all the year;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_548" id="Page_548">[548]</a></span> -when Dan Apollo seems to dance up the <a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref928">transparent firmament</a>—when -the robin, the thrush, and a thousand other wanton songsters -made the woods resound with <a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref929">amorous ditties</a>, and the -luxurious little boblincon revels among the clover blossoms of -the meadows—all which happy coincidence persuaded the old -dames of New-Amsterdam, who were skilled in the art of foretelling -events, that this was to be a happy and prosperous administration.</p> - -<p>The renowned Wouter (or Walter) Van Twiller was descended -from a long line of Dutch burgomasters, who had <a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref930">successively -dozed away</a> their lives and grown fat upon the bench of magistracy -in Rotterdam; and who had comported themselves with -such singular wisdom and propriety, that they were never either -heard or talked of—which, next to being universally applauded, -should be the object of ambition of all sage magistrates and rulers.</p> - -<p>There are two opposite ways by which some men get into -notice—one by talking a vast deal and thinking a little, and the -other by holding their tongues, and not thinking at all. By the -first, many a <a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref931">vaporing, superficial pretender</a> acquires the reputation -of a man of quick parts—by the other, many a vacant -dunderpate, like the owl, the stupidest of birds, comes to be complimented -by a discerning world with all the attributes of wisdom. -This, by the way, is a mere casual remark, which I would not for -the universe have it thought I apply to Governor Van Twiller. -On the contrary, he was a very wise Dutchman, for he never said -a foolish thing—and of such invincible gravity, that he was never -known to laugh, or even to smile, through the course of a long -and prosperous life. Certain, however, it is, there never was a -matter proposed, however simple, and on which your common -narrow-minded mortals would rashly determine at the first glance, -but what the renowned Wouter put on a mighty, mysterious, -vacant kind of look, shook his capacious head, and, having smoked -for five minutes with redoubled earnestness, sagely observed that -he had his doubts about the matter—which in process of time -gained him the character of a man slow in belief, and not easily -imposed on.</p> - -<p>The person of this illustrious old gentleman was as regularly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_549" id="Page_549">[549]</a></span> -formed and <a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref932">nobly proportioned</a>, as though it had been molded -by the hands of some cunning Dutch statuary, as a model of -majesty and lordly grandeur. He was exactly five feet six inches -in height, and six feet five inches in circumference. His head was -a perfect sphere, and of such <a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref933">stupendous dimensions</a> that Dame -Nature, with all her sex’s ingenuity, would have been puzzled to -construct a neck capable of supporting it; wherefore she wisely -declined the attempt, and settled it firmly on the top of his back-bone, -just between the shoulders. His body was of an oblong -form, particularly capacious at bottom; which was wisely ordered -by Providence, seeing that he was a man of sedentary habits, -and very averse to the idle labor of walking. His legs, though -exceeding short, were sturdy in proportion to the weight they had -to sustain; so that when erect he had not a little the appearance of -a robustious beer-barrel, standing on skids. His face, that <a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref934">infallible -index</a> of the mind, presented a vast expanse, perfectly -unfurrowed or deformed by any of those lines and angles which -disfigure the human countenance with what is termed expression. -Two small gray eyes twinkled feebly in the midst, like two stars -of <a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref935">lesser magnitude</a> in the hazy firmament; and his full-fed cheeks, -which seemed to have taken toll of everything that went into his -mouth, were curiously mottled and streaked with dusky red, like a -Spitzenberg apple.</p> - -<p>His habits were as regular as his person. He daily took his -four stated meals, appropriating exactly an hour to each; he -smoked and doubted eight hours, and he slept the remaining -twelve of the four and twenty. Such was the renowned Wouter -Van Twiller—a true philosopher, for his mind was either elevated -above, or tranquilly settled below, the cares and perplexities of -this world. He had lived in it for years, without feeling the least -curiosity to know whether the sun revolved round it, or it round -the sun; and he had watched, for at least half a century, the -smoke curling from his pipe to the ceiling; without once troubling -his head with any of those numerous theories, by which a philosopher -would have perplexed his brain, in accounting for its rising -above the surrounding atmosphere.</p> - -<p>In his council he presided with great state and solemnity.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_550" id="Page_550">[550]</a></span> -He sat in a huge chair of solid oak, hewn in the celebrated forest -of the Hague, <a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref936">fabricated by an experienced timmerman</a> of Amsterdam, -and curiously carved about the arms and feet, into exact -imitations of gigantic eagle’s claws. Instead of a scepter, he -swayed a long Turkish pipe, wrought with jasmine and amber, -which had been presented to a Stadtholder of Holland, at the -conclusion of a treaty with one of the petty Barbary powers. In -this stately chair would he sit, and this magnificent pipe would -he smoke, shaking his right knee with a constant motion, and -fixing his eye for hours together upon a little print of Amsterdam, -which hung in a black frame against the opposite wall of the -council chamber. Nay, it has even been said, that when any -<a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref937">deliberation of extraordinary length</a> and intricacy was on the -carpet, the renowned Wouter would absolutely shut his eyes for -full two hours at a time, that he might not be disturbed by external -objects—and at such times the internal commotion of his -mind was evinced by certain regular guttural sounds, which his -admirers declared were merely the noise of conflict, made by his -contending doubts and opinions.</p> - -<p>It is with infinite difficulty I have been enabled to collect these -biographical anecdotes of the great man under consideration. -The facts respecting him were so scattered and vague, and divers -of them so questionable in <a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref938">point of authenticity</a>, that I have had -to give up the search after many, and decline the admission of -still more, which would have tended to heighten the coloring of -his portrait.</p> - -<p>I have been the more anxious to delineate fully the person -and habits of the renowned Van Twiller, from the consideration -that he was not only the first, but also the best governor that ever -presided over this ancient and respectable province; and so tranquil -and benevolent was his reign, that I do not find throughout -the whole of it, a single instance of any offender being brought to -punishment—a most indubitable sign of a merciful governor, and -a case unparalleled, excepting in the reign of the illustrious King -Log, from whom, it is hinted, the renowned Van Twiller was a -lineal descendant.</p> - -<p>The very outset of the career of this excellent magistrate was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_551" id="Page_551">[551]</a></span> -distinguished by an <a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref939">example of legal acumen</a>, that gave flattering -presage of a wise and equitable administration. The morning -after he had been solemnly installed in office, and at the moment -that he was making his breakfast, from a prodigious earthen dish, -filled with milk and Indian pudding, he was suddenly interrupted -by the appearance of one Wandle Schoonhoven, a very important -old burgher of New-Amsterdam, who complained bitterly of one -Barent Bleecker, inasmuch as he fraudulently refused to come to -a settlement of accounts, seeing that there was a heavy balance -in favor of the said Wandle. Governor Van Twiller, as I have -already observed, was a man of few words; he was likewise a -mortal enemy to multiplying writings—or being disturbed at his -breakfast. Having listened attentively to the statement of -Wandle Schoonhoven, giving an occasional grunt, as he shoveled -a spoonful of Indian pudding into his mouth—either as a sign that -he relished the dish, or comprehended the story—he called unto -him his constable, and pulling out of his breeches pocket a huge -jack-knife, despatched it after the defendant as a summons, accompanied -by his tobacco-box as a warrant.</p> - -<p>This summary process was as effectual in those simple days -as was the seal ring of the great Haroun Alraschid among the -true believers. The two parties being confronted before him, -each produced a book of accounts written in a language and character -that would have puzzled any but a High Dutch commentator, -or a learned decipherer of Egyptian obelisks, to understand. -The sage Wouter took them one after the other, and having -poised them in his hands, and attentively counted over the number -of leaves, fell straightway into a very great doubt, and smoked -for half an hour without saying a word; at length, laying his -finger beside his nose, and shutting his eyes for a moment, with -the air of a man who has just caught a subtle idea by the tail, he -slowly took his pipe from his mouth, puffed forth a column of -tobacco-smoke, and with marvelous gravity and solemnity pronounced—that -having carefully counted over the leaves and -weighed the books, it was found, that one was just as thick and -as heavy as the other—therefore it was the final opinion of the -court that the accounts were equally balanced—therefore Wandle<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_552" id="Page_552">[552]</a></span> -should give Barent a receipt, and Barent should give Wandle a -receipt—and the constable should pay the costs.</p> - -<p>This decision being straightway made known, diffused general -joy throughout New-Amsterdam, for the people immediately perceived -that they had a very wise and equitable magistrate to rule -over them. But its happiest effect was, that not another law-suit -took place throughout the whole of his administration—and the -office of constable fell into such decay that there was not one of -those <a href="#phrases79" title="List of phrases" id="ref940">losel scouts</a> known in the province for many years. I am -the more particular in dwelling on this transaction, not only -because I deem it one of the most sage and righteous judgments -on record, and well worthy the attention of modern magistrates, -but because it was a miraculous event in the history of the renowned -Wouter—being the only time he was ever known to come -to a decision in the whole course of his life.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_424">see page 424</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Does Irving describe Wouter Van Twiller directly or -indirectly? 2. What conclusion are you led to concerning Wouter’s mentality, -despite the author’s statements to the contrary? 3. Describe Wouter’s -appearance in your own words. 4. Do you think the author is more inclined -to state facts, or to imply them? Prove your point through the -paragraphs dealing with the Dutchman’s behavior during the council meetings. -5. What was the only decision that Wouter ever reached? 6. Do -you think Irving uses any of the following methods for developing the humor -of the tale: exaggeration, sarcasm, irony? Or do you think the humor lies in -the way he relates with great seriousness facts that are obviously ridiculous? -7. What do you think is the most amusing incident or description in the -sketch?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases79"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref927">under the commission and control, 547, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref928">transparent firmament, 548, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref929">amorous ditties, 548, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref930">successively dozed away, 548, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref931">vaporing, superficial pretender, 548, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref932">nobly proportioned, 549, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref933">stupendous dimensions, 549, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref934">infallible index, 549, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref935">lesser magnitude, 549, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref936">fabricated by an experienced timmerman, 550, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref937">deliberation of extraordinary length, 550, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref938">point of authenticity, 550, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref939">example of legal acumen, 551, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref940">losel scouts, 552, 9</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_553" id="Page_553">[553]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="AMERICAN_WORKERS_AND_THEIR_WORK">AMERICAN WORKERS AND THEIR WORK</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header15.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>MAKERS OF THE FLAG</h4> - -<p class="author">FRANKLIN K. LANE</p> - -<p>This morning as I passed into the Land Office, the Flag -dropped me a most <a href="#phrases80" title="List of phrases" id="ref941">cordial salutation</a>, and from its rippling folds -I heard it say: “Good morning, Mr. Flag Maker.”</p> - -<p>“I beg your pardon, Old Glory,” I said; “aren’t you mistaken? -I am not the President of the United States, nor a member of -Congress, nor even a general in the army. I am only a Government -clerk.”</p> - -<p>“I greet you again, Mr. Flag Maker,” replied the gay voice; -“I know you well. You are the man who worked in the <a href="#phrases80" title="List of phrases" id="ref942">swelter -of yesterday</a> straightening out the tangle of that farmer’s homestead -in Idaho, or perhaps you found the mistake in the <a href="#phrases80" title="List of phrases" id="ref943">Indian -contract</a> in Oklahoma, or helped to clear that patent for the hopeful -inventor in New York, or pushed the opening of that new -ditch in Colorado, or made that mine in Illinois more safe, or -brought relief to the old soldier in Wyoming. No matter, whichever -one of these <a href="#phrases80" title="List of phrases" id="ref944">beneficent individuals</a> you may happen to be, I -give you greeting, Mr. Flag Maker.”</p> - -<p>I was about to pass on, when the Flag stopped me with these -words:</p> - -<p>“Yesterday the President spoke a word that made happier the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_554" id="Page_554">[554]</a></span> -future of ten million peons in Mexico; but that act looms no -larger on the flag than the struggle which the boy in Georgia is -making to win the Corn Club prize this summer.</p> - -<p>“Yesterday the Congress spoke a word which will open the -door of Alaska; but a mother in Michigan worked from sunrise -until far into the night, to give her boy an education. She, too, is -making the flag.</p> - -<p>“Yesterday we made a new law to prevent <a href="#phrases80" title="List of phrases" id="ref945">financial panics</a>, -and yesterday, maybe, a school teacher in Ohio taught his first -letters to a boy who will one day write a song that will give cheer -to the millions of our race. We are all making the flag.”</p> - -<p>“But,” I said impatiently, “these people were only working!” -Then came a great shout from the Flag:</p> - -<p>“The work that we do is the making of the Flag.</p> - -<p>“I am not the flag; not at all. I am nothing more than its -shadow.</p> - -<p>“I am whatever you make me, nothing more.</p> - -<p>“I am your belief in yourself, your dream of what a People -may become.</p> - -<p>“I live a changing life, a life of moods and passions, of heartbreaks -and tired muscles.</p> - -<p>“Sometimes I am strong with pride, when workmen do an -honest piece of work, fitting rails together truly.</p> - -<p>“Sometimes I droop, for then purpose has gone from me, and -<a href="#phrases80" title="List of phrases" id="ref946">cynically I play the coward</a>.</p> - -<p>“Sometimes I am loud, garish, and full of that <a href="#phrases80" title="List of phrases" id="ref947">ego that blasts -judgment</a>.</p> - -<p>“But always, I am all that you hope to be, and have the courage -to try for.</p> - -<p>“I am song and fear, struggle and panic, and ennobling -hope.</p> - -<p>“I am the day’s work of the weakest man, and the largest -dream of the most daring.</p> - -<p>“I am the Constitution and the courts, the statutes and the -statute makers, soldier and dreadnaught, drayman and street -sweep, cook, counselor, and clerk.</p> - -<p>“I am the battle of yesterday, and the <a href="#phrases80" title="List of phrases" id="ref948">mistake of tomorrow</a>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_555" id="Page_555">[555]</a></span></p> - -<p>“I am the mystery of the men who do without knowing why.</p> - -<p>“I am the <a href="#phrases80" title="List of phrases" id="ref949">clutch of an idea</a>, and the reasoned <a href="#phrases80" title="List of phrases" id="ref950">purpose of -resolution</a>.</p> - -<p>“I am no more than what you believe me to be, and I am all -that you believe I can be.</p> - -<p>“I am what you make me, nothing more.</p> - -<p>“I swing before your eyes as a bright gleam of color, a symbol -of yourself, the pictured suggestion of that big thing which makes -this nation. My stars and my stripes are your dream and your -labors. They are bright with cheer, brilliant with courage, firm -with faith, because you have made them so out of your hearts. -For you are the makers of the flag and it is well that you glory in -the making.”</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Franklin Knight Lane (1864-⸺) was born near Charlottetown, -Canada. While he was yet a small boy his parents moved to -California, where he attended the State University at Berkeley, being graduated -in 1886. Then he entered the newspaper field and became New York -correspondent for a number of papers in the West. He was admitted to the -bar at the age of twenty-five and practiced law in San Francisco. In 1913 he -was appointed Secretary of the Interior in the Cabinet of President Wilson. -“Makers of the Flag” is an address made by Secretary Lane, in June, -1914, before the five thousand officers and employees of the Department of -the Interior.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Why did the Flag greet the author as “Mr. Flag -Maker”? 2. Why are the Georgia boy, the mother in Michigan, and the -school teacher in Ohio, Makers of the Flag? 3. Tell in your own words -some of the things that Mr. Lane says the Flag is. 4. What does the Flag -mean by saying, “I am all that you hope to be and have the courage to -try for”? 5. How is the Flag a “symbol of yourself”? 6. Do you think -that you are a Maker of the Flag? 7. In your opinion, what class of people -are the greatest Makers of the Flag? 8. Pronounce the following: cordial; -government; garish; ego.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases80"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref941">cordial salutation, 553, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref942">swelter of yesterday, 553, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref943">Indian contract, 553, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref944">beneficent individuals, 553, 16</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref945">financial panics, 554, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref946">cynically I play the coward, 554, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref947">ego that blasts judgment, 554, 26</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref948">mistake of tomorrow, 554, 37</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref949">clutch of an idea, 555, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref950">purpose of resolution, 555, 2</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_556" id="Page_556">[556]</a></span></p> - -<h4>I HEAR AMERICA SINGING</h4> - -<p class="author">WALT WHITMAN</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I hear America singing, the <a href="#phrases81" title="List of phrases" id="ref951">varied carols</a> I hear,</div> -<div class="verse">Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be, blithe and strong,</div> -<div class="verse">The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam,</div> -<div class="verse">The mason singing his as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work,</div> -<div class="verse">The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deckhand singing on the steamboat deck,</div> -<div class="verse">The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands,</div> -<div class="verse">The wood-cutters’ song, the plowboy’s on his way in the morning, or at <a href="#phrases81" title="List of phrases" id="ref952">noon intermission</a>, or at sundown,</div> -<div class="verse">The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl sewing or washing,</div> -<div class="verse">Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else,</div> -<div class="verse">The day what belongs to the day—at night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly,</div> -<div class="verse">Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Walt Whitman (1819-1892) was born in Huntington, Long -Island, and educated in the public schools of Brooklyn. He left school at -the early age of thirteen to make his own way in life. At different times -he was school teacher, carpenter, builder, journalist, and poet. During -the Civil War he became a volunteer nurse in and about Washington, D. C., -and the story of his unselfish hospital service is one of the most inspiring -that has come down to us from that war. Lincoln said of him, “Well, <em>he</em> -looks like a <em>man</em>!”</p> - -<p>Two points about Whitman are worthy of notice. The first is that he -was a man of intensely democratic sympathies. He wrote of “the dear love -of comrades” as the real means for bringing about a better understanding -among men of every nation, a better government, and the end of war. -He loved every part of America, and all America’s sons and daughters.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_557" id="Page_557">[557]</a></span></p> - -<p>The word “democracy” constantly occurs in his poetry and his prose, and by -it he means the cultivation of love and coöperation among men. He had -a vision of the time when autocratic government, and all forms of selfishness, -should cease among men; like Burns, he dwelt on the time when men -all over the world should be brothers.</p> - -<p>The second point is closely related to the first. In his dislike for conventional -and exclusive life he objected even to the <em>form</em> developed for -poetry through centuries. He was a lover of freedom, even in writing. So -he rarely uses rimes and stanzas. He calls his form “chants,” and so they -are, chants of human brotherhood and sympathy.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Who is it that the poet hears singing? 2. In stanza 1, -what “varied carols” does he hear? 3. What do you think was the poet’s -underlying idea in writing this poem? 4. Do you think that he meant to -point out that the road to happiness is the road to work?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases81"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref951">varied carols, 556, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref952">noon intermission, 556, 12</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>PIONEERS! O PIONEERS!</h4> - -<p class="author">WALT WHITMAN</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent6">Come my tan-faced children,</div> -<div class="verse">Follow well in order, get your weapons ready,</div> -<div class="verse">Have you your pistols? Have you your sharp-edged axes?</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Pioneers! O pioneers!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent6">For we cannot tarry here,</div> -<div class="verse">We must march my darlings, we must <a href="#phrases82" title="List of phrases" id="ref953">bear the brunt</a> of danger,</div> -<div class="verse">We the youthful <a href="#phrases82" title="List of phrases" id="ref954">sinewy races</a>, all the rest on us depend,</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Pioneers! O pioneers!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent6">O you youths, Western youths,</div> -<div class="verse">So impatient, full of action, full of manly pride and friendship,</div> -<div class="verse">Plain I see you Western youths, see you tramping with the foremost,</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Pioneers! O pioneers!</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_558" id="Page_558">[558]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent6">Have the elder races halted?</div> -<div class="verse">Do they droop and end their lesson, wearied over there beyond the seas?</div> -<div class="verse">We take up the <a href="#phrases82" title="List of phrases" id="ref955">task eternal</a>, and the burden and the lesson,</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Pioneers! O pioneers!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent6">All the past we leave behind,</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases82" title="List of phrases" id="ref956">We debouch</a> upon a newer mightier world, varied world,</div> -<div class="verse">Fresh and strong the world we seize, world of labor and the march,</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Pioneers! O pioneers!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent6">We detachments steady throwing,</div> -<div class="verse">Down the edges, through the passes, up the mountains steep,</div> -<div class="verse">Conquering, holding, daring, venturing as we go the unknown ways,</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Pioneers! O pioneers!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent6">We primeval forests felling,</div> -<div class="verse">We the rivers stemming, vexing we and piercing deep the mines within,</div> -<div class="verse">We the <a href="#phrases82" title="List of phrases" id="ref957">surface broad surveying</a>, we the virgin soil upheaving,</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Pioneers! O pioneers!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent6">Colorado men are we,</div> -<div class="verse">From the peaks gigantic, from the great sierras and the high plateaus,</div> -<div class="verse">From the mine and from the gully, from the hunting trail we come,</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Pioneers! O pioneers!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent6">From Nebraska, from Arkansas,</div> -<div class="verse">Central inland race are we, from Missouri, with the <a href="#phrases82" title="List of phrases" id="ref958">continental blood intervein’d</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">All the hands of comrades clasping, all the Southern, all the Northern,</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Pioneers! O pioneers!</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_559" id="Page_559">[559]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent6">O resistless restless race!</div> -<div class="verse">O beloved race in all! O my breast aches with tender love for all!</div> -<div class="verse">O I mourn and yet exult, I am rapt with love for all,</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Pioneers! O pioneers!</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Whom does the poet address in stanza 1? 2. What does -he ask them if they have ready? 3. Why cannot they “tarry here”? 4. -How does the poet characterize the “western youths”? 5. Why must the -Pioneers “take up the task eternal”? 6. What new world do they enter -upon? 7. Mention some of the tasks that the Pioneers must do. 8. Where -do these pioneers come from? 9. Why does the poet mourn and yet exult?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases82"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref953">bear the brunt, 557, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref954">sinewy races, 557, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref955">task eternal, 558, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref956">we debouch, 558, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref957">surface broad surveying, 558, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref958">continental blood intervein’d, 558, 22</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE BEANFIELD</h4> - -<p class="author">HENRY D. THOREAU</p> - -<p>Before I finished my house, wishing to earn ten or twelve -dollars by some honest and agreeable method, in order to meet -my unusual expenses, I planted about two acres and a half chiefly -with beans, but a small part with potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips.</p> - -<p>Meanwhile my beans, the length of whose rows, added together, -was seven miles, were impatient to be hoed, for the earliest -had grown considerably before the latest were in the ground; -indeed they were not easily to be put off. What was the meaning -of this so steady and self-respecting, this small <a href="#phrases83" title="List of phrases" id="ref959">Herculean labor</a>, -I knew not. I came to love my rows, my beans, though so many -more than I wanted. They attached me to the earth, and so I -got <a href="#phrases83" title="List of phrases" id="ref960">strength like Antaeus</a>. But why should I raise them? Only -Heaven knows. This was my curious labor all summer—to make -this portion of the earth’s surface, which had yielded only cinquefoil,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_560" id="Page_560">[560]</a></span> -blackberries, johnswort, and the like, before, sweet wild fruits -and pleasant flowers, produce instead this pulse. What shall I -learn of beans or beans of me? I cherish them, I hoe them, early -and late I have an eye to them; and this is my day’s work. It is a -fine broad leaf to look on. My <a href="#phrases83" title="List of phrases" id="ref961">auxiliaries are the dews</a> and rains -which water this dry soil, and what fertility is in the soil itself, -which for the most part is <a href="#phrases83" title="List of phrases" id="ref962">lean and effete</a>. My enemies are worms, -cool days and, most of all, woodchucks. The last have nibbled -for me a quarter of an acre clean. But what right had I to oust -johnswort and the rest, and break up their ancient herb garden? -Soon, however, the remaining beans will be too tough for them, -and go forward to meet new foes.</p> - -<p>I planted about two acres and a half of upland. Before any -woodchuck or squirrel had run across the road, or the sun had -gotten above the shrub-oaks, while all the dew was on—I would -advise you to do all your work if possible while the dew is on—I -began to <a href="#phrases83" title="List of phrases" id="ref963">level the ranks</a> of haughty weeds in my beanfield and -to throw dust upon their heads. Early in the morning I worked -barefooted, dabbling like a <a href="#phrases83" title="List of phrases" id="ref964">plastic artist</a> in the dewy and crumbling -sand, but later in the day the sun blistered my feet. The -sun lighted me to hoe beans, pacing slowly backward and forward -over that yellow gravelly upland, between the long green rows, -fifteen rods, the one end terminating in a shrub-oak copse where I -could rest in the shade the other in a blackberry field where the -green berries deepened their tints by the time I had made another -round. Removing the weeds putting fresh soil about the bean -stems and encouraging this weed which I had sown, making the -yellow soil <a href="#phrases83" title="List of phrases" id="ref965">express its summer thought</a> in bean leaves and blossoms -rather than in wormwood and piper and millet grass, making -the earth say beans instead of grass—this was my daily work. As -I had little aid from horses or cattle, or hired men or boys, or -improved <a href="#phrases83" title="List of phrases" id="ref966">implements of husbandry</a>, I was much slower, and became -much more intimate with my beans than usual.</p> - -<p>It was a singular experience, that long acquaintance which I -cultivated with beans, what with planting, and hoeing, and harvesting, -and threshing, and picking over and selling them—the -last was the hardest of all—I might add eating for I did taste.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_561" id="Page_561">[561]</a></span> -I was determined to know beans. When they were growing, I used -to hoe from five o’clock in the morning till noon, and commonly -spent the rest of the day about other affairs. Consider the <a href="#phrases83" title="List of phrases" id="ref967">intimate -and curious acquaintance</a> one makes with various kinds of -weeds. That’s Roman wormwood—that’s pigweed—that’s sorrel—that’s -piper-grass—have at him, chop him up, turn his roots -upward to the sun, don’t let him have a fiber in the shade; if you -do he’ll turn himself t’other side up and be as green as a leek in -two days. A long war, not with cranes, but with weeds, those -Trojans who had sun and rain and dews on their side. Daily the -beans saw me come to their rescue armed with a hoe, and thin -the ranks of their enemies, filling up the trenches with weedy -dead. Many a lusty <a href="#phrases83" title="List of phrases" id="ref968">crest-waving Hector</a>, that towered a whole -foot above his crowding comrades, fell before my weapon and -rolled in the dust.</p> - -<p>My farm outgoes for the season were, for implements, seed, -work, etc., $14.72½. I got twelve bushels of beans and eighteen -bushels of potatoes, besides some peas and sweet corn. The -yellow corn and turnips were too late to come to anything. My -whole income from the farm was—</p> - -<table summary="An income and expenditure account for the farm"> - <tr> - <td></td> - <td class="right">$23.44 </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Deducting the outgoes</td> - <td class="right"> 14.72½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="total">There are left</td> - <td class="right total">$ 8.71½</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>This is the result of my experience in raising beans. Plant -the common small white bush bean about the first of June, in -rows three feet by eighteen inches apart, being careful to select -fresh, round, and unmixed seed. First look out for worms, and -<a href="#phrases83" title="List of phrases" id="ref969">supply vacancies</a> by planting anew. Then look out for woodchucks, -if it is an exposed place, for they will nibble off the -earliest tender leaves almost clean as they go; and again, when -the young tendrils make their appearance, they have notice of it, -and will shear them off with both buds and young pods, sitting -erect like a squirrel. But above all, harvest as early as possible, -if you would escape frosts and have a fair and salable crop; you -may save much loss by this means.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_562" id="Page_562">[562]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) was born in Concord, -Massachusetts, and was educated in the village schools and later at Harvard -University. He was an intimate friend of Emerson, Hawthorne, and the -Alcotts. With the help of Emerson, he built a cottage beside a pond in -Walden Woods near Concord where he lived alone, planted beans, caught -fish, and for the most part lived on the products of the soil, cultivated by his -own hands. In his book, <cite>Walden, or Life in the Woods</cite>, he gives a detailed -account of his observations and experiences. Other books by Thoreau are -<cite>A Week on the Concord and the Merrimack Rivers</cite>, <cite>The Maine Woods</cite>, etc.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Why did Thoreau wish to earn some extra money? 2. -What seeds did he plant? 3. The author likens the hoeing of the beans -to a “Herculean labor”; explain this reference. 4. What were Thoreau’s -auxiliaries? His enemies? 5. According to the author, what is the best -time to work in the garden? 6. How did he come “to know beans” so -well? 7. Explain the metaphor referring to the weeds as Trojans. 8. How -much did the author clear on his garden? 9. Do you think the amount -made was worth the labor put into it? 10. Tell one of your experiences -with a garden.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases83"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref959">Herculean labor, 559, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref960">strength like Antaeus, 559, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref961">auxiliaries are the dews, 560, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref962">lean and effete, 560, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref963">level the ranks, 560, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref964">plastic artist, 560, 19</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref965">express its summer thought, 560, 28</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref966">implements of husbandry, 560, 32</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref967">intimate and curious acquaintance, 561, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref968">crest-waving Hector, 561, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref969">supply vacancies, 561, 29</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE SHIP-BUILDERS</h4> - -<p class="author">JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The sky is ruddy in the east,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The earth is gray below,</div> -<div class="verse">And, <a href="#phrases84" title="List of phrases" id="ref970">spectral in the river-mist</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The ship’s white timbers show.</div> -<div class="verse">Then let the sounds of <a href="#phrases84" title="List of phrases" id="ref971">measured stroke</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">And grating saw begin;</div> -<div class="verse">The broad-axe to the gnarléd oak,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The mallet to the pin!</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_563" id="Page_563">[563]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Hark!—roars the bellows, blast on blast,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The <a href="#phrases84" title="List of phrases" id="ref972">sooty smithy jars</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">And fire-sparks, rising far and fast,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Are fading with the stars.</div> -<div class="verse">All day for us the smith shall stand</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Beside that flashing forge;</div> -<div class="verse">All day for us his heavy hand</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The <a href="#phrases84" title="List of phrases" id="ref973">groaning anvil scourge</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">From far-off hills, the panting team</div> -<div class="verse indent1">For us is toiling near;</div> -<div class="verse">For us the raftsmen down the stream</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Their island barges steer.