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diff --git a/old/54820-0.txt b/old/54820-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index e998868..0000000 --- a/old/54820-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,665 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Brief Account of the English Character, by -Charles Marjoribanks - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Brief Account of the English Character - -Author: Charles Marjoribanks - -Translator: Robert Morrison - -Release Date: May 31, 2017 [EBook #54820] - -Language: Chinese, English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRIEF ACCOUNT--ENGLISH CHARACTER *** - - - - -Produced by Ting Man Tsao - - - - -Brief Account of the English Character -大英國人事略說 - -Compiler's Note 按語 - -Believing in the power of print in converting and -“educating” the Chinese, nineteenth-century European traders and -missionaries invested significant amounts of energy and money in the -dissemination of tracts on the China coast. One of these ephemera was 大英 -國人事略說, "Brief Account of the English Character." It was first drafted in -English by Charles Marjoribanks, president of the English East India -Company’s Select Committee in Canton. Robert Morrison (馬禮遜), a -missionary-cum-sinologist, translated the manuscript into Chinese and -printed hundreds of copies at his 英華書院 (Anglo-Chinese College) in -Malacca (Melaka). In 1832, despite his colleagues’ objection, Marjoribanks -engaged Charles Gutzlaff (郭士立 or 郭實腊), a German missionary, and -Hugh Hamilton Lindsay, the Company’s supercargo, to make an illegal -voyage to China’s coastal waters in order to “ascertain how far the northern -ports of the Chinese empire may be gradually opened to British commerce” -(Ship Amherst [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/871820571], p.3). He asked the -voyagers to load a ship with English products for sale as well as cases of -his pamphlet for distribution. - -What follows is a side-by-side bilingual e-text of the tract. -On the left is Marjoribanks’s English manuscript, anonymously edited and -published in _The Canton Register_ dated July 18, 1832 (廣州紀事報). On the -right is a -complete transcription of the Chinese tract with punctuation added. -Typographical errors in both texts were not corrected. Please -scroll down to see page images of each document; the Chinese tract’s images are -courtesy of Harvard-Yenching Library Chinese Rare Books Digitization Project. - -Besides the edited one in The Canton Register, there is another extant, -unedited manuscript of Marjoribanks's, housed in the British Library. My -earlier work, “Representing ‘Great England’ to Qing China in the Age of -Free Trade Imperialism: The Circulation of a Tract by Charles Marjoribanks -on the China Coast” provides the full text of this manuscript and an -introduction; please visit NINES (Nineteenth Century Scholarship Online): -http://www.nines.org/exhibits/Representing_Great_England?page=1 - - Ting Man Tsao, Ph.D. -Brief Account of the English Character -The Canton Register -[Charles Marjoribanks] -5.10 (July 18, 1832): p.68-69 - -道光十二年壬辰孟春新鐫 -大英國人事略說 -[馬禮遜， Robert Morrison 〔譯〕] -英華書院藏板 - -BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE ENGLISH CHARACTER. - -The English people inhabit a country, at the distance of 16,000 miles from -China;—at least this space is passed over by ships, from the necessity of -their proceeding round the southern continent of Africa. Some idea may be -formed of the spirit and enterprise of a nation, whose vessels traverse so -vast an ocean, in safety and with facility.