diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:25:38 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:25:38 -0700 |
| commit | 19fa4da83c38a9bd91959f336857af7c43a193b1 (patch) | |
| tree | 97d9aa6e93303b6c3ef0e51ce67d4dc68a3bcc2a /5460-h | |
Diffstat (limited to '5460-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 5460-h/5460-h.htm | 23495 |
1 files changed, 23495 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/5460-h/5460-h.htm b/5460-h/5460-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4cd6a84 --- /dev/null +++ b/5460-h/5460-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,23495 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> + +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" > + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> + <head> + <title> + An Egyptian Princess, Complete, by Georg Ebers + </title> + <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve"> + + body { margin:5%; background:#faebd7; text-align:justify} + P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; } + H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } + hr { width: 50%; text-align: center;} + .foot { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 90%; } + blockquote {font-size: 97%; font-style: italic; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + .mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; padding: .5em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%;} + .toc { margin-left: 10%; margin-bottom: .75em;} + .toc2 { margin-left: 20%;} + div.fig { display:block; margin:0 auto; text-align:center; } + .figleft {float: left; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 1%;} + .figright {float: right; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 1%;} + pre { font-style: italic; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 10%;} + +</style> + </head> + <body> + <p> + <br /><br /> + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> +The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Egyptian Princess, Complete, by Georg Ebers + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: An Egyptian Princess, Complete + +Author: Georg Ebers + +Release Date: October 16, 2006 [EBook #5460] +Last Updated: August 25, 2016 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN EGYPTIAN PRINCESS, COMPLETE *** + + + +Produced by David Widger + + + + + + +</pre> + + <h1> + AN EGYPTIAN PRINCESS, Complete + </h1> + <p> + <br /><br /> + </p> + <h2> + By Georg Ebers + </h2> + <p> + <br /><br /> + </p> + <h3> + Translated from the German by Eleanor Grove + </h3> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <blockquote> + <p class="toc"> + <big><b>CONTENTS</b></big> + </p> + <p> + <br /> <a href="#link2H_PREF"> PREFACE TO THE SECOND GERMAN EDITION </a><br /><br /> + <a href="#link2H_PREF2"> PREFACE TO THE FOURTH GERMAN EDITION. </a><br /><br /> + <a href="#link2H_PREF3"> PREFACE TO THE FIFTH GERMAN EDITION. </a><br /><br /> + <a href="#link2H_PREF4"> PREFACE TO THE NINTH GERMAN EDITION. </a><br /><br /><br /><br /> + <a href="#link2H_4_0005"> <big><b>AN EGYPTIAN PRINCESS.</b></big> </a><br /><br /><br /> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0006"> <b>BOOK 1.</b> </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER III. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER IV. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0005"> CHAPTER V. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0006"> CHAPTER VI. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0007"> CHAPTER VII. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0008"> CHAPTER VIII. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0009"> CHAPTER IX. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0010"> CHAPTER X. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0011"> CHAPTER XI. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0012"> CHAPTER XII. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0013"> CHAPTER XIII. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0014"> CHAPTER XIV. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0015"> CHAPTER XV. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0016"> CHAPTER XVI. </a> + </p> + <p> + <br /><br /> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2H_4_0023"> <b>BOOK 2.</b> </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0017"> CHAPTER I. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0018"> CHAPTER II. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0019"> CHAPTER III. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0020"> CHAPTER IV. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0021"> CHAPTER V. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0022"> CHAPTER VI. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0023"> CHAPTER VII. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0024"> CHAPTER VIII. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0025"> CHAPTER IX. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0026"> CHAPTER X. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0027"> CHAPTER XI. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0028"> CHAPTER XII. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0029"> CHAPTER XIII. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0030"> CHAPTER XIV. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0031"> CHAPTER XV. </a> + </p> + <p class="toc"> + <a href="#link2HCH0032"> CHAPTER XVI. </a> + </p> + </blockquote> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> <a name="link2H_PREF" id="link2H_PREF"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + PREFACE TO THE SECOND GERMAN EDITION + </h2> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + Aut prodesse volunt ant delectare poetae, + Aut simul et jucunda et idonea dicere vitae. + Horat. De arte poetica v. 333. +</pre> + <p> + It is now four years since this book first appeared before the public, and + I feel it my duty not to let a second edition go forth into the world + without a few words of accompaniment. It hardly seems necessary to assure + my readers that I have endeavored to earn for the following pages the + title of a “corrected edition.” An author is the father of his book, and + what father could see his child preparing to set out on a new and + dangerous road, even if it were not for the first time, without + endeavoring to supply him with every good that it lay in his power to + bestow, and to free him from every fault or infirmity on which the world + could look unfavorably? The assurance therefore that I have repeatedly + bestowed the greatest possible care on the correction of my Egyptian + Princess seems to me superfluous, but at the same time I think it + advisable to mention briefly where and in what manner I have found it + necessary to make these emendations. The notes have been revised, altered, + and enriched with all those results of antiquarian research (more + especially in reference to the language and monuments of ancient Egypt) + which have come to our knowledge since the year 1864, and which my limited + space allowed me to lay before a general public. On the alteration of the + text itself I entered with caution, almost with timidity; for during four + years of constant effort as academical tutor, investigator and writer in + those severe regions of study which exclude the free exercise of + imagination, the poetical side of a man’s nature may forfeit much to the + critical; and thus, by attempting to remodel my tale entirely, I might + have incurred the danger of removing it from the more genial sphere of + literary work to which it properly belongs. I have therefore contented + myself with a careful revision of the style, the omission of lengthy + passages which might have diminished the interest of the story to general + readers, the insertion of a few characteristic or explanatory additions, + and the alteration of the proper names. These last I have written not in + their Greek, but in their Latin forms, having been assured by more than + one fair reader that the names Ibykus and Cyrus would have been greeted by + them as old acquaintances, whereas the “Ibykos” and “Kyros” of the first + edition looked so strange and learned, as to be quite discouraging. Where + however the German k has the same worth as the Roman c I have adopted it + in preference. With respect to the Egyptian names and those with which we + have become acquainted through the cuneiform inscriptions, I have chosen + the forms most adapted to our German modes of speech, and in the present + edition have placed those few explanations which seemed to me + indispensable to the right understanding of the text, at the foot of the + page, instead of among the less easily accessible notes at the end. + </p> + <p> + The fact that displeasure has been excited among men of letters by this + attempt to clothe the hardly-earned results of severer studies in an + imaginative form is even clearer to me now than when I first sent this + book before the public. In some points I agree with this judgment, but + that the act is kindly received, when a scholar does not scorn to render + the results of his investigations accessible to the largest number of the + educated class, in the form most generally interesting to them, is proved + by the rapid sale of the first large edition of this work. I know at least + of no better means than those I have chosen, by which to instruct and + suggest thought to an extended circle of readers. Those who read learned + books evince in so doing a taste for such studies; but it may easily + chance that the following pages, though taken up only for amusement, may + excite a desire for more information, and even gain a disciple for the + study of ancient history. + </p> + <p> + Considering our scanty knowledge of the domestic life of the Greeks and + Persians before the Persian war—of Egyptian manners we know more—even + the most severe scholar could scarcely dispense with the assistance of his + imagination, when attempting to describe private life among the civilized + nations of the sixth century before Christ. He would however escape all + danger of those anachronisms to which the author of such a work as I have + undertaken must be hopelessly liable. With attention and industry, errors + of an external character may be avoided, but if I had chosen to hold + myself free from all consideration of the times in which I and my readers + have come into the world, and the modes of thought at present existing + among us, and had attempted to depict nothing but the purely ancient + characteristics of the men and their times, I should have become + unintelligible to many of my readers, uninteresting to all, and have + entirely failed in my original object. My characters will therefore look + like Persians, Egyptians, &c., but in their language, even more than + in their actions, the German narrator will be perceptible, not always + superior to the sentimentality of his day, but a native of the world in + the nineteenth century after the appearance of that heavenly Master, whose + teaching left so deep an impression on human thought and feeling. + </p> + <p> + The Persians and Greeks, being by descent related to ourselves, present + fewer difficulties in this respect than the Egyptians, whose + dwelling-place on the fruitful islands won by the Nile from the Desert, + completely isolated them from the rest of the world. + </p> + <p> + To Professor Lepsius, who suggested to me that a tale confined entirely to + Egypt and the Egyptians might become wearisome, I owe many thanks; and + following his hint, have so arranged the materials supplied by Herodotus + as to introduce my reader first into a Greek circle. Here he will feel in + a measure at home, and indeed will entirely sympathize with them on one + important point, viz.: in their ideas on the Beautiful and on Art. Through + this Hellenic portico he reaches Egypt, from thence passes on to Persia + and returns finally to the Nile. It has been my desire that the three + nations should attract him equally, and I have therefore not centred the + entire interest of the plot in one hero, but have endeavored to exhibit + each nation in its individual character, by means of a fitting + representative. The Egyptian Princess has given her name to the book, only + because the weal and woe of all my other characters were decided by her + fate, and she must therefore be regarded as the central point of the + whole. + </p> + <p> + In describing Amasis I have followed the excellent description of + Herodotus, which has been confirmed by a picture discovered on an ancient + monument. Herodotus has been my guide too in the leading features of + Cambyses’ character; indeed as he was born only forty or fifty years after + the events related, his history forms the basis of my romance. + </p> + <p> + “Father of history” though he be, I have not followed him blindly, but, + especially in the development of my characters, have chosen those paths + which the principles of psychology have enabled me to lay down for myself, + and have never omitted consulting those hieroglyphic and cuneiform + inscriptions which have been already deciphered. In most cases these + confirm the statements of Herodotus. + </p> + <p> + I have caused Bartja’s murder to take place after the conquest of Egypt, + because I cannot agree with the usually received translation of the + Behistun inscription. This reads as follows: “One named Cambujiya, son of + Curu, of our family, was king here formerly and had a brother named + Bartiya, of the same father and the same mother as Cambujiya. Thereupon + Cambujiya killed that Bartiya.” In a book intended for general readers, it + would not be well to enter into a discussion as to niceties of language, + but even the uninitiated will see that the word “thereupon” has no sense + in this connection. In every other point the inscription agrees with + Herodotus’ narrative, and I believe it possible to bring it into agreement + with that of Darius on this last as well; but reserve my proofs for + another time and place. + </p> + <p> + It has not been ascertained from whence Herodotus has taken the name + Smerdis which he gives to Bartja and Gaumata. The latter occurs again, + though in a mutilated form, in Justin. + </p> + <p> + My reasons for making Phanes an Athenian will be found in Note 90. Vol. I. + This coercion of an authenticated fact might have been avoided in the + first edition, but could not now be altered without important changes in + the entire text. The means I have adopted in my endeavor to make Nitetis + as young as possible need a more serious apology; as, notwithstanding + Herodotus’ account of the mildness of Amasis’ rule, it is improbable that + King Hophra should have been alive twenty years after his fall. Even this + however is not impossible, for it can be proved that his descendants were + not persecuted by Amasis. + </p> + <p> + On a Stela in the Leyden Museum I have discovered that a certain Psamtik, + a member of the fallen dynasty, lived till the 17th year of Amasis’ reign, + and died at the age of seventy-five. + </p> + <p> + Lastly let me be permitted to say a word or two in reference to Rhodopis. + That she must have been a remarkable woman is evident from the passage in + Herodotus quoted in Notes 10, and 14, Vol. I., and from the accounts given + by many other writers. Her name, “the rosy-cheeked one,” tells us that she + was beautiful, and her amiability and charm of manner are expressly + praised by Herodotus. How richly she was endowed with gifts and graces may + be gathered too from the manner in which tradition and fairy lore have + endeavored to render her name immortal. By many she is said to have built + the most beautiful of the Pyramids, the Pyramid of Mycerinus or Menkera. + One tale related of her and reported by Strabo and AElian probably gave + rise to our oldest and most beautiful fairy tale, Cinderella; another is + near akin to the Loreley legend. An eagle, according to AElian—the + wind, in Strabo’s tale,—bore away Rhodopis’ slippers while she was + bathing in the Nile, and laid them at the feet of the king, when seated on + his throne of justice in the open market. The little slippers so enchanted + him that he did not rest until he had discovered their owner and made her + his queen. + </p> + <p> + The second legend tells us how a wonderfully beautiful naked woman could + be seen sitting on the summit of one of the pyramids (ut in una ex + pyramidibus); and how she drove the wanderers in the desert mad through + her exceeding loveliness. + </p> + <p> + Moore borrowed this legend and introduces it in the following verse: + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “Fair Rhodope, as story tells— + The bright unearthly nymph, who dwells + ‘Mid sunless gold and jewels hid, + The lady of the Pyramid.” + </pre> + <p> + Fabulous as these stories sound, they still prove that Rhodopis must have + been no ordinary woman. Some scholars would place her on a level with the + beautiful and heroic Queen Nitokris, spoken of by Julius Africanus, + Eusebius and others, and whose name, (signifying the victorious Neith) has + been found on the monuments, applied to a queen of the sixth dynasty. This + is a bold conjecture; it adds however to the importance of our heroine; + and without doubt many traditions referring to the one have been + transferred to the other, and vice versa. Herodotus lived so short a time + after Rhodopis, and tells so many exact particulars of her private life + that it is impossible she should have been a mere creation of fiction. The + letter of Darius, given at the end of Vol. II., is intended to identify + the Greek Rhodopis with the mythical builder of the Pyramid. I would also + mention here that she is called Doricha by Sappho. This may have been her + name before she received the title of the “rosy-cheeked one.” + </p> + <p> + I must apologize for the torrent of verse that appears in the love-scenes + between Sappho and Bartja; it is also incumbent upon me to say a few words + about the love-scenes themselves, which I have altered very slightly in + the new edition, though they have been more severely criticised than any + other portion of the work. + </p> + <p> + First I will confess that the lines describing the happy love of a + handsome young couple to whom I had myself become warmly attached, flowed + from my pen involuntarily, even against my will (I intended to write a + novel in prose) in the quiet night, by the eternal Nile, among the palms + and roses. The first love-scene has a story of its own to me. I wrote it + in half an hour, almost unconsciously. It may be read in my book that the + Persians always reflected in the morning, when sober, upon the resolutions + formed the night before, while drunk. When I examined in the sunshine what + had come into existence by lamplight, I grew doubtful of its merits, and + was on the point of destroying the love-scenes altogether, when my dear + friend Julius Hammer, the author of “Schau in Dich, und Schau um Dich,” + too early summoned to the other world by death, stayed my hand. Their form + was also approved by others, and I tell myself that the ‘poetical’ + expression of love is very similar in all lands and ages, while lovers’ + conversations and modes of intercourse vary according to time and place. + Besides, I have to deal with one of those by no means rare cases, where + poetry can approach nearer the truth than prudent, watchful prose. Many of + my honored critics have censured these scenes; others, among whom are some + whose opinion I specially value, have lavished the kindest praise upon + them. Among these gentlemen I will mention A. Stahr, C. V. Holtei, M. + Hartmann, E. Hoefer, W. Wolfsohn, C. Leemans, Professor Veth of Amsterdam, + etc. Yet I will not conceal the fact that some, whose opinion has great + weight, have asked: “Did the ancients know anything of love, in our sense + of the word? Is not romantic love, as we know it, a result of + Christianity?” The following sentence, which stands at the head of the + preface to my first edition, will prove that I had not ignored this + question when I began my task. