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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/54717-0.zip b/54717-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 9938fff..0000000 --- a/54717-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/54717-h.zip b/54717-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index b85cb32..0000000 --- a/54717-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8cdba30 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #54717 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/54717) diff --git a/old/54717-0.txt b/old/54717-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 353bf17..0000000 --- a/old/54717-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3144 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Two Dramatizations from Vergil , by Virgil, -Translated by Frank Justus Miller - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Two Dramatizations from Vergil - I. Dido--the Phœnecian Queen; II. The Fall of Troy - - -Author: Virgil - - - -Release Date: May 14, 2017 [eBook #54717] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO DRAMATIZATIONS FROM VERGIL *** - - -E-text prepared by Richard Tonsing, Juliet Sutherland, Jane Robins, and -the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) - - - -Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this - file which includes audio files and the original - sheet music and illustrations for staging. - See 54717-h.htm or 54717-h.zip: - (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54717/54717-h/54717-h.htm) - or - (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54717/54717-h.zip) - - -Transcriber's note: - - Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). - - - - - -TWO DRAMATIZATIONS FROM VERGIL - - - * * * * * * - -THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS -CHICAGO, ILLINOIS - -THE BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY -NEW YORK - -THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS -LONDON - -THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA -TOKYO, OSAKA, KYOTO, FUKUOKA, SENDAI - -THE MISSION BOOK COMPANY -SHANGHAI - - * * * * * * - - -TWO DRAMATIZATIONS FROM VERGIL - -I. DIDO—The Phœnician Queen - -II. THE FALL OF TROY - -Arranged and Translated into English Verse - -by - -FRANK JUSTUS MILLER - -Author of _The Tragedies of Seneca, Translated into English Verse_ - -The Stage Directions and Music for the DIDO Are Contributed By - -J. Raleigh Nelson - - - - - - -[Illustration] - -The University of Chicago Press -Chicago, Illinois - -Copyright 1908 by -Frank Justus Miller - -All Rights Reserved - -Published September 1908 -Second Impression April 1913 -Third Impression March 1917 -Fourth Impression January 1920 -Fifth Impression August 1924 - -Composed and Printed By -The University of Chicago Press -Chicago, Illinois U.S.A. - - - - - PREFACE - - -The epic is a drama on gigantic scale; its acts are years or centuries; -its actors, heroes; its stage, the world of life; its events, those -mighty cycles of activity that leave their deep impress on human -history. Homer’s epics reënact the stirring scenes of the ten years’ -siege of Troy, and the perilous, long wanderings of Ulysses before he -reached his home; Vergil’s epic action embraces the fall of Troy and the -never-ending struggles of Æneas and his band of exiles till Troy should -rise again in the western world; Tasso pictures the heroic war of -Godfrey and his crusaders, who strove to free the holy city of -Jerusalem; and Milton, ignoring all bounds of time and space, fills his -triple stage of heaven, earth, and hell with angels, men, and devils, -all working out the most stupendous problems of human destiny. - -Such gigantic dramas could be presented on no human stage. But in them -all are lesser actions of marked dramatic possibility. Notable among -these are the events culminating in the death of Hector, the home coming -of Ulysses and his destruction of the suitors, Satan’s rebellion and -expulsion from heaven, and the temptation and fall of man. All these -furnish abundant material for the tragic stage; but all leave much to be -supplied of speech and action before the full-rounded drama could take -form. In the _Æneid_ alone is found, among the minor parts which make up -the epic whole, a dramatic action well-nigh complete—the love story of -Æneas and Dido. - -The ordinary student of Vergil is too much engrossed with an intensive -study of the text, and has too near a view of the poem, to appreciate -how fully this story is worked out in detail; how its speech, action, -and events all lead to a dramatic climax. There is need only here and -there of an interpolated lyric upon some suggested theme, a bit of -Vergil’s description of action or feeling expressed in the actor’s -words, an interjected line to relieve the strain of too long speech—all -else is Vergil’s own, ready to be lifted out of its larger epic setting -and portrayed upon the stage. - -In arranging and translating this epic tragedy, the authors have made -only such minor additions and alterations of the original as seemed -necessary from the dramatic point of view. Prominent among these are the -introduction of lyrics at certain points, the obviously necessary -curtailing of the banquet scene by the omission of the long narrative of -Æneas, and the removal behind the scenes of the final tragedy of Dido’s -suicide. The lyrical parts have been set to original music in sympathy -with the themes; stage action and scenery are suggested by outline -drawings of the different settings; and idealized figures and costumes -are reproduced from ancient vases and bas-reliefs. These figures have, -in some cases, been assigned by scholars to other subjects; but they may -be taken, for the purposes of the present work, as illustrative of the -characters designated. - -With full consciousness of the shortcomings of the work, but with the -hope also of assisting the student in school and home to a fuller -appreciation of the power and beauty of Vergil, this volume is -respectfully presented to the public. - - - - - PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION - - -The first edition of this volume, containing only the _Dido: An Epic -Tragedy_, a dramatization of the love story of Æneas and Dido, was -published in 1900, and met with a gratifying success. Teachers of Vergil -have found the book an interesting supplement to their study and -presentation of the text; and in numerous instances high-school and -college classes have staged the play with most excellent results. - -The book has been out of print for several years; but the continued -demand from teachers who desire to use it has made a second edition -desirable. This is accordingly offered in the present volume, under a -new title, and containing a second dramatization from Vergil—this from -the second _Æneid_, the story of the Fall of Troy. - - F. J. M. - - CHICAGO, 1908 - - - - - I - Dido—The Phœnician Queen - - - - - THE ARGUMENT - - -_For ten years the Greeks had besieged Troy, and on the tenth they took -and utterly destroyed that ancient city. The inhabitants who had escaped -captivity and the sword, wandered in exile to many quarters of the -earth. Now the chief band of exiles was led by Æneas, son of Venus and -Anchises, and son-in-law of Priam, king of Troy._ - -_After many adventures on land and sea, Æneas came, in the sixth year, -to Sicily, where he was kindly entertained by Acestes, king of that -land, and where his aged father died and was buried. Thence setting sail -in the summer of the seventh year, he approached the shores of Africa. -Here a violent storm arose which scattered and all but destroyed the -Trojan ships. Æneas, with a number of his companions, was cast upon a -desert coast, where they passed the night in gloomy forebodings. In the -early morning, Æneas and Achates set forth to explore the land, and came -to the newly founded city of Carthage._ - -_Now Phœnician Dido, also, with a band of exiles, had fled from her -native Tyre, to escape the persecutions of her brother, Pygmalion, who -had already slain Sychæus, her husband. And to the land of Africa had -she come, and built her a city, even the city of Carthage._ - -_And so these two, Æneas, prince of Troy, and Dido, fugitive from Tyre, -now meet in distant Africa and live the tragedy which fate has held in -store._ - - - - - THE PERSONS OF THE DRAMA - - - ÆNEAS, prince of Troy, and leader of the Trojan exiles. - ACHATES, confidential friend of Æneas. - ILIONEUS, a Trojan noble. - DIDO, the queen of Carthage. - ANNA, sister of Dido. - BARCE, nurse of Dido. - IOPAS, a Carthaginian minstrel. - IARBAS, a Moorish prince, suitor for the hand of Dido. - JUNO, queen of Jupiter and protectress of the Carthaginians, hostile - to Troy. - VENUS, the goddess of love, mother of Æneas, and protectress of the - Trojans. - CUPID, son of Venus, god of love. - MERCURY, the messenger of Jupiter. - Maidens, Courtiers, Soldiers, Attendants, Servants, etc., in Dido’s - train. - Nobles, Sailors, etc., in the band of Æneas. - - - - - THE PRELUDE - - - [For music, see p. 57] - - Arma virumque cano, Troiæ qui primus ab oris - Italiam, fato profugus, Lavinaque venit - Litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto - Vi superum, sævæ memorem Iunonis ob iram, - Multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem, - Inferretque deos Latio: genus unde Latinum - Albanique patres atque altæ mœnia Romæ. - Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine læso, - Quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus - Insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores - Impulerit. Tantæne animis cælestibus iræ? - - - - - ACT I - - - - - Dido—The Phœnician Queen - - - ACT I. SCENE 1 - -[Illustration] - -Early morning; the open square before the temple of Juno on a height -near Carthage. In the distance (see cut, 1, 2, 3) appear mountains, and -at their foot lies the city, clustered about the harbor where ships are -riding at anchor. The effect of elevation is increased by the unfinished -columns and the tree-tops just showing above the low marble wall which -encloses the square. This scene (4) is set nearer than 1, 2, 3, to -increase the perspective. - -At the first wing on the right (5), a colonnade, leading to a flight of -steps, forms the entrance from the city below. On the same side, along -the wall, is a broad marble seat (6), shaded by a wild crab tree, pink -with bloom. The dark rug on the step before it is strewn with fallen -petals. On the left is the front of the temple (7). Two large columns of -white marble flank three broad steps leading to the platform. Above -these columns, the architrave bears a frieze representing scenes from -the Trojan war. Before the temple door is an altar on which fire is -burning. - -At the rise of the curtain, a chorus of Carthaginian maidens, clad in -white, are seen kneeling before the altar on the temple steps; they sing -a greeting to the dawn. - - - _Hymn to the Dawn_ - - [For music, see p. 61] - - Wake, Aurora, Wake! - Come, rosy-fingered goddess of the dawn, - The saffron couch of old Tithonus scorning; - Fling wide the golden portals of the morning, - And bid the gloomy mists of night be gone. - - Hail, Aurora, Hail! - The dewy stars have sped their silent flight, - The fuller glories of thy rays expecting; - With rosy beauty from afar reflecting, - Thy Orient steeds come panting into sight. - - Rise, Apollo, Rise! - Send forth thy healing rays to greet the world, - Upon the lands thy blessed radiance streaming; - Arise, and fling afar, in splendor gleaming, - The banners of thy golden light unfurled. - -Enter Æneas and Achates, on their way into the city, evidently attracted -hither by the singing. Æneas is resplendent in full armor. Achates wears -the Phrygian costume: long trousers of brown, a tunic of deep old blue, -ornate with embroidered patterns in gold and purple thread; over this a -traveling cloak of brown. He carries two spears. The maidens withdraw -and as their voices grow fainter Æneas and Achates kneel before the -altar. The light brightens. A bugle call in the distance rouses them -from their devotion. They arise. Enter Venus, dressed as a huntress. - -_Venus_ (_Æneid_, I. 321-324): - - I crave your grace, good sirs. If my attendant maids - Have chanced to wander hither, quiver-girt, and clad - In tawny robes of fur, the trophies of the chase, - Or with triumphant shouts close pressing in pursuit - The foaming boar,—I fain would know their course. - -_Æneas_ (326-334): - - Fair maid, - No huntress of thy train have we beheld, nor heard - The clamor of their chase.—But oh, no mortal maid - Art thou! Th’ immortal beauty of thy face and voice - Proclaim thee goddess. Art thou Phœbus’ sister then? - Or some fair nymph? Whoe’er thou art, we crave _thy_ grace: - Be merciful and tell beneath what sky at length, - Upon what shores we ‘re tossed. For ignorant of men - And land we wander, driven on by wind and wave - In vast conspiracy. - Full many a victim slain - Upon thine altars shall repay thine aid. - -_Venus_ (335-350): - - For me, - I claim no homage due the gods. Behold a maid - Of ancient Tyre, with quiver girt and feet high shod - With purple buskin—such our country’s garb. Thou seest - Before thee Punic realms; the city and its men - Are both alike Phœnician; but around them lie - The borders of the Libyans, hardy race, unmatched - In war. The city owns the sway of Dido, late - Escaped from Tyre and from her brother’s threat’nings. Long - The story of her wrongs, and devious its way; - But here I ‘ll trace the outline of her history. - Her husband was Sychæus, of his countrymen - The richest far in wide possessions; well beloved - By his ill-fated bride was he, whose virgin hand - In wedlock’s primal rite her sire had given him. - But Tyre’s domain Pygmalion her brother held, - Surpassing all in crime. Between these Tyrian lords - A deadly feud arose. With impious hand and blind - With love of gold, Pygmalion, at the altar-side, - With stealthy, unsuspected stroke Sychæus slew; - And little recked he of his sister’s doting love. - -_Æneas_ (III. 56, 57): - - O awful, quenchless thirst of gold! ‘T was ever thus - That thou hast spurred the hearts of men to deeds of blood. - -_Venus_ (I. 351-370): - - He long concealed the deed with wanton, feigned excuse, - And mocked his sister, sick at heart, with empty hopes. - In vain: for in the visions of the night the shade, - The pallid shade of her unburied husband came; - The cruel altar and his piercèd breast he showed, - And all the hidden guilt of that proud house revealed. - He bade her speed her flight and leave her fatherland, - And showed, to aid her cause, deep buried in the earth, - An ancient treasure, store of silver and of gold - Uncounted. - Thus forewarned the queen prepared her flight - And bade her comrades join her enterprise. They came, - Whom hatred or consuming terror of the prince - Inspired. A fleet of ships at anchor chanced to lie - In waiting. These they seized and quickly filled with gold; - Pygmalion’s treasure, heaped with greedy care, was reft - Away upon the sea, a woman leading all. - They reached at last the place where now the mighty walls - And newly rising citadel of Carthage stand. - But who and whence are ye? and whither do ye fare? - -_Æneas_ (372-385): - - O goddess, if beginning at the first the tale - Of direful woes on land and deep I should relate, - The day, before my story’s end, would sink to rest. - From Troy (perchance the name of Troy has reached your ears) - Borne over many seas, the fitful tempest’s will - Has brought us to these shores. - Æneas am I called, - The Pious, for that in my ships I ever bear - My country’s gods, snatched from our burning Troy. My fame - O’erleaps the stars. My quest is Italy, a land - And race that mighty Jove hath promised me. For this, - With score of vessels staunch I braved the Phrygian sea, - By Venus’ star directed and by fate impelled. - But oh, alas for Venus’ star, alas for fate! - Scarce seven shattered barks survive the waves, and I— - And I, a beggared stranger, wander helpless here, - A fugitive from all the world. - -_Venus_ (387-401): - - Whoe’er thou art, - Full sure am I the gods must love thee well, since thou - Through dangers manifold hast reached this Tyrian realm. - But haste thee and with heart of cheer seek out the queen. - For lo, thy friends are rescued and thy fleet restored, - Unless in vain my parents taught me augury. - For see, those joyous swans are fluttering to the earth, - Which, swooping from the sky, but now the bird of Jove - Was harrying. As they, with fluttering wings and cries - Of joy regain the earth, so, by this token know, - Thy ships and comrades even now are safe in port, - Or with full sails the harbor’s mouth are entering. - Then fare thee on, and follow where the path of fate - May lead. - -As Venus vanishes from the temple steps she is illumined in rosy light. - -_Æneas_ (402-409): - - Achates, see the bright refulgent glow - Upon her face! ‘T is light divine! And from her locks - Ambrosial, heavenly odors breathe! Her garments sweep - In stately folds, and she doth walk, a goddess all, - With tread majestic! - Lo, ‘t is Venus’ self! O stay, - My heavenly mother, stay! Why dost thou, cruel too, - So often mock thy son with borrowed semblances? - Why may we not join hands, each in his proper self, - And speak the words of truth? Ah me! She’s vanished quite, - And I am left forlorn!— - -Deeply moved, he follows her vanishing figure. - -_Achates_, seeking to divert Æneas, leads him to the parapet and points -out to him the life awakening in the city below (422-429). - - Behold this city with its gates and mighty walls, - And well-paved streets, where even now the Tyrians - With eager zeal press on their various toil. See there, - Some build the citadel and heave up massive stones - With straining hands; while some a humbler task essay, - And trace the furrow round their future homes. Behold, - Within the harbor others toil, and here thou seest - The deep foundations of the theater, where soon - Shall rise huge columns, stately set, to deck the scene. - -_Æneas_(430-437): - - Yea all, like busy bees throughout the flowery mead, - Are all astir with eager toil. O blessed toil! - O happy ye, whose walls already rise! But I,— - When shall I see _my_ city and my city’s walls? - -He remains in deep dejection. - -_Achates_, observing the pediment of the temple itself (456-458): - - But here, O friend, behold, in carvèd imagery, - Our Trojan battles one by one, that mighty strife - Whose fame has filled the world. Here see Achilles fierce, - The sons of Atreus,—and, alas, our fallen king! - -_Æneas_, deeply affected (459-463): - - What place, Achates, what far corner of the world - Is not o’erburdened with our woes? O fallen King, - E’en here our glorious struggle wins its meed of praise, - And those our mortal hopes defeated and o’erthrown, - Are mourned by human tears. - Therefore our present cares - Let us dismiss. This fame shall bring us safety too. - -_Achates_, continuing to examine the pediment (467, 468): - - See how the Greeks are fleeing, pressed by Trojan youth! - While here, alas, our warriors flee Achilles’ might. - -_Æneas_ (469-478): - - And here behold the ill-starred Rhesus’ white-winged tents, - Where fierce Tydides slays his sleeping foe; and drives - Those snowy steeds to join the Grecian camp, before - They graze in Trojan meadows or the Xanthus drink. - Alas poor Troilus, I see thee too, ill-matched - With great Achilles. Prone thou liest within thy car, - While in the dust thy comely locks and valiant spear - Are basely trailed. - -_Achates_ (479-482): - - Here to Minerva’s temple come - Our Trojan dames with suppliant mien and votive gifts; - With locks dishevelled, self-inflicted blows, and tears; - But all for naught. All unappeased the goddess stands - With stern averted face, nor will she heed their prayers. - -_Æneas_ (483-487): - - Thrice round the walls of Troy the fell Achilles drags - The body of my friend.—O Hector, Hector! Here - He sells thy lifeless body for accursed gold, - While aged Priam stretches forth his helpless hands. - -_Achates_ (488-497): - - And here behold thyself amid the Grecian chiefs - In combat raging. See the swarthy Memnon’s arms, - And that fierce maid, who, clad in gleaming armor, dares - To lead her Amazons and mingle in the fray. - -Music is heard in the distance, flutes and zithers leading a chorus. - - But hark! The distant strains of music greet my ear, - As of some stately progress fitly timed with flute - And zither. - See, it is the queen, who with her band - Of chosen youths and maidens hither takes her way. - -_Æneas_ (498-501): - - How like Diana when she leads her bands by swift - Eurotas, or on Cynthus green, while round her press - A thousand graceful creatures of the wood; but she, - With shoulder quiver-girt, a very goddess moves - With stately tread among the lesser beings of - Her train. To such an one I liken yonder queen. - -They conceal themselves in the foreground behind the columns of the -temple. Dido, accompanied by her bands of courtiers, crosses the stage -and ascends the temple steps. She seats herself on the throne which has -been placed for her at the temple door. - -Dido throughout this act is dressed in white, the symbol of her -widowhood. Her dress, worn without himation, is of light filmy stuff -draped in the Greek style, and unornamented save for a border of gold -thread. Anna wears a dress of delicate blue, elaborately embroidered -about the edges with a Greek pattern in gold thread. Her himation, -wrapped gracefully about her, is a tender shade of rose pink. - -In Dido’s train all classes are represented, gayly dressed courtiers, -soldiers, and peasants. The men wear cloaks of dark blue and of rich -brown over their tunics. The women are clad in dresses of cream color, -pink, and faint green. - -When all are on the stage, the general effect should be a mingling of -pink, blue, brown, green, and white, which harmonize with the tints of -the marble, of the flowering crab tree, the blue sky, and the purple -mountains. - -Suddenly Ilioneus and his following of Trojans appear. They wear the -Phrygian costume, but over it the long brown traveling cloak. The -singing ceases, the guards lower their spears, and great excitement -reigns. - -_Æneas_, aside (509, 510): - - Achates, can it be? What! Antheus, and our brave - Cloanthus and Sergestus too? - -_Achates_, aside (511-514): - - Yea, all our friends - Whose ships the raging storm hath parted from our fleet - And driven far away. O joy! Come, let us go - And grasp their hands in greeting. - -_Æneas_, aside (515-521): - - Nay, not so, for still - Our fortune in the balance hangs. Here let us see - What fate befalls our friends, where they have left their fleet, - And why they hither come. For chosen messengers - In suppliant aspect do they seek this sacred fane, - While round them rage the mob.—But see, Ilioneus speaks. - -Dido has arisen and with a gesture bids the soldiers stand aside. She -sends a page to lead Ilioneus to her throne. Ilioneus kneels before her; -she extends the scepter, which he touches. - -_Ilioneus_, rising and standing before the queen (522-558): - - O Queen to whom the king of heav’n hath given to found - A city and to curb proud nations with the reins - Of law, we Trojans in our need, the sport of winds - On every sea, implore thee, spare a pious race - And look, we pray, with nearer view upon our cause. - We have not come to devastate with fire and sword - The Libyan homes, or fill our ships with plundered stores. - Such violence and such high-handed deeds a race - By fate o’ercome may not attempt. There is a place, - Hesperia the Greeks have named it, ancient, rich - In heroes, and of fertile soil. Œnotrians - Once held the land; but now, as rumor goes, their sons - In honor of their mighty leader have the place - Italia called. To this our seaward course was bent: - When suddenly, upstarting from the deep, all charged - With tempests, did Orion on the shallows drive - Our vessels, with the aid of boisterous winds and waves, - Through boiling, overtopping floods and trackless reefs, - And put us utterly to rout. To these thy shores - A few of us have drifted. But alas! what race - Of men is this? What land permits such savage deeds - As these? We are refused the barren refuge of - The sandy shore; they seek a cause for mortal strife, - And will not that we set our feet upon the land. - What though the human race and mortal arms are naught - To thee; be sure that gods regard the evil and - The good. We had a king, Æneas, more than peer - Of all in justice, piety, and warrior’s might. - If by decree of fate he still survives, if still - He draws the vital air of heav’n, and lies not low - Amid the gloomy shades, fear not, and let it not - Repent thee that in deeds of mercy thou didst strive - To be the first. We still possess both towns and lands - Upon Sicilia’s isle; Acestes too, renowned, - And born of Trojan blood, is ours. Our only prayer, - That we may draw our shattered fleet upon the shore, - And in the forest shade renew our weakened beams - And broken oars. That thus, if to Italia’s realms, - Our comrades and our king regained, ‘t is ours again - To hold our way, with joy we may that selfsame land - And Latium’s borders seek. But if in vain our hope, - And if, loved father of the Teucri, thou art held - By Libya’s billows and no more we may upon - Iulus rest our hopes, then let us seek the land - And homes reserved for us, whence, setting sail, we came - To these thy hostile shores, and make Acestes king. - -Shouts of applause from the Trojans. - -_Dido_, with modest bearing (562-578): - - Let not a fear disturb your souls, O Teucrians; - Away with all your cares. My cruel fortune and - My yet unstable throne compel me thus to guard - My bounds with wide and jealous watch. Who knows not well - Æneas and his race, their city Troy, their brave, - Heroic deeds? Who has not seen the far-off flames - Of their great war? We carry not such brutish hearts - Within our breasts, nor yet does Phœbus yoke his steeds - So far from this our land. Seek you the mighty west, - The land of Saturn’s reign, or where your foster-king, - Acestes, rules within Sicilia’s borders? Lo, - In safety will I send you forth and gird you with - My aid. Or would you share with me this realm? Behold, - The city which I build is yours. Draw up your ships. - To Trojan and to Tyrian will I favor show - In equal measure. Would that your Æneas’ self, - Conducted by the same o’er-mastering gale, were here! - My messengers along the shore will I despatch, - And bid them search the farthest bounds of Libya, - If he in wood or city, rescued from the waves, - May chance to stray. - -She despatches courtiers to seek Æneas. Æneas and Achates, meantime, are -greatly agitated by her words. - -_Achates_, to Æneas, aside (582-585): - - Æneas, what thy purpose now? - Thou seest all is well. Thy fleet and captains all, - Save one, are rescued. One we saw ourselves o’erwhelmed - Within the deep. All else thy mother’s prophecy - Upholds. - -At this, Æneas suddenly reveals himself, to the great surprise of both -Trojans and Carthaginians. - -_Æneas_, to Dido (595-609): - - O Queen, before thee, whom thou wouldst behold, am I, - Æneas, Prince of Troy, late rescued from the waves - Of Libya. O thou, who only o’er the woes, - The dreadful woes of Troy hast wept, who to thy town - And home dost welcome us, the leavings of the Greeks, - Who every peril of the land and sea have faced, - And lost our all: we may not thank thee worthily, - O Queen, nor yet the Trojan race, what remnant still - In distant lands in exile wanders. May the gods - A fitting gift bestow upon thee; if indeed - They feel a true regard for pious souls, if e’er - The truth and conscious virtue aught avail. But thee— - What blessed age, what mighty parents gave thee birth? - Whate’er my fate, while to the sea the rivers flow, - While o’er the mountains’ rounded sides the shadows drift, - While on the plains of heav’n the stars shall feed, so long - Thine honor and thy name and praises shall abide. - -The queen is silent with amazement, while Æneas greets his friends amid -general rejoicing. - -_Dido_, recovering from her astonishment (615-630): - - What fate, thou son of heav’n, decrees these perils vast? - And what the power that drives thee on our savage shores? - And art thou that Æneas whom to Ilium’s prince, - Anchises, on the bank of Phrygian Simois, - The kindly Venus bore? And now do I recall - That Teucer once to Sidon came as suppliant; - For exiled from his native Salamis he came. - ‘T was at the time when fertile Cyprus bowed beneath - My father’s might, and by the victor’s sway was held. - From that time on, thy name, and all the Grecian kings, - And the fortunes of thy city have been known to me. - Nay, Teucer’s self, though foeman, sang the praise of Troy, - And said that he himself from ancient Trojan stock - Had sprung. - Wherefore, O princes, come and make my halls - Your own. An equal fate has willed that I, like you, - The sport of many toils, should find a resting place - Within this land. With grief acquainted, I have learned - To comfort hapless wanderers oppressed with grief. - -They prepare to leave the scene. Dido despatches men to bear gifts to -the Trojan fleet, and proclaims a banquet for the ensuing night in honor -of Æneas and the Trojan princes. - -_Æneas_, to Achates (643-655): - - Go, speed thee, friend, to where, upon the sandy beach, - Our comrades camp about the ships. This joyful news - To young Ascanius bear, and bid him come with thee - To Dido’s town. - - Exit Achates. - -To other Trojans: - - Go ye, and fetch from out the ships - The treasures that we saved from Ilium’s fall: the robe, - Stiff wrought with golden pattern, and the flowing veil - All interwov’n with bright acanthus’ yellow bloom, - Those beauteous robes of price which Argive Helen brought - From rich Mycenæ when to Pergama she came, - Her mother’s wondrous gift. And bring the scepter fair - Which once Ilione, the eldest daughter of - Our monarch, bore; the pearl-set necklace, and the crown, - Its double golden circlet spangled o’er with gems. - -The Trojans withdraw to do his bidding. The music sounds, and as the -entire court moves from the scene, Dido sends some of her maidens back -to throw incense upon the flames. They kneel upon the steps and Anna -advances to the altar. As the smoke ascends, Dido and Æneas turn to -follow the rest. Curtain. - - - ACT I. SCENE 2 - -A place in the deep, green forest. Ferns and flowers strew the ground -and the sunlight falls through the branches in flecks of gold. In the -foreground are two great moss-grown rocks, on one of which sits Cupid, -draped with garlands of wild flowers, shooting his arrows at a -heart-shaped target hung from the branches of a tree in the center of -the stage. At one side sits Venus, absorbed in deep, troubled -meditation. She has resumed the flowing draperies befitting a goddess. -Pink or canary yellow will harmonize with the scene. - -_Venus_ (657-662): - - Ah me! I fear this Tyrian hospitality; - For well I know their faithless hearts and lying tongues. - And ever, mid the anxious watches of the night, - The savage threats of Juno agitate my soul. - If only this fair queen might feel the pulse of love - For this my hero son, then would her purposes - Of amity be fixed, and my anxiety - Be set at rest.