</div> -<div class="verse">Rings out for us the ax-man’s stroke</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In forests old and still—</div> -<div class="verse">For us the <a href="#phrases84" title="List of phrases" id="ref974">century-circled oak</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Falls crashing down his hill.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Up!—up!—in nobler toil than ours</div> -<div class="verse indent1">No craftsmen bear a part;</div> -<div class="verse">We make of Nature’s giant powers</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The slaves of human Art.</div> -<div class="verse">Lay rib to rib and beam to beam,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And <a href="#phrases84" title="List of phrases" id="ref975">drive the treenails free</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">Nor faithless joint nor yawning seam</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Shall tempt the searching sea!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Where’er the keel of our good ship</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The sea’s rough field shall plow,</div> -<div class="verse">Where’er her tossing spars shall drip</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With salt-spray caught below,</div> -<div class="verse">That ship must heed her master’s beck,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Her helm obey his hand,</div> -<div class="verse">And seamen tread her reeling deck</div> -<div class="verse indent1">As if they trod the land.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_564" id="Page_564">[564]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Her oaken ribs the <a href="#phrases84" title="List of phrases" id="ref976">vulture-beak</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases84" title="List of phrases">Of Northern ice</a> may peel;</div> -<div class="verse">The sunken rock and coral peak</div> -<div class="verse indent1">May grate along her keel;</div> -<div class="verse">And know we well the painted shell</div> -<div class="verse indent1">We give to wind and wave,</div> -<div class="verse">Must float, the <a href="#phrases84" title="List of phrases" id="ref977">sailor’s citadel</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Or sink, the sailor’s grave!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Ho!—strike away the bars and blocks,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And set the good ship free!</div> -<div class="verse">Why lingers on these dusty rocks</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The young bride of the sea?</div> -<div class="verse">Look! how she moves adown the grooves,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In graceful beauty now!</div> -<div class="verse">How lowly on the breast she loves</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Sinks down her virgin prow!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">God bless her! wheresoe’er the breeze</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Her snowy wing shall fan,</div> -<div class="verse">Aside the frozen Hebrides,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Or sultry Hindostan!</div> -<div class="verse">Where’er, in mart or on the main,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With peaceful flag unfurled,</div> -<div class="verse">She helps to wind the silken chain</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Of commerce round the world!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Be hers the Prairie’s golden grain,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The Desert’s golden sand,</div> -<div class="verse">The clustered fruits of sunny Spain,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The spice of Morning-land!</div> -<div class="verse">Her pathway on the open main</div> -<div class="verse indent1">May blessings follow free,</div> -<div class="verse">And glad hearts welcome back again.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Her white sails from the sea!</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_565" id="Page_565">[565]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_60">see page 60</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What does the title tell us? 2. Make an outline which -shows what each stanza tells us of the ship-builders, for example:</p> - -<p>Stanza 1—Morning; time for work.</p> - -<p>Stanza 2—The smithy; work of the smith, etc.</p> - -<p>3. What do the first four lines tell us of the time? 4. Note how much more -they tell; what pictures do they give? What comparison do they suggest? -5. What line in the second stanza adds to the picture in stanza one? 6. -In what sense is the smith working “for us”? 7. What does the “panting -team” bring from the “far-off hills”? 8. With whose labor does the work -of ship-building really begin? Read the lines which tell this. 9. Which -line in the third stanza do you like best? 10. What comparison does the -poet make between ship-building and other kinds of labor? 11. Is the -“master” the only one responsible for making the ship obey the helm? -12. What is the subject of the verb “may feel”? 13. What dangers to the -ship are pointed out? How may the ship-builders guard against these dangers? -14. Read the stanzas which urge honest workmanship. 15. At what -point in the building of a ship are the “bars and blocks” struck away? 16. -In what sense does this “set the good ship free”? 17. Read lines which tell -of the ship’s work. 18. In what sense can the “Prairie’s golden grain” “be -hers”? 19. What is meant by the “Desert’s golden sand”? 20. What poetic -name is given to the Far East? 21. Read the lines that express the poet’s -wish for the ship. 22. Select the lines in this poem that give the most -vivid pictures. 23. Can you think of anything of which this ship may be -the symbol? 24. Compare the poem with Longfellow’s “The Builders” -(page 566) for a suggestion as to what the ship may represent. 25. Pronounce -the following: sooty; scourge; helm; coral.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases84"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref970">spectral in the river-mist, 562, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref971">measured stroke, 562, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref972">sooty smithy jars, 563, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref973">groaning anvil scourge, 563, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref974">century-circled oak, 563, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref975">drive the treenails free, 563, 22</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref976">vulture-beak of Northern ice, 564, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref977">sailor’s citadel, 564, 7</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_566" id="Page_566">[566]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE BUILDERS</h4> - -<p class="author">HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">All are <a href="#phrases85" title="List of phrases" id="ref978">architects of Fate</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Working in these walls of Time;</div> -<div class="verse">Some with <a href="#phrases85" title="List of phrases" id="ref979">massive deeds</a> and great,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Some with ornaments of rime.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Nothing useless is, or low;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Each thing in its place is best;</div> -<div class="verse">And what seems but idle show</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Strengthens and supports the rest.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">For the structure that we raise</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Time is with materials filled;</div> -<div class="verse">Our todays and yesterdays</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Are the blocks with which we build.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Truly shape and fashion these;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Leave no <a href="#phrases85" title="List of phrases" id="ref980">yawning gaps</a> between;</div> -<div class="verse">Think not, because no man sees,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Such things will remain unseen.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">In the elder days of Art,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Builders wrought with greatest care</div> -<div class="verse">Each minute and unseen part;</div> -<div class="verse indent1">For the gods see everywhere.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Let us do our work as well,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Both the unseen and the seen;</div> -<div class="verse">Make the house, where gods may dwell,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Beautiful, entire, and clean.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_567" id="Page_567">[567]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Else our lives are incomplete,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Standing in these walls of Time,</div> -<div class="verse">Broken stairways, where the feet</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Stumble as they seek to climb.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Build today, then, strong and sure,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With a firm and <a href="#phrases85" title="List of phrases" id="ref981">ample base</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">And <a href="#phrases85" title="List of phrases" id="ref982">ascending and secure</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Shall tomorrow find its place.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Thus alone can we attain</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To those turrets, where the eye</div> -<div class="verse">Sees the world as one vast plain,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And one <a href="#phrases85" title="List of phrases" id="ref983">boundless reach</a> of sky.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_80">see page 80</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Tell in your own words what the first stanza means -to you. 2. Find the line which tells that we must build whether we wish -to do so or not. 3. Which lines show that we choose the kind of structure -that we raise? 4. Upon what does the beauty of the “blocks” depend? 5. -Mention something that could cause a “yawning gap.” 6. By whom are -“massive deeds” performed? 7. By whom are “ornaments of rime” made? -8. Explain the meaning of the “elder days of Art” and mention some works -that belong to that time. 9. Tell in your own words the meaning of the -last stanza. 10. What do you think was Longfellow’s purpose in writing this -poem?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases85"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref978">architects of Fate, 566, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref979">massive deeds, 566, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref980">yawning gaps, 566, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref981">ample base, 567, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref982">ascending and secure, 567, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref983">boundless reach, 567, 12</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_568" id="Page_568">[568]</a></span></p> - -<h3 id="LOVE_OF_COUNTRY">LOVE OF COUNTRY</h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header16.jpg" width="500" height="190" alt="Decorative header" /> -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE FLOWER OF LIBERTY</h4> - -<p class="author">OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">What flower is this that greets the morn,</div> -<div class="verse">Its hues from Heaven so <a href="#phrases86" title="List of phrases" id="ref984">freshly born</a>?</div> -<div class="verse">With burning star and <a href="#phrases86" title="List of phrases" id="ref985">flaming band</a></div> -<div class="verse">It kindles all the sunset land;</div> -<div class="verse">O tell us what its name may be—</div> -<div class="verse">Is this the Flower of Liberty?</div> -<div class="verse indent2">It is the banner of the free,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">The starry Flower of Liberty.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">In savage Nature’s <a href="#phrases86" title="List of phrases" id="ref986">far abode</a></div> -<div class="verse">Its tender seed our fathers sowed;</div> -<div class="verse">The storm-winds rocked its <a href="#phrases86" title="List of phrases" id="ref987">swelling bud</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Its opening leaves were streaked with blood,</div> -<div class="verse">Till lo! earth’s tyrants shook to see</div> -<div class="verse">The full-blown Flower of Liberty!</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Then hail the banner of the free,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">The starry Flower of Liberty.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_569" id="Page_569">[569]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Behold its <a href="#phrases86" title="List of phrases" id="ref988">streaming rays unite</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">One mingling flood of <a href="#phrases86" title="List of phrases" id="ref989">braided light</a>—</div> -<div class="verse">The red that fires the Southern rose,</div> -<div class="verse">With spotless white from Northern snows,</div> -<div class="verse">And, spangled o’er its azure, see</div> -<div class="verse">The sister Stars of Liberty!</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Then hail the banner of the free,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">The starry Flower of Liberty!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The blades of heroes fence it round,</div> -<div class="verse">Where’er it springs is holy ground;</div> -<div class="verse">From tower and dome its glories spread;</div> -<div class="verse">It waves where lonely sentries tread;</div> -<div class="verse">It makes the land as ocean free,</div> -<div class="verse">And plants an empire on the sea!</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Then hail the banner of the free,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">The starry Flower of Liberty.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Thy sacred leaves, fair Freedom’s flower,</div> -<div class="verse">Shall ever float on dome and tower,</div> -<div class="verse">To all their heavenly colors true,</div> -<div class="verse">In blackening frost or crimson dew—</div> -<div class="verse">And God love us as we love thee,</div> -<div class="verse">Thrice holy Flower of Liberty!</div> -<div class="verse indent2">Then hail the banner of the free,</div> -<div class="verse indent2">The starry Flower of Liberty.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_539">see page 539</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Read the line in the first stanza answering the question -with which the poem opens. 2. Explain the metaphor of the “burning -star” and the “flaming band,” etc. 3. How many “burning stars” does our -flag contain? How many “flaming bands”? 4. Why does the poet call -America the “sunset land”? 5. How far back in history must we go to -find the seed time of the Flower of Liberty? 6. Did the Flower of Liberty -come to full-bloom in a time of strife or a time of peace? 7. What were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_570" id="Page_570">[570]</a></span> -the “storm-winds”? What blood streaked its opening leaves? 8. How -does the poet show that the North and South unite as one in the flag? 9. -How do the “blades of heroes fence” the flag? 10. In the fourth stanza -the poet says that the flag makes our land as free as the ocean; what do -you know about a recent struggle over the freedom of the seas? 11. Why -is the Flower of Liberty thrice holy?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases86"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref984">freshly born, 568, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref985">flaming band, 568, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref986">far abode, 568, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref987">swelling bud, 568, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref988">streaming rays unite, 569, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref989">braided light, 569, 2</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>OLD IRONSIDES</h4> - -<p class="author">OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Ay, tear her <a href="#phrases87" title="List of phrases" id="ref990">tattered ensign</a> down!</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Long has it waved on high,</div> -<div class="verse">And many an eye has danced to see</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That banner in the sky.</div> -<div class="verse">Beneath it rung the battle shout,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And burst the cannon’s roar;</div> -<div class="verse">The <a href="#phrases87" title="List of phrases" id="ref991">meteor of the ocean air</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Shall sweep the clouds no more!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Her deck, once red with heroes’ blood,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Where knelt the vanquished foe,</div> -<div class="verse">When winds were hurrying o’er the flood,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And waves were white below,</div> -<div class="verse">No more shall feel the victor’s tread,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Or know the conquered knee;</div> -<div class="verse">The <a href="#phrases87" title="List of phrases" id="ref992">harpies of the shore</a> shall pluck</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The eagle of the sea!</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_571" id="Page_571">[571]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O better that her <a href="#phrases87" title="List of phrases" id="ref993">shattered hulk</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Should sink beneath the wave;</div> -<div class="verse">Her thunders shook the mighty deep,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And there should be her grave.</div> -<div class="verse">Nail to the mast her holy flag,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Set every threadbare sail,</div> -<div class="verse">And give her to the god of storms,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The lightning and the gale!</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_539">see page 539</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Historical Note.</b> Old Ironsides was the popular name given the U. S. -frigate <i>Constitution</i>. It was proposed by the Secretary of the Navy to dispose -of the ship, as it had become unfit for service. Popular sentiment did -not approve of this; it was felt that a ship which had been the pride of the -nation should continue to be the property of the Navy and that it should -be rebuilt for service when needed. Holmes wrote this poem at the time -when the matter was being widely discussed.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. In what spirit was this poem written? 2. What was the -motive which inspired it? 3. Do you think the poet really means it when -he cries, “Ay, tear her tattered ensign down!”? Can you give some other -instance of irony? 4. As you read this poem, do you think of the frigate -as an inanimate object or does it seem personified? 5. What is meant by -“meteor of the ocean wave”? 6. Who are the “harpies of the shore”? The -“eagle of the sea”? 7. What does the poet say would be better than to have -the ship dismantled? 8. Do you think this a fitting end for a ship of war? -9. Read the story of the fight between the <i>Constitution</i> and the <i>Guerriére</i> -given in your history and be prepared to tell it in class. Why did the -nation have particular pride in this achievement? 10. Pronounce the following: -ensign; beneath.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases87"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref990">tattered ensign, 570, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref991">meteor of the ocean air, 570, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref992">harpies of the shore, 570, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref993">shattered hulk, 571, 1</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_572" id="Page_572">[572]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE AMERICAN FLAG</h4> - -<p class="author">HENRY WARD BEECHER</p> - -<p>A thoughtful mind, when it sees a nation’s flag, sees not the -flag only, but the nation itself; and whatever may be its symbols, -its insignia, he reads chiefly in the flag the government, the principles, -the truths, the history, which belong to the nation which -sets it forth.</p> - -<p>When the French tricolor rolls out to the wind, we see France. -When the new-found Italian flag is unfurled, we see <a href="#phrases88" title="List of phrases" id="ref994">resurrected -Italy</a>. When the other three-cornered Hungarian flag shall be -lifted to the wind, we shall see in it the long buried but never dead -principles of Hungarian liberty. When the united crosses of St. -Andrew and St. George on a fiery ground set forth the banner of -Old England, we see not the cloth merely; there rises up before -the mind the noble aspect of that monarchy, which, more than any -other on the globe, has advanced its banner for liberty, law, and -national prosperity.</p> - -<p>This nation has a banner, too; and wherever it streamed -abroad, men saw daybreak bursting on their eyes, for the American -flag has been the symbol of liberty, and men rejoiced in it. -Not another flag on the globe had such an errand, or went forth -upon the sea, carrying everywhere, the world around, such hope -for the captive, and such <a href="#phrases88" title="List of phrases" id="ref995">glorious tidings</a>. The stars upon it were -to the pining nations like the morning stars of God, and the stripes -upon it were beams of morning light.</p> - -<p>As at early dawn the stars stand first, and then it grows light, -and then as the sun advances, that light breaks into banks and -streaming lines of color, the glowing red and intense white striving -together and <a href="#phrases88" title="List of phrases" id="ref996">ribbing the horizon</a> with <a href="#phrases88" title="List of phrases" id="ref997">bars effulgent</a>, so on the -American flag, stars and beams of many-colored light shine out -together. And wherever the flag comes, and men behold it, they -see in its <a href="#phrases88" title="List of phrases" id="ref998">sacred emblazonry</a> no rampant lion and fierce eagle, but -only <span class="smcapuc">LIGHT</span>, and every fold significant of liberty.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_573" id="Page_573">[573]</a></span></p> - -<p>The history of this banner is all on one side. Under it rode -Washington and his armies; before it Burgoyne laid down his -arms. It waved on the highlands at West Point; it floated over -old Fort Montgomery. When Arnold would have surrendered -these valuable fortresses and <a href="#phrases88" title="List of phrases" id="ref999">precious legacies</a>, his night was -turned into day, and his treachery was driven away by the beams -of light from this starry banner.</p> - -<p>It cheered our army, driven from New York, in their solitary -pilgrimage through New Jersey. It streamed in light over Valley -Forge and Morristown. It crossed the waters rolling with ice at -Trenton; and when its stars gleamed in the cold morning with victory, -a new day of hope dawned on the despondency of the nation. -And when, at length, the long years of war were drawing to a close, -underneath the folds of this immortal banner sat Washington -while Yorktown surrendered its hosts, and our Revolutionary -struggles ended with victory.</p> - -<p>Let us then twine each thread of the <a href="#phrases88" title="List of phrases" id="ref1000">glorious tissue</a> of our -country’s flag about our heartstrings; and looking upon our homes -and catching the spirit that breathes upon us from the battlefields -of our fathers, let us resolve, come <a href="#phrases88" title="List of phrases" id="ref1001">weal or woe</a>, we will, in life and -in death, now and forever, stand by the Stars and Stripes. They -have been unfurled from the snows of Canada to the plains of New -Orleans, in the halls of the Montezumas and amid the solitude of -every sea; and everywhere, as the <a href="#phrases88" title="List of phrases" id="ref1002">luminous symbol</a> of resistless -and <a href="#phrases88" title="List of phrases" id="ref1003">beneficent power</a>, they have led the brave to victory and to -glory. They have floated over our cradles; let it be our prayer -and our struggle that they shall float over our graves.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1887) was a native of Connecticut -and a son of the famous Lyman Beecher. He was a graduate of Amherst -College and of Lane Theological Seminary. For forty years Beecher -was the pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, discussing from the pulpit -the issues of the time and championing the rights of men everywhere, particularly -the rights of oppressed men. His lectures and sermons breathed -a spirit of intense patriotism.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What may be seen in a nation’s flag by a thoughtful<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_574" id="Page_574">[574]</a></span> -mind? 2. Of what is the American flag a symbol? 3. What are the stars -of the flag compared to? The stripes? 4. What do people see in the -“sacred emblazonry” of the flag? 5. Tell something of the history of this -banner. 6. What is it to “stand by the stars and stripes”? 7. Do you -think the men who fought for us in the Great War lived up to the ideals -given to us in this poem? 8. Pronounce the following: insignia; horizon; -rampant.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases88"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref994">resurrected Italy, 572, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref995">glorious tidings, 572, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref996">ribbing the horizon, 572, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref997">bars effulgent, 572, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref998">sacred emblazonry, 572, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref999">precious legacies, 573, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1000">glorious tissue, 573, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1001">weal or woe, 573, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1002">luminous symbol, 573, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1003">beneficent power, 573, 24</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE AMERICAN FLAG</h4> - -<p class="author">JOSEPH RODMAN DRAKE</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">When Freedom, from her mountain height,</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases89" title="List of phrases" id="ref1004">Unfurled her standard</a> to the air,</div> -<div class="verse">She tore the <a href="#phrases89" title="List of phrases" id="ref1005">azure robe</a> of night,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And set the stars of glory there;</div> -<div class="verse">She mingled with its gorgeous dyes</div> -<div class="verse">The <a href="#phrases89" title="List of phrases" id="ref1006">milky baldric</a> of the skies,</div> -<div class="verse">And striped its pure <a href="#phrases89" title="List of phrases" id="ref1007">celestial white</a></div> -<div class="verse">With streakings of the morning light;</div> -<div class="verse">Then, from his mansion in the sun,</div> -<div class="verse">She called her eagle-bearer down,</div> -<div class="verse">And gave into his mighty hand</div> -<div class="verse">The symbol of her chosen land!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases89" title="List of phrases" id="ref1008">Majestic monarch</a> of the cloud,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Who rear’st aloft thy <a href="#phrases89" title="List of phrases" id="ref1009">regal form</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">To hear the <a href="#phrases89" title="List of phrases" id="ref1010">tempest-trumpings</a> loud,</div> -<div class="verse">And see the lightning lances driven,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">When strive the warriors of the storm,</div> -<div class="verse">And rolls the thunder-drum of heaven—</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_575" id="Page_575">[575]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Child of the sun! to thee ’tis given</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To guard the banner of the free,</div> -<div class="verse">To hover in the <a href="#phrases89" title="List of phrases" id="ref1011">sulphur smoke</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">To ward away the battle-stroke,</div> -<div class="verse">And bid its blendings shine afar,</div> -<div class="verse">Like rainbows on the cloud of war,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The <a href="#phrases89" title="List of phrases" id="ref1012">harbingers of victory</a>!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Flag of the brave! thy folds shall fly,</div> -<div class="verse">The sign of hope and triumph high,</div> -<div class="verse">When speaks the signal trumpet tone,</div> -<div class="verse">And the long line comes gleaming on,</div> -<div class="verse">Ere yet the life-blood, warm and wet,</div> -<div class="verse">Has dimmed the glistening bayonet,</div> -<div class="verse">Each soldier’s eye shall brightly turn</div> -<div class="verse">To where thy <a href="#phrases89" title="List of phrases" id="ref1013">sky-born glories</a> burn;</div> -<div class="verse">And as his springing steps advance,</div> -<div class="verse">Catch war and vengeance from the glance.</div> -<div class="verse">And when the <a href="#phrases89" title="List of phrases" id="ref1014">cannon’s mouthings loud</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Heave in wild wreaths the battle shroud,</div> -<div class="verse">And gory sabers rise and fall,</div> -<div class="verse">Like shoots of flame on midnight’s pall;</div> -<div class="verse">Then shall thy meteor glances glow,</div> -<div class="verse">And cowering foes shall sink below</div> -<div class="verse">Each gallant arm that strikes beneath</div> -<div class="verse">That awful messenger of death.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Flag of the seas! on ocean’s wave</div> -<div class="verse">Thy stars shall glitter o’er the brave;</div> -<div class="verse">When death, careering on the gale,</div> -<div class="verse">Sweeps darkly round the bellied sail,</div> -<div class="verse">And frighted waves rush wildly back</div> -<div class="verse">Before the broadside’s reeling rack,</div> -<div class="verse">Each dying wanderer of the sea</div> -<div class="verse">Shall look at once to heaven and thee,</div> -<div class="verse">And smile to see thy splendors fly</div> -<div class="verse">In triumph o’er his closing eye.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_576" id="Page_576">[576]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Flag of the free heart’s hope and home!</div> -<div class="verse indent1">By angel hands to valor given;</div> -<div class="verse">Thy stars have lit the <a href="#phrases89" title="List of phrases" id="ref1015">welkin dome</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And all thy hues were born in heaven.</div> -<div class="verse">Forever float that standard sheet!</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Where breathes the foe but falls before us,</div> -<div class="verse">With Freedom’s soil beneath our feet,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And Freedom’s banner streaming o’er us?</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Joseph Rodman Drake (1795-1820), whose name is inseparably -associated with that of his friend, Fitz-Greene Halleck, was an American -poet. These two able poets together contributed a series of forty poems to -the <cite>New York Evening Post</cite>. Among these was “The American Flag,” the -last four lines of which were written by Halleck, to replace those written by -Drake:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“As fixed as yonder orb divine,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That saw thy bannered blaze unfurled,</div> -<div class="verse">Shall thy proud stars resplendent shine,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The guard and glory of the world.”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>Drake was a youth of many graces of both mind and body, who wrote -verses as a bird sings—for the pure joy of it. His career was cut short -by death when he was only twenty-five years old. Of him Halleck wrote:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“None knew thee but to love thee,</div> -<div class="verse">Nor named thee but to praise.”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Who is represented as making a flag? 2. How is it -made? 3. What flag is it? 4. What reasons can you see for choosing the -eagle as bearer of this flag? 5. What events are pictured in which the -flag has a part? 6. Note all the names the poet gives to the flag; which of -these do you like best? 7. Can you give other names that are applied -to our flag? 8. What feeling caused this poem to be written? 9. What -lines are the most stirring? 10. Which stanza do you like best?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases89"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref1004">unfurled her standard, 574, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1005">azure robe, 574, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1006">milky baldric, 574, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1007">celestial white, 574, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1008">majestic monarch, 574, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1009">regal form, 574, 14</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1010">tempest-trumpings, 574, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1011">sulphur smoke, 575, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1012">harbingers of victory, 575, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1013">sky-born glories, 575, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1014">cannon’s mouthings loud, 575, 18</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1015">welkin dome, 576, 3</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_577" id="Page_577">[577]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE FLAG GOES BY</h4> - -<p class="author">HENRY H. BENNETT</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Hats off!</div> -<div class="verse">Along the street there comes</div> -<div class="verse">A blare of bugles, a <a href="#phrases90" title="List of phrases" id="ref1016">ruffle of drums</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">A flash of color beneath the sky.</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Hats off!</div> -<div class="verse">The flag is passing by!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Blue and crimson and white it shines,</div> -<div class="verse">Over the <a href="#phrases90" title="List of phrases" id="ref1017">steel-tipped, ordered lines</a>.</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Hats off!</div> -<div class="verse">The colors before us fly;</div> -<div class="verse">But more than the flag is passing by.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Sea fights and land fights, grim and great,</div> -<div class="verse">Fought to make and to save the State;</div> -<div class="verse">Weary marches and sinking ships;</div> -<div class="verse">Cheers of victory on dying lips;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Days of plenty and years of peace;</div> -<div class="verse">March of a <a href="#phrases90" title="List of phrases" id="ref1018">strong land’s swift increase</a>;</div> -<div class="verse">Equal justice, right and law,</div> -<div class="verse">Stately honor and <a href="#phrases90" title="List of phrases" id="ref1019">reverend awe</a>;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Sign of a nation, great and strong</div> -<div class="verse">To ward her people from foreign wrong;</div> -<div class="verse">Pride and glory and honor—all</div> -<div class="verse">Live in the colors to stand or fall.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse indent6">Hats off!</div> -<div class="verse">Along the street there comes</div> -<div class="verse">A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums;</div> -<div class="verse">And loyal hearts are beating high:</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Hats off!</div> -<div class="verse">The flag is passing by!</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_578" id="Page_578">[578]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> 1. Henry Holcomb Bennett (1863-⸺), an American newspaper -writer, was born in Chillicothe, Ohio. He is not only a journalist, -but also a magazine writer and a landscape painter. He has been a frequent -contributor to the <cite>Youth’s Companion</cite>, and to the New York <cite>Independent</cite>. -“The Flag Goes By” is his most popular poem.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What feeling inspires the cry “Hats off!”? 2. What does -the poet mean by “more than a flag is passing”? 3. Name historical events -which illustrate the different references in the third stanza. 4. Explain the -meaning of “march of a strong land’s swift increase.” 5. How could the -flag “ward her people from foreign wrong”? 6. How many of the things -mentioned by the poet do you see when the flag goes by? 7. Do you think -the poem will help you to see more?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases90"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref1016">ruffle of drums, 577, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1017">steel-tipped, ordered lines, 577, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1018">strong land’s swift increase, 577, 17</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1019">reverend awe, 577, 19</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER</h4> - -<p class="author">FRANCIS SCOTT KEY</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O say, can you see, by the dawn’s early light,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">What so proudly we hailed, at the twilight’s last gleaming?</div> -<div class="verse">Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the <a href="#phrases91" title="List of phrases" id="ref1020">perilous fight</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1"><a href="#phrases91" title="List of phrases" id="ref1021">O’er the ramparts</a> we watched, were so gallantly streaming;</div> -<div class="verse">And the rocket’s red glare, the bombs bursting in air,</div> -<div class="verse">Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.