—They frequently encounter severe -tempests, but from the skill of their officers, and the bold and daring -character of the seamen, ships are rarely lost. Pirates or enemies do not -venture to attack them. They bring the manufactures and productions of -remote countries, and receive in exchange those of China. By this means the -subjects, both of the Chinese and British Empires, are enriched, industry is -greatly encouraged, and men are rendered happy and useful members of -society. - -The English have traded for upwards of two hundred years with China, and -from sixty to eighty vessels under the English flag, are frequently within -twelve months, in the Chinese waters. To how many tens of thousands of -natives does not such a commerce give useful employment! - -The policy of the English government has often in China been most falsely -represented, and it has been stated to be ambitious, and desirous of -increase of territory. No assertion can be more distant from truth. The -dominions of England are already so large, that the policy of the government -is rather to diminish than to enlarge them. Besides the mother country, it -has several valuable possessions in Europe; it has large territories in North -America; and numerous islands in the West Indies. The Cape of Good Hope, -in Africa, belongs to it; it has several prosperous settlements in Australia; -numerous islands in Asia are subject to its rule; and the ancient territory of -Hindostan with all the regions pertaining thereto, is now included in the -British Empire. The small settlements of Penang, Martaban, Malacca, and -Singapore, are those most contiguous to China. The government of so great -an Empire has no thirst for conquest. Its great object and aim is to preserve -its subjects in a condition of happiness and tranquillity. But while most -desirous of doing so, it is very jealous of insult, and ever ready to avenge -oppression and injustice. - -The object and endeavour of the English in China have always been to carry -on a pacific and amicable intercourse, but their anxiety to do so has, on -several occasions, been frustrated. The benevolent disposition of the great -Emperor of China has induced him to state his desire, to treat remote -foreigners with indulgence and consideration: but the Imperial benevolence -of mind has, on several occasions, in past years, been opposed, by -subordinatel officers of his government. Foreigners trading to Canton have -been heavily taxed and oppressed; and commerce has been greatly impeded -by the exactions to which it has been exposed. Natives have repeatedly -been heavily fined and punished, sometimes cruelly tortured and put to -death, for alleged treasonable connection with the English, whose only -object was to conduct a commercial intercourse in tranquillity, and to obey -the Imperial laws. In addition to the government duties, large sums of -money have been forced from native merchants, and bribes have been -received by inferior officers. Both natives and foreigners have been subject -to these oppressions. The Imperial ear is too remote that even the echo of -such things should be heard, for they are often done in darkness and silence; -but the great and enlarged mind of the Emperor can never approve of such -acts on the part of his servants. - -Printed placards have even been affixed to the walls of public buildings, -traducing the foreign character, and encouraging low and degraded natives -to insult strangers who resort to China. Affrays and riots have frequently in -consequence taken place; the public peace has