—But how accomplish my design? - -Suddenly her face is lighted with a new thought. She goes to Cupid and -addresses him with insinuating gentleness. - -_Venus_, to Cupid (664-688): - - O son, my comrade and my only source of might, - O thou, who scorn’st the giant-slaying darts of Jove, - To thee I come and humbly pray thy fav’ring aid. - How on the sea, from land to land, thy brother fares, - Pursued by Juno’s unrelenting hate, is known - To thee, and often hast thou mingled in my grief. - Now Tyrian Dido holds him, and with fawning words - Delays his course; and much do I distrust and fear - The shelter which our envious rival Juno gives. - For, in this pregnant crisis of affairs, be sure - She will be active. Wherefore now my mind is bent - With wiles to take the queen, ere Juno steel her heart, - And hold her fast in passion’s net; that at the hest - Of Juno she her present purpose may not change, - But by a mighty love for this her Trojan guest - She may be bound to work my will. - Now hear thy part: - Obedient to the summons of his doting sire, - The youthful prince Ascanius goes to Dido’s town - With gifts which Ocean and the flames of Troy have spared; - Him, lapped in sleep, will I to far Cythera bear, - Or hide him in my sacred fane on Ida’s top, - Lest he should know what we intend, and thwart our plans. - Do thou, if only for a night, assume the form - Of young Ascanius, that, when the queen with joy - To her embrace shall take thee, when amid the wine - And feasting she shall hold thee in her arms and kiss - Thy lips, thou mayst inflame her unsuspecting heart - With the subtle fires of love. - -As she unfolds her plan, Cupid is filled with delight. He struts up and -down, comically imitating Ascanius. When his mother has finished, he -hastens to pick up his scattered arrows, puts them in his quiver, and -struts off, looking back for his mother’s smile of approval. Curtain. - - - ACT I. SCENE 3 - -[Illustration] - -A banquet hall in Dido’s palace. Across the back of the stage is a -colonnade (2), raised above the level of the hall. Through the columns -there is a view (1) out over the moonlit sea. Two broad steps lead from -the colonnade to a landing, from which again three steps at each side -descend to the level of the hall (3). At the second wing (4) on each -side, curtained doorways open into the side rooms, from which the -servants hurry with viands for the table. At the first wing (5), half -columns form the corner of the wall. In the center a sort of triclinium -(6) is set for the feast, a broad, three-sided table flanked by couches -upholstered in Tyrian purple and having pillows of blue and gold. - -When the curtain rises, the moonlight is streaming down through the -columns upon the scene. A tripod burns before the triclinium. Otherwise -there is no light except as it flashes from the side rooms when the -curtains are parted for an instant. Servants are strewing the banquet -table with flowers and bringing in dishes of gold. - -The antique bronze lamps, hung between the columns, are lighted one by -one, till the scene is brilliant with light and color. - -Music is heard within. The servants hastily finish their work. The royal -party enters along the colonnade. Dido is still clad in white, but Anna -and the other ladies of the court have assumed himations of royal -purple, royal blue, brilliant yellow, and deep green. Æneas has laid -aside his helmet and greaves, but still wears his breastplate of mail, -although he carries on his shoulder a cloak of royal purple. - -The Carthaginians are more elaborately and richly dressed than in the -first scene. The Trojans have put aside their outer cloaks, and wear -tunics gayly embroidered in colors. The servants wear tunics of white. - -The guests recline upon the couches. Æneas is in the seat of honor, -while Dido has placed the supposed Ascanius upon the couch at her side. -Many of the Carthaginians and the Trojans fill the hall. - -Dido rises. There is silence through the room. She intones the -invocation. - -_Dido_ (731-735): - - [For music, see p. 69] - - O Jove, thou lord of gods and men, since ‘t is from thee - The rites of hospitality proceed, ordain - That this may be a day of joy to us of Tyre - And these the Trojan exiles; let its fame go down - To our descendants. May the god of wine and joy, - And fost’ring Juno grace and celebrate the day. - -The entire company repeats the invocation in unison. When they have -finished, all bow and Dido pours forth the libation upon the table. -Touching the cup to her lips, she passes it to the guests of honor. - -While the cup is passing about, Iopas and his chorus sing. - - _Song of Iopas_ (suggested by 740-746) - - [For music, see p. 72] - - I - - Of the orb of the wandering moon I sing, - As she wheels through the darkening skies; - Where the storm-brooding band of the Hyades swing, - And the circling Triones arise; - Of the sun’s struggling ball - Which the shadows appall - Till the menacing darkness flies; - - 2 - - Of the all-potent forces that dwell in the air, - With its measureless reaches of blue; - The soft floating clouds of gossamer there, - And the loud-wailing storm-rack too; - Of the rain and the winds - And the lightning that blinds - When its swift-darting bolt flashes through; - - 3 - - Of the marvels deep hid in the bowels of earth, - In the dark caves of Ocean confined, - Where the rivers in slow-trickling rills have their birth, - And the dense tangled mazes unwind; - In the deep under-land, - In the dim wonderland, - Where broods the vast cosmical mind. - - 4 - - Of the manifold wonders of life I sing, - Its mysteries striving to scan, - In the rippling wave, on the fluttering wing, - In beast and all-dominant man. - ‘T is the indwelling soul - Of the god of the whole, - Since the dawn of creation began. - -_Dido_, who has been gazing upon Æneas in rapt admiration (753-756): - - Now come, my guest, and from the first recount the tale - Of Grecian treachery, thy friends’ sad overthrow - And all thy toils; for lo, the seventh summer finds - Thee wand’ring still in every land, on every sea. - -_Æneas_, rising (II. 3-13) - - Thou wouldst that I should feel a woe unspeakable, - O Queen, and tell again how all our Trojan power - And kingdom, endless source of grief, the Greeks o’erthrew: - Those sad events which I myself beheld, and in - Whose fabric I was wrought a part. Who, though he be - Of fierce Achilles’ band, or in the train of hard - Ulysses, telling such a tale could hold his tears? - Now night sinks down the steeps of heaven, while setting stars - And constellations summon us to rest. But if - So strong is thy desire to know the story of - Our woe, and hear Troy’s final agonies rehearsed, - Though at the very thought my soul within me shrinks - And has recoiled in grief, I will begin the tale. - -All the Trojans and Carthaginians crowd around the tables, seating -themselves to listen. As all faces are turned toward Æneas, he sinks -back upon his couch, overcome with emotion. There is a moment of silent -sympathy. Curtain. - - - - - ACT II - - - ACT II. SCENE 1 - -[Illustration] - -Dido’s chamber. At the left, in front, is a shrine (1). An antique bust -with an inscription above it, visible in the light from the glowing -censer, indicates that it is sacred to Synchæus. Two broad steps raise -it slightly from the level of the stage. On the same side in the middle -a door (2), flanked by half columns. At the right, first wing, a door -(3); half-way back on the same side (4), a curtained recess in which are -hung Dido’s brilliant robes. In the center of the background (5), is a -window overlooking the city and harbor, which show in the distance when -the window is opened. It is reached by two steps covered with rugs, and -the seats about the three sides of the recess are richly upholstered in -green and gray. - -Anna and Dido both wear simple white, while Barce, the aged nurse, is -clad plainly in brown. - -Barce lies asleep on a couch near the shrine, her face lighted by the -glowing flame. Anna is asleep on a couch in the foreground. - -Dido sits at the window in the moonlight, looking out into the night. -She gets up and moves restlessly about the room. She kneels before the -altar, replenishing the incense. She comes finally to her sister, and, -wakening her, tells of her struggle against the new love. - -_Dido_ (IV. 9-29): - - O sister, what dread visions of the night invade - My troubled soul! What of this stranger lodged within - Our halls, how noble in his mien, how brave in heart, - Of what puissant arms! From heav’n in truth his race - Must be derived, for fear betokens low-born souls. - Alas, how tempest-tossed of fate was he! How to - The dregs the bitter cup of war’s reverses hath - He drained! If in my soul the purpose were not fixed - That not to any suitor would I yield myself - In wedlock, since the time when he who won my love - Was reft away, perchance I might have yielded now. - For sister, I confess it, since my husband’s fate, - Since that sad day when by his blood my father’s house - Was sprinkled, this of all men has my feelings moved. - Again I feel the force of passion’s sway. But no! - May I be gulfed within earth’s yawning depths; may Jove - Almighty hurl me with his thunders to the shades, - The pallid shades of Erebus and night profound, - Before, O constancy, I violate thy laws! - He took my heart who first engaged my maiden love. - Still may he keep his own, and in the silent tomb - Preserve my love inviolate.— - -_Anna_ (31-53): - - O dearer to thy sister than the light of life, - Wilt thou consume thy youth in loneliness and grief, - And never know the sacred joys of motherhood, - The sweets of love? And dost thou think, that in the tomb - Thy husband’s sleeping spirit recks of this? Let be, - That never yet have other suitors moved thy heart - Which long has scorned the lords of Libya and of Tyre; - Let prince Iarbas be rejected and the lords - Of Africa’s heroic land: wilt still against - A pleasing love contend? And hast considered then - Whose are the powers upon the borders of thy realm? - Here are Gætulia’s cities, matchless race in war; - Here wild Numidians hedge thee round, and Ocean’s shoals; - While yonder lies the sandy desert parched and wild, - Where fierce Barcæans range. Why need I mention Tyre’s - Dark-looming cloud of war, thy brother’s threats? For me, - I think that through the favor of the gods and care - Of Juno hath Æneas drifted to our shores. - And to what glory shalt thou see thy city rise, - What strong far-reaching sway upreared on such a tie! - Assisted by the Trojan arms, our youthful state - Up to the very pinnacle of fame shall soar. - Then pray the favor of the gods, and give its due - To sacred hospitality. Lo, to thy hand - Is cause of dalliance, while still the blustering winds - Of winter sweep the sea, Orion’s storms prevail, - Their fleet is shattered, and the frowning heavens lower. - -Dido, during this speech, has gone to her husband’s shrine. There is a -mighty struggle in her soul between love and duty. - -Barce, wakened from her sleep and seeing her mistress pale and -anguish-stricken, throws herself before her. Dido finally yields and -reaches her trembling hand to quench the censer. The old nurse clings to -her in terrified appeal. Dido frees herself from her. She quenches the -flame and draws the curtain before the shrine. Old Barce sits sobbing -before the darkened altar. - -Meanwhile the light has been changing into dawn and the sea and harbor -begin to be visible through the open window. Dido crosses the chamber, -and after a moment’s struggle draws back the curtains from before the -recess where hang the brilliant garments laid aside during her -widowhood. She takes down a purple mantle, and standing before a mirror, -girds it about her with a golden girdle. - -The sound of a trumpet and the shouts of the sailors are heard in the -distance. Anna goes to the window, and seeing Æneas and his men below on -the shore, draws Dido to the window. Dido gazes for a minute and then, -filled with her new passion, goes forth with her sister to meet Æneas. -Curtain. - - - ACT II. SCENE 2 - -[Illustration] - -A fragrant nook on Mount Ida. Across the stage at the first wing a low, -broad marble wall (1), forming one end of a colonnade which leads back -to an arch (2), through which the distant sea is visible (3). The -columns at the first wing (4) and the wall between them are -over-clambered by a flowering vine, which has strewn its delicate yellow -petals over the wall and the marble floor before it. Behind the wall (5) -a garden of brilliant blossoms, with a path leading through it to the -arch in the background. There is the pleasant sound of falling water. - -Venus, seated upon the low marble wall is discovered keeping watch over -Ascanius who lies asleep before her his pink body hidden in a drift of -yellow petals. The deep blue himation, which has fallen in graceful -folds across the wall behind her, forms a rich contrast in color to the -delicate tints of the marble, of the flowers, and of her own dress of -tender pink. Juno in a brilliant purple dress, approaching through the -garden, comes upon her in a fury of wrath. - -_Juno_ (93-104): - - Fair fame, in sooth, and booty rich thou shalt obtain, - Thou and thy boy, a lasting name, if by the guile - Of two divinities one woman is o’ercome! - Nor have I failed of late to see the jealous fear - In which thou holdest these our Carthaginian walls. - But come, in such a strife what motive can we have? - Nay, rather shall we not a lasting peace secure - By Hymen’s bonds? Behold, thou hast what thou hast sought - With all thy soul: fair Dido burns with ardent love, - And feels its thrill of passion dominate her heart. - Then let us rule this people, thou and I, on terms - Of amity. Let Dido wed the Trojan prince, - And give to thee, as royal dowry, Tyria’s lords. - -_Venus_ (107-114): - - How mad th’ opponent who would such fair terms refuse! - Or who would wish to strive by preference with thee! - If only fortune favor what thou hast proposed: - But of the fates am I uncertain, whether Jove - Be willing that the Trojan exiles and the men - Of Carthage reign in common and a lasting bond - Of amity cement. Thou art his wife. ‘T is right - For thee by prayer to try his will. Do thou lead on, - I follow. - -_Juno_ (115-126): - - Mine the task thou sayest. Now the way - In which the matter may be perfected in brief - Will I reveal. Do thou attend my words.—The queen, - Unhappy Dido, and Æneas, to the wood - Prepare to lead the hunt, when first to-morrow’s sun - Hath reared his radiant head and with his shining beams - Revealed the world. On these, while beaters force the game, - And hem the glades with circling nets, will I a storm - Of rain and mingled hail pour down and rack the sky - From pole to pole. In all directions will they flee - Before the storm, and shield themselves in sheltering caves. - The queen and Trojan leader will together seek - The selfsame grot. And, if thy favoring purpose hold, - I shall in lasting union join and make them one. - -Venus assents, and, bending over the sleeping boy, shows by a satiric -smile that she perceives the purpose of her rival. Curtain. - - - ACT II. SCENE 3 - -A forest scene. Huge trees and moss-grown rocks. Across the back, a -cliff in the face of which at the last wing on the left is the opening -to a mighty cavern. Through the trees growing along the summit of this -cliff, comes the shimmer of the distant sea. - -Far and near through all the forest, trumpets are sounding. Attendants -armed with spears and nets, and with hounds in leash for the chase, -hurry across the scene. Dido, Anna, Æneas, Ascanius, followed by the -entire court in brilliant array, cross the scene amid the flourish of -trumpets. - -All the costumes are very brilliant with gold, purple, deep blue, and -wood green. Dido is dressed in purple and gold, Anna in brown and green -with a leopard skin instead of a himation. Æneas is in full armor. All -the Trojans and Carthaginians are dressed and armed for the chase. - -One of the attendants has seated himself in the foreground to mend his -broken bow. As the sound of the trumpets grows fainter, a band of -Carthaginian youth, hurrying to join the hunt, descry him and stop to -laugh at him, because he is left behind. He throws down his bow in -disgust, and points in the direction of the hunt with a gesture of -impatience. - -_Attendant_ (191-194): - - Now look you, to our shores has come this Trojan prince - Whom Dido, our fair queen, has taken as her lord. - And now in dalliance fond the winter’s days they spend, - Unmindful of their heaven-appointed destinies, - And taken in the subtle snare of base desire. - -Approval on the part of all the youth. - -Meanwhile it has grown darker, and there comes a crash of thunder. All -flee in terror. As the storm increases, the courtiers flee across the -scene in every direction. The trumpets are heard calling through all the -woods. - -At last, amid the crash of thunder and the roar of the tempest, Dido and -Æneas enter, seeking a place of shelter. Discovering the cavern, they -flee to that. Lightning flashes, the thunder roars, the wild cries of -the nymphs are heard. - -The scene closes in almost utter darkness. Curtain. - - - - - ACT III - - - ACT III. SCENE 1 - -[Illustration] - -The temple of Jupiter Ammon in Libya. In the center of the stage an -altar (1), raised high from the level of the stage by four broad steps -(2). Pillars of barbaric form and decoration at the first and second -wings (3), between which are hung curtains (4) of rich, oriental -pattern. At the second wing a wall (5) joins the two pillars. In the -distance (6), across a wide tract of desert, Carthage can be seen, -showing only as a cluster of glimmering lights except when the lightning -flashes fitfully along the horizon. The scene is lighted only by the -glare of the altar fire. - -Iarbas wears a robe of scarlet worked in gold. - -_Iarbas_, kneeling before the altar, his face lifted defiantly upward -(206-218): - - O Jove omnipotent, to whom the Moorish race - From ‘broidered couches pour their offering of wine, - Dost thou regard th’ affairs of men? or is ‘t in vain - We tremble, father, when thou hurl’st thy thunderbolts? - And is it only aimless flashings that we fear, - And meaningless vain mutterings that fill the sky? - That vagrant queen to whom we gave within our bounds - A site whereon to build her town, a bit of shore - To till, and granted full possession of the place, - Hath this our suit disdained and to her realm received - Æneas as her lord. And now that puny prince, - That Paris, with his train of weaklings, and his locks - Perfumed, bedecked and sheltered by a Phrygian cap, - Hath carried off the prize.—And we, poor fools, bring gifts - Unto thy temple and adore an empty shrine! - -Sullen mutterings of distant thunder. Curtain. - - - SCENES 2 AND 3 - -The temple colonnade, as in Act I. Scene 1. Æneas, surrounded by -Achates, Ihoneus, and many other Trojans, is directing the work in the -city below them. He has in his hands the plan of the citadel, which he -is tracing for his countrymen. Mercury appears upon the temple steps, -crosses the stage, and stands a moment behind Æneas and his companions, -unnoticed. - -_Mercury_, to Æneas, as the Trojans turn and discover him (265-276): - - And can it be that thou art building here the walls - Of Tyrian Carthage, and uprearing her fair towers, - Thou dotard, of thy realm and thy great destiny - Forgetful! Jove himself, the ruler of the gods, - Who holds the heavens and earth and moves them at his will, - To thee from bright Olympus straight hath sent me here. - He bade me bear on speeding pinions these commands: - What dost thou here? or with what hopes dost thou delay - Upon the Libyan shores? If thou, indeed, art moved - By no regard for thine own glorious destiny, - Respect at least the budding hopes of him, thy son, - Who after thee shall hold the scepter; for to him - Are due the realms of Italy, the land of Rome. - -While Mercury is giving his message, Dido, followed by her maidens, -comes forth from the temple, and as she catches the import of his words, -stands horror-stricken upon the temple steps, unnoticed by Æneas or his -men, whose faces are turned intently toward Mercury. - -_Æneas_, overwhelmed with astonishment, aside (281-294): - - O Jove, and I had near forgot my destiny, - To oblivion lulled amid the sweets of this fair land! - But now my heart’s sole longing is for Italy, - Which waits me by the promise of the fates. But how - From this benumbing passion shall I free myself? - How face the queen and put away her clinging love? - -To his attendants: - - Go ye, and swiftly call the Trojans to the shore; - Bid them equip the vessels quickly for the sea, - And frame for this our sudden voyage some fitting cause. - -Mnestheus and the others withdraw to perform his commands. Æneas remains -buried in deep thought. He turns and sees Dido standing before him. They -gaze at each other in silence. - -_Dido_ (305-330): - - And didst thou hope that thou couldst hide thy fell design, - O faithless, and in silence steal away from this - My land? Does not our love, and pledge of faith once given, - Nor thought of Dido, doomed to die a cruel death, - Detain thee? Can it be that under wintry skies - Thou wouldest launch thy fleet and urge thy onward way - Mid stormy blasts across the sea, O cruel one? - But what if not a stranger’s land and unknown homes - Thou soughtest; what if Troy, thy city, still remained: - Still wouldst thou fare to Troy along the wave-tossed sea? - Is ‘t I thou fleest? By these tears and thy right hand— - Since in my depth of crushing woe I’ve nothing left— - And by our marriage bond and sacred union joined, - If ever aught of mercy I have earned of thee, - If I have ever giv’n thee one sweet drop of joy, - Have pity on my falling house, and change, I pray, - Thy cruel purpose if there still is room for prayer. - For thee the Libyan races hate me, and my lords - Of Tyre; for thee my latest scruple was o’ercome; - My fame, by which I was ascending to the stars, - My kingdom, fates,—all these have I giv’n up for thee. - And thou, for whom dost thou abandon me, O guest?— - Since from the name of husband this sole name remains. - What wait I more? Is ‘t till Pygmalion shall come, - And lay my walls in ruins, or the desert prince, - Iarbas, lead me captive home? O cruel fate! - If only ere thou fled’st some pledge had been conceived - Of thee, if round my halls some son of thine might sport, - To bear thy name and bring thine image back to me, - Then truly should I seem not utterly bereft. - -_Æneas_, seemingly unmoved by her appeal (333-361): - - I never shall gainsay, O Queen, that thy desert - Can equal all and more than all that thou canst claim; - And ever in the days to come ‘t will be my joy - Fair Dido to recall while memory serves me, while - My spirit animates these limbs.—To thine appeal - A brief reply. I did not hope to leave thy shores - By stealth—believe it or not—nor yet a husbands’ name - Have I desired, nor have I claimed the marriage bonds. - If under omens of my own it were ordained - That I should live, and lay aside at will the weight - Of destiny, then first of all would I restore - My Trojan city and the dear remains of all - I called my own; old Priam’s royal halls would still - Endure, and long ago would I have built again - Our ruined citadel of Pergama. But now - To mighty Italy Apollo’s oracle, - To Italy his lots command that I repair. - This is my love and this must be my fatherland. - If thou, though born in distant Tyre, art linked to this - Thy Carthage in the land of Libya, why, I pray, - Shouldst thou begrudge to us, the Trojan wanderers, - Ausonia’s land? ‘T is fate that we as well as thou - Should seek a foreign home. My sire Anchises’ shade - Invades my dreams with threats and admonition stern, - Whene’er with dewy shadows night o’erspreads the earth. - And when I think upon Ascanius and the wrong - That I am bringing on his head, though innocent, - My heart reproaches me that I am thwarting fate, - Which promised him the destined fields of Italy. - And now the very messenger of heav’n sent down - By Jove himself—I swear by both our lives—has brought - The mandate through the wind-swept air; I saw the god - Myself in open day invade thy city’s walls, - And with these very ears I heard his warning voice. - Then cease to vex thyself and me with these complaints; - ‘T is not of mine own will I fare to Italy. - -Æneas, as he speaks, has become as one seeing in vision the glorious -future of his race. Dido, who has stood with averted face and scornful -look, now turns upon him, in a passion of grief and rage. - -_Dido_ (365-387): - - Thou art no son of Venus, nor was Dardanus - The ancient founder of thy race, thou faithless one: - But Caucasus with rough and flinty crags begot, - And fierce Hyrcanian tigers suckled thee. For why - Should I restrain my speech, or greater evil wait? - Did he one sympathetic sigh of sorrow heave? - Did he one tear let fall, o’er-mastered by my grief? - Now neither Juno, mighty queen, nor father Jove - Impartial sees; for faith is everywhere betrayed. - That shipwrecked beggar in my folly did I take - And cause to sit upon my throne; I saved his fleet, - His friends I rescued—Oh, the furies drive me mad! - Now ‘t is Apollo’s dictate, now the Lycian lots, - And now “the very messenger of heaven sent down - By Jove himself” to bring this mandate through the air! - A fitting task is that for heaven’s immortal lords! - Such cares as these disturb their everlasting calm! - I seek not to detain nor answer thee; sail on - To Italy, seek fated realms beyond the seas. - For me, if pious prayers can aught avail, I pray - That thou amid the wrecking reefs mayst drain the cup - Of retribution to the dregs and vainly call - Upon the name of Dido. Distant though I be, - With fury’s torch will I pursue thee, and when death - Shall free my spirit, will I haunt thee everywhere. - O thou shalt meet thy punishment, perfidious one: - My soul shall know, for such glad news would penetrate - The lowest depths of hell.— - -She works herself up to a frenzy, and as she finishes she turns to leave -him with queenly scorn, staggers, and falls. Her servants carry her from -the scene, leaving Æneas in agony of soul, struggling between love and -duty. Curtain. - - - - - Act IV - - - ACT IV. SCENE 1 - -Dido’s chamber as in Act II. Scene 1. Anna sits in the foreground, -spinning. The old nurse, Barce, is bustling about, hanging up her -mistress’ brilliant robes, which she has cast aside for her old mourning -gown of simple white. Dido is seated at the latticed window watching the -Trojans in the harbor below prepare for their departure. She is weeping. - -_Barce_, coming cautiously to Anna so that Dido may not hear (416-418): - - Behold, how eagerly the Trojans launch their ships. - In their mad zeal they hurry timbers from the woods, - Unhewn and rough, from which to shape their masts and oars, - While from the city shoreward rush the fleeing men. - -The shouts of the sailors are heard. Dido groans. Anna, hastily putting -aside her work, goes to her sister, whose face is buried in her hands. -Barce takes up the spinning, stopping at times to wipe her eyes. - -_Dido_, lifting her face to her sister (416-418): - - Thou seest, Anna, how they haste from every side, - And how the bustle of departure fills the shore. - The vessels float, the swelling sails salute the breeze, - And now the sailors crown the sterns with festive wreaths! - -She gives way to her tears. - -_Anna_, caressing her sister: - - Alas, my sister, for thy sighs and grieving tears, - Thy love abandoned and thy trusting faith betrayed! - -_Dido_ (419-434): - - If this great grief in expectation I have borne, - Then truly shall I patience have to bear it still. - But, sister, grant me in my woe this one request— - For yonder faithless one was wont to cherish thee - Alone, and trust to thee his heart; and thou alone - Dost know the fav’ring time and method of approach - To try the man:—go, sister, and in suppliant strain - Address our haughty foe: I took no oath with Greece - At wind-swept Aulis to o’erthrow the Trojan State, - Nor did I send a hostile fleet to Pergama, - Nor desecrate the sacred ashes of his sire, - That now he should refuse to bend his ear to me. - Go, say his hapless lover makes this last request: - That he wait an easy voyage and a fav’ring gale. - No longer do I ask a husband’s love denied, - Nor yet that he abandon his fair land and realm; - Time, only time, I ask, a little space of rest - From this mad grief, till Fortune give me fortitude, - And teach me how to bear my woe. - -_Anna_, preparing to go (412): - - O love betrayed, - To what despair dost thou not drive the hearts of men? - - Exit Anna. - -Dido, at the window, watches her sister as she takes her way down to the -harbor. When she can no longer see her in the gathering twilight, she -turns with a sigh to her chamber. - -The old nurse, Barce, totters to her. Dido places her head wearily on -the old woman’s shoulder. Barce, drawing her to a couch, tries to soothe -her. Dido starts up in terror, as if she saw some fearful shape. She -flees before it to her husband’s shrine, and is only recalled from the -fancy when she finds the curtains drawn before it. - -Barce comes tremblingly to her. Dido in bitter remorse draws the -curtains from the shrine and kneels before it. Barce hurries away and -soon returns with a lighted candle, which she brings to her mistress. -Dido lights the censer. Curtain. - - - ACT IV. SCENE 2 - -The same chamber in Dido’s palace. The shrine of Sychæus is adorned with -flowers; fire glows on the altar. Barce sits spinning at one side. - -Dido is pacing the room with fierce energy. She goes to the window from -time to time, then renews her fierce walking to and fro. Suddenly she -presses her hand to her head as if a new thought had come to her. Her -face assumes an expression of cunning. She picks up a golden goblet, and -with a gesture to the old woman sends her to fill it. - -When Barce has gone, Dido stealthily but quickly takes Æneas’ sword from -the wall, and, seating herself, with trembling fingers draws it from its -scabbard. She feels the edge, shrinking in terror at the thought of her -intended suicide. With a shudder, she presses the cold blade against her -neck. - -As she is thus meditating, her sister is heard coming. Dido quickly -conceals the sword beneath the draperies of the couch. She assumes an -air of gayety, kissing her sister and drawing her to a seat. - -_Dido_ (478-498): - - I’ve found a way, my sister—give me joy—to bring - Him back to me, or free me from the love of him. - Hard by the confines of the Ocean in the west - The Æthiop country lies, where mighty Atlas holds - Upon his giant shoulders heaven’s vault, all set - With stars. There dwells a priestess skilled in magic art, - Of the Massylian race, and guardian of the shrine - Of the Hesperides; her care, the dragon huge - To which she offers honeydew and soothing herbs, - The while she guards the precious boughs.—She claims the power - At will to free the soul from sorrow with her charms, - Or burden it with care; to stop the rapid stream, - And backward roll the stars; the shades of darkness too - Can she awake, and at her bidding shalt thou hear - The rumbling earth beneath thy feet, and see the trees - Descend the mountain slopes.—I swear it by the gods - And thee, unwillingly I seek the magic art. - Do thou within the palace rear a lofty pyre, - And place upon its top the faithless hero’s arms - Which in his flight he left within our halls, yea all - That he has left, and then our wedding couch, my cause - Of woe, my heart is set to banish every trace - Of that perfidious one, and this the priestess bids. - -Anna assents to her plan and hurries away to execute it. Dido quickly -takes the sword from its hiding-place and in tremulous haste hangs it -again upon the wall. Barce enters. Dido turns, fearing detection, but -seeing that the old nurse has not suspected her, she takes the cup in -her trembling fingers and drains it. Curtain. - - - ACT IV. SCENE 3 - -Dido’s chamber, night. Dido is seated in the moonlight that streams -through the open casement. A band of maidens, clad in white, are singing -softly to her. - -_Chorus of maidens_ (apropos of 522-528): - - [For music, see p. 81] - - ‘T is eve; ‘t is night; a holy quiet broods - O’er the mute world—winds, waters are at peace; - The beasts lie couch’d amid unstirring woods, - The fishes slumber in the sounds and seas; - No twitt’ring bird sings farewell from the trees. - Hushed is the dragon’s cry, the lion’s roar; - Beneath her glooms a glad oblivion frees - The heart from care, its weary labors o’er, - Carrying divine repose and sweetness to its core. - - [Selected from Tasso] - -They quietly withdraw. Dido is convulsed with weeping. - -_Dido_ (529-532; 534-552): - - But not for me, unhappy one, this night’s sweet calm; - My cares redouble and o’erwhelm me with their flood. - -She leaves the window and paces the room. - - Ah me, what shall I do? My former suitors seek - And be again rejected? Shall I humbly court - Numidia’s lords whose suit I have so often scorned? - Or shall I rather follow haughty Ilium’s fleet, - Submissive to their every will?—Because in sooth, - ‘T is sweet to be delivered, and my former aid - Still dwells within their faithful memory? But who, - Though I should wish it, would permit me, or receive - The hated Dido in their haughty ships? Ah, poor, - Deluded one, dost thou not know, dost thou not still - Perceive the frailty of a Trojan oath? What then? - Shall I forsake my kingdom and accompany - The joyful sailors, or with all my Tyrian bands - Around me, follow in pursuit and force again - My friends upon the deep and bid them spread their sails, - My comrades whom with pain I weaned from Sidon’s halls? - Nay, nay! as thou deservest, die, and with the sword - Thy sorrows end. O why was it not given me - To spend my life from wedlock and its sorrows free, - As beasts within their forest lairs? Or why, alas, - Was not my promise to Sychæus’ ashes kept? - -She sprinkles incense on the flame at the shrine of Sychæus. Dawn begins -to brighten. The sailors are heard singing in the distance. Dido starts. -She rushes to the window, and looking out, sees the Trojan fleet sailing -away over the sea. She cries out in frenzy. - -_Dido_ (590-629): - - Ye gods! and shall he go, and mock our royal power? - Why not to arms and send our forces in pursuit, - And bid them hurry down the vessels from the shore? - Ho there, my men, quick, fetch the torches, seize your arms, - And man the oars!—What am I saying? where am I? - What madness turns my brain? O most unhappy queen, - Is it thus thy evil deeds are coming back to thee? - Such fate was just when thou didst yield thy scepter up.— - Lo, _there ‘s_ the fealty of him who, rumor says, - His country’s gods with him in all his wandering bears - And on his shoulders bore his sire from burning Troy! - Why could I not have torn his body limb from limb, - And strewed his members on the deep? and slain his friends, - His son Ascanius, and served his mangled limbs - To grace his father’s feast?—Such conflict might have had - A doubtful issue.—Grant it might, but whom had I, - Foredoomed to death, to fear? I might have fired his camp, - His ships, and wrapped in common ruin father, son, - And all the race, and given myself to crown the doom - Of all.