</div> -<div class="verse">O say, does that Star-Spangled Banner yet wave</div> -<div class="verse">O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">On that shore, dimly seen through the <a href="#phrases91" title="List of phrases" id="ref1022">mist of the deep</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Where the foe’s haughty host in <a href="#phrases91" title="List of phrases" id="ref1023">dread silence reposes</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">What is that which the breeze, o’er the <a href="#phrases91" title="List of phrases" id="ref1024">towering steep</a>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_579" id="Page_579">[579]</a></span> -<div class="verse">Now it catches the gleam of the morning’s first beam,</div> -<div class="verse">In full glory reflected now shines in the stream;</div> -<div class="verse">’Tis the Star-Spangled Banner; O long may it wave</div> -<div class="verse">O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And where are the foes who so <a href="#phrases91" title="List of phrases" id="ref1025">vauntingly swore</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">That the havoc of war, and the battle’s confusion,</div> -<div class="verse">A home and a country should leave us no more?</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Their blood has washed out their <a href="#phrases91" title="List of phrases" id="ref1026">foul footsteps’ pollution</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">No refuge could save the hireling and slave</div> -<div class="verse">From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave;</div> -<div class="verse">And the Star-Spangled Banner in triumph doth wave</div> -<div class="verse">O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Between their loved homes and the <a href="#phrases91" title="List of phrases" id="ref1027">war’s desolation</a>!</div> -<div class="verse">Blest with victory and peace, may the heaven-rescued land</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Praise the power that hath made and preserved us a nation.</div> -<div class="verse">Then conquer we must, for our cause it is just,</div> -<div class="verse">And this be our motto—“In God is our trust.”</div> -<div class="verse">And the Star-Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave</div> -<div class="verse">O’er the land of the free, and the home of the brave.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biographical and Historical Note.</b> Francis Scott Key (1780-1843), an -American lawyer and poet, was a native of Maryland. “The Star-Spangled -Banner” made him famous.</p> - -<p>The incidents referred to in this poem occurred during the war of 1812. -In August, 1814, a strong force of British entered Washington and burned -the Capitol, the White House, and many other public buildings. On September -13 the British admiral moved his fleet into position to attack Fort -McHenry, near Baltimore. The bombardment lasted all night, but the -fort was so bravely defended that the flag was still floating over it when -morning came. Just before the bombardment began, Francis Scott Key -was sent to the admiral’s frigate to arrange for an exchange of prisoners -and was told to wait until the bombardment was over. All night he -watched the fort and by the first rays of morning light he saw the Stars -and Stripes still waving. Then, in his joy and pride, he wrote the stirring<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_580" id="Page_580">[580]</a></span> -words of the song which is now known and loved by all Americans—“The -Star-Spangled Banner.”</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Relate the incident that called forth the poem. 2. What -“perilous fight” had taken place? 3. Where was the author during the -fight? 4. What had he seen at the “twilight’s last gleaming”? 5. Over what -ramparts was the flag streaming? 6. Which lines suggest why the poet -could not be sure that the flag was still there? 7. What sometimes “gave -proof” to him? 8. What finally disclosed the flag “in full glory”? 9. -What feelings do you think this certainty aroused in the watcher? 10. -Who made up “the foe’s haughty host”? 11. Find words that tell where the -foe was and that he had ceased firing. 12. What “war’s desolation” is -named in the third stanza? 13. What other war songs do you know? 14. -What other country’s national hymn do you know? 15. What purposes does -such a song serve?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases91"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref1020">perilous fight, 578, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1021">o’er the ramparts, 578, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1022">mist of the deep, 578, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1023">dread silence reposes, 578, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1024">towering steep, 578, 11</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1025">vauntingly swore, 579, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1026">foul footsteps’ pollution, 579, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1027">war’s desolation, 579, 14</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>CITIZENSHIP</h4> - -<p class="author">WILLIAM P. FRYE</p> - -<p>Citizenship! What is citizenship? It has a <a href="#phrases92" title="List of phrases" id="ref1028">broader signification</a> -than you and I are apt to give it. Citizenship does not -mean alone that the man who possesses it shall be obedient to the -law, shall be kindly to his neighbors, shall regard the rights of -others, shall perform his <a href="#phrases92" title="List of phrases" id="ref1029">duties as juror</a>, shall, if the hour of peril -come, yield his time, his property, and his life to his country. It -means more than that. It means that his country shall protect -him in every right which the Constitution gives him. What right -has the Republic to demand his life, his property, in the hour of -peril, if, when his hour of peril comes, it fails him? A man died -in England a few years ago, Lord Napier of Magdala, whose death -reminded me of an <a href="#phrases92" title="List of phrases" id="ref1030">incident which illustrates</a> this, an incident -which gave that great lord his name. A few years ago King -Theodore of Abyssinia seized Captain Cameron, a British citizen, -and <a href="#phrases92" title="List of phrases" id="ref1031">incarcerated him</a> in a dungeon on the top of a mountain nine<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_581" id="Page_581">[581]</a></span> -thousand feet high. England demanded his release, and King -Theodore refused. England fitted out and sent on five thousand -English soldiers, and ten thousand Sepoys, debarked them on the -coast, marched them more than four hundred miles through swamp -and morass under a burning sun. Then they marched up the -mountain height, they scaled the walls, they broke down the iron -gates, they reached down into the dungeon, they took that one -British citizen like a <a href="#phrases92" title="List of phrases" id="ref1032">brand from the burning</a> and carried him -down the mountain side, <a href="#phrases92" title="List of phrases" id="ref1033">across the morass</a>, put him on board the -white-winged ship, and bore him away to England to safety. -That cost Great Britain millions of dollars, and it made General -Napier Lord Napier of Magdala.</p> - -<p>Was not that a magnificent thing for a great country to do? -Only think of it! A country that has an eye sharp enough to see -away across the ocean, away across the morass, away up into the -mountain top, away down into the dungeon, one citizen, one of -her thirty millions, and then has an arm strong enough to reach -away across the ocean, away across the morass, away up the -mountain height and down into the dungeon and take that one and -bear him home in safety. Who would not live and die, too, for -the country that can do that? This country of ours is worth our -thought, our care, our labor, our lives. What a magnificent -country it is! What a Republic for the people, where all are -kings! Men of great wealth, of great rank, of great influence can -live without difficulty under <a href="#phrases92" title="List of phrases" id="ref1034">despotic power</a>; but how can you and -I, how can the average man endure the burdens it imposes? Oh, -this blessed Republic of ours stretches its hand down to men, and -lifts them up, while despotism puts its heavy hand on their heads -and presses them down! This blessed Republic of ours speaks to -every boy in the land, black or white, rich or poor, and asks him -to come up higher and higher. You remember that boy out here -on the prairie, the son of a widowed mother, poor, neglected perhaps -by all except the dear old mother. But the Republic did not -neglect him. The Republic said to that boy: “Boy, there is a -ladder: its foot is on the earth, its top is in the sky. Boy, go up.” -And the boy mounted that ladder rung by rung; by the rung of -the free schools, by the rung of the academy, by the rung of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_582" id="Page_582">[582]</a></span> -college, by the rung of splendid service in the United States Army, -by the rung of the United States House of Representatives, by the -rung of the United States Senate, by the rung of the Presidency of -the Great Republic, by the rung of a patient sickness and a heroic -death; until James A. Garfield is a name to be forever honored in -the history of our country.</p> - -<p>Now, is not a Republic like that worth the <a href="#phrases92" title="List of phrases" id="ref1035">tribute of our conscience</a>? -Is it not entitled to our best thought, to our holiest -purpose?</p> - -<p>Let us pledge ourselves to give it our loyal service and support -until every man in this Republic, black or white, shall be protected -in all the rights which the Constitution of the United States -bestows upon him.</p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biographical and Historical Note.</b> William Pierce Frye (1831-1911), an -eminent lawyer and statesman, was born at Lewiston, Maine. He was graduated -from Bowdoin College in 1850, and was a member of Congress from -1871 to 1881, and United States senator for Maine from 1881 to 1911. -After the death of Vice-President Hobart, and also after the death of -President McKinley, he acted as president <i lang="la">pro tempore</i> of the senate.</p> - -<p>The Magdala affair is a striking example of what a country will do to -protect its citizens. Magdala, more properly Makdala, is a natural stronghold -in Abyssinia. The emperor Theodore of Abyssinia chose it as a -fortress and a prison. Having taken offense because a request that English -workmen and machinery be sent him was not promptly complied with, -Theodore seized the British consul, Captain C. D. Cameron, his suite, and -two other men, and imprisoned them at Magdala. Lieutenant-General -Robert Napier was sent to rescue the prisoners. For his services in this -expedition Napier received the thanks of Parliament, a pension, and a -peerage, with the title First Baron Napier of Magdala.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Who are citizens of this country? 2. What is the duty of -a citizen to his country? 3. What is the duty of a country to its citizens? -4. What incident illustrates the difficulties one country overcame in order -to protect a citizen? 5. What does our country do for its citizens? 6. What -illustration of this is given?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases92"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref1028">broader signification, 580, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1029">duties as juror, 580, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1030">incident which illustrates, 580, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1031">incarcerated him, 580, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1032">brand from the burning, 581, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1033">across the morass, 581, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1034">despotic power, 581, 25</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1035">tribute of our conscience, 582, 7</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_583" id="Page_583">[583]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE CHARACTER OF WASHINGTON</h4> - -<p class="author">THOMAS JEFFERSON</p> - -<p>I think I knew General Washington intimately and thoroughly, -and were I called on to delineate his character, it should -be in terms like these:</p> - -<p>His mind was great and powerful, without being of the very -first order; <a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1036">his penetration strong</a>, though not so acute as that of -a Newton, Bacon, or Locke, and as far as he saw, no judgment -was ever sounder. It was slow in operation, being little aided by -<a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1037">invention or imagination</a>, but sure in conclusion. Hence the common -remark of his officers, of the advantage he derived from -councils of war, where, hearing all suggestions, he selected whatever -was best; and certainly no general ever planned his battles -more judiciously. But if <a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1038">deranged during the course</a> of the action, -if any member of his plan was <a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1039">dislocated by sudden circumstances</a>, -he was slow in readjustment. The consequence was that he often -failed in the field, and rarely against an enemy in station, as at -Boston and New York. He was incapable of fear, meeting personal -dangers with the calmest unconcern.</p> - -<p>Perhaps the strongest feature in his character was prudence; -never acting until every circumstance, every consideration, was -maturely weighed; refraining if he saw a doubt, but, when once -decided, going through with his purpose whatever <a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1040">obstacles opposed</a>. -His integrity was most pure, his justice the most inflexible -I have ever known, no motives of <a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1041">interest or consanguinity</a>, -of friendship, or hatred, being able to <a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1042">bias his decision</a>. He was, -indeed, in every sense of the words, a wise, a good, and a great -man. His temper was naturally irritable and high-toned; but -reflection and resolution had obtained a firm and <a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1043">habitual ascendancy</a> -over it. If ever, however, it broke its bounds, he was most -tremendous in his wrath.</p> - -<p>In his expenses he was honorable, but exact; <a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1044">liberal in contribution</a> -to whatever promised utility, but frowning and unyielding<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_584" id="Page_584">[584]</a></span> -on all <a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1045">visionary projects</a> and all unworthy calls on his charity. -His heart was not warm in its affections; but he exactly calculated -every man’s value, and gave him a <a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1046">solid esteem proportioned</a> to it. -His person, you know, was fine, his stature exactly what one could -wish, his deportment easy, erect, and noble; the best horseman of -his age, and the most graceful figure that could be seen on horseback.</p> - -<p>Although in the circle of his friends, where he might be unreserved -with safety, he took a free share in conversation, his colloquial -talents were not above mediocrity, possessing neither -copiousness of ideas nor fluency of words. In public, when called -on for a sudden opinion, he was unready, short, and embarrassed. -Yet he wrote readily, <a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1047">rather diffusely</a>, in an easy and correct -style. This he had acquired by conversation with the world, for -his education was merely reading, writing, and common arithmetic, -to which he added surveying at a later day.</p> - -<p>His time was employed in action chiefly, reading little, and -that only in agriculture and English history. His correspondence -became necessarily extensive, and, with journalizing his agricultural -proceedings, occupied most of his leisure hours within-doors.</p> - -<p>On the whole, his character was, in its mass, perfect, in nothing -bad, in few points indifferent; and it may truly be said that never -did nature and fortune combine more perfectly to make a man -great, and to place him in the same constellation with whatever -worthies have merited from man an everlasting remembrance.</p> - -<p>For his was the singular destiny and merit of leading the -armies of his country successfully through an <a href="#phrases93" title="List of phrases" id="ref1048">arduous war</a> for the -establishment of its independence; of conducting its councils -through the birth of a government, new in its forms and principles, -until it had settled down into a quiet and orderly train; -and of scrupulously obeying the laws through the whole of his -career, civil and military, of which the history of the world furnishes -no other example.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_585" id="Page_585">[585]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), a native of Virginia, was -Governor of Virginia, Minister to France, Secretary of State in Washington’s -Cabinet, Vice-President, and President. He wrote the Declaration -of Independence and was the founder of the University of Virginia. Jefferson -was a ripe scholar, a good violinist, a skillful horseman, and an accurate -marksman with a rifle. His influence was clearly felt in the framing of the -Constitution, though he was in France at that time. His speeches were -sound in policy and clear in statement.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. What peculiarly fitted Jefferson to describe the character -of Washington? 2. What conflict gave Washington an opportunity to show -his greatness? 3. How had Washington’s life prepared him to take advantage -of his opportunities? 4. Name the qualities, as given by Jefferson, -that made Washington so great a leader. 5. How did he show prudence? -Integrity? Justice? 6. From your readings can you give any instance in -which he showed fearlessness? 7. How did he show sureness in judgment? -8. What, in Jefferson’s opinion, was the strongest feature of Washington’s -character? 9. How does Jefferson summarize his estimate of Washington? -10. What quality especially characteristic of Lincoln is not mentioned in -this estimate, because it was lacking in Washington? 11. Give a summary -of the things Washington accomplished. 12. What part of this characterization -of Washington impressed you most. 13. Which of the qualities mentioned -would you most wish to possess?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases93"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref1036">his penetration strong, 583, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1037">invention or imagination, 583, 8</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1038">deranged during the course, 583, 12</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1039">dislocated by sudden circumstances, 583, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1040">obstacles opposed, 583, 21</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1041">interest or consanguinity, 583, 23</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1042">bias his decision, 583, 24</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1043">habitual ascendancy, 583, 27</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1044">liberal in contribution, 583, 30</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1045">visionary projects, 584, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1046">solid esteem proportioned, 584, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1047">rather diffusely, 584, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1048">arduous war, 584, 27</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_586" id="Page_586">[586]</a></span></p> - -<h4>THE TWENTY-SECOND OF FEBRUARY</h4> - -<p class="author">WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Pale is the February sky</div> -<div class="verse">And brief the mid-day’s sunny hours;</div> -<div class="verse">The wind-swept forest seems to sigh</div> -<div class="verse">For the sweet time of leaves and flowers.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Yet has no month a prouder day,</div> -<div class="verse">Not even when the <a href="#phrases94" title="List of phrases" id="ref1049">summer broods</a></div> -<div class="verse">O’er meadows in their <a href="#phrases94" title="List of phrases" id="ref1050">fresh array</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Or autumn tints the glowing woods.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">For this chill season now again</div> -<div class="verse">Brings, in its annual round, the morn</div> -<div class="verse">When, greatest of the sons of men,</div> -<div class="verse">Our glorious Washington was born.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Lo, where, beneath an <a href="#phrases94" title="List of phrases" id="ref1051">icy shield</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">Calmly the mighty Hudson flows!</div> -<div class="verse">By <a href="#phrases94" title="List of phrases" id="ref1052">snow-clad fell</a> and frozen field,</div> -<div class="verse">Broadening, the lordly river goes.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The wildest storm that sweeps through space,</div> -<div class="verse">And rends the oak with sudden force,</div> -<div class="verse">Can raise no ripple on his face</div> -<div class="verse">Or slacken his <a href="#phrases94" title="List of phrases" id="ref1053">majestic course</a>.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Thus, <a href="#phrases94" title="List of phrases" id="ref1054">’mid the wreck of thrones</a>, shall live</div> -<div class="verse">Unmarred, undimmed, our hero’s fame,</div> -<div class="verse">And years succeeding years shall give</div> -<div class="verse">Increase of honors to his name.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_587" id="Page_587">[587]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_41">see page 41</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. How does the poet describe a day in February? 2. Why -has “no month a prouder day”? 3. Whose birthday occurs on the twenty-second -of February? 4. Do you know any other great man whose birthday -comes in February? 5. Give in your own words the comparison of “the -mighty Hudson” and the fame of Washington. 6. Do you know of some -interesting incident in Washington’s life? 7. In the last stanza the poet -speaks of wrecked thrones; what thrones can you name that were wrecked -during the Great War?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases94"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref1049">summer broods, 586, 6</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1050">fresh array, 586, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1051">icy shield, 586, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1052">snow-clad fell, 586, 15</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1053">majestic course, 586, 20</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1054">’mid the wreck of thrones, 586, 21</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>ABRAHAM LINCOLN</h4> - -<p class="author">RICHARD HENRY STODDARD</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">This man whose homely face you look upon,</div> -<div class="verse">Was one of Nature’s masterful great men;</div> -<div class="verse">Born with strong arms that <a href="#phrases95" title="List of phrases" id="ref1055">unfought victories won</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">Direct of speech, and cunning with the pen,</div> -<div class="verse">Chosen for <a href="#phrases95" title="List of phrases" id="ref1056">large designs</a>, he had the art</div> -<div class="verse">Of winning with his humor, and he went</div> -<div class="verse">Straight to his mark, which was the human heart.</div> -<div class="verse">Wise, too, for what he could not break, he bent;</div> -<div class="verse">Upon his back, a more than <a href="#phrases95" title="List of phrases" id="ref1057">Atlas load</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">The <a href="#phrases95" title="List of phrases" id="ref1058">burden of the Commonwealth</a> was laid;</div> -<div class="verse">He stooped and rose up with it, though the road</div> -<div class="verse">Shot suddenly downwards, <a href="#phrases95" title="List of phrases" id="ref1059">not a whit dismayed</a>.</div> -<div class="verse">Hold, warriors, councilors, kings! All now give place</div> -<div class="verse">To this dead Benefactor of the Race.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_588" id="Page_588">[588]</a></span></p> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> Richard Henry Stoddard (1825-1903), the son of a sea -captain, was born at Hingham, Mass. After the death of his father he -moved with his mother to New York City, where, after a short school life, -he began work in an iron foundry. He and Bayard Taylor became warm -friends, meeting once a week to talk of literary matters. His characterization -of Lincoln is regarded as a classic. He wrote both prose and poetry -and became noted as a literary critic. He is the author of “Homes and -Haunts of Our Elder Poets.”</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Tell what you can of the author, noting anything in his -life that was common to that of Lincoln. 2. Name the qualities that the -poet says made Lincoln “one of Nature’s masterpieces.” 3. What does -“homely” mean as used in the first line? 4. From your study of pictures -of Lincoln what other words can you suggest to describe his features? 5. -Explain the meaning of “cunning with the pen.” 6. Repeat any of Lincoln’s -famous sayings you know. 7. What does the eighth line tell you of -Lincoln’s character? 8. How did his humor help him to win? 9. Why -was the “burden of the Commonwealth” so great and why was it laid on -his shoulders? 10. Toward what did the road tend “suddenly downward,” -and how did Lincoln meet the situation created by Secession? 11. What -reasons can you give for calling him a “Benefactor of the Race”? 12. -Compare the achievements of Lincoln with those of Washington. 13. -Which do you think the better description, that written by Stoddard or -that by Jefferson?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases95"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref1055">unfought victories won, 587, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1056">large designs, 587, 5</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1057">Atlas load, 587, 9</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1058">burden of the Commonwealth, 587, 10</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1059">not a whit dismayed, 587, 12</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<h4>O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN!</h4> - -<p class="author">WALT WHITMAN</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,</div> -<div class="verse">The ship has <a href="#phrases96" title="List of phrases" id="ref1060">weather’d every rack</a>, the prize we sought is won,</div> -<div class="verse">The port is near, the bells I hear, the people <a href="#phrases96" title="List of phrases" id="ref1061">all exulting</a>,</div> -<div class="verse">While follow eyes the <a href="#phrases96" title="List of phrases" id="ref1062">steady keel</a>, the vessel grim and daring;</div> -<div class="verse indent4">But O heart! heart! heart!</div> -<div class="verse indent5">O the bleeding drops of red,</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Where on the deck my Captain lies,</div> -<div class="verse indent7">Fallen cold and dead.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_589" id="Page_589">[589]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;</div> -<div class="verse">Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills.</div> -<div class="verse">For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding,</div> -<div class="verse">For you they call, the <a href="#phrases96" title="List of phrases" id="ref1063">swaying mass</a>, their eager faces turning;</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Here, Captain! dear father!</div> -<div class="verse indent5">This arm beneath your head!</div> -<div class="verse indent6">It is some dream that on the deck</div> -<div class="verse indent7">You’ve fallen cold and dead.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still,</div> -<div class="verse">My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,</div> -<div class="verse">The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done,</div> -<div class="verse">From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Exult, O shores! and ring, O bells!</div> -<div class="verse indent5">But I with mournful tread</div> -<div class="verse indent6">Walk the deck my Captain lies,</div> -<div class="verse indent7">Fallen cold and dead.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p>For Biography, <a href="#Page_556">see page 556</a>.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Tell what you know of the poet that fitted him to write -of Lincoln’s character and achievements. 2. In this poem the Union is -compared to a ship; who is the captain of the ship? 3. What fate befalls -the captain, and at what stage of the voyage? 4. What “port” has been -reached? 5. What is “the prize we sought and won”? 6. Point out words -of rejoicing and of sorrow in the last stanza. 7. What parts of the poem -impress you with the deep personal grief of the poet? 8. This poem put -into words the nation’s deep grief at the time of Lincoln’s death; do you -think this accounts for the wide popularity of the poem? 9. Read Whitman’s -poem, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed,” describing the -journey of the train bearing the body of the martyred President from -Washington to Springfield, Illinois.</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases96"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref1060">weather’d every rack, 588, 2</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1061">all exulting, 588, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1062">steady keel, 588, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1063">swaying mass, 589, 4</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_590" id="Page_590">[590]</a></span></p> - -<h4>IN FLANDERS FIELDS</h4> - -<p class="author">LIEUT. COL. JOHN D. McCRAE</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">In Flanders fields the <a href="#phrases97" title="List of phrases" id="ref1064">poppies blow</a></div> -<div class="verse">Between the crosses, row on row,</div> -<div class="verse">That <a href="#phrases97" title="List of phrases" id="ref1065">mark our place</a>; and in the sky</div> -<div class="verse">The larks still bravely singing fly,</div> -<div class="verse">Scarce heard amidst the guns below.</div> -<div class="verse">We are the dead. Short days ago</div> -<div class="verse">We lived, <a href="#phrases97" title="List of phrases" id="ref1066">felt dawn</a>, saw sunset glow,</div> -<div class="verse">Loved and were loved, and now we lie</div> -<div class="verse indent5">In Flanders fields.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Take up our quarrel with the foe!</div> -<div class="verse">To you from <a href="#phrases97" title="List of phrases" id="ref1067">falling hands</a> we throw</div> -<div class="verse">The torch. Be yours to hold it high!</div> -<div class="verse">If ye break faith with us who die,</div> -<div class="verse">We shall not sleep, though poppies grow</div> -<div class="verse indent5">In Flanders fields.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> John D. McCrae, a physician of Montreal, was made a -Lieutenant Colonel in the Canadian Army and went overseas early in the -war. He died of pneumonia at the front in January, 1918. This beautiful -poem, was written by him during the second battle of Ypres, April, 1915.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Tell in your own words the scene which the poet describes -in the first five lines. 2. Of what is the poppy a symbol? 3. What does -the poet bid us do? 4. What do you think was the motive which inspired -Lieutenant Colonel McCrae to write this poem?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases97"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref1064">poppies blow, 590, 1</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1065">mark our place, 590, 3</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1066">felt dawn, 590, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1067">falling hands, 590, 11</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_591" id="Page_591">[591]</a></span></p> - -<h4>AMERICA’S ANSWER</h4> - -<p class="author">R. W. LILLARD</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Rest ye in peace, ye Flanders dead.</div> -<div class="verse">The fight that ye so bravely led</div> -<div class="verse">We’ve taken up. And we will keep</div> -<div class="verse"><a href="#phrases98" title="List of phrases" id="ref1068">True faith</a> with you who lie asleep</div> -<div class="verse">With each a cross to mark his bed,</div> -<div class="verse">And poppies blowing overhead,</div> -<div class="verse">Where once his own <a href="#phrases98" title="List of phrases" id="ref1069">lifeblood</a> ran red.</div> -<div class="verse">So let your rest be sweet and deep</div> -<div class="verse indent6">In Flanders fields.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Fear not that ye have died for naught.</div> -<div class="verse">The torch ye threw to us we caught.</div> -<div class="verse">Ten million hands will hold it high,</div> -<div class="verse">And <a href="#phrases98" title="List of phrases" id="ref1070">Freedom’s light</a> shall never die!</div> -<div class="verse">We’ve <a href="#phrases98" title="List of phrases" id="ref1071">learned the lesson</a> that ye taught</div> -<div class="verse indent6">In Flanders fields.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="notes"> - -<h5>NOTES AND QUESTIONS</h5> - -<p><b>Biography.</b> “America’s Answer” was written by R. W. Lillard of New -York City after the death of Lieutenant Colonel McCrae, the author of -“In Flanders Fields.” It was printed in the <cite>New York Evening Post</cite> as a -fitting response to the sentiment expressed in Dr. McCrae’s poem.</p> - -<p><b>Discussion.</b> 1. Why does the poet say that the “Flanders dead” may now -rest in peace? 2. Who took up the struggle? 3. Why does the poet say -that the heroes of Flanders have not “died for naught”? 4. Do you think -this poem is as stirring as the one that precedes it?</p> - -<p class="center" id="phrases98"><b>Phrases</b></p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li><a href="#ref1068">true faith, 591, 4</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1069">lifeblood, 591, 7</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1070">Freedom’s light, 591, 13</a></li> -<li><a href="#ref1071">learned the lesson, 591, 14</a></li> -</ul> -</div> - -</div> - -<hr /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_592" id="Page_592">[592]</a></span></p> - -<h2 id="GLOSSARY">GLOSSARY</h2> - -<p class="center">KEY TO THE SOUNDS OF MARKED VOWELS</p> - -<div class="list-container"> -<ul> -<li>ā as in ate</li> -<li>ă as in bat</li> -<li>â as in care</li> -<li>ȧ as in ask</li> -<li>ä as in arm</li> -<li>a᷵ as in senate</li> -<li>e᷵ as in event</li> -<li>ẽ as in maker</li> -<li>ē as in eve</li> -<li>ĕ as in met</li> -<li>ī as in kind</li> -<li>ĭ as in pin</li> -<li>ō as in note</li> -<li>ŏ as in not</li> -<li>ô as in or</li> -<li>o᷵ as in obey</li> -<li>ū as in use</li> -<li>ŭ as in cut</li> -<li>û as in turn</li> -<li>u᷵ as in unite</li> -<li>o̅o̅ as in food</li> -<li>o͡o as in foot</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<div class="glossary"> - -<p><b>a-banˈdon</b> (ȧ-bănˈdŭn), to leave, quit.</p> - -<p><b>a-baseˈment</b> (ȧ-bāseˈmĕnt), humiliation, shame.</p> - -<p><b>a-batˈed</b> (ȧ-bātˈĕd), reduced, decreased.</p> - -<p><b>abˈbess</b> (ăbˈĕs), head of a convent.</p> - -<p><b>abˈbey</b> (ăbˈī), the church of a monastery, convent.</p> - -<p><b>Abˌer-deenˈshire</b> (ăbˌẽr-dēnˈshẽr), a county in northeastern Scotland.</p> - -<p><b>Abˌer-dourˈ</b> (ăbˌẽr-do̅o̅rˈ), same as Abˌ-er-deenˈ, a city in Scotland.</p> - -<p><b>abˈdi-cate</b> (ăbˈdĭ-kāt), to surrender, abandon.</p> - -<p><b>ab-horˈrence</b> (ăb-hôrˈĕns), extreme hatred.</p> - -<p><b>a-bideˈ</b> (ȧ-bīdˈ), to entrust.</p> - -<p><b>a-bodeˈ</b> (ȧ-bōdˈ), residence, dwelling.</p> - -<p><b>a-bom-i-naˈtion</b> (ȧ-bŏm-ĭ-nāˈshŭn), disgust, hatred.</p> - -<p><b>a-booneˈ</b> (ȧ-bo̅o̅nˈ), Scotch for <b>above</b>.</p> - -<p><b>abˌo-rigˈi-nes</b> (ăbˌō-rĭjˈĭ-nēz), native races.</p> - -<p><b>ab-ruptˈ</b> (ăb-rŭptˈ), very steep, rough, sudden.</p> - -<p><b>abˈso-lute</b> (ăbˈsō-lūt), clear, positive; owned solely.</p> - -<p><b>ab-sorbedˈ</b> (ăb-sôrbdˈ), swallowed up.</p> - -<p><b>ab-stracˈtion</b> (ăb-străkˈshŭn), separation.</p> - -<p><b>ab-surdˈ</b> (ăb-sŭrdˈ), ridiculous.</p> - -<p><b>a-byssˈ</b> (ȧ-bĭsˈ), a bottomless pit.</p> - -<p><b>a-byssˈ of the whirl</b> (ȧ-bĭsˈ), great depth of the whirlpool.</p> - -<p><b>Abˌys-sinˈi-a</b> (ăbˌĭ-sĭnˈĭ-ȧ), a country in East Africa.</p> - -<p><b>A-caˈdi-a</b> (ȧ-kāˈdĭ-ȧ), the original French, and now poetic, name of Nova Scotia.</p> - -<p><b>acˈcess</b> (ăkˈsĕs; ăk-sĕsˈ), admission.</p> - -<p><b>ac-comˈpa-nied</b> (ă-kŭmˈpȧ-nĭd), went with.</p> - -<p><b>ac-cordˈ</b> (ă-kôrdˈ), agreement of will, assent, blend.</p> - -<p><b>ac-cordˈing-ly</b> (ă-kôrdˈĭng-lĭ), consequently, so.</p> - -<p><b>ac-countˈa-ble</b> (ă-kounˈtȧ-b’l), responsible.</p> - -<p><b>ac-countˈant</b> (ă-kountˈănt), one skilled in keeping accounts.</p> - -<p><b>ac-cuˌmu-laˈtion</b> (ă-kūˌmū-lāˈshŭn), collection.</p> - -<p><b>acˌcu-saˈtion</b> (ăkˌu᷵-zāˈshŭn), the charge of an offense or crime.</p> - -<p><b>ac-cusˈtomed</b> (ă-kŭsˈtŭmd), wont, used.</p> - -<p><b>a-chieveˈ</b> (ȧ-chēvˈ), achieve your adventure, do your favor.</p> - -<p><b>A-chilˈles</b> (ȧ-kĭlˈēz), the central hero in the <b>Iliad</b>. See Elson Reader, Book II.</p> - -<p><b>ac-quireˈ</b> (ă-kwīrˈ), gain.</p> - -<p><b>a-cuˈmen</b> (ȧ-kūˈmĕn), keenness, shrewdness.</p> - -<p><b>adˈage</b> (ădˈăj), an old saying.</p> - -<p><b>adˌa-manˈtine</b> (ȧdˌȧ-mănˈtĭn), impenetrable, hard.</p> - -<p><b>a-daptˈing</b> (ȧ-dăptˈĭng), fitting, adjusting.</p> - -<p><b>adˈder</b> (ădˈẽr), a kind of snake.</p> - -<p><b>ad-dressˈ</b> (ă-drĕsˈ), skill, tact; to make a speech.</p> - -<p><b>adˈe-quate</b> (ădˈe᷵-kwa᷵t), sufficient.</p> - -<p><b>ad-herˈence</b> (ăd-hērˈĕns), steady attachment, fidelity.</p> - -<p><b>ad-herˈent</b> (ăd-hērˈĕnt), follower.</p> - -<p><b>a-dieuˈ</b> (ȧ-dūˈ), farewell, good-by.</p> - -<p><b>ad-jaˈcent</b> (ă-jāˈsĕnt), near by.</p> - -<p><b>ad-justˈ</b> (ă-jŭstˈ), to arrange.</p> - -<p><b>ad-minˈis-ter</b> (ăd-mĭnˈĭs-tẽr), to apply, serve out.</p> - -<p><b>ad-minˌis-traˈtion</b> (ăd-mĭnˌĭs-trāˈshŭn), management of public affairs.</p> - -<p><b>adˈmi-ra-ble</b> (ădˈmĭ-ra᷵-b’l), wonderful, marvelous.</p> - -<p><b>adˈmi-ral</b> (ădˈmĭ-răl), a naval officer of the highest rank.</p> - -<p><b>a-dornˈ</b> (ȧ-dôrnˈ), to set off to advantage, beautify, decorate.</p> - -<p><b>a-dornˈment of all India</b> (ȧ-dôrnˈmĕnt), a flattering phrase—one that helps to beautify India.