been disturbed, and -commercial intercourse interrupted. How much are the police officers to -blame, who do not put an end to such improper and unjust proceedings! -English sailors are often rude in manner, though kind in disposition. They -cannot bear insult;—hence riots take place, wounds are inflicted, and death -is sometimes the consequence. On board English ships that resort to China, -strict discipline is preserved, and the men are immediately punished, if they -commit violent acts, towards natives or others: but discipline is of little -avail, if low natives are encouraged by low officers, to insult and attack -them. The laws of England make no distinction of persons, and an Englishman -is as severely punished for an act of violence towards a Chinese as he is -for one towards a fellow-countryman. - -The manners and customs of all nations are different. With just allowance -made for such difference, why should not Chinese and Englishmen live -together on terms of friendly cordiality? The commands of the Sovereign of -England to his subjects are, wherever they go in the world, to endeavour to -maintain an amicable and pacific intercourse with the people of the country, -but never to be forgetful of their national name or honor. When Chinese -subjects arrive in England, or in any other part of the English dominions, -they live under the protection of the laws, which are equally administered to -them with the natives of the country. Their wrongs and injuries are all -equally redressed. - -Instead, then, of being encouraged to acts of enmity towards each other, -why should not Chinese and English strive together, which should most excel -in acts of beneficence and kindness? In many instances, natives of China, -who have been found shipwrecked on barren islands, in the midst of the -boisterous ocean, have been saved by the crews of English vessels, — -unfortunate men who must otherwise have perished in want and misery. -British sailors have long been distinguished for such acts of humanity, and -are taught to glory in them, more than even in deeds of war. Yet these are -the persons whom the natives of China are sometimes told, by designing -men, to insult and despise. - -The people of China are highly intelligent, industrious, and prosperous; but -they are not the only people in the World that are so. Ignorant men have -sometimes foolishly taught, that all that is good is centred in China, but that -the rest of the earth is worthless. — How vain and childish is the man who -reasons thus!—If he had visited other countries, he would have discovered, -that Heaven had in its bounty and mercy bestowed manifold blessings on -many other regions of the earth. In England, the people live in tranquility; -their persons and property are protected by the laws; their religion -inculcates peace upon earth and good will towards all men; they have -arrived at a wonderful state of improvement in arts and science, and in the -cultivation of all those means which serve to civilize mankind. They are -feared in times of war, and honored in times of peace. There is no country -with which it is more the interest of China to remain on terms of friendly -intercourse than England. It carries on a great and lucrative commerce with -this Empire, and the confines of its Indian dominions almost border upon -those of China. One river which rises in Yun-nan flows through a portion of -the British territory. - -It is much to the honor of Chinese merchants, that they are strict and -accurate in their commercial dealings, and in some instances have shewn -acts of much liberality