—O Sun, who with thy shining rays dost see - All mortal deeds; O Juno, who dost know and thus - Canst judge the grievous cares of wedlock; thou whom wild - And shrieking women worship through the dusky streets, - O Hecate; and ye avenging Furies;—ye, - The gods of failing Dido, come and bend your power - To these my woes and hear my prayer. If yonder wretch - Must enter port and reach his land decreed by fate, - If thus the laws of Jove ordain, this order holds: - But, torn in war, a hardy people’s foeman, far - From friends and young Iulus’ arms, may he be forced - To seek a Grecian stranger’s aid, and may he see - The death of many whom he loves. And when at last - A meager peace on doubtful terms he has secured, - May he no pleasure find in kingdom or in life; - But may he fall untimely, and unburied lie - Upon some solitary strand. This, this I pray, - And with my latest breath this final wish proclaim. - Then, O my Tyrians, with a bitter hate pursue - The whole accursèd race, and send this to my shade - As welcome tribute. Let there be no amity - Between our peoples. Rise thou from my bones, - O some avenger, who with deadly sword and brand - Shall scathe the Trojan exiles, now, in time to come, - Whenever chance and strength shall favor. Be our shores - To shores opposed, our waves to waves, and arms to arms, - Eternal, deadly foes through all posterity. - -The servants rush in terrified during her passionate speech, and as she -utters her curse, stand cowering before her. She dismisses with a -gesture all except old Barce, who approaches her mistress. - -(634-640): - - Go, bring my sister Anna hither, dearest nurse: - In flowing water bid her haste to bathe her limbs, - And bring the rightful sacrifices of the flock. - So let her come. And thou with pious fillets gird - Thy temples; for to Stygian Jove my mind is fixed - To carry on the magic sacrifice begun, - And end my cares, and to devouring flames consign - The relics of that cursed son of Dardanus. - -Barce totters away to do her bidding. Dido takes Æneas’ mantle and sword -from the wall, and unsheathes the sword. - -(651-662): - - Sweet pledges of my lord, while fate and god allowed, - Accept this soul of mine, and free me from my cares. - For I have lived and run the course that Fortune set; - And now my stately soul to Hades shall descend. - A noble city have I built; my husband’s death - Have I avenged, and on my brother’s head my wrath - Inflicted. Happy, ah too happy, had the keels - Of Troy ne’er touched my shores!—And shall I perish thus?— - But let me perish. Thus, oh thus, ‘t is sweet to seek - The land of shadows.—May the heartless Trojan see, - As on he fares across the deep, my blazing pyre, - And bear with him the gloomy omens of my death. - -She rushes forth from the chamber in her frenzy. The sailors’ chorus is -repeated fainter and fainter. In a moment her death cry is heard. The -servants rush in, and finding their mistress gone, hasten in the -direction of her cry. Their lamentation is heard. They return bearing -the body of the queen upon a couch. She has fainted, and upon her bosom -the wound shows red and terrible. Anna enters, beside herself with -grief. - -_Anna_, kneeling beside the couch, addresses Dido, who revives enough to -smile upon her sister (676-685): - - Was it for this, O sister, thou didst seek to hide - Thy heart from me? Was this the meaning of the pyre, - And this the altar fires? What plaint in my despair - Shall I offer first? And didst thou spurn me, in thy death? - Thou shouldst instead have bidden me to share thy fate; - The selfsame moment should have reft the lives of both. - And with these impious hands did I thine altar rear, - And with this voice unto our country’s gods appeal, - That, heartless, I might fail thee in this final hour? - O sister, here hast thou destroyed thyself and me, - Thy people, thy Sidonian fathers and thy realm. - With soothing water let me bathe her flowing wounds, - And if there hovers on her lips the fleeting breath, - With my own lips I claim it in the kiss of death. - -The sailors’ chorus sounds in the distance. Aroused by this, the dying -queen half raises herself upon the couch. The servants throw open the -casement and the Trojan ships are seen far away, sailing off over the -sea. - -Dido falls back lifeless. Curtain. - - - - - MUSIC - - - - - SONGS - - - PAGE - PRELUDE 57 - - The authors are indebted to Professor A. A. Stanley of the University - of Michigan for the accompaniment to this air. - - HYMN TO THE DAWN 61 - - INVOCATION 69 - - SONG OF IOPAS 72 - - SLUMBER SONG 81 - - - - - PRELUDE - - - To be sung in unison before the curtain. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - - HYMN TO THE DAWN - - ACT I. SCENE 1 - - Chorus of Carthaginian Maidens - - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - - INVOCATION - - ACT I. SCENE 3 - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - - SONG OF IOPAS - - ACT I. SCENE 3 - - Adapted from Chopin, Nocturne in G minor - - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - - SLUMBER SONG - - ACT IV. SCENE 3 Chorus of Maidens - - Words from Tasso; Ger. Lib. II. 96 - - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - - - - II - The Fall of Troy - - - Illustrious Troy! renown’d in every clime - Through the long records of succeeding time; - Who saw protecting gods from heaven descend - Full oft, thy royal bulwarks to defend. - Though chiefs unnumber’d in her cause were slain, - With fate the gods and heroes fought in vain; - That refuge of perfidious Helen’s shame - At midnight was involved in Grecian flame; - And now, by time’s deep ploughshare harrow’d o’er, - The seat of sacred Troy is found no more. - No trace of her proud fabrics now remains, - But corn and vines enrich her cultured plains. - - FALCONER, _Shipwreck_. - - - - - THE PERSONS OF THE DRAMA - - - ÆNEAS, son of Anchises and Venus, son-in-law of Priam, and, since the - death of Hector, the leader of the Trojan war-chiefs. - - PRIAM, king of Troy, now enfeebled by age. - - ANCHISES, the aged father of Æneas. - - LAOCOÖN, a son of Priam and priest of Apollo. - - PANTHUS, a Trojan noble, priest of Apollo. - - CORŒBUS, a Phrygian noble, ally of Priam, in love with Cassandra. - - THE GHOST OF HECTOR. - - ASCANIUS, son of Æneas and Creüsa (silent). - - VENUS, the goddess of love, mother of Æneas. - - HECUBA, wife of Priam. - - CREÜSA, wife of Æneas. - - CASSANDRA, daughter of Priam, reputed to be mad. - - PYRRHUS, son of Achilles, leader of the Greeks in their final attack - upon Troy. - - SINON, a Greek tool, through whose treachery the Trojans were induced - to admit the wooden horse within their walls. - - ANDROGEOS, a Greek chieftain. - - TROJAN warriors, nobles, and commons, shepherds, priestly attendants, - boys, women, etc. - - GREEK warriors. - - - - - ACT I - - - - - The Fall of Troy - - - ACT I. SCENE 1 - -The plain in front of Troy; the city walls; the sea; and, in the -distance, Tenedos. Morning, without the gates. Joyful crowds of men, -women, and children pour through the open doors. They gather about the -strange wooden horse which stands without, and excitedly inquire what it -means, and what shall be done with it. Thymoetes voices the sentiment of -one party that it should be taken within the walls and set upon the -citadel; while Capys and his adherents urge that they should examine the -mystery where it stands, and destroy it. Great confusion reigns. The -sentiment of Thymoetes seems about to prevail (26-39). - -Enter Laocoön, running, followed by a band of priestly attendants, and -shouting while still at some distance. - -_Laocoön_ (42-49): - - What madness, wretched citizens, is this? - Can you believe your enemies have fled, - Or can you think that any gifts of Greeks - Are innocent of guile? So have you learned - To judge Ulysses? No, within this horse - The crafty Greeks are lying even now, - Or else its towering bulk has been contrived - To give them spying place upon our homes, - Or chance to scale our city’s battlements. - Be sure some dark design is hidden here. - Trust not the horse, my friends; whate’er it is, - I fear the Greeks, though armed with gifts alone. - -He hurls his spear, which sticks fast in the wooden horse and stands -quivering there. - - - SCENE 2 - -Enter Trojan shepherds, dragging in a man bound with thongs. They -approach the king. The bystanders jibe at and mock the captive. The -unknown stands as if bewildered and distraught, and at last cries -(69-72): - - Where now, alas, can I a refuge find - On land or sea? What chance of life remains - For one who can no longer claim a place - Among the Greeks? and now his bloody death - The vengeful sons of Dardanus demand. - -The Trojans in wonder and with growing pity urge him to explain himself. -He at last proceeds, having with an apparent effort regained his self -control (77-104): - - All things and truly will I tell to thee, - O king, whatever comes, nor will I seek - To hide that I am Grecian born. This first; - For though in woe my fate has plunged me deep - It shall not make me false and faithless too. - If any chance report has touched your ears - With Palamedes’ name, great Belus’ son, - Whom, though he was all innocent of guile, - Yet still, because his voice was ever raised - Against the war, by accusations false - The Greeks condemned, and sent to gloomy death; - But whom they now with fruitless grief lament: - To him my sire, while yet the war was young, - By poverty impelled, consigned his son - To serve the prince, by double ties endeared - Of blood and comradeship - While he in power - And in the councils of the kings stood high, - I, too, by his reflected light, enjoyed - Both name and fair renown. But when at last, - Through false Ulysses’ murderous hate and guile, - (I speak what you do know), his death was wrought; - In deep distress, in darkness and in woe - I spent my days, and mourned the hapless fate - Of my poor friend. And, maddened by my grief, - I would not hold my peace, but loudly swore, - That if the fates of war should bring me back - As victor to my native land of Greece, - I should full vengeance take; and by my words - Dire hatred ‘gainst my luckless self I roused. - Here was the fountain source of all my woes; - From now Ulysses, crafty enemy, - Began to spread vague hints among the Greeks, - Prefer strange charges, and to seek some cause - Against me, conscious in his heart of guilt. - Nor did he rest, until by Calchas’ aid— - But why do I rehearse this senseless tale - To heedless ears? Or wherefore should I seek - To stay your hands, if ‘tis enough to hear - That I am Greek, and in your hostile minds - All Greeks are judged alike. - Come, glut your hate - Upon me. For Ulysses would rejoice - To know that I am dead, and Atreus’ sons - Would gladly purchase this with great reward. - -Here the stranger pauses in seeming despair and resignation to his fate. -The Trojans urge him to go on with his story. He resumes (108-144): - - Full oft the Greeks, in utter weariness - Of that long siege, desired to abandon Troy, - And seek their homes again. Oh, that they had! - But whensoe’er they addressed them to the sea, - Rough wintry blasts and storms affrighted them. - And when this horse, of wooden timbers framed, - Completed stood, a votive offering, - The winds from every quarter of the heavens - Howled threateningly. To seek the will of Heaven, - The anxious Greeks despatch Eurypylus - To Phœbus’ oracle. He straight reports - Apollo’s mandate grim and terrible: - “Before, O Greeks, ye sailed to Troia’s shores, - Ye first had need to appease the angry winds - With bloody sacrifice—a maiden’s death - E’en so, by blood must your return be sought; - Again must Grecian life atonement make.” - When this dire oracle among the crowd, - From ear to ear, from lip to lip was spread, - They stood with horror stunned, and chilling fear - Their inmost hearts with dire forebodings filled. - They trembling ask for whom the fates prepare, - Whom does Apollo seek in punishment? - Then comes the Ithacan with clamor loud, - The prophet Calchas dragging in our midst, - And bids with charge insistent that he tell - The will of heaven. And now from many lips - The grim forebodings of Ulysses’ guile - Assail my ears, while all in silence wait - To see the end. Ten days the seer was mute, - Hid in his tent, refusing steadily - By word of his to doom a man to death. - At length, his feigned reluctance at an end, - And goaded by Ulysses’ clamors loud, - He spoke, and named me as the sacrifice. - All gave assent; and while each feared a doom - Which might befall himself, they calmly bore - When on my wretched head they saw it light. - And now the day of horror was at hand. - All things were ready for the sacrifice; - The salted meal was sprinkled on my head, - And round my brows the fatal fillets twined. - Then, I confess it, did I break my bonds. - I fled from death and in the sedgy reeds - Along the muddy margin of a lake - All night I lay in hiding, hoping there - To lurk until their homeward sails were spread. - And now my country dear I ne’er shall see, - My darling children and my aged sire - Whose face I long to see. But they are doomed - To pay the penalty which I escaped, - And by their death repair this fault of mine. - But by the gods above, divinities - Who with impartial eyes behold the truth, - If anywhere there still abides with men - Unsullied faith, I beg you, pity me - Who have endured so dire a weight of woe, - A soul that has been foully overborne. - -The Trojans are moved to tears by this tale of woe; and Priam bids the -chains be stricken from him. He then addresses the prisoner with -friendly words. - -_Priam_ (148-151): - - Whoe’er thou art, away with thoughts of Greeks. - Be man of ours. And, as I question thee, - Give true reply. What means this monster horse? - Who first proposed, and what its purpose here? - Is it some votive gift, or does it stand - Against our walls as enginery of war? - -Sinon stretches his freed hands to the heavens. He speaks excitedly and -as one inspired. - -_Sinon_ (154-194): - - O ye eternal fires, be witness now, - Ye heavenly stars, divine, inviolate, - Ye cursed knives, and altars which I fled, - Ye fillets which as victim doomed I wore: - ‘Tis right for me to break all sacred oaths - Which bound me to the Greeks; ‘tis right to hate, - And blab their secrets to the common air. - I’ll not be held by any ties of land - Or law. Do thou but keep thy promises, - O Troy, and, saved by me, keep plighted faith, - If I with truth shall make thee rich returns. - -Recovering himself, he goes on more quietly, and with an air of perfect -sincerity. - - The Greeks’ whole hope and confidence in war - Had rested from the first on Pallas’ aid. - But from the time when godless Diomede, - And that curst Ithacan, expert in crime, - Dared desecrate the goddess’ sacred fane, - Dared drag her mystic image forth, and kill - Her faithful guard, and on her virgin locks - Lay bloody, lustful hands unconsecrate: - From then their hopes kept ebbing back and back, - Their powers were shattered and their goddess’ aid - Denied. And she with no uncertain signs - Revealed at once her outraged deity. - Scarce had the sacred image reached the camp, - When glittering flames blazed from the staring eyes, - And salty perspiration down her limbs - Went streaming; and, oh wonderful to say, - Thrice from the ground, accoutered as she was - With shield and quivering spear, the image leaped. - Straitway did Calchas prophecy that all - Must forth again in flight upon the sea; - That Troy could never by Argolic arms - Be overthrown, save as they back again - To sacred Argos fared and there regained - That heavenly favor which they first had brought - To Ilium. - And now have they indeed - Gone back to Greece, to seek fresh auspices, - And win once more the blessing of the gods. - And soon, and suddenly, the sea retraced, - Will they be here again. So Calchas bade. - Meanwhile, by that same prophet warned, did they - This wooden image fashion to appease - Th’ offended goddess, and atonement make - To her outraged divinity. And more— - The prophet bade them form an image huge - Of oaken beams, of such proportions vast - That through no gate of Troy could it be led, - Nor set within the walls, lest thus once more - The people from their ancient deity - Protection find. For if Minerva’s gift - Should by your hands be desecrated, then - Would dreadful doom (Heaven send it on _their_ heads) - Upon old Priam and his Phrygians come; - But if within your walls this sacred horse - Should by your voluntary hands be set, - Then would all Asia rise with one accord, - And sweep in mighty war against the Greeks, - And that dire doom upon our grandsons fall. - - - SCENE 3 - -The Trojans are entirely satisfied with this explanation and treat Sinon -with respectful consideration. At this juncture, two huge serpents come -up out of the sea, and, while the people flee shrieking away on all -sides, they make their way to Laocoön where he stands sacrificing at the -altar, and enfold him and his two sons in their deadly coils (195-227). - - - SCENE 4 - -Great excitement follows. People say that Laocoön has perished justly, -since he impiously violated the sacred horse, and loudly demand that the -creature be taken within the walls (228-249): - -_A voice from the crowd_: - - Oh, dreadful punishment, but well deserved, - For with his impious spear he smote the oak, - The sacred wood to Pallas consecrate. - -_Another voice_: - - Now haste we and within our city lead - This horse portentous, and with humble prayer - Minerva’s aid and pardoning favor seek. - -They hastily enlarge the gate, attach ropes to the horse, and put -rollers under its feet, many willing hands lay hold of the ropes and -pull the horse along. Boys and girls dance and sing around the workers. -The horse sticks at the threshold of the gate, and Cassandra, who has -been looking on as one entranced, cries out forebodingly. - -_Cassandra_: - - O fatherland! O Ilium, home of gods! - Ye walls of Troy, in war illustrious! - See there, upon the threshold of the gate, - The monster halts—again—and yet again! - And from its rumbling hold I hear the sound - Of clashing arms! O Troy! O fatherland! - -But the people, not heeding her, press on and disappear within the city -walls with the wooden horse, on the way to the citadel. Everywhere are -heard sounds of delirious joy. - - - - - ACT II - - - ACT II. SCENE 1 - -Night. The chamber of Æneas. He lies sleeping calmly upon his couch. -Enter Ghost of Hector, wan and terrible, bearing in his hands the sacred -images of the Penates. - -_Æneas_, starting up to a sitting posture, as if talking in a dream -(281-286): - - O light of Troy, O prop of Trojan hopes, - What slow delays have held thee from our sight, - O long awaited one? Whence com’st thou here? - We see thee now, with hardships overborne, - But only after many of thy friends - Have met their doom, and after struggles vast - Of city and of men.—But what, alas, - Has so defiled thy features? Whence these wounds - And horrid scars I see? - -_Hector_, with deep sighs and groans (289-295): - - Oh, get thee hence, - Thou son of Venus, flee these deadly flames. - Our foemen hold the walls; our ancient Troy - Is fallen from her lofty pinnacle - Enough for king and country has been done; - If Troy could have been saved by any hand, - This hand of mine would have defended her. - But now to thee she trusts her sacred gods - And all their sacred rites; take these with thee - As comrades of thy fates; seek walls for these, - Which, when the mighty deep thou hast o’ercome, - Thou shalt at length in lasting empire set. - -He makes as if to give the sacred images to Æneas, and vanishes. - -A confused sound of distant shouting and clashing of arms fills the -room. Æneas leaps from his couch, now fully awake, and stands with -strained and attentive ears. The truth dawns upon him as the sounds grow -clearer, and as he can see from his window the red flames of burning -Troy. He snatches up his arms and is rushing from the room when Panthus -hurries in bearing sacred images in his hands and leading his little -grandson. - -_Æneas_ (322): - - My friend, where lies the battle’s central point? - What stronghold do we keep against the foe? - -_Panthus_ (324-335): - - The last, the fated day of Troy is come. - The mighty glory of the Trojan state - Is of the past, and we, alas, no more - May call ourselves of Ilium; for lo, - The cruel gods have given all to Greece, - And foemen lord it in our blazing town; - The great horse stands upon our citadel, - And from his roomy side pours armed men; - While Sinon, gloating o’er his victory, - With blazing torch is busy everywhere. - Down at the double gates still others press - For entrance, all Mycenæ’s clamorous hosts, - And weapons thick beset the narrow streets. - In battle order stand the long drawn lines - Of gleaming steel prepared for deadly strife. - Scarce do the sturdy watchmen of the gates - Attempt to hold their posts against the foe, - But in the smothering press fight blindly on. - -At this, Æneas joins Panthus and together they rush out into the city. - - - SCENE 2 - -A street of Troy, lit by the moonlight and the glare of burning -buildings. Trojans rush in from different sides and rally to Æneas. - -_Æneas_ (348-354): - - O comrades, O ye hearts most brave in vain, - If you have steadfast minds to follow one - On desperate deeds intent, you see our case: - The gods, who long have buttressed up our state, - Have fled their sacred altars and their shrines, - And left us to our fate. You seek to aid - A city wrapped in flames. Then let us die - And in the midst of death our safety find: - Our safety’s single hope—to hope for none. - -The little band hurries off toward the noise of battle in neighboring -streets. Enter from the other direction straggling bands of Greeks, -drunk with victory. They burn and pillage on all sides, temples and -homes alike. Re-enter Trojans led by Æneas. Androgeos, a Greek, thinking -them to be Greeks, goes up to them. - -_Androgeos_ (373-375): - - Now haste ye, men; what time for sloth is this? - The rest on fire and pillage are intent, - While you but now address you to the task. - -Androgeos suddenly perceives that these are foes, and is struck dumb -with amazement. The Trojans rush upon him and slay him together with the -others of his band. - -_Corœbus_, one of Æneas’ band, exultingly (387-391): - - O friends, where kindly fortune first doth show - The path of safety, let us follow there. - With these slain Greeks let us our shields exchange, - Their helms and breastplates let us don, and so - In all things seem as Greeks. When foemen strive, - Who questions aught of trickery or might? - Our foes against themselves shall lend us arms. - -They exchange arms with the dead Greeks. Thus arrayed, they mingle with -the parties of Greeks who straggle in, and slay them. The Greeks, not -understanding this strange turn of affairs, flee away in terror. This -action is repeated at intervals several times. - -Enter a band of Greeks led by Ajax, the Atridæ, and others, dragging -Cassandra roughly along by the hair. Her hands are tied with thongs. -Corœbus, though the odds are overwhelmingly against him, rushes in to -save his beloved Cassandra. The other Trojans, because of their disguise -of Greek armor, are attacked by their own friends stationed at near by -points of vantage, and now the Greeks themselves, recognizing the ruse -at last, overwhelm the little Trojan band by force of numbers. Other -Greeks pour in from all sides and add their testimony that these are -Trojans. In the desperate encounter many of the Trojans fall. - -Æneas performs Herculean feats of arms, and slays many Greeks, but is -himself unhurt. At last he and a few followers escape into a street -leading to Priam’s palace, whence loud and continued shouting can be -heard. - - - SCENE 3 - -At Priam’s palace (viewed from without), desperately attacked by Greeks -and defended by Trojans. (_a_) The assailants attempt by scaling ladders -to mount to the flat, turreted roof of the palace, while the defendants -hurl down upon these darts and stones, and pry off whole towers which -fall with a mighty crash. The air is filled with the thunderous noise of -these falling masses and with the other confused shouts and sounds of a -desperate conflict. - -(_b_) Pyrrhus with a strong band of Greeks is endeavoring to batter down -the gates of the palace at its main entrance. - - - SCENE 4 - -Priam’s palace from within. All is confusion and terror. Women rush from -room to room, with disheveled hair streaming, and with cries of wild -despair. A crowded mass of men are attempting to defend the main -entrance. Overhead can be seen and heard the defenders on the roof -opposing the attack from without. - -In the central open court of the palace, upon the steps of a great altar -overshadowed by a laurel tree, Hecuba and a group of women have seated -themselves, huddling there in the hope of protection from the sanctity -of the altar. Suddenly old Priam comes out into the court, hurriedly -adjusting his armor. - -_Hecuba_, calling to him (519-524): - - What dost thou there, of reason all bereft, - O wretched husband? What avail those arms? - Or whither speedest thou with tottering steps? - Such aid and such defense as thou canst give - Cannot avail us now, nor Hector’s self, - Could he come back to us. Come hither then; - These sacred altar stairs shall shield us all, - Or in their sight will we together die. - -Priam joins the women at the altar. - - But see, Polites comes, by Pyrrhus pressed; - Through hostile arms, through halls and colonnades, - He flees alone in sore distress of wounds, - While Pyrrhus follows hard with deadly aim. - And now, Oh, now he grasps and thrusts him through. - -Polites falls dead at the feet of Priam and Hecuba. - -_Priam_, springing up and facing Pyrrhus (535-543): - - For that base crime of thine, that impious deed, - I pray the gods, if there are gods in heaven - Who care for men, to grant thee dire return, - And give thee what thou hast so richly earned. - For thou hast slain my son before my face, - And with his blood defiled his father’s eyes. - But that Achilles, whom thou falsely claim’st - As sire, did not so treat his royal foe, - But held in reverence the sacred laws. - My Hector’s corpse he gave for burial - And sent me back in safety to my home. - -He hurls his spear with feeble strength at Pyrrhus. The spear sticks -ineffectually in the opposing shield. - -_Pyrrhus_, scornfully (547-550): - - Then bear this message to my noble sire: - Fail not to tell him all my impious deeds, - And how unworthy has his Pyrrhus proved. - Now die. - -He drags the old man to the altar and slays him there. Exit Pyrrhus, -leaving the bloody corpse of the old man upon the ground. The women are -carried off as prisoners by the Greeks who now come thronging in. - - - SCENE 5 - -In the now deserted palace near the shrine of Vesta. Helen is lurking -for protection within the shrine. - -_Æneas_, passing by and seeing Helen (577-587): - - Shall this, the common scourge of friend and foe, - Unscathed, behold her native land again? - Her husband, home, her sire and children see? - Shall she as conquering queen go proudly back, - Attended by a throng of Trojan slaves? - Shall Troy have burned for this, old Priam die, - And all the Trojan plain have reeked with blood? - It shall not be. No fame, I know, is earned - By woman’s punishment; such victory - Has little praise; but yet I shall be praised - For having utterly destroyed this wretch, - And on her head inflicted vengeance dire. - It will be sweet to feed my passion’s flame, - And satisfy the ashes of my friends. - -He is rushing into the shrine with drawn sword when suddenly Venus -appears before him. - -_Venus_ (594-620): - - What grief inflames thee to this boundless wrath? - What madness this, my son? And whither, pray, - Has fled thy care for us? Bethink thee, first, - Where thou hast left thy father, spent with age; - Whether thy wife, Creüsa, still survives; - Bethink thee of Ascanius thy son. - For they are hemmed about on every side - By hostile Greeks; but for my shielding care, - Already would the flames have swept them off, - And swords of enemies have drunk their blood. - ‘Tis not the beauty of the Spartan queen - That should arouse thy hate, nor shouldst thou blame - Thy kinsman, Paris; for the cruel gods, - The gods, I say, have laid thy city low, - And overthrown the lofty walls of Troy. - Behold—for I will straight remove the mist - Which, dense and clinging, clouds thy mortal sight; - Do thou but be obedient to my words;— - Here, where thou seest huge masses overthrown, - Rocks torn from rocks, commingled smoke and dust, - Great Neptune with his trident’s fearful stroke - Causes the walls to rock upon their base. - Here Juno, first of all, with savage mien, - Besets the Scæan gates, and, girt with steel, - In fury calls her allies from the ships. - Now turn thine eyes unto the citadel, - And there behold Tritonian Pallas stand, - All blazing with the war-cloud’s lurid glare, - And that fell Gorgon’s head. Nay Jove himself - Inspires the Greeks with courage, gives them strength, - And whets the gods against the Trojans’ arms. - Betake thee then to flight and end thy toils. - For I will never leave thee, till at last - I bring thee safely to thy father’s house. - -Æneas, overcome by these revelations, and resigned to fate, retires. - - - - - ACT III - - - ACT III. SCENE 1 - -The _atrium_ in the palace of Æneas. The aged Anchises lies prone upon -the couch. Creüsa, Ascanius, and other members of the household are -huddled together in the same room, listening in awestruck silence to the -confused sounds of battle without. The room is lit by the red glare of -burning buildings. Enter Æneas, breathless with his haste. - -_Æneas_, going up to his father and attempting to lift him in his arms -(635, 636): - - O father, all is lost; come, flee with me, - While still the fates and angry gods allow; - Come, let me bear thee on my shoulders broad - Unto the shelter of Mount Ida’s slopes. - -_Anchises_, resisting (637-649): - - If all is o’er, and Troy is in the dust, - Why should I wish to prolong this worthless life - In exiled wanderings? Turn ye to flight, - Who feel the blood of youth within your veins, - Whose sturdy powers still flourish in their prime. - If heavenly gods had wished me still to live, - They would have saved this home wherein to dwell. - Enough and more, that I have seen one fall - Of Troy, and once outlived my captured town. - Then, even as I lie in seeming death, - Address my lifeless body and be gone. - I’ll quickly gain the boon of death I seek: - The enemy will pity me and slay, - Or else will slay me for my noble spoils. - As for the loss of burial due the dead, - ‘Twill not be hard to bear. Too long on earth - I spend my useless years, abhorred of heaven, - Since when the sire of gods and king of men - Blasted my body with his lightning’s breath, - And marked me with his scorching bolt of flame. - -_Æneas_ and all the household join in entreating Anchises to go with -them (651-653): - - The heavy hand of fate is on us all, - But do not thou, O father, seek to add - To this our weight of sorrow, and o’erthrow - Our fortunes utterly. - -But the old man stubbornly persists in his refusal. - -_Æneas_, seeing his father immovable (656-670): - - And didst thou think that I could leave thee here, - O father, and betake myself to flight? - And has such monstrous utterance as this - Fall’n from a father’s lips? If heaven has willed - That nothing from this city vast survive, - And if thy mind is firmly set to die, - And ‘tis thy pleasure to our ruined Troy - To add thyself and all thy family— - The door to that destruction opens wide - Soon Pyrrhus will be here, his murderous hands - Reeking with Priam’s blood, who slays the son - Before his father’s eyes, and eke the sire - Upon the sacred altar’s very steps - Was it for this that thou, through sword and flame, - O fostering mother, didst deliver me, - That midst the very sanctities of home - I should behold the foe, that I should see - Ascanius, my father, and my wife - All weltering in one another’s blood? - Nay rather, arms! My men, in haste bring arms! - -Attendants bring him his sword and shield which he hurriedly fits in -place. - - The last day calls the vanquished to their death. - Let me go forth to meet the Greeks again, - Once more sustain the desperate battle shock. - We shall not all in helpless slaughter die. - -Æneas is rushing toward the door, when Creüsa intercepts him, pushing -toward him their little son, Ascanius. - -_Creüsa_, kneeling (675-678): - - If thou art going forth to seek thy death, - Oh, take us, too, with thee to share thy fate; - But if thy wisdom bids thee still to hope - In sword and shield, here make thy final stand, - And guard thy home. To whose protection, pray, - Is young Iulus left, to whose thy sire? - To whom can I, once called thy wife, appeal? - -Suddenly a tongue of flame is seen to leap and play among the locks of -the boy. His parents, in consternation, attempt to extinguish this, but -to no effect. - -_Anchises_, seeing the portent, starts up with wondering joy, stretching -his hands upward in prayer (689-691): - - O Jove, if thou art moved by any prayer, - Look on us now; this only do I ask; - And, if our piety deserves the boon, - Help us, O father, and confirm these signs. - -A sudden crash of thunder resounds without, and through the open -impluvium a bright star is seen shooting across the sky. - -_Anchises_, rising from his couch in trembling haste (701-704): - - Now, now is no delay; I’ll follow thee, - O son, wherever thou wouldst have me go. - O gods, on whom our fatherland depends, - Preserve my house, preserve my grandson too. - From you has come this heavenly augury, - And on your will divine does Ilium rest. - I yield me then, O son, into thy hands. - And would no more refuse to go with thee. - -Meanwhile from without the glare of the conflagration increases, and the -shouting of the victorious Greeks is heard approaching nearer and -nearer. - -_Æneas_ (707-720): - - Come then, dear father, mount upon my back, - For on my shoulders will I carry thee, - Nor will I find that burden overhard. - Whatever comes, ‘twill come to both of us, - We’ll share misfortune and deliverance too. - -He takes the old man upon his shoulders, first spreading over his back a -lion’s skin. - - Let young Iulus fare along with me, - But at a distance let my wife note well - The way I take. And ye, attendants, hark - To what I say. Without the city walls - There is a mound, where stands an ancient fane - Of Ceres, all alone, a cypress tree - Of ancient stock, preserved with reverent care - For many generations, overhangs - The temple walls. Be this our meeting place - To which by devious ways in many bands - We all shall come. - Do thou, my father, carry in thy hands - The sacred emblems and our household gods; - For me, late come from strife, and stained with blood, - ‘Twere sacrilege to touch the holy things, - Till I have cleansed me in some running stream. - -With his father upon his shoulders and leading Iulus by the hand he -takes his way out of the house. The household follows, leaving the room -deserted. - - - SCENE 2 - -A dark street near the Ida gate. Æneas, Anchises, and Ascanius as -before. Suddenly through the darkness there comes the distant sound of -feet and shouting as of pursuers. - -_Anchises_, peering in the direction of the sound (733, 734): - - Oh, speed thy steps, my son; the foe are near; - I see their gleaming shields and flashing spears. - -At this Æneas hastens his steps and leaves the scene, his band hurrying -after him. - - - SCENE 3 - -At the ancient temple of Ceres without the walls. The fugitives come -straggling in in various bands, a motley array, Æneas and his immediate -followers among the rest. Æneas watches them as they come and gather -about him, counting and identifying them. He now discovers that Creüsa -is missing. - -_Æneas_ (738-748): - - Alas, Creüsa, by what wretched fate - Hast thou been overwhelmed? Where art thou now? - Hast wandered from the way, or, spent with toil, - Hast thou given o’er the journey? Woe is me! - My eyes shall never more behold thy face! - What god or man is guilty of this crime? - Or what more cruel deed have I beheld - In all our stricken town? - -To his friends: - - Behold, my friends, - To you my son and sire and household gods - Do I commend, while I reseek the streets - And ruined dwellings of our fallen Troy, - If haply I may find her once again. - -He puts on his full armor, and rushes back through the dark gate into -the city. - - - SCENE 4 - -A deserted street in Troy, lit up fitfully by smoldering fires. Æneas -enters, peering through the gloom on all sides, and calling loudly upon -the name of his wife. Suddenly a shadowy form appears before him. - -_The Ghost of Creüsa_ (776-789): - - What boots it to indulge this storm of grief, - O dearest husband? For be sure of this, - That not without permission of the gods - Have these things come to pass. ‘Twas not allowed - That thy Creüsa should go hence with thee, - Nor does Olympus’ ruler suffer it. - To distant lands, long exiled must thou roam, - Must plow the water of the vasty deep, - Until thou come to that far western land, - Where Lydian Tiber’s gently murmuring stream - Rolls down through rich and cultivated fields. - There joyful state and kingdom wait for thee, - There one who is allotted for thy wife. - Then dry the tears which now affection sheds - For thy well-loved Creüsa, once thy wife; - For ‘tis not mine to see the haughty seats - Of Myrmidonian or Dolopian foes; - Nor shall I go to serve the Grecian dames, - Proud princess of Dardania that I am, - By marriage made the child of Venus’ self. - But Cybele, great mother of the gods, - Detains me still upon these Trojan shores. - Then look thy last upon me, and farewell, - And let our common son employ your love. - -Æneas starts forward with a cry to embrace the ghost, but it eludes his -grasp and vanishes from sight. He sorrowfully turns away and leaves the -scene. - - - SCENE 5 - -The gray dawn breaks; Mount Ida looms dimly in the distance; the exiles -a weary, discouraged band of men, women, and children, take their way -out into the unknown world. - - - PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - -Transcriber's note: - - 1. Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical - errors. - - 2. 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} - @media handheld { .covernote { visibility: visible; display: block;} } - .ph1 { text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; font-size: xx-large; - margin: .67em auto; } - .ph2 { text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-large; margin: .75em auto; - } - - h1.pg { font-size: 190%; - clear: both; } - h2.pg { font-size: 135%; - clear: both; } - h3.pg { font-size: 110%; - clear: both; } - hr.full { width: 100%; - margin-top: 3em; - margin-bottom: 0em; - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; - height: 4px; - border-width: 4px 0 0 0; /* remove all borders except the top one */ - border-style: solid; - border-color: #000000; - clear: both; } - </style> -</head> -<body> -<h1 class="pg">The Project Gutenberg eBook, Two Dramatizations from Vergil , by Virgil, -Translated by Frank Justus Miller</h1> -<p>This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States -and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no -restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it -under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this -eBook or online at <a -href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you are not -located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this ebook.</p> -<p>Title: Two Dramatizations from Vergil </p> -<p> I. Dido--the Phœnecian Queen; II. The Fall of Troy </p> -<p>Author: Virgil</p> -<p>Release Date: May 14, 2017 [eBook #54717]</p> -<p>Language: English</p> -<p>Character set encoding: UTF-8</p> -<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO DRAMATIZATIONS FROM VERGIL ***</p> -<p> </p> -<h3 class="pg">E-text prepared by<br /> - Richard Tonsing, Juliet Sutherland, Jane Robins,<br /> - and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> - (http://www.pgdp.net)</h3> -<p> </p> -<hr class="full" /> -<p> </p> - -<div class='tnotes covernote'> - -<p class='c000'><strong>Transcriber's Note:</strong></p> - -<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -</div> - -<div class='ph1'> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>TWO DRAMATIZATIONS</div> - <div>FROM VERGIL</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS</div> - <div>CHICAGO, ILLINOIS</div> - <div class='c002'>THE BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY</div> - <div>NEW YORK</div> - <div class='c002'>THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS</div> - <div>LONDON</div> - <div class='c002'>THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA</div> - <div>TOKYO, OSAKA, KYOTO, FUKUOKA, SENDAI</div> - <div class='c002'>THE MISSION BOOK COMPANY</div> - <div>SHANGHAI</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div> - <h1 class='c003'>TWO DRAMATIZATIONS<br /> FROM VERGIL<br /> <br /> <span class='xlarge'><a href='#I'>I. DIDO—The Phœnician Queen</a><br /> <br /> <a href='#II'>II. THE FALL OF TROY</a></span></h1> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c004'> - <div>ARRANGED AND TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH VERSE</div> - <div class='c002'>BY</div> - <div class='c002'><span class='xlarge'>FRANK JUSTUS MILLER</span></div> - <div class='c002'><span class='small'>Author of <em>The Tragedies of Seneca, Translated into English Verse</em></span></div> - <div class='c002'><span class='small'>The Stage Directions and Music for the <span class='sc'>Dido</span> Are Contributed By</span></div> - <div class='c002'>J. RALEIGH NELSON</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/illus-title.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS</div> - <div>CHICAGO, ILLINOIS</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div><span class='sc'>Copyright</span> 1908 <span class='sc'>By</span></div> - <div><span class='sc'>Frank Justus Miller</span></div> - <div class='c002'>All Rights Reserved</div> - <div class='c002'>Published September 1908</div> - <div>Second Impression April 1913</div> - <div>Third Impression March 1917</div> - <div>Fourth Impression January 1920</div> - <div>Fifth Impression August 1924</div> - <div class='c004'>Composed and Printed By</div> - <div>The University of Chicago Press</div> - <div>Chicago, Illinois U.S.A.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_v'>v</span> - <h2 class='c005'>PREFACE</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>The epic is a drama on gigantic scale; its acts are years -or centuries; its actors, heroes; its stage, the world of life; -its events, those mighty cycles of activity that leave their -deep impress on human history. Homer’s epics reënact -the stirring scenes of the ten years’ siege of Troy, and the -perilous, long wanderings of Ulysses before he reached his -home; Vergil’s epic action embraces the fall of Troy and -the never-ending struggles of Æneas and his band of exiles -till Troy should rise again in the western world; Tasso -pictures the heroic war of Godfrey and his crusaders, who -strove to free the holy city of Jerusalem; and Milton, -ignoring all bounds of time and space, fills his triple stage -of heaven, earth, and hell with angels, men, and devils, -all working out the most stupendous problems of human -destiny.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Such gigantic dramas could be presented on no human -stage. But in them all are lesser actions of marked dramatic -possibility. Notable among these are the events -culminating in the death of Hector, the home coming of -Ulysses and his destruction of the suitors, Satan’s rebellion -and expulsion from heaven, and the temptation and fall of -man. All these furnish abundant material for the tragic -stage; but all leave much to be supplied of speech and -action before the full-rounded drama could take form. In -the <em>Æneid</em> alone is found, among the minor parts which -make up the epic whole, a dramatic action well-nigh complete—the -love story of Æneas and Dido.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_vi'>vi</span>The ordinary student of Vergil is too much engrossed -with an intensive study of the text, and has too near a view -of the poem, to appreciate how fully this story is worked -out in detail; how its speech, action, and events all lead to -a dramatic climax. There is need only here and there of -an interpolated lyric upon some suggested theme, a bit of -Vergil’s description of action or feeling expressed in the -actor’s words, an interjected line to relieve the strain of too -long speech—all else is Vergil’s own, ready to be lifted out -of its larger epic setting and portrayed upon the stage.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In arranging and translating this epic tragedy, the authors -have made only such minor additions and alterations of the -original as seemed necessary from the dramatic point of -view. Prominent among these are the introduction of -lyrics at certain points, the obviously necessary curtailing -of the banquet scene by the omission of the long narrative -of Æneas, and the removal behind the scenes of the -final tragedy of Dido’s suicide. The lyrical parts have -been set to original music in sympathy with the themes; -stage action and scenery are suggested by outline drawings -of the different settings; and idealized figures and costumes -are reproduced from ancient vases and bas-reliefs. These -figures have, in some cases, been assigned by scholars to -other subjects; but they may be taken, for the purposes -of the present work, as illustrative of the characters -designated.</p> - -<p class='c000'>With full consciousness of the shortcomings of the work, -but with the hope also of assisting the student in school -and home to a fuller appreciation of the power and beauty -of Vergil, this volume is respectfully presented to the -public.</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_vii'>vii</span> - <h2 class='c005'>PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'>The first edition of this volume, containing only the -<em>Dido: An Epic Tragedy</em>, a dramatization of the love story of -Æneas and Dido, was published in 1900, and met with a -gratifying success. Teachers of Vergil have found the -book an interesting supplement to their study and presentation -of the text; and in numerous instances high-school -and college classes have staged the play with most excellent -results.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The book has been out of print for several years; but -the continued demand from teachers who desire to use it -has made a second edition desirable. This is accordingly -offered in the present volume, under a new title, and containing -a second dramatization from Vergil—this from the -second <em>Æneid</em>, the story of the Fall of Troy.</p> - -<div class='c007'>F. J. M.</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Chicago</span>, 1908</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_1'>1</span> - <h2 id='I' class='c005'>I<br /> Dido—The Phœnician Queen</h2> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span> - <h3 class='c003'>THE ARGUMENT</h3> -</div> - -<p class='c006'><em>For ten years the Greeks had besieged Troy, and on the -tenth they took and utterly destroyed that ancient city. The -inhabitants who had escaped captivity and the sword, wandered -in exile to many quarters of the earth. Now the chief -band of exiles was led by Æneas, son of Venus and Anchises, -and son-in-law of Priam, king of Troy.</em></p> - -<p class='c000'><em>After many adventures on land and sea, Æneas came, in -the sixth year, to Sicily, where he was kindly entertained by -Acestes, king of that land, and where his aged father died -and was buried. Thence setting sail in the summer of the -seventh year, he approached the shores of Africa. Here a -violent storm arose which scattered and all but destroyed the -Trojan ships. Æneas, with a number of his companions, -was cast upon a desert coast, where they passed the night -in gloomy forebodings. In the early morning, Æneas and -Achates set forth to explore the land, and came to the newly -founded city of Carthage.</em></p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Now Phœnician Dido, also, with a band of exiles, had fled -from her native Tyre, to escape the persecutions of her brother, -Pygmalion, who had already slain Sychæus, her husband. -And to the land of Africa had she come, and built her a city, -even the city of Carthage.</em></p> - -<p class='c000'><em>And so these two, Æneas, prince of Troy, and Dido, fugitive -from Tyre, now meet in distant Africa and live the -tragedy which fate has held in store.</em></p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_4'>4</span> - <h3 class='c003'>THE PERSONS OF THE DRAMA</h3> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>ÆNEAS, prince of Troy, and leader of the Trojan exiles.</div> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Achates</span>, confidential friend of Æneas.</div> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Ilioneus</span>, a Trojan noble.</div> - <div class='line'>DIDO, the queen of Carthage.</div> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Anna</span>, sister of Dido.</div> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Barce</span>, nurse of Dido.</div> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Iopas</span>, a Carthaginian minstrel.</div> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Iarbas</span>, a Moorish prince, suitor for the hand of Dido.</div> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Juno</span>, queen of Jupiter and protectress of the Carthaginians, hostile to Troy.</div> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Venus</span>, the goddess of love, mother of Æneas, and protectress of the Trojans.</div> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Cupid</span>, son of Venus, god of love.</div> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Mercury</span>, the messenger of Jupiter.</div> - <div class='line'>Maidens, Courtiers, Soldiers, Attendants, Servants, etc., in Dido’s train.</div> - <div class='line'>Nobles, Sailors, etc., in the band of Æneas.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span> - <h3 class='c003'>THE PRELUDE</h3> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c004'> - <div>[For music, see p. <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>]</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Arma virumque cano, Troiæ qui primus ab oris</span></div> - <div class='line'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Italiam, fato profugus, Lavinaque venit</span></div> - <div class='line'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto</span></div> - <div class='line'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Vi superum, sævæ memorem Iunonis ob iram,</span></div> - <div class='line'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,</span></div> - <div class='line'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Inferretque deos Latio: genus unde Latinum</span></div> - <div class='line'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Albanique patres atque altæ mœnia Romæ.</span></div> - <div class='line'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine læso,</span></div> - <div class='line'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus</span></div> - <div class='line'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores</span></div> - <div class='line'><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">Impulerit. Tantæne animis cælestibus iræ?</span></div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span> - <h3 class='c003'>ACT I</h3> -</div> - -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span></div> -<div class='ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>Dido—The Phœnician Queen</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act I. Scene 1</span></h4> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/illus-p009.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>Early morning; the open square before the temple of Juno on a height near -Carthage. In the distance (see cut, 1, 2, 3) appear mountains, and at their -foot lies the city, clustered about the harbor where ships are riding at anchor. -The effect of elevation is increased by the unfinished columns and the tree-tops -just showing above the low marble wall which encloses the square. This -scene (4) is set nearer than 1, 2, 3, to increase the perspective.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At the first wing on the right (5), a colonnade, leading to a flight of steps, -forms the entrance from the city below. On the same side, along the wall, is a -broad marble seat (6), shaded by a wild crab tree, pink with bloom. The -dark rug on the step before it is strewn with fallen petals. On the left is the -front of the temple (7). Two large columns of white marble flank three -broad steps leading to the platform. Above these columns, the architrave -bears a frieze representing scenes from the Trojan war. Before the temple -door is an altar on which fire is burning.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At the rise of the curtain, a chorus of Carthaginian maidens, clad in white, -are seen kneeling before the altar on the temple steps; they sing a greeting -to the dawn.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span> - <h5 class='c010'><em>Hymn to the Dawn</em></h5> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div>[For music, see p. <a href='#Page_61'>61</a>]</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Wake, Aurora, Wake!</div> - <div class='line in6'>Come, rosy-fingered goddess of the dawn,</div> - <div class='line in6'>The saffron couch of old Tithonus scorning;</div> - <div class='line in6'>Fling wide the golden portals of the morning,</div> - <div class='line in6'>And bid the gloomy mists of night be gone.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Hail, Aurora, Hail!</div> - <div class='line in6'>The dewy stars have sped their silent flight,</div> - <div class='line in6'>The fuller glories of thy rays expecting;</div> - <div class='line in6'>With rosy beauty from afar reflecting,</div> - <div class='line in6'>Thy Orient steeds come panting into sight.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Rise, Apollo, Rise!</div> - <div class='line in6'>Send forth thy healing rays to greet the world,</div> - <div class='line in6'>Upon the lands thy blessed radiance streaming;</div> - <div class='line in6'>Arise, and fling afar, in splendor gleaming,</div> - <div class='line in6'>The banners of thy golden light unfurled.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Enter Æneas and Achates, on their way into the city, evidently attracted -hither by the singing. Æneas is resplendent in full armor. Achates wears -the Phrygian costume: long trousers of brown, a tunic of deep old blue, ornate -with embroidered patterns in gold and purple thread; over this a traveling -cloak of brown. He carries two spears. The maidens withdraw and -as their voices grow fainter Æneas and Achates kneel before the altar. The -light brightens. A bugle call in the distance rouses them from their devotion. -They arise. Enter Venus, dressed as a huntress.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Venus</em> (<em>Æneid</em>, I. 321-324):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>I crave your grace, good sirs. If my attendant maids</div> - <div class='line'>Have chanced to wander hither, quiver-girt, and clad</div> - <div class='line'>In tawny robes of fur, the trophies of the chase,</div> - <div class='line'>Or with triumphant shouts close pressing in pursuit</div> - <div class='line'>The foaming boar,—I fain would know their course.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span><em>Æneas</em> (326-334):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in50'>Fair maid,</div> - <div class='line'>No huntress of thy train have we beheld, nor heard</div> - <div class='line'>The clamor of their chase.—But oh, no mortal maid</div> - <div class='line'>Art thou! Th’ immortal beauty of thy face and voice</div> - <div class='line'>Proclaim thee goddess. Art thou Phœbus’ sister then?</div> - <div class='line'>Or some fair nymph? Whoe’er thou art, we crave <em>thy</em> grace:</div> - <div class='line'>Be merciful and tell beneath what sky at length,</div> - <div class='line'>Upon what shores we ‘re tossed. For ignorant of men</div> - <div class='line'>And land we wander, driven on by wind and wave</div> - <div class='line'>In vast conspiracy.</div> - <div class='line in21'>Full many a victim slain</div> - <div class='line'>Upon thine altars shall repay thine aid.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Venus</em> (335-350):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in42'>For me,</div> - <div class='line'>I claim no homage due the gods. Behold a maid</div> - <div class='line'>Of ancient Tyre, with quiver girt and feet high shod</div> - <div class='line'>With purple buskin—such our country’s garb. Thou seest</div> - <div class='line'>Before thee Punic realms; the city and its men</div> - <div class='line'>Are both alike Phœnician; but around them lie</div> - <div class='line'>The borders of the Libyans, hardy race, unmatched</div> - <div class='line'>In war. The city owns the sway of Dido, late</div> - <div class='line'>Escaped from Tyre and from her brother’s threat’nings. Long</div> - <div class='line'>The story of her wrongs, and devious its way;</div> - <div class='line'>But here I ‘ll trace the outline of her history.</div> - <div class='line'>Her husband was Sychæus, of his countrymen</div> - <div class='line'>The richest far in wide possessions; well beloved</div> - <div class='line'>By his ill-fated bride was he, whose virgin hand</div> - <div class='line'>In wedlock’s primal rite her sire had given him.</div> - <div class='line'>But Tyre’s domain Pygmalion her brother held,</div> - <div class='line'>Surpassing all in crime. Between these Tyrian lords</div> - <div class='line'>A deadly feud arose. With impious hand and blind</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>With love of gold, Pygmalion, at the altar-side,</div> - <div class='line'>With stealthy, unsuspected stroke Sychæus slew;</div> - <div class='line'>And little recked he of his sister’s doting love.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em> (III. 56, 57):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O awful, quenchless thirst of gold! ‘T was ever thus</div> - <div class='line'>That thou hast spurred the hearts of men to deeds of blood.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Venus</em> (I. 351-370):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>He long concealed the deed with wanton, feigned excuse,</div> - <div class='line'>And mocked his sister, sick at heart, with empty hopes.</div> - <div class='line'>In vain: for in the visions of the night the shade,</div> - <div class='line'>The pallid shade of her unburied husband came;</div> - <div class='line'>The cruel altar and his piercèd breast he showed,</div> - <div class='line'>And all the hidden guilt of that proud house revealed.</div> - <div class='line'>He bade her speed her flight and leave her fatherland,</div> - <div class='line'>And showed, to aid her cause, deep buried in the earth,</div> - <div class='line'>An ancient treasure, store of silver and of gold</div> - <div class='line'>Uncounted.</div> - <div class='line in12'>Thus forewarned the queen prepared her flight</div> - <div class='line'>And bade her comrades join her enterprise. They came,</div> - <div class='line'>Whom hatred or consuming terror of the prince</div> - <div class='line'>Inspired. A fleet of ships at anchor chanced to lie</div> - <div class='line'>In waiting. These they seized and quickly filled with gold;</div> - <div class='line'>Pygmalion’s treasure, heaped with greedy care, was reft</div> - <div class='line'>Away upon the sea, a woman leading all.</div> - <div class='line'>They reached at last the place where now the mighty walls</div> - <div class='line'>And newly rising citadel of Carthage stand.</div> - <div class='line'>But who and whence are ye? and whither do ye fare?</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em> (372-385):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O goddess, if beginning at the first the tale</div> - <div class='line'>Of direful woes on land and deep I should relate,</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>The day, before my story’s end, would sink to rest.</div> - <div class='line'>From Troy (perchance the name of Troy has reached your ears)</div> - <div class='line'>Borne over many seas, the fitful tempest’s will</div> - <div class='line'>Has brought us to these shores.</div> - <div class='line in32'>Æneas am I called,</div> - <div class='line'>The Pious, for that in my ships I ever bear</div> - <div class='line'>My country’s gods, snatched from our burning Troy. My fame</div> - <div class='line'>O’erleaps the stars. My quest is Italy, a land</div> - <div class='line'>And race that mighty Jove hath promised me. For this,</div> - <div class='line'>With score of vessels staunch I braved the Phrygian sea,</div> - <div class='line'>By Venus’ star directed and by fate impelled.</div> - <div class='line'>But oh, alas for Venus’ star, alas for fate!</div> - <div class='line'>Scarce seven shattered barks survive the waves, and I—</div> - <div class='line'>And I, a beggared stranger, wander helpless here,</div> - <div class='line'>A fugitive from all the world.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Venus</em> (387-401):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in32'>Whoe’er thou art,</div> - <div class='line'>Full sure am I the gods must love thee well, since thou</div> - <div class='line'>Through dangers manifold hast reached this Tyrian realm.</div> - <div class='line'>But haste thee and with heart of cheer seek out the queen.</div> - <div class='line'>For lo, thy friends are rescued and thy fleet restored,</div> - <div class='line'>Unless in vain my parents taught me augury.</div> - <div class='line'>For see, those joyous swans are fluttering to the earth,</div> - <div class='line'>Which, swooping from the sky, but now the bird of Jove</div> - <div class='line'>Was harrying. As they, with fluttering wings and cries</div> - <div class='line'>Of joy regain the earth, so, by this token know,</div> - <div class='line'>Thy ships and comrades even now are safe in port,</div> - <div class='line'>Or with full sails the harbor’s mouth are entering.</div> - <div class='line'>Then fare thee on, and follow where the path of fate</div> - <div class='line'>May lead.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>As Venus vanishes from the temple steps she is illumined in rosy light.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span><em>Æneas</em> (402-409):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in4'>Achates, see the bright refulgent glow</div> - <div class='line'>Upon her face! ‘T is light divine! And from her locks</div> - <div class='line'>Ambrosial, heavenly odors breathe! Her garments sweep</div> - <div class='line'>In stately folds, and she doth walk, a goddess all,</div> - <div class='line'>With tread majestic!</div> - <div class='line in22'>Lo, ‘t is Venus’ self! O stay,</div> - <div class='line'>My heavenly mother, stay! Why dost thou, cruel too,</div> - <div class='line'>So often mock thy son with borrowed semblances?</div> - <div class='line'>Why may we not join hands, each in his proper self,</div> - <div class='line'>And speak the words of truth? Ah me! She’s vanished quite,</div> - <div class='line'>And I am left forlorn!—</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Deeply moved, he follows her vanishing figure.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Achates</em>, seeking to divert Æneas, leads him to the parapet and points out -to him the life awakening in the city below (422-429).</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Behold this city with its gates and mighty walls,</div> - <div class='line'>And well-paved streets, where even now the Tyrians</div> - <div class='line'>With eager zeal press on their various toil. See there,</div> - <div class='line'>Some build the citadel and heave up massive stones</div> - <div class='line'>With straining hands; while some a humbler task essay,</div> - <div class='line'>And trace the furrow round their future homes. Behold,</div> - <div class='line'>Within the harbor others toil, and here thou seest</div> - <div class='line'>The deep foundations of the theater, where soon</div> - <div class='line'>Shall rise huge columns, stately set, to deck the scene.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em>(430-437):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Yea all, like busy bees throughout the flowery mead,</div> - <div class='line'>Are all astir with eager toil. O blessed toil!</div> - <div class='line'>O happy ye, whose walls already rise! But I,—</div> - <div class='line'>When shall I see <em>my</em> city and my city’s walls?</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>He remains in deep dejection.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span><em>Achates</em>, observing the pediment of the temple itself (456-458):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>But here, O friend, behold, in carvèd imagery,</div> - <div class='line'>Our Trojan battles one by one, that mighty strife</div> - <div class='line'>Whose fame has filled the world. Here see Achilles fierce,</div> - <div class='line'>The sons of Atreus,—and, alas, our fallen king!</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em>, deeply affected (459-463):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>What place, Achates, what far corner of the world</div> - <div class='line'>Is not o’erburdened with our woes? O fallen King,</div> - <div class='line'>E’en here our glorious struggle wins its meed of praise,</div> - <div class='line'>And those our mortal hopes defeated and o’erthrown,</div> - <div class='line'>Are mourned by human tears.</div> - <div class='line in28'>Therefore our present cares</div> - <div class='line'>Let us dismiss. This fame shall bring us safety too.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Achates</em>, continuing to examine the pediment (467, 468):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in2'>See how the Greeks are fleeing, pressed by Trojan youth!</div> - <div class='line'>While here, alas, our warriors flee Achilles’ might.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em> (469-478):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>And here behold the ill-starred Rhesus’ white-winged tents,</div> - <div class='line'>Where fierce Tydides slays his sleeping foe; and drives</div> - <div class='line'>Those snowy steeds to join the Grecian camp, before</div> - <div class='line'>They graze in Trojan meadows or the Xanthus drink.</div> - <div class='line'>Alas poor Troilus, I see thee too, ill-matched</div> - <div class='line'>With great Achilles. Prone thou liest within thy car,</div> - <div class='line'>While in the dust thy comely locks and valiant spear</div> - <div class='line'>Are basely trailed.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Achates</em> (479-482):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in20'>Here to Minerva’s temple come</div> - <div class='line'>Our Trojan dames with suppliant mien and votive gifts;</div> - <div class='line'>With locks dishevelled, self-inflicted blows, and tears;</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>But all for naught. All unappeased the goddess stands</div> - <div class='line'>With stern averted face, nor will she heed their prayers.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em> (483-487):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Thrice round the walls of Troy the fell Achilles drags</div> - <div class='line'>The body of my friend.—O Hector, Hector! Here</div> - <div class='line'>He sells thy lifeless body for accursed gold,</div> - <div class='line'>While aged Priam stretches forth his helpless hands.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Achates</em> (488-497):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>And here behold thyself amid the Grecian chiefs</div> - <div class='line'>In combat raging. See the swarthy Memnon’s arms,</div> - <div class='line'>And that fierce maid, who, clad in gleaming armor, dares</div> - <div class='line'>To lead her Amazons and mingle in the fray.