</p> - -<p><b>a-droitˈness in traffic</b> (ȧ-droitˈnĕs, trăfˈĭk), skill in bargaining or commerce.</p> - -<p><b>ad-vanceˈ</b> (ăd-vănsˈ), offer, set forth.</p> - -<p><b>adˌvan-taˈgeous-ly</b> (ădˌvăn-tāˈjŭs-lĭ), beneficially.</p> - -<p><b>ad-venˈture</b> (ăd-vĕnˈtu᷵r), undertaking.</p> - -<p><b>ad-venˈtur-ous</b> (ăd-vĕnˈtu᷵r-ŭs), daring.</p> - -<p><b>adˈver-sa-ries</b> (ădˈvẽr-sa᷵-rĭz), foes, opponents.</p> - -<p><b>adˈverse</b> (ădˈvẽrs), unfavorable.</p> - -<p><b>ad-vertˈ</b> (ăd-vûrtˈ), to refer, allude.</p> - -<p><b>ad-visˈa-ble</b> (ăd-vīzˈȧ-b’l), desirable.</p> - -<p><b>adˈvo-cate</b> (ădˈvō-ka᷵t), counselor, one who pleads for another.</p> - -<p><b>a-eˈri-al</b> (ā-ēˈrĭ-ăl), airy, pertaining to air</p> - -<p><b>af-fectˈed</b> (ă-fĕktˈĕd), fancied; laid hold of.</p> - -<p><b>af-fectsˈ so many genˈer-ous senˈti-ments</b> (ă-fĕktsˈ; jĕnˈẽr-ŭs; sĕnˈtĭ-mĕnts), assumes so many noble feelings.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_593" id="Page_593">[593]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>af-frontˈed</b> (ă-frŭnˈtĕd), provoked, nettled.</p> - -<p><b>aft</b> (ȧft), toward the rear part of a vessel.</p> - -<p><b>Agˈas-siz</b> (ăgˈȧ-se᷵).</p> - -<p><b>aˈged</b> (āˈjĕd), old.</p> - -<p><b>agˈgra-vatˌed</b> (ăgˈgrȧ-vātˌĕd), added to, magnified.</p> - -<p><b>ag-gresˈsion</b> (ă-grĕshˈŭn), an unprovoked attack, invasion.</p> - -<p><b>a-ghastˈ</b> (a-gȧstˈ), amazed, astounded.</p> - -<p><b>agˈile</b> (ăjˈĭl), lively.</p> - -<p><b>agˌi-taˈtion</b> (ăjˌī-tāˈshŭn), a stirring up or arousing commotion.</p> - -<p><b>Agˈra-vaine</b> (ăgˈrȧ-vān).</p> - -<p><b>a-greeˈ</b> (ȧ-grēˈ), be in accord.</p> - -<p><b>aˈgue</b> (ȧˈgū), chill.</p> - -<p><b>aidˈde-camp</b> (ādˈde᷵-kămp, ādˈdē-kän), an officer who assists a general in correspondence and in directing movements.</p> - -<p><b>alˈa-basˌte</b>r (ălˈȧ-bȧsˌtẽr), white stone resembling marble.</p> - -<p><b>alˌ-beˈit</b> (ălˌbēˈĭt), although.</p> - -<p><b>Al-giersˈ</b> (ăl-jērzˈ), seaport in Africa.</p> - -<p><b>Al-hamˈbra</b> (ăl-hămˈbrȧ), the fortress, palace, or alcazar, of the Moorish kings.</p> - -<p><b>alˈien</b> (ālˈyĕn), foreign, strange.</p> - -<p><b>A-li-eˈna</b> (ā-lĭ-ēˈnä).</p> - -<p><b>al-leˈgiance</b> (ă-lēˈjăns), loyalty, allegiance merely nominal, loyalty so-called, not real.</p> - -<p><b>al-legˈing</b> (ă-lĕjˈĭng), declaring, asserting.</p> - -<p><b>al-litˌer-aˈtion</b> (ă-lĭtˌẽr-āˈshŭn), repetition of the same letter or sound at the beginning of two or more words immediately -succeeding each other.</p> - -<p><b>al-lotˈment</b> (ă-lŏtˈmĕnt), share by chance.</p> - -<p><b>al-lowˈance</b> (ă-lŏwˈăns), share.</p> - -<p><b>al-ludeˈ</b> (ă-lūdˈ), refer, hint.</p> - -<p><b>al-luˈsion</b> (ă-lūˈzhŭn), indirect reference, hint.</p> - -<p><b>al-lyˈ</b> (ă-līˈ), partner, relative.</p> - -<p><b>Almesˈbury</b> (ämzˈbẽr-ĭ).</p> - -<p><b>alms</b> (ämz), charity.</p> - -<p><b>a-loftˈ</b> (ȧ-lŏftˈ), to the mast head, overhead.</p> - -<p><b>a-loofˈ</b> (ä-lo̅o̅fˈ), apart.</p> - -<p><b>al-terˈnate</b> (ăl-tûrˈna᷵t; ălˈtẽr-nāt), by turns.</p> - -<p><b>al-terˈna-tive</b> (ăl-tûrˈnä-tĭv), choice.</p> - -<p><b>amˌa-teurˈ in-specˈtion</b> (ămˌȧ-tûrˈ ĭn-spĕkˈshŭn), -not professional inspection.</p> - -<p><b>amature</b>, dialect for <b>amˌa-teurˈ</b> (ămˌȧ-tûrˈ), a beginner, not a professional.</p> - -<p><b>Amˌa-zoˈni-an</b> (ămˌȧ-zōˈnĭ-ăn), of or pertaining to the river Amazon.</p> - -<p><b>Amˌba-arˈen</b> (ămˌbȧ-ärˈĕn).</p> - -<p><b>ambitious projects</b>, schemes for greater power.</p> - -<p><b>amˈbush</b> (ămˈbo͡osh), concealed place, snare.</p> - -<p><b>a-mendˈ</b> (ȧ-mĕndˈ), make better, give back.</p> - -<p><b>aˈmi-a-ble</b> (āˈmĭ-ȧ-b’l), friendly.</p> - -<p><b>a-midˈships</b> (ȧ-mĭdˈshĭps), in the middle of a ship.</p> - -<p><b>amˈi-ty</b> (ămˈĭ-tĭ), friendship.</p> - -<p><b>amˈo-rou</b>s (ămˈō-rŭs), loving.</p> - -<p><b>aˌmoursˈ</b> (ȧˌmo̅o̅rzˈ), loves.</p> - -<p><b>Am-phicˈty-on</b> (ăm-fĭkˈtĭ-ŏn), an assembly of deputies from the different states of Greece.</p> - -<p><b>anˌa-conˈda</b> (ănˌȧ-kŏnˈdȧ), a large snake.</p> - -<p><b>a-natˈo-my</b> (ă-nătˈō-mĭ), the science which treats of the structure of the body.</p> - -<p><b>Anˈdre</b>, <b>Major</b> (änˈdra᷵), a British officer in the Revolutionary War who was arrested at Tarrytown and executed as a spy.</p> - -<p><b>anˈec-dote</b> (ănˈĕk-dōt), particular incident or fact of an interesting nature.</p> - -<p><b>an-gelˈic kinˈdred</b> (ăn-jĕlˈĭk kĭnˈdrĕd), heavenly relationship.</p> - -<p><b>anˈguish</b> (ănˈgwĭsh), agony, distress.</p> - -<p><b>anˈi-mate</b> (ănˈĭ-māt), to enliven, inspire.</p> - -<p><b>anˈkus</b> (ănˈkŭs), an elephant goad.</p> - -<p><b>Anˈnoure</b> (ănˈōr), a sorceress of King Arthur’s time.</p> - -<p><b>an-nulˈ</b> (ăn-nŭlˈ), to cancel, abolish.</p> - -<p><b>a-nonˈ</b> (ȧ-nŏnˈ), soon.</p> - -<p><b>An-taeˈus</b> (ăn-tēˈŭs), a son of Poseidon. He was of gigantic size and strength, and grew stronger as long as he touched his mother Earth.</p> - -<p><b>an-tagˈo-nist</b> (ăn-tăgˈō-nĭst), opponent.</p> - -<p><b>anˈte</b> (ănˈte᷵), to put up.</p> - -<p><b>anˈthem</b> (ănˈthĕm), a song of praise.</p> - -<p><b>an-ticˈi-pate</b> (ăn-tĭsˈĭ-pāt), to have a previous view of what is to happen.</p> - -<p><b>anˈti-quatˌed</b> (ănˈtĭ-kwātˌĕd), old fashioned.</p> - -<p><b>anˈvil</b> (ănˈvĭl), a block usually of iron, steel faced, and of characteristic shape, on which metal is shaped as by hammering or forging.</p> - -<p><b>apˈa-thy</b> (ăpˈȧ-thĭ), lack of feeling.</p> - -<p><b>aˈpex</b> (āˈpĕks), summit, point.</p> - -<p><b>apˈing</b> (āpˈĭng), mimicing, imitating.</p> - -<p><b>a-pocˌa-lypˈti-cal</b> (ȧ-pŏkˌȧ-lĭpˈtĭ-kăl), revealing.</p> - -<p><b>a-posˈtle</b> (ȧ-pŏsˈ’l), one of the twelve disciples of Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and sent forth to preach the gospel.</p> - -<p><b>apˌos-tolˈic</b> (ȧpˌŏs-tŏlˈĭk), like one having a great mission.</p> - -<p><b>ap-pallˈing</b> (ă-pôlˈĭng), fearful, unusual.</p> - -<p><b>ap-parˈel</b> (ă-părˈĕl), clothing.</p> - -<p><b>ap-parˈent</b> (ă-pârˈĕnt), easily seen, seeming.</p> - -<p><b>apˌpa-riˈtion</b> (ăpˌȧ-rĭshˈŭn), ghost.</p> - -<p><b>apˌper-tainˈing</b> (ăpˌẽr-tānˈĭng), belonging to.</p> - -<p><b>apˈpli-ca-ble</b> (ăpˈlĭ-kȧ-b’l), suitable.</p> - -<p><b>ap-preˌci-aˈtion</b> (ă-prēˌshĭ-āˈshūn), valuation, estimate.</p> - -<p><b>apˌpre-hendˈ</b> (ăpˌre᷵-hĕndˈ), fear; seize.</p> - -<p><b>apˌpre-henˈsion</b> (ăpˌre᷵-hĕnˈshŭn), distrust, suspicion, fear.</p> - -<p><b>apˌpre-henˈsive</b> (ăpˌre᷵-hĕnˈsĭv), quick to learn or grasp.</p> - -<p><b>ap-proachˈ</b> (ă-prōchˈ), to draw near to stealthily.</p> - -<p><b>apˌpro-baˈtion</b> (ăpˌrō-bāˈshŭn), liking.</p> - -<p><b>apt</b> (ăpt), suitable.</p> - -<p><b>aptness to acts of violence</b>, tending to commit deeds of violence, tendency to kill.</p> - -<p><b>Arˈa-bic</b> (ărˈȧ-bĭk), the Arabs’ language.</p> - -<p><b>arˈbi-tra-ry</b> (ärˈbĭ-tra᷵-rĭ), irresponsible.</p> - -<p><b>arˈbu-tus</b> (ärˈbu᷵-tŭs; är-būˈtŭs), a small trailing plant having fragrant flowers.</p> - -<p><b>Arˌca-bu-ceˈro</b> (ärˌkä-bo̅o̅-thāˈrō), a soldier armed with firearms of the middle fifteenth century.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_594" id="Page_594">[594]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>arˈchi-tect</b> (ärˈkĭ-tĕkt), master builder, designer.</p> - -<p><b>arˈchi-tecˌture</b> (ärˈkĭ-tĕkˌtu᷵r), art or science of building.</p> - -<p><b>arˈdent</b> (ärˈdĕnt), fervent, glowing.</p> - -<p><b>arˈdor</b> (ärˈdẽr), heat, zeal.</p> - -<p><b>arˈdu-ous</b> (ärˈdu᷵-ŭs), hard, difficult.</p> - -<p><b>arˈgent</b> (ärˈjĕnt), silver.</p> - -<p><b>A-riˈca</b> (ä-rĕˈkä), in Chile.</p> - -<p><b>Aˈri-el</b> (āˈrĭ-ĕl).</p> - -<p><b>Ar-maˈda</b> (är-māˈdä), a fleet; especially the great Spanish fleet defeated by England in 1588.</p> - -<p><b>ar-maˈdos</b> (är-māˈdōs), large ships, battleships.</p> - -<p><b>arˈmor-er</b> (ärˈmẽr-ẽr), one who cleans and repairs the small arms or iron parts on a ship.</p> - -<p><b>arms at the trail</b>, a military term, rifles carried at side in horizontal position.</p> - -<p><b>arˈrack</b> (ărˈăk), liquor made from rice, or molasses, or the sap of palms.</p> - -<p><b>arˈrant</b> (ărˈănt), downright.</p> - -<p><b>ar-rayˈ</b> (ă-rāˈ), order, dress.</p> - -<p><b>arˈro-gance</b> (ărˈō-găns), pride.</p> - -<p><b>arˈse-nal</b> (ärˈse᷵-năl), a public establishment for the storage or manufacture of arms and military equipment.</p> - -<p><b>ar-tifˈi-cer</b> (är-tĭfˈĭ-sẽr), skilled worker.</p> - -<p><b>arˌti-fiˈcial-ly</b> (ärˌtĭ-fĭshˈă-lĭ), not genuinely.</p> - -<p><b>as-cendˈan-cy</b> (ă-sĕnˈdăn-sĭ), control, superiority.</p> - -<p><b>as-cendˈing</b> (ă-sĕndˈĭng), moving or climbing upward.</p> - -<p><b>asˌcer-tainˈ</b> (ăsˌẽr-tānˈ), find out for a certainty.</p> - -<p><b>as-cribˈing</b> (ăs-krībˈĭng), attributing, assigning.</p> - -<p><b>asˈpect</b> (ăsˈpĕkt), appearance.</p> - -<p><b>Asˈpi-net</b> (ăsˈpĭ-nĕt), an Indian chief.</p> - -<p><b>asˌpi-raˈtion</b> (ăsˌpĭ-rāˈshŭn), high desire.</p> - -<p><b>as-sailˈ</b> (ă-sālˈ), attack.</p> - -<p><b>as-sailˈant</b> (ă-sālˈănt), one that attacks.</p> - -<p><b>as-saultˈ</b> (ă-sôltˈ), attack.</p> - -<p><b>as-sertˈ</b> their lordship (ă-sûrtˈ), state their right to rule.</p> - -<p><b>as-simˌi-latˈing</b> (ă-sĭmˌĭ-lātˈĭng), resembling.</p> - -<p><b>as-suredˈ</b> (ă-sho̅o̅rdˈ), made sure.</p> - -<p><b>as-surˈed-ly</b> (ă-sho̅o̅rˈĕd-lĭ), certainly.</p> - -<p><b>Asˈta-roth</b> (ăsˈtȧ-rŏth), the Phoenician goddess of love.</p> - -<p><b>asthˈma</b> (ăzˈmȧ), a disease causing difficulty of breathing.</p> - -<p><b>Asˈto-lat</b> (ăsˈtō-lȧt), a name for Guildford, Surrey, England.</p> - -<p><b>astral lamp</b> (ăsˈtrăl), a kind of brilliant lamp.</p> - -<p><b>Atherfield</b> (ăthˈẽr-fēld).</p> - -<p><b>ath-letˈic</b> (ăth-lĕtˈĭk), strong, muscular.</p> - -<p><b>a-thwartˈ</b> (ȧ-thwôrtˈ), across.</p> - -<p><b>Atˈlas</b> (ătˈlăs), in Greek mythology, a god who bore up the pillars which upheld the heavens.</p> - -<p><b>a-toneˈ</b> (ȧ-tōnˈ), to make satisfaction for.</p> - -<p><b>a-troˈcious</b> (ȧ-trōˈshŭs), wicked, terrible.</p> - -<p><b>a-trocˈi-ties</b> (ȧ-trŏsˈĭ-tĭz), savagely brutal deeds.</p> - -<p><b>at-tendˈance</b> (ă-tĕnˈdăns), service.</p> - -<p><b>atˌtenˈtive-ly scruˈti-nized</b> (ă-tĕnˌtĭv-lĭ skro̅o̅ˈtĭ-nīzd), examined closely.</p> - -<p><b>atˈti-tude</b> (ătˈĭ-tŭd), posture or position.</p> - -<p><b>atˈtri-bute</b> (ăˈtrĭ-būt), quality.</p> - -<p><b>Auchmuty</b>, <b>Judge</b> (ŏkˈmu᷵-tĭ), British general (1756-1822).</p> - -<p><b>au-daˈcious</b> (ô-dāˈshŭs), impudent, daring.</p> - -<p><b>auˈdi-ble</b> (ôˈdĭ-b’l), actually heard.</p> - -<p><b>auˈdi-tor</b> (ôˈdĭ-tẽr), a hearer, listener.</p> - -<p><b>aug-mentˈed</b> (ôg-mĕntˈĕd), increased.</p> - -<p><b>auld</b> (ôld; äld), Scotch for old.</p> - -<p><b>aus-tereˈ</b> (ôs-tērˈ), stern, severe.</p> - -<p><b>au-thenˈtic</b> (ô-thĕnˈtĭk), real, trustworthy, true.</p> - -<p><b>auˌthen-ticˈi-ty</b> (ôˌthĕn-tĭsˈĭ-tĭ), genuineness.</p> - -<p><b>au-thorˈi-ta-tive</b> (ô-thŏrˈĭ-ta᷵-tĭv), commanding, positive.</p> - -<p><b>auˌto-bi-ogˈra-phy</b> (ôˌtō-bī-ŏgˈrȧ-fĭ), history of one’s life written by himself.</p> - -<p><b>auˈto-crat</b> (ôˈtō-krăt), an absolute monarch.</p> - -<p><b>auˌto-cratˈic</b> (ôˌtō-krătˈĭk), absolute.</p> - -<p><b>au-tumˈnal</b> (ô-tŭmˈnăl), belonging to, or like autumn.</p> - -<p><b>aux-ilˈia-ry</b> (ôg-zĭlˈyȧ-rĭ), helper, assistant.</p> - -<p><b>a-vengedˈ</b> (ȧ-vĕnjdˈ), punished the injuring party.</p> - -<p><b>a-verseˈ</b> (ȧ-vẽrsˈ), disinclined, contrary.</p> - -<p><b>aversion</b>, <b>unbounded</b> (ȧ-vûrˈshŭn), unlimited dislike.</p> - -<p><b>A-vilˈion</b> (ȧ-vĭlˈyŏn), in Celtic mythology an earthly paradise in the western seas where heroes were carried at death.</p> - -<p><b>avˌo-caˈtions</b> (ăvˌō-kāˈshŭnz), pursuits.</p> - -<p><b>a-vowˈal</b> (ȧ-vouˈăl), declaration.</p> - -<p><b>awed</b> (ôd), struck with great fear.</p> - -<p><b>Ayˈmer de Vaˈlence</b> (āˈmẽr da᷵ väˈlŏns).</p> - -<p><b>Ayr</b> (âr), a seaport in southwestern Scotland.</p> - -<p><b>A-zoresˈ</b> (ā-zōrzˈ), islands near and belonging to Portugal.</p> - -<p><b>azˈure</b> (ăzhˈu᷵r), sky-blue.</p> - -<p><b>Baˈal</b> (bāˈăl), a Phoenician god whose worship was attended by wild revelry.</p> - -<p><b>babˈble</b> (băbˈ’l), utter unintelligible sounds, prattle.</p> - -<p><b>Babˌy-loˈni-an vauntˈing</b> (Băbˌĭ-lōˈnĭ-ăn väntˈĭng), referring to the hanging gardens of Babylon, one of the seven wonders of the world.</p> - -<p><b>bachˈe-lor</b> (băchˈē-lẽr), the lowest university degree.</p> - -<p><b>Bacon</b>, <b>Sir Francis</b>, English philosopher and statesman (1561-1626).</p> - -<p><b>bade</b> (băd), ordered, commanded.</p> - -<p><b>badge of his au-thorˈi-ty</b> (băj of his ô-thŏrˈĭ-tĭ), sign of his power.</p> - -<p><b>bafˈfled</b> (băfˈ’ld), defeated, thwarted.</p> - -<p><b>balˈdric</b> (bôlˈdrĭk), a broad belt, worn over one shoulder, across the breast and under the opposite arm.</p> - -<p><b>balˈing</b> (bālˈĭng), dipping out water; making large bundles for shipping.</p> - -<p><b>balˈlast</b> (bălˈȧst), any heavy substance put into the hold of a ship to sink it in the water.</p> - -<p><b>bam-booˈ</b> (băm-bo̅o̅ˈ), a woody kind of grass.</p> - -<p><b>Bancroft</b>, <b>George</b>, American historian.</p> - -<p><b>baneˈful</b> (bānˈfo͡ol), injurious, deadly.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_595" id="Page_595">[595]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>bang</b> (băng), a thump, a whack.</p> - -<p><b>bar</b>, an obstructing bank of sand.</p> - -<p><b>barb</b> (bärb), horse</p> - -<p><b>Barbary powers</b>, the countries on the -north coast of Africa, from Egypt to -the Atlantic.</p> - -<p><b>bard</b> (bärd), a poet.</p> - -<p><b>barge</b> (bärj), a vessel or boat of state -elegantly furnished and decorated.</p> - -<p><b>bark</b> (bärk), a three-masted vessel.</p> - -<p><b>ba-roucheˈ</b> (bȧ-ro̅o̅shˈ), a four-wheeled -carriage, with a falling top, and two -double seats on the inside.</p> - -<p><b>Barreˈ, Colonel</b> (bȧˈrāˈ), a British officer -and politician.</p> - -<p><b>barˈren</b> (bărˈĕn), sterile, fruitless, empty.</p> - -<p><b>barˌri-cadeˈ</b> (bărˌĭ-kādˈ), a bar or obstruction.</p> - -<p><b>barˈter</b> (bärˈtẽr), to trade one article for -another.</p> - -<p><b>basˈtions</b> (băsˈchŭnz), walls.</p> - -<p><b>Bath-sheˈba</b> (Băth-shēˈbȧ), the wife of -Uriah the Hittite. 2 Samuel II.</p> - -<p><b>batˈten</b> (bătˈ’n), to fasten down with -strips of wood.</p> - -<p><b>Baudˈwin</b> (bôdˈwĭn).</p> - -<p><b>beam-ends</b> (bēm-ĕndz), to lie upon the -beam-ends, to incline, as a vessel, so -much on one side that her beams approach -a vertical position.</p> - -<p><b>bear sway</b>, rule.</p> - -<p><b>Beauˈmains</b> (bōˈmānz).</p> - -<p><b>be-calmˈ</b> (be᷵-kämˈ), to stop the progress -of the boat by lack of wind.</p> - -<p><b>be-daubedˈ</b> (bē-dôbdˈ), covered, coated.</p> - -<p><b>Bedˈi-vere</b> (bĕdˈĭ-vēr).</p> - -<p><b>beeˈtling</b> (bēˈtlĭng), projecting.</p> - -<p><b>be-fitsˈ the scene</b> (be᷵-fĭtˈ), suits or becomes -the place.</p> - -<p><b>beget that golden time again</b>, recall to -mind that wonderful time again.</p> - -<p><b>begˈgar de-scripˈtion</b>, phrase used to -imply great magnificence.</p> - -<p><b>be-guiledˈ</b> (be᷵-gīldˈ), lured</p> - -<p><b>be-guilˈing</b> (be᷵-gīlˈĭng), whiling away.</p> - -<p><b>be-hests</b> (be᷵-hĕstsˈ), commands.</p> - -<p><b>be-hooveˈ</b> (be᷵-ho̅o̅vˈ), is proper for, suits.</p> - -<p><b>be-laˈbor-ing</b> (bē-lāˈbe᷵r-ĭng), thrashing.</p> - -<p><b>belaying pins</b> (bē-lāyˈĭng), strong cleats -around which ropes are made fast.</p> - -<p><b>belch</b> (bĕlch), to throw out.</p> - -<p><b>belˈfry</b> (bĕlˈfrĭ), room in a tower where -a bell is hung.</p> - -<p><b>Bellˈi-cent</b> (bĕlˈĭ-sĕnt).</p> - -<p><b>bel-ligˈer-ent</b> (bĕ-lĭjˈẽr-ĕnt), warlike.</p> - -<p><b>belˈlow</b> (bĕlˈō), to roar, clamor.</p> - -<p><b>belˈlows</b> (bĕlˈōz), an instrument for blowing -fires.</p> - -<p><b>be-neathˈ</b> (be᷵-nēthˈ).</p> - -<p><b>benˌe-dicˈtion</b> (bĕnˌe᷵-dĭkˈshŭn), blessing.</p> - -<p><b>benˌe-facˈtor</b> (bĕnˌe᷵-făkˈtẽr), one who -does good.</p> - -<p><b>be-nefˈi-cence</b> (be᷵-nĕfˈĭ-sĕns), goodness.</p> - -<p><b>be-nevˈo-lent</b> (be᷵-nĕvˈō-lĕnt), kind.</p> - -<p><b>Ben-galˈ</b> (bĕn-gôlˈ), a division of British -India.</p> - -<p><b>be-nignˈ</b> (be᷵-nīnˈ), of a kind disposition.</p> - -<p><b>be-nigˈnant</b> (be᷵-nĭgˈnănt), kind.</p> - -<p><b>Benˈwick</b> (bĕnˈĭk).</p> - -<p><b>be-reavedˈ</b> (be᷵-rēvdˈ), deprived.</p> - -<p><b>be-reaveˈment</b> (be᷵-rēvˈmĕnt), the loss of -a loved one by death.</p> - -<p><b>Berˈnard, Francis, Sir</b> (bûrˈnȧrd).</p> - -<p><b>berˈserk</b> (bûrˈsûrk), a wild warrior of -heathen times in Scandinavia.</p> - -<p><b>be-setˈ</b> (be᷵-setˈ), surrounded.</p> - -<p><b>be-stirsˈ him well</b> (be᷵-stûrzˈ), moves -about briskly, or busily.</p> - -<p><b>be thy man</b>, be loyal to you as a vassal.</p> - -<p><b>be-trayˈ</b> (be᷵-trāˈ), to show or indicate.</p> - -<p><b>bevˈy</b> (bĕvˈĭ), flock.</p> - -<p><b>be-yondˈ perˌad-venˈture</b> (bē-yŏndˈ pĕrˌăd-vĕnˈtu᷵r), -without doubt.</p> - -<p><b>beˈzoar</b> (bēˈzōr), a mineral matter found -in the digestive organs of certain animals, -supposed to be an antidote for -poison.</p> - -<p><b>biˈas</b> (bīˈăs), to prejudice, change.</p> - -<p><b>bickˈer-ing</b> (bĭkˈẽr-ĭng), wrangling.</p> - -<p><b>bide my time</b>, pass my life.</p> - -<p><b>bigˈot-ed</b> (bĭgˈŭt-ĕd), prejudiced, narrow -minded toward others’ opinions.</p> - -<p><b>bi-ogˈra-phy</b> (bī-ŏgˈrȧ-fĭ), the written -history of a person’s life.</p> - -<p><b>Bisˈcay-an</b> (bĭsˈkā-ăn), belonging to -Spaniards of Biscay.</p> - -<p><b>bisˈcuit</b> (bĭsˈkĭt), hard-tack, a kind of -hard sea bread baked in large round -cakes, without salt.</p> - -<p><b>biˈson</b> (bīˈsŭn), the buffalo.</p> - -<p><b>bite the dust</b>, to die on the battlefield.</p> - -<p><b>bitter east</b>, a cold, east wind.</p> - -<p><b>bivˈouac</b> (bĭvˈwăk), encampment of soldiers -in the open air prepared for fighting.</p> - -<p><b>blade</b> (blād), a wild fellow.</p> - -<p><b>Blake, Robert</b> (1599-1657), a British admiral.</p> - -<p><b>blared across the shalˈlows</b> (blârd across -the shălˈōz), made a noise like a trumpet -across the shoals, or shallow places -in the river.</p> - -<p><b>blastˈed</b> (blȧstˈed), withered or blighted.</p> - -<p><b>blazed</b> (blāzd), marked (a tree) by chipping -off a piece of bark.</p> - -<p><b>blaˈzon</b> (blāˈz’n), a coat of arms.</p> - -<p><b>bleak</b> (blēk), without color, pale, barren.</p> - -<p><b>blench</b> (blĕnch), to draw back, shrink -from.</p> - -<p><b>Bligh</b> (blī).</p> - -<p><b>blight</b> (blīt), to ruin, frustrate.</p> - -<p><b>Blighty</b> (blīˈtĭ), the British soldier’s -slang for <b>home</b>.</p> - -<p><b>blitheˈsome</b> (blīthˈsŭm), cheery, gay.</p> - -<p><b>block chafes</b> (chāfs), anything goes -wrong.</p> - -<p><b>blossom into melody</b>, break into song.</p> - -<p><b>blow</b> (blō), to blossom; <b>blows his nail</b>; -blows on his fingers to warm them.</p> - -<p><b>bluff</b> (blŭff), rough and hearty.</p> - -<p><b>boar</b> (bōr), a wild hog.</p> - -<p><b>boasts a crown</b>, is proud of its empire.</p> - -<p><b>bob-linˈcon</b>, bobolink, an American bird.</p> - -<p><b>Boche</b> (bōsh), a name given by the -French to the German soldier.</p> - -<p><b>bodˈed ill</b> (bōdˈĕd), foretold ill.</p> - -<p><b>bog</b> (bŏg), swamp, marsh.</p> - -<p><b>boisterous rapidity</b> (boisˈtẽr-ŭs rȧ-pĭdˈĭ-tĭ), -roaring rate.</p> - -<p><b>bomb</b> (bŏm; bŭm), a shell, especially a -spherical shell, like those fired from -mortars.</p> - -<p><b>Bonˌa-ven-ˌture</b>ˈ (bōnˌă-vĕn-ˌtūrˈ), a ship -of England’s fleet.</p> - -<p><b>bonny bird</b>, the fair lady.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_596" id="Page_596">[596]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>boon</b> (bo̅o̅n), favor; gay.</p> - -<p><b>bosˈom</b> (bo͡ozˈŭm), heart.</p> - -<p><b>botˈtoms</b> (bŏtˈŭmz), bed of river, valley.</p> - -<p><b>bounˈti-ful</b> (bounˈtĭ-fo͡ol), liberal, generous.</p> - -<p><b>bou-quetˈ</b> (bo̅o̅-kāˈ), a bunch of flowers.</p> - -<p><b>bour-geoisˈ</b> (bo̅o̅r-zhwȧˈ), head man.</p> - -<p><b>bow</b> (bou), the forward part of a vessel.</p> - -<p><b>bowˈer</b> (bouˈẽr), a lady’s private apartment.</p> - -<p><b>Boylsˈton</b> (boilzˈtŭn).</p> - -<p><b>Bra-bantˈ</b> (brȧ-băntˈ), a province of Belgium.</p> - -<p><b>brackˈish</b> (brăkˈĭsh), salt, distasteful.</p> - -<p><b>braes of broom</b> (brā, bro̅o̅m), hillsides -covered with low shrubs bearing yellow -flowers.</p> - -<p><b>brake</b> (brāk), thicket.</p> - -<p><b>brand</b> (brănd), a burning piece of wood; -sword.</p> - -<p><b>Branˈdi-les</b> (brănˈdĭ-lēz).</p> - -<p><b>brat</b> (brăt), a child.</p> - -<p><b>Brathˈwick</b> (brăthˈĭk).</p> - -<p><b>brawlˈing</b> (brôlˈĭng), quarreling noisily.</p> - -<p><b>breach</b> (brēch), an opening, a quarrel.</p> - -<p><b>breakˈer</b> (brākˈẽr), waves breaking into -foam against the shore or reef.</p> - -<p><b>breastˈing</b> (brĕstˈĭng), forcing one’s way.</p> - -<p><b>breechˈes</b> (brĭchˈĕz), trousers.</p> - -<p><b>briˈer</b> (brīˈẽr), any plant with a woody -stem bearing thorns or prickles.</p> - -<p><b>brig</b> (brĭg), a two-masted vessel.</p> - -<p><b>bri-gadeˈ</b> (brĭ-gādˈ), a body of troops -consisting of two or more regiments.</p> - -<p><b>brigˈan-tine</b> (brĭgˈăn-tēn), a two-masted -vessel, square rigged forward and -schooner rigged aft.</p> - -<p><b>brinˈdled</b> (brĭnˈd’ld), having dark streaks -or spots on a gray or tawny ground, -streaked.</p> - -<p><b>bring him to knowledge</b> (nŏlˈĕj), recognize -him.</p> - -<p><b>brink</b> (brĭnk), verge or edge.</p> - -<p><b>Britˈta-ny</b> (brĭtˈȧ-nĭ), formerly an independent -province, now a part of France.</p> - -<p><b>broached</b> (brōcht), uttered, put forth.</p> - -<p><b>broach-to</b>, to veer suddenly into the wind -and expose the vessel to the danger of -capsizing.</p> - -<p><b>broad-sideˈ</b> (brôd-sīdˈ), broad surface of -any object.</p> - -<p><b>Broadway</b>, a famous street in New York.</p> - -<p><b>broil</b>, a noisy quarrel.</p> - -<p><b>bronˈco</b> (brŏnˈkō), a small horse or pony.</p> - -<p><b>brook</b> (bro͡ok), to bear, endure.</p> - -<p><b>brought to bay</b>, brought to a standstill.</p> - -<p><b>brunt</b> (brŭnt), the force of a blow, shock.</p> - -<p><b>brutˈish</b> (bro̅o̅tˈĭsh), coarse, stupid.</p> - -<p><b>Brutus</b> (bro̅o̅ˈtŭs), a Roman politician -and one of Cæsar’s slayers.</p> - -<p><b>bucˈca-neerˌ</b> (bŭkˈȧ-nērˌ), a robber, pirate.</p> - -<p><b>Buchˈan</b> (bŭkˈăn).</p> - -<p><b>Buckˈholm</b> (bŭkˈhōm).</p> - -<p><b>budgˈet</b> (bŭjˈĕt), stock, accumulation.</p> - -<p><b>bufˈfet</b> (bŭfˈĕt), blow.</p> - -<p><b>bullˈdozˌing</b> (bo͡olˈdōzˌĭng), restraining -by threats or violence. [Slang, U. S.]</p> - -<p><b>bulˈlied</b> (bo͡olˈĭd), intimidated or frightened.</p> - -<p><b>bulˈlion</b> (bo͡olˈyŭn), uncoined gold or silver.</p> - -<p><b>bulˈly-rag</b> (bo͡olˈĭ-răg), to scare by bullying.</p> - -<p><b>bulˈrushˌes</b> (bo͡olˈrŭshˌĕz), a kind of -large rush growing in water.</p> - -<p><b>bulˈwark</b> (bo͡olˈwȧrk), the side of a ship -above the upper deck; a protecting -wall, sea wall.</p> - -<p><b>bumpˈkin</b> (bŭmpˈkĭn), an awkward, -heavy fellow.</p> - -<p><b>buoyˈant</b> (boiˈănt), tending to rise or -float.</p> - -<p><b>buoyˈant-ly</b> (bouˈănt-lĭ), lightly.</p> - -<p><b>burˈgess</b> (bûrˈjĕs), a resident of a town.</p> - -<p><b>burghˈer</b> (bûrˈgẽr), a freeman of a borough, -an enfranchised male citizen.</p> - -<p><b>Burˈgo-masˌter</b> (bûrˈgō-mȧsˌtẽr), the -chief magistrate of a town in Holland.</p> - -<p><b>bur-lesqueˈ</b> (bûr-lĕskˈ), droll, treated ridiculously -as a caricature.</p> - -<p><b>burˈnish</b> (bûrˈnĭsh), to make bright, to -polish.</p> - -<p><b>burˈthen</b> (bûrˈth’n), burden.</p> - -<p><b>busˈkin</b> (bŭsˈkĭn), a covering for the foot -coming some distance up the leg.</p> - -<p><b>buttes</b> (būts), hills, small mountains.</p> - -<p><b>buxˈom</b> (bŭkˈsŭm), plump and rosy.</p> - -<p><b>by sheer weight</b> (shēr), by the very -weight, by weight alone.</p> - -<p><b>Byles, Mather</b> (bīlz), American clergyman.</p> - -<p><b>Caer-leˈon</b> (kär-lēˈŏn), a town in south-western -England, the traditional seat -of King Arthur’s court.</p> - -<p><b>ca-lamˈi-ties</b> (kă-lămˈĭ-tēz), misfortunes, -disasters.</p> - -<p><b>Caˌla-veˈras</b> (käˌlȧ-vāˈrȧs), a county in -central California.</p> - -<p><b>calˈcu-late</b> (kălˈku᷵-lāt), expect, plan, -reckon.</p> - -<p><b>Calˈi-ban</b> (kălˈĭ-băn).</p> - -<p><b>calˈklated</b>, dialect for <b>calˈcu-late</b> (kălˈkûlāt).</p> - -<p><b>calm</b> (käm), freedom from motion, quiet.</p> - -<p><b>calˈthrop</b> (kălˈthrŏp), steel spike.</p> - -<p><b>Camˈel-iard</b> (kămˈĕl-yärd), the home of -Leodogran.</p> - -<p><b>Camˈe-lot</b> (kămˈe᷵-lŏt), a legendary spot -in southern England where Arthur was -said to have had his court and palace.</p> - -<p><b>Campˈbell, Thomˈas</b> (kămˈĕl; kămˈbĕl).</p> - -<p><b>canˈdid</b> (kănˈdĭd), fair, just.</p> - -<p><b>canˈo-py</b> (kănˈō-pĭ), covering, shelter.</p> - -<p><b>canˈyon</b> (kănˈyŭn), a deep valley with -high, steep slopes.</p> - -<p><b>ca-paˈcious</b> (kȧ-pāˈshŭs), broad, large.</p> - -<p><b>ca-pacˈi-ty</b> (kȧ-păsˈĭ-tĭ), ability, power, -position, extent of room or space.</p> - -<p><b>caˈper</b> (kāˈpẽr), <b>cutting a caper</b>, to leap -about in a frolicsome manner.</p> - -<p><b>capˈi-tal</b> (kăpˈĭ-tăl), stock of accumulated -wealth; seat of government.</p> - -<p><b>ca-priˈcious</b> (kȧ-prĭshˈŭs), fitful, whimsical.</p> - -<p><b>carˈcas-ses</b> (kärˈkȧs-ĕz), dead bodies, -of beasts.</p> - -<p><b>cardˈed</b> (kärˈdĕd), made ready for spinning -by the use of a card.</p> - -<p><b>ca-reerˈing</b> (kȧ-rērˈĭng), moving or running -rapidly.</p> - -<p><b>carˈi-bou</b> (kărˈĭ-bo̅o̅), a species or kind -of reindeer found in North America and -Greenland.</p> - -<p><b>carol so madly</b>, sing so joyfully.</p> - -<p><b>Carˈrick</b> (kărˈĭk).</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_597" id="Page_597">[597]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>carˈtridge</b> (kärˈtrĭj), a case or shell holding -a complete charge for a firearm.</p> - -<p><b>caseˈment</b> (kāsˈmĕnt), a hinged window -sash.</p> - -<p><b>case under native rule</b>, if the people of -India ruled themselves.</p> - -<p><b>casˈu-al</b> (kăzhˈu᷵-ăl), occasional, happening -without design.</p> - -<p><b>catˈa-ract</b> (kătˈȧ-răkt), a great fall of -water over a precipice.</p> - -<p><b>ca-tasˈtro-phe</b> (kȧ-tăsˈtrō-fe᷵), disaster, -calamity, misfortune.</p> - -<p><b>ca-theˈdral</b> (kȧ-thēˈdrăl), the church -which contains the bishop’s official -chair or throne.</p> - -<p><b>cauld</b> (kawld), Scotch for <b>cold</b>.</p> - -<p><b>causeˈway</b> (kôzˈwā), a raised road over -wet ground.</p> - -<p><b>cauˈtious</b> (kôˈshŭs), watchful, wary, -careful.</p> - -<p><b>cavˌal-cadeˈ</b> (kăvˌăl-kādˈ), a procession -of persons on horseback.</p> - -<p><b>cavˌa-lierˈ</b> (kăvˌȧ-lērˈ), a leader in the -party of King Charles I; knight, gallant.</p> - -<p><b>ca-vortˈing</b> (kȧ-vôrtˈĭng), prancing.</p> - -<p><b>cavˈi-ty</b> (kăvˈĭ-tĭ), a hollow place.</p> - -<p><b>cay</b> (kā), Spanish for <b>quay</b>.</p> - -<p><b>ceased</b> (sēst), stopped, left off.</p> - -<p><b>ceaseˈless</b> (sēsˈlĕs), without stop.</p> - -<p><b>ce-lesˈtial</b> (se᷵-lĕsˈchăl), heavenly, divine.</p> - -<p><b>cenˈsure</b> (sĕnˈshu᷵r), disapproval, hostile -criticism, blame.</p> - -<p><b>century-circled</b>, with circles showing one -hundred years’ growth.</p> - -<p><b>cerˈe-mo-ny</b> (sĕrˈe᷵-mō-nĭ), a formal act -laid down by custom.</p> - -<p><b>ce-ruˈle-an</b> (se᷵-ro̅o̅ˈle᷵-ăn), deep blue.</p> - -<p><b>ces-saˈtion</b> (sĕ-sāˈshŭn), a stop.</p> - -<p><b>chafed</b> (chāft), rubbed so as to wear -away; irritated.</p> - -<p><b>chafˈfer</b> (chăfˈeẽr), bargain, haggle.</p> - -<p><b>chaˈos</b> (kāˈŏs), confused mixture, yawning -chasm.</p> - -<p><b>cha-otˈic</b> (ka᷵-ŏtˈĭk), confused.</p> - -<p><b>chalˈlenge</b> (chălˈĕnj), act of defiance.</p> - -<p><b>chamˈpi-on</b> (chămˈpĭ-ŭn), supporter, defender.</p> - -<p><b>’Change</b> (chānj), for <b>Exchange</b>, a place -where merchants and others meet to -transact business.</p> - -<p><b>chant</b> (chȧnt), a song resembling a -church chant; the recitation of words -in musical monotones; to sing.</p> - -<p><b>chanˈti-cleer</b> (chănˈtĭ-klēr), cock.</p> - -<p><b>chapˈlain</b> (chăpˈlĭn), a clergyman officially -appointed to a court or to a section -of the army or navy.</p> - -<p><b>chapˈlet</b> (chăpˈlĕt), a wreath worn on the -head.</p> - -<p><b>charge</b> (chärj), to attack, rush upon; -command.</p> - -<p><b>charmˈing lay</b>, pleasing song, poem.</p> - -<p><b>charˈter-ing</b> (chärˈtẽr-ĭng), hiring for -exclusive use for some special purpose.</p> - -<p><b>chasm</b> (kăz’m), a gap or break.</p> - -<p><b>chas-tiseˈ</b> (chăs-tīzˈ), to punish.</p> - -<p><b>Chaˈtillˌon</b> (shäˈtēˌyôn).</p> - -<p><b>cherˈished</b> (chĕrˈĭsht), held dear.</p> - -<p><b>cherˈub</b> (chĕrˈŭb), beautiful child; angel.</p> - -<p><b>chid</b> (chĭd), found fault.</p> - -<p><b>chiefˈtain</b> (chēfˈtĭn), leader.</p> - -<p><b>Chiˈhun</b> (chēˈhŭn).</p> - -<p><b>Chilˌli-cothˈe</b> (chĭlˌĭ-kŏthˈe᷵).</p> - -<p><b>chime</b> (chīm), a set of bells musically -tuned.</p> - -<p><b>chi-meˈra</b> (kĭ-mēˈrȧ), an absurd or impossible -creature of the imagination.</p> - -<p><b>chip the shell</b>, to crack the shell of the -egg and come out into the nest.</p> - -<p><b>chi-rurˈgeon</b> (kī-rûrˈjŭn), surgeon.</p> - -<p><b>chivˈal-rous</b> (shĭvˈăl-rŭs), gallant.</p> - -<p><b>chivˈal-ry</b> (shĭvˈăl-rĭ), system of knighthood.</p> - -<p><b>cholˈer-ic</b> (kŏlˈẽr-ĭk), hot-tempered.</p> - -<p><b>chopˈfallˌen</b> (chŏpˈfôlˌ’n), cast down, dejected.</p> - -<p><b>Chrisˈten-dom</b> (krĭsˈ’n-dŭm), the Christian -world.</p> - -<p><b>chronˈi-cle</b> (krŏnˈĭ-k’l), record, history.</p> - -<p><b>chro-nomˈe-ter</b> (krō-nŏmˈe᷵-tẽr), an instrument -for measuring time.</p> - -<p><b>chrysˈo-lite</b> (krĭsˈō-līt), a semi-precious -stone, commonly yellow or green.</p> - -<p><b>churl</b> (chûrl), one of the lowest class of -freemen.</p> - -<p><b>cinch</b> (sĭnch), a strong girth for a pack -or saddle.</p> - -<p><b>cinˈna-mon</b> (sĭnˈȧ-mŭn), a dark chestnut-colored -bear.</p> - -<p><b>cinqueˈfoil</b> (sĭnkˈfoil), a plant called -“five-finger,” because of the resemblance -of the leaves to the fingers of -the hand.</p> - -<p><b>cirˈcuit</b> (sûrˈkĭt), act of moving, a route.</p> - -<p><b>cirˈcum-stance</b> (sûrˈkŭm-stăns), situation.</p> - -<p><b>cirˌcum-stanˈtial</b> (sûrˌkŭm-stănˈshăl), -detailing all circumstances, exact.</p> - -<p><b>citˈa-del</b> (sĭtˈȧ-dĕl), a fortress.</p> - -<p><b>citˈi-zen-ship</b> (sĭtˈĭ-z’n-shĭp), state of -being a citizen, of owing allegiance -to a government and entitled to protection -from it.</p> - -<p><b>civˈil</b> (sĭvˈĭl), of, pertaining to, or made -up of citizens, or individuals taking -part in a common society.</p> - -<p><b>civˈil of-fiˈcial</b> (sĭvˈĭl ŏ-fĭshˈăl), officer -dealing with ordinary affairs, or government -matters as opposed to military -matters.</p> - -<p><b>civˈil war</b>, war between two parties of -citizens of the same country.</p> - -<p><b>clamˈber-ing</b> (klămˈbẽr-ĭng), climbing -with difficulty.</p> - -<p><b>clamˈor</b> (klămˈẽr), a loud, continued -noise, uproar.</p> - -<p><b>clanˈgor</b> (klănˈgẽr), a sharp, harsh, ringing -sound.</p> - -<p><b>clarˈi-on-et</b> (klărˈĭ-ŭn-ĕt), properly -called clarinet, a musical wind instrument.</p> - -<p><b>clash the cymbals</b> (sĭmˈbălz), beat the -brass half globes or concave plates -clashed together to produce a sharp -ringing sound.</p> - -<p><b>clenched</b> (klĕncht), closed tightly.</p> - -<p><b>clog</b> (klŏg), that which hinders or impedes -motion.</p> - -<p><b>cloisˈter</b> (kloisˈtẽr), a place for retirement -from the world for religious duties, -convent.</p> - -<p><b>close dealing</b>, driving a sharp bargain.</p> - -<p><b>close quarters</b>, near or close to each -other.</p> - -<p><b>close-reefed vessels</b>, vessels or boats -with their sails tightly folded.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_598" id="Page_598">[598]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>cloth of gold</b>, a fabric woven wholly or -partly of threads of gold.</p> - -<p><b>cloˈven</b> (klōˈv’n), divided, cleft.</p> - -<p><b>clutch</b> (klŭtch), grasp.</p> - -<p><b>coast was clear</b>, way was safe.</p> - -<p><b>coasting-vessel</b>, a ship sailing along the -coast.</p> - -<p><b>cocked</b> (kŏkt), turned or stuck up.</p> - -<p><b>cockˈle-shellˌ</b> (kŏkˈ’l-shĕlˌ), a certain -kind of shell.</p> - -<p><b>cog-noˈmen</b> (kŏg-nōˈmĕn), name.</p> - -<p><b>co-inˈci-dence</b> (kō-ĭnˈsĭ-dĕns), occurrences -at the same time.</p> - -<p><b>coir-swab</b> (koir-swŏb), a kind of mop or -cloth made from the fiber of the outer -husk of the coconut.</p> - -<p><b>Coldˈstream</b> (Guards), a famous English -infantry regiment.</p> - -<p><b>collapsed in proportion</b> (kŏ-lăpstˈ), the -other side caved in as far as the one -side puffed out.</p> - -<p><b>col-latˈing</b> (kŏ-lātˈĭng), comparing.</p> - -<p><b>collision of waves</b> (kŏ-lĭzhˈŭn), intermixing -of waters.</p> - -<p><b>col-loˈqui-al</b> (kŏ-lōˈkwĭ-ăl), conversational, -informal.</p> - -<p><b>Co-lomˈbo</b> (kō-lōmˈbō), capital of Ceylon.</p> - -<p><b>co-losˈsal team</b> (kō-lŏsˈăl), a very large -team.</p> - -<p><b>colˈum-bine</b> (kŏlˈŭm-bīn), a flower.</p> - -<p><b>colˈumn</b> (kŏlˈŭm), an upright body or -mass.</p> - -<p><b>comˈe-dy</b> (kŏmˈe᷵-dĭ), a drama of light -and amusing character.</p> - -<p><b>comeˈly</b> (kŭmˈlĭ), good-looking.</p> - -<p><b>com-mandˈment</b> (kŏ-mȧndˈmĕnt), order.</p> - -<p><b>com-memˈo-rate</b> (kŏ-mĕmˈō-rāt), to celebrate.</p> - -<p><b>comˌmen-daˈtion</b> (kŏmˌĕn-dāˈshŭn), -praise, compliment.</p> - -<p><b>comˈmen-ta-ries</b> (kŏmˈĕn-ta᷵-rĭz), notebook, -series of memoranda.</p> - -<p><b>comˈments</b> (kŏmˈĕnts), talks, remarks.</p> - -<p><b>comˈmen-taˌtor</b> (kŏmˈĕn-tāˌtẽr), one -who writes notes or comments upon a -subject.</p> - -<p><b>com-misˈsion</b> (kŏ-mĭshˈŭn), to appoint.</p> - -<p><b>com-misˈsion and con-trolˈ</b>, authority -and rule.</p> - -<p><b>com-mitˈ</b> (kŏ-mĭtˈ), to intrust.</p> - -<p><b>com-modˈi-ty</b> (kŏ-mŏdˈĭ-tĭ), goods, -wares.</p> - -<p><b>comˈmon</b> (kŏmˈŭn), joint or mutual.</p> - -<p><b>comˈmon-wealthˌ</b> (kŏmˈŭn-wĕlthˌ), state, -republic.</p> - -<p><b>com-moˈtion</b> (kŏ-mōˈshŭn), disturbance.</p> - -<p><b>com-muneˈ</b> (kŏ-mūnˈ), to take counsel.</p> - -<p><b>com-muˈni-cate</b> (kŏ-mūˈnĭ-kāt), to make -known.</p> - -<p><b>com-panˈion</b> (kŏm-pănˈyŭn), a stairway -from one deck to the other.</p> - -<p><b>comˈpass</b> (kŭmˈpȧs), an instrument for -determining directions.</p> - -<p><b>com-pasˈsion</b> (kŏm-păshˈŭn), pity.</p> - -<p><b>comˈpe-ten-cy</b> (kŏmˈpe᷵-tĕn-sĭ), supply.</p> - -<p><b>com-petˈi-tor</b> (kŏm-pĕtˈĭ-tẽr), rival.</p> - -<p><b>comˈple-ment</b> (kŏmˈple᷵-mĕnt), the whole -number allowed to a ship.</p> - -<p><b>com-pliˈance</b> (kŏm-plīˈăns), agreement.</p> - -<p><b>comˈpli-mentˌ</b> (kŏmˈplĭ-mĕntˌ), flattery, -praise.</p> - -<p><b>com-poˈnent</b> (kŏm-pōˈnĕnt), composing, -an ingredient, a part.</p> - -<p><b>com-portˈ</b> (kŏm-pōrtˈ), agree, accord; -conduct.</p> - -<p><b>comˌpo-siˈtion</b> (kŏmˌpō-zĭshˈŭn), a literary, -musical, or artistic product.</p> - -<p><b>comˌpre-hendˈ</b> (kŏmˌpre᷵-hĕndˈ), to understand.</p> - -<p><b>com-pressˈ</b> (kŏm-prĕsˈ), to condense.</p> - -<p><b>com-priseˈ</b> (kŏm-prīzˈ), to include.</p> - -<p><b>Comˈyn</b> (kŭmˈĭn), a Scottish noble.</p> - -<p><b>con</b> (kŏn), to study over.</p> - -<p><b>con-cedeˈ</b> (kŏn-sēdˈ), to grant or allow.</p> - -<p><b>con-ceiveˈ</b> (kŏn-sēvˈ), to imagine, think.</p> - -<p><b>con-cenˈtric</b> (kŏn-sĕnˈtrĭk), having a -common center.</p> - -<p><b>con-cepˈtion</b> (kŏn-sĕpˈshŭn), idea, notion.</p> - -<p><b>conch-shell</b> (kŏnk-shel), sea-shell.</p> - -<p><b>con-cludˈed</b> (kŏn-klo̅o̅dˈĕd), decided.</p> - -<p><b>con-cluˈsion</b> (kŏn-klo̅o̅ˈzhŭn), end, result.</p> - -<p><b>con-cluˈsive</b> (kŏnˈklo̅o̅ˈsĭv), convincing.</p> - -<p><b>con-curˈrence</b> (kŏn-kŭrˈĕns), approval, -consent.</p> - -<p><b>con-demned</b> (kŏn-dĕmdˈ), doomed, sentenced.</p> - -<p><b>conˌde-scendˈed</b> (kŏnˌde᷵-sĕndˈĕd), -agreed, consented.</p> - -<p><b>conˌde-scenˈsion</b> (kŏnˌde᷵-sĕnˈshŭn), -courtesy, kindness.</p> - -<p><b>Coney Island</b> (kōˈnĭ), an amusement -park much frequented by New Yorkers.</p> - -<p><b>con-fedˈer-acy</b> (kŏn-fĕdˈẽr-ȧ-sĭ), states or -nations united in a league.</p> - -<p><b>conˈfer-ence</b> (kŏnˈfẽr-ĕns), meeting for -discussion.</p> - -<p><b>conˈfi-dantˌ</b> (kŏnˈfi-dăntˌ), one to whom -another tells secrets.</p> - -<p><b>conˈfi-dent</b> (kŏnˈfĭ-dĕnt), sure, trustful.</p> - -<p><b>con-fineˈ</b> (kŏn-fīnˈ), to hold back, restrain.</p> - -<p><b>con-firmedˈ</b> (kŏn-fûrmdˈ), chronic, habitual.</p> - -<p><b>con-foundˈ</b> (kŏn-foundˈ), confuse, perplex.</p> - -<p><b>con-fuˈsion alone was supreme</b>, disorder -reigned instead of a king.</p> - -<p><b>con-genˈial</b> (kŏn-jēnˈyăl), of the same -kind, sympathetic.</p> - -<p><b>conˈger</b> (kŏnˈgẽr), a kind of eel.</p> - -<p><b>con-gestˈed</b> (kŏn-jĕstˈĕd), overcrowded.</p> - -<p><b>conˈgre-gate</b> (kŏnˈgre᷵-gāt), to assemble.</p> - -<p><b>conˌgre-gaˈtion</b> (kŏnˌgre᷵-gāˈshŭn), a -gathering.</p> - -<p><b>con-jecˈture</b> (kŏn-jĕkˈtu᷵r), to guess, -imagine.</p> - -<p><b>conˌnois-seurˈ</b> (kŏnˌĭ-sûrˈ), one well -versed in any subject, expert.</p> - -<p><b>con-nuˈbi-al</b> (kŏ-nūˈbĭ-ăl), of or pertaining -to marriage.</p> - -<p><b>Co-nonˈchet</b> (kō-nŏnˈchĕt).</p> - -<p><b>con-san-guinˈi-ty</b> (kŏn-săn-guĭnˈĭ-tĭ), -blood relationship.</p> - -<p><b>conˈse-cratˌed</b> (kŏnˈse᷵-krātˌĕd), made -sacred or holy.</p> - -<p><b>conˈse-quence</b> (kŏnˈse᷵-kwĕns), result.</p> - -<p><b>conˈse-quent</b> (kŏnˈse᷵-kwĕnt), that which -follows, following.</p> - -<p><b>con-servˈa-to-ries</b> (kŏn-sûrˈvȧ-tô-rĭz), -greenhouses.</p> - -<p><b>con-sidˈer-able</b> (kŏn-sĭdˈẽr-ȧ-b’l), rather -large in extent, of importance or value.</p> - -<p><b>con-sidˌer-aˈtion</b> (kŏn-sĭdˌẽr-āˈshŭn), -careful thought.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_599" id="Page_599">[599]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>con-signedˈ</b> (kŏn-sīndˈ), intrusted, given -over.</p> - -<p><b>con-so-laˈtion</b> (kŏn-sŏ-lāˈshŭn), comfort.</p> - -<p><b>con-solˈa-to-ry</b> (kŏn-sŏlˈȧ-tō-rĭ), comforting.</p> - -<p><b>con-spicˈu-ous</b> (kŏn-spĭkˈu᷵-ŭs), plainly -seen, striking.</p> - -<p><b>conˈsta-ble</b> (kŭnˈstâˈ-b’l), a township or -parish officer.</p> - -<p><b>conˈstan-cy</b> (kŏnˈstăn-sĭ), loyalty, firmness -under suffering.</p> - -<p><b>constantly acting a studied part</b>, always -acting, not naturally as a child would, -but as his experience has taught him.</p> - -<p><b>conˌstel-laˈtion</b> (kŏnˌstĕ-lāˈshŭn), a -number of fixed stars; an assemblage -of splendors.</p> - -<p><b>conˈsti-tut-ed</b> (kŏnˈstĕ-tūt-ĕd), established, -formed.</p> - -<p><b>conˌsti-tuˈtion</b> (kŏnˌstĭ-tūˈshŭn), physique, -health; a written document laying -down rules for the conduct of -affairs.</p> - -<p><b>con-strainˈ</b> (kŏn-strānˈ), to compel, to -force.</p> - -<p><b>conˈsul</b> (kŏnˈsŭl), an official appointed -by a government to a foreign country.</p> - -<p><b>con-taˈgion</b> (kŏn-tāˈjŭn), spreading, exciting -similar emotions or conduct in -others.</p> - -<p><b>conˈtem-plat-ing</b> (kŏnˈtĕm-plāt-ĭng; kŏn-temˈplāt-ĭng), -regarding or looking at -thoughtfully.</p> - -<p><b>conˌtem-plaˈtion</b> (kŏnˌtĕm-plāˈshŭn), -study, thought.</p> - -<p><b>con-temˈpo-ra-ry</b> (kŏn-tĕmˈpō-ra᷵-rĭ), living -at the same time.</p> - -<p><b>con-tempˈtu-ous</b> (kŏn-tĕmpˈtu᷵-ŭs), -scornful, haughty.</p> - -<p><b>con-tendˈ</b> (kŏn-tĕndˈ), to cope, fight.</p> - -<p><b>conˈtent</b> (kŏnˈtĕnt; kŏn-tĕntˈ), that -which is contained.</p> - -<p><b>con-tentˈed himself</b> (kŏn-tĕntˈĕd), satisfied -himself.</p> - -<p><b>con-ti-nentˈal blood in-ter-veinedˈ</b> (kŏn-tĭ-nĕntˈal; -ĭn-tẽr-vāndˈ), the blood of -the East and the West intermingled.</p> - -<p><b>con-torˈtion</b> (kŏn-tôrˈshŭn), twisting.</p> - -<p><b>conˈtra-band</b> (kŏnˈtrȧ-bănd), smuggled.</p> - -<p><b>con-tra-dicˈto-ry</b> (kŏn-trȧ-dĭkˈtō-rĭ), contrary, -opposite.</p> - -<p><b>con-triˈtion</b> (kŏn-trĭshˈŭn), deep sorrow.</p> - -<p><b>con-trivˈance</b> (kŏn-trīvˈăns), device, invention.