to foreigners. The pride of a British merchant is to be -just and liberal in his dealings. The high name and reputation of the English -East India Company in China has long been established; the promise of its -servants is as good as money accurately weighed, and its faith pledged in -any mercantile transaction has never once been broken. Let the people of -China think profoundly upon these things, and not treat lightly persons of -this stamp and character. Let the officers of government, in accordance with -the decrees of the benevolent Emperor of China, treat foreigners with the -respect and consideration to which they are entitled. Then, indeed, will -there be peace, union, and harmony, between the native and British -Community in China. - -A friend to China and England, whose anxious desire is the happiness of his -fellow-men, traces with a feeble pen this hasty and imperfect sketch. - -英吉利國人品國事略說 - -英國人原活之地，距中華有七萬里之遠；即是其船，往南轉亞非里加州 -之大地方，遂來東 北到粵必行這樣遠路。既英國人坐船快捷，安然渡 -行，汎此重大海洋，其敢爲本事可見也。有時 伊遇著狂風大作，但賴 -船主夥長等之善策，梢人之膽行，未幾何致破船之患。又且在洋面海賊 -國 敵等，都不敢向攻也。英國船所帶進口的係遠國之土產之製造各物， -所帶出口者係華夏之茶葉等 貨。如是華、英兩國商人發財裕國，且貧 -民有工夫做得飯食，爲良人度日，享此福矣。 - -英國與中華交易，由來二百年之久，且今每年陸續到粵進口插帶英國旗 -之船，有六十、八 十隻之多。由此貿易豈非數十萬人得有工夫做麼！ -英國國朝之志意，屢被人在東土妄稱及，即有假言，以英國總是多貪廣 -開新地，但謊言莫 大於此。葢英國之地方，現在太多，𡨴可減少，不 -可增多也。除英國母地外，其在歐羅巴亦有貴地 方，在北亞米利加其 -亦有好大地方。又在西忻度其有海島盛多，在亞非里加極南角好望之甲 -爲英 國之屬地。又於太平南洋有屬英國許多發達下落之地方，終者在 -亞西亞州多有海島，且忻都斯垣 古國各地方，皆入英國版圖矣。其最 -近中國屬英國之下落地方爲裨能埠、馬地班埠、馬拉加埠、 與先嘉波 -埠。夫英國朝廷既經有了這多大地方，何得復渴望開新地乎。其所尚者， -特爲養護英民， 享平安納福樂而已。但懷此意時，仍最忌恨被人之欺 -負，且必想報壓治背義之仇也。 - -大清國大皇帝，懷柔遠人之至意，但近年屢次因吏憲不體行上旨，所以 -皇恩不及遠客。且駐 粵外國商人之貿易，因吏員之勒索，多被阻難。 -又且民商因被誣告，以與英國人勾結爲漢奸，則 致罰銀、或拷打、或 -冤獄、斃命皆有之。但英國人特願照例買賣，公道貿易，納餉而已，何 -奸情 之有哉。又且正餉外，洋商多被勒索銀両，且有下吏暗中要賄賂 -陋規，如是內商與遠商均被壓害。 葢皇上耳朶離粵省遙遠，致事之應 -聲，亦不得聽聞，因所陳敝端，多在黑陰匿偶而作矣。不然何 得上志 -宏大者，依允下吏之妄爲乎。 - -又一層，或時揭貼街上，有臭諭詈罵遠客，謊言暗指，以逆性之惡行， -致惹賤民欺凌遠客。 且緣此起有滋生鬬歐傷殺等敝，及終停止貿易， -阻害公幹，但此患豈非衙門辦理不善所致乎！ 英國水手雖外形似粗， -內懷尚存仁溫之心。但伊耐不得受人凌辱，所以民人非禮言行時，致 -滋事釀出命案。抵粵之英國各船上有嚴束水手人等之例，倘強害何人， -不論民人與否，必要治其 罪。但既有衙吏放縱賤民，任意欺凌遠客， -則船上嚴束未致盡免鬧事也。照英國法律，不分內外 人色，其加害于 -外國人，或于英民者，治其罪同爲一例，皆准上衙自白其理，亦准給律 -師爲助遠 客之意。 - -夫各國風俗大同小異，但雖其內有相異者，曉事達理之人可能彼比相恕， -則清、英兩國人， 何不友心和睦交易乎。英國帝君常令其眾民以不論 -往向通天下何處，務要力試與各國人守友睦之 往來。惟總不可忘記英 -國之美名之貴體等意，或遇清國人到英國各地方，皆准之安住，似英民 -一 般，故無人敢欺之害之，而未蒙官吏伸其冤也。 - -既然情由如此，何苦要惹彼此相敵乎，何不彼此力勸自勉，相爭前進， -看誰可出上頭，爲仁 慈恩愛之行作矣。即如向來屢次遇清國難水手， -在大洋中荒州破船處，蒙英國水手爭先向救，遂 帶回中華，送到父母 -妻子等。倘非如此，該人無奈在彼海島餓死。比等仁情，是英國水手以 -爲可 榮，過於上陳殺賊之功矣。尚且世上有奸人妄指英國水手可爲欺 -凌藐視，豈不可惡哉。 - -清國人民爲高明勤工興旺者，但普天下非獨清人爲如此。素有無智之人 -愚，然教以所有之美 好人物盡在中國，其餘他國爲賤陋，無值何也。 -但人有如是之教訓，則何等徒虛小兒之見哉。倘 該人經往至天下別國， -則可見天心無私，乃恩慈公同賜于地球各方，盛多美物。即英國一處， -人 民太平安居，親體財物皆爲法律所護，無人敢侵害。又英人所奉救 -世主耶穌之教，特諭訓以于地 神賜太平，且恩意向眾生矣。英人經大 -進格物技藝文墨詩書之學，可令人雅緻禮義聖善之德行也。 英人於用 -兵時被人之畏，於息兵時被人之貴，所有各國內清國該修好者，英國爲 -第一也。其年來 之貿易爲重大，其邊界近乎昆連，即雲南省發的一條 -河，流英國一所地方，而入大海。 - -清國商人多爲公平勤功辦事，且或時向遠商有仁義大量之厚行。英國商 -人所以爲貴者，係公 道豐厚交易，即如英國公班衙，派人駐粵貿易者， -由來已久，有名聲矣。其主事人等，所應許爲 妥當，若經照數收銀両 -全完，則向來做生理，伊所應承，從未一次反口。茲請大清國人民，深 -想 上陳之各條，不要經視這種才具品行之人，且奉官職者，宜敬體大 -皇帝厚待禮接遠人之至意。則 果然將來在中華之英人與內地人民，固 -爲彼此友見和睦，各安本業享福矣。 - -華、英兩國之友，特願我人類眾生，皆可享真福者，用軟且怱手此筆。 - -大英國人事略說終 -____________________________________ - -[Pages images of the above two document inserted here in the HTML version -of this eBook.] - -____________________________________ - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Brief Account of the English Character, by -Charles Marjoribanks - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRIEF ACCOUNT--ENGLISH CHARACTER *** - -***** This file should be named 54820-0.txt or 54820-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/8/2/54820/ - -Produced by Ting Man Tsao -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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