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Music is heard in the distance, flutes and zithers leading a chorus.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>But hark! The distant strains of music greet my ear,</div> - <div class='line'>As of some stately progress fitly timed with flute</div> - <div class='line'>And zither.</div> - <div class='line in12'>See, it is the queen, who with her band</div> - <div class='line'>Of chosen youths and maidens hither takes her way.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em> (498-501):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>How like Diana when she leads her bands by swift</div> - <div class='line'>Eurotas, or on Cynthus green, while round her press</div> - <div class='line'>A thousand graceful creatures of the wood; but she,</div> - <div class='line'>With shoulder quiver-girt, a very goddess moves</div> - <div class='line'>With stately tread among the lesser beings of</div> - <div class='line'>Her train. To such an one I liken yonder queen.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>They conceal themselves in the foreground behind the columns of the temple. -Dido, accompanied by her bands of courtiers, crosses the stage and ascends the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>temple steps. She seats herself on the throne which has been placed for her -at the temple door.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Dido throughout this act is dressed in white, the symbol of her widowhood. -Her dress, worn without himation, is of light filmy stuff draped in the Greek -style, and unornamented save for a border of gold thread. Anna wears a dress -of delicate blue, elaborately embroidered about the edges with a Greek pattern -in gold thread. Her himation, wrapped gracefully about her, is a tender shade -of rose pink.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In Dido’s train all classes are represented, gayly dressed courtiers, soldiers, -and peasants. The men wear cloaks of dark blue and of rich brown over their -tunics. The women are clad in dresses of cream color, pink, and faint green.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When all are on the stage, the general effect should be a mingling of pink, -blue, brown, green, and white, which harmonize with the tints of the marble, -of the flowering crab tree, the blue sky, and the purple mountains.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Suddenly Ilioneus and his following of Trojans appear. They wear the -Phrygian costume, but over it the long brown traveling cloak. The singing -ceases, the guards lower their spears, and great excitement reigns.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em>, aside (509, 510):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Achates, can it be? What! Antheus, and our brave</div> - <div class='line'>Cloanthus and Sergestus too?</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Achates</em>, aside (511-514):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in30'>Yea, all our friends</div> - <div class='line'>Whose ships the raging storm hath parted from our fleet</div> - <div class='line'>And driven far away. O joy! Come, let us go</div> - <div class='line'>And grasp their hands in greeting.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em>, aside (515-521):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in36'>Nay, not so, for still</div> - <div class='line'>Our fortune in the balance hangs. Here let us see</div> - <div class='line'>What fate befalls our friends, where they have left their fleet,</div> - <div class='line'>And why they hither come. For chosen messengers</div> - <div class='line'>In suppliant aspect do they seek this sacred fane,</div> - <div class='line'>While round them rage the mob.—But see, Ilioneus speaks.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Dido has arisen and with a gesture bids the soldiers stand aside. She -sends a page to lead Ilioneus to her throne. Ilioneus kneels before her; she -extends the scepter, which he touches.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span><em>Ilioneus</em>, rising and standing before the queen (522-558):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O Queen to whom the king of heav’n hath given to found</div> - <div class='line'>A city and to curb proud nations with the reins</div> - <div class='line'>Of law, we Trojans in our need, the sport of winds</div> - <div class='line'>On every sea, implore thee, spare a pious race</div> - <div class='line'>And look, we pray, with nearer view upon our cause.</div> - <div class='line'>We have not come to devastate with fire and sword</div> - <div class='line'>The Libyan homes, or fill our ships with plundered stores.</div> - <div class='line'>Such violence and such high-handed deeds a race</div> - <div class='line'>By fate o’ercome may not attempt. There is a place,</div> - <div class='line'>Hesperia the Greeks have named it, ancient, rich</div> - <div class='line'>In heroes, and of fertile soil. Œnotrians</div> - <div class='line'>Once held the land; but now, as rumor goes, their sons</div> - <div class='line'>In honor of their mighty leader have the place</div> - <div class='line'>Italia called. To this our seaward course was bent:</div> - <div class='line'>When suddenly, upstarting from the deep, all charged</div> - <div class='line'>With tempests, did Orion on the shallows drive</div> - <div class='line'>Our vessels, with the aid of boisterous winds and waves,</div> - <div class='line'>Through boiling, overtopping floods and trackless reefs,</div> - <div class='line'>And put us utterly to rout. To these thy shores</div> - <div class='line'>A few of us have drifted. But alas! what race</div> - <div class='line'>Of men is this? What land permits such savage deeds</div> - <div class='line'>As these? We are refused the barren refuge of</div> - <div class='line'>The sandy shore; they seek a cause for mortal strife,</div> - <div class='line'>And will not that we set our feet upon the land.</div> - <div class='line'>What though the human race and mortal arms are naught</div> - <div class='line'>To thee; be sure that gods regard the evil and</div> - <div class='line'>The good. We had a king, Æneas, more than peer</div> - <div class='line'>Of all in justice, piety, and warrior’s might.</div> - <div class='line'>If by decree of fate he still survives, if still</div> - <div class='line'>He draws the vital air of heav’n, and lies not low</div> - <div class='line'>Amid the gloomy shades, fear not, and let it not</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span>Repent thee that in deeds of mercy thou didst strive</div> - <div class='line'>To be the first. We still possess both towns and lands</div> - <div class='line'>Upon Sicilia’s isle; Acestes too, renowned,</div> - <div class='line'>And born of Trojan blood, is ours. Our only prayer,</div> - <div class='line'>That we may draw our shattered fleet upon the shore,</div> - <div class='line'>And in the forest shade renew our weakened beams</div> - <div class='line'>And broken oars. That thus, if to Italia’s realms,</div> - <div class='line'>Our comrades and our king regained, ‘t is ours again</div> - <div class='line'>To hold our way, with joy we may that selfsame land</div> - <div class='line'>And Latium’s borders seek. But if in vain our hope,</div> - <div class='line'>And if, loved father of the Teucri, thou art held</div> - <div class='line'>By Libya’s billows and no more we may upon</div> - <div class='line'>Iulus rest our hopes, then let us seek the land</div> - <div class='line'>And homes reserved for us, whence, setting sail, we came</div> - <div class='line'>To these thy hostile shores, and make Acestes king.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Shouts of applause from the Trojans.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Dido</em>, with modest bearing (562-578):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Let not a fear disturb your souls, O Teucrians;</div> - <div class='line'>Away with all your cares. My cruel fortune and</div> - <div class='line'>My yet unstable throne compel me thus to guard</div> - <div class='line'>My bounds with wide and jealous watch. Who knows not well</div> - <div class='line'>Æneas and his race, their city Troy, their brave,</div> - <div class='line'>Heroic deeds? Who has not seen the far-off flames</div> - <div class='line'>Of their great war? We carry not such brutish hearts</div> - <div class='line'>Within our breasts, nor yet does Phœbus yoke his steeds</div> - <div class='line'>So far from this our land. Seek you the mighty west,</div> - <div class='line'>The land of Saturn’s reign, or where your foster-king,</div> - <div class='line'>Acestes, rules within Sicilia’s borders? Lo,</div> - <div class='line'>In safety will I send you forth and gird you with</div> - <div class='line'>My aid. Or would you share with me this realm? Behold,</div> - <div class='line'>The city which I build is yours. Draw up your ships.</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>To Trojan and to Tyrian will I favor show</div> - <div class='line'>In equal measure. Would that your Æneas’ self,</div> - <div class='line'>Conducted by the same o’er-mastering gale, were here!</div> - <div class='line'>My messengers along the shore will I despatch,</div> - <div class='line'>And bid them search the farthest bounds of Libya,</div> - <div class='line'>If he in wood or city, rescued from the waves,</div> - <div class='line'>May chance to stray.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>She despatches courtiers to seek Æneas. Æneas and Achates, meantime, -are greatly agitated by her words.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Achates</em>, to Æneas, aside (582-585):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in20'>Æneas, what thy purpose now?</div> - <div class='line'>Thou seest all is well. Thy fleet and captains all,</div> - <div class='line'>Save one, are rescued. One we saw ourselves o’erwhelmed</div> - <div class='line'>Within the deep. All else thy mother’s prophecy</div> - <div class='line'>Upholds.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>At this, Æneas suddenly reveals himself, to the great surprise of both Trojans -and Carthaginians.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em>, to Dido (595-609):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O Queen, before thee, whom thou wouldst behold, am I,</div> - <div class='line'>Æneas, Prince of Troy, late rescued from the waves</div> - <div class='line'>Of Libya. O thou, who only o’er the woes,</div> - <div class='line'>The dreadful woes of Troy hast wept, who to thy town</div> - <div class='line'>And home dost welcome us, the leavings of the Greeks,</div> - <div class='line'>Who every peril of the land and sea have faced,</div> - <div class='line'>And lost our all: we may not thank thee worthily,</div> - <div class='line'>O Queen, nor yet the Trojan race, what remnant still</div> - <div class='line'>In distant lands in exile wanders. May the gods</div> - <div class='line'>A fitting gift bestow upon thee; if indeed</div> - <div class='line'>They feel a true regard for pious souls, if e’er</div> - <div class='line'>The truth and conscious virtue aught avail. But thee—</div> - <div class='line'>What blessed age, what mighty parents gave thee birth?</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span>Whate’er my fate, while to the sea the rivers flow,</div> - <div class='line'>While o’er the mountains’ rounded sides the shadows drift,</div> - <div class='line'>While on the plains of heav’n the stars shall feed, so long</div> - <div class='line'>Thine honor and thy name and praises shall abide.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>The queen is silent with amazement, while Æneas greets his friends amid -general rejoicing.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Dido</em>, recovering from her astonishment (615-630):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>What fate, thou son of heav’n, decrees these perils vast?</div> - <div class='line'>And what the power that drives thee on our savage shores?</div> - <div class='line'>And art thou that Æneas whom to Ilium’s prince,</div> - <div class='line'>Anchises, on the bank of Phrygian Simois,</div> - <div class='line'>The kindly Venus bore? And now do I recall</div> - <div class='line'>That Teucer once to Sidon came as suppliant;</div> - <div class='line'>For exiled from his native Salamis he came.</div> - <div class='line'>‘T was at the time when fertile Cyprus bowed beneath</div> - <div class='line'>My father’s might, and by the victor’s sway was held.</div> - <div class='line'>From that time on, thy name, and all the Grecian kings,</div> - <div class='line'>And the fortunes of thy city have been known to me.</div> - <div class='line'>Nay, Teucer’s self, though foeman, sang the praise of Troy,</div> - <div class='line'>And said that he himself from ancient Trojan stock</div> - <div class='line'>Had sprung.</div> - <div class='line in12'>Wherefore, O princes, come and make my halls</div> - <div class='line'>Your own. An equal fate has willed that I, like you,</div> - <div class='line'>The sport of many toils, should find a resting place</div> - <div class='line'>Within this land. With grief acquainted, I have learned</div> - <div class='line'>To comfort hapless wanderers oppressed with grief.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>They prepare to leave the scene. Dido despatches men to bear gifts to the -Trojan fleet, and proclaims a banquet for the ensuing night in honor of -Æneas and the Trojan princes.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span><em>Æneas</em>, to Achates (643-655):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Go, speed thee, friend, to where, upon the sandy beach,</div> - <div class='line'>Our comrades camp about the ships. This joyful news</div> - <div class='line'>To young Ascanius bear, and bid him come with thee</div> - <div class='line'>To Dido’s town.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='c007'>Exit Achates.</div> - -<p class='c000'>To other Trojans:</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in16'>Go ye, and fetch from out the ships</div> - <div class='line'>The treasures that we saved from Ilium’s fall: the robe,</div> - <div class='line'>Stiff wrought with golden pattern, and the flowing veil</div> - <div class='line'>All interwov’n with bright acanthus’ yellow bloom,</div> - <div class='line'>Those beauteous robes of price which Argive Helen brought</div> - <div class='line'>From rich Mycenæ when to Pergama she came,</div> - <div class='line'>Her mother’s wondrous gift. And bring the scepter fair</div> - <div class='line'>Which once Ilione, the eldest daughter of</div> - <div class='line'>Our monarch, bore; the pearl-set necklace, and the crown,</div> - <div class='line'>Its double golden circlet spangled o’er with gems.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>The Trojans withdraw to do his bidding. The music sounds, and as the -entire court moves from the scene, Dido sends some of her maidens back to -throw incense upon the flames. They kneel upon the steps and Anna advances -to the altar. As the smoke ascends, Dido and Æneas turn to follow the rest. -Curtain.</p> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act I. Scene 2</span></h4> - -<p class='c011'>A place in the deep, green forest. Ferns and flowers strew the ground and -the sunlight falls through the branches in flecks of gold. In the foreground are -two great moss-grown rocks, on one of which sits Cupid, draped with garlands -of wild flowers, shooting his arrows at a heart-shaped target hung from -the branches of a tree in the center of the stage. At one side sits Venus, -absorbed in deep, troubled meditation. She has resumed the flowing draperies -befitting a goddess. Pink or canary yellow will harmonize with the -scene.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span><em>Venus</em> (657-662):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Ah me! I fear this Tyrian hospitality;</div> - <div class='line'>For well I know their faithless hearts and lying tongues.</div> - <div class='line'>And ever, mid the anxious watches of the night,</div> - <div class='line'>The savage threats of Juno agitate my soul.</div> - <div class='line'>If only this fair queen might feel the pulse of love</div> - <div class='line'>For this my hero son, then would her purposes</div> - <div class='line'>Of amity be fixed, and my anxiety</div> - <div class='line'>Be set at rest.—But how accomplish my design?</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Suddenly her face is lighted with a new thought. She goes to Cupid and -addresses him with insinuating gentleness.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Venus</em>, to Cupid (664-688):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O son, my comrade and my only source of might,</div> - <div class='line'>O thou, who scorn’st the giant-slaying darts of Jove,</div> - <div class='line'>To thee I come and humbly pray thy fav’ring aid.</div> - <div class='line'>How on the sea, from land to land, thy brother fares,</div> - <div class='line'>Pursued by Juno’s unrelenting hate, is known</div> - <div class='line'>To thee, and often hast thou mingled in my grief.</div> - <div class='line'>Now Tyrian Dido holds him, and with fawning words</div> - <div class='line'>Delays his course; and much do I distrust and fear</div> - <div class='line'>The shelter which our envious rival Juno gives.</div> - <div class='line'>For, in this pregnant crisis of affairs, be sure</div> - <div class='line'>She will be active. Wherefore now my mind is bent</div> - <div class='line'>With wiles to take the queen, ere Juno steel her heart,</div> - <div class='line'>And hold her fast in passion’s net; that at the hest</div> - <div class='line'>Of Juno she her present purpose may not change,</div> - <div class='line'>But by a mighty love for this her Trojan guest</div> - <div class='line'>She may be bound to work my will.</div> - <div class='line in34'>Now hear thy part:</div> - <div class='line'>Obedient to the summons of his doting sire,</div> - <div class='line'>The youthful prince Ascanius goes to Dido’s town</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>With gifts which Ocean and the flames of Troy have spared;</div> - <div class='line'>Him, lapped in sleep, will I to far Cythera bear,</div> - <div class='line'>Or hide him in my sacred fane on Ida’s top,</div> - <div class='line'>Lest he should know what we intend, and thwart our plans.</div> - <div class='line'>Do thou, if only for a night, assume the form</div> - <div class='line'>Of young Ascanius, that, when the queen with joy</div> - <div class='line'>To her embrace shall take thee, when amid the wine</div> - <div class='line'>And feasting she shall hold thee in her arms and kiss</div> - <div class='line'>Thy lips, thou mayst inflame her unsuspecting heart</div> - <div class='line'>With the subtle fires of love.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>As she unfolds her plan, Cupid is filled with delight. He struts up and -down, comically imitating Ascanius. When his mother has finished, he hastens -to pick up his scattered arrows, puts them in his quiver, and struts off, looking -back for his mother’s smile of approval. Curtain.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span> - <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act I. Scene 3</span></h4> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/illus-p025.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>A banquet hall in Dido’s palace. Across the back of the stage is a colonnade -(2), raised above the level of the hall. Through the columns there is a view (1) -out over the moonlit sea. Two broad steps lead from the colonnade to a landing, -from which again three steps at each side descend to the level of the hall -(3). At the second wing (4) on each side, curtained doorways open into the -side rooms, from which the servants hurry with viands for the table. At the first -wing (5), half columns form the corner of the wall. In the center a sort of triclinium -(6) is set for the feast, a broad, three-sided table flanked by couches -upholstered in Tyrian purple and having pillows of blue and gold.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When the curtain rises, the moonlight is streaming down through the columns -upon the scene. A tripod burns before the triclinium. Otherwise there is no -light except as it flashes from the side rooms when the curtains are parted -for an instant. Servants are strewing the banquet table with flowers and -bringing in dishes of gold.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The antique bronze lamps, hung between the columns, are lighted one by -one, till the scene is brilliant with light and color.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Music is heard within. The servants hastily finish their work. The royal -party enters along the colonnade. Dido is still clad in white, but Anna and the -other ladies of the court have assumed himations of royal purple, royal blue, -brilliant yellow, and deep green. Æneas has laid aside his helmet and greaves, -but still wears his breastplate of mail, although he carries on his shoulder a -cloak of royal purple.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span>The Carthaginians are more elaborately and richly dressed than in the first -scene. The Trojans have put aside their outer cloaks, and wear tunics gayly -embroidered in colors. The servants wear tunics of white.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The guests recline upon the couches. Æneas is in the seat of honor, while -Dido has placed the supposed Ascanius upon the couch at her side. Many of -the Carthaginians and the Trojans fill the hall.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Dido rises. There is silence through the room. She intones the invocation.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Dido</em> (731-735):</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>[For music, see p. <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>]</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O Jove, thou lord of gods and men, since ‘t is from thee</div> - <div class='line'>The rites of hospitality proceed, ordain</div> - <div class='line'>That this may be a day of joy to us of Tyre</div> - <div class='line'>And these the Trojan exiles; let its fame go down</div> - <div class='line'>To our descendants. May the god of wine and joy,</div> - <div class='line'>And fost’ring Juno grace and celebrate the day.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>The entire company repeats the invocation in unison. When they have -finished, all bow and Dido pours forth the libation upon the table. Touching -the cup to her lips, she passes it to the guests of honor.</p> - -<p class='c000'>While the cup is passing about, Iopas and his chorus sing.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><em>Song of Iopas</em> (suggested by 740-746)</div> - <div class='c002'>[For music, see p. <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>]</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in24'>I</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Of the orb of the wandering moon I sing,</div> - <div class='line'>As she wheels through the darkening skies;</div> - <div class='line'>Where the storm-brooding band of the Hyades swing,</div> - <div class='line'>And the circling Triones arise;</div> - <div class='line in4'>Of the sun’s struggling ball</div> - <div class='line in4'>Which the shadows appall</div> - <div class='line'>Till the menacing darkness flies;</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in24'><span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>2</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Of the all-potent forces that dwell in the air,</div> - <div class='line'>With its measureless reaches of blue;</div> - <div class='line'>The soft floating clouds of gossamer there,</div> - <div class='line'>And the loud-wailing storm-rack too;</div> - <div class='line in4'>Of the rain and the winds</div> - <div class='line in4'>And the lightning that blinds</div> - <div class='line'>When its swift-darting bolt flashes through;</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in24'>3</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Of the marvels deep hid in the bowels of earth,</div> - <div class='line'>In the dark caves of Ocean confined,</div> - <div class='line'>Where the rivers in slow-trickling rills have their birth,</div> - <div class='line'>And the dense tangled mazes unwind;</div> - <div class='line in4'>In the deep under-land,</div> - <div class='line in4'>In the dim wonderland,</div> - <div class='line'>Where broods the vast cosmical mind.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in24'>4</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Of the manifold wonders of life I sing,</div> - <div class='line'>Its mysteries striving to scan,</div> - <div class='line'>In the rippling wave, on the fluttering wing,</div> - <div class='line'>In beast and all-dominant man.</div> - <div class='line in4'>‘T is the indwelling soul</div> - <div class='line in4'>Of the god of the whole,</div> - <div class='line'>Since the dawn of creation began.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Dido</em>, who has been gazing upon Æneas in rapt admiration (753-756):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Now come, my guest, and from the first recount the tale</div> - <div class='line'>Of Grecian treachery, thy friends’ sad overthrow</div> - <div class='line'>And all thy toils; for lo, the seventh summer finds</div> - <div class='line'>Thee wand’ring still in every land, on every sea.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span><em>Æneas</em>, rising (II. 3-13)</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Thou wouldst that I should feel a woe unspeakable,</div> - <div class='line'>O Queen, and tell again how all our Trojan power</div> - <div class='line'>And kingdom, endless source of grief, the Greeks o’erthrew:</div> - <div class='line'>Those sad events which I myself beheld, and in</div> - <div class='line'>Whose fabric I was wrought a part. Who, though he be</div> - <div class='line'>Of fierce Achilles’ band, or in the train of hard</div> - <div class='line'>Ulysses, telling such a tale could hold his tears?</div> - <div class='line'>Now night sinks down the steeps of heaven, while setting stars</div> - <div class='line'>And constellations summon us to rest. But if</div> - <div class='line'>So strong is thy desire to know the story of</div> - <div class='line'>Our woe, and hear Troy’s final agonies rehearsed,</div> - <div class='line'>Though at the very thought my soul within me shrinks</div> - <div class='line'>And has recoiled in grief, I will begin the tale.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>All the Trojans and Carthaginians crowd around the tables, seating themselves -to listen. As all faces are turned toward Æneas, he sinks back upon his -couch, overcome with emotion. There is a moment of silent sympathy. -Curtain.</p> -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span> - <h3 class='c003'>ACT II</h3> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span> - <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act II. Scene 1</span></h4> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/illus-p031.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>Dido’s chamber. At the left, in front, is a shrine (1). An antique bust with -an inscription above it, visible in the light from the glowing censer, indicates -that it is sacred to Synchæus. Two broad steps raise it slightly from the level -of the stage. On the same side in the middle a door (2), flanked by half -columns. At the right, first wing, a door (3); half-way back on the same side -(4), a curtained recess in which are hung Dido’s brilliant robes. In the center -of the background (5), is a window overlooking the city and harbor, which -show in the distance when the window is opened. It is reached by two steps -covered with rugs, and the seats about the three sides of the recess are richly -upholstered in green and gray.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Anna and Dido both wear simple white, while Barce, the aged nurse, is clad -plainly in brown.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Barce lies asleep on a couch near the shrine, her face lighted by the glowing -flame. Anna is asleep on a couch in the foreground.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Dido sits at the window in the moonlight, looking out into the night. She -gets up and moves restlessly about the room. She kneels before the altar, -replenishing the incense. She comes finally to her sister, and, wakening her, -tells of her struggle against the new love.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span><em>Dido</em> (IV. 9-29):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O sister, what dread visions of the night invade</div> - <div class='line'>My troubled soul! What of this stranger lodged within</div> - <div class='line'>Our halls, how noble in his mien, how brave in heart,</div> - <div class='line'>Of what puissant arms! From heav’n in truth his race</div> - <div class='line'>Must be derived, for fear betokens low-born souls.</div> - <div class='line'>Alas, how tempest-tossed of fate was he! How to</div> - <div class='line'>The dregs the bitter cup of war’s reverses hath</div> - <div class='line'>He drained! If in my soul the purpose were not fixed</div> - <div class='line'>That not to any suitor would I yield myself</div> - <div class='line'>In wedlock, since the time when he who won my love</div> - <div class='line'>Was reft away, perchance I might have yielded now.</div> - <div class='line'>For sister, I confess it, since my husband’s fate,</div> - <div class='line'>Since that sad day when by his blood my father’s house</div> - <div class='line'>Was sprinkled, this of all men has my feelings moved.</div> - <div class='line'>Again I feel the force of passion’s sway. But no!</div> - <div class='line'>May I be gulfed within earth’s yawning depths; may Jove</div> - <div class='line'>Almighty hurl me with his thunders to the shades,</div> - <div class='line'>The pallid shades of Erebus and night profound,</div> - <div class='line'>Before, O constancy, I violate thy laws!</div> - <div class='line'>He took my heart who first engaged my maiden love.</div> - <div class='line'>Still may he keep his own, and in the silent tomb</div> - <div class='line'>Preserve my love inviolate.—</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Anna</em> (31-53):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O dearer to thy sister than the light of life,</div> - <div class='line'>Wilt thou consume thy youth in loneliness and grief,</div> - <div class='line'>And never know the sacred joys of motherhood,</div> - <div class='line'>The sweets of love? And dost thou think, that in the tomb</div> - <div class='line'>Thy husband’s sleeping spirit recks of this? Let be,</div> - <div class='line'>That never yet have other suitors moved thy heart</div> - <div class='line'>Which long has scorned the lords of Libya and of Tyre;</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span>Let prince Iarbas be rejected and the lords</div> - <div class='line'>Of Africa’s heroic land: wilt still against</div> - <div class='line'>A pleasing love contend? And hast considered then</div> - <div class='line'>Whose are the powers upon the borders of thy realm?</div> - <div class='line'>Here are Gætulia’s cities, matchless race in war;</div> - <div class='line'>Here wild Numidians hedge thee round, and Ocean’s shoals;</div> - <div class='line'>While yonder lies the sandy desert parched and wild,</div> - <div class='line'>Where fierce Barcæans range. Why need I mention Tyre’s</div> - <div class='line'>Dark-looming cloud of war, thy brother’s threats? For me,</div> - <div class='line'>I think that through the favor of the gods and care</div> - <div class='line'>Of Juno hath Æneas drifted to our shores.</div> - <div class='line'>And to what glory shalt thou see thy city rise,</div> - <div class='line'>What strong far-reaching sway upreared on such a tie!</div> - <div class='line'>Assisted by the Trojan arms, our youthful state</div> - <div class='line'>Up to the very pinnacle of fame shall soar.</div> - <div class='line'>Then pray the favor of the gods, and give its due</div> - <div class='line'>To sacred hospitality. Lo, to thy hand</div> - <div class='line'>Is cause of dalliance, while still the blustering winds</div> - <div class='line'>Of winter sweep the sea, Orion’s storms prevail,</div> - <div class='line'>Their fleet is shattered, and the frowning heavens lower.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Dido, during this speech, has gone to her husband’s shrine. There is a -mighty struggle in her soul between love and duty.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Barce, wakened from her sleep and seeing her mistress pale and anguish-stricken, -throws herself before her. Dido finally yields and reaches her trembling -hand to quench the censer. The old nurse clings to her in terrified appeal. -Dido frees herself from her. She quenches the flame and draws the curtain -before the shrine. Old Barce sits sobbing before the darkened altar.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Meanwhile the light has been changing into dawn and the sea and harbor -begin to be visible through the open window. Dido crosses the chamber, and -after a moment’s struggle draws back the curtains from before the recess where -hang the brilliant garments laid aside during her widowhood. She takes down -a purple mantle, and standing before a mirror, girds it about her with a golden -girdle.