</p> - -<p><b>con-trivˈed</b> (kŏn-trīvdˈ), planned, invented.</p> - -<p><b>con-venˈtion-al</b> (kŏn-vĕnˈshŭn-ăl), dependent -on usage, formal.</p> - -<p><b>conˈverse</b> (kŏnˈvûrs), communication, -talk, conversation.</p> - -<p><b>con-veyˈ</b> (kŏn-vāˈ), impart, communicate; -carry.</p> - -<p><b>conˈvo-lutˌed</b> (kŏnˈvō-lūtˌĕd), rolled together, -one part upon another.</p> - -<p><b>con-voyˈ</b> (kŏn-voiˈ), to escort for protection; -go with.</p> - -<p><b>con-vulˈsion</b> (kŏn-vŭlˈshŭn), tumult; a -violent shaking.</p> - -<p><b>coop of the counter</b>, a small place used -for storage purposes in the stern of the -ship.</p> - -<p><b>cope</b> (kōp), to enter into a hostile contest, -to struggle.</p> - -<p><b>coˈpi-ous-ness</b> (kōˈpĭ-ŭs-nĕs), fullness, -abundance.</p> - -<p><b>copse</b> (kŏps), contracted from <b>coppice</b>, a -grove of small growth.</p> - -<p><b>co-quetteˈ</b> (kō-kĕtˈ), a flirt.</p> - -<p><b>corˈal</b> (kŏrˈăl), the skeletons of certain -small sea-animals, which have been deposited -during the ages and form reefs -and islands.</p> - -<p><b>Corˈbi-tant</b> (kôrˈbĭ-tănt), an Indian chief.</p> - -<p><b>cordˈage</b> (kôrˈda᷵j), ropes in the rigging -of a ship.</p> - -<p><b>corˈdial</b> (kôrˈjăl), hearty.</p> - -<p><b>Corˈdo-van</b> (kôrˈdō-vȧn), from Cordova, -a city in Spain, famous for leather.</p> - -<p><b>corˈdu-royˌ</b> (kôrˈdŭ-roi; kôrˌdŭ-roiˈ), a -kind of coarse, durable cotton fabric -having a surface raised in ridges.</p> - -<p><b>cork-heild</b> (kôrk-hēld), Scotch for <b>cork-heeled</b>.</p> - -<p><b>corˈmo-rant</b> (kôrˈmŏ-rănt), a large sea-bird.</p> - -<p><b>Cornˈwall</b> (kôrnˈwôl), county in southwestern -England.</p> - -<p><b>corˌre-spondˈent</b> (kŏrˌe᷵-spŏndˈĕnt), a -person employed to contribute news -regularly from a particular place or -scene of action.</p> - -<p><b>corˌre-spondˈing</b> (kŏrˌe᷵-spŏndˈĭng), -matching, similar, agreeing.</p> - -<p><b>cor-rupˈtion</b> (kŏ-rŭpˈshŭn), the change -from good to bad, wickedness.</p> - -<p><b>corˈsair</b> (kôrˈsâr), pirate vessel.</p> - -<p><b>corseˈlet</b> (kôrsˈlĕt), armor for the body.</p> - -<p><b>cos-mogˈra-pher</b> (kŏz-mŏgˈrȧ-fẽr), one -who knows the science that teaches -how the whole system of worlds is -made.</p> - -<p><b>cot</b> (kŏt), cottage.</p> - -<p><b>couched</b> (koucht), placed, put.</p> - -<p><b>couˈlies</b> (ko̅o̅ˈlĭz), the beds of streams, -even if dry, when deep and having inclined -sides.</p> - -<p><b>counˈcil</b> (kounˈsĭl), an assembly of persons -met to give advice.</p> - -<p><b>council board</b>, meeting of the board.</p> - -<p><b>counˈci-lor</b> (kounˈsĭ-lẽr), a member of a -council.</p> - -<p><b>counˈseled</b> (kounˈsĕld), advised.</p> - -<p><b>counˈte-nance</b> (kounˈte᷵-năns), the expression -or color of the face; favor, -encouragement.</p> - -<p><b>counˈter-feit</b> (kounˈtẽr-fĭt), to imitate.</p> - -<p><b>counˈter-partˈ</b> (kounˈtẽr-pärtˈ), a copy, -duplicate.</p> - -<p><b>couˈri-er</b> (ko̅o̅ˈrĭ-ẽr), a messenger.</p> - -<p><b>course</b> (kōrs), track, way.</p> - -<p><b>coursˈer</b> (kōrˈsẽr), a war horse.</p> - -<p><b>courtˈed perˈil</b> (kōrtˈĕd pĕrˈĭl), sought -danger.</p> - -<p><b>courˈte-ous</b> (kûrˈte᷵-ŭs), polite.</p> - -<p><b>courˈte-sy</b> (kûrˈte᷵sī), courtliness.</p> - -<p><b>courtˈier</b> (kōrtˈyĕr), one who attends -courts, one having courtly manners.</p> - -<p><b>cove</b> (kōv), a small sheltered inlet, creek, -or bay.</p> - -<p><b>covˈe-nant</b> (kŭvˈe᷵-nănt), an agreement -between two or more persons or parties.</p> - -<p><b>covˈer-hauntˈing</b>, shelter-frequenting.</p> - -<p><b>covˈert</b> (kŭvˈẽrt), shelter, covering.</p> - -<p><b>covˈet</b> (kŭvˈĕt), to wish for eagerly.</p> - -<p><b>cowˈer</b> (kouˈẽr), crouch, quail.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_600" id="Page_600">[600]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>crabˈbed-ly honˈest</b> (krăbˈĕd-lĭ ŏnˈĕst), -unpleasantly or sullenly honest.</p> - -<p><b>cradle-crooning</b>, a lullaby.</p> - -<p><b>craft</b> (krȧft), trade; a vessel.</p> - -<p><b>craftˈi-ly</b> (krȧftˈĭ-lĭ), slyly, cunningly.</p> - -<p><b>crafty</b> (krȧfˈtĭ), skillful, shrewd.</p> - -<p><b>crag</b> (krăg), a steep, rugged rock.</p> - -<p><b>crane</b> (krān), a wading bird, having a -long bill and long legs and neck.</p> - -<p><b>craˈni-um</b> (krāˈnĭ-ŭm), skull, head.</p> - -<p><b>crankˈy</b> (krănkˈĭ), out of order, ill-tempered, -liable to tip.</p> - -<p><b>crave</b> (krāv), to beg.</p> - -<p><b>cre-duˈli-ty</b> (kre᷵-dūˈlĭ-tĭ), belief or readiness -of belief.</p> - -<p><b>crest</b> (krĕst), peak, summit, top.</p> - -<p><b>crestˈfall-en</b> (krĕstˈfôl’n), with hanging -head, dejected.</p> - -<p><b>crest-waving Hector</b>, Hector, a famous -Trojan warrior, represented with waving -plume, fantastically applied to a -weed.</p> - -<p><b>crevˈice</b> (krĕvˈĭs), a small opening.</p> - -<p><b>crimp</b> (krĭmp), to give a wavy appearance -to.</p> - -<p><b>criˈsis</b> (krīˈsĭs), decisive moment, time -of difficulty.</p> - -<p><b>critˈi-cal</b> (krĭtˈĭ-kăl), with careful judgment, -exact.</p> - -<p><b>croakˈing</b> (krōkˈĭng), hoarse, dismal -sound.</p> - -<p><b>cropˈped</b> (krŏpt), bit or snipped off.</p> - -<p><b>crossˈ-hiltˌed</b> (krŏsˈhĭltˌĕd), a sword -hilt having a cross guard, thus forming -with the blade a Latin cross.</p> - -<p><b>cruˈci-fix</b> (kro̅o̅ˈsĭ-fĭks), a representation -of the figure of Christ upon the cross.</p> - -<p><b>cruise</b> (kro̅o̅z), to wander hither and -thither.</p> - -<p><b>crulˈler</b> (krŭlˈẽr), a small, sweet cake -fried brown in deep fat.</p> - -<p><b>crysˈtal</b> (krĭsˈtăl), clear.</p> - -<p><b>cuckˈoo</b> (ko͡okˈo̅o̅), a bird grayish brown -in color with a note like the name.</p> - -<p><b>cudgˈel</b> (kŭjˈĕl), a short thick stick; to -beat.</p> - -<p><b>cuˈli-na-ry</b> (kūˈlĭ-na᷵-rĭ), of the kitchen, -cooking.</p> - -<p><b>cullˈing</b> (kŭlˈĭng), choosing.</p> - -<p><b>cumˈber</b> (kŭmˈbẽr), trouble; vexation.</p> - -<p><b>cunˈning</b> (kŭnˈĭng), skillful, shrewd; -craft, wisdom.</p> - -<p><b>cuˈpo-la</b> (kūˈpō-lȧ), a small structure -built on top of a building.</p> - -<p><b>curb</b> (kûrb), a chain or strap attached to -the upper part of a bit.</p> - -<p><b>curbˈstoneˈ</b> (kûrbˈstōnˈ), an edge stone, a -stone set along a margin as a limit -and protection.</p> - -<p><b>curˈdling</b> (kûrˈdlĭng), thickening.</p> - -<p><b>cuˈri-ous inˌcon-sisˈten-cy</b> (kūˈrĭ-ŭs inˌkŏn-sĭsˈtĕn-sĭ), -something strangely -out of place with its surroundings.</p> - -<p><b>curˈlew</b> (kûrˈlū), a kind of bird.</p> - -<p><b>curˈrent coinˈage</b> (kŭrˈĕnt koinˈa᷵j), the -money in circulation.</p> - -<p><b>cutˈlass</b> (kŭtˈlȧs), a short, heavy, curving -sword.</p> - -<p><b>cy-linˈdri-cal</b> (sĭ-lĭnˈdrĭ-kăl), having the -form of a cylinder.</p> - -<p><b>cynˈi-cal</b> (sĭnˈĭ-kăl), with sneering disbelief -in sincerity.</p> - -<p><b>cyˈpress</b> (sīˈprĕs), a dark-green tree.</p> - -<p><b>dabˈbling</b> (dăbˈlĭng), working slightly or -superficially.</p> - -<p><b>dalˈli-er</b> (dălˈĭ-ẽr), one who wastes time.</p> - -<p><b>dam</b> (dăm), the mother bear.</p> - -<p><b>Da-masˈcus</b> (dȧ-măsˈkŭs), a city of -Syria, famous for its silks and steel.</p> - -<p><b>dame</b> (dām), wife.</p> - -<p><b>Dan Apolˈlo</b> (dăn ȧpŏlˈlō), the sun.</p> - -<p><b>dangˈling</b> (dănˈglĭng), hanging loosely.</p> - -<p><b>dapˈpled</b> (dăpˈl’d), spotted.</p> - -<p><b>dark as-serˈtion</b> (ă-sûrˈshŭn), a statement -with a hidden meaning.</p> - -<p><b>daunt</b> (dänt), to dismay.</p> - -<p><b>de-barkedˈ</b> (de᷵-bärktˈ), removed from on -board a ship.</p> - -<p><b>de-bouchˈ</b> (de᷵-bo̅o̅shˈ), to march out -from a wood, defile, etc., into open -ground; issue.</p> - -<p><b>de-ceaseˈ</b> (de᷵-sēsˈ), death.</p> - -<p><b>de-ceitˈ</b> (de᷵-sētˈ), fraud.</p> - -<p><b>de-cepˈtion</b> (de᷵-sĕpˈshŭn), fraud.</p> - -<p><b>de-cidˈed-ly</b> (de᷵-sīdˈĕd-lĭ), unquestionably.</p> - -<p><b>de-ciˈpher</b> (de᷵-sīˈfẽr), to make out or -read.</p> - -<p><b>de-ciˈsion</b> (de᷵-sĭzhˈŭn), judgment, conclusion.</p> - -<p><b>de-clinˈing</b> (de᷵-klīnˈĭng), failing.</p> - -<p><b>de-clivˈi-ty</b> (de᷵-klĭvˈĭ-tĭ), slope.</p> - -<p><b>de-coˈrum</b> (de᷵-kōˈrŭm), fitness, propriety.</p> - -<p><b>de-creedˈ</b> (de᷵-krēdˈ), decided, ordered.</p> - -<p><b>de-crepˈi-tude</b> (de᷵-krĕpˈĭ-tūd), weakness.</p> - -<p><b>de-facedˈ</b> (de᷵-fāstˈ), disfigured, marred.</p> - -<p><b>de-fendˈant</b> (de᷵-fĕndˈănt), a person required -to make answer (defense) in an -action or suit in law.</p> - -<p><b>de-fiˈance</b> (de᷵-fīˈăns), challenge.</p> - -<p><b>de-frayˈ</b> (de᷵-frāˈ), to pay.</p> - -<p><b>de-fyˈ</b> (de᷵-fīˈ), to challenge.</p> - -<p><b>deign</b> (dān), to condescend.</p> - -<p><b>de-jectˈed</b> (de᷵-jĕkˈtĕd), depressed, sad.</p> - -<p><b>de-lecˈta-ble</b> (de᷵-lĕkˈtȧ-b’l), delightful, -delicious.</p> - -<p><b>de-libˌer-aˈtion</b> (de᷵-lĭbˌẽr-āˈshŭn), careful -consideration; slowness in action.</p> - -<p><b>de-linˈe-ate</b> (de᷵-lĭnˈe᷵-āt), to describe.</p> - -<p><b>de-lirˈi-ous</b> (de᷵-lĭrˈĭ-ŭs), insane, raving.</p> - -<p><b>de-livˈer-ance</b> (de᷵-lĭvˈẽr-ăns), rescue.</p> - -<p><b>de-ludˈed</b> (de᷵-lūdˈĕd), misled, disappointed, -deceived.</p> - -<p><b>delˈuge</b> (dĕlˈūj), flood.</p> - -<p><b>de-luˈsions</b> (de᷵-lūˈzhŭnz), false beliefs, -misleadings.</p> - -<p><b>de-luˈsive</b> (de᷵-lu᷵ˈsĭv), deceptive.</p> - -<p><b>delve</b> (dĕlv), labor.</p> - -<p><b>de-meanˈor</b> (de᷵-mēnˈẽr), manner, conduct.</p> - -<p><b>de-morˈal-ized</b> (de᷵-mŏrˈăl-īzd), cast into -disorder.</p> - -<p><b>de-nomˈi-natˌed</b> (de᷵-nŏmˈĭ-nātˌed), called, -named.</p> - -<p><b>de-plorˈa-bly desˈo-late</b> (dē-plōrˈȧ-blĭ -dĕsˈō-lāt), with nothing to relieve the -gloom.</p> - -<p><b>de-ploreˈ</b> (de᷵-plōrˈ), regret.</p> - -<p><b>de-portˈment</b> (de᷵-pôrtˈmĕnt), behavior.</p> - -<p><b>de-posedˈ</b> (de᷵-pōzdˈ), dethroned, deprived -of office.</p> - -<p><b>de-preˈci-ate</b> (de᷵-prēˈshĭ-āt), to lower.</p> - -<p><b>depˌre-daˈtion</b> (dĕpˌre᷵-dāˈshŭn), act of -plundering.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_601" id="Page_601">[601]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>de-rangedˈ</b> (de᷵-rānjdˈ), unsettled, disturbed, -disarranged.</p> - -<p><b>de-scriedˈ</b> (de᷵-skrīdˈ), beheld.</p> - -<p><b>desˈe-crate</b> (dĕsˈe᷵-krāt), to profane, put -to an unworthy cause.</p> - -<p><b>desˈo-late</b> (dĕsˈō-lāt), uninhabited, lonely, -forsaken.</p> - -<p><b>desˌo-laˈtion</b> (dĕsˌō-lāˈshŭn), waste, ruin, -destruction.</p> - -<p><b>desˈper-ate</b> (dĕsˈpẽr-āt), hopeless, extremely -dangerous, mad.</p> - -<p><b>desˈper-ate specˌulaˈtion</b> (dĕsˈpẽr-ȧt spĕkˌu᷵-lāˈshŭn), -extreme uncertainty.</p> - -<p><b>de-spondˈen-cy</b> (de᷵-spŏn-dĕn-sĭ), discouragement, -hopelessness.</p> - -<p><b>de-spondˈent</b> (de᷵-spŏnˈdĕnt), low-spirited.</p> - -<p><b>des-potˈic</b> (dĕs-pŏtˈĭk), tyrannical.</p> - -<p><b>desˌti-naˈtion</b> (dĕsˌtĭ-nāˈshŭn), the place -set for the end of the journey.</p> - -<p><b>desˈtined</b> (dĕsˈtĭnd), intended, doomed.</p> - -<p><b>desˈti-ny</b> (dĕsˈtĭ-nĭ), doom, fate.</p> - -<p><b>de-tachˈ</b> (de᷵-tăchˈ), to separate.</p> - -<p><b>de-tachˈment</b> (de᷵-tăchˈmĕnt), a body of -troops or part of a fleet sent on.</p> - -<p><b>de-tailˈ</b> (de᷵-tālˈ; dēˈtāl), an account -which dwells on particulars.</p> - -<p><b>de-tailedˈ</b> (de᷵-tāldˈ), related in particulars.</p> - -<p><b>de-tainˈ</b> (de᷵-tānˈ), to stop, keep.</p> - -<p><b>de-terˈmined</b> (de᷵-tûrˈmĭnd), decided, resolute.</p> - -<p><b>devˈas-tatˌing</b> (dĕvˈȧs-tātˌĭng), wasting -or ravaging.</p> - -<p><b>deˈvi-ous</b> (dēˈvĭ-ŭs), winding, rambling.</p> - -<p><b>de-voidˈ</b> (de᷵-voidˈ), destitute.</p> - -<p><b>dex-terˈi-ty</b> (dĕks-tĕrˈĭ-tĭ), skill, aptness.</p> - -<p><b>dexˈter-ous</b> (dĕksˈtẽr-ŭs), clever.</p> - -<p><b>diˈal</b> (dīˈăl), face of a watch or clock.</p> - -<p><b>diˈa-ry</b> (dīˈă-rĭ), a record of personal adventures -and experiences.</p> - -<p><b>dicˈtates of his judgˈment</b> (dĭkˈtātz; jŭjˈ-mĕnt), -those things which his good -sense forces him to do.</p> - -<p><b>dicˌta-toˈri-al</b> (dĭkˌtȧ-tōˈrĭ-ăl), overbearing</p> - -<p><b>diˈet</b> (dīˈĕt), food.</p> - -<p><b>difˌfer-enˈti-aˈtion</b> (dĭfˌẽr-ĕnˈshĭ-āˈshŭn), -act of showing the differences.</p> - -<p><b>dif-fuseˈ</b> (dĭ-fūzˈ), to spread.</p> - -<p><b>dif-fuseˈly</b> (dĭ-fūzˈlĭ), fully, copiously.</p> - -<p><b>digˈgers</b> (dĭgˈẽrz), miners, gold-seekers, -especially those lured to California in -1849, when gold was discovered.</p> - -<p><b>di-lapˈi-datˌed</b> (dĭ-lăpˈĭ-dātˌĕd), out of -repair, ruined.</p> - -<p><b>di-lateˈ</b> (dĭ-latˈ; dīˈlāt), to grow large.</p> - -<p><b>dilˈi-gence</b> (dĭlˈĭ-jĕns), care, caution.</p> - -<p><b>dilˈi-gent</b> (dĭlˈĭ-jĕnt), careful.</p> - -<p><b>dim twiˈlight of tra-diˈtion</b> (twīˈlīt; trȧ-dĭˈshŭn), -times long past about which -stories are not clear.</p> - -<p><b>dinna ye</b>, pronounce for the meter din’ye; -Scotch for <b>did not you</b>.</p> - -<p><b>dint of much effort</b>, by means of much -labor.</p> - -<p><b>direˈful</b> (dīrˈfo͡ol), terrible.</p> - -<p><b>dire-struck</b> (dīr-strŭk), struck with terror.</p> - -<p><b>disˌad-vanˈtage</b> (dĭsˌăd-vȧnˈta᷵j), unfavorable -condition, disadvantage of situation, -having a poorer place to fight.</p> - -<p><b>dis-cardˈed</b> (dĭs-kărdˈĕd), refused.</p> - -<p><b>dis-cernˈi-ble</b> (dĭ-zûrˈnĭ-b’l), seen, distinguishable.</p> - -<p><b>disˈci-plined</b> (dĭsˈĭ-plĭnd), trained.</p> - -<p><b>dis-comˈfit-ed</b> (dĭs-kŭmˈfĭt-ĕd), put to -route, defeated.</p> - -<p><b>dis-conˈso-late</b> (dĭs-kŏnˈsō-la᷵t), hopeless, -forlorn.</p> - -<p><b>dis-cordˈant</b> (dĭs-kôrˈdănt), incongruous, -contrary.</p> - -<p><b>dis-courseˈ</b> (dĭs-kōrsˈ), conversation.</p> - -<p><b>dis-credˈit</b> (dĭs-krĕdˈĭt), to disbelieve, accept -as untrue.</p> - -<p><b>dis-creˈtion</b> (dĭs-krĕshˈŭn), judgment, -prudence.</p> - -<p><b>dis-dainedˈ</b> (dĭs-dāndˈ), scorned.</p> - -<p><b>dis-guiseˈ</b> (dĭs-gīzˈ), a change in manner -or dress to mislead.</p> - -<p><b>dis-heartˈen-ing</b> (dĭs-härˈt’n-ĭng), hopeless.</p> - -<p><b>disˈmal-est</b> (dĭzˈmăl-ĕst), most dreadful.</p> - -<p><b>dis-mayˈ</b> (dĭs-māˈ), fright.</p> - -<p><b>dis-missˈ the world</b> (dĭs-mĭsˈ), leave the -world.</p> - -<p><b>dis-orˈder-ly rabˈble</b> (dĭs-ôrˈdẽr-lĭ răbˈb’l), -a mob without order.</p> - -<p><b>dis-patchˈ</b> (dĭs-păchˈ), to slay, kill.</p> - -<p><b>dis-perseˈ</b> (dĭs-pûrsˈ), to scatter.</p> - -<p><b>disˌpo-siˈtion</b> (dĭsˌpō-zĭshˈŭn), temper, -mood; getting rid of anything.</p> - -<p><b>disˌpro-porˈtioned</b> (dĭsˌprō-pŏrˈshŭnd), -not suitable in form, mismatched.</p> - -<p><b>dis-quiˈet</b> (dĭs-kwīˈĕt), uneasiness, anxiety.</p> - -<p><b>dis-ruptˈed</b> (dĭs-rŭptˈĕd), broken or -thrust asunder.</p> - -<p><b>dis-secˈtion</b> (dĭ-sĕkˈshŭn), cutting in -pieces.</p> - -<p><b>dis-semˈble</b> (dĭ-sĕmˈb’l), to hide the real -facts.</p> - -<p><b>dis-solvesˈ</b> (dĭ-zŏlvzˈ), breaks up, separates.</p> - -<p><b>dis-suadeˈ</b> (dĭ-swādˈ), advise against.</p> - -<p><b>disˈtaff</b> (dĭsˈtȧf), the staff for holding the -flax or wool, from which the thread is -drawn in spinning.</p> - -<p><b>dis-temˈper</b> (dĭs-tĕmˈpẽr), general illness.</p> - -<p><b>dis-tincˈtive</b> (dĭs-tĭnkˈtĭv), marking, -characteristic.</p> - -<p><b>dis-tinˈguished</b> (dĭs-tĭnˈgwĭsht), marked.</p> - -<p><b>dis-tracˈtion</b> (dĭs-trăkˈshŭn), confusion, -disorder, tumult.</p> - -<p><b>dis-tribˈut-er</b> (dĭs-trĭbˈu᷵t-ẽr), one who divides -or deals out something among -several or many.</p> - -<p><b>ditˈty</b> (dĭtˈĭ), a little song.</p> - -<p><b>diˈvers</b> (dīˈvẽrz), several, various, different.</p> - -<p><b>di-vestˈ</b> (dĭ-vĕstˈ), to deprive.</p> - -<p><b>di-vineˈ</b> (dĭ-vīnˈ), godlike; to foretell, -guess.</p> - -<p><b>dockˈ-baˌsin</b> (dŏkˈ-bāˌs’n), a hollow or -inclosed place containing water, a dock -for ships.</p> - -<p><b>dogˈged</b> (dôgˈĕd;—ĭd), sullen.</p> - -<p><b>doleˈful fore-bodˈings</b> (dōlˈfo͡ol fōr-bōdˈĭngz), -sad or gloomy predictions of -coming evil.</p> - -<p><b>dolˈing</b> (dōlˈĭng), distributing.</p> - -<p><b>Dolˈor-ous Garde</b> (dŏlˈẽr-ŭs gärd), sorrowful -castle.</p> - -<p><b>do-mesˈtic e-moˈtions</b> (dō-mĕsˈtĭk e᷵-mōˈshŭnz). -feelings for home things, family -feelings.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_602" id="Page_602">[602]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>domˈi-cile</b> (dŏmˈĭ-sĭl), house.</p> - -<p><b>domˈi-nate</b> (domˈĭ-nāt), to rule.</p> - -<p><b>do-minˈion</b> (dō-mĭnˈyŭn), estate; control.</p> - -<p><b>Don Cosˈsacks</b> (dŏn kŏsˈăks), a warlike -people inhabiting the steppes of Russia -along the lower Don.</p> - -<p><b>donned</b> (dŏnd), donned the serge, put on -the habit of a monk.</p> - -<p><b>Dons</b> (dŏnz), Spanish noblemen.</p> - -<p><b>doˈtard</b> (dōˈtȧrd), a foolish person, imbecile.</p> - -<p><b>doth</b> (dŭth), third person singular for -<b>do</b>.</p> - -<p><b>doubˌle-reefed tryˈsail</b> (dŭbˌ’l-rēft trīˈsāl; -trīˈs’l), a small sail taken in twice.</p> - -<p><b>douˈblet</b> (dŭbˈlĕt), a close-fitting garment -for men, with or without sleeves, -covering the body.</p> - -<p><b>doub-loonˈ</b> (dŭb-lo̅o̅nˈ), an old Spanish -gold coin varying in value at different -times from five to fifteen dollars.</p> - -<p><b>doubˈly wild</b> (dŭbˈlĭ), twice as wild.</p> - -<p><b>dram</b> (drăm), a small drink.</p> - -<p><b>draught</b>; draft (drȧft), act of drinking.</p> - -<p><b>draughts that led nowhere</b> (drȧfts), -drinks that did no good.</p> - -<p><b>drawˈbridge</b> (drôˈbrĭj), a bridge of which -either the whole or a part is made to -be raised up, let down, or drawn or -turned aside, to admit or hinder communication.</p> - -<p><b>dread</b> (drĕd), fear, imagine.</p> - -<p><b>dreadˈnaught</b> (drĕdˈnôt), a fearless person; -a huge battleship.</p> - -<p><b>dressed their shields</b>, prepared their -shields for battle.</p> - -<p><b>dressˈer</b> (drĕsˈẽr), a cupboard.</p> - -<p><b>drew our sadˈdle-girths</b> (sădˈ’l-gûrthz), -tightened the straps encircling the -body of a horse.</p> - -<p><b>drifˈters</b> (drĭfˈtẽrz), the trawlers, riding -at anchor.</p> - -<p><b>driftˈwoodˈ</b> (drĭftˈwo͡odˈ), wood drifted or -floated by water.</p> - -<p><b>dronˈing</b> (drōnˈĭng), dull, monotonous -humming, deep murmuring.</p> - -<p><b>dubbed</b> (dŭbd), called, named.</p> - -<p><b>Duke de la Rowse</b> (dūke dŭ lȧ rōs).</p> - -<p><b>dulse</b> (dŭls), coarse, red seaweed.</p> - -<p><b>Dumferling</b>, same as Dunfermline.</p> - -<p><b>Dum-friesˈ</b> (dŭm-frēsˈ).</p> - -<p><b>dunˈder-pateˌ</b> (dŭnˈdẽr-pātˌ), blockhead.</p> - -<p><b>Dun-fermˈline</b> (dŭn-fĕrmˈlĭn), a town -near Edinburgh, Scotland.</p> - -<p><b>duˌpli-caˈtion</b> (dūˌplĭ-kāˈshŭn), doubling.</p> - -<p><b>Durˈham</b> (dŭrˈăm), a town near Edinburgh, -Scotland.</p> - -<p><b>dyˈna-mite</b> (dīˈnȧ-mīt), an explosive.</p> - -<p><b>eagle of the sea</b>, warship.</p> - -<p><b>easy wings</b>, slow-moving wings.</p> - -<p><b>ebˈon-y</b> (ĕbˈŭn-ĭ), a heavy wood from the -tropics, capable of a fine polish; black.</p> - -<p><b>ebˌul-liˈtion</b> (ĕbˌŭ-lĭshˈŭn), outburst.</p> - -<p><b>ec-statˈic</b> (ĕk-stătˈĭk), enthusiastic.</p> - -<p><b>edˈdies</b> (ĕdˈĭz), currents of air or water -running contrary to the main current.</p> - -<p><b>edercate</b>, dialect for <b>edˈu-cate</b>.</p> - -<p><b>ef-fectˈed</b> (ĕ-fĕkˈtĕd), done, carried out.</p> - -<p><b>ef-feteˈ</b> (ĕf-fētˈ), exhausted of productive -energy, worn out.</p> - -<p><b>ef-fiˈcient</b> (ĕ-fĭshˈĕnt), capable, competent.</p> - -<p><b>effˈi-gy</b> (ĕfˈĭ-jĭ), an image made to represent -some person.</p> - -<p><b>ef-fulˈgent</b> (ĕ-fŭlˈjĕnt), shining, bright.</p> - -<p><b>eˈgo</b> (ēˈgō), self.</p> - -<p><b>e-jacˌu-laˈtion</b> (e᷵-jăkˌu᷵-lāˈshŭn), sudden -exclamation.</p> - -<p><b>eke out</b> (ēk), to add to or piece out by -a small addition.</p> - -<p><b>e-lapsedˈ</b> (e᷵-lăpsdˈ), slipped away.</p> - -<p><b>e-lateˈ</b> (e᷵-lātˈ), exultant.</p> - -<p><b>El-do-raˈdo</b> (ĕl-dō-räˈdō), a fabulous city -of great wealth, hence, any place or -region of fabulous richness.</p> - -<p><b>e-lecˈtion</b> (e᷵-lĕkˈshŭn), choice.</p> - -<p><b>e-lecˌtion-eerˈ</b> (e᷵-lĕkˌshŭn-ērˈ), to work -for a person or party in an election.</p> - -<p><b>e-lecˈtric telˈe-graph</b> (e᷵-lĕkˈtrĭk tĕlˈe᷵-grȧf), -an apparatus constructed for -sending messages along a wire by -means of electricity.</p> - -<p><b>e-lecˈtro-typed</b> (e᷵-lĕkˈtrō-tīpt), covered -with metal.</p> - -<p><b>elˈe-gy</b> (ĕlˈe᷵-jĭ), a mournful or plaintive -poem.</p> - -<p><b>elˈfin</b> (ĕlˈfĭn), fairy.</p> - -<p><b>elˈi-gi-ble</b> (ĕlˈĭ-jĭ-b’l), desirable.</p> - -<p><b>Elˈi-ot, John</b> (ĕlˈĭ-ŭt), the apostle to the -Indians of North America.</p> - -<p><b>elk</b> (ĕlk), an animal similar to the moose.</p> - -<p><b>Elˈlers-lie</b> (ĕlˈlẽrz-lĭ), a town near Glasgow, -Scotland.</p> - -<p><b>elm</b> (ĕlm), a tree generally of large size.</p> - -<p><b>elˈo-quence</b> (ĕlˈō-kwĕns), forceful talk -showing strong feeling.</p> - -<p><b>e-maˈci-atˌed</b> (e᷵-māˈshĭ-ātˌĕd), wasted -away in flesh.</p> - -<p><b>e-manˌci-paˈtion</b> (e᷵-mănˌsĭ-pāˈshŭn), -freedom.</p> - -<p><b>emˈbas-sies</b> (ĕmˈbȧ-sĭz), messages, missions.</p> - -<p><b>em-belˈlish</b> (ĕm-bĕlˈĭsh), beautify.</p> - -<p><b>em-blaˈzon-ry</b> (ĕm-blāˈz’n-rĭ), brilliant -decoration, as pictures or figures on -shields, standards.</p> - -<p><b>em-bosˈomed</b> (ĕm-bo͡ozˈŭmd), sheltered.</p> - -<p><b>emˈer-ald</b> (ĕmˈẽr-ăld), a green gem.</p> - -<p><b>e-merˈgen-cy</b> (e᷵-mûrˈjĕn-sĭ), necessity, -crisis.</p> - -<p><b>Emˈpire State</b> (ĕmˈpīr), New York.</p> - -<p><b>em-ploy-eeˈ</b> (ĕm-ploi-ēˈ), a clerk or workman -in the service of an employer.</p> - -<p><b>emˌu-laˈtion</b> (ĕmˌu᷵-lāˈshŭn), striving to -imitate.</p> - -<p><b>en-chantˈed</b> (ĕn-chȧntˈĕd), bewitched, -charmed.</p> - -<p><b>en-comˈpass</b> (en-kŭmˈpȧs), surround.</p> - -<p><b>en-counˈtered</b> (ĕn-kounˈtẽrd), met face -to face.</p> - -<p><b>en-croachˈing zeal</b> (ĕn-krōchˈĭng zēl), -eagerness which goes beyond desirable -limits.</p> - -<p><b>en-cumˈbered</b> (ĕn-kŭmˈbẽrd), burdened.</p> - -<p><b>en-deavˈor</b> (ĕn-dĕvˈẽr), trial.</p> - -<p><b>en-dowˈment</b> (ĕn-douˈmĕnt), gift.</p> - -<p><b>enˈer-get-i-cal-ly</b> (ĕnˈẽr-jĕt-ĭ-kăl-lĭ), -strenuously.</p> - -<p><b>en-forˈcing</b> (ĕn-fōrˈsĭng), putting in force -or operation.</p> - -<p><b>en-gagˈing</b> (ĕn-gājˈĭng), pledging, promising.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_603" id="Page_603">[603]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>en-genˈdered</b> (ĕn-jĕnˈdẽrd), caused, bred.</p> - -<p><b>en-joinedˈ</b> (ĕn-joindˈ), commanded, -charged.</p> - -<p><b>en-meshedˈ</b> (ĕn-mĕshtˈ), caught or entangled, -as in meshes.</p> - -<p><b>enˈsign</b> (ĕnˈsīn), flag.</p> - -<p><b>en-suedˈ</b> (ĕn-sūdˈ), followed as a result.</p> - -<p><b>en-tailˈed the ne-cesˈsi-ty</b> (ĕn-tāldˈ the -ne᷵-sĕsˈĭ-tĭ), made it necessary.</p> - -<p><b>enˈter-tained</b> (ĕnˈtẽr-tānd), held.</p> - -<p><b>enˈter-tainˈment</b> (ĕnˌtẽr-tānˈmĕnt), encounter, -diversion.</p> - -<p><b>en-treatˈy</b> (ĕn-trētˈĭ), an earnest request.</p> - -<p><b>en-velˈop</b> (ĕn-vĕlˈŭp), to surround.</p> - -<p><b>enˈvoy</b> (ĕnˈvoi), one sent on a mission, a -representative to a foreign country.</p> - -<p><b>epˈau-let</b> (ĕpˈô-lĕt), a shoulder ornament -worn by military and naval officers and -indicating differences of rank.</p> - -<p><b>epˈi-cur-ism</b> (ĕpˈĭ-kūr-ĭz’m; ĕpˈĭ-kūˈrĭz’m), -pleasures of the table, delight -in food.</p> - -<p><b>epˈi-sodes</b> (ĕpˈĭ-sōds), experiences, occurrences.</p> - -<p><b>epˈi-taph</b> (ĕpˈĭ-tȧf), an inscription on a -tombstone.</p> - -<p><b>eˈqual aˈgen-cy</b> (ēˈkwăl āˈjĕn-sĭ), equal -share.</p> - -<p><b>eqˈui-ta-ble</b> (ĕkˈwĭ-tȧ-b’l), just, fair.</p> - -<p><b>e-radˈi-catˌed</b> (e᷵-rădˈĭ-kātˌĕd), destroyed.</p> - -<p><b>erˈrant</b> (ĕrˈănt), wandering.</p> - -<p><b>er-ratˈic</b> (ĕ-rătˈĭk), irregular, queer.</p> - -<p><b>erˌu-diˈtion</b> (ĕrˌo͡o-dĭshˈŭn), learning.</p> - -<p><b>Eshˈcol</b> (ĕshˈkŏl), a valley in Palestine -from which the spies, sent out by -Moses, brought back fine grapes. -Numbers XIII.</p> - -<p><b>es-pousˈal</b> (ĕs-pouzˈăl), marriage.</p> - -<p><b>es-pousedˈ</b> (ĕs-pouzdˈ), took up the cause -of; adopted, made his own.</p> - -<p><b>es-sayedˈ</b> (ĕ-sādˈ), tried.</p> - -<p><b>es-tateˈ</b> (ĕs-tātˈ), possessions.</p> - -<p><b>esteemed it not</b>, cared nothing for it.</p> - -<p><b>e-terˈnal</b> (e᷵-tẽrˈnăl), always existing.</p> - -<p><b>eˈther</b> (ēˈthẽr), sky.</p> - -<p><b>e-theˈre-al</b> (e᷵-thēˈre᷵-ăl), heavenly.</p> - -<p><b>e-theˈre-al-ize</b> (e᷵-thēˈre᷵-ăl-īz), spiritualize.</p> - -<p><b>E-vanˈge-line</b> (e᷵-vănˈje᷵-lēn).</p> - -<p><b>e-vincedˈ</b> (e᷵-vĭnstˈ), showed clearly.</p> - -<p><b>evˌo-luˈtion</b> (ĕvˌō-lūˈshŭn), development.</p> - -<p><b>eweˈneck</b> (ūˈnĕk), an insufficiently -arched neck, like that of a sheep.</p> - -<p><b>ex-agˈger-at-ˌed ap-pre-ci-aˈtion</b> (ĕg-zăjˈẽr-āt-ˌed -ă-prē-shĭ-āˈshŭn), enlarged -valuation.</p> - -<p><b>ex-altˈing</b> (ĕg-zôltˈĭng), lifting up with -joy.</p> - -<p><b>ex-asˈper-atˌed</b> (ĕg-zăsˈpẽr-ātˌĕd), made -more grievous, embittered, made -harsher.</p> - -<p><b>Ex-calˈi-bur</b> (ĕks-kălˈĭ-bŭr), the sword of -King Arthur.</p> - -<p><b>ex-ceedˈ</b> (ĕk-sēdˈ), to go beyond.</p> - -<p><b>ex-cessˈ</b> (ĕk-sĕsˈ), superabundance.</p> - -<p><b>ex-cesˈsive-ly</b> (ĕk-sĕsˈĭv-lĭ), exceptionally, -more than usually.</p> - -<p><b>Ex-cheqˈuer</b> (ĕks-chĕkˈẽr), department -of English government for collection of -revenues.</p> - -<p><b>ex-culˈpat-ing</b> (ĕks-kŭlˈpāt-ĭng; ĕksˈkŭlpāt-ĭng), -proving to be guiltless.</p> - -<p><b>exˈe-cute</b> (ĕkˈse᷵-kūt), perform.</p> - -<p><b>exˌe-cuˈtion</b> (ĕkˌse᷵-kūˈshŭn), putting to -death.</p> - -<p><b>ex-ecˈu-tor</b> (ĕg-zĕkˈu᷵-tẽr), the person -named by another person to carry out -his will after death.</p> - -<p><b>ex-emptˈ</b> (ĕg-zĕmptˈ), exclude.</p> - -<p><b>ex-ertˈ</b> (ĕg-zûrtˈ), put forth, attempt.</p> - -<p><b>exˌha-laˈtion</b> (ĕksˌhȧ-lāˈshŭn), breath.</p> - -<p><b>ex-haustˈed</b> (ĕg-zôstˈĕd), tired out, wearied.</p> - -<p><b>ex-hortˈed</b> (ĕg-zôrtˈĕd), urged.</p> - -<p><b>ex-panseˈ</b> (ĕks-pănsˈ), stretch, extent of -space.</p> - -<p><b>ex-peˈdi-ent</b> (ĕks-pēˈdĭ-ĕnt), shift, suitable -means to accomplish an end.</p> - -<p><b>exˌpe-diˈtion</b> (ĕksˌpe᷵-dĭshˈŭn), an important -journey for a specific purpose.</p> - -<p><b>ex-pertˈ</b> (ĕks-pûrtˈ), skillful.</p> - -<p><b>exˌpi-aˈtion</b> (ĕksˌpĭ-āˈshŭn), atonement, -reparation.</p> - -<p><b>ex-ploitˈ</b> (ĕks-ploitˈ), deed.</p> - -<p><b>ex-posedˈ</b> (ĕks-pōzdˈ), deprived of shelter.</p> - -<p><b>ex-poˈsure</b> (ĕks-pōˈzhu᷵r), being open to -danger.</p> - -<p><b>ex-poundˈ</b> (ĕks-poundˈ), explain.</p> - -<p><b>express intention</b> (ĭn-tĕnˈshŭn), clear determination -or one idea.</p> - -<p><b>exˈqui-site</b> (ĕksˈkwĭ-zĭt), rare, perfect.</p> - -<p><b>ex-tentˈ</b> (ĕks-tĕntˈ), space, measure.</p> - -<p><b>ex-tenˈu-ate</b> (ĕks-tĕnˈū-āt), to treat as -of small importance.</p> - -<p><b>ex-terˈmi-natˌing</b> (ĕks-tûrˈmĭ-nātˌĭng), -destroying utterly, killing all the members -of.</p> - -<p><b>ex-tinctˈ</b> (ĕks-tĭnktˈ), no longer living, -inactive.</p> - -<p><b>ex-tractˈed</b> (ĕx-trăkˈtĕd), got.</p> - -<p><b>ex-traorˈdi-na-ry</b> (ĕks-trôrˈdĭ-na᷵-ry), remarkable.</p> - -<p><b>ex-travˈa-gance</b> (ĕks-trăvˈȧ-găns), overdoing, -recklessness.</p> - -<p><b>ex-tremeˈ</b> (ĕks-trēmˈ), farthest.</p> - -<p><b>ex-tremˈi-ty</b> (ĕks-trĕmˈĭ-tĭ), greatest -need.</p> - -<p><b>exˈtri-cate</b> (ĕksˈtrĭ-kāt), to free.</p> - -<p><b>ex-ultˈ</b> (ĕgz-ŭlt), rejoice exceedingly.</p> - -<p><b>fabˈri-cate</b> (făbˈrĭ-kāt), construct.</p> - -<p><b>fa-cilˈi-ty</b> (fȧ-sĭlˈĭ-tĭ), ease in performance; -advantage; aid.</p> - -<p><b>facˈtor</b> (făkˈtẽr), element.</p> - -<p><b>facˈul-ties</b> (făkˈŭl-tĭz), talents, cleverness, -means, resources.</p> - -<p><b>fagˈot</b>; fagˈgot (făgˈŭt), bundle of sticks.</p> - -<p><b>fain</b> (fān), eagerly.</p> - -<p><b>fain en-treatˈ</b> (fān ĕn-trētˈ), gladly ask.</p> - -<p><b>fair conquest</b>, what he had won honorably.</p> - -<p><b>fair-languaged</b>, of fine and appropriate -speech.</p> - -<p><b>faith I owe</b>, pledge I owe.</p> - -<p><b>faithˈless</b> (fāthˈlĕs), disloyal.</p> - -<p><b>Falˈkirk</b> (fôlˈkûrk).</p> - -<p><b>falˈter</b> (fôlˈtẽr), to hesitate.</p> - -<p><b>fanˈcies</b> (fănˈsĭz), whims.</p> - -<p><b>Faneuil</b> (fănˈĕl) <b>Hall</b>, one of the landmarks -of colonial Boston.</p> - -<p><b>fang</b> (făng), a long, sharp tooth.</p> - -<p><b>Faroe Islands</b> (fârˈo; fāˈrō), a group of -islands in the North Sea between the -Shetlands and Iceland.</p> - -<p><b>fasˈci-natˌing crook</b> (făsˈĭ-nātˌĭng -kro͡ok), charming hook, enticing hook.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_604" id="Page_604">[604]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>fast by</b>, close by.</p> - -<p><b>fasten a quarrel</b>, start a quarrel.</p> - -<p><b>fas-tidˈi-ous</b> (făs-tĭdˈĭ-ŭs), difficult to -please.</p> - -<p><b>fathˈom</b> (făthˈŭm), search; a measure of -length containing six feet used chiefly -in measuring cables and depth of -water.</p> - -<p><b>fa-tiguedˈ</b> (fȧ-tēgdˈ), tired.</p> - -<p><b>Feast of the Holy Trinity</b> (trĭnˈĭ-tĭ), the -Sunday next after Pentecost.</p> - -<p><b>feat</b> (fēt), noble deed, exploit.</p> - -<p><b>feign</b> (fān), pretend.</p> - -<p><b>fe-licˈi-ty</b> (fe᷵-lĭsˈĭ-tĭ), bliss, happiness.</p> - -<p><b>fell</b> (fĕl), an elevated wild field, moor, -down.</p> - -<p><b>feller</b>, dialect for <b>fellow</b> (fĕlˈō), man.</p> - -<p><b>felˈlow</b> (fĕlˈō), companion.</p> - -<p><b>felˈlow-ship</b> (fĕlˈō-shĭp), company.</p> - -<p><b>felˈon</b> (fĕlˈŭn), criminal, a wicked person.</p> - -<p><b>ferˈment</b> (fûrˈmĕnt), tumult, excitement.</p> - -<p><b>fe-rocˈi-ty</b> (fe᷵-rŏsˈĭ-tĭ), cruelty, fury, -fierceness.</p> - -<p><b>ferˈrule</b> (fĕrˈo͡ol), ruler.</p> - -<p><b>ferˌry-boatˈ</b> (fĕrˌĭ-bōtˈ), a vessel to carry -passengers or freight across a narrow -body of water.</p> - -<p><b>fer-tilˈi-ty of ex-peˈdi-ents</b> (fẽr-tĭlˈĭ-tĭ; -ĕks-pēˈdĭ-ĕnts), quickness of finding a -suitable means to accomplish an end.</p> - -<p><b>ferˈvor</b> (fûrˈvẽr), earnestness.</p> - -<p><b>fes-toonˈ</b> (fĕs-to̅o̅nˈ), a wreath; to hang -in a curve.</p> - -<p><b>feud</b> (fūd), strife.</p> - -<p><b>fever-and-aˈgue</b> (āˈgū), fever and chills -and sweats.</p> - -<p><b>fi-delˈi-ty</b> (fĭ-dĕlˈĭ-tĭ), faith, loyalty.</p> - -<p><b>fie</b> (fī), an exclamation denoting disgust.</p> - -<p><b>files</b> (fīlz), rows.</p> - -<p><b>filˈial</b> (fĭlˈyăl), becoming to a child in relation -to his parents.</p> - -<p><b>filˈly</b> (fĭlˈĭ), young horse.</p> - -<p><b>filmed eyes</b> (fĭlmd), half covered eyes.</p> - -<p><b>fi-nanˈcial</b> (fĭ-nănˈshăl), connected with -money matters.</p> - -<p><b>fi-nesseˈ</b> (fī-nĕsˈ), cunning.</p> - -<p><b>fire</b> (fīr), courage, enthusiasm.</p> - -<p><b>fire-box</b> (fīr-bŏks), tinder box furnished -with flint and steel to produce a spark.</p> - -<p><b>firˈma-ment</b> (fûrˈmȧ-mĕnt), heavens, sky.</p> - -<p><b>fitˈful song</b> (fĭtˈfo͡ol) irregular song.</p> - -<p><b>flail</b> (flāl), a tool for threshing grain.</p> - -<p><b>Flanˈders</b> (flănˈdẽrz), an ancient country -of Europe, now part of Belgium, Holland, -and France.</p> - -<p><b>flank</b> (flănk), the fleshy part of the side -of an animal between the ribs and the -hip.</p> - -<p><b>flash of flutˈter-ing draˈper-y</b> (flăsh of -flŭtˈẽr-ĭng drāˈpẽr-ĭ), sight of her dress -fluttering or blowing about.</p> - -<p><b>flauntˈing</b> (fläntˈĭng), displaying with -pride or in a showy manner.</p> - -<p><b>Flemˈish</b> (flĕmˈĭsh), pertaining to Flanders, -one of the provinces of Belgium.</p> - -<p><b>Flimˈen</b> (flĭmˈ’n).</p> - -<p><b>flinched</b> (flĭncht), withdrew, drew back.</p> - -<p><b>flood of golden glory</b>, a great shining -light reaching into every part.</p> - -<p><b>Floˈres</b> (flōˈrĕz).</p> - -<p><b>floutˈed</b> (floutˈĕd), mocked.</p> - -<p><b>fluˈen-cy</b> (flo̅o̅ˈĕn-sĭ), smoothness, readiness -of speech.</p> - -<p><b>flume</b> (flo̅o̅m), an inclined channel, usually -of wood, for conveying water from -a distance, to be utilized for power.</p> - -<p><b>flurˈried</b> (flŭrˈĭd), excited.</p> - -<p><b>flush</b> (flŭsh), well supplied with money.</p> - -<p><b>flush deck</b>, floor of the boat is even with -the sides, no railing.</p> - -<p><b>flux and reflux</b>, flowing in and out.</p> - -<p><b>fold</b> (fōld), offspring.</p> - -<p><b>forˈard, forˈward</b> (fôrˈwẽrd), the fore part -of a vessel.</p> - -<p><b>forˈay</b> (fŏrˈȧ), raid.</p> - -<p><b>for-bearˈance</b> (fôr-bârˈăns), the exercise -of patience, long-suffering.</p> - -<p><b>ford</b> (fōrd), a stream, a place in a river -where it may be passed by wading.</p> - -<p><b>foreˈbent ears</b> (fōrˈbĕnt ērz), ears turned -forward.</p> - -<p><b>foreˈcas-tle</b> (fōrˈkȧs’l; nautical, fōkˈs’l), -a short upper deck forward, raised like -a castle.</p> - -<p><b>fore-goˈ</b> (fōr-gōˈ), renounce, give up.</p> - -<p><b>foreˌtopˈmast</b> (fōrˌtŏpˈmȧst), a mast -next above the first mast.</p> - -<p><b>forˈfeit-ed</b> (fôrˈfĭt-ĕd), lost by an error -or offense.</p> - -<p><b>forˈmi-da-ble</b> (fôrˈmĭ-dȧ-b’l), terrible.</p> - -<p><b>for-soothˈ</b> (fôr-so̅o̅thˈ), certainly.</p> - -<p><b>forthˈwith</b> (fōrthˈwĭthˈ), directly, without -delay.</p> - -<p><b>forˈti-tude</b> (fôrˈtĭ-tūd), strength, courage.</p> - -<p><b>Fort Larˈa-mie</b> (lărˈȧ-mĭ), in Wyoming.</p> - -<p><b>Fort Mont-gomˈer-y</b> (mŏnt-gŭmˈẽr-ĭ), an -American fort on the Hudson river, -during the Revolutionary War.</p> - -<p><b>fosˈter father</b> (fŏsˈtẽr), a man who -has performed the duties of a parent to -the child of another by rearing the -child as his own.</p> - -<p><b>fouled</b> (fould), entangled.</p> - -<p><b>foun-daˈtion</b> (foun-dāˈshŭn), basis.</p> - -<p><b>founˈder</b> (founˈdẽr), to become filled with -water and sink.</p> - -<p><b>fowlˈing-piece</b> (foulˈĭng-pēs), light gun -for shooting birds or small animals.</p> - -<p><b>franˈti-cal-ly</b> (frănˈtĭ-kăl-ĭ), wildly.</p> - -<p><b>fraudˈu-lent</b> (frôdˈu᷵-lĕnt), dishonest.</p> - -<p><b>fraught</b> (frôt), filled, burdened.</p> - -<p><b>freak</b> (frēk), whim.</p> - -<p><b>free of their lives</b>, willingly ready to -give their lives.</p> - -<p><b>fre-quentˈed</b> (fre᷵-kwĕntˈĕd), visited -often, resorted to frequently.</p> - -<p><b>frigˈate</b> (frĭgˈāt), a light vessel propelled -by sails and by oars.</p> - -<p><b>fringed genˈtian</b> (frĭnjd jĕnˈshăn), a -flower.</p> - -<p><b>frinˈging</b> (frĭnˈjĭng), bordering.</p> - -<p><b>frisk</b> (frĭsk), a frolic, gay time, vacation.</p> - -<p><b>frolˈic</b> (frŏlˈĭk), merry.</p> - -<p><b>fronˈtier</b> (frŏnˈtēr), border.</p> - -<p><b>fruˈgal</b> (fro̅o̅ˈgăl), sparing, unwasteful.</p> - -<p><b>fruitˈless strugˈgles</b> (fro̅o̅tˈlĕs strŭgˈ’lz), -great effort without results.</p> - -<p><b>fuˈgi-tive</b> (fūˈjĭ-tĭv), one who flees from -pursuit, danger, or service.</p> - -<p><b>fuˈgi-tive sovˈer-eign</b> (fūˈjĭ-tĭv sŏvˈẽr-ĭn), -ruler who was in hiding.</p> - -<p><b>ful-filˈling your be-hestˈ</b> (fo͡ol-fĭlˈĭng your -be᷵ˈhĕst), carrying out your order.</p> - -<p><b>full noble surgeon</b> (sûrˈjŭn), a good doctor.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_605" id="Page_605">[605]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>fume</b> (fūm), to fill with vapors or odors, -as a room, to perfume as with incense.</p> - -<p><b>funˈnel</b> (fŭnˈĕl), anything the shape of a -hollow cone.</p> - -<p><b>furˈbish-ing</b> (fûrˈbĭsh-ĭng), cleaning, -freshening.</p> - -<p><b>furˈlong</b> (fûrˈlŏng), forty rods.</p> - -<p><b>fuˈry</b> (fūˈrĭ), rage, fierceness.</p> - -<p><b>fu-tilˈi-ty</b> (fu᷵-tĭlˈĭ-tĭ), uselessness.</p> - -<p><b>fu-tuˈri-ty</b> (fu᷵-tu᷵ˈrĭ-tĭ), time to come.</p> - -<p><b>Gaelˈic</b> (gālˈĭk), pertaining to the Gaels, -or Scotch Highlanders.</p> - -<p><b>Gaˈher-is</b> (gāˈhẽr-ĭs).</p> - -<p><b>gainˌsayˈ</b> (gānˌsāˈ), to speak against, -contradict.</p> - -<p><b>gait</b> (gāt), manner of walking, running.</p> - -<p><b>galˈlant</b> (gălˈănt), brave; gay or smart -in dress.</p> - -<p><b>galˈle-on</b> (gălˈe᷵-ŭn), a sailing vessel.</p> - -<p><b>Gallipoli</b> (gäl-lēˈpō-lē), a town in European -Turkey.</p> - -<p><b>game</b> (gām), animal hunted.</p> - -<p><b>gangˈwayˌ</b> (găngˈwāˌ), the opening -through a vessel by which persons -enter or leave it.</p> - -<p><b>garb</b> (gärb), dress.</p> - -<p><b>garˈish</b> (gârˈĭsh), showy, glaring.</p> - -<p><b>garˈri-son</b> (gărˈĭ-s’n), troops on duty in -a fort.</p> - -<p><b>garˈru-lous</b> (găro͡o-lŭs), talkative.</p> - -<p><b>gashed with numberless ravines</b> (găsht; -rā-vēnzˈ), cut with or by means of -numberless depressions worn out by -running water.</p> - -<p><b>gaud</b> (gôd), an ornament.</p> - -<p><b>gaudˈy</b> (gôdˈĭ), showy.</p> - -<p><b>gauntˈlet</b> (gäntˈlĕt), a glove, sometimes -made of chain mail and leather.</p> - -<p><b>gave audience</b> (ôˈdĭ-ĕns), received and -listened to (as a ruler would receive a -subject).</p> - -<p><b>Gaˈwain</b> (gôˈwa᷵n).</p> - -<p><b>ga-zetteˈ</b> (gȧ-zĕtˈ) a newspaper.</p> - -<p><b>gear</b> (gēr), clothing and ornaments, -armor, treasure.</p> - -<p><b>geˈni-al</b> (jēˈnĭ-ăl), kindly.</p> - -<p><b>genˈius</b> (jēnˈyŭs), gifted with unusual -power; talent.</p> - -<p><b>genˈtry</b> (jĕnˈtrĭ), people of education and -culture.</p> - -<p><b>genˈu-ine</b> (jĕnˈu᷵-ĭn), real, true.</p> - -<p><b>Geofˈfrey of Monˈmouth</b> (jĕfˈrĭ of mŏnˈmŭth).</p> - -<p><b>ge-ogˈra-pher</b> (je᷵-ŏgˈrȧ-fẽr), one versed -in geography.</p> - -<p><b>geˌo-graphˈi-cal con-sidˌer-aˈtions</b> (jēˌ-ō-grăfˈĭ-kăl -kŏn-sĭdˌẽr-āˈshŭnz), locations -according to geography.</p> - -<p><b>gerˈfalˌcon</b> (jûrˈfôˌk’n), a large falcon of -arctic Europe.</p> - -<p><b>germ</b> (jûrm), beginning.</p> - -<p><b>gesˈture</b> (jĕsˈtu᷵r), movement of the -hands or body expressive of feeling.</p> - -<p><b>giˌganˈtic</b> (jīˌgănˈtĭk), immense.</p> - -<p><b>Giles de Arˈgen-tine</b> (jīlz da᷵ ärˈjĕn-tēn).</p> - -<p><b>gilˈlies</b> (gĭlˈlēz), servants.</p> - -<p><b>girth</b> (gûrth), the band which encircles -the body of a horse to fasten anything -upon its back.</p> - -<p><b>glade</b> (glād), an open place in a forest.</p> - -<p><b>Glasˈgow</b> (glȧsˈkō; glȧsˈgō), the largest -city in Scotland.</p> - -<p><b>Glasˈton-bur-y</b> (glȧsˈtŭn-bẽr-ĭ), a town -near Bristol, England.</p> - -<p><b>glazˈing</b> (glāzˈĭng), icy.</p> - -<p><b>gleamˈing spray</b> (glēmˈĭng sprā), shining -water.</p> - -<p><b>glebe</b> (glēb), soil.</p> - -<p><b>glibˈly</b> (glĭbˈlĭ), smoothly, easily.</p> - -<p><b>gnarled</b> (närld), knotted.</p> - -<p><b>gnome</b> (nōm), a goblin.</p> - -<p><b>goad</b> (gōd), a pointed rod.</p> - -<p><b>gob</b> (gŏb), lump, mass.</p> - -<p><b>gobˈlin</b> (gŏbˈlĭn), ghost.</p> - -<p><b>Goffe, William</b> (gŏf), 1605-1679.</p> - -<p><b>gold-diggings</b>, mines in California.</p> - -<p><b>goldˈen-cui-rassedˈ</b> (gōlˈd’n-kwe᷵-rȧstˈ), -covered with a breastplate of golden -hue.</p> - -<p><b>goldˈsmithˌ</b> (gōldˈsmĭthˌ), an artisan -who manufactures vessels or ornaments -of gold.</p> - -<p><b>Go-liˈath of Gath</b> (gō-līˈăth of găth), in -biblical history, a giant who was slain -by David. See I Samuel XVII, 32-49.</p> - -<p><b>Gon-zaˈlo</b> (gŏn-zäˈlō).</p> - -<p><b>Good Queen Bess</b>, Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603).</p> - -<p><b>Goomˈtee</b> (gŭmˈtē), a river in India on -which Lucknow is situated.</p> - -<p><b>goˈpher</b> (gōˈfẽr), a small burrowing animal -about the size of a large rat.</p> - -<p><b>gorge</b> (gôrj), narrow passage.</p> - -<p><b>gorˈgeous</b> (gôrˈjŭs), showy, fine.</p> - -<p><b>gorˈget</b> (gôrˈjĕt), collar.</p> - -<p><b>gorˈy</b> (gōrˈĭ), bloody.</p> - -<p><b>govˈern-ment</b> (gŭvˈẽrn-mĕnt), the direction -of the affairs of state.</p> - -<p><b>graˈcious</b> (grāˈshŭs), pleasing.</p> - -<p><b>granˈdeur</b> (grănˈdu᷵r), majesty, dignity.</p> - -<p><b>grave</b> (grāv), cut.</p> - -<p><b>Gravesˈend</b> (grāvzˈĕnd), a town in England, -on the right bank of the Thames -river.</p> - -<p><b>gravˈi-ty</b> (grăvˈĭ-tĭ), seriousness.</p> - -<p><b>greenˈing</b> (grēnˈĭng), growing green.</p> - -<p><b>greenˈswardˌ</b> (grēnˈswôrdˌ), turf green -with grass.</p> - -<p><b>Grenˌa-dierˈ Guards</b> (grĕnˌȧ-dērˈ gärdz), -a famous English regiment.</p> - -<p><b>grievˈance</b> (grēvˈăns), burden, hardship.</p> - -<p><b>grievˈous</b> (grēvˈŭs), severe.</p> - -<p><b>grim</b> (grĭm), fierce, stern, ferocious.