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The sound of a trumpet and the shouts of the sailors are heard in the distance. -Anna goes to the window, and seeing Æneas and his men below on the -shore, draws Dido to the window. Dido gazes for a minute and then, filled -with her new passion, goes forth with her sister to meet Æneas. Curtain.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span> - <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act II. Scene 2</span></h4> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/illus-p034.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>A fragrant nook on Mount Ida. Across the stage at the first wing a low, -broad marble wall (1), forming one end of a colonnade which leads back to an -arch (2), through which the distant sea is visible (3). The columns at the first -wing (4) and the wall between them are over-clambered by a flowering vine, -which has strewn its delicate yellow petals over the wall and the marble floor -before it. Behind the wall (5) a garden of brilliant blossoms, with a path -leading through it to the arch in the background. There is the pleasant sound -of falling water.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Venus, seated upon the low marble wall is discovered keeping watch over -Ascanius who lies asleep before her his pink body hidden in a drift of yellow -petals. The deep blue himation, which has fallen in graceful folds across the -wall behind her, forms a rich contrast in color to the delicate tints of the -marble, of the flowers, and of her own dress of tender pink. Juno in a brilliant -purple dress, approaching through the garden, comes upon her in a fury -of wrath.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Juno</em> (93-104):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Fair fame, in sooth, and booty rich thou shalt obtain,</div> - <div class='line'>Thou and thy boy, a lasting name, if by the guile</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>Of two divinities one woman is o’ercome!</div> - <div class='line'>Nor have I failed of late to see the jealous fear</div> - <div class='line'>In which thou holdest these our Carthaginian walls.</div> - <div class='line'>But come, in such a strife what motive can we have?</div> - <div class='line'>Nay, rather shall we not a lasting peace secure</div> - <div class='line'>By Hymen’s bonds? Behold, thou hast what thou hast sought</div> - <div class='line'>With all thy soul: fair Dido burns with ardent love,</div> - <div class='line'>And feels its thrill of passion dominate her heart.</div> - <div class='line'>Then let us rule this people, thou and I, on terms</div> - <div class='line'>Of amity. Let Dido wed the Trojan prince,</div> - <div class='line'>And give to thee, as royal dowry, Tyria’s lords.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Venus</em> (107-114):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>How mad th’ opponent who would such fair terms refuse!</div> - <div class='line'>Or who would wish to strive by preference with thee!</div> - <div class='line'>If only fortune favor what thou hast proposed:</div> - <div class='line'>But of the fates am I uncertain, whether Jove</div> - <div class='line'>Be willing that the Trojan exiles and the men</div> - <div class='line'>Of Carthage reign in common and a lasting bond</div> - <div class='line'>Of amity cement. Thou art his wife. ‘T is right</div> - <div class='line'>For thee by prayer to try his will. Do thou lead on,</div> - <div class='line'>I follow.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Juno</em> (115-126):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in10'>Mine the task thou sayest. Now the way</div> - <div class='line'>In which the matter may be perfected in brief</div> - <div class='line'>Will I reveal. Do thou attend my words.—The queen,</div> - <div class='line'>Unhappy Dido, and Æneas, to the wood</div> - <div class='line'>Prepare to lead the hunt, when first to-morrow’s sun</div> - <div class='line'>Hath reared his radiant head and with his shining beams</div> - <div class='line'>Revealed the world. On these, while beaters force the game,</div> - <div class='line'>And hem the glades with circling nets, will I a storm</div> - <div class='line'>Of rain and mingled hail pour down and rack the sky</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>From pole to pole. In all directions will they flee</div> - <div class='line'>Before the storm, and shield themselves in sheltering caves.</div> - <div class='line'>The queen and Trojan leader will together seek</div> - <div class='line'>The selfsame grot. And, if thy favoring purpose hold,</div> - <div class='line'>I shall in lasting union join and make them one.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Venus assents, and, bending over the sleeping boy, shows by a satiric smile -that she perceives the purpose of her rival. Curtain.</p> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act II. Scene 3</span></h4> - -<p class='c011'>A forest scene. Huge trees and moss-grown rocks. Across the back, a cliff -in the face of which at the last wing on the left is the opening to a mighty -cavern. Through the trees growing along the summit of this cliff, comes the -shimmer of the distant sea.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Far and near through all the forest, trumpets are sounding. Attendants -armed with spears and nets, and with hounds in leash for the chase, hurry -across the scene. Dido, Anna, Æneas, Ascanius, followed by the entire court -in brilliant array, cross the scene amid the flourish of trumpets.</p> - -<p class='c000'>All the costumes are very brilliant with gold, purple, deep blue, and wood -green. Dido is dressed in purple and gold, Anna in brown and green with a -leopard skin instead of a himation. Æneas is in full armor. All the Trojans -and Carthaginians are dressed and armed for the chase.</p> - -<p class='c000'>One of the attendants has seated himself in the foreground to mend his -broken bow. As the sound of the trumpets grows fainter, a band of Carthaginian -youth, hurrying to join the hunt, descry him and stop to laugh at him, -because he is left behind. He throws down his bow in disgust, and points in -the direction of the hunt with a gesture of impatience.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Attendant</em> (191-194):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Now look you, to our shores has come this Trojan prince</div> - <div class='line'>Whom Dido, our fair queen, has taken as her lord.</div> - <div class='line'>And now in dalliance fond the winter’s days they spend,</div> - <div class='line'>Unmindful of their heaven-appointed destinies,</div> - <div class='line'>And taken in the subtle snare of base desire.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Approval on the part of all the youth.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Meanwhile it has grown darker, and there comes a crash of thunder. All flee -in terror. As the storm increases, the courtiers flee across the scene in every -direction. The trumpets are heard calling through all the woods.</p> - -<p class='c000'>At last, amid the crash of thunder and the roar of the tempest, Dido and -Æneas enter, seeking a place of shelter. Discovering the cavern, they flee to -that. Lightning flashes, the thunder roars, the wild cries of the nymphs are heard.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The scene closes in almost utter darkness. Curtain.</p> -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span> - <h3 class='c003'>ACT III</h3> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span> - <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act III. Scene 1</span></h4> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/illus-p039.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>The temple of Jupiter Ammon in Libya. In the center of the stage an altar -(1), raised high from the level of the stage by four broad steps (2). Pillars of -barbaric form and decoration at the first and second wings (3), between which -are hung curtains (4) of rich, oriental pattern. At the second wing a wall (5) -joins the two pillars. In the distance (6), across a wide tract of desert, Carthage -can be seen, showing only as a cluster of glimmering lights except when -the lightning flashes fitfully along the horizon. The scene is lighted only by -the glare of the altar fire.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Iarbas wears a robe of scarlet worked in gold.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Iarbas</em>, kneeling before the altar, his face lifted defiantly upward (206-218):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O Jove omnipotent, to whom the Moorish race</div> - <div class='line'>From ‘broidered couches pour their offering of wine,</div> - <div class='line'>Dost thou regard th’ affairs of men? or is ‘t in vain</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span>We tremble, father, when thou hurl’st thy thunderbolts?</div> - <div class='line'>And is it only aimless flashings that we fear,</div> - <div class='line'>And meaningless vain mutterings that fill the sky?</div> - <div class='line'>That vagrant queen to whom we gave within our bounds</div> - <div class='line'>A site whereon to build her town, a bit of shore</div> - <div class='line'>To till, and granted full possession of the place,</div> - <div class='line'>Hath this our suit disdained and to her realm received</div> - <div class='line'>Æneas as her lord. And now that puny prince,</div> - <div class='line'>That Paris, with his train of weaklings, and his locks</div> - <div class='line'>Perfumed, bedecked and sheltered by a Phrygian cap,</div> - <div class='line'>Hath carried off the prize.—And we, poor fools, bring gifts</div> - <div class='line'>Unto thy temple and adore an empty shrine!</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Sullen mutterings of distant thunder. Curtain.</p> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Scenes 2 and 3</span></h4> - -<p class='c011'>The temple colonnade, as in Act I. Scene 1. Æneas, surrounded by -Achates, Ihoneus, and many other Trojans, is directing the work in the city -below them. He has in his hands the plan of the citadel, which he is tracing -for his countrymen. Mercury appears upon the temple steps, crosses the stage, -and stands a moment behind Æneas and his companions, unnoticed.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Mercury</em>, to Æneas, as the Trojans turn and discover him (265-276):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>And can it be that thou art building here the walls</div> - <div class='line'>Of Tyrian Carthage, and uprearing her fair towers,</div> - <div class='line'>Thou dotard, of thy realm and thy great destiny</div> - <div class='line'>Forgetful! Jove himself, the ruler of the gods,</div> - <div class='line'>Who holds the heavens and earth and moves them at his will,</div> - <div class='line'>To thee from bright Olympus straight hath sent me here.</div> - <div class='line'>He bade me bear on speeding pinions these commands:</div> - <div class='line'>What dost thou here? or with what hopes dost thou delay</div> - <div class='line'>Upon the Libyan shores? If thou, indeed, art moved</div> - <div class='line'>By no regard for thine own glorious destiny,</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span>Respect at least the budding hopes of him, thy son,</div> - <div class='line'>Who after thee shall hold the scepter; for to him</div> - <div class='line'>Are due the realms of Italy, the land of Rome.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>While Mercury is giving his message, Dido, followed by her maidens, comes -forth from the temple, and as she catches the import of his words, stands -horror-stricken upon the temple steps, unnoticed by Æneas or his men, whose -faces are turned intently toward Mercury.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em>, overwhelmed with astonishment, aside (281-294):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O Jove, and I had near forgot my destiny,</div> - <div class='line'>To oblivion lulled amid the sweets of this fair land!</div> - <div class='line'>But now my heart’s sole longing is for Italy,</div> - <div class='line'>Which waits me by the promise of the fates. But how</div> - <div class='line'>From this benumbing passion shall I free myself?</div> - <div class='line'>How face the queen and put away her clinging love?</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>To his attendants:</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Go ye, and swiftly call the Trojans to the shore;</div> - <div class='line'>Bid them equip the vessels quickly for the sea,</div> - <div class='line'>And frame for this our sudden voyage some fitting cause.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Mnestheus and the others withdraw to perform his commands. Æneas -remains buried in deep thought. He turns and sees Dido standing before -him. They gaze at each other in silence.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Dido</em> (305-330):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>And didst thou hope that thou couldst hide thy fell design,</div> - <div class='line'>O faithless, and in silence steal away from this</div> - <div class='line'>My land? Does not our love, and pledge of faith once given,</div> - <div class='line'>Nor thought of Dido, doomed to die a cruel death,</div> - <div class='line'>Detain thee? Can it be that under wintry skies</div> - <div class='line'>Thou wouldest launch thy fleet and urge thy onward way</div> - <div class='line'>Mid stormy blasts across the sea, O cruel one?</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>But what if not a stranger’s land and unknown homes</div> - <div class='line'>Thou soughtest; what if Troy, thy city, still remained:</div> - <div class='line'>Still wouldst thou fare to Troy along the wave-tossed sea?</div> - <div class='line'>Is ‘t I thou fleest? By these tears and thy right hand—</div> - <div class='line'>Since in my depth of crushing woe I’ve nothing left—</div> - <div class='line'>And by our marriage bond and sacred union joined,</div> - <div class='line'>If ever aught of mercy I have earned of thee,</div> - <div class='line'>If I have ever giv’n thee one sweet drop of joy,</div> - <div class='line'>Have pity on my falling house, and change, I pray,</div> - <div class='line'>Thy cruel purpose if there still is room for prayer.</div> - <div class='line'>For thee the Libyan races hate me, and my lords</div> - <div class='line'>Of Tyre; for thee my latest scruple was o’ercome;</div> - <div class='line'>My fame, by which I was ascending to the stars,</div> - <div class='line'>My kingdom, fates,—all these have I giv’n up for thee.</div> - <div class='line'>And thou, for whom dost thou abandon me, O guest?—</div> - <div class='line'>Since from the name of husband this sole name remains.</div> - <div class='line'>What wait I more? Is ‘t till Pygmalion shall come,</div> - <div class='line'>And lay my walls in ruins, or the desert prince,</div> - <div class='line'>Iarbas, lead me captive home? O cruel fate!</div> - <div class='line'>If only ere thou fled’st some pledge had been conceived</div> - <div class='line'>Of thee, if round my halls some son of thine might sport,</div> - <div class='line'>To bear thy name and bring thine image back to me,</div> - <div class='line'>Then truly should I seem not utterly bereft.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em>, seemingly unmoved by her appeal (333-361):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>I never shall gainsay, O Queen, that thy desert</div> - <div class='line'>Can equal all and more than all that thou canst claim;</div> - <div class='line'>And ever in the days to come ‘t will be my joy</div> - <div class='line'>Fair Dido to recall while memory serves me, while</div> - <div class='line'>My spirit animates these limbs.—To thine appeal</div> - <div class='line'>A brief reply. I did not hope to leave thy shores</div> - <div class='line'>By stealth—believe it or not—nor yet a husbands’ name</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>Have I desired, nor have I claimed the marriage bonds.</div> - <div class='line'>If under omens of my own it were ordained</div> - <div class='line'>That I should live, and lay aside at will the weight</div> - <div class='line'>Of destiny, then first of all would I restore</div> - <div class='line'>My Trojan city and the dear remains of all</div> - <div class='line'>I called my own; old Priam’s royal halls would still</div> - <div class='line'>Endure, and long ago would I have built again</div> - <div class='line'>Our ruined citadel of Pergama. But now</div> - <div class='line'>To mighty Italy Apollo’s oracle,</div> - <div class='line'>To Italy his lots command that I repair.</div> - <div class='line'>This is my love and this must be my fatherland.</div> - <div class='line'>If thou, though born in distant Tyre, art linked to this</div> - <div class='line'>Thy Carthage in the land of Libya, why, I pray,</div> - <div class='line'>Shouldst thou begrudge to us, the Trojan wanderers,</div> - <div class='line'>Ausonia’s land? ‘T is fate that we as well as thou</div> - <div class='line'>Should seek a foreign home. My sire Anchises’ shade</div> - <div class='line'>Invades my dreams with threats and admonition stern,</div> - <div class='line'>Whene’er with dewy shadows night o’erspreads the earth.</div> - <div class='line'>And when I think upon Ascanius and the wrong</div> - <div class='line'>That I am bringing on his head, though innocent,</div> - <div class='line'>My heart reproaches me that I am thwarting fate,</div> - <div class='line'>Which promised him the destined fields of Italy.</div> - <div class='line'>And now the very messenger of heav’n sent down</div> - <div class='line'>By Jove himself—I swear by both our lives—has brought</div> - <div class='line'>The mandate through the wind-swept air; I saw the god</div> - <div class='line'>Myself in open day invade thy city’s walls,</div> - <div class='line'>And with these very ears I heard his warning voice.</div> - <div class='line'>Then cease to vex thyself and me with these complaints;</div> - <div class='line'>‘T is not of mine own will I fare to Italy.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Æneas, as he speaks, has become as one seeing in vision the glorious future -of his race. Dido, who has stood with averted face and scornful look, now -turns upon him, in a passion of grief and rage.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span><em>Dido</em> (365-387):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Thou art no son of Venus, nor was Dardanus</div> - <div class='line'>The ancient founder of thy race, thou faithless one:</div> - <div class='line'>But Caucasus with rough and flinty crags begot,</div> - <div class='line'>And fierce Hyrcanian tigers suckled thee. For why</div> - <div class='line'>Should I restrain my speech, or greater evil wait?</div> - <div class='line'>Did he one sympathetic sigh of sorrow heave?</div> - <div class='line'>Did he one tear let fall, o’er-mastered by my grief?</div> - <div class='line'>Now neither Juno, mighty queen, nor father Jove</div> - <div class='line'>Impartial sees; for faith is everywhere betrayed.</div> - <div class='line'>That shipwrecked beggar in my folly did I take</div> - <div class='line'>And cause to sit upon my throne; I saved his fleet,</div> - <div class='line'>His friends I rescued—Oh, the furies drive me mad!</div> - <div class='line'>Now ‘t is Apollo’s dictate, now the Lycian lots,</div> - <div class='line'>And now “the very messenger of heaven sent down</div> - <div class='line'>By Jove himself” to bring this mandate through the air!</div> - <div class='line'>A fitting task is that for heaven’s immortal lords!</div> - <div class='line'>Such cares as these disturb their everlasting calm!</div> - <div class='line'>I seek not to detain nor answer thee; sail on</div> - <div class='line'>To Italy, seek fated realms beyond the seas.</div> - <div class='line'>For me, if pious prayers can aught avail, I pray</div> - <div class='line'>That thou amid the wrecking reefs mayst drain the cup</div> - <div class='line'>Of retribution to the dregs and vainly call</div> - <div class='line'>Upon the name of Dido. Distant though I be,</div> - <div class='line'>With fury’s torch will I pursue thee, and when death</div> - <div class='line'>Shall free my spirit, will I haunt thee everywhere.</div> - <div class='line'>O thou shalt meet thy punishment, perfidious one:</div> - <div class='line'>My soul shall know, for such glad news would penetrate</div> - <div class='line'>The lowest depths of hell.—</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>She works herself up to a frenzy, and as she finishes she turns to leave him -with queenly scorn, staggers, and falls. Her servants carry her from the scene, -leaving Æneas in agony of soul, struggling between love and duty. Curtain.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span> - <h3 class='c003'>Act IV</h3> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span> - <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act IV. Scene 1</span></h4> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>Dido’s chamber as in Act II. Scene 1. Anna sits in the foreground, spinning. -The old nurse, Barce, is bustling about, hanging up her mistress’ -brilliant robes, which she has cast aside for her old mourning gown of simple -white. Dido is seated at the latticed window watching the Trojans in the -harbor below prepare for their departure. She is weeping.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Barce</em>, coming cautiously to Anna so that Dido may not hear (416-418):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Behold, how eagerly the Trojans launch their ships.</div> - <div class='line'>In their mad zeal they hurry timbers from the woods,</div> - <div class='line'>Unhewn and rough, from which to shape their masts and oars,</div> - <div class='line'>While from the city shoreward rush the fleeing men.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>The shouts of the sailors are heard. Dido groans. Anna, hastily putting -aside her work, goes to her sister, whose face is buried in her hands. Barce -takes up the spinning, stopping at times to wipe her eyes.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Dido</em>, lifting her face to her sister (416-418):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Thou seest, Anna, how they haste from every side,</div> - <div class='line'>And how the bustle of departure fills the shore.</div> - <div class='line'>The vessels float, the swelling sails salute the breeze,</div> - <div class='line'>And now the sailors crown the sterns with festive wreaths!</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>She gives way to her tears.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Anna</em>, caressing her sister:</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Alas, my sister, for thy sighs and grieving tears,</div> - <div class='line'>Thy love abandoned and thy trusting faith betrayed!</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Dido</em> (419-434):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>If this great grief in expectation I have borne,</div> - <div class='line'>Then truly shall I patience have to bear it still.</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>But, sister, grant me in my woe this one request—</div> - <div class='line'>For yonder faithless one was wont to cherish thee</div> - <div class='line'>Alone, and trust to thee his heart; and thou alone</div> - <div class='line'>Dost know the fav’ring time and method of approach</div> - <div class='line'>To try the man:—go, sister, and in suppliant strain</div> - <div class='line'>Address our haughty foe: I took no oath with Greece</div> - <div class='line'>At wind-swept Aulis to o’erthrow the Trojan State,</div> - <div class='line'>Nor did I send a hostile fleet to Pergama,</div> - <div class='line'>Nor desecrate the sacred ashes of his sire,</div> - <div class='line'>That now he should refuse to bend his ear to me.</div> - <div class='line'>Go, say his hapless lover makes this last request:</div> - <div class='line'>That he wait an easy voyage and a fav’ring gale.</div> - <div class='line'>No longer do I ask a husband’s love denied,</div> - <div class='line'>Nor yet that he abandon his fair land and realm;</div> - <div class='line'>Time, only time, I ask, a little space of rest</div> - <div class='line'>From this mad grief, till Fortune give me fortitude,</div> - <div class='line'>And teach me how to bear my woe.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Anna</em>, preparing to go (412):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in34'>O love betrayed,</div> - <div class='line'>To what despair dost thou not drive the hearts of men?</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='c007'>Exit Anna.</div> - -<p class='c000'>Dido, at the window, watches her sister as she takes her way down to the -harbor. When she can no longer see her in the gathering twilight, she turns -with a sigh to her chamber.</p> - -<p class='c000'>The old nurse, Barce, totters to her. Dido places her head wearily on the -old woman’s shoulder. Barce, drawing her to a couch, tries to soothe her. -Dido starts up in terror, as if she saw some fearful shape. She flees before it -to her husband’s shrine, and is only recalled from the fancy when she finds the -curtains drawn before it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Barce comes tremblingly to her. Dido in bitter remorse draws the curtains -from the shrine and kneels before it. Barce hurries away and soon returns -with a lighted candle, which she brings to her mistress. Dido lights the -censer. Curtain.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span> - <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act IV. Scene 2</span></h4> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>The same chamber in Dido’s palace. The shrine of Sychæus is adorned -with flowers; fire glows on the altar. Barce sits spinning at one side.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Dido is pacing the room with fierce energy. She goes to the window from -time to time, then renews her fierce walking to and fro. Suddenly she presses -her hand to her head as if a new thought had come to her. Her face assumes -an expression of cunning. She picks up a golden goblet, and with a gesture -to the old woman sends her to fill it.</p> - -<p class='c000'>When Barce has gone, Dido stealthily but quickly takes Æneas’ sword from -the wall, and, seating herself, with trembling fingers draws it from its scabbard. -She feels the edge, shrinking in terror at the thought of her intended -suicide. With a shudder, she presses the cold blade against her neck.</p> - -<p class='c000'>As she is thus meditating, her sister is heard coming. Dido quickly conceals -the sword beneath the draperies of the couch. She assumes an air of gayety, -kissing her sister and drawing her to a seat.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Dido</em> (478-498):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>I’ve found a way, my sister—give me joy—to bring</div> - <div class='line'>Him back to me, or free me from the love of him.</div> - <div class='line'>Hard by the confines of the Ocean in the west</div> - <div class='line'>The Æthiop country lies, where mighty Atlas holds</div> - <div class='line'>Upon his giant shoulders heaven’s vault, all set</div> - <div class='line'>With stars. There dwells a priestess skilled in magic art,</div> - <div class='line'>Of the Massylian race, and guardian of the shrine</div> - <div class='line'>Of the Hesperides; her care, the dragon huge</div> - <div class='line'>To which she offers honeydew and soothing herbs,</div> - <div class='line'>The while she guards the precious boughs.—She claims the power</div> - <div class='line'>At will to free the soul from sorrow with her charms,</div> - <div class='line'>Or burden it with care; to stop the rapid stream,</div> - <div class='line'>And backward roll the stars; the shades of darkness too</div> - <div class='line'>Can she awake, and at her bidding shalt thou hear</div> - <div class='line'>The rumbling earth beneath thy feet, and see the trees</div> - <div class='line'>Descend the mountain slopes.—I swear it by the gods</div> - <div class='line'>And thee, unwillingly I seek the magic art.</div> - <div class='line'>Do thou within the palace rear a lofty pyre,</div> - <div class='line'>And place upon its top the faithless hero’s arms</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span>Which in his flight he left within our halls, yea all</div> - <div class='line'>That he has left, and then our wedding couch, my cause</div> - <div class='line'>Of woe, my heart is set to banish every trace</div> - <div class='line'>Of that perfidious one, and this the priestess bids.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Anna assents to her plan and hurries away to execute it. Dido quickly -takes the sword from its hiding-place and in tremulous haste hangs it again -upon the wall. Barce enters. Dido turns, fearing detection, but seeing that -the old nurse has not suspected her, she takes the cup in her trembling fingers -and drains it. Curtain.</p> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act IV. Scene 3</span></h4> - -<p class='c011'>Dido’s chamber, night. Dido is seated in the moonlight that streams through -the open casement. A band of maidens, clad in white, are singing softly to -her.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Chorus of maidens</em> (apropos of 522-528):</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>[For music, see p. <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>]</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>‘T is eve; ‘t is night; a holy quiet broods</div> - <div class='line'>O’er the mute world—winds, waters are at peace;</div> - <div class='line'>The beasts lie couch’d amid unstirring woods,</div> - <div class='line'>The fishes slumber in the sounds and seas;</div> - <div class='line'>No twitt’ring bird sings farewell from the trees.</div> - <div class='line'>Hushed is the dragon’s cry, the lion’s roar;</div> - <div class='line'>Beneath her glooms a glad oblivion frees</div> - <div class='line'>The heart from care, its weary labors o’er,</div> - <div class='line'>Carrying divine repose and sweetness to its core.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='c007'>[Selected from Tasso]</div> - -<p class='c000'>They quietly withdraw. Dido is convulsed with weeping.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Dido</em> (529-532; 534-552):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>But not for me, unhappy one, this night’s sweet calm;</div> - <div class='line'>My cares redouble and o’erwhelm me with their flood.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>She leaves the window and paces the room.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span>Ah me, what shall I do? My former suitors seek</div> - <div class='line'>And be again rejected? Shall I humbly court</div> - <div class='line'>Numidia’s lords whose suit I have so often scorned?</div> - <div class='line'>Or shall I rather follow haughty Ilium’s fleet,</div> - <div class='line'>Submissive to their every will?—Because in sooth,</div> - <div class='line'>‘T is sweet to be delivered, and my former aid</div> - <div class='line'>Still dwells within their faithful memory? But who,</div> - <div class='line'>Though I should wish it, would permit me, or receive</div> - <div class='line'>The hated Dido in their haughty ships? Ah, poor,</div> - <div class='line'>Deluded one, dost thou not know, dost thou not still</div> - <div class='line'>Perceive the frailty of a Trojan oath? What then?</div> - <div class='line'>Shall I forsake my kingdom and accompany</div> - <div class='line'>The joyful sailors, or with all my Tyrian bands</div> - <div class='line'>Around me, follow in pursuit and force again</div> - <div class='line'>My friends upon the deep and bid them spread their sails,</div> - <div class='line'>My comrades whom with pain I weaned from Sidon’s halls?</div> - <div class='line'>Nay, nay! as thou deservest, die, and with the sword</div> - <div class='line'>Thy sorrows end. O why was it not given me</div> - <div class='line'>To spend my life from wedlock and its sorrows free,</div> - <div class='line'>As beasts within their forest lairs? Or why, alas,</div> - <div class='line'>Was not my promise to Sychæus’ ashes kept?</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>She sprinkles incense on the flame at the shrine of Sychæus. Dawn begins -to brighten. The sailors are heard singing in the distance. Dido starts. She -rushes to the window, and looking out, sees the Trojan fleet sailing away over -the sea. She cries out in frenzy.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Dido</em> (590-629):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Ye gods! and shall he go, and mock our royal power?</div> - <div class='line'>Why not to arms and send our forces in pursuit,</div> - <div class='line'>And bid them hurry down the vessels from the shore?</div> - <div class='line'>Ho there, my men, quick, fetch the torches, seize your arms,</div> - <div class='line'>And man the oars!—What am I saying? where am I?</div> - <div class='line'>What madness turns my brain? O most unhappy queen,</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_52'>52</span>Is it thus thy evil deeds are coming back to thee?</div> - <div class='line'>Such fate was just when thou didst yield thy scepter up.—</div> - <div class='line'>Lo, <em>there ‘s</em> the fealty of him who, rumor says,</div> - <div class='line'>His country’s gods with him in all his wandering bears</div> - <div class='line'>And on his shoulders bore his sire from burning Troy!