</p> - -<p><b>gross</b> (grōs), heavy, coarse.</p> - -<p><b>gro-tesqueˈ</b> (grō-tĕskˈ), oddly formed.</p> - -<p><b>groundˈing his musˈket</b>, forcing the musket -to the ground firmly.</p> - -<p><b>grouse</b> (grous), a bird somewhat similar -to a partridge.</p> - -<p><b>grubˈbing</b> (grŭbˈĭng), digging.</p> - -<p><b>grumˈbling so-lilˈo-quies</b> (grŭmˈblĭng sō-lĭlˈō-kwĭz), -acts of talking to one’s self -in an ill-natured manner.</p> - -<p><b>Guayaquil</b> (gwīˌä-kēlˈ), a city in Ecuador.</p> - -<p><b>Guerˌri-ereˈ</b> (gĕrˌe᷵-ĕrˈ).</p> - -<p><b>guid</b> (gēd). Scotch for <b>good</b>.</p> - -<p><b>guinˈea</b> (gĭnˈĭ), a domestic fowl.</p> - -<p><b>Guinˈe-vere</b> (gwĭnˈe᷵-vẽr).</p> - -<p><b>guise</b> (gīz), manner.</p> - -<p><b>gules</b> (gūlz), red color.</p> - -<p><b>Gulf of Bothˈni-a</b> (bŏthˈnĭ-ȧ), the north -part of the Baltic sea, between Sweden -and Finland.</p> - -<p><b>gulˈly</b> (gŭlˈĭ), a channel worn in the -earth by water.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_606" id="Page_606">[606]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>gulped</b> (gŭlpt), swallowed eagerly.</p> - -<p><b>gunˈwale</b> (gŭnˈĕl), the upper edge of a -vessel’s side.</p> - -<p><b>gutˈtur-al</b> (gŭtˈŭr-ăl) throaty.</p> - -<p><b>gyˈrat-ing</b> (jīˈrāt-ĭng), moving in a -circle.</p> - -<p><b>gy-raˈtions of the whirl</b> (jī-rāˈshŭns), -the circular movements of the water.</p> - -<p><b>habˈit</b> (hăbˈĭt), dress, suit of clothes.</p> - -<p><b>ha-bitˈu-al-ly</b> (hȧ-bĭtˈu᷵-ăl-lĭ), regularly, -usually.</p> - -<p><b>hackˈney-coach</b> (hăkˈnĭ-kōch), a four-wheeled -carriage drawn by two horses.</p> - -<p><b>haft</b> (hȧft), hilt, handle.</p> - -<p><b>hail</b> (hāl), greeting.</p> - -<p><b>Hai-naultˈ</b> (hā-nōˈ), a province of Belgium.</p> - -<p><b>half-felt wish for rest</b>, slight wish for -rest.</p> - -<p><b>hamˈpered</b> (hămˈpẽrd), hindered.</p> - -<p><b>hand-gre-nade</b> (hănd-gre᷵-nādˈ), an explosive -to be thrown by hand.</p> - -<p><b>handˈi-cap</b> (hănˈdĭ-kăp), disadvantage.</p> - -<p><b>hands</b> (hănds), every one on the boat.</p> - -<p><b>hapˈless</b> (hăpˈlĕs), unlucky.</p> - -<p><b>hapˈpy meˈdi-um</b>, most useful thing.</p> - -<p><b>harˈass</b> (hărˈăs), trouble; raid.</p> - -<p><b>harˈbin-ger</b> (härˈbĭn-jẽr), a forerunner, -usher.</p> - -<p><b>harˈdi-er</b> (härˈdĭ-ẽr), bolder, braver.</p> - -<p><b>harˈdi-hood</b> (härˈdĭ-ho͡od), bravery.</p> - -<p><b>harˈmo-nies of law</b> (härˈmō-nĭz), international -law.</p> - -<p><b>Ha-rounˈ Al-ra-schidˈ</b> (hä-ro̅o̅nˈ äl-rȧ-shēdˈ), -Aaron the Just, Caliph of Bagdad -(786-809).</p> - -<p><b>harˈpies of the shore</b>, commerce.</p> - -<p><b>harˈpy</b> (härˈpĭ), a monster with a woman’s -head and a bird’s wings, tail, and -claws.</p> - -<p><b>hatchˈwayˌ</b> (hăchˈwāˌ), an opening in a -deck, from one deck to another.</p> - -<p><b>haunch</b> (hänch), the hip.</p> - -<p><b>haunt</b> (hänt; hônt), recur to the mind -frequently; to visit as a ghost; a place -to which one often resorts.</p> - -<p><b>Haveˈlock</b> (Hăvˈlŏk).</p> - -<p><b>Haˈver-hill</b> (hāˈvẽr-ĭl).</p> - -<p><b>Havˈi-lah</b> (hăvˈĭ-lä), in the description -of Eden, a land containing gold, and -surrounded by one of the four rivers -which go out from Eden. Genesis II.</p> - -<p><b>havˈoc</b> (hăvˈŏk), wide and general destruction, -waste.</p> - -<p><b>hazˈard</b> (hăzˈȧrd), risk, danger, chance.</p> - -<p><b>head-winds</b>, winds blowing straight over -the bow of the ship.</p> - -<p><b>hearkˈen to a comˌpo-siˈtion</b> (härk’n, -kŏmˌpō-zĭshˈŭn), listen to terms (for -ending the battle).</p> - -<p><b>hearth</b> (härth), that part of a room -where the fire is made.</p> - -<p><b>heathˈer</b> (hĕthˈẽr), a low shrub, with -minute evergreen leaves and pinkish -flowers.</p> - -<p><b>heaved</b> (hēvd), rose upward and fell -again; raised.</p> - -<p><b>heaven-born</b> (hĕv’n-bôrn), name applied -to the upper classed by the people of -India.</p> - -<p><b>heave to</b> (hēv to), get to work, turn -around.</p> - -<p><b>heavˈy-gaitˈed</b> (hĕvˈĭ-gātˈĕd), heavy -walking.</p> - -<p><b>Hebˈri-des</b> (hĕbˈrĭ-dēz), islands off the -west coast of Scotland.</p> - -<p><b>Hecˈla</b> (hĕkˈlȧ), a volcano in Iceland.</p> - -<p><b>heeled over</b>, tipped.</p> - -<p><b>heighˈhoˌ</b> (hīˈhōˌ), an exclamation of -surprise or joy.</p> - -<p><b>height of the ri-dicˈu-lous</b> (hīt of the rĭ-dĭkˈū-lŭs), -extremely laughable.</p> - -<p><b>heir</b> (âr), one who inherits.</p> - -<p><b>heirˈloom</b> (ârˈlo̅o̅m), any piece of personal -property owned by a family for -many generations.</p> - -<p><b>held his own</b>, suffered no losses or disadvantages.</p> - -<p><b>helm</b> (hĕlm), tiller or wheel by which -the ship is steered.</p> - -<p><b>Hel-segˈgen</b> (hĕl-sĕgˈ’n).</p> - -<p><b>Hel-veˈti-a</b> (hĕl-vēˈshĭ-ȧ), an ancient and -poetic name for Switzerland.</p> - -<p><b>herˈald</b> (hĕrˈăld), one who publishes or -announces.</p> - -<p><b>herbˈage</b> (ûrˈba᷵j), green plants or grass.</p> - -<p><b>Her-cuˈle-an</b> (hẽr-kūˈle᷵-ăn), requiring -the strength of Hercules, a mighty -hero of Greek mythology.</p> - -<p><b>he-redˈi-ta-ry</b> (he᷵-rĕdˈĭ-tâ-rĭ), ancestral.</p> - -<p><b>he-retˈi-cal</b> (he᷵-rĕtˈĭ-kăl), unbelieving.</p> - -<p><b>hereˌun-toˈ ap-pendˈ</b>, to this attach.</p> - -<p><b>herˈmit in the crowd</b> (hûrˈmĭt), alone -even though in a crowd.</p> - -<p><b>herˈo-ism</b> (hĕrˈō-ĭz’m), courage, bravery.</p> - -<p><b>herˈon</b> (hērˈŭn), a bird that wades in -water.</p> - -<p><b>Hiˌa-waˈtha</b> (hīˌȧ-wôˈthȧ; hēˌȧ-wôˈthȧ).</p> - -<p><b>hiˈber-nates</b> (hīˈbẽr-nāt), to pass the -winter sleeping in close quarters.</p> - -<p><b>hie</b> (hī), hasten.</p> - -<p><b>higˈgle-dy-pigˈgle-dy</b> (hĭgˈ’l-dĭ-pĭgˈ’l-dĭ), -in confusion, topsy-turvy.</p> - -<p><b>high time</b>, about time, the time.</p> - -<p><b>hind</b> (hīnd), farm servant.</p> - -<p><b>Hin-do-stanˈ</b> (hĭn-dō-stänˈ), the Persian -name for India.</p> - -<p><b>hinˈdrance</b> (hĭnˈdrăns), something which -checks or prevents.</p> - -<p><b>hoard</b> (hōrd), treasure, hidden supply.</p> - -<p><b>hobˈbled</b> (hŏbˈld), fettered, as a horse, -by having the legs tied.</p> - -<p><b>Hoˈbo-mok</b> (hōˈbō-mŏk), an Indian guide.</p> - -<p><b>Hoˈey-holm</b> (hōˈā-hōm).</p> - -<p><b>hoist the signal</b>, raise the flag; request -it.</p> - -<p><b>hold</b> (hōld), possession, power.</p> - -<p><b>hold the middle guard</b>, keep watch during -the middle part of the night.</p> - -<p><b>hole up</b> (hōl), to take to a hole for winter, -as a bear.</p> - -<p><b>holˈlows</b> (hŏlˈōz), holes, low places.</p> - -<p><b>holsˈters</b> (hōlˈstẽrz), leather cases for -pistols.</p> - -<p><b>homˈage</b> (hŏmˈa᷵j), respect.</p> - -<p><b>homeˈly</b> (hōmˈlĭ), plain.</p> - -<p><b>hoodˈwink</b> (ho͡odˈwĭnk), deceive.</p> - -<p><b>ho-riˈzon line</b> (hō-rīˈzŭn), the line where -the earth and sky seem to meet.</p> - -<p><b>hosˈpi-ta-ble</b> (hŏsˈpĭ-tȧ-b’l), indicating -kindness and generosity to guests and -strangers.</p> - -<p><b>housˈings</b> (houzˈĭngz), trappings.</p> - -<p><b>hovˈer</b> (hŭvˈẽr), to hang about.</p> - -<p><b>hove up</b>, brought to a stop.</p> - -<p><b>howˈitz-er</b> (houˈĭt-sẽr), cannon.</p> - -<p><b>hrrump</b> (hrŭmp), a noise.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_607" id="Page_607">[607]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>hudˈdled</b> (hŭdˈ’ld), crowded together for -protection.</p> - -<p><b>hulk</b> (hŭlk), the body of an old, wrecked, -or dismantled ship.</p> - -<p><b>hull</b> (hŭl), the frame or body of a vessel.</p> - -<p><b>hu-maneˈ ofˈfice</b> (hū-mān ŏfˈĭs), kind -service.</p> - -<p><b>humˈdrumˌ crone</b> (hŭmˈdrŭmˌ krōn), -dull old fellow.</p> - -<p><b>huˈmor</b> (hūˈmẽr; ūˈmẽr), please, gratify; -fancy.</p> - -<p><b>huntˈed for the bounˈty</b> (hŭntˈed for the -bounˈtĭ), hunted for the reward offered -by the state or county.</p> - -<p><b>husˈband-man</b> (hŭzˈbănd-măn), a tiller of -the soil, farmer.</p> - -<p><b>husˈband-ry</b> (hŭzˈbănd-rĭ), farming.</p> - -<p><b>Hyde Park</b> (hīd), a fashionable park in -London.</p> - -<p><b>hysted</b> (hīstˈĕd), dialect for <b>hoistˈed</b>.</p> - -<p><b>hys-terˈic-al</b> (hĭs-tĕrˈĭ-kȧl), over-excited.</p> - -<p><b>I-beˈri-an</b> (ī-bēˈrĭ-ăn), Spanish.</p> - -<p><b>i-denˈti-cal</b> (ī-dĕnˈtĭ-kăl), the very same.</p> - -<p><b>i-deˈa</b> (ī-dēˈȧ), image, picture.</p> - -<p><b>idˈi-o-cy</b> (ĭdˈĭ-ŏ-sĭ), condition of being a -fool.</p> - -<p><b>iˈdle</b> (īˈd’l), foolish.</p> - -<p><b>iˈdle ruˈmor</b> (īˈd’l ro̅o̅ˈmẽr), groundless -tale.</p> - -<p><b>Iˈdyl</b> (īˈdĭl), a poem giving a picture.</p> - -<p><b>If-leˈsen</b> (ēf-lāˈsĕn).</p> - -<p><b>ig-noˈble</b> (ĭg-nōˈb’l), dishonorable, base.</p> - -<p><b>igˌno-minˈi-ous</b> (ĭgˌnō-mĭnˈĭ-ŭs), shameful, -dishonorable.</p> - -<p><b>I-graineˈ</b> (e᷵-grānˈ).</p> - -<p><b>illegal and void</b> (ĭl-lēˈgăl), not lawful and -hence having no force.</p> - -<p><b>illˌstarredˈ</b> (ĭlˌstärdˈ), unlucky.</p> - -<p><b>il-luˌmi-naˈtion</b> (ĭ-lūˌmĭ-nāˈshŭn), festive -lighting up or decorating.</p> - -<p><b>il-luˈsion</b> (ĭl-lūˈzhŭn), appearance which -is not real, falsity.</p> - -<p><b>il-lusˈtrate</b> (ĭ-lŭsˈtrāt; ĭlˈŭs-trāt), make -clear.</p> - -<p><b>il-lusˈtri-ous</b> (ĭ-lŭsˈtrĭ-ŭs), distinguished, -celebrated.</p> - -<p><b>im-bibeˈ</b> (ĭm-bībˈ), take in.</p> - -<p><b>im-bueˈ</b> (ĭm-būˈ), tinge deeply, fill.</p> - -<p><b>imˌi-taˈtion</b> (ĭmˌĭ-tāˈshŭn), that which is -made to resemble something.</p> - -<p><b>im-measˈur-a-bly</b> (ĭ-mĕzhˈu᷵r-ȧ-blĭ), cannot -be measured.</p> - -<p><b>im-meˈdi-ate</b> (ĭ-mēˈdĭ-a᷵t), not far distant.</p> - -<p><b>im-peachedˈ</b> (ĭm-pēchtˈ), challenged.</p> - -<p><b>im-pedˈi-ment</b> (ĭm-pĕdˈĭ-mĕnt), hindrance.</p> - -<p><b>im-pendˈing</b> (ĭm-pĕndˈĭng), threatening.</p> - -<p><b>im-penˈe-tra-ble</b> (ĭm-pĕnˈe᷵-trȧˈ-b’l), not to -be entered.</p> - -<p><b>imˌper-cepˈti-ble</b> (ĭmˌpẽr-sĕpˈtĭ-b’l), not -easily seen or noticed.</p> - -<p><b>im-perˈfect con-nectˈing links</b> (ĭm-pûrˈfĕkt -kŏ-nĕktˈĭng lĭnks), points of likeness -which are not exact.</p> - -<p><b>im-perˈvi-ous</b> (ĭm-pûrˈvĭ-ŭs), impassable, -impenetrable.</p> - -<p><b>im-petˌu-osˈi-ty</b> (ĭm-pĕtˌu᷵-ŏsˈĭ-tĭ), violence.</p> - -<p><b>im-petˈu-ous</b> (ĭm-pĕtˈu᷵-ŭs), furious.</p> - -<p><b>imˈpi-ous</b> (ĭmˈpĭ-ŭs), profane, ungodly.</p> - -<p><b>im-plaˈca-ble</b> (ĭm-plāˈkȧ-b’l), incapable of -being pacified; unyielding.</p> - -<p><b>imˈple-ment</b> (ĭmˈple᷵-mĕnt), tool, instrument.</p> - -<p><b>im-plyˈ</b> (ĭm-plīˈ), hint, suggest.</p> - -<p><b>im-porˈtu-nate</b> (ĭm-pôrˈtu᷵-nāt), urgent.</p> - -<p><b>im-por-tuneˈ</b> (ĭm-pōr-tūnˈ), urge, beg.</p> - -<p><b>im-pracˈti-ca-ble</b> (ĭm-prăkˈtĭ-kȧ-b’l), impassable.</p> - -<p><b>im-pre-caˈtion</b> (ĭm-pre᷵-kāˈshŭn), curse.</p> - -<p><b>im-pregˈna-ble</b> (ĭm-prĕgˈnȧ-b’l), able to -resist attack.</p> - -<p><b>imˈpulse</b> (ĭmˈpŭls), quick feeling.</p> - -<p><b>imˈpulses of his inˌcli-naˈtion</b> (ĭmˈpŭls-ez -of his ĭnˌklĭ-nāˈshŭn), his own natural -desires or wishes, the forces of his -nature.</p> - -<p><b>im-puˈni-ty</b> (ĭm-pūˈnĭ-tĭ), without punishment.</p> - -<p><b>imˌpu-taˈtion</b> (ĭmˌpu᷵-tāˈshŭn), insinuation, -hinted accusation.</p> - -<p><b>in-adˈe-quate</b> (ĭn-ădˈe᷵-kwāt), insufficient.</p> - -<p><b>in-alˈien-a-ble rights</b> (ĭn-ālˈyĕn-ȧ-b’l), -rights that cannot be taken away.</p> - -<p><b>in-apˈpli-ca-ble</b> (ĭn-ăpˈlĭ-kȧ-b’l), unsuitable.</p> - -<p><b>in-auˌgu-raˈtion</b> (ĭn-ôˌgu᷵-rāˈshŭn), an -ushering in, the ceremony of investing -the president with the powers of his -office.</p> - -<p><b>Inˈca</b> (ĭnˈkȧ), a South American tribe of -Indians, which attained unusual culture -and art.</p> - -<p><b>inˌcan-taˈtion so se-reneˈ</b> (ĭnˌkăn-tāˈshŭn -so se᷵-rēnˈ), a charm sung so -clearly and calmly.</p> - -<p><b>in-carˈcer-ate</b> (ĭn-kärˈsẽr-āt), to imprison, -to confine.</p> - -<p><b>in-cesˈsant</b> (ĭn-sĕsˈănt), continual.</p> - -<p><b>Inch-afˈfray</b> (ĭnch-ăfˈfrā).</p> - -<p><b>inˈci-dent</b> (ĭnˈsĭ-dĕnt), event.</p> - -<p><b>inˌci-vilˈi-ty</b> (ĭnˌsĭ-vĭlˈĭ-tĭ), impoliteness.</p> - -<p><b>in-clemˈen-cy</b> (ĭn-klĕmˈĕn-sĭ), extreme -coldness, storminess.</p> - -<p><b>in-clinedˈ</b> (in-klīndˈ), sloping.</p> - -<p><b>in-comˈpa-ra-ble</b> (ĭn-kŏmˈpȧ-rȧ-b’l), -matchless.</p> - -<p><b>in-conˌse-quenˈtial</b> (ĭn-kŏnˌse᷵-kwĕnˈ-shăl), -unimportant.</p> - -<p><b>inˈcon-sidˌer-a-ble inˈter-val</b> (ĭnˈkŏn-sĭdˌẽr-ȧ-b’l -ĭnˈtẽr-văl), very small space of -time.</p> - -<p><b>inˌcon-sidˈer-ate</b> (ĭnˌkŏn-sĭdˈẽr-a᷵t), not -regarding the rights or feelings of -others, thoughtless, heedless.</p> - -<p><b>in-conˈstant</b> (ĭn-kŏnˈstănt), changeable.</p> - -<p><b>inˌcon-trolˈla-ble</b> (ĭnˌkŏn-trōlˈȧ-b’l), not -governable.</p> - -<p><b>in-corˈpo-rate</b> (ĭn-kôrˈpō-rāt), to unite, -combine into one body.</p> - -<p><b>inˈcrease</b> (ĭnˈkrēs), enlargement, growth.</p> - -<p><b>in-cumˈbrance</b> (ĭn-kŭmˈbrăns), hindrance.</p> - -<p><b>in-curredˈ</b> (ĭn-kûrdˈ), brought upon oneˈs -self.</p> - -<p><b>in-curˈsion</b> (ĭn-kûrˈshŭn), a raid.</p> - -<p><b>inˌde-cisˈion</b> (ĭnˌdē-sĭzhˈŭn), want of -settled purpose, hesitation.</p> - -<p><b>inˈdex</b> (ĭnˈdĕks), that which points out.</p> - -<p><b>Inˈdian file</b> (ĭnˈdĭ-ăn fīl), single file as the -Indians traveled.</p> - -<p><b>Indian tiger</b>, meaning Indian soldiers.</p> - -<p><b>in-dicˈa-tive</b> (ĭn-dĭkˈȧ-tĭv), pointing out.</p> - -<p><b>in-difˈfer-ent</b> (ĭn-dĭfˈẽr-ĕnt), heedless, -unconcerned.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_608" id="Page_608">[608]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>inˌdig-naˈtion</b> (ĭnˌdĭg-nāˈshŭn), anger -mingled with disgust, rage.</p> - -<p><b>inˌdi-vidˈu-al</b> (ĭnˌdĭ-vĭdˈu᷵-ăl), person, -single one; special.</p> - -<p><b>in-duˈbi-ta-ble</b> (ĭn-dūˈbĭ-tȧ-b’l), not -doubtful, sure.</p> - -<p><b>in-duceˈ</b> (ĭn-dūsˈ), cause, influence.</p> - -<p><b>in-dulgedˈ</b> (ĭn-dŭljdˈ), gratified, given -way to.</p> - -<p><b>in-dulˈgence</b> (ĭn-dŭlˈjĕns), favor granted.</p> - -<p><b>in-dulˈgent</b> (ĭn-dŭlˈjĕnt), kind.</p> - -<p><b>in-dusˈtri-al</b> (ĭn-dŭsˈtrĭ-ăl), relating to -industry or labor.</p> - -<p><b>inˌef-fecˈtu-al</b> (ĭnˌĕ-fĕkˈtu᷵-ăl), useless, -weak.</p> - -<p><b>in-esˈti-ma-ble</b> (ĭn-ĕsˈtĭ-mȧ-b’l), very -valuable, priceless.</p> - -<p><b>in-evˈi-ta-ble</b> (ĭn-ĕvˈĭ-tȧ-b’l), unavoidable.</p> - -<p><b>in-exˈo-ra-ble</b> (ĭn-ĕkˈsō-rȧ-b’l), unyielding.</p> - -<p><b>in ex-tremeˈ form</b> (ĕks-trēmˈ fôrm), in -fine physical condition.</p> - -<p><b>in-exˈtri-ca-ble</b> (ĭn-ĕksˈtrĭ-kȧ-b’l), incapable -of being disentangled or untied.</p> - -<p><b>in-falˈli-ble</b> (ĭn-fălˈlĭ-b’l), not capable of -erring.</p> - -<p><b>inˈfa-mous</b> (ĭnˈfȧ-mŭs), disgraceful.</p> - -<p><b>in-ferˈnal</b> (ĭn-fûrˈnăl), deadly, tiresome.</p> - -<p><b>in-festˈ</b> (ĭn-fĕstˈ), plagued by many.</p> - -<p><b>inˈfi-del</b> (ĭnˈfĭ-dĕl), unbeliever.</p> - -<p><b>inˈfi-nite</b> (ĭnˈfĭ-nĭt), endless; all embracing.</p> - -<p><b>in-firˈmi-ty</b> (ĭn-fûrˈmĭ-tĭ), weakness.</p> - -<p><b>in-flexˈi-ble</b> (ĭn-flĕkˈsĭ-b’l), firm, unyielding.</p> - -<p><b>in-flictˈed</b> (ĭn-flĭktˈĕd), caused.</p> - -<p><b>Inˈgel-ram de Umˈphra-ville</b> (ĭnˈgĕl-rȧm -da᷵ ŭmˈfrȧ-vĭl).</p> - -<p><b>in-genˈious-ly</b> (ĭn-jēnˈyŭs-lĭ), cleverly.</p> - -<p><b>inˌge-nuˈi-ty</b> (ĭnˌje᷵-nūˈĭ-tĭ), cleverness in -design.</p> - -<p><b>in-genˈu-ous-ly</b> (ĭn-jĕnˈu᷵-ŭs-lĭ), frankly, -sincerely.</p> - -<p><b>in-graˈti-atˌing</b> (ĭn-grāˈshĭ-ātˌĭng), pleasing.</p> - -<p><b>in-gratˈi-tude</b> (ĭn-grătˈĭ-tūd), ungratefulness.</p> - -<p><b>in-habˈits in-difˈfer-ent-ly</b> (ĭn-hăbˈĭts ĭn-dĭfˈẽr-ĕnt-lĭ), -dwells in a manner not -interested.</p> - -<p><b>in-herˈit-ance</b> (ĭn-hĕrˈĭ-tăns), a possession -which passes by descent, something -inherited.</p> - -<p><b>in-imˈi-ta-ble</b> (ĭn-ĭmˈĭ-tȧ-b’l), not capable -of being imitated, surpassingly excellent.</p> - -<p><b>in-iˈtial</b> (ĭn-ĭshˈȧl), beginning.</p> - -<p><b>in league with evil</b>, in partnership with -wickedness.</p> - -<p><b>inˌno-vaˈtion</b> (ĭnˌō-vāˈshŭn), change.</p> - -<p><b>inˌnu-enˈdoes</b> (ĭnˌu᷵-ĕnˈdōz), hints.</p> - -<p><b>in-quirˈy</b> (ĭn-kwīrˈĭ), question.</p> - -<p><b>in-scribedˈ</b> (ĭn-skrībdˈ), written on.</p> - -<p><b>in-scruˈta-ble</b> (ĭn-skro̅o̅ˈtȧ-b’l), not able -to be understood.</p> - -<p><b>in-senˈsi-ble</b> (ĭn-sĕnˈsĭ-b’l), without sensation.</p> - -<p><b>in-sepˈa-ra-ble</b> (ĭn-sĕpˈȧ-rȧ-b’l), closely -united; not separate.</p> - -<p><b>in-sidˈi-ous</b> (ĭn-sĭdˈĭ-ŭs), deceitful, crafty.</p> - -<p><b>in-sigˈni-a</b> (ĭn-sĭgˈnĭ-ȧ), emblem, distinguishing -marks of authority or -honor.</p> - -<p><b>in-sinˈu-atˌing</b> (ĭn-sĭnˈu᷵-ātˌĭng), suggestive, -indirect.</p> - -<p><b>in-sipˈid</b> (ĭn-sĭpˈĭd), flat.</p> - -<p><b>inˈso-lence</b> (ĭnˈsō-lĕns), insult.</p> - -<p><b>in-specˈtion</b> (ĭn-spĕkˈshŭn), investigation, -act of looking over.</p> - -<p><b>inˈstant-ly echˈoed</b> (ĭnˈstănt-lĭ ĕkˈōd), repeated.</p> - -<p><b>inˈsti-gate</b> (ĭnˈstĭ-gāt), to stir up.</p> - -<p><b>inˈstinct</b> (ĭnˈstĭnkt), natural feeling.</p> - -<p><b>in-stincˈtive-ly</b> (ĭn-stĭnkˈtĭv-lĭ), naturally.</p> - -<p><b>inˈsuf-fiˌcient</b> (ĭnˈsŭ-fĭshˌĕnt), not capable.</p> - -<p><b>inˈsu-latˌed</b> (ĭnˈsu᷵-lātˌĕd), separated.</p> - -<p><b>in-surˈgent</b> (ĭn-sûrˈgĕnt), rebel.</p> - -<p><b>in-tactˈ</b> (ĭn-tăktˈ), untouched, whole.</p> - -<p><b>in-tegˈri-ty</b> (ĭn-tĕgˈrĭ-tĭ), uprightness, -honesty.</p> - -<p><b>in-telˈli-gence was acting against</b> (ĭn-tĕlˈĭ-jĕns), -understanding was discouraging -them.</p> - -<p><b>inˌter-gra-daˈtion</b> (ĭnˌtẽr-grȧ-dāˈshŭn), -changes through a series of grades, or -forms.</p> - -<p><b>in-terˈmi-na-ble</b> (ĭn-tûrˈmĭ-nȧ-b’l), endless.</p> - -<p><b>inˌter-poseˈ</b> (ĭnˌtẽr-pōzˈ), step in.</p> - -<p><b>inˌter-po-siˈtion</b> (ĭnˌtẽr-pō-zĭshˈŭn), intervention.</p> - -<p><b>in-terˈpret</b> (ĭn-tûrˈprĕt), tell the meaning -of.</p> - -<p><b>in-terˌpre-taˈtion</b> (ĭn-tûrˌprē-tāˈshŭn), -explanation.</p> - -<p><b>inˌter-rupˈtion</b> (ĭnˌtẽ-rŭpˈshŭn), break, -stop.</p> - -<p><b>inˈter-vals</b> (ĭnˈtẽr-vălz), brief spaces of -time; here and there.</p> - -<p><b>in the lines</b>, in the boundaries or limits -of the estate, in the rows.</p> - -<p><b>in the teeth of the sleet</b>, with faces -turned in the direction in which the -sleet was falling.</p> - -<p><b>inˈti-mate</b> (ĭnˈtĭ-ma᷵t), close, confidential.</p> - -<p><b>in-toxˌi-caˈtion</b> (ĭn-tŏksˌĭ-kāˈshŭn), delirium, -feeling of delight.</p> - -<p><b>inˈtri-ca-cies</b> (ĭnˈtrĭ-kȧ-sĭz), entanglements, -complexities.</p> - -<p><b>in-trudˈed</b> (ĭn-tro̅o̅dˈĕd), invaded.</p> - -<p><b>in-truˈsive polˈi-cy</b> (ĭn-tro̅o̅ˈsĭv pŏlˈĭ-sĭ), -scheme or method of entering without -right or welcome.</p> - -<p><b>in-uredˈ</b> (ĭn-ūrdˈ), accustomed.</p> - -<p><b>in-valˈid</b> (ĭn-vălˈĭd), illegal.</p> - -<p><b>in-vaˈri-a-ble</b> (ĭn-vāˈrĭ-ȧ-b’l), unchanging, -constant.</p> - -<p><b>in-venˈtion</b> (ĭn-vĕnˈshŭn), originality, -faculty of inventing.</p> - -<p><b>in-vestˈed</b> (ĭn-vĕstˈĕd), surrounded or -hemmed in with troops or ships.</p> - -<p><b>in-vesˌti-gaˈtion</b> (ĭn-vĕsˌtĭ-gāˈshŭn), research, -following up.</p> - -<p><b>in-vetˈer-ate</b> (ĭn-vĕtˈẽr-a᷵t), habitual.</p> - -<p><b>in-vinˈci-ble</b> (ĭn-vĭnˈsĭ-b’l), unconquerable.</p> - -<p><b>in-viˈo-late</b> (ĭn-vīˈō-la᷵t), uninjured.</p> - -<p><b>in-volˈun-tary</b> (ĭn-vŏlˈŭn-ta᷵-rĭ), without -control of will, unwillingly.</p> - -<p><b>in-volvedˈ</b> (ĭn-vŏlvdˈ), enveloped, entangled.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_609" id="Page_609">[609]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>in-volvedˈ in the shalˈlows</b> (ĭn-vŏlvdˈ in -the shălˈōz), mixed up in the shallow -places.</p> - -<p><b>i-rasˈci-ble</b> (ī-răsˈĭ-b’l), easily provoked -to anger, fiery, hasty.</p> - -<p><b>ire</b> (īr), anger.</p> - -<p><b>irˌre-sistˈible</b> (ĭrˌe᷵-zĭsˈtĭ-b’l), overpowering.</p> - -<p><b>ir-resˌo-luˈtion</b> (ĭ-rĕzˌō-lūˈshŭn), doubt, -uncertainty.</p> - -<p><b>ir-revˈer-ent</b> (ĭ-rĕvˈẽr-ĕnt), disrespectful.</p> - -<p><b>ir-revˈo-ca-ble</b> (ĭ-rĕvˈōkȧ-b’l), unchangeable, -past recall.</p> - -<p><b>irˌri-ta-ble</b> (ĭrˌĭ-tȧ-b’l), touchy, fretful.</p> - -<p><b>irˌri-taˈtion</b> (ĭrˌĭ-tāˈshŭn), excitement of -impatience, anger; or passion; annoyance, -anger.</p> - -<p><b>ir-rupˈtion</b> (ĭ-rŭpˈshŭn), a sudden and -violent inroad or invasion.</p> - -<p><b>iˌso-laˈtion</b> (īˌsō-lāˈshŭn), being alone, -separate from others.</p> - -<p><b>isˈsue</b> (ĭshˈū), outcome, result.</p> - -<p><b>issˈued on the praiˈrie</b> (ĭshˈūd on the -prāˈrĭ), came forth on the prairie.</p> - -<p><b>i-tinˈer-ant</b> (ī-tĭnˈẽr-ănt), wandering.</p> - -<p><b>jagˈger-y</b> (jăgˈẽr-ĭ), a coarse brown -sugar.</p> - -<p><b>Ja-iˈrus</b> (ja᷵-īˈrŭs), Luke VIII, 49-56.</p> - -<p><b>jasˈmine</b> (jăsˈmĭn), a shrub bearing flowers -of a peculiarly fragrant odor.</p> - -<p><b>jasˈper</b> (jăsˈpẽr), a kind of quartz.</p> - -<p><b>jaunt</b> (jänt; jônt), a short excursion for -pleasure.</p> - -<p><b>jealˈous rage</b> (jĕlˈŭs), selfish anger.</p> - -<p><b>jeopˈard-y</b> (jĕpˈȧr-dĭ), risk.</p> - -<p><b>Je-ruˈsa-lem</b> (je᷵-ro̅o̅ˈsȧ-lĕm), the chief -city of Palestine, closely associated -with the life and death of Jesus Christ.</p> - -<p><b>jesˈsa-mine</b> (jĕsˈȧ-mĭn), same as jasmine.</p> - -<p><b>Joan</b> (jōn), short for Joanna.</p> - -<p><b>jockˈey</b> (jŏkˈĭ), a professional rider of -horses in races.</p> - -<p><b>jocˈund</b> (jŏkˈŭnd), merry.</p> - -<p><b>jogˈging</b> (jŏgˈĭng), moving slowly.</p> - -<p><b>john’s-wort</b>, St. John’s-wort, a small -plant having yellow flowers.</p> - -<p><b>joinˈer</b> (joinˈẽr), one who repairs furniture.</p> - -<p><b>jourˈnal-ist</b> (jûrˈnăl-ĭst), one who writes -for a public journal.</p> - -<p><b>jousts</b> (jŭsts; jo̅o̅sts), combats on horseback -between two knights with lances.</p> - -<p><b>ju-diˈcious-ly</b> (jo̅o̅-dĭshˈŭs-lĭ), wisely.</p> - -<p><b>junˈgle</b> (jŭnˈg’l), land overgrown with -brushwood.</p> - -<p><b>jungle-serpent</b>, meaning Indian soldiers.</p> - -<p><b>juˈror</b> (jo̅o̅ˈrẽr), member of a jury, one -of a number of men sworn to deliver a -verdict as a body.</p> - -<p><b>juˈry-mast</b> (jo̅o̅ˈrĭ mȧst), temporary -mast.</p> - -<p><b>jusˌti-fi-caˈtion</b> (jŭsˌtĭ-fĭ-kāˈshŭn), defense, -support.</p> - -<p><b>Kaˈla Nag</b> (käˈlȧ näg).</p> - -<p><b>keel</b> (kēl), the timber or combination of -timbers supporting a vessel’s framework.</p> - -<p><b>keel the pot</b>, to skim or stir, as to prevent -boiling over.</p> - -<p><b>Khe-diveˈ</b> (kĕ-dēvˈ), the governor of -Egypt.</p> - -<p><b>Kieldˈholm</b> (kēldˈhōm).</p> - -<p><b>Kil-drumˈmie</b> (kĭl-drŭmˈmĭ).</p> - -<p><b>Kil-menˈy</b> (kĭl-mĕnˈĭ).</p> - -<p><b>kinˈdred</b> (kĭnˈdrĕd), family.</p> - -<p><b>King Log</b>, a character in one of Aesopˈs -fables.</p> - -<p><b>King Solomon</b>, a Biblical king of great -magnificence. I Kings I, 32-40.</p> - -<p><b>kinˌni-kin-nicˈ</b> (kĭnˌĭ-kĭ-nĭkˈ), the red -bearberry.</p> - -<p><b>kinsˈman</b> (kĭnzˈmăn), a relative.</p> - -<p><b>Kirchˈer</b> (kĭrkˈẽr), a Jesuit scientist.</p> - -<p><b>knave</b> (nāv), rascal.</p> - -<p><b>knee-hal-tered</b> (nȧ-hălˈtẽrd), haltered or -tied at the knees.</p> - -<p><b>knell</b> (nĕl), stroke or sound of a bell.</p> - -<p><b>Knickˈer-bockˈer, Dieˈdrick</b> (dēˈdrĭk nĭkˈẽr-bŏkˈẽr).</p> - -<p><b>knightly exercises</b>, practice for knighthood.</p> - -<p><b>knocked down</b>, sold at auction.</p> - -<p><b>knolled</b> (nōld), summoned by a bell.</p> - -<p><b>la-boˈri-ous</b> (lȧ-bōˈrĭ-ŭs), toilsome.</p> - -<p><b>labˈy-rinth</b> (lăbˈĭ-rĭnth), a place full of -passageways which make it difficult to -find the way out; confusion.</p> - -<p><b>labˈy-rinth of whims</b> (lăbˈĭ-rĭnth), a confusion -of notions hard to understand.</p> - -<p><b>lackˈing</b> (lăkˈĭng), not there.</p> - -<p><b>ladˈing</b> (lādˈĭng), load, cargo.</p> - -<p><b>lair</b> (lâr), bed.</p> - -<p><b>Lanˈca-shire</b> (lănˈkȧ-shẽr), a northwestern -county of England.</p> - -<p><b>landˈmarkˌ</b> (lăndˈmärkˌ), any object that -marks a locality or serves as a guide.</p> - -<p><b>Land Office</b>, a government office in which -the sales of public land are registered.</p> - -<p><b>landˈscape</b> (lăndˈskāp), a portion of land -which the eye can see in a single -glance.</p> - -<p><b>lanˈguor</b> (lănˈgẽr), dullness, lack of life.</p> - -<p><b>lappˈped in quiet</b> (lăpt), wrapped in quiet, -or stillness.</p> - -<p><b>lapse</b> (lăps), a slip, a passing.</p> - -<p><b>larˈboard</b> (lärˈbōrd; bẽrd), the left-hand -side of a ship to one on board facing -toward the bow, port.</p> - -<p><b>larˈgess</b> (lärˈjĕs), gift.</p> - -<p><b>larˈi-at</b> (lărˈĭ-ăt), long, small rope of -hemp or hide with a running noose, -used for catching cattle or horses.</p> - -<p><b>lashˈing</b> (lăshˈĭng), striking.</p> - -<p><b>lashˈings</b> (lăshˈĭngz), cords, ropes.</p> - -<p><b>latˈer-al</b> (lătˈẽr-ăl), sidewise.</p> - -<p><b>latˈi-tude</b> (lătˈĭ-tūd), distance north or -south of the equator.</p> - -<p><b>latˈtice</b> (lătˈĭs), a kind of framework, -made by crossing thin strips so as to -form a network.</p> - -<p><b>laudˈa-ble</b> (lôdˈȧ-b’l), praiseworthy.</p> - -<p><b>laudˈing</b> (lôdˈing), praising.</p> - -<p><b>launch</b> (länch; lônch), fling out; set -afloat.</p> - -<p><b>lauˈrel</b> (lôˈrĕl), a shrub or tree, with fragrant -leaves.</p> - -<p><b>La-vaineˈ</b> (lä-vānˈ).</p> - -<p><b>lavˈish</b> (lăvˈĭsh), generous.</p> - -<p><b>lay</b> (lā), not of the clergy.</p> - -<p><b>lay-to</b>, to lie head to windward without -moving, except for drift.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_610" id="Page_610">[610]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>lazˌa-reetˈ</b>, for <b>lazˌa-retˈto</b>, in sailor’s -language, a place near the stern of -some merchant vessels, used as a storehouse.</p> - -<p><b>league</b> (lēg), a measure of distance varying -for different times and countries -from about 2.4 to 4.6 miles; combination -for mutual support.</p> - -<p><b>leagued</b> (lēgd), united.</p> - -<p><b>leave</b> (lēv), permission.</p> - -<p><b>led horse</b> (lĕd), an extra horse.</p> - -<p><b>lee of a boulˈder</b> (bōlˈdẽr), sheltered side -of a boulder or rock.</p> - -<p><b>leek</b> (lēk), a plant resembling the onion.</p> - -<p><b>leeˈward</b> (lēˈwẽrd; lēˈẽrd), the part or -side of the ship opposite to the direction -from which the wind blows; sheltered.</p> - -<p><b>legˈa-cy</b> (lĕgˈȧ-sĭ), a gift, something -coming from an ancestor or predecessor.</p> - -<p><b>legˈend</b> (lĕjˈĕnd; lēˈjĕnd), a story that -has been handed down.</p> - -<p><b>legˈend-a-ry</b> (lĕjˈĕn-da᷵-rĭ), fabulous, traditional.</p> - -<p><b>le-gitˈi-mate</b> (le᷵-jĭtˈĭ-māt), lawful.</p> - -<p><b>leiˈsure</b> (lēˈzhu᷵r), time free from work.</p> - -<p><b>Le Morte D’Arthur</b> (lĕ môrt därˈthẽr), -French for <b>the death of Arthur</b>.</p> - -<p><b>Le-odˈo-gran</b> (lā-ŏdˈō-grăn).</p> - -<p><b>lepˈro-sy</b> (lĕpˈrō-sĭ), an incurable disease.</p> - -<p><b>le-tharˈgic</b> (le᷵-thärˈjĭk), heavy with -sleep.</p> - -<p><b>lethˈar-gy</b> (lĕthˈȧr-jĭ), continued or profound -sleep; state of inaction.</p> - -<p><b>likeˈli-est</b> (līkˈlĭ-ĕst), fittest.</p> - -<p><b>Liˈma Town</b> (lēˈmä), in Peru.</p> - -<p><b>limˌi-taˈtion</b> (lĭmˌĭ-tāˈshŭn), that which -confines within limits.</p> - -<p><b>Linˈcoln-shire</b> (lĭnˈkŭn-shẽr), a county -in England.</p> - -<p><b>linˈe-age</b> (lĭnˈe᷵-a᷵j), descent, family.</p> - -<p><b>linˈe-al</b> (lĭnˈe᷵-ăl), descending in a direct -line.</p> - -<p><b>linˈnet</b> (lĭnˈĕt), a common small finch.</p> - -<p><b>Liˈon-el</b> (līˈŭn-ĕl).</p> - -<p><b>Liˈo-nesˌ</b> (lēˈō-nĕsˌ).</p> - -<p><b>linˈsey-woolˈsey</b> (lĭnˈzĭ-wo͡olˈzĭ), coarse -cloth made of linen and wool.</p> - -<p><b>lists</b> (lĭsts), chooses, likes; the field of -knightly combat.</p> - -<p><b>literal and metaphorical</b> (lĭtˈẽr-ăl, mĕtˈȧ-fôrˈĭ-kăl), -speaking according to both -fact and figure.</p> - -<p><b>litˈer-al-ly</b> (lĭtˈẽr-ăl-lĭ), word by word.</p> - -<p><b>litˈer-a-ture</b> (lĭtˈẽr-ȧ-tu᷵r), the class of -writings of a given country, or period, -or people, which is notable for form or -expression.</p> - -<p><b>Lithˈgow</b> (lĭthˈgō), a town near Edinburgh.</p> - -<p><b>litˈter</b> (lĭtˈẽr), a stretcher so arranged -with poles at the sides that a sick or -wounded person may easily be carried -on it.</p> - -<p><b>liveˈlongˌ</b> (lĭvˈlŏngˌ), whole.</p> - -<p><b>livˈer of his soul</b>, most loved possession.</p> - -<p><b>loadˈstoneˌ</b> (lōdˈstōnˌ), magnet.</p> - -<p><b>loath</b> (lōth), unwilling.</p> - -<p><b>loch</b> (lŏk), a lake.</p> - -<p><b>Loch-gyleˈ</b> (lŏk-gīlˈ).</p> - -<p><b>Loch-ielˈ</b> (lŏk-ēlˈ).</p> - -<p><b>Locke, John</b>, English philosopher (1632-1704).</p> - -<p><b>lockˈer</b> (lŏkˈẽr), a chest or compartment -for stowing anything snugly.</p> - -<p><b>lodge-pole</b> (lŏj-pōl), a long, slender pole -used in setting up a tent.</p> - -<p><b>Lo-foˈden</b> (lō-fōˈdĕn), a group of islands -off the coast of northern Norway.</p> - -<p><b>loftˈi-est</b> (lŏftˈĭ-ĕst), highest.</p> - -<p><b>Log</b> (lŏg), the full nautical record of a -ship’s voyage.</p> - -<p><b>logˈic</b> (lŏjˈĭk), reason.</p> - -<p><b>lolled</b> (lŏld), hung.</p> - -<p><b>lonˌgi-tuˈdi-nal</b> (lŏnˌjĭ-tūˈdĭ-năl), running -lengthwise.</p> - -<p><b>’longˈshore lub-bers</b> (lŏngˈshōr lŭbˈbẽrz), -people used to staying on shore.</p> - -<p><b>long-vanˈished</b>, long disappeared.</p> - -<p><b>loom</b> (lo̅o̅m), appearance of exaggerated -size.</p> - -<p><b>loomˈing</b> (lo̅o̅mˈĭng), appearing.</p> - -<p><b>loosed</b> (lo̅o̅st) <b>storm breaks furiously</b>, -the storm that has been released, -breaks angrily.</p> - -<p><b>Lord Naˈpi-er</b> (nāˈpĭ-ẽr).</p> - -<p><b>lore</b> (lōr), wisdom, knowledge.</p> - -<p><b>loˈsel</b> (lōˈzĕl), a worthless person.</p> - -<p><b>Los Muerˈtos</b> (lōs mĕrˈtōs).</p> - -<p><b>lot is cast with men</b>, your life must be -led among men.</p> - -<p><b>louˈis d’or</b> (lo̅o̅ˈē dōr), a former gold -coin of France.</p> - -<p><b>loungˈing</b> (lounjˈĭng), idling, reclining.</p> - -<p><b>lour</b>, frown, to look threatening.</p> - -<p><b>loyˈal-ty</b> (loiˈăl-tĭ), faithfulness.</p> - -<p><b>lubˈber-ly</b> (lŭbˈẽr-lĭ), like a clumsy fellow, -ignorant of seamanship.</p> - -<p><b>Luˈcan</b> (lūˈkăn).</p> - -<p><b>luckless starrˈd</b>, born under an unlucky -star; unfortunate.</p> - -<p><b>Luckˈnowˌ</b> (lŭkˈnouˌ), a city in India.</p> - -<p><b>luˈcra-tive</b> (lūˈkrȧ-tĭv), making money, -profitable.</p> - -<p><b>luˈdi-crous</b> (lūˈdĭ-krŭs), ridiculous, comical.</p> - -<p><b>lugˈsailˌ</b> (lŭgˈsālˌ), a four-sided sail -without a boom.</p> - -<p><b>lu-guˈbri-ous</b> (lu᷵-gūˈbrĭ-ŭs), mournful.</p> - -<p><b>lulled</b> (lŭld), quieted.</p> - -<p><b>lumˈber-ing</b> (lŭmˈbẽr-ĭng), bulky, rumbling.</p> - -<p><b>luˈmi-nous</b> (lūˈmĭ-nŭs), shining; full of -light.</p> - -<p><b>lurch</b> (lûrch), a sudden roll to one side.</p> - -<p><b>luˈrid</b> (lūˈrĭd), like glowing fire seen -through cloud or smoke; terrible, blazing.</p> - -<p><b>lurkˈing</b> (lûrkˈĭng), hidden, sneaking.</p> - -<p><b>lusˈter</b> (lŭsˈtẽr), brightness, glitter.</p> - -<p><b>Luˈther, Martin</b> (lo̅o̅ˈthẽr), a German reformer, -translator of the Bible and -writer of many hymns.</p> - -<p><b>lux-uˈri-ous</b> (lŭks-ūˈrĭ-ŭs), extravagant; -with unrestrained delight.</p> - -<p><b>madˈdened</b> (mădˈ’nd), enraged.</p> - -<p><b>made shift</b>, managed, contrived.</p> - -<p><b>Maelˈstrom</b> (mālˈstrŏm), a whirlpool on -the coast of Norway.</p> - -<p><b>magˌa-zineˈ</b> (măgˌȧ-zēnˈ), the place -where the cartridges are put in a gun; -a storehouse, granary.</p> - -<p><b>Magˈda-la</b> (măgˈdȧ-lȧ).</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_611" id="Page_611">[611]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>Maˈgi</b> (māˈjī), the three wise men who -brought gifts to the Christ child. -Matt. II.</p> - -<p><b>magˈic</b> (măjˈĭk), sorcery, witchery, -charm.</p> - -<p><b>ma-giˈcian</b> (mȧ-jĭshˈăn), one skilled in -magic.</p> - -<p><b>magˈis-tra-cy</b> (măjˈĭs-trȧ-sĭ), office of a -magistrate or public officer.</p> - -<p><b>magˌna-nimˈi-ty</b> (măgˌnȧ-nĭmˈĭ-tĭ), great -minded, raised above what is ungenerous.</p> - -<p><b>mag-nanˈi-mous</b> (măg-nănˈĭ-mŭs), unselfish.</p> - -<p><b>magˈni-tude</b> (măgˈnĭ-tūd), greatness, -size.</p> - -<p><b>mag-noˈli-a</b> (măg-nōˈlĭ-ȧ), a genus of -trees having aromatic bark and large -fragrant white, pink, or purple blossoms.</p> - -<p><b>ma-houtˈ</b> (mȧ-houtˈ), the keeper and -driver of an elephant.</p> - -<p><b>main</b> (mān), the great sea.</p> - -<p><b>main-tainedˈ</b> (mān-tāndˈ), kept, held.</p> - -<p><b>mainˈte-nance</b> (mānˈte᷵-năns), support.</p> - -<p><b>Ma-layˈ</b> (mȧ-lā; māˈlā), a native of the -Malayan peninsula, the extreme south -end of the mainland of Asia, or of the -neighboring islands.</p> - -<p><b>ma-levˈo-lent</b> (mȧ-lĕvˈō-lĕnt), wishing -evil.</p> - -<p><b>malˈice</b> (mălˈĭs), ill will.</p> - -<p><b>malˈlet</b> (mălˈlĕt), a wooden hammer.</p> - -<p><b>Malˈor-y, Sir Thomas</b> (mălˈō-rĭ).</p> - -<p><b>Mal-teseˈ</b> (môl-tēzˈ), a native of Malta, -an island in the Mediterranean sea, -south of Sicily.</p> - -<p><b>manˈage-a-ble</b> (mănˈa᷵j-ȧ-b’l), governable.</p> - -<p><b>manˈdate</b> (mănˈda᷵t), command, order.</p> - -<p><b>manˈgle</b> (mănˈg’l), spoil, injure, mutilate.</p> - -<p><b>maˈni-a</b> (māˈnĭ-ȧ), madness, violent desire, -craze.</p> - -<p><b>maˈni-ac</b> (māˈnĭ-ăk), a madman.</p> - -<p><b>manˌi-fes-taˈtion</b> (mănˌĭ-fĕs-tāˈshŭn), -revelation, disclosure.</p> - -<p><b>manˈi-fest-ly</b> (mănˈĭ-fĕst-lĭ), clearly, -plainly.</p> - -<p><b>manˈi-fold</b> (mănˈĭ-fōld), numerous.</p> - -<p><b>manly motive and sustainment</b> (mōˈtĭv, -sŭs-tānˈmĕnt), strength to face a situation -bravely.</p> - -<p><b>manned</b> (mănd), supplied with men for a -crew.</p> - -<p><b>manˈor</b> (mănˈẽr), house or hall of an -estate.</p> - -<p><b>ma-raudˈer</b> (mȧ-rôdˈẽr), plunderer.</p> - -<p><b>Mareˈschal</b> (märˈshăl), general, commander-in-chief.</p> - -<p><b>Mare Tenˈe-braˈrum</b> (mäˈrĕ tĕnˈe᷵-bräˈrŭm), -Latin words meaning sea of -darkness.</p> - -<p><b>markˈing time</b> (märkˈĭng), moving of the -feet alternately.</p> - -<p><b>mart</b> (märt), contraction of market.</p> - -<p><b>marˈtial</b> (märˈshăl), warlike.</p> - -<p><b>marˈtin</b> (märˈtĭn), kind of bird.</p> - -<p><b>Martˈling, Dofˈfue</b> (märtˈlĭng, dŏfˈfū).</p> - -<p><b>marˈvel</b> (märˈvĕl), wonder.</p> - -<p><b>Maseˈfield, John</b> (māsˈfēld).</p> - -<p><b>mask</b> (măsk), hide.</p> - -<p><b>maˈson-ry</b> (māˈs’n-rĭ), work of a mason.</p> - -<p><b>massˈa-cre</b> (mȧsˈă-kẽr), the murder of -human beings in numbers.</p> - -<p><b>Masˈsa-soit</b> (măsˈȧ-soit), father of King -Philip, a Wampanoag sachem.</p> - -<p><b>masˈsive</b> (mȧsˈĭv), heavy, weighty, -bulky.</p> - -<p><b>matchˈlock</b> (măchˈlŏk), an old style gun.</p> - -<p><b>maˌteˈri-al enˈer-gy</b> (mȧˌtēˈrĭ-ăl ĕnˈĕr-jĭ), -physical power.</p> - -<p><b>ma-terˈnal</b> (mȧ-tûrˈnăl), motherly, relating -to a mother.</p> - -<p><b>mathˌe-ma-tiˈcian</b> (măthˌe᷵-mȧ-tĭshˈăn), -one versed in the science of mathematics.</p> - -<p><b>Mathˈer, Cotton</b> (măthˈẽr), an American -clergyman and author of a church history -of America. He took an active -part in the persecutions for witchcraft, -carried on in New England.</p> - -<p><b>matˈtock</b> (mătˈŭk), an implement for digging -and grubbing.</p> - -<p><b>ma-tureˈly</b> (mȧ-tūr-lĭ), completely.</p> - -<p><b>mauˈger</b> (môˈgẽr), in spite of.</p> - -<p><b>maulˈing</b> (môlˈĭng), beating.</p> - -<p><b>maunˈder</b> (mônˈdẽr; mänˈdẽr), mumble, -mutter.</p> - -<p><b>maxˈim</b> (măkˈsĭm), proverb.</p> - -<p><b>May bedecks the naked trees</b>, May -causes the flowers and leaves to come -forth on the bare trees.</p> - -<p><b>mayˈflowˌer</b>, the trailing arbutus.</p> - -<p><b>McCraeˈ, John D.</b> (krā).</p> - -<p><b>mead</b> (mēd), meadow.</p> - -<p><b>me-anˈder</b> (me᷵-ănˈdẽr), to wind.</p> - -<p><b>measˈured in cups of ale</b> (mĕzhˈu᷵rd), -counted the length (of the story) by -the number of cups drunk.</p> - -<p><b>meat</b> (mēt), a meal.</p> - -<p><b>me-chanˈi-cal-ly</b> (me᷵-kănˈĭ-kăl-ĭ), like a -machine.</p> - -<p><b>me-chanˈics</b> (me᷵-kănˈĭks), those who -work with machinery or in the making -of machinery.</p> - -<p><b>medˈdling</b> (mĕdˈ’lĭng), busying oneself, -interfering with.</p> - -<p><b>mevdi-ocˈri-ty</b> (mēˌdĭ-ŏkˈrĭ-tĭ), common -quality, average.</p> - -<p><b>medˈi-tate</b> (mĕdˈĭ-tāt), muse or ponder, -think over again and again.</p> - -<p><b>medˈley</b> (mĕdˈlĭ), mixture.</p> - -<p><b>Me-doˈra</b> (mē-dōˈră).</p> - -<p><b>meetˈly</b> (mētˈlĭ), fitly.</p> - -<p><b>melˈan-cho-ly</b> (mĕlˈăn-kŏl-ĭ), mournful, -sad, depressed; sadness.</p> - -<p><b>memˈoir</b> (mĕmˈwŏr; wär), an account of -events as remembered or gathered -from certain sources by the writer.</p> - -<p><b>memˈor-a-ble</b> (mĕmˈōr-ȧ-b’l), remarkable, -notable, worthy of remembrance.</p> - -<p><b>menˈace</b> (mĕnˈa᷵s), threaten.</p> - -<p><b>menˈdi-can-cy</b> (mĕnˈdĭ-kăn-sĭ), state of -being a beggar.</p> - -<p><b>men of my blood</b>, fellow Englishmen.</p> - -<p><b>men of worˈship</b>, men to be respected.</p> - -<p><b>men-talˈi-ty</b> (mĕn-tălˈĭ-tĭ), state of mind.</p> - -<p><b>merˈce-na-ry</b> (mûrˈse᷵-na᷵-rĭ), hired soldiers -in the service of a country other -than their own.</p> - -<p><b>merˈcu-ry</b> (mûrˈku᷵-rĭ), quicksilver, a -heavy metal, liquid at all ordinary temperatures, -used in barometers.</p> - -<p><b>Merˈcu-ry</b> (mûrˈku᷵-rĭ), in Roman mythology -the messenger of Jupiter.</p> - -<p><b>mere</b> (mēr), lake.</p> - -<p><b>mereˈstead</b> (mērˈstĕd), farm.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_612" id="Page_612">[612]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>merˌe-triˈcious</b> (mĕrˌe᷵-trĭshˈŭs), tawdry, -gaudy.</p> - -<p><b>Merˈsey</b> (mẽrˈzĭ), a river in England.</p> - -<p><b>me-seemˈeth</b> (me᷵-sēmˈĕth), it seems to -me.</p> - -<p><b>meshes of steel</b>, the steel nets used to -entangle the submarines.</p> - -<p><b>messˌmate</b> (mĕsˌmātˈ), table companion.</p> - -<p><b>Me-ta-comˈet</b> (mā-tȧ-kŏmˈĕt).</p> - -<p><b>met-alˈlic</b> (me᷵t-tălˈĭk), resembling metal.</p> - -<p><b>metˈa-phor</b> (mĕtˈȧ-fẽr), a figure of speech -in which the characteristics of one -thing are carried over to another.</p> - -<p><b>meˈte-or flag</b>, flag raised high in the air.</p> - -<p><b>meteor of the ocean air</b>, the flag.</p> - -<p><b>Methˈven</b> (mĕthˈvĕn), a village near -Perth.</p> - -<p><b>metˈtle</b> (mĕtˈ’l), spirit.</p> - -<p><b>Mi-anˌto-niˈmo</b> (mĭ-ănˌtō-nīˈmō), Sachem -of the Narragansetts.</p> - -<p><b>Miˈdas</b> (mīˈdȧs), a king, in fable, whose -touch turned everything to gold.</p> - -<p><b>Midˈi-an-ites</b> (mĭdˈĭ-ăn-īts), an Arabian -tribe that made war upon the Israelites.</p> - -<p><b>mien</b> (mēn), manner, air.</p> - -<p><b>might not serve him hitherto</b>, up to that -time might not allow him to.</p> - -<p><b>mighˈty tuskˈer</b> (mĭtˈĭ tŭsˈkẽr), elephant -having large tusks.</p> - -<p><b>miˈgrate</b> (mīˈgrāt), to go from one place -to another, to move.</p> - -<p><b>Milˈan</b> (mīˈlăn; mīˌlanˈ), a city, also a -province, of Lombardy, Italy.</p> - -<p><b>milˈlet</b> (mĭlˈlĕt), any one of several -grasses bearing small, roundish grains.</p> - -<p><b>mimˈic</b> (mĭmˈĭk), imitate.</p> - -<p><b>minˈgled</b> (mĭnˈg’ld), mixed, blended.</p> - -<p><b>minˈis-ter</b> (mĭnˈĭs-tẽr), supply.</p> - -<p><b>Miˈnor-ites</b> (mīˈnŏr-ītz), a Franciscan -order.</p> - -<p><b>minˈstrel</b> (mĭnˈstrĕl), one who sang -verses to the accompaniment of a -harp; a poet.</p> - -<p><b>mi-nuteˈ</b> (mĭ-nūtˈ), very small.</p> - -<p><b>mi-racˈu-lous</b> (mĭ-răkˈu᷵-lŭs), wonderful.</p> - -<p><b>Mi-ranˈda</b> (mĭ-rănˈdä).</p> - -<p><b>mirˈy</b> (mīrˈĭ), covered with mud.</p> - -<p><b>misvan-thropˈic</b> (mĭsˌăn-thrŏpˈĭk), avoiding -one’s kind; not liking mankind.</p> - -<p><b>mis-calˌcu-laˈtion</b> (mĭs-kălˌku᷵-lāˈshŭn), -a wrong judgment.</p> - -<p><b>misˈchie-vous</b> (mĭsˈchĭ-vŭs), full of mischief.</p> - -<p><b>mis-givˈing</b> (mĭs-gĭvˈĭng), fear, distrust.</p> - -<p><b>mis-ruleˈ</b> (mĭs-ro̅o̅lˈ), disorder, bad government.</p> - -<p><b>mis-shapˈen</b> (mĭs-shāp’n), deformed, -having a bad or ugly shape or form.</p> - -<p><b>misˈsile</b> (mĭsˈĭl), a weapon or object -thrown.</p> - -<p><b>mocˈca-sin</b> (mŏkˈȧ-sĭn), a shoe of deer-skin, -with the sole and upper cut in -one piece.</p> - -<p><b>mockˈer-y</b> (mŏkˈẽr-ĭ), ridicule, insult; -imitation.</p> - -<p><b>mode</b> (mōd), manner.