</div> - <div class='line'>Why could I not have torn his body limb from limb,</div> - <div class='line'>And strewed his members on the deep? and slain his friends,</div> - <div class='line'>His son Ascanius, and served his mangled limbs</div> - <div class='line'>To grace his father’s feast?—Such conflict might have had</div> - <div class='line'>A doubtful issue.—Grant it might, but whom had I,</div> - <div class='line'>Foredoomed to death, to fear? I might have fired his camp,</div> - <div class='line'>His ships, and wrapped in common ruin father, son,</div> - <div class='line'>And all the race, and given myself to crown the doom</div> - <div class='line'>Of all.—O Sun, who with thy shining rays dost see</div> - <div class='line'>All mortal deeds; O Juno, who dost know and thus</div> - <div class='line'>Canst judge the grievous cares of wedlock; thou whom wild</div> - <div class='line'>And shrieking women worship through the dusky streets,</div> - <div class='line'>O Hecate; and ye avenging Furies;—ye,</div> - <div class='line'>The gods of failing Dido, come and bend your power</div> - <div class='line'>To these my woes and hear my prayer. If yonder wretch</div> - <div class='line'>Must enter port and reach his land decreed by fate,</div> - <div class='line'>If thus the laws of Jove ordain, this order holds:</div> - <div class='line'>But, torn in war, a hardy people’s foeman, far</div> - <div class='line'>From friends and young Iulus’ arms, may he be forced</div> - <div class='line'>To seek a Grecian stranger’s aid, and may he see</div> - <div class='line'>The death of many whom he loves. And when at last</div> - <div class='line'>A meager peace on doubtful terms he has secured,</div> - <div class='line'>May he no pleasure find in kingdom or in life;</div> - <div class='line'>But may he fall untimely, and unburied lie</div> - <div class='line'>Upon some solitary strand. This, this I pray,</div> - <div class='line'>And with my latest breath this final wish proclaim.</div> - <div class='line'>Then, O my Tyrians, with a bitter hate pursue</div> - <div class='line'>The whole accursèd race, and send this to my shade</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span>As welcome tribute. Let there be no amity</div> - <div class='line'>Between our peoples. Rise thou from my bones,</div> - <div class='line'>O some avenger, who with deadly sword and brand</div> - <div class='line'>Shall scathe the Trojan exiles, now, in time to come,</div> - <div class='line'>Whenever chance and strength shall favor. Be our shores</div> - <div class='line'>To shores opposed, our waves to waves, and arms to arms,</div> - <div class='line'>Eternal, deadly foes through all posterity.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>The servants rush in terrified during her passionate speech, and as she utters -her curse, stand cowering before her. She dismisses with a gesture all except -old Barce, who approaches her mistress.</p> - -<p class='c000'>(634-640):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Go, bring my sister Anna hither, dearest nurse:</div> - <div class='line'>In flowing water bid her haste to bathe her limbs,</div> - <div class='line'>And bring the rightful sacrifices of the flock.</div> - <div class='line'>So let her come. And thou with pious fillets gird</div> - <div class='line'>Thy temples; for to Stygian Jove my mind is fixed</div> - <div class='line'>To carry on the magic sacrifice begun,</div> - <div class='line'>And end my cares, and to devouring flames consign</div> - <div class='line'>The relics of that cursed son of Dardanus.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Barce totters away to do her bidding. Dido takes Æneas’ mantle and sword -from the wall, and unsheathes the sword.</p> - -<p class='c000'>(651-662):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Sweet pledges of my lord, while fate and god allowed,</div> - <div class='line'>Accept this soul of mine, and free me from my cares.</div> - <div class='line'>For I have lived and run the course that Fortune set;</div> - <div class='line'>And now my stately soul to Hades shall descend.</div> - <div class='line'>A noble city have I built; my husband’s death</div> - <div class='line'>Have I avenged, and on my brother’s head my wrath</div> - <div class='line'>Inflicted. Happy, ah too happy, had the keels</div> - <div class='line'>Of Troy ne’er touched my shores!—And shall I perish thus?—</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_54'>54</span>But let me perish. Thus, oh thus, ‘t is sweet to seek</div> - <div class='line'>The land of shadows.—May the heartless Trojan see,</div> - <div class='line'>As on he fares across the deep, my blazing pyre,</div> - <div class='line'>And bear with him the gloomy omens of my death.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>She rushes forth from the chamber in her frenzy. The sailors’ chorus is -repeated fainter and fainter. In a moment her death cry is heard. The servants -rush in, and finding their mistress gone, hasten in the direction of her cry. -Their lamentation is heard. They return bearing the body of the queen upon -a couch. She has fainted, and upon her bosom the wound shows red and -terrible. Anna enters, beside herself with grief.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Anna</em>, kneeling beside the couch, addresses Dido, who revives enough to -smile upon her sister (676-685):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Was it for this, O sister, thou didst seek to hide</div> - <div class='line'>Thy heart from me? Was this the meaning of the pyre,</div> - <div class='line'>And this the altar fires? What plaint in my despair</div> - <div class='line'>Shall I offer first? And didst thou spurn me, in thy death?</div> - <div class='line'>Thou shouldst instead have bidden me to share thy fate;</div> - <div class='line'>The selfsame moment should have reft the lives of both.</div> - <div class='line'>And with these impious hands did I thine altar rear,</div> - <div class='line'>And with this voice unto our country’s gods appeal,</div> - <div class='line'>That, heartless, I might fail thee in this final hour?</div> - <div class='line'>O sister, here hast thou destroyed thyself and me,</div> - <div class='line'>Thy people, thy Sidonian fathers and thy realm.</div> - <div class='line'>With soothing water let me bathe her flowing wounds,</div> - <div class='line'>And if there hovers on her lips the fleeting breath,</div> - <div class='line'>With my own lips I claim it in the kiss of death.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>The sailors’ chorus sounds in the distance. Aroused by this, the dying -queen half raises herself upon the couch. The servants throw open the casement -and the Trojan ships are seen far away, sailing off over the sea.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Dido falls back lifeless. Curtain.</p> -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span> - <h3 class='c003'>MUSIC</h3> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_56'>56</span> - <h4 class='c012'>SONGS</h4> -</div> - -<table class='table0' summary='SONGS'> - <tr> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'>PAGE</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c013'><span class='sc'>Prelude</span></td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#Page_57'>57</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td class='c015' colspan='2'>The authors are indebted to Professor A. A. Stanley of the University of Michigan for the accompaniment to this air.</td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c013'><span class='sc'>Hymn to the Dawn</span></td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#Page_61'>61</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c013'><span class='sc'>Invocation</span></td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#Page_69'>69</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c013'><span class='sc'>Song of Iopas</span></td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#Page_72'>72</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c013'><span class='sc'>Slumber Song</span></td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#Page_81'>81</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span> - <h4 class='c012'>PRELUDE</h4> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c004'> - <div>To be sung in unison before the curtain.</div> - <div class='c002'>[<a href="music/1_prelude.mid">Listen</a>]</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<a href='images/music-p057-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p057.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span> -<a href='images/music-p058-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p058.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span> -<a href='images/music-p059-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p059.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_60'>60</span> -<a href='images/music-p060-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p060.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span> - <h4 class='c010'>HYMN TO THE DAWN</h4> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c002'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Act I. Scene 1</span></div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='c007'>Chorus of Carthaginian Maidens</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div class='c002'>[<a href="music/2_hymndawnsynth.mid">Listen</a>]</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<a href='images/music-p061-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p061.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span> -<a href='images/music-p062-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p062.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_63'>63</span> -<a href='images/music-p063-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p063.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_64'>64</span> -<a href='images/music-p064-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p064.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_65'>65</span> -<a href='images/music-p065-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p065.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_66'>66</span> -<a href='images/music-p066-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p066.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_67'>67</span> -<a href='images/music-p067-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p067.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_68'>68</span> -<a href='images/music-p068-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p068.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_69'>69</span> - <h4 class='c010'>INVOCATION</h4> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><span class='sc'>Act I. Scene 3</span></div> - <div class='c002'>[<a href="music/3_invocation.mid">Listen</a>]</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<a href='images/music-p069-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p069.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_70'>70</span> -<a href='images/music-p070-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p070.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_71'>71</span> -<a href='images/music-p071-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p071.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_72'>72</span> - <h4 class='c010'>SONG OF IOPAS</h4> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c002'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Act I. Scene 3</span></div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='c007'>Adapted from Chopin, Nocturne in G minor</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div class='c002'>[<a href="music/song_opias.mid">Listen part 1</a>]</div> - <div>[<a href="music/opiasa.mid">Listen part 2</a>]</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<a href='images/music-p072-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p072.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_73'>73</span> -<a href='images/music-p073-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p073.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_74'>74</span> -<a href='images/music-p074-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p074.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_75'>75</span> -<a href='images/music-p075-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p075.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_76'>76</span> -<a href='images/music-p076-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p076.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_77'>77</span> -<a href='images/music-p077-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p077.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_78'>78</span> -<a href='images/music-p078-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p078.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_79'>79</span> -<a href='images/music-p079-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p079.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_80'>80</span> -<a href='images/music-p080-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p080.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_81'>81</span> - <h4 class='c010'>SLUMBER SONG</h4> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c002'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Act IV. Scene 3</span> Chorus of Maidens</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='c007'>Words from Tasso; Ger. Lib. II. 96</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div class='c002'>[<a href="music/3_invocation.mid">Listen</a>]</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<a href='images/music-p081-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p081.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_82'>82</span> -<a href='images/music-p082-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p082.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_83'>83</span> -<a href='images/music-p083-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p083.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_84'>84</span> -<a href='images/music-p084-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p084.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_85'>85</span> -<a href='images/music-p085-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p085.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_86'>86</span> -<a href='images/music-p086-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p086.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_87'>87</span> -<a href='images/music-p087-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p087.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_88'>88</span> -<a href='images/music-p088-large.jpg'><img src='images/music-p088.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /></a> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span> - <h2 id='II' class='c005'>II<br /> The Fall of Troy</h2> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span>Illustrious Troy! renown’d in every clime</div> - <div class='line'>Through the long records of succeeding time;</div> - <div class='line'>Who saw protecting gods from heaven descend</div> - <div class='line'>Full oft, thy royal bulwarks to defend.</div> - <div class='line'>Though chiefs unnumber’d in her cause were slain,</div> - <div class='line'>With fate the gods and heroes fought in vain;</div> - <div class='line'>That refuge of perfidious Helen’s shame</div> - <div class='line'>At midnight was involved in Grecian flame;</div> - <div class='line'>And now, by time’s deep ploughshare harrow’d o’er,</div> - <div class='line'>The seat of sacred Troy is found no more.</div> - <div class='line'>No trace of her proud fabrics now remains,</div> - <div class='line'>But corn and vines enrich her cultured plains.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='c007'><span class='sc'>Falconer</span>, <em>Shipwreck</em>.</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_92'>92</span> - <h3 class='c003'>THE PERSONS OF THE DRAMA</h3> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Æneas</span>, son of Anchises and Venus, son-in-law of Priam, and, since the death of Hector, the leader of the Trojan war-chiefs.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Priam</span>, king of Troy, now enfeebled by age.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Anchises</span>, the aged father of Æneas.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Laocoön</span>, a son of Priam and priest of Apollo.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Panthus</span>, a Trojan noble, priest of Apollo.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Corœbus</span>, a Phrygian noble, ally of Priam, in love with Cassandra.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>The Ghost of Hector.</span></div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Ascanius</span>, son of Æneas and Creüsa (silent).</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Venus</span>, the goddess of love, mother of Æneas.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Hecuba</span>, wife of Priam.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Creüsa</span>, wife of Æneas.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Cassandra</span>, daughter of Priam, reputed to be mad.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Pyrrhus</span>, son of Achilles, leader of the Greeks in their final attack upon Troy.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Sinon</span>, a Greek tool, through whose treachery the Trojans were induced to admit the wooden horse within their walls.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Androgeos</span>, a Greek chieftain.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Trojan</span> warriors, nobles, and commons, shepherds, priestly attendants, boys, women, etc.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Greek</span> warriors.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span> - <h3 class='c003'>ACT I</h3> -</div> - -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span></div> -<div class='ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>The Fall of Troy</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act I. Scene 1</span></h4> - -<p class='c011'>The plain in front of Troy; the city walls; the sea; and, in the distance, -Tenedos. Morning, without the gates. Joyful crowds of men, women, and -children pour through the open doors. They gather about the strange wooden -horse which stands without, and excitedly inquire what it means, and what -shall be done with it. Thymoetes voices the sentiment of one party that it -should be taken within the walls and set upon the citadel; while Capys and -his adherents urge that they should examine the mystery where it stands, and -destroy it. Great confusion reigns. The sentiment of Thymoetes seems about -to prevail (26-39).</p> - -<p class='c000'>Enter Laocoön, running, followed by a band of priestly attendants, and -shouting while still at some distance.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Laocoön</em> (42-49):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>What madness, wretched citizens, is this?</div> - <div class='line'>Can you believe your enemies have fled,</div> - <div class='line'>Or can you think that any gifts of Greeks</div> - <div class='line'>Are innocent of guile? So have you learned</div> - <div class='line'>To judge Ulysses? No, within this horse</div> - <div class='line'>The crafty Greeks are lying even now,</div> - <div class='line'>Or else its towering bulk has been contrived</div> - <div class='line'>To give them spying place upon our homes,</div> - <div class='line'>Or chance to scale our city’s battlements.</div> - <div class='line'>Be sure some dark design is hidden here.</div> - <div class='line'>Trust not the horse, my friends; whate’er it is,</div> - <div class='line'>I fear the Greeks, though armed with gifts alone.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>He hurls his spear, which sticks fast in the wooden horse and stands -quivering there.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_96'>96</span> - <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Scene 2</span></h4> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>Enter Trojan shepherds, dragging in a man bound with thongs. They -approach the king. The bystanders jibe at and mock the captive. The -unknown stands as if bewildered and distraught, and at last cries (69-72):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Where now, alas, can I a refuge find</div> - <div class='line'>On land or sea? What chance of life remains</div> - <div class='line'>For one who can no longer claim a place</div> - <div class='line'>Among the Greeks? and now his bloody death</div> - <div class='line'>The vengeful sons of Dardanus demand.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>The Trojans in wonder and with growing pity urge him to explain himself. -He at last proceeds, having with an apparent effort regained his self control -(77-104):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>All things and truly will I tell to thee,</div> - <div class='line'>O king, whatever comes, nor will I seek</div> - <div class='line'>To hide that I am Grecian born. This first;</div> - <div class='line'>For though in woe my fate has plunged me deep</div> - <div class='line'>It shall not make me false and faithless too.</div> - <div class='line'>If any chance report has touched your ears</div> - <div class='line'>With Palamedes’ name, great Belus’ son,</div> - <div class='line'>Whom, though he was all innocent of guile,</div> - <div class='line'>Yet still, because his voice was ever raised</div> - <div class='line'>Against the war, by accusations false</div> - <div class='line'>The Greeks condemned, and sent to gloomy death;</div> - <div class='line'>But whom they now with fruitless grief lament:</div> - <div class='line'>To him my sire, while yet the war was young,</div> - <div class='line'>By poverty impelled, consigned his son</div> - <div class='line'>To serve the prince, by double ties endeared</div> - <div class='line'>Of blood and comradeship</div> - <div class='line in26'>While he in power</div> - <div class='line'>And in the councils of the kings stood high,</div> - <div class='line'>I, too, by his reflected light, enjoyed</div> - <div class='line'>Both name and fair renown. But when at last,</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_97'>97</span>Through false Ulysses’ murderous hate and guile,</div> - <div class='line'>(I speak what you do know), his death was wrought;</div> - <div class='line'>In deep distress, in darkness and in woe</div> - <div class='line'>I spent my days, and mourned the hapless fate</div> - <div class='line'>Of my poor friend. And, maddened by my grief,</div> - <div class='line'>I would not hold my peace, but loudly swore,</div> - <div class='line'>That if the fates of war should bring me back</div> - <div class='line'>As victor to my native land of Greece,</div> - <div class='line'>I should full vengeance take; and by my words</div> - <div class='line'>Dire hatred ‘gainst my luckless self I roused.</div> - <div class='line'>Here was the fountain source of all my woes;</div> - <div class='line'>From now Ulysses, crafty enemy,</div> - <div class='line'>Began to spread vague hints among the Greeks,</div> - <div class='line'>Prefer strange charges, and to seek some cause</div> - <div class='line'>Against me, conscious in his heart of guilt.</div> - <div class='line'>Nor did he rest, until by Calchas’ aid—</div> - <div class='line'>But why do I rehearse this senseless tale</div> - <div class='line'>To heedless ears? Or wherefore should I seek</div> - <div class='line'>To stay your hands, if ‘tis enough to hear</div> - <div class='line'>That I am Greek, and in your hostile minds</div> - <div class='line'>All Greeks are judged alike.</div> - <div class='line in30'>Come, glut your hate</div> - <div class='line'>Upon me. For Ulysses would rejoice</div> - <div class='line'>To know that I am dead, and Atreus’ sons</div> - <div class='line'>Would gladly purchase this with great reward.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Here the stranger pauses in seeming despair and resignation to his fate. -The Trojans urge him to go on with his story. He resumes (108-144):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Full oft the Greeks, in utter weariness</div> - <div class='line'>Of that long siege, desired to abandon Troy,</div> - <div class='line'>And seek their homes again. Oh, that they had!</div> - <div class='line'>But whensoe’er they addressed them to the sea,</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_98'>98</span>Rough wintry blasts and storms affrighted them.</div> - <div class='line'>And when this horse, of wooden timbers framed,</div> - <div class='line'>Completed stood, a votive offering,</div> - <div class='line'>The winds from every quarter of the heavens</div> - <div class='line'>Howled threateningly. To seek the will of Heaven,</div> - <div class='line'>The anxious Greeks despatch Eurypylus</div> - <div class='line'>To Phœbus’ oracle. He straight reports</div> - <div class='line'>Apollo’s mandate grim and terrible:</div> - <div class='line'>“Before, O Greeks, ye sailed to Troia’s shores,</div> - <div class='line'>Ye first had need to appease the angry winds</div> - <div class='line'>With bloody sacrifice—a maiden’s death</div> - <div class='line'>E’en so, by blood must your return be sought;</div> - <div class='line'>Again must Grecian life atonement make.”</div> - <div class='line'>When this dire oracle among the crowd,</div> - <div class='line'>From ear to ear, from lip to lip was spread,</div> - <div class='line'>They stood with horror stunned, and chilling fear</div> - <div class='line'>Their inmost hearts with dire forebodings filled.</div> - <div class='line'>They trembling ask for whom the fates prepare,</div> - <div class='line'>Whom does Apollo seek in punishment?</div> - <div class='line'>Then comes the Ithacan with clamor loud,</div> - <div class='line'>The prophet Calchas dragging in our midst,</div> - <div class='line'>And bids with charge insistent that he tell</div> - <div class='line'>The will of heaven. And now from many lips</div> - <div class='line'>The grim forebodings of Ulysses’ guile</div> - <div class='line'>Assail my ears, while all in silence wait</div> - <div class='line'>To see the end. Ten days the seer was mute,</div> - <div class='line'>Hid in his tent, refusing steadily</div> - <div class='line'>By word of his to doom a man to death.</div> - <div class='line'>At length, his feigned reluctance at an end,</div> - <div class='line'>And goaded by Ulysses’ clamors loud,</div> - <div class='line'>He spoke, and named me as the sacrifice.</div> - <div class='line'>All gave assent; and while each feared a doom</div> - <div class='line'>Which might befall himself, they calmly bore</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_99'>99</span>When on my wretched head they saw it light.</div> - <div class='line'>And now the day of horror was at hand.</div> - <div class='line'>All things were ready for the sacrifice;</div> - <div class='line'>The salted meal was sprinkled on my head,</div> - <div class='line'>And round my brows the fatal fillets twined.</div> - <div class='line'>Then, I confess it, did I break my bonds.</div> - <div class='line'>I fled from death and in the sedgy reeds</div> - <div class='line'>Along the muddy margin of a lake</div> - <div class='line'>All night I lay in hiding, hoping there</div> - <div class='line'>To lurk until their homeward sails were spread.</div> - <div class='line'>And now my country dear I ne’er shall see,</div> - <div class='line'>My darling children and my aged sire</div> - <div class='line'>Whose face I long to see. But they are doomed</div> - <div class='line'>To pay the penalty which I escaped,</div> - <div class='line'>And by their death repair this fault of mine.</div> - <div class='line'>But by the gods above, divinities</div> - <div class='line'>Who with impartial eyes behold the truth,</div> - <div class='line'>If anywhere there still abides with men</div> - <div class='line'>Unsullied faith, I beg you, pity me</div> - <div class='line'>Who have endured so dire a weight of woe,</div> - <div class='line'>A soul that has been foully overborne.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>The Trojans are moved to tears by this tale of woe; and Priam bids the -chains be stricken from him. He then addresses the prisoner with friendly words.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Priam</em> (148-151):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Whoe’er thou art, away with thoughts of Greeks.</div> - <div class='line'>Be man of ours. And, as I question thee,</div> - <div class='line'>Give true reply. What means this monster horse?</div> - <div class='line'>Who first proposed, and what its purpose here?</div> - <div class='line'>Is it some votive gift, or does it stand</div> - <div class='line'>Against our walls as enginery of war?</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Sinon stretches his freed hands to the heavens. He speaks excitedly and -as one inspired.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_100'>100</span><em>Sinon</em> (154-194):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O ye eternal fires, be witness now,</div> - <div class='line'>Ye heavenly stars, divine, inviolate,</div> - <div class='line'>Ye cursed knives, and altars which I fled,</div> - <div class='line'>Ye fillets which as victim doomed I wore:</div> - <div class='line'>‘Tis right for me to break all sacred oaths</div> - <div class='line'>Which bound me to the Greeks; ‘tis right to hate,</div> - <div class='line'>And blab their secrets to the common air.</div> - <div class='line'>I’ll not be held by any ties of land</div> - <div class='line'>Or law. Do thou but keep thy promises,</div> - <div class='line'>O Troy, and, saved by me, keep plighted faith,</div> - <div class='line'>If I with truth shall make thee rich returns.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Recovering himself, he goes on more quietly, and with an air of perfect -sincerity.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>The Greeks’ whole hope and confidence in war</div> - <div class='line'>Had rested from the first on Pallas’ aid.</div> - <div class='line'>But from the time when godless Diomede,</div> - <div class='line'>And that curst Ithacan, expert in crime,</div> - <div class='line'>Dared desecrate the goddess’ sacred fane,</div> - <div class='line'>Dared drag her mystic image forth, and kill</div> - <div class='line'>Her faithful guard, and on her virgin locks</div> - <div class='line'>Lay bloody, lustful hands unconsecrate:</div> - <div class='line'>From then their hopes kept ebbing back and back,</div> - <div class='line'>Their powers were shattered and their goddess’ aid</div> - <div class='line'>Denied. And she with no uncertain signs</div> - <div class='line'>Revealed at once her outraged deity.</div> - <div class='line'>Scarce had the sacred image reached the camp,</div> - <div class='line'>When glittering flames blazed from the staring eyes,</div> - <div class='line'>And salty perspiration down her limbs</div> - <div class='line'>Went streaming; and, oh wonderful to say,</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_101'>101</span>Thrice from the ground, accoutered as she was</div> - <div class='line'>With shield and quivering spear, the image leaped.</div> - <div class='line'>Straitway did Calchas prophecy that all</div> - <div class='line'>Must forth again in flight upon the sea;</div> - <div class='line'>That Troy could never by Argolic arms</div> - <div class='line'>Be overthrown, save as they back again</div> - <div class='line'>To sacred Argos fared and there regained</div> - <div class='line'>That heavenly favor which they first had brought</div> - <div class='line'>To Ilium.</div> - <div class='line in10'>And now have they indeed</div> - <div class='line'>Gone back to Greece, to seek fresh auspices,</div> - <div class='line'>And win once more the blessing of the gods.</div> - <div class='line'>And soon, and suddenly, the sea retraced,</div> - <div class='line'>Will they be here again. So Calchas bade.</div> - <div class='line'>Meanwhile, by that same prophet warned, did they</div> - <div class='line'>This wooden image fashion to appease</div> - <div class='line'>Th’ offended goddess, and atonement make</div> - <div class='line'>To her outraged divinity. And more—</div> - <div class='line'>The prophet bade them form an image huge</div> - <div class='line'>Of oaken beams, of such proportions vast</div> - <div class='line'>That through no gate of Troy could it be led,</div> - <div class='line'>Nor set within the walls, lest thus once more</div> - <div class='line'>The people from their ancient deity</div> - <div class='line'>Protection find. For if Minerva’s gift</div> - <div class='line'>Should by your hands be desecrated, then</div> - <div class='line'>Would dreadful doom (Heaven send it on <em>their</em> heads)</div> - <div class='line'>Upon old Priam and his Phrygians come;</div> - <div class='line'>But if within your walls this sacred horse</div> - <div class='line'>Should by your voluntary hands be set,</div> - <div class='line'>Then would all Asia rise with one accord,</div> - <div class='line'>And sweep in mighty war against the Greeks,</div> - <div class='line'>And that dire doom upon our grandsons fall.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_102'>102</span> - <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Scene 3</span></h4> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>The Trojans are entirely satisfied with this explanation and treat Sinon with -respectful consideration. At this juncture, two huge serpents come up out of -the sea, and, while the people flee shrieking away on all sides, they make their -way to Laocoön where he stands sacrificing at the altar, and enfold him and -his two sons in their deadly coils (195-227).</p> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Scene 4</span></h4> - -<p class='c011'>Great excitement follows. People say that Laocoön has perished justly, -since he impiously violated the sacred horse, and loudly demand that the -creature be taken within the walls (228-249):</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>A voice from the crowd</em>:</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Oh, dreadful punishment, but well deserved,</div> - <div class='line'>For with his impious spear he smote the oak,</div> - <div class='line'>The sacred wood to Pallas consecrate.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Another voice</em>:</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Now haste we and within our city lead</div> - <div class='line'>This horse portentous, and with humble prayer</div> - <div class='line'>Minerva’s aid and pardoning favor seek.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>They hastily enlarge the gate, attach ropes to the horse, and put rollers -under its feet, many willing hands lay hold of the ropes and pull the horse -along. Boys and girls dance and sing around the workers. The horse sticks -at the threshold of the gate, and Cassandra, who has been looking on as one -entranced, cries out forebodingly.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Cassandra</em>:</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O fatherland! O Ilium, home of gods!</div> - <div class='line'>Ye walls of Troy, in war illustrious!</div> - <div class='line'>See there, upon the threshold of the gate,</div> - <div class='line'>The monster halts—again—and yet again!</div> - <div class='line'>And from its rumbling hold I hear the sound</div> - <div class='line'>Of clashing arms! O Troy! O fatherland!</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>But the people, not heeding her, press on and disappear within the city -walls with the wooden horse, on the way to the citadel. Everywhere are heard -sounds of delirious joy.</p> -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_103'>103</span> - <h3 class='c003'>ACT II</h3> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_105'>105</span> - <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act II. Scene 1</span></h4> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>Night. The chamber of Æneas. He lies sleeping calmly upon his couch. -Enter Ghost of Hector, wan and terrible, bearing in his hands the sacred -images of the Penates.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em>, starting up to a sitting posture, as if talking in a dream (281-286):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O light of Troy, O prop of Trojan hopes,</div> - <div class='line'>What slow delays have held thee from our sight,</div> - <div class='line'>O long awaited one? Whence com’st thou here?</div> - <div class='line'>We see thee now, with hardships overborne,</div> - <div class='line'>But only after many of thy friends</div> - <div class='line'>Have met their doom, and after struggles vast</div> - <div class='line'>Of city and of men.—But what, alas,</div> - <div class='line'>Has so defiled thy features? Whence these wounds</div> - <div class='line'>And horrid scars I see?</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Hector</em>, with deep sighs and groans (289-295):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in24'>Oh, get thee hence,</div> - <div class='line'>Thou son of Venus, flee these deadly flames.</div> - <div class='line'>Our foemen hold the walls; our ancient Troy</div> - <div class='line'>Is fallen from her lofty pinnacle</div> - <div class='line'>Enough for king and country has been done;</div> - <div class='line'>If Troy could have been saved by any hand,</div> - <div class='line'>This hand of mine would have defended her.</div> - <div class='line'>But now to thee she trusts her sacred gods</div> - <div class='line'>And all their sacred rites; take these with thee</div> - <div class='line'>As comrades of thy fates; seek walls for these,</div> - <div class='line'>Which, when the mighty deep thou hast o’ercome,</div> - <div class='line'>Thou shalt at length in lasting empire set.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>He makes as if to give the sacred images to Æneas, and vanishes.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_106'>106</span>A confused sound of distant shouting and clashing of arms fills the room. -Æneas leaps from his couch, now fully awake, and stands with strained and -attentive ears. The truth dawns upon him as the sounds grow clearer, and as -he can see from his window the red flames of burning Troy. He snatches up -his arms and is rushing from the room when Panthus hurries in bearing sacred -images in his hands and leading his little grandson.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em> (322):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>My friend, where lies the battle’s central point?</div> - <div class='line'>What stronghold do we keep against the foe?</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Panthus</em> (324-335):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>The last, the fated day of Troy is come.</div> - <div class='line'>The mighty glory of the Trojan state</div> - <div class='line'>Is of the past, and we, alas, no more</div> - <div class='line'>May call ourselves of Ilium; for lo,</div> - <div class='line'>The cruel gods have given all to Greece,</div> - <div class='line'>And foemen lord it in our blazing town;</div> - <div class='line'>The great horse stands upon our citadel,</div> - <div class='line'>And from his roomy side pours armed men;</div> - <div class='line'>While Sinon, gloating o’er his victory,</div> - <div class='line'>With blazing torch is busy everywhere.</div> - <div class='line'>Down at the double gates still others press</div> - <div class='line'>For entrance, all Mycenæ’s clamorous hosts,</div> - <div class='line'>And weapons thick beset the narrow streets.</div> - <div class='line'>In battle order stand the long drawn lines</div> - <div class='line'>Of gleaming steel prepared for deadly strife.</div> - <div class='line'>Scarce do the sturdy watchmen of the gates</div> - <div class='line'>Attempt to hold their posts against the foe,</div> - <div class='line'>But in the smothering press fight blindly on.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>At this, Æneas joins Panthus and together they rush out into the city.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_107'>107</span> - <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Scene 2</span></h4> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>A street of Troy, lit by the moonlight and the glare of burning buildings. -Trojans rush in from different sides and rally to Æneas.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em> (348-354):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O comrades, O ye hearts most brave in vain,</div> - <div class='line'>If you have steadfast minds to follow one</div> - <div class='line'>On desperate deeds intent, you see our case:</div> - <div class='line'>The gods, who long have buttressed up our state,</div> - <div class='line'>Have fled their sacred altars and their shrines,</div> - <div class='line'>And left us to our fate. You seek to aid</div> - <div class='line'>A city wrapped in flames. Then let us die</div> - <div class='line'>And in the midst of death our safety find:</div> - <div class='line'>Our safety’s single hope—to hope for none.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>The little band hurries off toward the noise of battle in neighboring streets. -Enter from the other direction straggling bands of Greeks, drunk with victory. -They burn and pillage on all sides, temples and homes alike. Re-enter -Trojans led by Æneas. Androgeos, a Greek, thinking them to be Greeks, -goes up to them.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Androgeos</em> (373-375):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Now haste ye, men; what time for sloth is this?</div> - <div class='line'>The rest on fire and pillage are intent,</div> - <div class='line'>While you but now address you to the task.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Androgeos suddenly perceives that these are foes, and is struck dumb with -amazement. The Trojans rush upon him and slay him together with the -others of his band.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Corœbus</em>, one of Æneas’ band, exultingly (387-391):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O friends, where kindly fortune first doth show</div> - <div class='line'>The path of safety, let us follow there.</div> - <div class='line'>With these slain Greeks let us our shields exchange,</div> - <div class='line'>Their helms and breastplates let us don, and so</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_108'>108</span>In all things seem as Greeks. When foemen strive,</div> - <div class='line'>Who questions aught of trickery or might?</div> - <div class='line'>Our foes against themselves shall lend us arms.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>They exchange arms with the dead Greeks. Thus arrayed, they mingle with -the parties of Greeks who straggle in, and slay them. The Greeks, not understanding -this strange turn of affairs, flee away in terror. This action is -repeated at intervals several times.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Enter a band of Greeks led by Ajax, the Atridæ, and others, dragging Cassandra -roughly along by the hair. Her hands are tied with thongs. Corœbus, -though the odds are overwhelmingly against him, rushes in to save his beloved -Cassandra. The other Trojans, because of their disguise of Greek armor, are -attacked by their own friends stationed at near by points of vantage, and now -the Greeks themselves, recognizing the ruse at last, overwhelm the little Trojan -band by force of numbers. Other Greeks pour in from all sides and add their -testimony that these are Trojans. In the desperate encounter many of the -Trojans fall.</p> - -<p class='c000'>Æneas performs Herculean feats of arms, and slays many Greeks, but is -himself unhurt. At last he and a few followers escape into a street leading to -Priam’s palace, whence loud and continued shouting can be heard.</p> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Scene 3</span></h4> - -<p class='c011'>At Priam’s palace (viewed from without), desperately attacked by Greeks -and defended by Trojans. (<em>a</em>) The assailants attempt by scaling ladders to -mount to the flat, turreted roof of the palace, while the defendants hurl down -upon these darts and stones, and pry off whole towers which fall with a mighty -crash. The air is filled with the thunderous noise of these falling masses and -with the other confused shouts and sounds of a desperate conflict.</p> - -<p class='c000'>(<em>b</em>) Pyrrhus with a strong band of Greeks is endeavoring to batter down the -gates of the palace at its main entrance.</p> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Scene 4</span></h4> - -<p class='c011'>Priam’s palace from within. All is confusion and terror. Women rush -from room to room, with disheveled hair streaming, and with cries of wild -despair. A crowded mass of men are attempting to defend the main entrance. -Overhead can be seen and heard the defenders on the roof opposing the -attack from without.</p> - -<p class='c000'>In the central open court of the palace, upon the steps of a great altar overshadowed -by a laurel tree, Hecuba and a group of women have seated themselves, -huddling there in the hope of protection from the sanctity of the altar. -Suddenly old Priam comes out into the court, hurriedly adjusting his armor.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_109'>109</span><em>Hecuba</em>, calling to him (519-524):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>What dost thou there, of reason all bereft,</div> - <div class='line'>O wretched husband? What avail those arms?</div> - <div class='line'>Or whither speedest thou with tottering steps?</div> - <div class='line'>Such aid and such defense as thou canst give</div> - <div class='line'>Cannot avail us now, nor Hector’s self,</div> - <div class='line'>Could he come back to us. Come hither then;</div> - <div class='line'>These sacred altar stairs shall shield us all,</div> - <div class='line'>Or in their sight will we together die.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Priam joins the women at the altar.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>But see, Polites comes, by Pyrrhus pressed;</div> - <div class='line'>Through hostile arms, through halls and colonnades,</div> - <div class='line'>He flees alone in sore distress of wounds,</div> - <div class='line'>While Pyrrhus follows hard with deadly aim.</div> - <div class='line'>And now, Oh, now he grasps and thrusts him through.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Polites falls dead at the feet of Priam and Hecuba.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Priam</em>, springing up and facing Pyrrhus (535-543):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>For that base crime of thine, that impious deed,</div> - <div class='line'>I pray the gods, if there are gods in heaven</div> - <div class='line'>Who care for men, to grant thee dire return,</div> - <div class='line'>And give thee what thou hast so richly earned.</div> - <div class='line'>For thou hast slain my son before my face,</div> - <div class='line'>And with his blood defiled his father’s eyes.</div> - <div class='line'>But that Achilles, whom thou falsely claim’st</div> - <div class='line'>As sire, did not so treat his royal foe,</div> - <div class='line'>But held in reverence the sacred laws.</div> - <div class='line'>My Hector’s corpse he gave for burial</div> - <div class='line'>And sent me back in safety to my home.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>He hurls his spear with feeble strength at Pyrrhus. The spear sticks -ineffectually in the opposing shield.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_110'>110</span><em>Pyrrhus</em>, scornfully (547-550):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Then bear this message to my noble sire:</div> - <div class='line'>Fail not to tell him all my impious deeds,</div> - <div class='line'>And how unworthy has his Pyrrhus proved.</div> - <div class='line'>Now die.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>He drags the old man to the altar and slays him there. Exit Pyrrhus, -leaving the bloody corpse of the old man upon the ground. The women are -carried off as prisoners by the Greeks who now come thronging in.</p> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Scene 5</span></h4> - -<p class='c011'>In the now deserted palace near the shrine of Vesta. Helen is lurking for -protection within the shrine.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em>, passing by and seeing Helen (577-587):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Shall this, the common scourge of friend and foe,</div> - <div class='line'>Unscathed, behold her native land again?</div> - <div class='line'>Her husband, home, her sire and children see?</div> - <div class='line'>Shall she as conquering queen go proudly back,</div> - <div class='line'>Attended by a throng of Trojan slaves?</div> - <div class='line'>Shall Troy have burned for this, old Priam die,</div> - <div class='line'>And all the Trojan plain have reeked with blood?</div> - <div class='line'>It shall not be. No fame, I know, is earned</div> - <div class='line'>By woman’s punishment; such victory</div> - <div class='line'>Has little praise; but yet I shall be praised</div> - <div class='line'>For having utterly destroyed this wretch,</div> - <div class='line'>And on her head inflicted vengeance dire.</div> - <div class='line'>It will be sweet to feed my passion’s flame,</div> - <div class='line'>And satisfy the ashes of my friends.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>He is rushing into the shrine with drawn sword when suddenly Venus -appears before him.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Venus</em> (594-620):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>What grief inflames thee to this boundless wrath?</div> - <div class='line'>What madness this, my son? And whither, pray,</div> - <div class='line'>Has fled thy care for us? Bethink thee, first,</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_111'>111</span>Where thou hast left thy father, spent with age;</div> - <div class='line'>Whether thy wife, Creüsa, still survives;</div> - <div class='line'>Bethink thee of Ascanius thy son.</div> - <div class='line'>For they are hemmed about on every side</div> - <div class='line'>By hostile Greeks; but for my shielding care,</div> - <div class='line'>Already would the flames have swept them off,</div> - <div class='line'>And swords of enemies have drunk their blood.</div> - <div class='line'>‘Tis not the beauty of the Spartan queen</div> - <div class='line'>That should arouse thy hate, nor shouldst thou blame</div> - <div class='line'>Thy kinsman, Paris; for the cruel gods,</div> - <div class='line'>The gods, I say, have laid thy city low,</div> - <div class='line'>And overthrown the lofty walls of Troy.</div> - <div class='line'>Behold—for I will straight remove the mist</div> - <div class='line'>Which, dense and clinging, clouds thy mortal sight;</div> - <div class='line'>Do thou but be obedient to my words;—</div> - <div class='line'>Here, where thou seest huge masses overthrown,</div> - <div class='line'>Rocks torn from rocks, commingled smoke and dust,</div> - <div class='line'>Great Neptune with his trident’s fearful stroke</div> - <div class='line'>Causes the walls to rock upon their base.</div> - <div class='line'>Here Juno, first of all, with savage mien,</div> - <div class='line'>Besets the Scæan gates, and, girt with steel,</div> - <div class='line'>In fury calls her allies from the ships.</div> - <div class='line'>Now turn thine eyes unto the citadel,</div> - <div class='line'>And there behold Tritonian Pallas stand,</div> - <div class='line'>All blazing with the war-cloud’s lurid glare,</div> - <div class='line'>And that fell Gorgon’s head. Nay Jove himself</div> - <div class='line'>Inspires the Greeks with courage, gives them strength,</div> - <div class='line'>And whets the gods against the Trojans’ arms.</div> - <div class='line'>Betake thee then to flight and end thy toils.</div> - <div class='line'>For I will never leave thee, till at last</div> - <div class='line'>I bring thee safely to thy father’s house.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Æneas, overcome by these revelations, and resigned to fate, retires.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_113'>113</span> - <h3 class='c003'>ACT III</h3> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_115'>115</span> - <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Act III. Scene 1</span></h4> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>The <em>atrium</em> in the palace of Æneas. The aged Anchises lies prone upon -the couch. Creüsa, Ascanius, and other members of the household are huddled -together in the same room, listening in awestruck silence to the confused -sounds of battle without. The room is lit by the red glare of burning -buildings. Enter Æneas, breathless with his haste.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em>, going up to his father and attempting to lift him in his arms (635, 636):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O father, all is lost; come, flee with me,</div> - <div class='line'>While still the fates and angry gods allow;</div> - <div class='line'>Come, let me bear thee on my shoulders broad</div> - <div class='line'>Unto the shelter of Mount Ida’s slopes.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Anchises</em>, resisting (637-649):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>If all is o’er, and Troy is in the dust,</div> - <div class='line'>Why should I wish to prolong this worthless life</div> - <div class='line'>In exiled wanderings? Turn ye to flight,</div> - <div class='line'>Who feel the blood of youth within your veins,</div> - <div class='line'>Whose sturdy powers still flourish in their prime.</div> - <div class='line'>If heavenly gods had wished me still to live,</div> - <div class='line'>They would have saved this home wherein to dwell.</div> - <div class='line'>Enough and more, that I have seen one fall</div> - <div class='line'>Of Troy, and once outlived my captured town.</div> - <div class='line'>Then, even as I lie in seeming death,</div> - <div class='line'>Address my lifeless body and be gone.</div> - <div class='line'>I’ll quickly gain the boon of death I seek:</div> - <div class='line'>The enemy will pity me and slay,</div> - <div class='line'>Or else will slay me for my noble spoils.</div> - <div class='line'>As for the loss of burial due the dead,</div> - <div class='line'>‘Twill not be hard to bear. Too long on earth</div> - <div class='line'>I spend my useless years, abhorred of heaven,</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_116'>116</span>Since when the sire of gods and king of men</div> - <div class='line'>Blasted my body with his lightning’s breath,</div> - <div class='line'>And marked me with his scorching bolt of flame.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em> and all the household join in entreating Anchises to go with them -(651-653):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>The heavy hand of fate is on us all,</div> - <div class='line'>But do not thou, O father, seek to add</div> - <div class='line'>To this our weight of sorrow, and o’erthrow</div> - <div class='line'>Our fortunes utterly.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>But the old man stubbornly persists in his refusal.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em>, seeing his father immovable (656-670):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>And didst thou think that I could leave thee here,</div> - <div class='line'>O father, and betake myself to flight?</div> - <div class='line'>And has such monstrous utterance as this</div> - <div class='line'>Fall’n from a father’s lips? If heaven has willed</div> - <div class='line'>That nothing from this city vast survive,</div> - <div class='line'>And if thy mind is firmly set to die,</div> - <div class='line'>And ‘tis thy pleasure to our ruined Troy</div> - <div class='line'>To add thyself and all thy family—</div> - <div class='line'>The door to that destruction opens wide</div> - <div class='line'>Soon Pyrrhus will be here, his murderous hands</div> - <div class='line'>Reeking with Priam’s blood, who slays the son</div> - <div class='line'>Before his father’s eyes, and eke the sire</div> - <div class='line'>Upon the sacred altar’s very steps</div> - <div class='line'>Was it for this that thou, through sword and flame,</div> - <div class='line'>O fostering mother, didst deliver me,</div> - <div class='line'>That midst the very sanctities of home</div> - <div class='line'>I should behold the foe, that I should see</div> - <div class='line'>Ascanius, my father, and my wife</div> - <div class='line'>All weltering in one another’s blood?</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_117'>117</span>Nay rather, arms! My men, in haste bring arms!</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Attendants bring him his sword and shield which he hurriedly fits in place.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>The last day calls the vanquished to their death.</div> - <div class='line'>Let me go forth to meet the Greeks again,</div> - <div class='line'>Once more sustain the desperate battle shock.</div> - <div class='line'>We shall not all in helpless slaughter die.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Æneas is rushing toward the door, when Creüsa intercepts him, pushing -toward him their little son, Ascanius.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Creüsa</em>, kneeling (675-678):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>If thou art going forth to seek thy death,</div> - <div class='line'>Oh, take us, too, with thee to share thy fate;</div> - <div class='line'>But if thy wisdom bids thee still to hope</div> - <div class='line'>In sword and shield, here make thy final stand,</div> - <div class='line'>And guard thy home. To whose protection, pray,</div> - <div class='line'>Is young Iulus left, to whose thy sire?</div> - <div class='line'>To whom can I, once called thy wife, appeal?</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Suddenly a tongue of flame is seen to leap and play among the locks of the -boy. His parents, in consternation, attempt to extinguish this, but to no effect.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Anchises</em>, seeing the portent, starts up with wondering joy, stretching his -hands upward in prayer (689-691):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>O Jove, if thou art moved by any prayer,</div> - <div class='line'>Look on us now; this only do I ask;</div> - <div class='line'>And, if our piety deserves the boon,</div> - <div class='line'>Help us, O father, and confirm these signs.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>A sudden crash of thunder resounds without, and through the open impluvium -a bright star is seen shooting across the sky.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Anchises</em>, rising from his couch in trembling haste (701-704):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Now, now is no delay; I’ll follow thee,</div> - <div class='line'>O son, wherever thou wouldst have me go.</div> - <div class='line'>O gods, on whom our fatherland depends,</div> - <div class='line'><span class='pageno' id='Page_118'>118</span>Preserve my house, preserve my grandson too.</div> - <div class='line'>From you has come this heavenly augury,</div> - <div class='line'>And on your will divine does Ilium rest.</div> - <div class='line'>I yield me then, O son, into thy hands.</div> - <div class='line'>And would no more refuse to go with thee.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Meanwhile from without the glare of the conflagration increases, and the -shouting of the victorious Greeks is heard approaching nearer and nearer.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em> (707-720):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Come then, dear father, mount upon my back,</div> - <div class='line'>For on my shoulders will I carry thee,</div> - <div class='line'>Nor will I find that burden overhard.</div> - <div class='line'>Whatever comes, ‘twill come to both of us,</div> - <div class='line'>We’ll share misfortune and deliverance too.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>He takes the old man upon his shoulders, first spreading over his back a -lion’s skin.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Let young Iulus fare along with me,</div> - <div class='line'>But at a distance let my wife note well</div> - <div class='line'>The way I take. And ye, attendants, hark</div> - <div class='line'>To what I say. Without the city walls</div> - <div class='line'>There is a mound, where stands an ancient fane</div> - <div class='line'>Of Ceres, all alone, a cypress tree</div> - <div class='line'>Of ancient stock, preserved with reverent care</div> - <div class='line'>For many generations, overhangs</div> - <div class='line'>The temple walls. Be this our meeting place</div> - <div class='line'>To which by devious ways in many bands</div> - <div class='line'>We all shall come.</div> - <div class='line'>Do thou, my father, carry in thy hands</div> - <div class='line'>The sacred emblems and our household gods;</div> - <div class='line'>For me, late come from strife, and stained with blood,</div> - <div class='line'>‘Twere sacrilege to touch the holy things,</div> - <div class='line'>Till I have cleansed me in some running stream.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>With his father upon his shoulders and leading Iulus by the hand he takes -his way out of the house. The household follows, leaving the room deserted.</p> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_119'>119</span> - <h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Scene 2</span></h4> -</div> - -<p class='c011'>A dark street near the Ida gate. Æneas, Anchises, and Ascanius as before. -Suddenly through the darkness there comes the distant sound of feet and -shouting as of pursuers.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Anchises</em>, peering in the direction of the sound (733, 734):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Oh, speed thy steps, my son; the foe are near;</div> - <div class='line'>I see their gleaming shields and flashing spears.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>At this Æneas hastens his steps and leaves the scene, his band hurrying -after him.</p> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Scene 3</span></h4> - -<p class='c011'>At the ancient temple of Ceres without the walls. The fugitives come -straggling in in various bands, a motley array, Æneas and his immediate followers -among the rest. Æneas watches them as they come and gather about -him, counting and identifying them. He now discovers that Creüsa is missing.</p> - -<p class='c000'><em>Æneas</em> (738-748):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Alas, Creüsa, by what wretched fate</div> - <div class='line'>Hast thou been overwhelmed? Where art thou now?</div> - <div class='line'>Hast wandered from the way, or, spent with toil,</div> - <div class='line'>Hast thou given o’er the journey? Woe is me!</div> - <div class='line'>My eyes shall never more behold thy face!</div> - <div class='line'>What god or man is guilty of this crime?</div> - <div class='line'>Or what more cruel deed have I beheld</div> - <div class='line'>In all our stricken town?</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>To his friends:</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in26'>Behold, my friends,</div> - <div class='line'>To you my son and sire and household gods</div> - <div class='line'>Do I commend, while I reseek the streets</div> - <div class='line'>And ruined dwellings of our fallen Troy,</div> - <div class='line'>If haply I may find her once again.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>He puts on his full armor, and rushes back through the dark gate into the -city.</p> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Scene 4</span></h4> - -<p class='c011'>A deserted street in Troy, lit up fitfully by smoldering fires. Æneas enters, -peering through the gloom on all sides, and calling loudly upon the name of -his wife. Suddenly a shadowy form appears before him.</p> - -<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_120'>120</span><em>The Ghost of Creüsa</em> (776-789):</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>What boots it to indulge this storm of grief,</div> - <div class='line'>O dearest husband? For be sure of this,</div> - <div class='line'>That not without permission of the gods</div> - <div class='line'>Have these things come to pass. ‘Twas not allowed</div> - <div class='line'>That thy Creüsa should go hence with thee,</div> - <div class='line'>Nor does Olympus’ ruler suffer it.</div> - <div class='line'>To distant lands, long exiled must thou roam,</div> - <div class='line'>Must plow the water of the vasty deep,</div> - <div class='line'>Until thou come to that far western land,</div> - <div class='line'>Where Lydian Tiber’s gently murmuring stream</div> - <div class='line'>Rolls down through rich and cultivated fields.</div> - <div class='line'>There joyful state and kingdom wait for thee,</div> - <div class='line'>There one who is allotted for thy wife.</div> - <div class='line'>Then dry the tears which now affection sheds</div> - <div class='line'>For thy well-loved Creüsa, once thy wife;</div> - <div class='line'>For ‘tis not mine to see the haughty seats</div> - <div class='line'>Of Myrmidonian or Dolopian foes;</div> - <div class='line'>Nor shall I go to serve the Grecian dames,</div> - <div class='line'>Proud princess of Dardania that I am,</div> - <div class='line'>By marriage made the child of Venus’ self.</div> - <div class='line'>But Cybele, great mother of the gods,</div> - <div class='line'>Detains me still upon these Trojan shores.</div> - <div class='line'>Then look thy last upon me, and farewell,</div> - <div class='line'>And let our common son employ your love.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c000'>Æneas starts forward with a cry to embrace the ghost, but it eludes his -grasp and vanishes from sight. He sorrowfully turns away and leaves the -scene.</p> - -<h4 class='c010'><span class='sc'>Scene 5</span></h4> - -<p class='c011'>The gray dawn breaks; Mount Ida looms dimly in the distance; the exiles -a weary, discouraged band of men, women, and children, take their way out -into the unknown world.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c004'> - <div>PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c002' /> -<p> </p> -</div> -<div class='tnotes'> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c005'>TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE</h2> -</div> - <ol class='ol_1 c004'> - <li>Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors. - - </li> - <li>Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. - - </li> - <li>Added [<a href="music/1_prelude.mid">Listen</a>] links just before the lyrics and the - music illustrations. 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