</p> - -<p><b>modˈer-ate</b> (mŏdˈẽr-a᷵t), reasonable; -calm.</p> - -<p><b>modˈi-cum</b> (mŏdˈĭ-kŭm), a little, a small -quantity.</p> - -<p><b>Moˈdred</b> (mōˈdrĕd).</p> - -<p><b>Moˈhawks</b> (mōˈhôks), Indians of the -principal tribe of the Iroquois Confederacy, -formerly occupying the Mohawk -Valley, New York.</p> - -<p><b>moˌles-taˈtion</b> (mōˌlĕs-tāˈshŭn), disturbance, -annoyance.</p> - -<p><b>molt</b> (mōlt), shed, cast off.</p> - -<p><b>moˈment</b> (mōˈmĕnt), importance.</p> - -<p><b>moˈmen-ta-ry</b> (mōˈmĕn-tȧ-rĭ), short-lived.</p> - -<p><b>mo-menˈtum</b> (mō-mĕnˈtŭm), the force of -motion in a moving body.</p> - -<p><b>monˈgrel</b> (mŭnˈgrĕl), of mixed origin.</p> - -<p><b>mo-notˈo-ny</b> (mō-nŏtˈō-nĭ), sameness, -want of variety.</p> - -<p><b>monˈstrous</b> (mŏnˈstrŭs), marvelous, -enormous.</p> - -<p><b>Mon-teithˈ</b> (mŏn-tēthˈ).</p> - -<p><b>mon-teˈro</b> (mŏn-tāˈrō), a hunting cap -with flaps.</p> - -<p><b>Monˌte-zuˈma</b> (mŏnˌte᷵-zo̅o̅ˈmȧ), a war -chief or emperor of the Aztecs in ancient -Mexico.</p> - -<p><b>moodˈy</b> (mo̅o̅dˈĭ), gloomy, sullen.</p> - -<p><b>moor</b> (mo̅o̅r), sandy ground more or less -marshy.</p> - -<p><b>moored</b> (mo̅o̅rd), tied, fastened.</p> - -<p><b>moose</b> (mo̅o̅s), a large animal of the deer -family.</p> - -<p><b>morˈal-izving</b> (mŏrˈăl-īzˌĭng), thinking -about the meaning of life, drawing -morals.</p> - -<p><b>mo-rassˈ</b> (mō-răsˈ), swamp.</p> - -<p><b>morˈsel</b> (môrˈsĕl), a little piece.</p> - -<p><b>morˈtal</b> (môrˈtăl), subject to death; -causing death.</p> - -<p><b>mortal means</b>, human ways.</p> - -<p><b>morˌti-fi-caˈtion</b> (môrˌtĭ-fĭ-kāˈshŭn), -shame, humiliation.</p> - -<p><b>Moˈses</b> (mōˈzĕz), the character in the -Bible who led the Children of Israel -through the Wilderness to the Promised -Land. Exodus I.</p> - -<p><b>Mosˈkoe-strom</b> (mŏsˈkō-strŏm).</p> - -<p><b>Mosˈlem mosque</b> (mŏzˈlĕm mŏsk), a Mohammedan -place of worship.</p> - -<p><b>Moˈti Guj</b> (mōˈtĭ go̅o̅j).</p> - -<p><b>moˈtive</b> (mōˈtĭv), cause, reason, object.</p> - -<p><b>motˈtled</b> (mŏtˈl’d), spotted.</p> - -<p><b>mounˈtain-men</b> (mounˈtĭn), men who live -in mountainous regions.</p> - -<p><b>Mount Helˈi-con</b> (mount hĕlˈĭ-kŏn).</p> - -<p><b>Mount Par-nasˈsus</b> (mount pär-năsˈŭs), -a mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo -and the Muses.</p> - -<p><b>mouthˈings</b> (mouthˈĭngz), excited talking, -ravings.</p> - -<p><b>moy dore, moiˈdore</b> (moiˈdōr), a gold -coin of Portugal.</p> - -<p><b>mufˈfled</b> (mŭfˈl’d), wrapped up closely.</p> - -<p><b>Mulatas Cays</b> (mo̅o̅-läˈtȧs kās).</p> - -<p><b>mule deer</b> (mūl dēr), a long-eared deer -of western North America.</p> - -<p><b>mu-seˈum</b> (mu᷵-zēˈŭm), a collection of -natural, scientific, or literary curiosities, -or of works of art.</p> - -<p><b>musˈing</b> (mūzˈĭng), thinking, mediating.</p> - -<p><b>musˈket-eersˈ</b> (mŭsˈkĕt-ērz), soldiers -armed with muskets.</p> - -<p><b>Musˈsul-mans</b> (mŭsˈŭl-mănz), Mohammedans.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_613" id="Page_613">[613]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>musˈter</b> (mŭsˈtẽr), the sum total of a -body or ship’s company; assembly for -parade; show, display; to collect.</p> - -<p><b>muˈta-ble</b> (mūˈtȧ-b’l), changeable.</p> - -<p><b>muˌti-neerˈ</b> (mūˌtĭ-nērˈ), one who refuses -to obey lawful authority.</p> - -<p><b>muˈti-ny</b> (mūˈtĭ-nĭ), insurrection against, -or refusal to obey authority.</p> - -<p><b>muˈtu-al</b> (mūˈtu᷵-ăl), common.</p> - -<p><b>muzˈzle</b> (mŭzˈ’l), mouth.</p> - -<p><b>my heart giveth unto you</b>, my liking for -you tells me.</p> - -<p><b>myn-heerˈ</b> (mīn-hār; mĭn-hērˈ), the -Dutch term for <b>mister</b>.</p> - -<p><b>myrˈi-ad-handˈed</b> (mĭrˈĭ-ăd-hăndˈĕd), -thousand-handed.</p> - -<p><b>mysˈter-y</b> (mĭsˈtẽr-ĭ), profound secret.</p> - -<p><b>myth</b> (mĭth), imaginary person.</p> - -<p><b>Narˌra-ganˈsets</b> (nărˌȧ-gănˈsĕts), a tribe -of Algonquian Indians formerly dwelling -about Narragansett Bay in Rhode -Island.</p> - -<p><b>nar-rateˈ</b> (nă-rātˈ), relate, tell.</p> - -<p><b>narˈra-tive</b> (nărˈȧ-tĭv), story, account.</p> - -<p><b>natˈu-ral hisˈto-ry</b> (nătˈu᷵-răl hĭsˈtō-rĭ), -the study of animals and their habits.</p> - -<p><b>natˈu-ral-ist</b> (nătˈū-răl-ĭst), a student of -natural history, especially of the natural -history of animals.</p> - -<p><b>natˌu-ral provˈen-der</b> (nătˌu᷵-răl prŏvˈĕn-dẽr), -usual food.</p> - -<p><b>navˈi-gate</b> (năvˈĭ-gāt), to journey on, to -travel by water.</p> - -<p><b>Naˈzim</b> (näˈzĭm).</p> - -<p><b>ne-cesˈsi-tate</b> (ne᷵-sĕsˈĭ-tāt), make necessary.</p> - -<p><b>ne-cesˈsi-ty</b> (ne᷵-sĕsˈĭ-tĭ), need.</p> - -<p><b>necessity was upon them</b>, they needed, -were obliged to.</p> - -<p><b>necˈro-manˌcy</b> (nĕkˈrō-mănˌsĭ), the art -of revealing the future by communication -with the spirits of the dead.</p> - -<p><b>Nelˈson, Ho-raˈtio</b> (1758-1805), a great -English admiral.</p> - -<p><b>nestˈling</b> (nĕstˈlĭng), young bird.</p> - -<p><b>never a prophet so crazy</b>, never a foreteller -of events so excited, or distracted -with eager desire.</p> - -<p><b>Newˈcasˌtle</b> (nūˈkȧsˌ’l), a manufacturing -city in the north of England.</p> - -<p><b>New-eˈra Elˈli-a</b> (nū-ēˈrȧ ĕlˈlĭ-ȧ).</p> - -<p><b>New South Shetland</b> (shĕtˈlănd), archipelago, -in the Antarctic Ocean, near -Cape Horn.</p> - -<p><b>Newˈton, Sir Isaac</b>, an English philosopher -and mathematician (1642-1727).</p> - -<p><b>nice</b> (nīs), discriminating, exacting.</p> - -<p><b>niche</b> (nĭch), a hollow or recess, generally -within the thickness of a wall, for -a statue or bust.</p> - -<p><b>Nicholas Nickleby</b> (nĭkˈō-lȧs nĭk’l-bĭ).</p> - -<p><b>Nieuw-Nederlandts</b>, Dutch for New -Netherlands.</p> - -<p><b>Niˈgel</b> (nīˈgĕl).</p> - -<p><b>nigˈgard-ly</b> (nīgˈȧrd-lĭ), stingy.</p> - -<p><b>nightˈrack</b>, night wreckage.</p> - -<p><b>nine at night</b>, nine o’clock.</p> - -<p><b>Nipˈmuck</b> (nĭpˈmŭk).</p> - -<p><b>nobly proportioned</b>, of great build.</p> - -<p><b>noised abroad</b>, told abroad.</p> - -<p><b>nomˈi-nal</b> (nŏmˈĭ-năl), not real or actual.</p> - -<p><b>noonˈing</b> (no̅o̅nˈĭng), noontime.</p> - -<p><b>northˈer</b> (nôrˈthĕr), a wind from the -north.</p> - -<p><b>North-gaˈlis</b> (nôrth-gāˈlĭs).</p> - -<p><b>North-umˈber-land</b> (nôr-thŭmˈbẽr-lănd).</p> - -<p><b>Nor-weˈgian</b> (nŏr-wēˈjăn), pertaining to -Norway, a country of northern Europe.</p> - -<p><b>noˈtion</b> (nōˈshŭn), fancy, imagination.</p> - -<p><b>notˌwith-standˈing</b> (nŏtˌwĭth-stănˈdĭng), -although.</p> - -<p><b>novˈel</b> (nŏvˈĕl), new, unusual.</p> - -<p><b>Nuˈbi-an ge-ogˈra-pher</b> (nūˈbĭ-ȧn je᷵-ogˈ-rȧ-fẽr). -Poe in all probability refers to -the African geographer, Ptolemy.</p> - -<p><b>nugˈget</b> (nŭgˈĕt), a native lump of precious -metal.</p> - -<p><b>nupˈtials</b> (nŭpˈshălz), marriage.</p> - -<p><b>obˈe-lisk</b> (ŏbˈe᷵-lĭsk), an upright, pointed, -four-sided pillar.</p> - -<p><b>ob-liqueˈly</b> (ŏb-lēkˈlĭ), slantingly.</p> - -<p><b>oˈboe</b> (ōˈboi), a wind instrument.</p> - -<p><b>obˌser-vaˈtion</b> (ŏbˌzẽr-vāˈshŭn), taking -notice; the ascertaining of the altitude -of a heavenly body to find a vessel’s -position at sea.</p> - -<p><b>obˈsta-cle</b> (ŏbˈstȧ-k’l), hindrance.</p> - -<p><b>obˈsti-na-cy</b> (ŏbˈstĭ-nȧ-sĭ), stubbornness.</p> - -<p><b>obˈsti-nate-ly main-tainedˈ</b> (ŏbˈstĭ-nāt-lĭ -mān-tāndˈ), stubbornly kept up.</p> - -<p><b>oc-caˈsion</b> (ŏ-kāˈzhŭn), occurrence, favorable -opportunity.</p> - -<p><b>oˈcean-warˈri-ors</b> (ōˈshŭn-wôrˈyẽrz), mariners.</p> - -<p><b>Ock-la-waˈha</b> (ŏk-lä-wäˈhä), a branch of -the St. Johns river in Florida.</p> - -<p><b>ode</b> (ōd), a short poem suitable to be set -to music or sung.</p> - -<p><b>of-fenˈsive war</b> (ŏf-ĕnˈsĭv), an attack -made by an invading army.</p> - -<p><b>ofˈfice</b> (ŏfˈĭs), service.</p> - -<p><b>offˈing</b> (ŏfˈĭng), that part of the sea -where there is deep water and no need -of a pilot.</p> - -<p><b>of his own caste</b> (kȧst), of his own class -in society.</p> - -<p><b>Og, King of Bashan</b> (ŏg, king of bāˈshăn), -a giant defeated by the Hebrews. -Deuteronomy III.</p> - -<p><b>oˈgling</b> (ōˈglĭng), glancing at, eyeing.</p> - -<p><b>Old Noll</b> (nōl), Oliver Cromwell.</p> - -<p><b>olˈy-koekˌ</b> (ŏlˈĭ-ko͡okˌ), kind of doughnut.</p> - -<p><b>oˈmen</b> (ōˈmĕn), sign, foreboding.</p> - -<p><b>omˈi-nous</b> (ŏmˈĭ-nŭs), foreboding, threatening -evil.</p> - -<p><b>onˈer-ous</b> (ŏnˈẽr-ŭs), burdensome.</p> - -<p><b>oph-thalˈmi-a</b> (ŏf-thălˈmĭ-ȧ), inflammation -of the membrane of the eye.</p> - -<p><b>opˌpor-tuneˈly</b> (ŏpˌŏr-tūnˈlĭ), timely.</p> - -<p><b>op-presˈsion</b> (ŏ-prĕshˈŭn), cruelty.</p> - -<p><b>op-pressˈive</b> (ŏ-prĕsˈĭv), unjustly severe.</p> - -<p><b>opˈu-lence</b> (ŏpˈu᷵-lẽns), wealth.</p> - -<p><b>orb</b> (ôrb), a spherical body, globe.</p> - -<p><b>or-dainedˈ</b> (ŏr-dāndˈ), appointed.</p> - -<p><b>orˈdi-na-ries</b> (ôrˈdĭ-na᷵-rĭz), hotels.</p> - -<p><b>ordˈnance</b> (ôrdˈnăns), cannon, artillery.</p> - -<p><b>orˈgy</b> (ôrˈjĭ), drunken revelry.</p> - -<p><b>Orkˈney</b> (ôrkˈnĭ), a county in Scotland, -including the Orkney Islands.</p> - -<p><b>orˈner-y</b> (ôrˈnẽr-ĭ), dialect for <b>ordinary</b>, -bad-tempered.</p> - -<p><b>orˌni-tholˈo-gy</b> (ôrˌnĭ-thŏlˈō-jĭ), the -study of birds.</p> - -<p><b>ortˈa-gues</b> (ôrtˈȧ-gūz), Spanish coins.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_614" id="Page_614">[614]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>orˈtho-dox</b> (ôrˈthō-dŏks), sound of belief, -approved.</p> - -<p><b>Otˈter-holm</b> (ŏtˈẽr-hōm).</p> - -<p><b>oust</b> (oust), to take away, remove.</p> - -<p><b>outˈlawˈ</b> (outˈlôˈ), one deprived of the -protection of the law.</p> - -<p><b>outˈline</b> (outˈlīn), edge.</p> - -<p><b>out-stayˈing</b> (out-stāˈĭng), staying beyond.</p> - -<p><b>oˈver-haulˈ</b> (ōˈvẽr-hôlˈ), overtake.</p> - -<p><b>owed him a grudge</b>, held it against him -deservedly.</p> - -<p><b>pace</b> (pās), walk over.</p> - -<p><b>pacˈi-fied</b> (păsˈĭ-fīd), quieted, smoothed -over.</p> - -<p><b>padˈdy</b> (pădˈĭ), unhusked rice.</p> - -<p><b>paˈgan</b> (pāˈgăn), one who worships false -gods, a heathen.</p> - -<p><b>page</b> (pāj), a youth undergoing training -for knighthood.</p> - -<p><b>pagˈeant</b> (păjˈĕnt), a spectacle, a stately -or showy parade, often with floats.</p> - -<p><b>pain of a fearful curse</b>, threatening dire -punishment.</p> - -<p><b>paintˈed shell</b>, the ship.</p> - -<p><b>Paisˈley</b> (pāzˈlĭ), a city near Glasgow, -Scotland.</p> - -<p><b>palˈfrey</b> (pălˈfrĭ), saddle horse for a lady.</p> - -<p><b>palˈing</b> (pālˈĭng), fence.</p> - -<p><b>palˈlet</b> (pălˈĕt), a small mean bed, a bed -of straw.</p> - -<p><b>palˈlid</b> (pălˈĭd), pale.</p> - -<p><b>Pallˈ Mallˈ</b> (pĕlˈ mĕlˈ; pălˈ mălˈ), in -London, a street which is the center of -fashionable club life.</p> - -<p><b>palm-tree todˈdy</b> (päm-trē tŏˈdĭ), free or -fermented sap of various East Indian -palms.</p> - -<p><b>Pal-omˈi-des</b> (păl-ŏmˈĭ-dĕz).</p> - -<p><b>palˈsy</b> (pôlˈzĭ), paralysis, lack of energy.</p> - -<p><b>palˈtry</b> (pôlˈtrĭ), trifling, worthless.</p> - -<p><b>pangs</b> (pāngz), keen, intense pain.</p> - -<p><b>panˈic</b> (pănˈĭk), sudden fright.</p> - -<p><b>panˈo-raˈma</b> (pănˈō-räˈmȧ), a complete -view in every direction.</p> - -<p><b>pant</b> (pȧnt), to breathe quickly or in a -labored manner.</p> - -<p><b>pa-radeˈ</b> (pȧ-rādˈ), display.</p> - -<p><b>Parˈa-guay</b> (părˈȧ-gwā), a republic in -South America.</p> - -<p><b>Paˈri-an</b> (päˈre᷵-än), from Paros, a small -island in the Aegean Sea from which a -beautiful white marble was obtained in -ancient times.</p> - -<p><b>parˈley</b> (pärˈlĭ), speech; talk.</p> - -<p><b>Parˈlia-ment</b> (pärˈlĭ-mĕnt), the ruling -body in England.</p> - -<p><b>parˈsi-mo-ny</b> (pärˈsĭ-mō-nĭ), stinginess.</p> - -<p><b>parˈtial-ly</b> (părˈshăl-ĭ), in part.</p> - -<p><b>par-ticˈu-lar-ize</b> (pär-tĭkˈu᷵-lȧr-īz), to -mention particularly or in detail.</p> - -<p><b>particularizing manner</b> (pär-tĭkˈu᷵-lȧr-īzˈ-ĭng), -explaining every detail.</p> - -<p><b>par-ticˈu-lar-ly</b> (pär-tĭkˈu᷵-lȧr-lĭ), expressly, -in an especial manner.</p> - -<p><b>par-ticˈu-lars</b> (pär-tĭkˈu᷵-lȧrz), details.</p> - -<p><b>parˈtridge</b> (pärˈtrĭj), a kind of bird.</p> - -<p><b>pass</b> (pȧs), passage, road.</p> - -<p><b>passˈing</b> (pȧsˈĭng), very.</p> - -<p><b>pasˈsion</b> (păshˈŭn), feeling, deep interest -or zeal.</p> - -<p><b>pasˈsive</b> (păsˈĭv), indifferent, not active.</p> - -<p><b>past musˈter-ing</b> (mŭsˈtẽr-ĭng), too -much exhausted to tell.</p> - -<p><b>patˈent</b> (pȧtˈĕnt), apparent.</p> - -<p><b>pa-terˈnal</b> (pȧ-tûrˈnăl), pertaining to a -father.</p> - -<p><b>paˈthos</b> (pāˈthŏs), pity.</p> - -<p><b>paˈtri-arch</b> (pātrĭ-ärk), veteran, an old -man.</p> - -<p><b>pa-trolˈ</b> (pȧ-trōlˈ), to guard, watch.</p> - -<p><b>paˈtron</b> (pāˈtrŭn), a man of distinction -under whose protection a client placed -himself; one who helps a person, cause, -work, sport, or the like.</p> - -<p><b>pavˈer</b> (pāvˈẽr), one who lays bricks or -stones.</p> - -<p><b>pa-vilˈion</b> (pȧ-vĭlˈyŭn), tent.</p> - -<p><b>Paw-neeˈ</b> (pô-nēˈ), one of an Indian -tribe.</p> - -<p><b>Paw-tuckˈet</b> (pô-tŭkˈĕt).</p> - -<p><b>peag</b> (pēg), shell beads used as money, -etc., by the aborigines and settlers of -the Atlantic coast of North America.</p> - -<p><b>peaˈ-jackˈet</b> (pēˈjăkˈĕt), a thick, loose, -woollen, double-breasted coat.</p> - -<p><b>peal</b> (pēl), a sound, loud summons.</p> - -<p><b>peasˈant</b> (pĕzˈănt), countryman.</p> - -<p><b>peasˈant-ry</b> (pĕzˈănt-rĭ), peasants.</p> - -<p><b>pe-culˈiar</b> (pe᷵-kūlˈyȧr), belonging to or -characteristic of; strange.</p> - -<p><b>pe-culˈiar porˈtion</b> (pe᷵-kūlˈyȧr pôrˈshŭn), -own particular share.</p> - -<p><b>Peckˈsu-ot</b> (pĕkˈso̅o̅-ŏt), an Indian chief.</p> - -<p><b>pe-cuˈni-a-ry</b> (pe᷵-kūˈnĭ-a᷵-rĭ), financial.</p> - -<p><b>pedˈa-gogue</b> (pĕdˈȧ-gŏg), teacher.</p> - -<p><b>pedˈi-gree</b> (pĕdˈĭ-grē), line of ancestors.</p> - -<p><b>peer</b> (pēr), equal; lord.</p> - -<p><b>Pelˈli-nore</b> (pĕlˈĭ-nōr).</p> - -<p><b>pelˈtries</b> (pĕlˈtrĭz), skins.</p> - -<p><b>penˌe-tratˈed</b> (pĕnˌe᷵-trātˈĕd), entered -into.</p> - -<p><b>penˈe-traˌtion</b> (pĕnˈe᷵-trāˌshŭn), sharpness, -discrimination.</p> - -<p><b>penitence was sincere</b> (pĕnˈĭ-tĕns, sĭn-sērˈ), -were really sorry for what they -had done.</p> - -<p><b>penˈi-tent</b> (pĕnˈĭ-tĕnt), sorrowful for offenses.</p> - -<p><b>penˈnon</b> (pĕnˈŭn), flag.</p> - -<p><b>penˈny-royˈal</b> (pĕnˈĭ-roiˈăl), a plant of -the mint family.</p> - -<p><b>Penˈrith</b> (pĕnˈrĭth), an ancient market -town in northwestern England.</p> - -<p><b>penˈsive</b> (pĕnˈsĭv), thoughtful, sad.</p> - -<p><b>pent</b> (pĕnt), shut up or confined.</p> - -<p><b>Penˈte-cost</b> (pĕnˈte᷵-kŏst), a festival of -the Christian church observed annually -in remembrance of the descent of -the Holy Ghost upon the disciples; the -seventh Sunday after Easter.</p> - -<p><b>peˈon</b> (pēˈŏn), a common laborer; a serf -in some countries.</p> - -<p><b>peˈo-ny</b> (pēˈō-nĭ), a large, showy flower, -red, pink, or pure white.</p> - -<p><b>Pequod</b> or <b>Pequot</b> (pēˈkwŏt; pēˈkwōt), an -Algonquian tribe of North American -Indians.</p> - -<p><b>perˈad-venˈture</b> (pĕrˈăd-vĕnˈtu᷵r), perhaps.</p> - -<p><b>per-amˈbu-laˈtion</b> (pĕr-ăm-bu᷵-lāˈshŭn), -walk.</p> - -<p><b>per-cepˈti-ble</b> (pĕr-sĕpˈtĭ-b’l), able to be -seen; noticeable.</p> - -<p><b>perˈemp-tor-y</b> (pĕrˈĕmp-tō-rĭ), final, positive.</p> - -<p><b>per-fidˈi-ous inˌsti-gaˈtion</b> (pẽr-fĭdˈĭ-ŭs -ĭnˌstĭ-gāˈshŭn), treacherous goading.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_615" id="Page_615">[615]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>perˈfi-dy</b> (pûrˈfĭ-dĭ), treachery.</p> - -<p><b>perˈil</b> (pĕrˈĭl), danger.</p> - -<p><b>perˈil-ous task</b>, dangerous undertaking.</p> - -<p><b>perˌpen-dicˈu-lar</b> (pûrˌpĕn-dĭkˈu᷵-lȧr), exactly -upright or vertical.</p> - -<p><b>per-plexˈi-ty</b> (pẽr-plĕksˈĭ-tĭ), complication.</p> - -<p><b>Perˈsant</b> (pĕrˈsȧnt).</p> - -<p><b>perˌse-cuˈtion</b> (pûrˌse᷵-kūˈshŭn), the infliction -of loss, pain, or death for belief, -etc.; pursuing to injure or trouble.</p> - -<p><b>perˌse-vereˈ</b> (pûrˌse᷵-vērˈ), to continue.</p> - -<p><b>per-sistˈed</b> (pẽr-sĭstˈĕd), stood firm.</p> - -<p><b>perˈson-a-ble</b> (pûrˈsŭn-ȧ-b’l), good looking.</p> - -<p><b>per-suaˈsive iron hooks</b> (pẽr-swāˈsĭv), -iron hooks or goads which force.</p> - -<p><b>perˌti-naˈcious</b> (pûrˌtĭ-nāˈshŭs), constant.</p> - -<p><b>pe-ruseˈ</b> (pe᷵-ro̅o̅zˈ), read.</p> - -<p><b>per-vadeˈ</b> (pẽr-vādˈ), spread through.</p> - -<p><b>per-verseˈ</b> (pẽr-vûrsˈ), turned aside or -away from the right; contrary.</p> - -<p><b>pe-tiˈtion</b> (pe᷵-tĭshˈŭn), written request.</p> - -<p><b>petˈty</b> (pĕtˈĭ), small.</p> - -<p><b>pewˈter</b> (pūˈtẽr), dishes made of a combination -of tin and some other metal.</p> - -<p><b>phanˈtom</b> (fănˈtŭm), a ghost, a fancied -vision.</p> - -<p><b>phase</b> (fāz), aspect.</p> - -<p><b>phe-nomˈe-non</b>, pl. <b>phe-nomˈe-na</b> (fe᷵-nŏmˈe᷵-nŏn), -an extraordinary or very -remarkable person, thing, or occurrence.</p> - -<p><b>phi-lanˈthro-pist</b> (fĭl-ănˈthrō-pĭst), one -who loves mankind and seeks to promote -the good of others.</p> - -<p><b>Phi-lisˈtines</b> (fĭ-lĭsˈtĭnz), a people dwelling -southwest of Palestine who were -frequently at war with the Hebrews.</p> - -<p><b>Philˈlips Exˈe-ter A-cadˈe-my</b> (fĭlˈĭps -ĕkˈse᷵-ter ȧ-kădˈe᷵-mĭ), a preparatory -school for boys in Exeter, N. H.</p> - -<p><b>phi-losˈo-phy</b> (fĭ-lŏsˈō-fĭ), practical wisdom.</p> - -<p><b>Phlegˈe-thon</b> (flĕgˈe᷵-thŏn), in Greek -mythology a river of fire in the lower world.</p> - -<p><b>physˈi-cal-ly</b> (fĭzˈĭ-kăl-lĭ), naturally.</p> - -<p><b>physˌi-ogˈno-my</b> (fĭzˌĭ-ŏgˈnō-mĭ), face.</p> - -<p><b>phy-siqueˈ</b> (fĭ-zēkˈ), constitution.</p> - -<p><b>pi-azˈza</b> (pĭ-ăzˈȧ), porch.</p> - -<p><b>piˈbroch</b> (pēˈbrŏk), a Highland air suited -to some particular passion, especially -a martial air played on the bagpipe.</p> - -<p><b>pickˈet</b> (pĭkˈĕt), a pointed stake, or post; -to fasten with stakes.</p> - -<p><b>pier-glass</b> (pēr), a narrow mirror put up -between windows.</p> - -<p><b>piˈe-ty</b> (pīˈe᷵-tĭ), goodness.</p> - -<p><b>pilˈlage</b> (pĭlˈa᷵j), plunder.</p> - -<p><b>pilˈlion</b> (pĭlˈyŭn), a pad or cushion put -on behind a man’s saddle for a woman -to ride on.</p> - -<p><b>piˈlot</b> (pīˈlŭt), a person who directs the -course of a ship along the shore, or -into and out of harbors and rivers.</p> - -<p><b>pin</b> (pĭn), a piece of wood or metal, used -as a fastening or support, a peg.</p> - -<p><b>pine</b>d (pīnd), wasted away, longed.</p> - -<p><b>pinˈion</b> (pĭnˈyŭn), wing.</p> - -<p><b>pinˈnace</b> (pĭnˈa᷵s), a small sailing vessel.</p> - -<p><b>pinˈna-cle</b> (pĭnˈȧ-k’l), highest point.</p> - -<p><b>pˈints</b>, dialect for <b>points</b>.</p> - -<p><b>piˌo-neer</b>ˈ (pīˌō-nērˈ), one who goes before, -as into the wilderness, preparing -the way for others to follow.</p> - -<p><b>pipe the merry old strain</b>, sing the merry -old song.</p> - -<p><b>pipˈer</b> (pīpˈẽr), a very large genus of -plants, to which the tropical pepper -belongs.</p> - -<p><b>piqued</b> (pēkt), prided.</p> - -<p><b>pitches</b> (pĭchˈĕz), points, peaks.</p> - -<p><b>pitch of pride</b>, height of pride, overbearance.</p> - -<p><b>plaˈca-ble</b> (plāˈkȧ-b’l), willing to forgive.</p> - -<p><b>placˈid</b> (plăsˈĭd), quiet.</p> - -<p><b>plaidˈed mountaineers</b> (plădˈĕd mounˈtĭn-ērz), -Highlanders wearing the tartans -or plaids of their clan.</p> - -<p><b>plainˈtive</b> (plānˈtĭv), sorrowful, melancholy.</p> - -<p><b>planˈet-presˈsing ocean</b>, the ocean pressing -upon the planet earth.</p> - -<p><b>plan-taˈtion</b> (plăn-tāˈshŭn), land planted, -an estate, usually large.</p> - -<p><b>plantˈer</b> (plănˈtẽr), one who plants or -sows, one who owns or cultivates a -plantation.</p> - -<p><b>plasˈtic</b> (plăsˈtĭk), pertaining to molding -or modeling.</p> - -<p><b>pla-teauˈ</b> (plȧ-tōˈ), a broad, level, elevated -area of land.</p> - -<p><b>platˈformˌ</b> (plătˈfôrmˌ), plan, basis.</p> - -<p><b>platˈi-num</b> (plătˈĭ-nŭm), a white metal, -more valuable than gold, used for jewelry -and in mechanics.</p> - -<p><b>Platte</b> (plăt), a river in Nebraska.</p> - -<p><b>plausible in perusal</b> (plôˈzĭ-b’l in pe᷵-ro̅o̅zˈăl), sensible to read.</p> - -<p><b>playˈwrightˌ</b> (plāˈrītˌ), a maker of plays, -a dramatist.</p> - -<p><b>pliˌa-bilˈi-ty</b> (plīˌȧ-bĭlˈĭ-tĭ), ready yielding.</p> - -<p><b>plight</b> (plīt), sorry condition.</p> - -<p><b>Po-casˈset Neck</b> (pō-căsˈĕt).</p> - -<p><b>poet lauˈre-ate</b> (lôˈre᷵-a᷵t), a poet appointed -to the office of laureate, the -most honored poet of the land, in England, -the court poet.</p> - -<p><b>poignˈant</b> (poinˈănt), keen, severe.</p> - -<p><b>Poˌka-nokˈet</b> (pōˌkȧ-nŏkˈĕt).</p> - -<p><b>poˈlar bear</b> (pōˈlȧr bâr), a large bear inhabiting -the Arctic regions.</p> - -<p><b>po-litˈi-cal ex-isˈten-ces</b> (pō-lĭtˈĭ-kăl -ĕks-ĭsˈtĕn-sĭz), governmental life.</p> - -<p><b>polˌi-tiˈcian</b> (pŏlˌĭ-tĭshˈăn), a statesman, -one interested in politics.</p> - -<p><b>polˈi-tics</b> (pŏlˈĭ-tĭks), the science and -art of government.</p> - -<p><b>pol-luteˈ</b> (pŏ-lūtˈ), to soil, defile.</p> - -<p><b>pol-luˈtion</b> (pŏ-lūˈshŭn), uncleanness, -impurity.</p> - -<p><b>pome-granˈate</b> (pŏm-grănˈa᷵t), a fruit like -an orange in size and color.</p> - -<p><b>pomˈmel</b> (pŭmˈĕl), the knob at the front -of a saddle.</p> - -<p><b>pomp</b> (pŏmp), brilliant display.</p> - -<p><b>ponˈder-ous</b> (pŏnˈdẽr-ŭs), heavy, -weighty.</p> - -<p><b>popˈish</b> (pōpˈĭsh), pertaining to the Pope.</p> - -<p><b>Popˈlar</b> (pŏpˈlär), a district in the east -end of London, where there are many -docks; among others, that of the famous -East India Company.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_616" id="Page_616">[616]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>popˈpy</b> (pŏpˈĭ), a flower, usually red, the -symbol of sleep.</p> - -<p><b>popˈu-lar o-pinˈion</b> (pŏpˈu᷵-lȧr ō-pĭnˈyŭn), -belief of the public in general.</p> - -<p><b>popˈu-lous</b> (pŏpˈu᷵-lŭs), containing many -inhabitants.</p> - -<p><b>porˈtal</b> (pōrˈtăl), entrance.</p> - -<p><b>por-tendˈ</b> (pŏr-tĕndˈ), foretell.</p> - -<p><b>por-tenˈtous</b> (pŏr-tĕnˈtŭs), foreshadowing.</p> - -<p><b>porˈter</b> (pōrˈtẽr), gate keeper.</p> - -<p><b>porˈti-co</b> (pōrˈtĭ-kō), a colonnade, a covered -space before a building.</p> - -<p><b>pos-sesˈsion</b> (pŏ-zĕshˈŭn), ownership.</p> - -<p><b>pos-terˈi-ty</b> (pŏs-tẽrˈĭ-tĭ), descendants.</p> - -<p><b>posˈtern-gate</b> (pōsˈtẽrn-gāt), rear gate.</p> - -<p><b>posˈture</b> (pŏsˈtu᷵r), attitude, position.</p> - -<p><b>poˈtent</b> (pōˈtĕnt), strong, powerful.</p> - -<p><b>poˈten-tate</b> (pōˈtĕn-tāt), ruler.</p> - -<p><b>powˈwowˈ</b> (pouˈwouˈ), medicine man.</p> - -<p><b>pracˈticed</b> (prăkˈtĭst), skillful.</p> - -<p><b>prayed him for sucˈcor</b> (sŭkˈẽr), begged -him for aid.</p> - -<p><b>pre-caˈri-ous</b> (pre᷵-kāˈrī-ŭs), not to be -depended on, dangerous.</p> - -<p><b>pre-cauˈtion</b> (pre᷵-kôˈshŭn), previous -care.</p> - -<p><b>preˈcept</b> (prēˈsĕpt), order.</p> - -<p><b>pre-cepˈtor</b> (pre᷵-sĕpˈtẽr), ruler, master.</p> - -<p><b>precˈious</b> (prĕshˈŭs), valuable.</p> - -<p><b>pre-cipˈi-tate</b> (pre᷵-sĭpˈĭ-tāt), throw headlong, -rush; fall suddenly.</p> - -<p><b>pre-cipˈi-tous</b> (pre᷵-sĭpˈĭ-tŭs), steep.</p> - -<p><b>pre-cipˈi-tous de-scentsˈ</b> (pre᷵-sĭpˈĭ-tŭs -de᷵-sĕnts), waterfalls.</p> - -<p><b>pre-ciseˈ</b> (pre᷵-sīsˈ), minutely exact.</p> - -<p><b>preˌcon-ceivedˈ</b> (prēˌkŏn-sēv’dˈ), formed -in the mind beforehand.</p> - -<p><b>pre-domˈi-nate</b> (pre᷵-dŏmˈĭ-nāt), to rule.</p> - -<p><b>preface</b> (prĕfˈās), introduction.</p> - -<p><b>prejˈu-diced</b> (prĕjˈo͡o-dĭst), biased.</p> - -<p><b>prelˈa-cy</b> (prĕlˈȧ-sĭ), a body of church -dignitaries.</p> - -<p><b>prelˈate</b> (prĕlˈa᷵t), a church dignitary.</p> - -<p><b>preˌma-tureˈly</b> (prēˌmȧ-tūrˈ-lĭ), untimely.</p> - -<p><b>preˈmi-um</b> (prēˈmĭ-ŭm), reward.</p> - -<p><b>preˌmo-niˈtion</b> (prēˌmō-nĭshˈŭn), forewarning.</p> - -<p><b>pre-posˈter-ous</b> (pre᷵-pŏsˈtẽr-ŭs), ridiculous, -unheard of.</p> - -<p><b>presˈage</b> (prēˈsa᷵j), sign, token.</p> - -<p><b>pre-senˈti-ment</b> (prē-sĕnˈtĭ-mĕnt), a -feeling of something about to happen.</p> - -<p><b>presˈer-vaˈtion</b> (pre᷵-zûr-vāˈshŭn), being -saved from destruction.</p> - -<p><b>press</b> (prĕs), throng.</p> - -<p><b>pre-sumedˈ upon in-dulˈgence</b> (prē-zumedˈ -upon ĭn-dūlˈjĕns), took advantage -of the tolerance of the Indians.</p> - -<p><b>pre-sumˈing</b> (pre᷵-zūmˈĭng), undertaking -without authority, daring, venturing.</p> - -<p><b>pre-sumpˈtu-ous</b> (pre᷵-zŭmpˈtu᷵-ŭs), rash, -arrogant.</p> - -<p><b>pre-tendˈer</b> (pre᷵-tĕndˈẽr), false claimant.</p> - -<p><b>pre-tenˈtion</b> (pre᷵-tĕnˈshŭn), claim.</p> - -<p><b>preˌter-natˈu-ral</b> (prĕtˌẽr-nătˈu᷵-răl), beyond -what is natural, abnormal.</p> - -<p><b>pre-vail</b> (pre᷵-vālˈ), persuade, overcome.</p> - -<p><b>pre-vailˈing</b> (pre᷵-vālˈĭng), most common, -predominant.</p> - -<p><b>prevˈa-lence</b> (prĕvˈȧ-lĕns), general existence.</p> - -<p><b>prey</b> (prā), any animal that may be -seized by another to be devoured.</p> - -<p><b>prickˈing</b> (prĭkˈĭng), stinging.</p> - -<p><b>prickˈly-pear</b> (prĭkˈlĭ-pâr), a flat-jointed, -sharp-pointed cactus having pear-shaped -fruit.</p> - -<p><b>priˈma-cy</b> (prīˈmȧ-sĭ), first rank.</p> - -<p><b>pri-meˈval</b> (prī-mēˈvăl), first, original.</p> - -<p><b>primˈi-tive</b> (prĭmˈĭ-tĭv), first, original.</p> - -<p><b>prince of bragˈgarts</b> (prĭns of brăgˈȧrts), -chief of boasters.</p> - -<p><b>Prince of Orange</b>, William III of England.</p> - -<p><b>Princeton University</b> (prĭnsˈtŏn ū-nĭ-vẽrˈsĭ-tĭ), -at Princeton, New Jersey.</p> - -<p><b>pri-va-cy</b> (prīˈvȧ-sĭ), seclusion.</p> - -<p><b>procˈla-maˌtion</b> (prŏkˈlȧ-māˌshŭn), notice.</p> - -<p><b>prodˈi-gal</b> (prŏdˈĭ-găl), spendthrift.</p> - -<p><b>pro-diˈgious</b> (prō-dĭjˈŭs), extraordinary -in degree, huge.</p> - -<p><b>pro-diˈgious apˈpa-riˌtion</b> (prō-dĭjˈŭs ăpˈ-ȧ-rĭshˌŭn), -marvelous appearance.</p> - -<p><b>prodˈuce</b> (prŏdˈūs), yield, result.</p> - -<p><b>pro-fanedˈ</b> (prō-fāndˈ), abused, debased.</p> - -<p><b>pro-fesˈsion</b> (prō-fĕshˈŭn), acknowledgment, -claim, promise.</p> - -<p><b>pro-fesˈsion-al</b> (prō-fĕshˈŭn-ăl), regular, -expert.</p> - -<p><b>profˈfer</b> (prŏfˈẽr), offer.</p> - -<p><b>projˈect</b> (prŏjˈĕkt), plan.</p> - -<p><b>promˈon-to-ry</b> (prŏmˈŭn-tō-rĭ), high -point of land projecting into the sea.</p> - -<p><b>prone</b> (prōn), disposed, inclined.</p> - -<p><b>proneˈness to sus-piˈcion</b> (prōnˈnĕs to -sŭs-pĭshˈŭn), inclination to distrust.</p> - -<p><b>pro-penˈsi-ty</b> (prō-pĕnˈsĭ-tĭ), inclination, -habit.</p> - -<p><b>prophˈe-cy</b> (prŏfˈe᷵-sĭ), a foretelling.</p> - -<p><b>prophˈet</b> (prŏfˈĕt), one who foretells.</p> - -<p><b>pro-porˈtion-ate</b> (prō-pōrˈshŭn-āt), at the -same rate.</p> - -<p><b>pro-porˈtioned</b> (prō-pōrˈshŭnd), corresponding, -suited.</p> - -<p><b>pro-priˈe-ty</b> (prō-prīˈe᷵-tĭ), fitness.</p> - -<p><b>prosˈpect</b> (prŏsˈpĕkt), outlook, position, -hope.</p> - -<p><b>prosˈper-ous gales</b>, favorable-winds.</p> - -<p><b>pro temˈpo-re</b> (prō tĕmˈpō-rē), for the -time being, temporarily.</p> - -<p><b>pro-testˈing</b> (prō-tĕstˈĭng), declaring, -proclaiming.</p> - -<p><b>Provˈi-dence</b> (prŏvˈĭ-dĕns), God.</p> - -<p><b>provˈi-denˌtial-ly</b> (prŏvˈĭ-dĕnˌshăl-lĭ), -guided by Providence; with foresight.</p> - -<p><b>pro-vinˈcial</b> (prō-vĭnˈshăl), narrow, not -liberal.</p> - -<p><b>provˈo-caˈtion</b> (prŏvˈō-kāˈshŭn), cause of -resentment.</p> - -<p><b>prowˈess</b> (prouˈĕs), skill.</p> - -<p><b>pruˈdence</b> (pro̅o̅ˈdĕns), judgment.</p> - -<p><b>pruˈdence dicˈtates</b> (pro̅o̅ˈdĕns dĭkˈtāts), -reason advises.</p> - -<p><b>pruˈdent</b> (pro̅o̅ˈdĕnt), wise, careful.</p> - -<p><b>psalmˈo-dy</b> (sämˈō-dĭ), art of singing -psalms.</p> - -<p><b>pubˈlic measˈures</b> (pŭbˈlĭk mĕzhˈu᷵rz), action -taken by the colonists together.</p> - -<p><b>puˈis-sant</b> (pūˈĭ-sănt), powerful.</p> - -<p><b>pull up</b>, stop.</p> - -<p><b>pul-saˈtion</b> (pŭl-sāˈshŭn), a beating or -throbbing.</p> - -<p><b>pumpˈkin</b> (pŭmpˈkĭn).</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_617" id="Page_617">[617]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>puncˈtu-al-ly</b> (pŭnkˈtu᷵ˈăl-ĭ), exactly, precisely.</p> - -<p><b>pur-blindˈ prank</b> (pŭr-blīndˈ), careless -act.</p> - -<p><b>purˈport</b> (pûrˈpōrt), meaning.</p> - -<p><b>put his person in adventure</b>, endangered -himself.</p> - -<p><b>quaffed</b> (kwȧft), drank.</p> - -<p><b>quagˈmires</b> (kwăgˈmīrz), soft, wet lands -which yield under the feet.</p> - -<p><b>quail</b> (kwāl), to give way, tremble.</p> - -<p><b>Quakˈer</b> (kwākˈẽr), one of a religious -sect; gray-clothed.</p> - -<p><b>qualˈi-ties</b> (kwŏlˈĭ-tĭz), distinguishing -features or traits.</p> - -<p><b>quarˈry</b> (qwŏrˈrĭ), a place where marble -is dug from the earth; the object of -the chase or hunt.</p> - -<p><b>quarˈter</b> (kwôrˈtẽr), after part of a ship’s -side; mercy.</p> - -<p><b>quarˈter-ing to me</b> (kwôrˈtẽr-ĭng), ranging -to and fro towards me.</p> - -<p><b>quaˈver</b> (kwāˈvẽr), certain musical -shakes or trills.</p> - -<p><b>Queen of Sheˈba</b> (shēˈbȧ), a famous -queen of old. I Kings X, 1-13.</p> - -<p><b>quench</b> (kwĕnch), check, destroy.</p> - -<p><b>querˈu-lous</b> (kwĕrˈo͡ob-lŭs), complaining.</p> - -<p><b>queued</b> (kūd), plaited into pigtails.</p> - -<p><b>quinˈtal</b> (kwĭnˈtăl), a hundred weight.</p> - -<p><b>quivˈer</b> (kwĭvˈẽr), a case for arrows.</p> - -<p><b>Rachˈrin</b> (răkˈrĭn).</p> - -<p><b>rack</b> (răk), wreck.</p> - -<p><b>radˈi-cal</b> (rădˈĭ-kăl), extreme.</p> - -<p><b>rakˈing</b> (rākˈĭng), firing upon the length -of.</p> - -<p><b>ralˈlied</b> (rălˈĭd), joked; assembled.</p> - -<p><b>ralˈly-ing point</b> (rălˈĭ-ĭng), place where -his forces were collected.</p> - -<p><b>Ram-bodˈde</b> (räm-bōˈdȧ).</p> - -<p><b>rampˈant</b> (rămˈpănt), excited; rearing -upon the hind legs, with fore legs extended.</p> - -<p><b>ramˈpart</b> (rămˈpärt), protecting wall.</p> - -<p><b>ranˈdom</b> (rănˈdŭm), chance, aimless.</p> - -<p><b>range</b> (rānj), the region where an animal -naturally lives.</p> - -<p><b>rank</b> (rănk), grown coarse.</p> - -<p><b>rantˈi-pole</b> (rănˈtĭ-pōl), wild young person.</p> - -<p><b>rapˈture</b> (răp-tu᷵r), joyousness.</p> - -<p><b>ratˈi-fied</b> (rătˈĭ-fīd), confirmed.</p> - -<p><b>rat-tarriers</b>, incorrect for <b>rat-terˈri-er</b> -(răt-tĕrˈĭ-ẽr), a breed of dogs, useful -in catching rats.</p> - -<p><b>rave</b> (rāv), to move wildly or furiously.</p> - -<p><b>ravˈen-ous</b> (răvˈ’n-ŭs), greedy.</p> - -<p><b>ra-vineˈ</b> (rȧ-vēnˈ), a large gully.</p> - -<p><b>ravˈish-ment</b> (răvˈĭsh-mĕnt), rapture.</p> - -<p><b>rawˈboned pro-porˈtions</b> (rôˈbōndˈ prō-pōrˈshŭns), -gaunt, or having little -flesh upon its form.</p> - -<p><b>rawˈhide</b> (rôˈhīd), untanned cattle skin.</p> - -<p><b>razed</b> (rāzd), ruined, demolished.</p> - -<p><b>reˌad-justˈment</b> (rēˌă-jŭstˈmĕnt), rearrangement, -new settlement.</p> - -<p><b>reaped the fruits</b>, received the reward.</p> - -<p><b>reaˈsoned upon the sitˌu-aˈtion</b> (rēˈz’nd -upon the sĭtˌū-āˈshŭn), thought about -the matter.</p> - -<p><b>Re-becˈca and Iˈsaac.</b> Genesis XXIV.</p> - -<p><b>re-bukeˈ</b> (re᷵-būkˈ), scold, reprove; forbid.</p> - -<p><b>re-cepˈta-cle</b> (re᷵-sĕpˈtȧ-k’l), that which -holds anything.</p> - -<p><b>re-cessˈ</b> (re᷵-sĕsˈ), a short intermission; -a place of retreat.</p> - -<p><b>reckˈon-ing</b> (rĕkˈ’n-ĭng), the calculation -of the ship’s position.</p> - -<p><b>re-coiledˈ</b> (re᷵-koildˈ), drew back.</p> - -<p><b>recˌom-mendˈ</b> (rĕkˌŏ-mĕndˈ), advise; -send greetings to.</p> - -<p><b>recˈom-pense</b> (rĕkˈŏm-pĕns), payment.</p> - -<p><b>recˈon-ciled</b> (rĕkˈŏn-sīld), made friendly -again.</p> - -<p><b>recˌon-cilˌi-aˈtion</b> (rĕkˌŏn-sĭlˌĭ-āˈshŭn), -a returning to friendship, reunion.</p> - -<p><b>re-covˈered</b> (re᷵-kŭvˈẽrd), regained.</p> - -<p><b>recˈre-ant</b> (rĕkˈre᷵-ănt), acknowledging -defeat.</p> - -<p><b>red</b> (rĕd), slang for <b>cent</b>.</p> - -<p><b>re-deemedˈ</b> (re᷵-dēmdˈ), fulfilled.</p> - -<p><b>re-doubtˈa-ble</b> (re᷵-doutˈȧ-b’l), dread; -formidable.</p> - -<p><b>red tribes</b>, Indians or red men.</p> - -<p><b>reed</b> (rēd), an ancient Jewish measure of -six cubits, or about nine feet.</p> - -<p><b>re-flecˈtion</b> (re᷵-flĕkˈshŭn), opinion, -thought.</p> - -<p><b>reˈflux</b> (rēˈflŭks), flowing back, ebb.</p> - -<p><b>re-frainˈ</b> (re᷵-frānˈ), to hold back, keep.</p> - -<p><b>refˈuge</b> (rĕfˈūj), shelter.</p> - -<p><b>refˌu-geeˈ</b> (rĕfˌu᷵-jēˈ), one who flees to a -place of safety.</p> - -<p><b>refˈuse</b> (rĕfˈūs), waste matter.</p> - -<p><b>refused to execute</b>, would not carry out.</p> - -<p><b>reˈgal</b> (rēˈgăl), royal.</p> - -<p><b>regˈu-late</b> (rĕgˈu᷵-lāt), to control.</p> - -<p><b>relˈa-tive</b> (rĕlˈȧ-tĭv), in reference to -something else.</p> - -<p><b>re-laxˈ</b> (re᷵-lăksˈ), loosen; calm down.</p> - -<p><b>re-leaseˈ</b> (re᷵-lēsˈ), set free; freedom.</p> - -<p><b>relˈic</b> (rĕlˈĭk), memorial, fragment.</p> - -<p><b>re-linˈquished</b> (re᷵-lĭnˈkwĭsht), gave up.</p> - -<p><b>re-lucˈtant</b> (re᷵-lŭkˈtănt), unwilling.</p> - -<p><b>re-lyˈ on cover</b> (re᷵-līˈ), depend upon -some means of hiding.</p> - -<p><b>remˌi-nisˈcence</b> (rĕmˌĭ-nĭsˈĕns), recollection.</p> - -<p><b>re-monˈstrance</b> (re᷵-mŏnˈstrăns), protest.</p> - -<p><b>renˈdered me account</b> (rĕnˈdẽrd), given -a reason.</p> - -<p><b>renˈe-gade</b> (rĕnˈe᷵-gād), traitorous.</p> - -<p><b>Renˈfrew-shire</b> (rĕnˈfro̅o̅-shẽr), a county.</p> - -<p><b>re-nouncedˈ</b> (re᷵-nounstˈ), gave up.</p> - -<p><b>re-nownedˈ</b> (re᷵-noundˈ), famous.</p> - -<p><b>re-pealˈ</b> (re᷵-pēlˈ), release.</p> - -<p><b>re-portˈed him-self</b> (re᷵-pōrtˈĕd), presented -himself.</p> - -<p><b>repˈtile</b> (rĕpˈtĭl), an animal that creeps -on its stomach.</p> - -<p><b>re-puteˈ</b> (re᷵-pūtˈ), character.</p> - -<p><b>reˈqui-em</b> (rĕkˈwĭ-ĕm), funeral mass or -hymn.</p> - -<p><b>re-quireˈ</b> (re᷵-kwīrˈ), demand.</p> - -<p><b>re-searchˈ</b> (re᷵-sûrchˈ), inquiry, examination.</p> - -<p><b>re-serveˈ</b> (re᷵-zûrvˈ), backwardness.</p> - -<p><b>re-signedˈ</b> (re᷵-zīndˈ), not disposed to resist; -abandoned.</p> - -<p><b>re-sistˈance</b> (re᷵-zĭsˈtăns), opposition.</p> - -<p><b>resˈo-lute</b> (rĕzˈō-lūt), determined, brave.</p> - -<p><b>re-soundˈed</b> (re᷵-zoundˈĕd), rang, echoed.</p> - -<p><b>re-sourceˈ</b> (re᷵-sōrsˈ), capability of meeting -a situation; support.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_618" id="Page_618">[618]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>re-spectˈful-ly</b> (re᷵-spĕktˈfo͡ol-lĭ), civilly, -courteously.</p> - -<p><b>re-specˈtive-ly</b> (re᷵-spĕkˈtĭv-lĭ), relatively, -as relating to each.</p> - -<p><b>re-splendˈent</b> (re᷵-splĕnˈdĕnt), brilliant, -shining.</p> - -<p><b>re-sponˌsi-bilˈi-ty</b> (re᷵-spŏnˌsĭ-bĭlˈĭ-tĭ), -state of being accountable.</p> - -<p><b>rest</b> (rĕst), a projection from, or attachment -on, the side of the breastplate to -support the butt of the lance.</p> - -<p><b>resˌto-raˈtion</b> (rĕsˌtō-rāˈshŭn), reparation, -giving back.</p> - -<p><b>re-straintˈ</b> (re᷵-strāntˈ), check, curb.</p> - -<p><b>resˌur-rectˈed</b> Italy (rĕzˌŭ-rĕktˈĕd), reborn -Italy, Italy with a new life.</p> - -<p><b>re-tractˈ</b> (re᷵-trăktˈ), to withdraw.</p> - -<p><b>retˌri-buˈtion</b> (rĕtˌrĭ-būˈshŭn), punishment.</p> - -<p><b>re-trieveˈ</b> (re᷵-trēvˈ), regain, to bring -back.</p> - -<p><b>revˈe-nue</b> (rĕvˈe᷵-nu᷵), rent, income.</p> - -<p><b>re-verˌber-aˈtion</b> (re᷵-vûrˌbẽr-āˈshŭn), -reëchoing sound.</p> - -<p><b>revˈer-ie</b> (rĕvˈẽr-ĭ), state of deep thought.</p> - -<p><b>re-verseˈ</b> (re᷵-vûrsˈ), opposite.</p> - -<p><b>re-vertˈed</b> (re᷵-vûrˈtĕd), returned.</p> - -<p><b>re-viledˈ</b> (re᷵-vīldˈ), abused, upbraided.</p> - -<p><b>re-vivˈing</b> (re᷵-vīvˈĭng), returning to life.</p> - -<p><b>re-voltˈ</b> (re᷵-vōltˈ), rebel.</p> - -<p><b>re-volvedˈ</b> (re᷵-vŏlvdˈ), thought over.</p> - -<p><b>re-vulˈsion</b> (re᷵-vŭlˈshŭn), strong reaction, -change.</p> - -<p><b>rheuˈma-tism</b> (ro̅o̅ˈmȧ-tĭz’m), a disease -which attacks the muscles, joints, etc.</p> - -<p><b>rhythˈmic</b> (rĭthˈmĭk), movement in musical -time.</p> - -<p><b>ribˈbing the ho-riˈzon</b> (rĭbˈĭng the hō-rīˈzŭn), -streaking the horizon with -bars.</p> - -<p><b>ridge</b> (rĭj), a range of mountains or hills.</p> - -<p><b>riˈfled</b> (rīˈfl’d), robbed.</p> - -<p><b>rift</b> (rĭft), an opening.</p> - -<p><b>rigˈgers</b> (rĭgˈẽrz), workmen who fit the -rigging of ships.</p> - -<p><b>rightˈful in-habˈi-tants</b>, real owners.</p> - -<p><b>rigˈid</b> (rĭjˈĭd), strict, severe.</p> - -<p><b>ringˈbolt</b> (rĭngˈbōlt), a bolt with an -opening through which a ring is -passed.</p> - -<p><b>ringˈdove</b> (rĭngˈdŭv), a small pigeon.</p> - -<p><b>Riˈo</b> (rēˈō), for Rio Janeiro (rēˈō zhä-nāˈrō).</p> - -<p><b>rites</b> (rīts), ceremonies.</p> - -<p><b>rites of primˈi-tive hosˌpi-talˈi-ty</b> (rīts -of prĭmˈĭ-tĭv hŏsˌpĭ-tălˈĭ-tĭ), ceremonies -according to old time customs, such -as smoking the peace-pipe.</p> - -<p><b>rivers stemming</b>, damming up the rivers.</p> - -<p><b>rivˈet</b> (rĭvˈĕt), to fasten firmly.</p> - -<p><b>roach-back</b> (rōch), a bear having an -arched back.</p> - -<p><b>ro-busˈtious</b> (rō-bŭsˈchŭs), large.</p> - -<p><b>roll</b> (rōl), prolonged sound produced by -rapid beating.</p> - -<p><b>rolˈlers</b> (rōlˈlẽrz), long, heavy waves.</p> - -<p><b>roll the deep melodious drum</b> (me᷵-lōˈdĭ-ŭs), -beat the deep-voiced, musical -drum.</p> - -<p><b>ro-manceˈ</b> (rō-mănsˈ), story.</p> - -<p><b>Roosevelt, Theodore</b> (rōˈzĕ-vĕlt, almost -rōzˈvĕlt, thēˈō-dōr), twenty-sixth president -of the United States.</p> - -<p><b>Rosˈa-lind</b> (rŏzˈȧ-lĭnd).</p> - -<p><b>rounˈde-lay</b> (rounˈde᷵-lā), a style of poem -or song in which a word or phrase constantly -recurs, a round.</p> - -<p><b>route</b> (ro̅o̅t), course or way.</p> - -<p><b>rowˈel</b> (rouˈĕl), the sharp part of a spur.</p> - -<p><b>Rowˈland de Boys</b> (rōˈlănd dē boiz).</p> - -<p><b>Royˈal Ex-changeˈ</b> (roiˈăl ĕks-chānjˈ), a -place in London where merchants, -brokers, and bankers, or other business -men meet to do business.</p> - -<p><b>roystˈer-ing</b> (roīsˈtẽr-ĭng), swaggering.</p> - -<p><b>rudˈder</b> (rŭdˈẽr), steering gear, a flat -piece of wood or metal attached to a -boat to be used in steering.</p> - -<p><b>rueˈing</b> (ro̅o̅ˈĭng), sorrowing.</p> - -<p><b>rufˈfi-an-like</b> (rŭfˈĭ-ăn-līk), like a cruel, -brutal fellow.</p> - -<p><b>rum</b> (rŭm), an intoxicating liquor.</p> - -<p><b>ruˈmi-nate</b> (ro̅o̅ˈmĭ-nāt), muse.</p> - -<p><b>run a buffalo</b>, to pursue a buffalo until -it is exhausted.</p> - -<p><b>ruse</b> (ro̅o̅z), trick.</p> - -<p><b>rusˈtic</b> (rŭsˈtĭk), an inhabitant of the -country naturally simple in character -or manners.</p> - -<p><b>Ruth and Boaz</b> (ro̅o̅th, bōˈăz), Ruth IV.</p> - -<p><b>saˈber</b> (sāˈbẽr), a curved sword.</p> - -<p><b>saˈchem</b> (sāˈchĕm), chief.</p> - -<p><b>sacked</b> (săkt), plundered after capturing.</p> - -<p><b>sacˈri-lege</b> (săkˈrĭ-lĕj), the sin or crime -of violating sacred things.</p> - -<p><b>sadˈdle-bagsˌ</b> (sădˈ’l-băgzˌ), large bags, -generally of leather, used by horsemen -to carry small articles. One hangs on -each side of the saddle.</p> - -<p><b>sadˈdling</b> (sădˈlĭng), burdening.</p> - -<p><b>Sa-fereˈ</b> (să-fērˈ).</p> - -<p><b>saˈga</b> (säˈgȧ), a Scandinavian legend.</p> - -<p><b>sa-gaˈcious</b> (să-gāˈshŭs), wise, intelligent.</p> - -<p><b>sagˈa-more</b> (săgˈȧ-mōr), an Indian chief -next lower in rank to sachem.</p> - -<p><b>sage</b> (sāj), a wise man.</p> - -<p><b>sage-bush</b> (sāj-bo͡osh), a plant.</p> - -<p><b>Saint Anˈdrew</b>, patron saint of Scotland.</p> - -<p><b>Saint George</b>, patron saint of England.</p> - -<p><b>Saint Gregˈo-ry</b> (grĕgˈŏ-rĭ), a member of -an illustrious Roman family, who became -a monk and later was elected -pope (540-604).</p> - -<p><b>Saint Viˈtus</b> (vīˈtŭs), a martyr of Rome.</p> - -<p><b>sa-laamˈ</b> (sȧ-lȧmˈ), salutation performed -by bowing very low and placing the -right palm on the forehead.</p> - -<p><b>salˈa-ble</b> (sālˈȧ-b’l), capable of being -sold.</p> - -<p><b>salˈlied</b> (sălˈĭd), rushed out.</p> - -<p><b>salˈlows</b> (sălˈōz), willows.</p> - -<p><b>salmˈon</b> (sămˈŭn), a kind of large fish.</p> - -<p><b>sal-vaˈtion</b> (săl-vāˈshŭn), deliverance -from destruction.</p> - -<p><b>saˈmite</b> (sāˈmīt), a kind of heavy silk -cloth, usually interwoven with gold.</p> - -<p><b>Samˈo-set</b> (sămˈō-sĕt), an Indian chief.</p> - -<p><b>sancˈti-ty</b> (sănkˈtĭ-tĭ), holiness.</p> - -<p><b>Sand-fleˈsen</b> (sănd-flāˈsĕn).</p> - -<p><b>sandˈpipˈer</b> (săndˈpīpˈẽr), a small bird -frequenting sandy and muddy shores.</p> - -<p><b>sanˈgui-na-ry</b> (sănˈgwĭ-na᷵-rĭ), blood-thirsty, -murderous.</p> - -<p><b>sanˌi-taˈri-um</b> (sănˌĭ-tāˈrĭ-ŭm), health -station or retreat.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_619" id="Page_619">[619]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>Santee</b> (săn-tēˈ), a river in South Carolina.</p> - -<p><b>sapˈphire</b> (săfˈīr), a blue transparent -stone, prized as a gem.</p> - -<p><b>Sarˈa-cens</b> (sărˈȧ-sĕnz), the Mohammedans -who held the Holy Land.</p> - -<p><b>satˈu-ratˌed</b> (sătˈū-rātˌĕd), soaked.</p> - -<p><b>Sauger Point</b> (sä-gōrˈ), at the mouth of -the Ganges River.</p> - -<p><b>sauˈri-an</b> (sôˈrĭ-ăn), a reptile.</p> - -<p><b>savˈage ca-resˈses</b> (săvˈa᷵j kȧ-rĕsˈĕz), -rude acts of affection.</p> - -<p><b>saw</b>, talking, preaching.</p> - -<p><b>Saxˈon</b> (săkˈsŭn), English.</p> - -<p><b>scabˈbard</b> (skăbˈȧrd), a sheath, a cover -for a sword when not in use.</p> - -<p><b>scafˈfold</b> (skăfˈōld), a platform upon -which a criminal is executed.</p> - -<p><b>scalˈpel</b> (skălˈpĕl), a small knife with a -thin blade, used by surgeons.</p> - -<p><b>scan</b> (skăn), examine with care.</p> - -<p><b>scepˈter</b> (sĕpˈtẽr), a staff borne by a -sovereign as an emblem of authority.</p> - -<p><b>schoonˈer</b> (sko̅o̅nˈẽr), a two-masted vessel.</p> - -<p><b>schoonˈer-rigged smack</b> (sko̅o̅nˈẽr rĭgd -smăk), a two-masted fishing vessel.</p> - -<p><b>sciˈence</b> (sīˈĕns), knowledge.</p> - -<p><b>sciˈen-tist</b> (sīˈĕn-tĭst), one who has wide -knowledge of principles and facts.</p> - -<p><b>scoff</b> (skŏf), scorn.</p> - -<p><b>score</b> (skōr), twenty.</p> - -<p><b>scot-free</b> (skŏt-frē), entirely free, without -punishment.</p> - -<p><b>scourge</b> (skûrj), to strike.</p> - -<p><b>scourˈing</b> (skourˈĭng), passing over -quickly.</p> - -<p><b>scribe</b> (skrīb), writer.</p> - -<p><b>Scripˈtures</b> (skrĭpˈtu᷵rz), the Bible.</p> - -<p><b>scruˈples</b> (skro̅o̅ˈp’lz), delicate feelings, -hesitation.</p> - -<p><b>scruˈpu-lous-ly</b> (skro̅o̅ˈpu᷵-lŭs-lĭ), carefully, -conscientiously.</p> - -<p><b>scruˈti-nized</b> (skro̅o̅ˈtĭ-nĭzd), examined.</p> - -<p><b>scruˈti-ny</b> (skro̅o̅ˈtĭ-nĭ), close examination.</p> - -<p><b>scudˈ</b> (skŭdˈ), move swiftly.</p> - -<p><b>sculpˈture</b> (skŭlpˈtu᷵r), carve.</p> - -<p><b>scutˈtling</b> (skŭtˈlĭng), running swiftly.</p> - -<p><b>seal and hand</b>, order, king’s own pledge.</p> - -<p><b>seaˈmew</b> (sēˈmū), sea-gull.</p> - -<p><b>se-cesˈsion</b> (se᷵-sĕshˈŭn), withdrawal of -the eleven states from the Union in -1860.</p> - -<p><b>se-cluˈsion</b> (se᷵-klo̅o̅ˈshŭn), solitude.</p> - -<p><b>se-dateˈ</b> (se᷵-dātˈ), quiet.</p> - -<p><b>sedˈen-ta-ry</b> (sĕdˈĕn-ta᷵-rĭ), characterized -by much sitting.</p> - -<p><b>seer</b> (sēr; sēˈẽr), a prophet.</p> - -<p><b>segˈment</b> (sĕgˈmĕnt), a part cut off.</p> - -<p><b>self-conˈfi-dence</b> (sĕlf-kŏnˈfĭ-dĕns), self-reliance.</p> - -<p><b>self-evˈi-dent</b> (sĕlf-ĕvˈĭ-dĕnt), plain or -clear without proof.</p> - -<p><b>self-pos-sesˈion</b>, presence of mind.</p> - -<p><b>self-stayed</b> (sĕlf-stād), self-reliant, trusting -to one’s own power.</p> - -<p><b>semˈblance</b> (sĕmˈblăns), likeness.</p> - -<p><b>sen-saˈtions</b> (sĕn-sāˈshŭnz), feelings.</p> - -<p><b>senˈsi-ble</b> (sĕnˈsĭ-b’l), aware, having -sense or reason.</p> - -<p><b>senˈtence</b> (sĕnˈtĕns), punishment.</p> - -<p><b>senˈti-ment</b> (sĕnˈtĭ-mĕnt), feeling, opinion.</p> - -<p><b>senˈtries</b> (sĕnˈtrĭz), guards.</p> - -<p><b>seˈpoy</b> (sēˈpoi), a native of India, employed -as a soldier in the service of a -European power.</p> - -<p><b>sepˈul-cher</b> (sĕpˈŭl-kẽr), grave, tomb.</p> - -<p><b>seˈquence</b> (sēˈkwĕns), arrangement by -regular succession or degrees.</p> - -<p><b>se-quesˈtered</b> (se᷵-kwĕsˈtẽrd), secluded.</p> - -<p><b>serˈried</b> (sĕrˈĭd), crowded, one after another, -in rapid succession.</p> - -<p><b>serˈvile</b> (sûrˈvĭl), as slaves, slavish.</p> - -<p><b>set him a severe task</b>, gave him a hard -piece of work to do.</p> - -<p><b>setˈter</b> (sĕtˈẽr), a hunting dog.</p> - -<p><b>se-verˈi-ty</b> (se᷵-vĕrˈĭ-tĭ), harshness.</p> - -<p><b>Se-ville</b> (se᷵-vĭlˈ), a province of Spain.</p> - -<p><b>Sexˈa-gesˈi-ma</b> (sĕkˈsă-jĕsˈĭ-mȧ), second -Sunday before Lent.</p> - -<p><b>shaft</b> (shȧft), a narrow, deep pit in the -earth communicating with a mine.</p> - -<p><b>shamˈble</b> (shămˈb’l), to walk awkwardly.</p> - -<p><b>Shamˈrock of Ireˈland</b> (shămˈrŏk of īrˈ-lănd), -a plant, with clover-like leaf, -used as the national emblem of Ireland.</p> - -<p><b>sheathed</b> (shēthd), put into a case.</p> - -<p><b>sheathˈing</b> (shēthˈĭng), the casing or -covering of a ship’s bottom and sides.</p> - -<p><b>sheer unobstructed precipice</b> (shēr ŭn-ŏb-strŭktˈĕd -prĕsˈĭ-pĭs), an extremely -high cliff without vegetation.</p> - -<p><b>Sheffield</b> (shĕfˈēld), a manufacturing city -in Yorkshire, England, noted for its -excellent cutlery.</p> - -<p><b>shift</b> (shĭft), a turning from one thing to -another; change.</p> - -<p><b>shillˈing</b> (shĭlˈĭng), a silver British coin, -value about twenty-four cents.</p> - -<p><b>shipˈshapeˌ</b> (shĭpˈshāpˌ), tidy, orderly.</p> - -<p><b>shrouded</b> (shroudˈĕd), concealed.</p> - -<p><b>shucked</b> (shŭkt), colloquial, laid aside.</p> - -<p><b>shufˈfled</b> (shŭfˈ’ld), shifted.</p> - -<p><b>shutˈtle</b> (shŭtˈ’l), an instrument used in -weaving; the sliding thread holder in a -sewing machine.</p> - -<p><b>siˈdled</b> (sīˈd’ld), moved sidewise.</p> - -<p><b>si-erˈra</b> (se᷵-ĕrˈrȧ), a ridge of mountains, -with an irregular outline.</p> - -<p><b>sigˌni-fi-caˈtion</b> (sĭgˌnĭ-fĭ-kāˈshŭn), -meaning, import.</p> - -<p><b>silent ghosts in misty shrouds</b>, like -noiseless ghosts dressed in garments -of mist.</p> - -<p><b>silˈver-tip</b> (sĭlˈvẽr-tĭp), a grizzly bear -having the hairs whitish at the ends.</p> - -<p><b>si-milˈi-tude</b> (sĭ-miĭlˈĭ-tūd), likeness.</p> - -<p><b>siˈmulˈtaˈne-ous</b> (sīˈmŭlˈtāˈne᷵-ŭs), existing, -happening, or done, at the same -time.</p> - -<p><b>sinˈew</b> (sĭnˈū), cord, tendon.</p> - -<p><b>sinˌgu-larˈi-ty</b> (sĭnˌgu᷵-lărˈĭ-tĭ), peculiarity.</p> - -<p><b>sinˈis-ter</b> (sĭnˈĭs-tẽr), evil.</p> - -<p><b>sinˈu-ous</b> (sĭnˈu᷵-ŭs), winding.</p> - -<p><b>sire</b> (sīr), an older person, elder.</p> - -<p><b>siˈren</b> (sīˈrĕn), one of a group of sea -nymphs who lured sailors to destruction -by their singing.</p> - -<p><b>sixpence</b> (sĭksˈpĕns), a small British -coin, six pennies, or twelve cents.</p> - -<p><b>Skald</b> (skôld), a Scandinavian poet who -sings of the heroic deeds of his people.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_620" id="Page_620">[620]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>Skarˈholm</b> (skärˈhōm).</p> - -<p><b>Skaw</b> (skô), the name of a cape at the -extremity of Jutland, Denmark.</p> - -<p><b>skids</b> (skĭds), a pair of rails on which to -roll something.</p> - -<p><b>skiff</b>, any small, light sailing vessel.</p> - -<p><b>skim</b>, pass over quickly or lightly.</p> - -<p><b>skirtˈing</b>, running along the edge.</p> - -<p><b>Skoal</b> (skōl), Scandinavian for Hail.</p> - -<p><b>slack</b> (slăk), of tidal waters, the period -when there is no horizontal motion -of water at the surface, inactive.</p> - -<p><b>sledge-hamˈmers</b> (slĕj-hămˈẽrz), large, -heavy hammers.</p> - -<p><b>sleepˈing-bag</b> (slēpˈĭng-băg), a long bag, -usually made of skin with the fur on -the inside, used by hunters to sleep -in.</p> - -<p><b>sloop</b> (slo̅o̅p), sailing vessel.</p> - -<p><b>slug-gish</b> (slŭgˈĭsh), dull, drowsy.</p> - -<p><b>small-bore</b> (smôl-bōr), small opening.</p> - -<p><b>small clothes</b> (klōthz), knee breeches.</p> - -<p><b>smartˈness</b> (smärtˈnĕs), liveliness, -quickness.</p> - -<p><b>Smiˈley, Le-onˈi-das W.</b> (smīˈlĭ, lē-ŏnˈĭ-dăs).</p> - -<p><b>smith</b> (smĭth), one who forges with a -hammer.</p> - -<p><b>Smith-soˈni-an Mu-seˈum</b> (smĭth-sōˈnĭ-ăn -mu᷵-zēˈŭm), a large government museum -in Washington, D. C.</p> - -<p><b>smut-face</b>, a black-faced bear.</p> - -<p><b>snafˈfle</b> (snăfˈ’l), a bridle bit.</p> - -<p><b>snake</b> (snāk), slang for jerk.</p> - -<p><b>snare</b> (snâr), trap.</p> - -<p><b>So-fronˈie</b> (sō-frōnˈē).</p> - -<p><b>soˈjourned</b> (sōˈjûrnd), dwelt.</p> - -<p><b>solˈace</b> (sŏlˈa᷵s), comfort, console.</p> - -<p><b>soldiers without strife</b>, soldiers that do -not have to fight.</p> - -<p><b>so-licˈit-ous</b> (sō-lĭsˈĭ-tŭs), anxious.</p> - -<p><b>so-licˈi-tude</b> (sō-lĭsˈĭ-tūd), concern.</p> - -<p><b>sonˈnet</b> (sŏnˈĕt), a poem consisting of -fourteen lines.</p> - -<p><b>sootˈy</b> (so͡otˈĭ; so̅o̅tˈĭ), soiled by soot.</p> - -<p><b>sorˈcer-ess</b> (sôrˈsẽr-ĕs), a woman magician.</p> - -<p><b>sorˈdid</b> (sôrˈdĭd), base, mean.</p> - -<p><b>sore vexed</b> (sōr vĕxd), sad at heart.</p> - -<p><b>sorˈrel</b> (sŏrˈrĕl), one of various plants -having a sour juice.</p> - -<p><b>souls that sped</b>, those who were killed.</p> - -<p><b>source</b> (sōrs), beginning, starting place.</p> - -<p><b>sovˈer-eign</b> (sŏvˈẽr-ĭn), ruler.</p> - -<p><b>sovˈer-eign digˈni-ty</b> (sovˈẽr-ĭn dĭgˈnĭ-tĭ), -dignity or honorable station as a ruler.</p> - -<p><b>spaˈcious</b> (spāˈshŭs), of great space.</p> - -<p><b>Spanˈish Ar-maˈda</b> (är-māˈdȧ).</p> - -<p><b>spanked</b> (spănkt), moved quickly.</p> - -<p><b>spar</b> (spär), a round solid piece of timber, -mast.</p> - -<p><b>Sparks, Jared</b> (spärks, jărˈĕd), an American -historian (1789-1866).</p> - -<p><b>spas-modˈic</b> (spăz-mŏdˈĭk), fitful.</p> - -<p><b>spawn</b> (spôn), bring forth.</p> - -<p><b>speˈcie</b> (spēˈshĭ), money.</p> - -<p><b>speˈcies</b> (spēˈshēz), kind, variety.</p> - -<p><b>spe-cifˈic i-denˈti-ty</b> (spe᷵-sĭfˈĭk ī-dĕnˈtĭ-tĭ), -exact points of sameness.</p> - -<p><b>specˈta-cle</b> (spĕkˈtȧ-k’l), sight, exhibition.</p> - -<p><b>specˈter</b> (spĕkˈtẽr), ghost.</p> - -<p><b>spec-trolˈo-gy</b> (spĕk-trŏlˈō-jĭ), the study -of specters, or ghosts.</p> - -<p><b>specˈu-latˌing</b> (spĕkˈū-lātˌĭng), thinking, -guessing.</p> - -<p><b>specˌu-laˈtion</b> (spĕkˌu᷵-lāˈshŭn), scheme.</p> - -<p><b>spherˈi-cal</b> (sfĕrˈĭ-kăl), round.</p> - -<p><b>spiˈral-ly</b> (spīˈrăl-ĭ), winding like a coil.</p> - -<p><b>spirtˈing</b> (spûrtˈĭng), shooting up.</p> - -<p><b>spit</b> (spĭt), a rod for holding meat while -roasting over a fire.</p> - -<p><b>spoil</b>, booty, plunder.</p> - -<p><b>spon-taˈne-ous</b> (spŏn-tāˈne᷵-ŭs), free, voluntary.</p> - -<p><b>sportsˈman-like</b> (spōrtsˈmăn-līk), like a -sportsman, one who is fair in sports.</p> - -<p><b>sprat</b> (sprăt), little fish.</p> - -<p><b>sprite</b> (sprīt), elf; fairy.</p> - -<p><b>spurˈring</b> (spûrˈĭng), pricking with spurs.</p> - -<p><b>squalˈid</b> (skwŏlˈĭd), dirty, foul, filthy.</p> - -<p><b>squal</b> (skwôl), a sudden gust of wind.</p> - -<p><b>squire</b> (skwīr), the title of dignity next -below that of knight.</p> - -<p><b>Stadtˈholdˌer</b> (stătˈhōldˌẽr), formerly the -chief ruler of the United Provinces of -Holland.</p> - -<p><b>staggered at the suggestion</b> (stăgˈẽrd at -the sŭg-jĕsˈchŭn), became less confident -at the idea.</p> - -<p><b>stagnant fen</b>, foul marshland.</p> - -<p><b>stalkˈing</b> (stôkˈĭng), walking or stealing -along cautiously.</p> - -<p><b>stalˈwart</b> (stôlˈwẽrt), strong.</p> - -<p><b>stanch</b> (stȧnch), firm, unwavering.</p> - -<p><b>stanched</b> (stȧncht), stopped the flowing.</p> - -<p><b>standˈard</b> (stăndˈẽrd), flag, banner.</p> - -<p><b>standing puzˈzle</b> (stăndˈĭng pŭz’l), a -problem which has not been solved.</p> - -<p><b>starboard quarter</b> (stärˈbōrd;—bẽrd), off -the right-hand forward quarter of the -ship.</p> - -<p><b>stark</b> (stärk), entirely, quite.</p> - -<p><b>starveˈling</b> (stärvˈlĭng), lean.</p> - -<p><b>statˈure</b> (stătˈu᷵r), figure.</p> - -<p><b>statˈute</b> (stătˈu᷵t), law.</p> - -<p><b>stave</b> (stāv), note.</p> - -<p><b>St. Bar-tholˈo-mew</b> (bär-thŏlˈō-mū), an -organized slaughter of French Huguenots -in Paris, Aug. 24, 1572.</p> - -<p><b>steeˈple-chase</b> (stēˈp’l-chās), a race -across country between horsemen.</p> - -<p><b>sterˈling coinˈage</b> (stûrˈlĭng koinˈa᷵j), -genuine manufacture, true make.</p> - -<p><b>stern-sheets</b>, a place in the stern of an -open boat not occupied by seats.</p> - -<p><b>stewˈard</b> (stūˈẽrd), a person employed to -provide for, and wait upon, the table.</p> - -<p><b>stiˈfle</b> (stīˈf’l), to stop, deaden.</p> - -<p><b>stimˈu-latˌed</b> (stĭmˈu᷵-lātˌĕd), aroused.</p> - -<p><b>stint</b> (stĭnt), task.</p> - -<p><b>stipˈu-latˌed</b>, made an agreement.</p> - -<p><b>St. Nichˈo-las</b> (nĭkˈō-lăs), the patron -saint of seafaring men.</p> - -<p><b>St. Ninˈi-an</b> (nĭnˈĭ-ȧn), a British missionary.</p> - -<p><b>stock</b> (stŏk), cattle, sheep, etc.</p> - -<p><b>stock sadˈdle</b> (stŏk sȧdˈ’l), a saddle having -a high knobbed pommel, used by -cowboys.</p> - -<p><b>stoˈi-cism</b> (stōˈĭ-sĭz’m), practice of showing -indifference to pleasure or pain.</p> - -<p><b>stomˈach-er</b> (stŭmˈŭk-ẽr), an ornamental -covering for the front of the upper -body.</p> - -<p><b>stoutˈly mainˈtains</b> (stoutˈlĭ mānˈtānz) -strongly asserts or says.</p> - -<p><b>stradˈdle-bugˈ</b>, a long-legged beetle.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_621" id="Page_621">[621]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>stratˈa-gem</b> (strătˈȧ-jĕm), a trick in war -for deceiving the enemy.</p> - -<p><b>strike</b> (strīk), act of quitting work, not -to resume unless certain conditions are -fulfilled.</p> - -<p><b>stripˈling</b> (strĭpˈlĭng), youthful.</p> - -<p><b>Stuart</b> (stūˈẽrt), the ruling family to -which James II of England belonged.</p> - -<p><b>stuntˈed</b> (stŭntˈĕd), undeveloped.</p> - -<p><b>stuˈpe-fied</b> (stūˈpe᷵-fīd), made stupid.</p> - -<p><b>stu-penˈdous di-menˈsions</b> (stū-pĕnˈdŭs -dĭ-mĕnˈshŭnz), great size.</p> - -<p><b>sturˈgeon</b> (stûrˈjŭn), a large fish covered -with tough skin.</p> - -<p><b>style</b> (stīl), to name, term, call.</p> - -<p><b>Suarˈven</b> (swärˈvĕn).</p> - -<p><b>suaˈsion</b> (swāˈzhŭn), persuasion.</p> - -<p><b>subˌju-gaˈtion</b> (sŭbˌjū-gāˈshŭn), conquest.</p> - -<p><b>sub-limeˈ</b> (sŭb-līmˈ), majestic.</p> - -<p><b>sub-limˈi-ty</b> (sŭb-lĭmˈĭ-tĭ), grandeur, -stateliness.</p> - -<p><b>sub-misˈsion</b> (sŭb-mĭshˈŭn), patience.</p> - -<p><b>sub-orˈdi-nate</b> (sŭb-ôrˈdĭ-na᷵t), inferior.</p> - -<p><b>sub-ornedˈ</b> (sŭb-ôrndˈ), procured unlawfully.</p> - -<p><b>subˈse-quent</b> (sŭbˈse᷵-kwĕnt), later.</p> - -<p><b>sub-sideˈ</b> (sŭb-sīdˈ), to quiet.</p> - -<p><b>sub-sistˈed</b> (sŭb-sĭstˈĕd), existed.</p> - -<p><b>subˈstance</b> (sŭbˈstăns), contents.</p> - -<p><b>subˈsti-tute</b> (sŭbˈstĭ-tūt), exchange.</p> - -<p><b>subˌter-raˈne-an</b> (sŭbˌtĕr-āˈne᷵-ăn), underground.</p> - -<p><b>subˈtle</b> (sŭtˈ’l), clever.</p> - -<p><b>suc-ceedsˈ</b> (sŭk-sēdsˈ), follows.</p> - -<p><b>suc-cesˈsion</b> (sŭk-sĕshˈŭn), following one -after another in a series.</p> - -<p><b>sucˈcor</b> (sŭkˈẽr), help.</p> - -<p><b>such-like vex-aˈtious tricks</b> (vĕks-āˈ-shŭs), -teasing tricks of such a kind.</p> - -<p><b>sucˈtion</b> (sŭkˈshŭn), a sucking in.</p> - -<p><b>sufˈfer</b> (sŭfˈfẽr), permit, allow; feel.</p> - -<p><b>suf-ficeˈ</b> (sŭ-fīsˈ), be enough, satisfy.</p> - -<p><b>Sufˈfolk</b> (sŭfˈŭk), county of England.</p> - -<p><b>suite</b> (swēt), company of attendants.</p> - -<p><b>sulˈlen</b> (sŭlˈĕn), gloomy, dismal, sad.</p> - -<p><b>sulˈphur-ous</b> (sŭlˈfŭr-ŭs), containing sulphur.</p> - -<p><b>sulphur smoke</b> (sŭlˈfŭr), smoke of battle.</p> - -<p><b>sulˈtry</b> (sŭlˈtrĭ), hot and moist.</p> - -<p><b>suˈmac</b> (sūˈmăk), a shrub.</p> - -<p><b>sumˈma-ry</b> (sŭmˈȧ-rĭ), a short account -of a long story; done without delay or -formality.</p> - -<p><b>sumˈmoned</b> (sŭmˈŭnd), invited, called -forth.</p> - -<p><b>sumˈmons</b> (sŭmˈŭnz), calls; an order to -appear in court.</p> - -<p><b>sumpˈtu-ous</b> (sŭmpˈtu᷵-ŭs), large.</p> - -<p><b>sunˈdry</b> (sŭnˈdrĭ), several, special.</p> - -<p><b>suˌper-fiˈcial</b> (sūˌpẽr-fĭshˈăl), shallow.</p> - -<p><b>su-peˌri-orˈi-ty</b> (su᷵-pēˌrĭ-ôrˈĭ-tĭ), odds, -advantage.</p> - -<p><b>su-peˈri-or prowˈess</b> (su᷵-pēˈrĭ-ẽr prouˈĕs), -greater worth or bravery.</p> - -<p><b>suˌper-nuˈmer-a-ry</b> (sūˌpẽr-nūˈmẽr-a᷵-rĭ), -more than necessary.</p> - -<p><b>su-per-stiˈtion</b> (sū-pẽr-stĭˈshŭn), a fear -of the unknown or mysterious.</p> - -<p><b>su-pineˈly; suˈpine-ly</b> (su᷵-pīnˈlĭ; sūˈpīn-lĭ), -inactively, carelessly.</p> - -<p><b>sup-plantˈed</b> (sŭ-plăntˈĕd), taken the -place of.</p> - -<p><b>supˈple-jackˌ</b> (sŭpˈ’l-jăkˌ), a woody -climbing shrub.</p> - -<p><b>supˈpli-catˈing</b> (sŭpˈlĭ-kātˈĭng), beseeching, -entreating, petitioning.</p> - -<p><b>supˌpo-siˈtions</b> (sŭpˌō-zĭshˈŭnz), surmises, -thoughts.</p> - -<p><b>sureˈty</b> (sho̅o̅rˈtĭ), one who stands in -place of another; security.</p> - -<p><b>surf</b> (sûrf), the swell of the sea breaking -upon the shore.</p> - -<p><b>surge</b> (sûrj), a rolling swell of water.</p> - -<p><b>surˈly</b> (sûrˈlĭ), sullen.</p> - -<p><b>surˈplice</b> (sûrˈplĭs), the white outer garment -worn in church services.</p> - -<p><b>sur-veyˈ</b> (sûr-vāˈ), to examine; to measure -the land with instruments.</p> - -<p><b>sur-viveˈ</b> (sŭr-vīvˈ), to live.</p> - -<p><b>sus-tainˈ</b> (sŭs-tānˈ), to keep from falling; -to bear.</p> - -<p><b>susˈte-nance</b> (sŭsˈte᷵-năns), provisions.</p> - -<p><b>swain</b> (swān), country lover.</p> - -<p><b>swampˈing</b> (swŏmpˈĭng), sinking by filling -with water.</p> - -<p><b>swank</b> (swănk), dialect for swagger.</p> - -<p><b>swarthˈy</b> (swôrˈthĭ), of dark complexion.</p> - -<p><b>sweep</b> (swēp), a long oar used in small -vessels, either to propel or steer.</p> - -<p><b>swell</b> (swĕl), gradual rising of land.</p> - -<p><b>swelˈter</b> (swĕlˈtẽr), heat; rolls.</p> - -<p><b>swerved</b> (swûrvd), turned aside.</p> - -<p><b>Sybˈa-ris</b> (sĭbˈȧ-rĭs), in ancient geography, -a city in northern Italy famous -for its great wealth and luxury.</p> - -<p><b>sycˈa-more</b> (sĭkˈȧ-mōr), a tree with large -leaves, and trunk with mottled bark, -growing near streams.</p> - -<p><b>Sycˈo-rax</b> (sĭkˈō-răks).</p> - -<p><b>sylˈvan</b> (sĭlˈvăn), forestlike, rustic.</p> - -<p><b>symˈbol</b> (sĭmˈbŏl), sign, emblem.</p> - -<p><b>sympˈtom</b> (sĭmˈtŭm), sign.</p> - -<p><b>sysˈtem-atˈic</b> (sĭsˈtĕm-ătˈĭk), in regular -order, according to a definite plan.</p> - -<p><b>tacˈi-turn</b> (tăsˈĭ-tûrn), not talkative.</p> - -<p><b>tackˈle</b> (tăkˈ’l), rigging of a ship.</p> - -<p><b>tankˈard</b> (tănkˈȧrd), a drinking vessel -with a lid.</p> - -<p><b>taˈper</b> (tāˈpẽr), growing smaller towards -the end.</p> - -<p><b>tapˈes-try</b> (tăpˈĕs-trĭ), hangings of wool -or silk with gold or silver threads producing -a pattern or picture.</p> - -<p><b>Tappan Zee</b> (tăpˈăn), a wide expansion -of the Hudson River.</p> - -<p><b>tarˈtan</b> (tärˈtăn), Scotch soldiers; woolen -cloth, cross barred with narrow -bands of various colors, much worn in -the Scottish Highlands, where each -clan has a different tartan.</p> - -<p><b>Tarˈtar</b> (tärˈtȧr), in the middle ages, the -host of Mongol, Turk, and Chinese -warriors who swept over Asia and -threatened Europe.</p> - -<p><b>tasˈsel</b> (tăsˈ’l), a kind of ornament.</p> - -<p><b>tatˈtered</b> (tătˈẽrd), torn in shreds.</p> - -<p><b>taunt</b> (tänt), mockery, reproach.</p> - -<p><b>taxˈi-derˌmist</b> (tăksˈsĭ-dûrˌmĭst), one -who mounts the skins of animals.</p> - -<p><b>tchick</b> (chĭk), click.</p> - -<p><b>teˈdi-ous</b> (tēˈdĭ-ŭs), tiresome.</p> - -<p><b>teemed</b> (tēmd), was full of.</p> - -<p><b>teeth of the wind</b>, grasp of the wind.</p> - -<p><b>telˈe-scope</b> (tĕlˈe᷵-skōp), an instrument -used to view far-off objects.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_622" id="Page_622">[622]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>temˈper-ate</b> (tĕmˈpẽr-a᷵t), that part which -lies between the torrid zone and the -polar circle.</p> - -<p><b>tempest trumpings</b>, thunder.</p> - -<p><b>tem-pesˈtu-ous</b> (tĕm-pĕsˈtû-ŭs), stormy.</p> - -<p><b>temˈpo-ral</b> (tĕmˈpō-răl), of this life.</p> - -<p><b>te-naˈcious</b> (te᷵-nāˈshŭs), holding fast.</p> - -<p><b>te-nacˈi-ty</b> (te᷵-năsˈĭ-tĭ), state of being -tenacious or sticking to a thing.</p> - -<p><b>tendˈer</b> (tĕnˈdẽr), offer.</p> - -<p><b>tenˈdril</b> (tĕnˈdrĭl), a small shoot.</p> - -<p><b>tenˈor</b> (tĕnˈẽr), nature, character; general -course, conduct.</p> - -<p><b>tent-peg</b> (tĕnt-pĕg), a piece of wood -used to hold the ropes of a tent.</p> - -<p><b>tenˈure</b> (tĕnˈu᷵r), a holding.</p> - -<p><b>terˈmi-natˌed</b> (tûrˈmĭ-nātˌĕd), ended, -bounded.</p> - -<p><b>terˌrifˈic funˈnel</b>, gigantic whirlpool.</p> - -<p><b>terˌrifˈic grandˈeur</b>, magnificence which -could only frighten.</p> - -<p><b>tesˈti-mo-ny</b> (tĕsˈtĭ-mō-nĭ), declaration -of facts.</p> - -<p><b>teteˈa-teteˈ</b> (tātˈȧ-tāt; tĕˈtȧ-tât), private -conversation.</p> - -<p><b>texˈture</b> (tĕksˈtūr), fine structure.</p> - -<p><b>Thames</b> (tĕmz), a river in England.</p> - -<p><b>Thanˌa-topˈsis</b> (thănˌȧ-tŏpˈsĭs).</p> - -<p><b>theme</b> (thēm), a subject or topic on -which a person writes or speaks.</p> - -<p><b>theˈo-ry</b> (thēˈō-rĭ), a general principle; -plan; speculation.</p> - -<p><b>there-withˈ</b> (thâr-wĭthˈ), at the same -time; besides.</p> - -<p><b>ther-momˈe-ter</b> fell (thẽr-mŏmˈe᷵-tẽr), -temperature became colder.</p> - -<p><b>thickˈet</b> (thĭkˈĕt), a dense growth of -shrubbery.</p> - -<p><b>thine arms with-stoodˈ</b> (wĭth-sto̅o̅dˈ), resisted -your army.</p> - -<p><b>Thorˈeau, Henˈry Daˈvid</b> (thōˈrō; thō-rōˈ).</p> - -<p><b>thread</b> (thrĕd), make one’s way over.</p> - -<p><b>thrice</b> (thrīs), three times, most.</p> - -<p><b>throsˈtle</b> (thrŏsˈ’l), a thrush.</p> - -<p><b>throw up the sponge</b>, to give up.</p> - -<p><b>thwart</b> (thwôrt), a rower’s seat.</p> - -<p><b>thymˈy</b> (tīmˈĭ), fragrant, or filled with -thyme, a sweet-scented herb.</p> - -<p><b>Ti-betˈ</b> (tĭ-bĕtˈ), a country in the southwestern -part of the Chinese empire.</p> - -<p><b>tiˈdings</b> (tīˈdĭngz), news, intelligence.</p> - -<p><b>tier</b> (tēr), row, one row above another.</p> - -<p><b>tilˈler</b> (tĭlˈẽr), a lever of wood or metal -fitted to the rudder and used for turning -it from side to side to steer.</p> - -<p><b>timˈbered</b> (tĭmˈbẽrd), wooded.</p> - -<p><b>time dried the maiden’s tears</b>, gradually -she became happy in her new surroundings.</p> - -<p><b>timˈmer-man</b> (tĭmˈmẽr-măn), carpenter.</p> - -<p><b>tipˈpling</b> (tĭpˈlĭng), drinking.</p> - -<p><b>tisˈsue</b> (tĭshˈu᷵), a thinly woven fabric.</p> - -<p><b>Tiˈtan</b> (tīˈtăn), one of the primeval gods, -older than the Greek gods; of majestic -form.</p> - -<p><b>ti-tanˈic</b> (tī-tănˈĭk), gigantic, enormous.</p> - -<p><b>toast</b> (tōst), a sentiment expressed formally -at the table.</p> - -<p><b>toils of the chase</b>, the labors of hunting.</p> - -<p><b>Tokˌa-ma-haˈmon</b> (tŏkˌȧ-mä-häˈmŏn), -an Indian chief.</p> - -<p><b>toˈken</b> (tōˈk’n), sign.</p> - -<p><b>told off</b>, counted or picked out.</p> - -<p><b>tolˈer-a-ble</b> (tŏlˈẽr-ȧ-b’l), moderately -good, agreeable.</p> - -<p><b>tolerably correct Cutter</b> (tŏl-ẽrˈȧ-blĭ), a -very good imitation of a deep-keeled -vessel.</p> - -<p><b>toll</b> (tōl), tax.</p> - -<p><b>tongue</b> (tŭng), bell clapper.</p> - -<p><b>took my degree</b>, was graduated.</p> - -<p><b>toˈpaz</b> (tōˈpăz), a kind of yellow quartz.</p> - -<p><b>topped</b> (tŏpt), reached the top of.</p> - -<p><b>torˈpid</b> (tôrˈpĭd), dull, inactive, sluggish.</p> - -<p><b>torˈtoise</b> (tôrˈtĭs; tŭs), kind of turtle.</p> - -<p><b>to run the gauntlet</b> (gäntˈlĕt; gôntˈlĕt), -to go through the extreme dangers.</p> - -<p><b>Toˈry</b> (tōˈrĭ), the name of one of the -historic political parties in England.</p> - -<p><b>tossˈing a-breastˈ</b>, riding the waves opposite.</p> - -<p><b>tour</b> (to̅o̅r), a short journey from place -to place.</p> - -<p><b>tourˈna-ment</b> (to̅o̅rˈnȧ-mĕnt; tu᷵rˈ-), -knightly combat.</p> - -<p><b>tow-cloth</b> (tō-klŏth), coarse, hand-woven -cloth.</p> - -<p><b>to wear ship</b>, to cause to go about in a -different direction.</p> - -<p><b>towˈrope</b> (tōˈrōp), a rope or chain by -which anything is pulled.</p> - -<p><b>track the street</b>, walk the street leaving -the tracks or imprints of his feet.</p> - -<p><b>tracˈta-ble</b> (trăkˈtȧ-b’l), easily controlled, -manageable.</p> - -<p><b>trafˈfic</b> (trăfˈĭk), the passing to and fro -of persons and vehicles along a street.</p> - -<p><b>tragˈe-dy</b> (trăjˈe᷵-dĭ), a fatal and mournful -event; a play having a sad ending.</p> - -<p><b>trail</b> (trāl), track.</p> - -<p><b>trail-rope</b> (trāl-rōp), a rope used to -fasten a horse by.</p> - -<p><b>trait</b> (trāt), peculiarity.</p> - -<p><b>trance</b> (trȧns), insensible condition.</p> - -<p><b>tran-quilˈli-ty</b> (trăn-kwĭlˈĭ-tĭ), calmness.</p> - -<p><b>transˈat-lanˈtic</b> (trănsˈăt-lănˈtĭk), beyond -the Atlantic Ocean.</p> - -<p><b>tran-scendˈent</b> (trăn-sĕnˈdĕnt), surpassing, -supreme.</p> - -<p><b>trans-figˈure</b> (trăns-fĭgˈu᷵r), to change to -something exalted and glorious.</p> - -<p><b>trans-gresˈsion</b> (trăns-grĕshˈŭn), sin.</p> - -<p><b>tranˈsient</b> (trănˈshĕnt), not lasting.</p> - -<p><b>transˌmu-taˈtion</b> (trănsˌmu᷵-tāˈshŭn), the -changing from one form to another.</p> - -<p><b>trans-parˈent</b> (trăns-pârˈĕnt), clear.</p> - -<p><b>transˈport</b> (trănsˈpōrt), carrying; excessive -joy.</p> - -<p><b>trans-portˈ</b> (trăns-pōrtˈ), to carry.</p> - -<p><b>trapˈpers</b>, hunters who trap their prey.</p> - -<p><b>trapˈpings</b> (trăpˈĭngz), ornamental coverings, -housings.</p> - -<p><b>travˈersed</b> (trăvˈẽrst), crossed.</p> - -<p><b>trawlˈer</b> (trôlˈẽr), a vessel that fishes by -dragging the nets.</p> - -<p><b>treachˈer-y</b> (trĕchˈẽr-ĭ), falseness.</p> - -<p><b>treaˈcle</b> (trēˈk’l), molasses.</p> - -<p><b>treaˈtise</b> (trēˈtĭs), essay.</p> - -<p><b>tree-nailˈ</b> (trē-nālˈ), a wooden pin for -fastening the planks of a vessel.</p> - -<p><b>treˈmor</b> (trēˈmŏr; trĕmˈŏr), quivering; -affected with fear or timidity.</p> - -<p><b>tremˈu-lous</b> (trĕmˈu᷵-lŭs), trembling.</p> - -<p><b>trenchˈant</b> (trĕnˈchănt), sharp.</p> - -<p><b>tri-buˈnal</b> (trī-būˈnăl), court of justice.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_623" id="Page_623">[623]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>tribˈu-ta-ry</b> (trĭbˈu᷵-ta᷵-rĭ), a stream flowing -into a larger stream; a country -that pays tribute to another.</p> - -<p><b>tribˈute</b> (trĭbˈūt), a personal contribution -of any kind, as of praise or service, in -token of services rendered.</p> - -<p><b>triˈcolor</b> (trīˈkŭl-ẽr), the French flag, -blue, white, red.</p> - -<p><b>triˈfling jest</b> (trīˈflĭng jĕst), a little joke.</p> - -<p><b>trim</b> (trĭm), condition.</p> - -<p><b>troopˈer</b> (tro̅o̅pˈẽr), a cavalryman.</p> - -<p><b>troˈphy</b> (trōˈfĭ), anything kept as a memento -of something gained, spoil.</p> - -<p><b>trucˈu-lent</b> (trŭkˈu᷵-lĕnt), terrible, fierce.</p> - -<p><b>trumpˈer-y</b> (trŭmˈpẽr-ĭ), goods.</p> - -<p><b>trunˈcheon</b> (trŭnˈshŭn), a baton.</p> - -<p><b>trussed</b> (trŭst), with wings fastened to -the body.</p> - -<p><b>trystˈing-place</b> (trĭstˈĭng-plās), place of -meeting.</p> - -<p><b>tucked</b> (tŭkt), made snug.</p> - -<p><b>tu-mulˈtu-ous</b> (tū-mŭlˈtu᷵-ŭs), boisterous.</p> - -<p><b>turˈban</b> (tûrˈbăn), Mohammedan soldiers; -a headdress worn by Mohammedans.</p> - -<p><b>turˈmoil</b> (tûrˈmoil), worrying confusion.</p> - -<p><b>turˈret</b> (tŭrˈĕt), tower.</p> - -<p><b>Tus-ca-roˈra</b> (tŭs-kȧ-rōˈră).</p> - -<p><b>twoˈfold shout</b> (to̅o̅ˈfōld), double shout, -shout and its echo.</p> - -<p><b>ty-ranˈni-cal</b> (tī-rănˈĭ-kăl), despotic.</p> - -<p><b>tyˈran-ny</b> (tĭˈrăn-ĭ), despotism.</p> - -<p><b>u-biqˈui-ty</b> (u᷵-bĭkˈwĭ-tĭ), presence in -more than one place at the same time.</p> - -<p><b>umˈpire</b> (ŭmˈpīr), judge.</p> - -<p><b>unˌac-countˈa-ble</b> com-muˌni-caˈtion, -strange intercourse or act of talking to -one another.</p> - -<p><b>unˌac-countˈa-bly</b> (ŭnˌă-kounˈtȧ-blĭ), -strangely, without reason.</p> - -<p><b>unˌas-sumˈing</b> (ŭnˌă-sūmˈĭng), modest.</p> - -<p><b>un-a-vailˈing</b> (ŭn-ȧ-vālˈĭng), unsuccessful.</p> - -<p><b>unˌa-waresˈ</b> (ŭnˌȧ-wârzˈ), unexpectedly.</p> - -<p><b>un-boundˈed</b> (ŭn-boundˈĕd), unlimited.</p> - -<p><b>un-ceasˈing</b> (ŭn-sēsˈĭng), not stopping.</p> - -<p><b>un-chidˈden</b> (ŭn-chĭdˈ’n), not blamed.</p> - -<p><b>un-conˈquer-a-ble</b>, not to be overcome.</p> - -<p><b>un-conˈscious</b> (ŭn-kŏnˈshŭs), unaware.</p> - -<p><b>un-couthˈ</b> (un-ko̅o̅thˈ), strange, ugly.</p> - -<p><b>un-dauntˈed</b> (ŭn-dänˈtĕd), bold, fearless.</p> - -<p><b>unˌder-minedˈ</b> (ŭnˌdẽr-mīndˈ), weakened.</p> - -<p><b>unˈder-takeˈ</b> (ŭnˈdẽr-tākˈ), promise.</p> - -<p><b>unˌdis-turbedˈ</b>, without annoyance.</p> - -<p><b>un-doubtˈed-ly</b> (ŭn-doutˈĕd-lĭ), without -question.</p> - -<p><b>unˌdu-laˈtion</b> (ŭnˌdu᷵-la᷵ˈshŭn), land or -water with a wavy appearance.</p> - -<p><b>un-feignedˈ</b> (ŭn-fāndˈ), sincere.</p> - -<p><b>un-fetˈtered</b> (ŭn-fĕtˈẽrd), unchained.</p> - -<p><b>un-foughtˈ vicˈto-ries won</b>, victories over -poverty, lack of education, etc.</p> - -<p><b>un-furlˈ</b> (ŭn-fûrlˈ), to unfold, loosen.</p> - -<p><b>un-geˈni-al</b> (ŭn-jēˈnĭ-ăl), not pleasant.</p> - -<p><b>un-govˈern-a-ble</b> (ŭn-gŭvˈẽr-nȧ-b’l), wild.</p> - -<p><b>un-harˈried</b> (ŭn-hărˈĭd), not annoyed.</p> - -<p><b>uˈni-form</b> (ūˈnĭ-fôrm), unchanging.</p> - -<p><b>un-in-telˈli-gi-ble</b> (ŭn-ĭn-tĕlˈĭ-jĭ-b’l), not -capable of being understood.</p> - -<p><b>uˈni-son</b> (ūˈnĭ-sŭn), harmony.</p> - -<p><b>uˌni-verˈsal curˈren-cy</b> (ūˌnĭ-vûrˈsăl -kŭrˈĕn-sĭ), general acceptance.</p> - -<p><b>uˌni-verˈsal-ly</b> (ūˌnĭ-vûrˈsăl-ĭ), entirely.</p> - -<p><b>uˈni-verse</b> (ūˈnĭ-vûrs), world.</p> - -<p><b>un-nervedˈ</b> (ŭn-nûrvedˈ), deprived of -strength, or nerve.</p> - -<p><b>un-ob-structˈed</b> (ŭn-ŏb-strŭkˈtĕd), clear.</p> - -<p><b>unˌob-truˈsive</b> (ŭnˌŏb-tro̅o̅ˈsĭv), modest.</p> - -<p><b>un-pleasˈing in-telˈli-gence</b>, bad news.</p> - -<p><b>un-prinˈci-pled</b> (ŭn-prĭnˈsĭ-p’ld), without -principles or morals.</p> - -<p><b>unˌre-mitˈting</b> (ŭnˌre᷵-mĭtˈĭng), incessant, -continual.</p> - -<p><b>unˌre-servedˈ</b> (ŭnˌre᷵-zûrvdˈ), frank, open.</p> - -<p><b>un-saˈvor-y</b> (ŭn-sāˈvẽr-ĭ), unpleasant to -smell.</p> - -<p><b>un-scathedˈ</b> (ŭn-skāthdˈ), unharmed.</p> - -<p><b>un-staˈble</b> (ŭn-stāˈb’l), not fixed.</p> - -<p><b>unˌsub-stanˈtial</b> (ŭnˌsŭb-stănˈshăl), flimsy.</p> - -<p><b>un-sus-pectˈing</b> (ŭn-sŭs-pĕktˈĭng), trusting.</p> - -<p><b>un-taintˈed</b> (ŭn-tāntˈĕd), pure.</p> - -<p><b>un-waˈry</b> (ŭn-wāˈrĭ), careless.</p> - -<p><b>un-weaˈry-ing</b> (ŭn-wēˈrĭ-ĭng), untiring.</p> - -<p><b>un-wontˈed</b> (ŭn-wŭnˈtĕd), unusual, rare.</p> - -<p><b>up-holˈster-er</b> (ŭp-hōlˈstẽr-ẽr), one who -provides curtains, also coverings for -chairs.</p> - -<p><b>upˈland</b> (ŭpˈlănd), high land.</p> - -<p><b>urˈchin</b> (ûrˈchĭn), boy.</p> - -<p><b>urˈgent</b> (ûrˈjĕnt), pressing.</p> - -<p><b>Uˈri-ens</b> (ūˈrĭ-ĕnz).</p> - -<p><b>uˌsur-paˈtion</b> (ūˌsûr-pāˈshŭn), the illegal -seizure of power.</p> - -<p><b>u-tenˈsil</b> (u᷵-tĕnˈsĭl), tool.</p> - -<p><b>Uˈther Pen-dragˈon</b> (ūˈthẽr pĕn-drăgˈŭn).</p> - -<p><b>u-tilˈi-ty</b> (u᷵-tĭlˈĭ-tĭ), usefulness.</p> - -<p><b>utˈmost</b> (ŭtˈmōst), greatest.</p> - -<p><b>utˈter-ance</b> (ŭtˈẽr-ăns), speech.</p> - -<p><b>utˈter-ly</b> (utˈẽr-lĭ), totally.</p> - -<p><b>vagˈa-bond</b> (văgˈȧ-bŏnd), a wanderer.</p> - -<p><b>valˈor</b> (vălˈẽr), courage, bravery.</p> - -<p><b>van</b> (văn), advance guard.</p> - -<p><b>Van Dieˈmenˈs Land</b> (văn dēˈmĕn), the -former name of Tasmania, an island -south of Australia.</p> - -<p><b>Van Twilˈler, Wouˈter</b> (wo̅o̅ˈtẽr).</p> - -<p><b>vaˈpor-ing</b> (vāˈpẽr-ĭng), idly talking.</p> - -<p><b>vaˌri-aˈtion</b> (vāˌrĭ-āˈshŭn), differences.</p> - -<p><b>vaˈried</b> (vāˈrĭd), diverse, different.</p> - -<p><b>vaˈri-e-gatˌed</b> (vāˈrĭ-e᷵-gātˌĕd), having -marks of different colors.</p> - -<p><b>varˈlet</b> (värˈlĕt), a cowardly fellow.</p> - -<p><b>vaˈry</b> (vāˈrĭ), to differ, to be unlike.</p> - -<p><b>vasˈsal</b> (văsˈăl), a subject, servant.</p> - -<p><b>vast con-gre-gaˈtion</b> (vȧst kŏn-grē-gāˈshŭn), -a large gathering or group.</p> - -<p><b>vauntˈing</b> (väntˈĭng), boasting.</p> - -<p><b>Vavˈi-sour</b> (văvˈĭ-sōr).</p> - -<p><b>veer</b> (vēr), to change direction, to turn.</p> - -<p><b>vegˈe-tatˌing</b> (vĕjˈe᷵-tātˌĭng), living -quietly and simply, like plants.</p> - -<p><b>veˈhe-ment-ly</b> (vēˈhe᷵-mĕnt-lĭ), furiously.</p> - -<p><b>veˈhi-cle</b> (vēˈhĭ-k’l), wagon, cart, car.</p> - -<p><b>ve-locˈi-ty</b> (ve᷵-lŏsˈĭ-tĭ), speed.</p> - -<p><b>venˈer-a-ble</b> (venˈẽr-ȧ-b’l), old, worthy -of reverence.</p> - -<p><b>vengeˈance</b> (vĕnˈjăns), punishment inflicted -in return for an injury or offense; -violence, force.</p> - -<p><b>venˈi-son</b> (vĕnˈĭ-z’n), flesh of deer.</p> - -<p><b>venˈom-ous</b> (vĕnˈŭm-ŭs), poisonous.</p> - -<p><b>venˈture</b> (vĕnˈtu᷵r), an undertaking of -chance or danger; to dare.</p> - -<p><b>ve-ranˈda</b> (ve᷵-rănˈdȧ), piazza, porch.</p> - -<p><b>verˈdant</b> (vûrˈdănt), green.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_624" id="Page_624">[624]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>ver-milˈion</b> (vẽr-mĭlˈyŭn), bright red -paint.</p> - -<p><b>verˈsion</b> (vûrˈshŭn), translation; change -of form.</p> - -<p><b>vesˈtige</b> (vĕsˈtĭj), trace.</p> - -<p><b>vestˈments</b> (vĕstˈmĕnts), robes.</p> - -<p><b>vi-cisˈsi-tude</b> (vĭ-sĭsˈĭ-tŭd), irregular -change, comedown.</p> - -<p><b>victˈual</b> (vĭtˈ’l), food.</p> - -<p><b>victˈual-er</b> (vĭtˈ’l-ẽr), a provision ship.</p> - -<p><b>vigˈil</b> (vĭjˈĭl), watch.</p> - -<p><b>vigˈi-lance</b> (vĭjˈĭ-lăns), wakefulness.</p> - -<p><b>vigˈi-lant</b> (vĭgˈĭ-lănt), watchful.</p> - -<p><b>Viˈking</b> (vīˈkĭng), one belonging to the -pirate crews of the Northmen who -plundered the coasts of Europe.</p> - -<p><b>vinˈdi-cate</b> (vĭnˈdĭ-kāt), to defend.</p> - -<p><b>viˈo-late</b> (vīˈō-lāt), to abuse, disturb.</p> - -<p><b>virˈgin soil</b> (vûrˈjĭn), soil which has -never been cultivated.</p> - -<p><b>visˈage</b> (vĭzˈa᷵j), the face.</p> - -<p><b>viˈsion-a-ry hours</b> (vĭzhˈŭn-a᷵-rĭ), fanciful -hours, dreamy or unreal hours.</p> - -<p><b>viˈsion-a-ry projˈects</b> (vĭzhˈŭn-a᷵-rĭ prŏjˈĕktz), -fanciful or dreamy plans.</p> - -<p><b>visˈta</b> (vĭsˈtȧ), a view.</p> - -<p><b>vi-vaˈciou</b>s (vī-vāˈshŭs), lively, vigorous.</p> - -<p><b>vo-caˈtion</b> (vō-kāˈshŭn), occupation.</p> - -<p><b>vo-cifˈer-ous</b> (vō-sĭfˈẽr-ŭs), noisy.</p> - -<p><b>volˈleys</b> (vŏlˈĭz), discharge.</p> - -<p><b>volˈun-ta-ry</b> (vŏlˈŭn-ta᷵-rĭ), done of one’s -own free will.</p> - -<p><b>volˌun-teeredˈ</b> (vŏlˌŭn-tērdˈ), offered.</p> - -<p><b>vo-lupˈtu-ous</b> (vō-lŭpˈtu᷵-ŭs), luxurious, -given to pleasure.</p> - -<p><b>von Humˈboldt Alexander</b> (1769-1859), a -German naturalist and statesman.</p> - -<p><b>vo-raˈcious</b> (vō-rāˈshŭs), greedy.</p> - -<p><b>vorˈti-ces</b> (vôrˈtĭ-sēz), whirlpools.</p> - -<p><b>vouch-safeˈ</b> (vouch-sāfˈ), to guarantee as -safe, assure.</p> - -<p><b>vows were plightˈed</b> (plītˈĕd), pledges of -love were given.</p> - -<p><b>vulˈner-a-ble</b> (vŭlˈnẽr-ȧ-b’l), weak.</p> - -<p><b>vulˈture</b> (vŭlˈtu᷵r), a flesh-eating bird. -Here, applied to the danger of icebergs.</p> - -<p><b>Vurrgh</b> (vu᷵rg).</p> - -<p><b>waft</b> (wȧft), to carry.</p> - -<p><b>wake</b> (wāk), track.</p> - -<p><b>wanes</b> (wānz), draws to a close.</p> - -<p><b>Wamˌpa-noˈag</b> (wŏmˌpȧ-nōˈăg), an important -Algonquian tribe.</p> - -<p><b>wamˈpum</b> (wŏmˈpŭm), beads made of -shells and used as Indian money.</p> - -<p><b>wan’t</b>, dialect for was not.</p> - -<p><b>wantˈing</b> (wôntˈĭng), lacking.</p> - -<p><b>wanˈton</b> (wŏnˈtŭn), luxuriant.</p> - -<p><b>wapˈi-ti</b> (wŏpˈĭ-tĭ), American stag or elk.</p> - -<p><b>warˈder</b> (wôrˈdẽr), the keeper of the -portcullis.</p> - -<p><b>waˈri-ness born of fear</b> (wāˈrĭ-nĕs), caution -due to fear.</p> - -<p><b>warn’t</b>, dialect for were not.</p> - -<p><b>warp</b> (wôrp), to turn; to freeze.</p> - -<p><b>warˈrant</b> (wŏrˈănt), a commission or document -giving authority to do something; -surety; to declare.</p> - -<p><b>waˈry to a degree</b> (wāˈrĭ), very cautious.</p> - -<p><b>wasˈsail-bout</b> (wŏsˈĭl-bout), drinking -bout.</p> - -<p><b>waˈter-wraith</b> (rāth), spirit of the water.</p> - -<p><b>Wat-ta-waˈmat</b> (wät-tȧ-wäˈmȧt).</p> - -<p><b>watˈtled</b> (wŏtˈ’ld), having wattles or -fleshy growths like a turkey.</p> - -<p><b>waxˈing</b> (wăksˈĭng), growing.</p> - -<p><b>ways be fowl</b>, roads are bad.</p> - -<p><b>ways of naˈtive-dom</b> (nāˈtĭv-dŏm), manners -of the natives.</p> - -<p><b>weal or woe</b> (wēl or wō), good or ill.</p> - -<p><b>Wear</b> (wēr).</p> - -<p><b>wear ship</b> (wâr), to turn the ship.</p> - -<p><b>weary heart upfold</b>, depart with tired -heart, or spirit.</p> - -<p><b>weather-break</b> (wĕthˈẽr-brāk), an obstruction -(rocks, trees, etc.) which -keeps out rain, snow, etc.</p> - -<p><b>weigh their anˈchors</b>, raise the anchors.</p> - -<p><b>welˈkin dome</b> (wĕlˈkĭn), dome of the sky.</p> - -<p><b>well breathed</b>, well spoken.</p> - -<p><b>well-con-diˈtioned</b> (kŏn-dĭshˈŭnd), in -good health.</p> - -<p><b>well ruled</b>, well controlled.</p> - -<p><b>wereˈwolfˌ</b> (wērˈwo͡olfˌ), in old superstition, -a human being turned into a wolf.</p> - -<p><b>Wetˈa-moe</b> (wĕtˈȧ-mō).</p> - -<p><b>wheeled</b> (hwēld), turned.</p> - -<p><b>whiˈlom</b> (hwīˈlŭm), once, formerly.</p> - -<p><b>whimˈsi-cal</b> (hwĭmˈzĭ-kăl), fanciful.</p> - -<p><b>whit</b> (hwĭt), bit.</p> - -<p><b>whole</b> (hōl), well.</p> - -<p><b>wholeˈsome law of the praiˈrie</b>, sound or -practical rule or custom used by travelers -on the prairie.</p> - -<p><b>wideˈly sepˈa-ratˈed in-di-vidˈu-als</b>, -greatly different people.</p> - -<p><b>wide waste of liquid ebony</b> (lĭkˈwĭd -ĕbˈŭn-ĭ), wild black water.</p> - -<p><b>widˈowˈs son.</b> Luke VII, 11-17.</p> - -<p><b>wight</b> (wīt), person.</p> - -<p><b>wild little Poet</b>, untamed little songbird.</p> - -<p><b>wince</b> (wĭns), to shrink, as from a blow.</p> - -<p><b>windˈlass</b> (wĭndˈlȧs), a machine for hoisting.</p> - -<p><b>wind the mellow horn</b>, blow the full-toned -horn.</p> - -<p><b>windˈward</b> (wĭndˈwẽrd), the side from -which the wind blows.</p> - -<p><b>witchˈer-y</b> (wĭchˈẽr-ĭ), witchcraft.</p> - -<p><b>with an inˈspi-raˌtion</b> (ĭnˈspĭ-rāˌshŭn), -with a new idea.</p> - -<p><b>withe</b> (wĭth), a flexible, slender twig.</p> - -<p><b>with unwilling feet</b>, unwillingly.</p> - -<p><b>witˈting-ly</b> (wĭtˈĭng-lĭ), knowingly.</p> - -<p><b>wont</b> (wŭnt; wōnt), habit.</p> - -<p><b>woodˈcraftˌ</b> (wo͡odˈkrȧftˌ), skill and practice -in anything pertaining to the -woods.</p> - -<p><b>woof</b> (wo̅o̅f), the threads that cross the -warp in a woven fabric.</p> - -<p><b>Worcesˈter</b> (wo͡osˈtẽr), a city in England.</p> - -<p><b>world throngs on beneath</b>, people crowd -or press on below.</p> - -<p><b>worming his way</b> (wûrmˈĭng), working -his way slowly.</p> - -<p><b>wormˈwood</b> (wûrmˈwo͡od), common weed.</p> - -<p><b>worˈsted</b> (wo͡osˈtĕd; wo͡orˈstĕd), fine and -soft woollen yarn.</p> - -<p><b>wound</b> (wo̅o̅nd), injury.</p> - -<p><b>wrestˈling</b> (rĕsˈlĭng), a hand-to-hand -combat between two persons.</p> - -<p><b>wroth</b> (rôth), angry.</p> - -<p><b>Wyˈan-dot</b> (wīˈăn-dŏt), Indian pony.</p> - -<p><b>yacht</b> (yŏt), small pleasure boat.</p> - -<p><b>yard</b> (yärd), mast or spar of wood or -steel to hold the sail.</p> - -<p><b>yeoˈman-ry</b> (yōˈmăn-rĭ), the common -people.</p> - -<p><b>Ypres</b> (ēpr).</p> - -<p><b>zeal</b> (zēl), eagerness.</p> - -<p><b>zealˈous</b> (zĕlˈŭs), enthusiastic, ardent.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Junior High School Literature, Book 1, by -William H. 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