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “It has often been remarked that in Cicero’s letters and those of + Pliny the younger there are unmistakable indications of sympathy + with the more sentimental feeling of modern days. I find in them + tones of deep tenderness only, such as have arisen and will arise + from sad and aching hearts in every land and every age.” + + A. v. HUMBOLDT. Cosmos II. P. 19. +</pre> + <p> + This opinion of our great scholar is one with which I cheerfully coincide + and would refer my readers to the fact that love-stories were written + before the Christian era: the Amor and Psyche of Apuleius for instance. + Indeed love in all its forms was familiar to the ancients. Where can we + find a more beautiful expression of ardent passion than glows in Sappho’s + songs? or of patient faithful constancy than in Homer’s Penelope? Could + there be a more beautiful picture of the union of two loving hearts, even + beyond the grave, than Xenophon has preserved for us in his account of + Panthea and Abradatas? or the story of Sabinus the Gaul and his wife, told + in the history of Vespasian? Is there anywhere a sweeter legend than that + of the Halcyons, the ice-birds, who love one another so tenderly that when + the male becomes enfeebled by age, his mate carries him on her outspread + wings whithersoever he will; and the gods, desiring to reward such + faithful love, cause the sun to shine more kindly, and still the winds and + waves on the “Halcyon days” during which these birds are building their + nest and brooding over their young? There can surely have been no lack of + romantic love in days when a used-up man of the world, like Antony, could + desire in his will that wherever he died his body might be laid by the + side of his beloved Cleopatra: nor of the chivalry of love when Berenice’s + beautiful hair was placed as a constellation in the heavens. Neither can + we believe that devotion in the cause of love could be wanting when a + whole nation was ready to wage a fierce and obstinate war for the sake of + one beautiful woman. The Greeks had an insult to revenge, but the Trojans + fought for the possession of Helen. Even the old men of Ilium were ready + “to suffer long for such a woman.” And finally is not the whole question + answered in Theocritus’ unparalleled poem, “the Sorceress?” We see the + poor love-lorn girl and her old woman-servant, Thestylis, cowering over + the fire above which the bird supposed to possess the power of bringing + back the faithless Delphis is sitting in his wheel. Simoetha has learnt + many spells and charms from an Assyrian, and she tries them all. The + distant roar of the waves, the stroke rising from the fire, the dogs + howling in the street, the tortured fluttering bird, the old woman, the + broken-hearted girl and her awful spells, all join in forming a night + scene the effect of which is heightened by the calm cold moonshine. The + old woman leaves the girl, who at once ceases to weave her spells, allows + her pent-up tears to have their way, and looking up to Selene the moon, + the lovers’ silent confidante, pours out her whole story: how when she + first saw the beautiful Delphis her heart had glowed with love, she had + seen nothing more of the train of youths who followed him, “and,” (thus + sadly the poet makes her speak) + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “how I gained my home + I knew not; some strange fever wasted me. + Ten days and nights I lay upon my bed. + O tell me, mistress Moon, whence came my love!” + </pre> + <p> + “Then” (she continues) when Delphis at last crossed her threshold: + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “I + Became all cold like snow, and from my brow + Brake the damp dewdrops: utterance I had none, + Not e’en such utterance as a babe may make + That babbles to its mother in its dreams; + But all my fair frame stiffened into wax,— + O tell me mistress Moon, whence came my love!” + </pre> + <p> + Whence came her love? thence, whence it comes to us now. The love of the + creature to its Creator, of man to God, is the grand and yet gracious gift + of Christianity. Christ’s command to love our neighbor called into + existence not only the conception of philanthropy, but of humanity itself, + an idea unknown to the heathen world, where love had been at widest + limited to their native town and country. The love of man and wife has + without doubt been purified and transfigured by Christianity; still it is + possible that a Greek may have loved as tenderly and longingly as a + Christian. The more ardent glow of passion at least cannot be denied to + the ancients. And did not their love find vent in the same expressions as + our own? Who does not know the charming roundelay: + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “Drink the glad wine with me, + With me spend youth’s gay hours; + Or a sighing lover be, + Or crown thy brow with flowers. + When I am merry and mad, + Merry and mad be you; + When I am sober and sad, + Be sad and sober too!” + —written however by no poet of modern days, but by Praxilla, in the +fifth century before Christ. Who would guess either that Moore’s little +song was modelled on one written even earlier than the date of our +story? + + “As o’er her loom the Lesbian maid + In love-sick languor hung her head. + Unknowing where her fingers stray’d, + She weeping turned away and said,’ + Oh, my sweet mother, ‘tis in vain, + + I cannot weave as once I wove; + So wilder’d is my heart and brain + With thinking of that youth I love.’” + </pre> + <p> + If my space allowed I could add much more on this subject, but will permit + myself only one remark in conclusion. Lovers delighted in nature then as + now; the moon was their chosen confidante, and I know of no modern poem in + which the mysterious charm of a summer night and the magic beauty which + lies on flowers, trees and fountains in those silent hours when the world + is asleep, is more exquisitely described than in the following verses, + also by Sappho, at the reading of which we seem forced to breathe more + slowly, “kuhl bis an’s Herz hinan.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “Planets, that around the beauteous moon + Attendant wait, cast into shade + Their ineffectual lustres, soon + As she, in full-orb’d majesty array’d, + Her silver radiance pours + Upon this world of ours.” + </pre> + <p> + and:— + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “Thro’ orchard plots with fragrance crown’d, + The clear cold fountain murm’ring flows; + And forest leaves, with rustling sound, + Invite to soft repose.” + </pre> + <p> + The foregoing remarks seemed to me due to those who consider a love such + as that of Sappho and Bartja to have been impossible among the ancients. + Unquestionably it was much rarer then than in these days: indeed I confess + to having sketched my pair of lovers in somewhat bright colors. But may I + not be allowed, at least once, to claim the poet’s freedom? + </p> + <p> + How seldom I have availed myself of this freedom will be evident from the + notes included in each volume. They seemed to me necessary, partly in + order to explain the names and illustrate the circumstances mentioned in + the text, and partly to vindicate the writer in the eyes of the learned. I + trust they may not prove discouraging to any, as the text will be found + easily readable without reference to the explanations. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + Jena, November 23, 1868. + GEORG EBERS, DR. +</pre> + <p> + <a name="link2H_PREF2" id="link2H_PREF2"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + PREFACE TO THE FOURTH GERMAN EDITION. + </h2> + <p> + Two years and a half after the appearance of the third edition of “An + Egyptian Princess,” a fourth was needed. I returned long since from the + journey to the Nile, for which I was preparing while correcting the + proof-sheets of the third edition, and on which I can look back with + special satisfaction. During my residence in Egypt, in 1872-73, a lucky + accident enabled me to make many new discoveries; among them one treasure + of incomparable value, the great hieratic manuscript, which bears my name. + Its publication has just been completed, and it is now in the library of + the Leipzig University. + </p> + <p> + The Papyrus Ebers, the second in size and the best preserved of all the + ancient Egyptian manuscripts which have come into our possession, was + written in the 16th century B. C., and contains on 110 pages the hermetic + book upon the medicines of the ancient Egyptians, known also to the + Alexandrine Greeks. The god Thoth (Hermes) is called “the guide” of + physicians, and the various writings and treatises of which the work is + composed are revelations from him. In this venerable scroll diagnoses are + made and remedies suggested for the internal and external diseases of most + portions of the human body. With the drugs prescribed are numbers, + according to which they are weighed with weights and measured with hollow + measures, and accompanying the prescriptions are noted the pious axioms to + be repeated by the physician, while compounding and giving them to the + patient. On the second line of the first page of our manuscript, it is + stated that it came from Sais. A large portion of this work is devoted to + the visual organs. On the twentieth line of the fifty-fifth page begins + the book on the eyes, which fills eight large pages. We were formerly + compelled to draw from Greek and Roman authors what we knew about the + remedies used for diseases of the eye among the ancient Egyptians. The + portion of the Papyrus Ebers just mentioned is now the only Egyptian + source from whence we can obtain instruction concerning this important + branch of ancient medicine. + </p> + <p> + All this scarcely seems to have a place in the preface of a historical + romance, and yet it is worthy of mention here; for there is something + almost “providential” in the fact that it was reserved for the author of + “An Egyptian Princess” to bestow the gift of this manuscript upon the + scientific world. Among the characters in the novel the reader will meet + an oculist from Sais, who wrote a book upon the diseases of the visual + organs. The fate of this valuable work exactly agrees with the course of + the narrative. The papyrus scroll of the Sais oculist, which a short time + ago existed only in the imagination of the author and readers of “An + Egyptian Princess,” is now an established fact. When I succeeded in + bringing the manuscript home, I felt like the man who had dreamed of a + treasure, and when he went out to ride found it in his path. + </p> + <p> + A reply to Monsieur Jules Soury’s criticism of “An Egyptian Princess” in + the Revue des deux Mondes, Vol. VII, January 1875, might appropriately be + introduced into this preface, but would scarcely be possible without + entering more deeply into the ever-disputed question, which will be + answered elsewhere, whether the historical romance is ever justifiable. + Yet I cannot refrain from informing Monsieur Soury here that “An Egyptian + Princess” detained me from no other work. I wrote it in my sick-room, + before entering upon my academic career, and while composing it, found not + only comfort and pleasure, but an opportunity to give dead scientific + material a living interest for myself and others. + </p> + <p> + Monsieur Soury says romance is the mortal enemy of history; but this + sentence may have no more justice than the one with which I think myself + justified in replying: Landscape painting is the mortal enemy of botany. + The historical romance must be enjoyed like any other work of art. No one + reads it to study history; but many, the author hopes, may be aroused by + his work to make investigations of their own, for which the notes point + out the way. Already several persons of excellent mental powers have been + attracted to earnest Egyptological researches by “An Egyptian Princess.” + In the presence of such experiences, although Monsieur Soury’s clever + statements appear to contain much that is true, I need not apply his + remark that “historical romances injure the cause of science” to the + present volume. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + Leipzig, April 19, 1875. + + GEORG EBERS. +</pre> + <p> + <a name="link2H_PREF3" id="link2H_PREF3"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + PREFACE TO THE FIFTH GERMAN EDITION. + </h2> + <p> + Again a new edition of “An Egyptian Princess” has been required, and again + I write a special preface because the printing has progressed so rapidly + as unfortunately to render it impossible for me to correct some errors to + which my attention was directed by the kindness of the well-known + botanist, Professor Paul Ascherson of Berlin, who has travelled through + Egypt and the Oases. + </p> + <p> + In Vol. I, page 7, I allow mimosas to grow among other plants in Rhodopis’ + garden. I have found them in all the descriptions of the Nile valley, and + afterwards often enjoyed the delicious perfume of the golden yellow + flowers in the gardens of Alexandria and Cairo. I now learn that this very + mimosa (Acacia farnesiana) originates in tropical America, and was + undoubtedly unknown in ancient Egypt. The bananas, which I mentioned in + Vol. I, p. 64, among other Egyptian plants, were first introduced into the + Nile valley from India by the Arabs. The botanical errors occurring in the + last volume I was able to correct. Helm’s admirable work on “Cultivated + Plants and Domestic Animals” had taught me to notice such things. + Theophrastus, a native of Asia Minor, gives the first description of a + citron, and this proves that he probably saw the so-called paradise-apple, + but not our citron, which I am therefore not permitted to mention among + the plants cultivated in ancient Lydia. Palms and birches are both found + in Asia Minor; but I permitted them to grow side by side, thereby + committing an offense against the geographical possibility of vegetable + existence. The birch, in this locality, flourishes in the mountainous + region, the palm, according to Griesbach (Vegetation of the Earth, Vol. I, + p. 319) only appears on the southern coast of the peninsula. The latter + errors, as I previously mentioned, will be corrected in the new edition. I + shall of course owe special thanks to any one who may call my attention to + similar mistakes. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + Leipzig, March 5, 1877 + + GEORG EBERS +</pre> + <p> + <a name="link2H_PREF4" id="link2H_PREF4"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + PREFACE TO THE NINTH GERMAN EDITION. + </h2> + <p> + I have nothing to add to the ninth edition of “An Egyptian Princess” + except that it has been thoroughly revised. My sincere thanks are due to + Dr. August Steitz of Frankfort on the Main, who has travelled through + Egypt and Asia Minor, for a series of admirable notes, which he kindly + placed at my disposal. He will find that they have not remained unused. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + Leipzig, November 13, 1879. + GEORG EBERS +</pre> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> <a name="link2H_4_0005" id="link2H_4_0005"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h1> + AN EGYPTIAN PRINCESS. + </h1> + <h3> + By Georg Ebers + </h3> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0006" id="link2H_4_0006"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + BOOK 1. + </h2> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0001" id="link2HCH0001"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER I. + </h2> + <p> + The Nile had overflowed its bed. The luxuriant corn-fields and blooming + gardens on its shores were lost beneath a boundless waste of waters; and + only the gigantic temples and palaces of its cities, (protected from the + force of the water by dikes), and the tops of the tall palm-trees and + acacias could be seen above its surface. The branches of the sycamores and + plane-trees drooped and floated on the waves, but the boughs of the tall + silver poplars strained upward, as if anxious to avoid the watery world + beneath. The full-moon had risen; her soft light fell on the Libyan range + of mountains vanishing on the western horizon, and in the north the + shimmer of the Mediterranean could faintly be discerned. Blue and white + lotus-flowers floated on the clear water, bats of all kinds darted softly + through the still air, heavy with the scent of acacia-blossom and jasmine; + the wild pigeons and other birds were at roost in the tops of the trees, + while the pelicans, storks and cranes squatted in groups on the shore + under the shelter of the papyrus-reeds and Nile-beans. The pelicans and + storks remained motionless, their long bills hidden beneath their wings, + but the cranes were startled by the mere beat of an oar, stretching their + necks, and peering anxiously into the distance, if they heard but the song + of the boatmen. The air was perfectly motionless, and the unbroken + reflection of the moon, lying like a silver shield on the surface of the + water, proved that, wildly as the Nile leaps over the cataracts, and + rushes past the gigantic temples of Upper Egypt, yet on approaching the + sea by different arms, he can abandon his impetuous course, and flow along + in sober tranquillity. + </p> + <p> + On this moonlight night in the year 528 B. C. a bark was crossing the + almost currentless Canopic mouth of the Nile. On the raised deck at the + stern of this boat an Egyptian was sitting to guide the long pole-rudder, + and the half-naked boatmen within were singing as they rowed. In the open + cabin, which was something like a wooden summer-house, sat two men, + reclining on low cushions. They were evidently not Egyptians; their Greek + descent could be perceived even by the moonlight. The elder was an + unusually tall and powerful man of more than sixty; thick grey curls, + showing very little attempt at arrangement, hung down over his short, firm + throat; he wore a simple, homely cloak, and kept his eyes gloomily fixed + on the water. His companion, on the contrary, a man perhaps twenty years + younger, of a slender and delicate build, was seldom still. Sometimes he + gazed into the heavens, sometimes made a remark to the steersman, disposed + his beautiful purple chlanis in fresh folds, or busied himself in the + arrangement of his scented brown curls, or his carefully curled beard. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The chlanis was a light summer-mantle, worn especially by the more + elegant Athenians, and generally made of expensive materials. The + simpler cloak, the himation, was worn by the Doric Greeks, and + principally by the Spartans.] +</pre> + <p> + The boat had left Naukratis, at that time the only Hellenic port in Egypt, + about half an hour before. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This town, which will form the scene of a part of our tale, lies in + the northwest of the Nile Delta, in the Saitic Nomos or district, on + the left bank of the Canopic mouth of the river. According to + Strabo and Eusebius it was founded by Milesians, and Bunsen reckons + 749 B. C. It seems that in the earliest times Greek ships were only + allowed to enter this mouth of the Nile in case of necessity. The + entire intercourse of the Egyptians with the hated strangers was, at + that time, restricted to the little island of Pharos lying opposite + to the town of Thonis.] +</pre> + <p> + During their journey, the grey-haired, moody man had not spoken one word, + and the other had left him to his meditations. But now, as the boat neared + the shore, the restless traveller, rising from his couch, called to his + companion: “We are just at our destination, Aristomachus! That pleasant + house to the left yonder, in the garden of palms which you can see rising + above the waters, is the dwelling of my friend Rhodopis. It was built by + her husband Charaxus, and all her friends, not excepting the king himself, + vie with one another in adding new beauties to it year by year. A useless + effort! Let them adorn that house with all the treasures in the world, the + woman who lives within will still remain its best ornament!” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [We are writing of the month of October, when the Nile begins to + sink. The inundations can now be accurately accounted for, + especially since the important and laborious synoptical work of H. + Barth and S. Baker. They are occasioned by the tropical rains, and + the melting of the snows on the high mountain-ranges at the Equator. + In the beginning of June a gradual rising of the Nile waters can be + perceived; between the 15th and 20th June, this changes to a rapid + increase; in the beginning of October the waters reach their highest + elevation, a point, which, even after having begun their retreat, + they once more attempt to attain; then, at first gradually, and + afterwards with ever increasing rapidity, they continue to sink. In + January, February and March, the Nile is still drying up; and in May + is at its lowest point, when the volume of its waters is only one- + twentieth of that in October.] +</pre> + <p> + The old man sat up, threw a passing glance at the building, smoothed the + thick grey beard which clothed his cheeks and chin, but left the lips + free,—[The Spartans were not in the habit of wearing a beard on the + upper lip.]—and asked abruptly: “Why so much enthusiasm, Phanes, for + this Rhodopis? How long have the Athenians been wont to extol old women?” + At this remark the other smiled, and answered in a self-satisfied tone, + “My knowledge of the world, and particularly of women, is, I flatter + myself, an extended one, and yet I repeat, that in all Egypt I know of no + nobler creature than this grey-haired woman. When you have seen her and + her lovely grandchild, and heard your favorite melodies sung by her + well-practised choir of slave-girls, I think you will thank me for having + brought you hither.”—“Yet,” answered the Spartan gravely, “I should + not have accompanied you, if I had not hoped to meet Phryxus, the + Delphian, here.” + </p> + <p> + “You will find him here; and besides, I cannot but hope that the songs + will cheer you, and dispel your gloomy thoughts.” Aristomachus shook his + head in denial, and answered: “To you, sanguine Athenians, the melodies of + your country may be cheering: but not so to me; as in many a sleepless + night of dreams, my longings will be doubled, not stilled by the songs of + Alkman.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Alkman (Attic, Alkmaeon) flourished in Sparta about 650 B. C. His + mother was a Lydian slave in Sardes, and he came into the possession + of Agesides, who gave him his freedom. His beautiful songs soon + procured him the rights of a Lacedaemonian citizen. He was + appointed to the head-directorship in the entire department of music + in Lacedaemon and succeeded in naturalizing the soft Lydian music. + His language was the Doric-Laconian. After a life devoted to song, + the pleasures of the table and of love, he is said to have died of + a fearful disease. From the frequent choruses of virgins + (Parthenien) said to have been originally introduced by him, his + frequent songs in praise of women, and the friendly relations in + which he stood to the Spartan women (more especially to the fair + Megalostrata), he gained the name of the woman’s poet.] +</pre> + <p> + “Do you think then,” replied Phanes, “that I have no longing for my + beloved Athens, for the scenes of our youthful games, for the busy life of + the market? Truly, the bread of exile is not less distasteful to my palate + than to yours, but, in the society afforded by this house, it loses some + of its bitterness, and when the dear melodies of Hellas, so perfectly + sung, fall on my ear, my native land rises before me as in a vision, I see + its pine and olive groves, its cold, emerald green rivers, its blue sea, + the shimmer of its towns, its snowy mountain-tops and marble temples, and + a half-sweet, half-bitter tear steals down my cheek as the music ceases, + and I awake to remember that I am in Egypt, in this monotonous, hot, + eccentric country, which, the gods be praised, I am soon about to quit. + But, Aristomachus, would you then avoid the few Oases in the desert, + because you must afterwards return to its sands and drought? Would you fly + from one happy hour, because days of sadness await you later? But stop, + here we are! Show a cheerful countenance, my friend, for it becomes us not + to enter the temple of the Charites with sad hearts.”—[The goddesses + of grace and beauty, better known by their Roman name of “Graces.”] + </p> + <p> + As Phanes uttered these words, they landed at the garden wall, washed by + the Nile. The Athenian bounded lightly from the boat, the Spartan + following with a heavier, firmer tread. Aristomachus had a wooden leg, but + his step was so firm, even when compared with that of the light-footed + Phanes, that it might have been thought to be his own limb. + </p> + <p> + The garden of Rhodopis was as full of sound, and scent and blossom as a + night in fairy-land. It was one labyrinth of acanthus shrubs, yellow + mimosa, the snowy gelder-rose, jasmine and lilac, red roses and laburnums, + overshadowed by tall palm-trees, acacias and balsam trees. Large bats + hovered softly on their delicate wings over the whole, and sounds of mirth + and song echoed from the river. + </p> + <p> + This garden had been laid out by an Egyptian, and the builders of the + Pyramids had already been celebrated for ages for their skill in + horticulture. They well understood how to mark out neat flower-beds, plant + groups of trees and shrubs in regular order, water the whole by aqueducts + and fountains, arrange arbors and summerhouses, and even inclose the walks + with artistically clipped hedges, and breed goldfish in stone basins. + </p> + <p> + At the garden gate Phanes stopped, looked around him carefully and + listened; then shaking his head, “I do not understand what this can mean,” + he said. “I hear no voices, there is not a single light to be seen, the + boats are all gone, and yet the flag is still flying at its gay + flag-staff, there, by the obelisks on each side of the gate.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Obelisks bearing the name of the owner were sometimes to be seen + near the gates of the Egyptian country-houses. Flags too were not + uncommon, but these were almost exclusively to be found at the gates + of the temples, where to this day the iron sockets for the flagstaff + can still be seen. Neither were flags unknown to the Greeks. It + appears from some inscriptions on the staffs of the Pylons, that if + the former were not actually erected for lightning-rods, it had been + noticed that they attracted the electricity.] +</pre> + <p> + “Rhodopis must surely be from home; can they have forgotten?”—Here a + deep voice suddenly interrupted him with the exclamation, “Ha! the + commander of the body-guard!” + </p> + <p> + “A pleasant evening to you, Knakais,” exclaimed Phanes, kindly greeting + the old man, who now came up. “But how is it that this garden is as still + as an Egyptian tomb, and yet the flag of welcome is fluttering at the + gate? How long has that white ensign waved for guests in vain?” + </p> + <p> + “How long indeed?” echoed the old slave of Rhodopis with a smile. “So long + as the Fates graciously spare the life of my mistress, the old flag is + sure to waft as many guests hither as the house is able to contain. + Rhodopis is not at home now, but she must return shortly. The evening + being so fine, she determined on taking a pleasure-trip on the Nile with + her guests. They started at sunset, two hours ago, and the evening meal is + already prepared; they cannot remain away much longer. I pray you, Phanes, + to have patience and follow me into the house. Rhodopis would not easily + forgive me, if I allowed such valued guests to depart. You stranger,” he + added, turning to the Spartan, “I entreat most heartily to remain; as + friend of your friend you will be doubly welcome to my mistress.” + </p> + <p> + The two Greeks, following the servant, seated themselves in an arbor, and + Aristomachus, after gazing on the scene around him now brilliantly lighted + by the moon, said, “Explain to me, Phanes, by what good fortune this + Rhodopis, formerly only a slave and courtesan can now live as a queen, and + receive her guests in this princely manner?” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The mistresses (Hetaere) of the Greeks must not be compared with + modern women of bad reputation. The better members of this class + represented the intelligence and culture of their sex in Greece, and + more especially in the Ionian provinces. As an instance we need + only recall Aspasia and her well-attested relation to Pericles and + Socrates. Our heroine Rhodopis was a celebrated woman. The + Hetaera, Thargalia of Miletus, became the wife of a Thessalian king. + Ptolemy Lagi married Thais; her daughter was called Irene, and her + sons Leontiskus and Lagus. Finally, statues were erected to many.] +</pre> + <p> + “I have long expected this question,” answered the Athenian. “I shall be + delighted to make you acquainted with the past history of this woman + before you enter her house. So long as we were on the Nile, I would not + intrude my tale upon you; that ancient river has a wonderful power of + compelling to silence and quiet contemplation. Even my usually quick + tongue was paralyzed like yours, when I took my first night-journey on the + Nile.” + </p> + <p> + “I thank you for this,” replied the Spartan. “When I first saw the aged + priest Epimenides, at Knossus in Crete, he was one hundred and fifty years + old, and I remember that his age and sanctity filled me with a strange + dread; but how far older, how far more sacred, is this hoary river, the + ancient stream ‘Aigyptos’! Who would wish to avoid the power of his + spells? Now, however, I beg you to give me the history of Rhodopis.” + </p> + <p> + Phanes began: “When Rhodopis was a little child playing with her + companions on the Thracian sea-shore, she was stolen by some Phoenician + mariners, carried to Samos, and bought by Iadmon, one of the geomori, or + landed aristocracy of the island. The little girl grew day by day more + beautiful, graceful and clever, and was soon an object of love and + admiration to all who knew her. AEsop, the fable-writer, who was at that + time also in bondage to Iadmon, took an especial pleasure in the growing + amiability and talent of the child, taught her and cared for her in the + same way as the tutors whom we keep to educate our Athenian boys. + </p> + <p> + The kind teacher found his pupil tractable and quick of comprehension, and + the little slave soon practised the arts of music, singing and eloquence, + in a more charming and agreeable manner than the sons of her master + Iadmon, on whose education the greatest care had been lavished. By the + time she had reached her fourteenth year, Rhodopis was so beautiful and + accomplished, that the jealous wife of Iadmon would not suffer her to + remain any longer in the house, and the Samian was forced, with a heavy + heart, to sell her to a certain Xanthus. The government of Samos at that + time was still in the hands of the less opulent nobles; had Polykrates + then been at the head of affairs, Xanthus need not have despaired of a + purchaser. These tyrants fill their treasuries as the magpies their nests! + As it was, however, he went off with his precious jewel to Naukratis, and + there gained a fortune by means of her wondrous charms. These were three + years of the deepest humiliation to Rhodopis, which she still remembers + with horror. + </p> + <p> + Now it happened, just at the time when her fame was spreading through all + Greece, and strangers were coming from far to Naukratis for her sake + alone, that the people of Lesbos rose up against their nobles, drove them + forth, and chose the wise Pittakus as their ruler. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [According to Herodotus the beauty of Rhodopis was so great that + every Greek knew her by name.] +</pre> + <p> + The highest families of Lesbos were forced to leave the country, and fled, + some to Sicily, some to the Greek provinces of Italy, and others to Egypt. + Alcaeus, the greatest poet of his day, and Charaxus, the brother of that + Sappho whose odes it was our Solon’s last wish to learn by heart, came + here to Naukratis, which had already long been the flourishing centre of + commercial communication between Egypt and the rest of the world. Charaxus + saw Rhodopis, and soon loved her so passionately, that he gave an immense + sum to secure her from the mercenary Xanthus, who was on the point of + returning with her to his own country; Sappho wrote some biting verses, + derisive of her brother and his purchase, but Alcaeus on the other hand, + approved, and gave expression to this feeling in glowing songs on the + charms of Rhodopis. And now Sappho’s brother, who had till then remained + undistinguished among the many strangers at Naukratis, became a noted man + through Rhodopis. His house was soon the centre of attraction to all + foreigners, by whom she was overwhelmed with gifts. The King Hophra, + hearing of her beauty and talent, sent for her to Memphis, and offered to + buy her of Charaxus, but the latter had already long, though secretly, + given Rhodopis her freedom, and loved her far too well to allow of a + separation. She too, loved the handsome Lesbian and refused to leave him + despite the brilliant offers made to her on all sides. At length Charaxus + made this wonderful woman his lawful wife, and continued to live with her + and her little daughter Kleis in Naukratis, until the Lesbian exiles were + recalled to their native land by Pittakus. He then started homeward with + his wife, but fell ill on the journey, and died soon after his arrival at + Mitylene. Sappho, who had derided her brother for marrying one beneath + him, soon became an enthusiastic admirer of the beautiful widow and + rivalled Alcaeus in passionate songs to her praise. + </p> + <p> + After the death of the poetess, Rhodopis returned, with her little + daughter, to Naukratis, where she was welcomed as a goddess. During this + interval Amasis, the present king of Egypt, had usurped the throne of the + Pharaohs, and was maintaining himself in its possession by help of the + army, to which caste he belonged. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Amasis, of whom much will be said in our text, reigned 570-526 B. + C. His name, in the hieroglyphic signs, was Aahmes or young moon + but the name by which he was commonly called was Sa-Nit “Son of + Neith.” His name, and pictures of him are to be found on stones in + the fortress of Cairo, on a relief in Florence, a statue in the + Vatican, on sarcophagi in Stockholm and London, a statue in the + Villa Albani and on a little temple of red granite at Leyden. A + beautiful bust of gray-wacke in our possession probably represents + the same king.] +</pre> + <p> + As his predecessor Hophra had accelerated his fall, and brought the army + and priesthood to open rebellion by his predilection for the Greek nation, + and for intercourse with foreigners generally, (always an abomination in + the eyes of the Egyptians), men felt confident that Amasis would return to + the old ways, would rigorously exclude foreigners from the country, + dismiss the Greek mercenaries, and instead of taking counsel from the + Greeks, would hearken only to the commands of the priesthood. But in this, + as you must see yourself, the prudent Egyptians had guessed wide of the + mark in their choice of a ruler; they fell from Scylla into Charybdis. If + Hophra was called the Greeks’ friend, Amasis must be named our lover. The + Egyptians, especially the priests and the army, breathe fire and flame, + and would fain strangle us one and all, off hand, This feeling on the part + of the soldiery does not disturb Amasis, for he knows too well the + comparative value of their and our services; but with the priests it is + another and more serious matter, for two reasons: first, they possess an + unbounded influence over the people; and secondly. Amasis himself retains + more affection than he likes to acknowledge to us, for this absurd and + insipid religion—a religion which appears doubly sacred to its + adherents simply because it has existed in this eccentric land—unchanged + for thousands of years. These priests make the king’s life burdensome to + him; they persecute and injure us in every possible way; and indeed, if it + had not been for the king’s protection, I should long ago have been a dead + man. But I am wandering from my tale! As I said before, Rhodopis was + received at Naukratis with open arms by all, and loaded with marks of + favor by Amasis, who formed her acquaintance. Her daughter Kleis, as is + the case with the little Sappho now—was never allowed to appear in + the society which assembled every evening at her mother’s house, and + indeed was even more strictly brought up than the other young girls in + Naukratis. She married Glaucus, a rich Phocaean merchant of noble family, + who had defended his native town with great bravery against the Persians, + and with him departed to the newly-founded Massalia, on the Celtic coast. + There, however, the young couple both fell victims to the climate, and + died, leaving a little daughter, Sappho. Rhodopis at once undertook the + long journey westward, brought the orphan child back to live with her, + spent the utmost care on her education, and now that she is grown up, + forbids her the society of men, still feeling the stains of her own youth + so keenly that she would fain keep her granddaughter (and this in Sappho’s + case is not difficult), at a greater distance from contact with our sex + than is rendered necessary, by the customs of Egypt. To my friend herself + society is as indispensable as water to the fish or air to the bird. Her + house is frequented by all the strangers here, and whoever has once + experienced her hospitality and has the time at command will never after + be found absent when the flag announces an evening of reception. Every + Greek of mark is to be found here, as it is in this house that we consult + on the wisest measures for encountering the hatred of the priests and + bringing the king round to our own views. Here you can obtain not only the + latest news from home, but from the rest of the world, and this house is + an inviolable sanctuary for the persecuted, Rhodopis possessing a royal + warrant which secures her from every molestation on the part of the + police. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [A very active and strict police-force existed in Egypt, the + organization of which is said to have owed much to Amasis’ care. We + also read in inscriptions and papyrus rolls, that a body of mounted + police existed, the ranks of which were generally filled by + foreigners in preference to natives.] +</pre> + <p> + Our own songs and our own language are to be heard here, and here we take + counsel on the best means for delivering Greece from the ever fresh + encroachments of her tyrants. + </p> + <p> + In a word, this house is the centre of attraction for all Hellenic + interests in Egypt, and of more importance to us politically, than our + temple, the Hellenion itself, and our hall of commerce. + </p> + <p> + In a few minutes you will see this remarkable grandmother, and, if we + should be here alone, perhaps the grandchild too; you will then at once + perceive that they owe everything to their own rare qualities and not to + the chances of good fortune. Ah! there they come! they are going towards + the house. Cannot you hear the slave-girls singing? Now they are going in. + First let them quietly be seated, then follow me, and when the evening is + over you shall say whether you repent of having come hither, and whether + Rhodopis resembles more nearly a queen or a freed bond-woman.” + </p> + <p> + The houses was built in the Grecian style. It was a rather long, + one-storied building, the outside of which would be called extremely plain + in the present day; within, it united the Egyptian brilliancy of coloring + with the Greek beauty of form. The principal door opened into the + entrance-hall. To the left of this lay a large dining-room, overlooking + the Nile, and, opposite to this last was the kitchen, an apartment only to + be found in the houses of the wealthier Greeks, the poorer families being + accustomed to prepare their food at the hearth in the front apartment. The + hall of reception lay at the other end of the entrance-hall, and was in + the form of a square, surrounded within by a colonnade, into which various + chambers opened. This was the apartment devoted to the men, in the centre + of which was the household fire, burning on an altar-shaped hearth of rich + AEginetan metal-work. + </p> + <p> + It was lighted by an opening in the roof, which formed at the same time, + an outlet for the smoke. From this room (at the opposite end to that on + which it opened into the entrance-hall), a passage, closed by a + well-fastened door, led into the chamber of the women. This was also + surrounded by a colonnade within, but only on three sides, and here the + female inhabitants were accustomed to pass their time, when not employed, + spinning or weaving, in the rooms lying near the back or garden-door as it + was termed. Between these latter and the domestic offices, which lay on + the right and left of the women’s apartment, were the sleeping-rooms; + these served also as places of security for the valuables of the house. + The walls of the men’s apartment were painted of a reddish-brown color, + against which the outlines of some white marble carvings, the gift of a + Chian sculptor, stood out in sharp relief. The floor was covered with rich + carpets from Sardis; low cushions of panthers’ skins lay ranged along the + colonnade; around the artistically wrought hearth stood quaint Egyptian + settees, and small, delicately-carved tables of Thya wood, on which lay + all kinds of musical instruments, the flute, cithara and lyre. Numerous + lamps of various and singular shapes, filled with Kiki oil, hung against + the walls. Some represented fire-spouting dolphins; others, strange winged + monsters from whose jaws the flames issued; and these, blending their + light with that from the hearth, illumined the apartment. + </p> + <p> + In this room a group of men were assembled, whose appearance and dress + differed one from the other. A Syrian from Tyre, in a long crimson robe, + was talking animatedly to a man whose decided features and crisp, curly, + black hair proclaimed him an Israelite. The latter had come to Egypt to + buy chariots and horses for Zerubbabel, the governor of Judah—the + Egyptian equipages being the most sought after at that time. Close to him + stood three Greeks from Asia Minor, the rich folds of whose garments (for + they wore the costly dress of their native city Miletus), contrasted + strongly with the plain and unadorned robe of Phryxus, the deputy + commissioned to collect money for the temple of Apollo at Delphi, with + whom they were in earnest conversation. Ten years before, the ancient + temple had been consumed by fire; and at this time efforts were being made + to build another, and a more beautiful one. + </p> + <p> + Two of the Milesians, disciples of Anaximander and Anaximenes, were + staying then in Egypt, to study astronomy and the peculiar wisdom of the + Egyptians at Heliopolis, and the third was a wealthy merchant and + ship-owner, named Theopompus, who had settled at Naukratis. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Anaximander of Miletus, born 611-546, was a celebrated + geometrician, astronomer, philosopher and geographer. He was the + author of a book on natural phenomena, drew the first map of the + world on metal, and introduced into Greece a kind of clock which he + seems to have borrowed from the Babylonians. He supposes a primary + and not easily definable Being, by which the whole world is + governed, and in which, though in himself infinite and without + limits, everything material and circumscribed has its foundation. + “Chaotic matter” represents in his theory the germ of all created + things, from which water, earth, animals, nereids or fish-men, human + beings &c. have had their origin.] +</pre> + <p> + Rhodopis herself was engaged in a lively conversation with two Samian + Greeks: the celebrated worker in metals, sculptor and goldsmith Theodorus, + and the Iambic poet Ibykus of Rhegium, who had left the court of + Polykrates for a time in order to become acquainted with Egypt, and were + bearers of presents to Amasis from their ruler. Close to the fire lay + Philoinus of Sybaris, a corpulent man with strongly-marked features and a + sensual expression of face; he was stretched at full-length on a couch + covered with spotted furs, and amused himself by playing with his scented + curls wreathed with gold, and with the golden chains which fell from his + neck on to the long saffron-colored robe that clothed him down to his + feet. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Sybaris was a town in Lower Italy notorious throughout the ancient + world for its luxury. According to Strabo it was founded by + Achaeans 262. About 510 it was conquered and destroyed by the + Crotoniates and then rebuilt under the name of Thurii.] +</pre> + <p> + Rhodopis had a kind word for each of her guests, but at present she + occupied herself exclusively with the two celebrated Sarnians; their talk + was of art and poetry. The fire of youth still glowed in the eyes of the + Thracian woman, her tall figure was still full and unbent; her hair, + though grey, was wound round her beautifully formed head in luxuriant + waves, and laid together at the back in a golden net, and a sparkling + diadem shone above her lofty forehead. + </p> + <p> + Her noble Greek features were pale, but still beautiful and without a + wrinkle, notwithstanding her great age; indeed her small mouth with its + full lips, her white teeth, her eyes so bright and yet so soft, and her + nobly-formed nose and forehead would have been beauty enough for a young + maiden. + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis looked younger than she really was, though she made no attempt to + disavow her age. Matronly dignity was visible in every movement, and the + charm of her manner lay, not in a youthful endeavor to be pleasing, but in + the effort of age to please others, considering their wishes, and at the + same time demanding consideration in return. + </p> + <p> + Our two friends now presenting themselves in the hall, every eye turned + upon them, and as Phanes entered leading his friend by the hand, the + heartiest welcome met him from all sides; one of the Milesians indeed + exclaimed: “Now I see what it is that was wanting to our assembly. There + can be no merriment without Phanes.” + </p> + <p> + And Philoinus, the Sybarite, raising his deep voice, but not allowing + himself for a moment to be disturbed in his repose, remarked: “Mirth is a + good thing, and if you bring that with you, be welcome to me also, + Athenian.” + </p> + <p> + “To me,” said Rhodopis, turning to her new guests, “you are heartily + welcome, but not more in your joy than if borne down by sadness. I know no + greater pleasure than to remove the lines of care from a friend’s brow. + Spartan, I venture to address you as a friend too, for the friends of my + friends are my own.” Aristomachus bowed in silence, but Phanes, addressing + himself both to Rhodopis and to the Sybarite, answered: “Well then, my + friends, I can content you both. To you, Rhodopis, I must come for + comfort, for soon, too soon I must leave you and your pleasant house; + Philoinus however can still enjoy my mirth, as I cannot but rejoice in the + prospect of seeing my beloved Hellas once more, and of quitting, even + though involuntarily, this golden mouse-trap of a country.” + </p> + <p> + “You are going away! you have been dismissed? Whither are you going?” + echoed on all sides. + </p> + <p> + “Patience, patience, my friends,” cried Phanes. “I have a long story to + tell, but I will rather reserve it for the evening meal. And indeed, dear + friend, my hunger is nearly as great as my distress at being obliged to + leave you.” + </p> + <p> + “Hunger is a good thing,” philosophized the Sybarite once more, “when a + man has a good meal in prospect.” + </p> + <p> + “On that point you may be at ease, Philoinus,” answered Rhodopis. “I told + the cook to do his utmost, for the most celebrated epicure from the most + luxurious city in the world, no less a person than Philoinus of Sybaris, + would pass a stern judgment on his delicate dishes. Go, Knakias, tell them + to serve the supper. Are you content now, my impatient guests? As for me, + since I heard Phanes’ mournful news, the pleasure of the meal is gone.” + The Athenian bowed, and the Sybarite returned to his philosophy. + “Contentment is a good thing when every wish can be satisfied. I owe you + thanks, Rhodopis, for your appreciation of my incomparable native city. + What says Anakreon? + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “To-day is ours—what do we fear? + To-day is ours—we have it here. + Let’s treat it kindly, that it may + Wish at least with us to stay. + Let’s banish business, banish sorrow; + To the gods belongs to-morrow.” + </pre> + <p> + “Eh! Ibykus, have I quoted your friend the poet correctly, who feasts with + you at Polykrates’ banquets? Well, I think I may venture to say of my own + poor self that if Anakreon can make better verses, I understand the art of + living quite as well as he, though he writes so many poems upon it. Why, + in all his songs there is not one word about the pleasures of the table! + Surely they are as important as love and play! I confess that the two last + are clear to me also; still, I could exist without them, though in a + miserable fashion, but without food, where should we be?” + </p> + <p> + The Sybarite broke into a loud laugh at his own joke; but the Spartan + turned away from this conversation, drew Phryxus into a corner, and quite + abandoning his usually quiet and deliberate manner, asked eagerly whether + he had at last brought him the long wished for answer from the Oracle. The + serious features of the Delphian relaxed, and thrusting his hand into the + folds of his chiton,—[An undergarment resembling a shirt.]—he + drew out a little roll of parchment-like sheepskin, on which a few lines + were written. + </p> + <p> + The hands of the brave, strong Spartan trembled as he seized the roll, and + his fixed gaze on its characters was as if it would pierce the skin on + which they were inscribed. + </p> + <p> + Then, recollecting himself, he shook his head sadly and said: “We Spartans + have to learn other arts than reading and writing; if thou canst, read the + what Pythia says.” + </p> + <p> + The Delphian glanced over the writing and replied: “Rejoice! Loxias + (Apollo) promises thee a happy return home; hearken to the prediction of + the priestess.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “If once the warrior hosts from the snow-topped mountains descending + Come to the fields of the stream watering richly the plain, + Then shall the lingering boat to the beckoning meadows convey thee + Which to the wandering foot peace and a home will afford. + When those warriors come, from the snow-topped mountains descending, + Then will the powerful Five grant thee what long they refused.” + </pre> + <p> + To these words the Spartan listened with intense eagerness; he had them + read over to him twice, then repeated them from memory, thanked Phryxus, + and placed the roll within the folds of his garment. + </p> + <p> + The Delphian then took part in the general conversation, but Aristomachus + repeated the words of the Oracle unceasingly to himself in a low voice, + endeavoring to impress them on his memory, and to interpret their obscure + import. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0002" id="link2HCH0002"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER II. + </h2> + <p> + The doors of the supper-room now flew open. Two lovely, fair-haired boys, + holding myrtle-wreaths, stood on each side of the entrance, and in the + middle of the room was a large, low, brilliantly polished table, + surrounded by inviting purple cushions. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [It was most probably usual for each guest to have his own little + table; but we read even in Homer of large tables on which the meals + were served up. In the time of Homer people sat at table, but the + recumbent position became universal in later times.] +</pre> + <p> + Rich nosegays adorned this table, and on it were placed large joints of + roast meat, glasses and dishes of various shapes filled with dates, figs, + pomegranates, melons and grapes, little silver beehives containing honey, + and plates of embossed copper, on which lay delicate cheese from the + island of Trinakria. In the midst was a silver table-ornament, something + similar to an altar, from which arose fragrant clouds of incense. + </p> + <p> + At the extreme end of the table stood the glittering silver cup in which + the wine was to be mixed. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Greeks were not accustomed to drink unmingled wine. Zaleukus + forbade to all citizens the pure juice of the grape under penalty of + death, and Solon under very severe penalties, unless required as + medicine. The usual mixture was composed of three-fifths water to + two-fifths wine.] +</pre> + <p> + This was of beautiful AEginetan workmanship, its crooked handles + representing two giants, who appeared ready to sink under the weight of + the bowl which they sustained. + </p> + <p> + Like the altar, it was enwreathed with flowers, and a garland of roses or + myrtle had been twined around the goblet of each guest. + </p> + <p> + The entire floor was strewed with rose-leaves, and the room lighted by + many lamps which were hung against the smooth, white, stucco walls. + </p> + <p> + No sooner were the guests reclining on their cushions, than the + fair-haired boys reappeared, wound garlands of ivy and myrtle around the + heads and shoulders of the revellers, and washed their feet in silver + basins. The Sybarite, though already scented with all the perfumes of + Arabia, would not rest until he was completely enveloped in roses and + myrtle, and continued to occupy the two boys even after the carver had + removed the first joints from the table in order to cut them up; but as + soon as the first course, tunny-fish with mustard-sauce, had been served, + he forgot all subordinate matters, and became absorbed in the enjoyment of + the delicious viands. + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis, seated on a chair at the head of the table, near the wine-bowl, + not only led the conversation, but gave directions to the slaves in + waiting. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The women took their meals sitting. The Greeks, like the + Egyptians, had chairs with backs and arms. The form of the solia or + throne has become familiar to us from the discoveries at Pompeii and + the representations of many gods and distinguished persons. It had + a high, almost straight back, and supports for the arms.] +</pre> + <p> + She gazed on her cheerful guests with a kind of pride, and seemed to be + devoting her attention to each exclusively, now asking the Delphian how he + had succeeded in his mission, then the Sybarite whether he was content + with the performances of her cook, and then listening eagerly to Ibykus, + as he told how the Athenian, Phrynichus, had introduced the religious + dramas of Thespis of Ikaria into common life, and was now representing + entire histories from the past by means of choruses, recitative and + answer. + </p> + <p> + Then she turned to the Spartan, remarking, that to him alone of all her + guests, instead of an apology for the simplicity of the meal, she felt she + owed one for its luxury. The next time he came, her slave Knakias, who, as + an escaped Helot, boasted that he could cook a delicious blood-soup (here + the Sybarite shuddered), should prepare him a true Lacedaemonian repast. + </p> + <p> + When the guests had eaten sufficiently they again washed their hands; the + plates and dishes were removed, the floor cleansed, and wine and water + poured into the bowl. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Symposium began after the real meal. Not till that was over + did the guests usually adorn themselves with wreaths, wash their + hands with Smegma or Smema (a kind of soap) and begin to drink.] +</pre> + <p> + At last, when Rhodopis had convinced herself that the right moment was + come, she turned to Phanes, who was engaged in a discussion with the + Milesians, and thus addressed him: + </p> + <p> + “Noble friend, we have restrained our impatience so long that it must + surely now be your duty to tell us what evil chance is threatening to + snatch you from Egypt and from our circle. You may be able to leave us and + this country with a light heart, for the gods are wont to bless you + Ionians with that precious gift from your very birth, but we shall + remember you long and sadly. I know of no worse loss than that of a friend + tried through years, indeed some of us have lived too long on the Nile not + to have imbibed a little of the constant, unchanging Egyptian temperament. + You smile, and yet I feel sure that long as you have desired to revisit + your dear Hellas, you will not be able to leave us quite without regret. + Ah, you admit this? Well, I knew I had not been deceived. But now tell us + why you are obliged to leave Egypt, that we may consider whether it may + not be possible to get the king’s decree reversed, and so keep you with + us.” + </p> + <p> + Phanes smiled bitterly, and replied: “Many thanks, Rhodopis, for these + flattering words, and for the kind intention either to grieve over my + departure, or if possible, to prevent it. A hundred new faces will soon + help you to forget mine, for long as you have lived on the Nile, you are + still a Greek from the crown of the head to the sole of the foot, and may + thank the gods that you have remained so. I am a great friend of constancy + too, but quite as great an enemy of folly, and is there one among you who + would not call it folly to fret over what cannot be undone? I cannot call + the Egyptian constancy a virtue, it is a delusion. The men who treasure + their dead for thousands of years, and would rather lose their last loaf + than allow a single bone belonging to one of their ancestors to be taken + from them, are not constant, they are foolish. Can it possibly make me + happy to see my friends sad? Certainly not! You must not imitate the + Egyptians, who, when they lose a friend, spend months in daily-repeated + lamentations over him. On the contrary, if you will sometimes think of the + distant, I ought to say, of the departed, friend, (for as long as I live I + shall never be permitted to tread Egyptian ground again), let it be with + smiling faces; do not cry, ‘Ah! why was Phanes forced to leave us?’ but + rather, ‘Let us be merry, as Phanes used to be when he made one of our + circle!’ In this way you must celebrate my departure, as Simonides + enjoined when he sang: + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “If we would only be more truly wise, + We should not waste on death our tears and sighs, + Nor stand and mourn o’er cold and lifeless clay + More than one day. + + For Death, alas! we have no lack of time; + But Life is gone, when scarcely at its prime, + And is e’en, when not overfill’d with care + But short and bare!” + </pre> + <p> + “If we are not to weep for the dead, how much less ought we to grieve for + absent friends! the former have left us for ever, but to the latter we say + at parting, ‘Farewell, until we meet again’” + </p> + <p> + Here the Sybarite, who had been gradually becoming more and more + impatient, could not keep silent any longer, and called out in the most + woe begone tone: “Will you never begin your story, you malicious fellow? I + cannot drink a single drop till you leave off talking about death. I feel + cold already, and I am always ill, if I only think of, nay, if I only hear + the subject mentioned, that this life cannot last forever.” The whole + company burst into a laugh, and Phanes began to tell his story: + </p> + <p> + “You know that at Sais I always live in the new palace; but at Memphis, as + commander of the Greek body-guard which must accompany the king + everywhere, a lodging was assigned me in the left wing of the old palace. + </p> + <p> + “Since Psamtik the First, Sais has always been the royal residence, and + the other palaces have in consequence become somewhat neglected. My + dwelling was really splendidly situated, and beautifully furnished; it + would have been first-rate, if, from the first moment of my entrance, a + fearful annoyance had not made its appearance. + </p> + <p> + “In the day-time, when I was seldom at home, my rooms were all that could + be wished, but at night it was impossible to sleep for the tremendous + noise made by thousands of rats and mice under the old floors, and + couches, and behind the hangings. + </p> + <p> + “Even in the first night an impudent mouse ran over my face. + </p> + <p> + “I was quite at a loss what to do, till an Egyptian soldier sold me two + large cats, and these, in the course of many weeks, procured me some rest + from my tormentors. + </p> + <p> + “Now, you are probably all aware that one of the charming laws of this + most eccentric nation, (whose culture and wisdom, you, my Milesian + friends, cannot sufficiently praise), declares the cat to be a sacred + animal. Divine honors are paid to these fortunate quadrupeds as well as to + many other animals, and he who kills a cat is punished with the same + severity as the murderer of a human being.” + </p> + <p> + Till now Rhodopis had been smiling, but when she perceived that Phanes’ + banishment had to do with his contempt for the sacred animals, her face + became more serious. She knew how many victims, how many human lives, had + already been sacrificed to this Egyptian superstition, and how, only a + short time before, the king Amasis himself had endeavored in vain to + rescue an unfortunate Samian, who had killed a cat, from the vengeance of + the enraged populace. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The cat was probably the most sacred of all the animals worshipped + by the Egyptians. Herod tells that when a house was on fire the + Egyptians never thought of extinguishing the fire until their cats + were all saved, and that when a cat died, they shaved their heads in + sign of mourning. Whoever killed one of these animals, whether + intentionally or by accident, suffered the penalty, of death, + without any chance of mercy. Diod. (I. 81.) himself witnessed the + murder of a Roman citizen who had killed a cat, by the Egyptian + people; and this in spite of the authorities, who in fear of the + powerful Romans, endeavored to prevent the deed. The bodies of the + cats were carefully embalmed and buried, and their mummies are to be + found in every museum. The embalmed cat, carefully wrapped in linen + bandages, is oftener to be met with than any other of the many + animals thus preserved by the Egyptians. In spite of the great care + bestowed on cats, there can have been no lack of mice in Egypt. In + one nomos or province the shrew-mouse was sacred, and a satirical, + obscene papyrus in Turin shows us a war between the cats and mice; + the Papyrus Ebers contains poisons for mice. We ourselves possess a + shrew-mouse exquisitely wrought in bronze.] +</pre> + <p> + “Everything was going well,” continued the officer, “when we left Memphis + two years ago. + </p> + <p> + “I confided my pair of cats to the care of one of the Egyptian servants at + the palace, feeling sure that these enemies of the rats would keep my + dwelling clear for the future; indeed I began to feel a certain veneration + for my deliverers from the plague of mice. + </p> + <p> + “Last year Amasis fell ill before the court could adjourn to Memphis, and + we remained at Sais. + </p> + <p> + “At last, about six week ago, we set out for the city of the Pyramids. I + betook me to my old quarters; not the shadow of a mouse’s tail was to be + seen there, but instead, they swarmed with another race of animals not one + whit dearer to me than their predecessors. The pair of cats had, during my + two years’ absence, increased twelve-fold. I tried all in my power to + dislodge this burdensome brood of all ages and colors, but in vain; every + night my sleep was disturbed by horrible choruses of four-footed animals, + and feline war-cries and songs. + </p> + <p> + “Every year, at the period of the Bubastis festival, all superfluous cats + may be brought to the temple of the cat-headed goddess Pacht, where they + are fed and cared for, or, as I believe, when they multiply too fast, + quietly put out of the way. These priests are knaves! + </p> + <p> + “Unfortunately the journey to the said temple” did not occur during the + time of our stay in Memphis; however, as I really could not tolerate this + army of tormentors any longer, I determined at least to get rid of two + families of healthy kittens with which their mothers had just presented + me. My old slave Mus, from his very name a natural enemy of cats, was told + to kill the little creatures, put them into a sack, and throw them into + the Nile. + </p> + <p> + “This murder was necessary, as the mewing of the kittens would otherwise + have betrayed the contents of the sack to the palace-warders. In the + twilight poor Muss betook himself to the Nile through the grove of Hathor, + with his perilous burden. But alas! the Egyptian attendant who was in the + habit of feeding my cats, had noticed that two families of kittens were + missing, and had seen through our whole plan. + </p> + <p> + “My slave took his way composedly through the great avenue of Sphinxes, + and by the temple of Ptah, holding the little bag concealed under his + mantle. Already in the sacred grove he noticed that he was being followed, + but on seeing that the men behind him stopped before the temple of Ptah + and entered into conversation with the priests, he felt perfectly + reassured and went on. + </p> + <p> + “He had already reached the bank of the Nile, when he heard voices calling + him and a number of people running towards him in haste; at the same + moment a stone whistled close by his head. + </p> + <p> + “Mus at once perceived the danger which was threatening him. Summoning all + his strength he rushed down to the Nile, flung the bag in, and then with a + beating heart, but as he imagined without the slightest evidence of guilt, + remained standing on the shore. A few moments later he was surrounded by + at least a hundred priests. + </p> + <p> + “Even the high-priest of Ptah, my old enemy Ptahotep, had not disdained to + follow the pursuers in person. + </p> + <p> + “Many of the latter, and amongst them the perfidious palace-servant, + rushed at once into the Nile, and there, to our confusion, found the bag + with its twelve little corpses, hanging entirely uninjured among the + Papyrus-reeds and bean-tendrils. The cotton coffin was opened before the + eyes of the high-priest, a troop of lower priests, and at least a thousand + of the inhabitants of Memphis, who had hurried to the spot, and when the + miserable contents were disclosed, there arose such fearful howls of + anguish, and such horrible cries of mingled lamentation and revenge, that + I heard them even in the palace. + </p> + <p> + “The furious multitude, in their wild rage, fell on my poor servant, threw + him down, trampled on him and would have killed him, had not the + all-powerful high-priest-designing to involve me, as author of the crime, + in the same ruin—commanded them to cease and take the wretched + malefactor to prison. + </p> + <p> + “Half an hour later I was in prison too. + </p> + <p> + “My old Mus took all the guilt of the crime on himself, until at last, by + means of the bastinado, the high-priest forced him to confess that I had + ordered the killing of the kittens, and that he, as a faithful servant, + had not dared to disobey. + </p> + <p> + “The supreme court of justice, whose decisions the king himself has no + power to reverse, is composed of priests from Memphis, Heliopolis and + Thebes: you can therefore easily believe that they had no scruple in + pronouncing sentence of death on poor Mus and my own unworthy Greek self. + The slave was pronounced guilty of two capital offences: first, of the + murder of the sacred animals, and secondly, of a twelve-fold pollution of + the Nile through dead bodies. I was condemned as originator of this, (as + they termed it) four-and-twenty-fold crime. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [According to the Egyptian law, the man who was cognizant of a crime + was held equally culpable with the perpetrator.] +</pre> + <p> + “Mus was executed on the same day. May the earth rest lightly on him! I + shall never think of him again as my slave, but as a friend and + benefactor! My sentence of death was read aloud in the presence of his + dead body, and I was already preparing for a long journey into the nether + world, when the king sent and commanded a reprieve. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This court of justice, which may be compared with the Areopagus at + Athens, and the Gerusia at Sparta, (Diod. I, 75.), was composed of + 30 judges taken from the priestly caste, (10 from Heliopolis, 10 + from Memphis, 10 from Thebes). The most eminent from among their + number was chosen by them as president. All complaints and defences + had to be presented in writing, that the judges might in no way be + influenced by word or gesture. This tribunal was independent, even + of the king’s authority. Much information concerning the + administration of justice has been obtained from the Papyrus Abbott, + known by the name of the ‘Papyrus judiciaire’. Particulars and an + account of their literature may be found in Ebers “Durch Gosen zum + Sinai,” p. 534 and following.] +</pre> + <p> + “I was taken back to prison. One of my guards, an Arcadian Taxiarch, told + me that all the officers of the guard and many of the soldiers, + (altogether four thousand men) had threatened to send in their + resignation, unless I, their commander, were pardoned. + </p> + <p> + “As it was beginning to grow dusk I was taken to the king. + </p> + <p> + “He received me graciously, confirmed the Taxiarch’s statement with his + own mouth, and said how grieved he should be to lose a commander so + generally beloved. I must confess that I owe Amasis no grudge for his + conduct to me, on the contrary I pity him. You should have heard how he, + the powerful king, complained that he could never act according to his own + wishes, that even in his most private affairs he was crossed and + compromised by the priests and their influence. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [See the parallel in the history of 2000 years later in the reigns + of Henry III. and IV. confronting the Jesuit influence, finally + culminating in assassination. D.W.] +</pre> + <p> + “Had it only depended on himself, he could easily have pardoned the + transgression of a law, which I, as a foreigner, could not be expected to + understand, and might (though unjustly) esteem as a foolish superstition. + But for the sake of the priests he dare not leave me unpunished. The + lightest penalty he could inflict must be banishment from Egypt. + </p> + <p> + “He concluded his complaint with these words: ‘You little know what + concessions I must make to the priests in order to obtain your pardon. + Why, our supreme court of justice is independent even of me, its king!’ + </p> + <p> + “And thus I received my dismissal, after having taken a solemn oath to + leave Memphis that very day, and Egypt, at latest, in three weeks. + </p> + <p> + “At the palace-gate I met Psamtik, the crown-prince. He has long been my + enemy, on account of some vexatious matters which I cannot divulge, (you + know them, Rhodopis). I was going to offer him my parting salutation, but + he turned his back upon me, saying: Once more you have escaped punishment, + Athenian; but you cannot elude my vengeance. Whithersoever you may go, I + shall be able to find you!’—‘That remains to be proved,’ I answered, + and putting myself and my possessions on board a boat, came to Naukratis. + Here, by good fortune, I met my old friend Aristomachus of Sparta, who, as + he was formerly in command of the Cyprian troops, will most likely be + nominated my successor. I should rejoice to know that such a first-rate + man was going to take my place, if I did not at the same time fear that + his eminent services will make my own poor efforts seem even more + insignificant than they really were.” + </p> + <p> + But here he was interrupted by Aristomachus, who called out: “Praise + enough, friend Phanes! Spartan tongues are stiff; but if you should ever + stand in need of my help, I will give you an answer in deeds, which shall + strike the right nail on the head.” + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis smiled her approval, and giving her hand to each, said: + “Unfortunately, the only conclusion to be drawn from your story, my poor + Phanes, is that you cannot possibly remain any longer in this country. I + will not blame you for your thoughtlessness, though you might have known + that you were exposing yourself to great danger for a mere trifle. The + really wise and brave man never undertakes a hazardous enterprise, unless + the possible advantage and disadvantage that may accrue to him from it can + be reckoned at least as equal. Recklessness is quite as foolish, but not + so blamable as cowardice, for though both do the man an injury, the latter + alone can dishonor him. + </p> + <p> + “Your thoughtlessness, this time, has very nearly cost your life, a life + dear to many, and which you ought to save for a nobler end. We cannot + attempt to keep you here; we should thereby only injure ourselves without + benefitting you. This noble Spartan must now take your place as head and + representative of the Greek nation at the Egyptian court, must endeavor to + protect us against the encroachment of the priests, and to retain for us + the royal favor. I take your hand, Aristomachus, and will not let it go + till you have promised that you will protect, to the utmost of your power, + every Greek, however humble, (as Phanes did before you), from the + insolence of the Egyptians, and will sooner resign your office than allow + the smallest wrong done to a Hellene to go unpunished. We are but a few + thousands among millions of enemies, but through courage we are great, and + unity must keep us strong. Hitherto the Greeks in Egypt have lived like + brothers; each has been ready to offer himself for the good of all, and + all for each, and it is just this unity that has made us, and must keep + us, powerful. + </p> + <p> + “Oh! could we but bestow this precious gift on our mother-country and her + colonies! would the tribes of our native land but forget their Dorian, + Ionian or AEolian descent, and, contenting themselves with the one name of + Hellenes, live as the children of one family, as the sheep of one flock,—then + indeed we should be strong against the whole world, and Hellas would be + recognized by all nations as the Queen of the Earth!” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This longing desire for unity was by no means foreign to the + Greeks, though we seldom hear it expressed. Aristotle, for example, + says VII. 7.: “Were the Hellenes united into one state, they could + command all the barbarous nations.”] +</pre> + <p> + A fire glowed in the eyes of the grey-haired woman as she uttered these + words; and the Spartan, grasping her hand impetuously and stamping on the + floor with his wooden leg, cried: “By Zeus, I will not let a hair of their + heads be hurt; but thou, Rhodopis, thou art worthy to have been born a + Spartan woman.” + </p> + <p> + “Or an Athenian,” cried Phanes. + </p> + <p> + “An Ionian,” said the Milesians, and the sculptor: “A daughter of the + Samian Geomori—” + </p> + <p> + “But I am more, far more, than all these,” cried the enthusiastic woman. + “I am a Hellene!” + </p> + <p> + The whole company, even to the Jew and the Syrian, were carried away by + the intense feeling of the moment; the Sybarite alone remained unmoved, + and, with his mouth so full as to render the words almost unintelligible, + said: + </p> + <p> + “You deserve to be a Sybarite too, Rhodopis, for your roast beef is the + best I have tasted since I left Italy, and your Anthylla wine’ relishes + almost as well as Vesuvian or Chian!” + </p> + <p> + Every one laughed, except the Spartan, who darted a look of indignation + and contempt at the epicure. + </p> + <p> + In this moment a deep voice, hitherto unknown to us, shouted suddenly + through the window, “A glad greeting to you, my friends!” + </p> + <p> + “A glad greeting,” echoed the chorus of revellers, questioning and + guessing who this late arrival might prove to be. + </p> + <p> + They had not long to wait, for even before the Sybarite had had time + carefully to test and swallow another mouthful of wine, the speaker, + Kallias, the son of Phaenippus of Athens, was already standing by the side + of Rhodopis. He was a tall thin man of over sixty, with a head of that + oval form which gives the impression of refinement and intellect. One of + the richest among the Athenian exiles, he had twice bought the possessions + of Pisistratus from the state, and twice been obliged to surrender them, + on the tyrant’s return to power. Looking round with his clear keen eyes on + this circle of acquaintances, he exchanged friendly greetings with all, + and exclaimed: + </p> + <p> + “If you do not set a high value on my appearance among you this evening, I + shall think that gratitude has entirely disappeared from the earth.” + </p> + <p> + “We have been expecting you a long time,” interrupted one of the + Milesians. “You are the first man to bring us news of the Olympic games!” + </p> + <p> + “And we could wish no better bearer of such news than the victor of former + days?” added Rhodopis. “Take your seat,” cried Phanes impatiently, “and + come to the point with your news at once, friend Kallias.” + </p> + <p> + “Immediately, fellow-countryman,” answered the other. “It is some time ago + now since I left Olympia. I embarked at Cenchreae in a fifty-oared Samian + vessel, the best ship that ever was built. + </p> + <p> + “It does not surprise me that I am the first Greek to arrive in Naukratis. + We encountered terrific storms at sea, and could not have escaped with our + lives, if the big-bellied Samian galley, with her Ibis beak and fish’s + tail had not been so splendidly timbered and manned. + </p> + <p> + “How far the other homeward-bound passengers may have been driven out of + their course, I cannot tell; we found shelter in the harbor of Samos, and + were able to put to sea again after ten days. + </p> + <p> + “We ran into the mouth of the Nile this morning. I went on board my own + bark at once, and was so favored by Boreas, who at least at the end of my + voyage, seemed willing to prove that he still felt kindly towards his old + Kallias, that I caught sight of this most friendly of all houses a few + moments since. I saw the waving flag, the brightly lighted windows, and + debated within myself whether to enter or not; but Rhodopis, your + fascination proved irresistible, and besides, I was bursting with all my + untold news, longing to share your feast, and to tell you, over the viands + and the wine, things that you have not even allowed yourselves to dream + of.” + </p> + <p> + Kallias settled himself comfortably on one of the cushions, and before + beginning to tell his news, produced and presented to Rhodopis a + magnificent gold bracelet in the form of a serpent’s, which he had bought + for a large sum at Samos, in the goldsmith’s workshop of the very + Theodorus who was now sitting with him at table. + </p> + <p> + “This I have brought for you,”’ he said, turning to the delighted + Rhodopis, “but for you, friend Phanes, I have something still better. + Guess, who won the four-horse chariot-race?” + </p> + <p> + “An Athenian?” asked Phanes, and his face glowed with excitement; for the + victory gained by one citizen at the Olympic games belonged to his whole + people, and the Olympic olive-branch was the greatest honor and happiness + that could fall to the lot, either of a single Hellene, or an entire Greek + tribe. + </p> + <p> + “Rightly guessed, Phanes!” cried the bringer of this joyful news, “The + first prize has been carried off by an Athenian; and not only so, your own + cousin Cimon, the son of Kypselos, the brother of that Miltiades, who, + nine Olympiads ago, earned us the same honor, is the man who has conquered + this year; and with the same steeds that gained him the prize at the last + games. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The second triumph won by the steeds of Cimon must have taken + place, as Duneker correctly remarks, about the year 528. The same + horses won the race for the third time at the next Olympic games, + consequently four years later. As token of his gratitude Cimon + caused a monument to be erected in their honor in “the hollow way” + near Athens. We may here remind our readers that the Greeks made + use of the Olympic games to determine the date of each year. They + took place every four years. The first was fixed 776 B. C. Each + separate year was named the 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th of such or such an + Olympiad.] +</pre> + <p> + “The fame of the Alkmaeonidae is, verily, darkening more and more before + the Philaidae. Are not you proud, Phanes? do not you feel joy at the glory + of your family?” + </p> + <p> + In his delight Phanes had risen from his seat, and seemed suddenly to have + increased in stature by a whole head. + </p> + <p> + With a look of ineffable pride and consciousness of his own position, he + gave his hand to the messenger of victory. The latter, embracing his + countryman, continued: + </p> + <p> + “Yes, we have a right to feel proud and happy, Phanes; you especially, for + no sooner had the judges unanimously awarded the prize to Cimon, than he + ordered the heralds to proclaim the tyrant Pisistratus as the owner of the + splendid team, and therefore victor in the race. Pisistratus at once + caused it to be announced that your family was free to return to Athens, + and so now, Phanes, the long-wished for hour of your return home is + awaiting you.” + </p> + <p> + But at these words Phanes turned pale, his look of conscious pride changed + into one of indignation, and he exclaimed: + </p> + <p> + “At this I am to rejoice, foolish Kallias? rather bid me weep that a + descendant of Ajax should be capable of laying his well-won fame thus + ignominiously at a tyrant’s feet! No! I swear by Athene, by Father Zeus, + and by Apollo, that I will sooner starve in foreign lands than take one + step homeward, so long as the Pisistratidae hold my country in bondage. + When I leave the service of Amasis, I shall be free, free as a bird in the + air; but I would rather be the slave of a peasant in foreign lands, than + hold the highest office under Pisistratus. The sovereign power in Athens + belongs to us, its nobles; but Cimon by laying his chaplet at the feet of + Pisistratus has acknowledged the tyrants, and branded himself as their + servant. He shall hear that Phanes cares little for the tyrant’s clemency. + I choose to remain an exile till my country is free, till her nobles and + people govern themselves, and dictate their own laws. Phanes will never do + homage to the oppressor, though all the Philaidae, the Alkmaeonidae, and + even the men of your own house, Kallias, the rich Daduchi, should fall + down at his feet!” + </p> + <p> + With flashing eyes he looked round on the assembly; Kallias too + scrutinized the faces of the guests with conscious pride, as if he would + say: + </p> + <p> + “See, friends, the kind of men produced by my glorious country!” + </p> + <p> + Taking the hand of Phanes again, he said to him: “The tyrants are as + hateful to me as to you, my friend; but I have seen, that, so long as + Pisistratus lives, the tyranny cannot be overthrown. His allies, Lygdamis + of Naxos and Polykrates of Samos, are powerful; but the greatest danger + for our freedom lies in his own moderation and prudence. During my recent + stay in Greece I saw with alarm that the mass of the people in Athens love + their oppressor like a father. Notwithstanding his great power, he leaves + the commonwealth in the enjoyment of Solon’s constitution. He adorns the + city with the most magnificent buildings. They say that the new temple of + Zeus, now being built of glorious marble by Kallaeschrus, Antistates and + Porinus (who must be known to you, Theodorus), will surpass every building + that has yet been erected by the Hellenes. He understands how to attract + poets and artists of all kinds to Athens, he has had the poems of Homer + put into writing, and the prophecies of Musaeus collected by Onomakritus. + He lays out new streets and arranges fresh festivals; trade flourishes + under his rule, and the people find themselves well off, in spite of the + many taxes laid upon them. But what are the people? a vulgar multitude + who, like the gnats, fly towards every thing brilliant, and, so long as + the taper burns, will continue to flutter round it, even though they burn + their wings in doing so. Let Pisistratus’ torch burn out, Phanes, and I’ll + swear that the fickle crowd will flock around the returning nobles, the + new light, just as they now do around the tyrant. + </p> + <p> + “Give me your hand once more, you true son of Ajax; for you, my friends, I + have still many an interesting piece of news untold. + </p> + <p> + “The chariot-race, as I have just related, was won by Cimon who gave the + olive-branch to Pisistratus. Four finer horses than his I never saw. + Arkesilaus of Cyrene, Kleosthenes of Epidamnus, Aster of Sybaris, + Hekataeus of Miletus and many more had also sent splendid teams. Indeed + the games this time were more than brilliant. All Hellas had sent + deputies. Rhoda of the Ardeates, in distant Iberia, the wealthy Tartessus, + Sinope in the far East on the shores of Pontus, in short, every tribe that + could boast of Hellenic descent was well represented. The Sybarite + deputies were of a dazzling beauty; the Spartans, homely and simple, but + handsome as Achilles, tall and strong as Hercules; the Athenians + remarkable for their supple limbs and graceful movements, and the men of + Crotona were led by Milo, strongest of mortal birth. The Samian and + Milesian deputies vied in splendor and gorgeousness of attire with those + from Corinth and Mitylene: the flower of the Greek youth was assembled + there, and, in the space allotted to spectators, were seated, not only men + of every age, class and nation, but many virgins, fair and lovely maidens, + who had come to Olympia, more especially from Sparta, in order to + encourage the men during the games by their acclamations and applause. The + market was set up beyond the Alphaeus, and there traders from all parts of + the world were to be seen; Greeks, Carthaginians, Lydians, Phrygians and + shrewd Phoenicians from Palestine settled weighty business transactions, + or offered their goods to the public from tents and booths. But how can I + possibly describe to you the surging throngs of the populace, the echoing + choruses, the smoking festal hecatombs, the bright and variegated + costumes, the sumptuousness of the equipages, the clang of the different + dialects and the joyful cries of friends meeting again after years of + separation; or the splendid appearance of the envoys, the crowds of + lookers-on and venders of small wares, the brilliant effect produced by + the masses of spectators, who filled to overflowing the space allotted to + them, the eager suspense during the progress of the games, and the never + ending shouts of joy when the victory was decided; the solemn investiture + with the olive-branch, cut with a golden knife by the Elean boy, (whose + parents must both be living), from the sacred tree in the Altis planted so + many centuries ago by Hercules himself; or lastly, the prolonged + acclamations which, like peals of thunder, resounded in the Stadium, when + Milo of Crotona appeared, bearing on his shoulders the bronze statue of + himself cast by Dameas, and carried it through the Stadium into the Altis + without once tottering. The weight of the metal would have crushed a bull + to the earth: but borne by Milo it seemed like a child in the arms of its + Lacedaemonian nurse. + </p> + <p> + “The highest honors (after Cimon’s) were adjudged to a pair of Spartan + brothers, Lysander and Maro, the sons of Aristomachus. Maro was victor in + the foot race, but Lysander presented himself, amidst the shouts of the + spectators, as the opponent of Milo! Milo the invincible, victor at Pisa, + and in the Pythian and Isthmian combats. Milo was taller and stouter than + the Spartan, who was formed like Apollo, and seemed from his great youth + scarcely to have passed from under the hands of the schoolmaster. + </p> + <p> + “In their naked beauty, glistening with the golden oil, the youth and the + man stood opposite to one another, like a panther and a lion preparing for + the combat. Before the onset, the young Lysander raised his hands + imploringly to the gods, crying: ‘For my father, my honor, and the glory + of Sparta!’ The Crotonian looked down on the youth with a smile of + superiority; just as an epicure looks at the shell of the languste he is + preparing to open. + </p> + <p> + “And now the wrestling began. For some time neither could succeed in + grasping the other. The Crotonian threw almost irresistible weight into + his attempts to lay hold of his opponent, but the latter slipped through + the iron grip like a snake. This struggle to gain a hold lasted long, and + the immense multitude watched silently, breathless from excitement. Not a + sound was to be heard but the groans of the wrestlers and the singing of + the nightingales in the grove of the Altis. At last, the youth succeeded, + by means of the cleverest trick I ever saw, in clasping his opponent + firmly. For a long time, Milo exerted all his strength to shake him oft, + but in vain, and the sand of the Stadium was freely moistened by the great + drops of sweat, the result of this Herculean struggle. + </p> + <p> + “More and more intense waxed the excitement of the spectators, deeper and + deeper the silence, rarer the cries of encouragement, and louder the + groans of the wrestlers. At last Lysander’s strength gave way. Immediately + a thousand voices burst forth to cheer him on. He roused himself and made + one last superhuman effort to throw his adversary: but it was too late. + Milo had perceived the momentary weakness. Taking advantage of it, he + clasped the youth in a deadly embrace; a full black stream of blood welled + from Lysander’s beautiful lips, and he sank lifeless to the earth from the + wearied arms of the giant. Democedes, the most celebrated physician of our + day, whom you Samians will have known at the court of Polycrates, hastened + to the spot, but no skill could now avail the happy Lysander,—he was + dead. + </p> + <p> + “Milo was obliged to forego the victor’s wreath”; and the fame of this + youth will long continue to sound through the whole of Greece. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [By the laws of the games the wrestler, whose adversary died, had no + right to the prize of victory.] +</pre> + <p> + I myself would rather be the dead Lysander, son of Aristomachus, than the + living Kallias growing old in inaction away from his country. Greece, + represented by her best and bravest, carried the youth to his grave, and + his statue is to be placed in the Altis by those of Milo of Crotona and + Praxidamas of AEgina”. At length the heralds proclaimed the sentence of + the judges: ‘To Sparta be awarded a victor’s wreath for the dead, for the + noble Lysander hath been vanquished, not by Milo, but by Death, and he who + could go forth unconquered from a two hours’ struggle with the strongest + of all Greeks, hath well deserved the olive-branch.’” + </p> + <p> + Here Kallias stopped a moment in his narrative. During his animated + description of these events, so precious to every Greek heart, he had + forgotten his listeners, and, gazing into vacancy, had seen only the + figures of the wrestlers as they rose before his remembrance. Now, on + looking round, he perceived, to his astonishment, that the grey-haired man + with the wooden leg, whom he had already noticed, though without + recognizing him, had hidden his face in his hands and was weeping. + Rhodopis was standing at his right hand. Phanes at his left, and the other + guests were gazing at the Spartan, as if he had been the hero of Kallias’s + tale. In a moment the quick Athenian perceived that the aged man must + stand in some very near relation to one or other of the victors at + Olympia; but when he heard that he was Aristomachus-the father of that + glorious pair of brothers, whose wondrous forms were constantly hovering + before his eyes like visions sent down from the abodes of the gods, then + he too gazed on the sobbing old man with mingled envy and admiration, and + made no effort to restrain the tears which rushed into his own eyes, + usually so clear and keen. In those days men wept, as well as women, + hoping to gain relief from the balm of their own tears. In wrath, in + ecstasy of delight, in every deep inward anguish, we find the mighty + heroes weeping, while, on the other hand, the Spartan boys would submit to + be scourged at the altar of Artemis Orthia, and would bleed and even die + under the lash without uttering a moan, in order to obtain the praise of + the men. + </p> + <p> + For a time every one remained silent, out of respect to the old man’s + emotion. But at last the stillness was broken by Joshua the Jew, who began + thus, in broken Greek: + </p> + <p> + “Weep thy fill, O man of Sparta! I also have known what it is to lose a + son. Eleven years have passed since I buried him in the land of strangers, + by the waters of Babylon, where my people pined in captivity. Had yet one + year been added unto the life of the beautiful child, he had died in his + own land, and had been buried in the sepulchres of his fathers. But Cyrus + the Persian (Jehovah bless his posterity!) released us from bondage one + year too late, and therefore do I weep doubly for this my son, in that he + is buried among the enemies of my people Israel. Can there be an evil + greater than to behold our children, who are unto us as most precious + treasure, go down into the grave before us? And, may the Lord be gracious + unto me, to lose so noble a son, in the dawn of his early manhood, just at + the moment he had won such brilliant renown, must indeed be a bitter + grief, a grief beyond all others!” + </p> + <p> + Then the Spartan took away his hands from before his face; he was looking + stern, but smiled through his tears, and answered: + </p> + <p> + “Phoenician, you err! I weep not for anguish, but for joy, and would have + gladly lost my other son, if he could have died like my Lysander.” + </p> + <p> + The Jew, horrified at these, to him, sinful and unnatural words, shook his + head disapprovingly; but the Greeks overwhelmed the old man with + congratulations, deeming him much to be envied. His great happiness made + Aristomachus look younger by many years, and he cried to Rhodopis: “Truly, + my friend, your house is for me a house of blessing; for this is the + second gift that the gods have allowed to fall to my lot, since I entered + it.”—“What was the first?” asked Rhodopis. “A propitious oracle.”—“But,” + cried Phanes, “you have forgotten the third; on this day the gods have + blessed you with the acquaintance of Rhodopis. But, tell me, what is this + about the oracle?”—“May I repeat it to our friends?” asked the + Delphian. + </p> + <p> + Aristomachus nodded assent, and Phryxus read aloud a second time the + answer of the Pythia: + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “If once the warrior hosts from the snow-topped mountains descending + Come to the fields of the stream watering richly the plain, + Then shall the lingering boat to the beckoning meadows convey thee + Which to the wandering foot peace and a home will afford. + When those warriors come from the snow-topped mountains descending + Then will the powerful Five grant thee what they long refused.” + </pre> + <p> + Scarcely was the last word out of his mouth, when Kallias the Athenian, + springing up, cried: “In this house, too, you shall receive from me the + fourth gift of the gods. Know that I have kept my rarest news till last: + the Persians are coming to Egypt!” + </p> + <p> + At this every one, except the Sybarite, rushed to his feet, and Kallias + found it almost impossible to answer their numerous questions. “Gently, + gently, friends,” he cried at last; “let me tell my story in order, or I + shall never finish it at all. It is not an army, as Phanes supposes, that + is on its way hither, but a great embassy from Cambyses, the present ruler + of the most powerful kingdom of Persia. At Samos I heard that they had + already reached Miletus, and in a few days they will be here. Some of the + king’s own relations, are among the number, the aged Croesus, king of + Lydia, too; we shall behold a marvellous splendor and magnificence! Nobody + knows the object of their coming, but it is supposed that King Cambyses + wishes to conclude an alliance with Amasis; indeed some say the king + solicits the hand of Pharaoh’s daughter.” + </p> + <p> + “An alliance?” asked Phanes, with an incredulous shrug of the shoulders. + “Why the Persians are rulers over half the world already. All the great + Asiatic powers have submitted to their sceptre; Egypt and our own + mother-country, Hellas, are the only two that have been shared by the + conqueror.” + </p> + <p> + “You forget India with its wealth of gold, and the great migratory nations + of Asia,” answered Kallias. “And you forget moreover, that an empire, + composed like Persia of some seventy nations or tribes of different + languages and customs, bears the seeds of discord ever within itself, and + must therefore guard against the chance of foreign attack; lest, while the + bulk of the army be absent, single provinces should seize the opportunity + and revolt from their allegiance. Ask the Milesians how long they would + remain quiet if they heard that their oppressors had been defeated in any + battle?” + </p> + <p> + Theopompus, the Milesian merchant, called out, laughing at the same time: + “If the Persians were to be worsted in one war, they would at once be + involved in a hundred others, and we should not be the last to rise up + against our tyrants in the hour of their weakness!” + </p> + <p> + “Whatever the intentions of the envoys may be,” continued Kallias, “my + information remains unaltered; they will be here at the latest in three + days.” + </p> + <p> + “And so your oracle will be fulfilled, fortunate Aristomachus!” exclaimed + Rhodopis, “for see, the warrior hosts can only be the Persians. When they + descend to the shores of the Nile, then the powerful Five,’ your Ephori, + will change their decision, and you, the father of two Olympian victors, + will be recalled to your native land. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The five Ephori of Sparta were appointed to represent the absent + kings during the Messenian war. In later days the nobles made use + of the Ephori as a power, which, springing immediately from their + own body, they could oppose to the kingly authority. Being the + highest magistrates in all judicial and educational matters, and in + everything relating to the moral police of the country, the Ephori + soon found means to assert their superiority, and on most occasions + over that of the kings themselves. Every patrician who was past the + age of thirty, had the right to become a candidate yearly for the + office. Aristot. Potit, II. and IV. Laert. Diog. I. 68.] +</pre> + <p> + “Fill the goblets again, Knakias. Let us devote this last cup to the manes + of the glorious Lysander; and then I advise you to depart, for it is long + past midnight, and our pleasure has reached its highest point. The true + host puts an end to the banquet when his guests are feeling at their best. + Serene and agreeable recollections will soon bring you hither again; + whereas there would be little joy in returning to a house where the + remembrance of hours of weakness, the result of pleasure, would mingle + with your future enjoyment.” In this her guests agreed, and Ibykus named + her a thorough disciple of Pythagoras, in praise of the joyous, festive + evening. + </p> + <p> + Every one prepared for departure. The Sybarite, who had been drinking + deeply in order to counteract the very inconvenient amount of feeling + excited by the conversation, rose also, assisted by his slaves, who had to + be called in for this purpose. + </p> + <p> + While he was being moved from his former comfortable position, he + stammered something about a “breach of hospitality;” but, when Rhodopis + was about to give him her hand at parting, the wine gained the ascendancy + and he exclaimed, “By Hercules, Rhodopis, you get rid of us as if we were + troublesome creditors. It is not my custom to leave a supper so long as I + can stand, still less to be turned out of doors like a miserable + parasite!” + </p> + <p> + “Hear reason, you immoderate Sybarite,” began Rhodopis, endeavoring with a + smile to excuse her proceeding. But these words, in Philoinus’ + half-intoxicated mood, only increased his irritation; he burst into a + mocking laugh, and staggering towards the door, shouted: “Immoderate + Sybarite, you call me? good! here you have your answer: Shameless slave! + one can still perceive the traces of what you were in your youth. Farewell + then, slave of Iadmon and Xanthus, freedwoman of Charaxus!” He had not + however finished his sentence, when Aristomachus rushed upon him, stunned + him with a blow of his fist, and carried him off like a child down to the + boat in which his slaves were waiting at the garden-gate. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0003" id="link2HCH0003"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER III. + </h2> + <p> + The guests were all gone. Their departing mirth and joy had been smitten + down by the drunkard’s abusive words, like fresh young corn beneath a hail + storm. Rhodopis was left standing alone in the empty, brightly decorated + (supper-room). Knakias extinguished the colored lamps on the walls, and a + dull, mysterious half-light took the place of their brilliant rays, + falling scantily and gloomily on the piled-up plates and dishes, the + remnants of the meal, and the seats and cushions, pushed out of their + places by the retiring guests. A cold breeze came through the open door, + for the dawn was at hand, and just before sunrise, the air is generally + unpleasantly cool in Egypt. A cold chill struck the limbs of the aged + woman through her light garments. She stood gazing tearlessly and fixedly + into the desolate room, whose walls but a few minutes before had been + echoing with joy and gladness, and it seemed to her that the deserted + guest-chamber must be like her own heart. She felt as if a worm were + gnawing there, and the warm blood congealing into ice. + </p> + <p> + Lost in these thoughts, she remained standing till at last her old female + slave appeared to light her to her sleeping apartment. + </p> + <p> + Silently Rhodopis allowed herself to be undressed, and then, as silently, + lifted the curtain which separated a second sleeping apartment from her + own. In the middle of this second room stood a bedstead of maplewood, and + there, on white sheets spread over a mattress of fine sheep’s wool, and + protected from the cold by bright blue coverlets’s, lay a graceful, lovely + girl asleep; this was Rhodopis’ granddaughter, Sappho. The rounded form + and delicate figure seemed to denote one already in opening maidenhood, + but the peaceful, blissful smile could only belong to a harmless, happy + child. + </p> + <p> + One hand lay under her head, hidden among the thick dark brown hair, the + other clasped unconsciously a little amulet of green stone, which hung + round her neck. Over her closed eyes the long lashes trembled almost + imperceptibly, and a delicate pink flush came and went on the cheek of the + slumberer. The finely-cut nostrils rose and fell with her regular + breathing, and she lay there, a picture of innocence, of peace, smiling in + dreams, and of the slumber that the gods bestow on early youth, when care + has not yet come. + </p> + <p> + Softly and carefully, crossing the thick carpets on tiptoe, the + grey-haired woman approached, looked with unutterable tenderness into the + smiling, childish face, and, kneeling down silently by the side of the + bed, buried her face in its soft coverings, so that the girl’s hand just + came in contact with her hair. Then she wept, and without intermission; as + though she hoped with this flood of tears to wash away not only her recent + humiliation, but with it all other sorrow from her mind. + </p> + <p> + At length she rose, breathed a light kiss on the sleeping girl’s forehead, + raised her hands in prayer towards heaven, and returned to her own room, + gently and carefully as she had come. + </p> + <p> + At her own bedside she found the old slave-woman, still waiting for her. + </p> + <p> + “What do you want so late, Melitta?” said Rhodopis, kindly, under her + breath. “Go to bed; at your age it is not good to remain up late, and you + know that I do not require you any longer. Good night! and do not come + to-morrow until I send for you. I shall not be able to sleep much + to-night, and shall be thankful if the morning brings me a short repose.” + </p> + <p> + The woman hesitated; it seemed that she had some thing on her mind which + she feared to utter. + </p> + <p> + “There is something you want to ask me?” said Rhodopis. + </p> + <p> + Still the old slave hesitated. + </p> + <p> + “Speak!” said Rhodopis, “speak at once, and quickly.” + </p> + <p> + “I saw you weeping,” said the slave-woman, “you seem ill or sad; let me + watch this night by your bedside. Will you not tell me what ails you? You + have often found that to tell a sorrow lightens the heart and lessens the + pain. Then tell me your grief to-day too; it will do you good, it will + bring back peace to your mind.” + </p> + <p> + “No,” answered the other, “I cannot utter it.” And then she continued, + smiling bitterly: “I have once more experienced that no one, not even a + god, has power to cancel the past of any human being, and that, in this + world, misfortune and disgrace are one and the same. Good night, leave me; + Melitta!” + </p> + <p> + At noon on the following day, the same boat, which, the evening before, + had carried the Athenian and the Spartan, stopped once more before + Rhodopis’ garden. + </p> + <p> + The sun was shining so brightly, so warmly and genially in the dark blue + Egyptian sky, the air was so pure and light, the beetles were humming so + merrily, the boatmen singing so lustily and happily, the shores of the + Nile bloomed in such gay, variegated beauty, and were so thickly peopled, + the palm-trees, sycamores, bananas and acacias were so luxuriant in + foliage and blossom, and over the whole landscape the rarest and most + glorious gifts seemed to have been poured out with such divine + munificence, that a passer-by must have pronounced it the very home of joy + and gladness, a place from which sadness and sorrow had been forever + banished. + </p> + <p> + How often we fancy, in passing a quiet village hidden among its orchards, + that this at least must be the abode of peace, and unambitious + contentment! But alas! when we enter the cottages, what do we find? there, + as everywhere else, distress and need, passion and unsatisfied longing, + fear and remorse, pain and misery; and by the side of these, Ah! how few + joys! Who would have imagined on coming to Egypt, that this luxuriant, + laughing sunny land, whose sky is always unclouded, could possibly produce + and nourish men given to bitterness and severity? that within the + charming, hospitable house of the fortunate Rhodopis, covered and + surrounded, as it was, with sweet flowers, a heart could have been beating + in the deepest sadness? And, still more, who among all the guests of that + honored, admired Thracian woman, would have believed that this sad heart + belonged to her? to the gracious, smiling matron, Rhodopis herself? + </p> + <p> + She was sitting with Phanes in a shady arbor near the cooling spray of a + fountain. One could see that she had been weeping again, but her face was + beautiful and kind as ever. The Athenian was holding her hand and trying + to comfort her. + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis listened patiently, and smiled the while; at times her smile was + bitter, at others it gave assent to his words. At last however she + interrupted her well-intentioned friend, by saying: + </p> + <p> + “Phanes, I thank you. Sooner or later this last disgrace must be forgotten + too. Time is clever in the healing art. If I were weak I should leave + Naukratis and live in retirement for my grandchild alone; a whole world, + believe me, lies slumbering in that young creature. Many and many a time + already I have longed to leave Egypt, and as often have conquered the + wish. Not because I cannot live without the homage of your sex; of that I + have already had more than enough in my life, but because I feel that I, + the slave-girl and the despised woman once, am now useful, necessary, + almost indispensable indeed, to many free and noble men. Accustomed as I + am, to an extended sphere of work, in its nature resembling a man’s, I + could not content myself in living for one being alone, however dear. I + should dry up like a plant removed from a rich soil into the desert, and + should leave my grandchild desolate indeed, three times orphaned, and + alone in the world. No! I shall remain in Egypt. + </p> + <p> + “Now that you are leaving, I shall be really indispensable to our friends + here. Amasis is old; when Psamtik comes to the throne we shall have + infinitely greater difficulties to contend with than heretofore. I must + remain and fight on in the fore-front of our battle for the freedom and + welfare of the Hellenic race. Let them call my efforts unwomanly if they + will. This is, and shall be, the purpose of my life, a purpose to which I + will remain all the more faithful, because it is one of those to which a + woman rarely dares devote her life. During this last night of tears I have + felt that much, very much of that womanly weakness still lingers in me + which forms at once the happiness and misery of our sex. To preserve this + feminine weakness in my granddaughter, united with perfect womanly + delicacy, has been my first duty; my second to free myself entirely from + it. But a war against one’s own nature cannot be carried on without + occasional defeat, even if ultimately successful. When grief and pain are + gaining the upperhand and I am well nigh in despair, my only help lies in + remembering my friend Pythagoras, that noblest among men, and his words: + ‘Observe a due proportion in all things, avoid excessive joy as well as + complaining grief, and seek to keep thy soul in tune and harmony like a + well-toned harp.’” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [There is no question that Pythagoras visited Egypt during the reign + of Amasis, probably towards the middle of the 6th century (according + to our reckoning, about 536 B. C.) Herod. II. 81-123. Diod. I. 98. + Rich information about Pythagoras is to be found in the works of the + very learned scholar Roeth, who is however occasionally much too + bold in his conjectures. Pythagoras was the first among Greek + thinkers (speculators). He would not take the name of a wise man or + “sage,” but called himself “Philosophos,” or a “friend of wisdom.”] +</pre> + <p> + “This Pythagorean inward peace, this deep, untroubled calm, I see daily + before me in my Sappho; and struggle to attain it myself, though many a + stroke of fate untunes the chords of my poor heart. I am calm now! You + would hardly believe what power the mere thought of that first of all + thinkers, that calm, deliberate man, whose life acted on mine like sweet, + soft music, has over me. You knew him, you can understand what I mean. + Now, mention your wish; my heart is as calmly quiet as the Nile waters + which are flowing by so quietly, and I am ready to hear it, be it good or + evil.” + </p> + <p> + “I am glad to see you thus,” said the Athenian. “If you had remembered the + noble friend of wisdom, as Pythagoras was wont to call himself a little + sooner, your soul would have regained its balance yesterday. The master + enjoins us to look back every evening on the events, feelings and actions + of the day just past. + </p> + <p> + “Now had you done this, you would have felt that the unfeigned admiration + of all your guests, among whom were men of distinguished merit, outweighed + a thousandfold the injurious words of a drunken libertine; you would have + felt too that you were a friend of the gods, for was it not in your house + that the immortals gave that noble old man at last, after his long years + of misfortune, the greatest joy that can fall to the lot of any human + being? and did they not take from you one friend only in order to replace + him in the same moment, by another and a better? Come, I will hear no + contradiction. Now for my request. + </p> + <p> + “You know that people sometimes call me an Athenian, sometimes a + Halikarnassian. Now, as the Ionian, AEolian and Dorian mercenaries have + never been on good terms with the Karians, my almost triple descent (if I + may call it so) has proved very useful to me as commander of both these + divisions. Well qualified as Aristomachus may be for the command, yet in + this one point Amasis will miss me; for I found it an easy matter to + settle the differences among the troops and keep them at peace, while he, + as a Spartan, will find it very difficult to keep right with the Karian + soldiers. + </p> + <p> + “This double nationality of mine arises from the fact that my father + married a Halikarnassian wife out of a noble Dorian family, and, at the + time of my birth, was staying with her in Halikarnassus, having come + thither in order to take possession of her parental inheritance. So, + though I was taken back to Athens before I was three months old, I must + still be called a Karian, as a man’s native land is decided by his + birthplace. + </p> + <p> + “In Athens, as a young nobleman, belonging to that most aristocratic and + ancient family, the Philaidae, I was reared and educated in all the pride + of an Attic noble. Pisistratus, brave and clever, and though of equal, yet + by no means of higher birth, than ourselves, for there exists no family + more aristocratic than my father’s, gained possession of the supreme + authority. Twice, the nobles, by uniting all their strength, succeeded in + overthrowing him, and when, the third time, assisted by Lygdamis of Naxos, + the Argives and Eretrians, he attempted to return, we opposed him again. + We had encamped by the temple of Minerva at Pallene, and were engaged in + sacrificing to the goddess, early, before our first meal, when we were + suddenly surprised by the clever tyrant, who gained an easy, bloodless + victory over our unarmed troops. As half of the entire army opposed to the + tyrant was under my command, I determined rather to die than yield, fought + with my whole strength, implored the soldiers to remain steadfast, + resisted without yielding a point, but fell at last with a spear in my + shoulder. + </p> + <p> + “The Pisistratidae became lords of Athens. I fled to Halikarnassus, my + second home, accompanied by my wife and children. There, my name being + known through some daring military exploits, and, through my having once + conquered in the Pythian games, I was appointed to a command in the + mercenary troops of the King of Egypt; accompanied the expedition to + Cyprus, shared with Aristomachus the renown of having conquered the + birthplace of Aphrodite for Amasis, and finally was named + commander-in-chief of all the mercenaries in Egypt. + </p> + <p> + “Last summer my wife died; our children, a boy of eleven and a girl of ten + years, remained with an aunt in Halikarnassus. But she too has followed to + the inexorable Hades, and so, only a few days ago I sent for the little + ones here. They cannot, however, possibly reach Naukratis in less than + three weeks, and yet they will already have set out on their journey + before a letter to countermand my first order could reach them. + </p> + <p> + “I must leave Egypt in fourteen days, and cannot therefore receive them + myself. + </p> + <p> + “My own intentions are to go to the Thracian Chersonese, where my uncle, + as you know, has been called to fill a high office among the Dolonki. The + children shall follow me thither; my faithful old slave Korax will remain + in Naukratis on purpose to bring them to me. + </p> + <p> + “Now, if you will show to me that you are in deed and truth my friend, + will you receive the little ones and take care of them till the next ship + sails for Thrace? But above all, will you carefully conceal them from the + eyes of the crown-prince’s spies? You know that Psamtik hates me mortally, + and he could easily revenge himself on the father through the children. I + ask you for this great favor, first, because I know your kindness by + experience; and secondly, because your house has been made secure by the + king’s letter of guarantee, and they will therefore be safe here from the + inquiries of the police; notwithstanding that, by the laws of this most + formal country, all strangers, children not excepted, must give up their + names to the officer of the district. + </p> + <p> + “You can now judge of the depth of my esteem, Rhodopis; I am committing + into your hands all that makes life precious to me; for even my native + land has ceased to be dear while she submits so ignominiously to her + tyrants. Will you then restore tranquillity to an anxious father’s heart, + will you—?” + </p> + <p> + “I will, Phanes, I will!” cried the aged woman in undisguised delight. + “You are not asking me for any thing, you are presenting me with a gift. + Oh, how I look forward already to their arrival! And how glad Sappho will + be, when the little creatures come and enliven her solitude! But this I + can assure you, Phanes, I shall not let my little guests depart with the + first Thracian ship. You can surely afford to be separated from them one + short half-year longer, and I promise you they shall receive the best + lessons, and be guided to all that is good and beautiful.” + </p> + <p> + “On that head I have no fear,” answered Phanes, with a thankful smile. + “But still you must send off the two little plagues by the first ship; my + anxiety as to Psamtik’s revenge is only too well grounded. Take my most + heartfelt thanks beforehand for all the love and kindness which you will + show to my children. I too hope and believe, that the merry little + creatures will be an amusement and pleasure to Sappho in her lonely life.” + </p> + <p> + “And more,” interrupted Rhodopis looking down; “this proof of confidence + repays a thousand-fold the disgrace inflicted on me last night in a moment + of intoxication.—But here comes Sappho!” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0004" id="link2HCH0004"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER IV. + </h2> + <p> + Five days after the evening we have just described at Rhodopis’ house, an + immense multitude was to be seen assembled at the harbor of Sais. + </p> + <p> + Egyptians of both sexes, and of every age and class were thronging to the + water’s edge. + </p> + <p> + Soldiers and merchants, whose various ranks in society were betokened by + the length of their white garments, bordered with colored fringes, were + interspersed among the crowd of half-naked, sinewy men, whose only + clothing consisted of an apron, the costume of the lower classes. Naked + children crowded, pushed and fought to get the best places. Mothers in + short cloaks were holding their little ones up to see the sight, which by + this means they entirely lost themselves; and a troop of dogs and cats + were playing and fighting at the feet of these eager sight-seers, who took + the greatest pains not to tread on, or in any way injure the sacred + animals. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [According to various pictures on the Egyptian monuments. The + mothers are from Wilkinson III. 363. Isis and Hathor, with the + child Horus in her lap or at her breast, are found in a thousand + representations, dating both from more modern times and in the Greek + style. The latter seem to have served as a model for the earliest + pictures of the Madonna holding the infant Christ.] +</pre> + <p> + The police kept order among this huge crowd with long staves, on the metal + heads of which the king’s name was inscribed. Their care was especially + needed to prevent any of the people from being pushed into the swollen + Nile, an arm of which, in the season of the inundations, washes the walls + of Sais. + </p> + <p> + On the broad flight of steps which led between two rows of sphinxes down + to the landing-place of the royal boats, was a very different kind of + assembly. + </p> + <p> + The priests of the highest rank were seated there on stone benches. Many + wore long, white robes, others were clad in aprons, broad jewelled + collars, and garments of panther skins. Some had fillets adorned with + plumes that waved around brows, temples, and the stiff structures of false + curls that floated over their shoulders; others displayed the glistening + bareness of their smoothly-shaven skulls. The supreme judge was + distinguished by the possession of the longest and handsomest plume in his + head-dress, and a costly sapphire amulet, which, suspended by a gold + chain, hung on his breast. + </p> + <p> + The highest officers of the Egyptian army wore uniforms of gay colors,97 + and carried short swords in their girdles. On the right side of the steps + a division of the body-guard was stationed, armed with battleaxes, + daggers, bows, and large shields; on the left, were the Greek mercenaries, + armed in Ionian fashion. Their new leader, our friend Aristomachus, stood + with a few of his own officers apart from the Egyptians, by the colossal + statues of Psamtik I., which had been erected on the space above the + steps, their faces towards the river. + </p> + <p> + In front of these statues, on a silver chair, sat Psamtik, the heir to the + throne: He wore a close-fitting garment of many colors, interwoven with + gold, and was surrounded by the most distinguished among the king’s + courtiers, chamberlains, counsellors, and friends, all bearing staves with + ostrich feathers and lotus-flowers. + </p> + <p> + The multitude gave vent to their impatience by shouting, singing, and + quarrelling; but the priests and magnates on the steps preserved a + dignified and solemn silence. Each, with his steady, unmoved gaze, his + stiffly-curled false wig and beard, and his solemn, deliberate manner, + resembled the two huge statues, which, the one precisely similar to the + other, stood also motionless in their respective places, gazing calmly + into the stream. + </p> + <p> + At last silken sails, chequered with purple and blue, appeared in sight. + </p> + <p> + The crowd shouted with delight. Cries of, “They are coming! Here they + are!” “Take care, or you’ll tread on that kitten,” “Nurse, hold the child + higher that she may see something of the sight.” “You are pushing me into + the water, Sebak!” “Have a care Phoenician, the boys are throwing burs + into your long beard.” “Now, now, you Greek fellow, don’t fancy that all + Egypt belongs to you, because Amasis allows you to live on the shores of + the sacred river!” “Shameless set, these Greeks, down with them!” shouted + a priest, and the cry was at once echoed from many mouths. “Down with the + eaters of swine’s flesh and despisers of the gods!” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Egyptians, like the Jews, were forbidden to eat swine’s flesh. + This prohibition is mentioned in the Ritual of the Dead, found in a + grave in Abd-el-Qurnah, and also in other places. Porphyr de + Abstin. IV. The swine was considered an especially unclean animal + pertaining to Typhon (Egyptian, Set) as the boar to Ares, and + swineherds were an especially despised race. Animals with bristles + were only sacrificed at the feasts of Osiris and Eileithyia. Herod. + I. 2. 47. It is probable that Moses borrowed his prohibition of + swine’s flesh from the Egyptian laws with regard to unclean + animals.] +</pre> + <p> + From words they were proceeding to deeds, but the police were not to be + trifled with, and by a vigorous use of their staves, the tumult was soon + stilled. The large, gay sails, easily to be distinguished among the brown, + white and blue ones of the smaller Nile-boats which swarmed around them, + came nearer and nearer to the expectant throng. Then at last the + crown-prince and the dignitaries arose from their seats. The royal band of + trumpeters blew a shrill and piercing blast of welcome, and the first of + the expected boats stopped at the landing-place. + </p> + <p> + It was a rather long, richly-gilded vessel, and bore a silver sparrow-hawk + as figure-head. In its midst rose a golden canopy with a purple covering, + beneath which cushions were conveniently arranged. On each deck in the + forepart of the ship sat twelve rowers, their aprons attached by costly + fastenings. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Splendid Nile-boats were possessed, in greater or less numbers, by + all the men of high rank. Even in the tomb of Ti at Sakkara, which + dates from the time of the Pyramids, we meet with a chief overseer + of the vessels belonging to a wealthy Egyptian.] +</pre> + <p> + Beneath the canopy lay six fine-looking men in glorious apparel; and + before the ship had touched the shore the youngest of these, a beautiful + fair-haired youth, sprang on to the steps. + </p> + <p> + Many an Egyptian girl’s mouth uttered a lengthened “Ah” at this glorious + sight, and even the grave faces of some of the dignitaries brightened into + a friendly smile. + </p> + <p> + The name of this much-admired youth was Bartja. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This Bartja is better known under the name of Smerdis, but on what + account the Greeks gave him this name is not clear. In the + cuneiform inscriptions of Bisitun or Behistun, he is called Bartja, + or, according to Spiegel, Bardiya. We have chosen, for the sake of + the easy pronunciation, the former, which is Rawlinson’s simplified + reading of the name.] +</pre> + <p> + He was the son of the late, and brother of the reigning king of Persia, + and had been endowed by nature with every gift that a youth of twenty + years could desire for himself. + </p> + <p> + Around his tiara was wound a blue and white turban, beneath which hung + fair, golden curls of beautiful, abundant hair; his blue eyes sparkled + with life and joy, kindness and high spirits, almost with sauciness; his + noble features, around which the down of a manly beard was already + visible, were worthy of a Grecian sculptor’s chisel, and his slender but + muscular figure told of strength and activity. The splendor of his apparel + was proportioned to his personal beauty. A brilliant star of diamonds and + turquoises glittered in the front of his tiara. An upper garment of rich + white and gold brocade reaching just below the knees, was fastened round + the waist with a girdle of blue and white, the royal colors of Persia. In + this girdle gleamed a short, golden sword, its hilt and scabbard thickly + studded with opals and sky-blue turquoises. The trousers were of the same + rich material as the robe, fitting closely at the ankle, and ending within + a pair of short boots of light-blue leather. + </p> + <p> + The long, wide sleeves of his robe displayed a pair of vigorous arms, + adorned with many costly bracelets of gold and jewels; round his slender + neck and on his broad chest lay a golden chain. + </p> + <p> + Such was the youth who first sprang on shore. He was followed by Darius, + the son of Hystaspes, a young Persian of the blood royal, similar in + person to Bartja, and scarcely less gorgeously apparelled than he. The + third to disembark was an aged man with snow-white hair, in whose face the + gentle and kind expression of childhood was united, with the intellect of + a man, and the experience of old age. His dress consisted of a long purple + robe with sleeves, and the yellow boots worn by the Lydians;—his + whole appearance produced an impression of the greatest modesty and a + total absence of pretension. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [On account of these boots, which are constantly mentioned, Croesus + was named by the oracle “soft-footed.”] +</pre> + <p> + Yet this simple old man had been, but a few years before, the most envied + of his race and age; and even in our day at two thousand years’ interval, + his name is used as a synonyme for the highest point of worldly riches + attainable by mankind. The old man to whom we are now introduced is no + other than Croesus, the dethroned king of Lydia, who was then living at + the court of Cambyses, as his friend and counsellor, and had accompanied + the young Bartja to Egypt, in the capacity of Mentor. + </p> + <p> + Croesus was followed by Prexaspes, the king’s Ambassador, Zopyrus, the son + of Megabyzus, a Persian noble, the friend of Bartja and Darius; and, + lastly, by his own son, the slender, pale Gyges, who after having become + dumb in his fourth year through the fearful anguish he had suffered on his + father’s account at the taking of Sardis, had now recovered the power of + speech. + </p> + <p> + Psamtik descended the steps to welcome the strangers. His austere, sallow + face endeavored to assume a smile. The high officials in his train bowed + down nearly to the ground, allowing their arms to hang loosely at their + sides. The Persians, crossing their hands on their breasts, cast + themselves on the earth before the heir to the Egyptian throne. When the + first formalities were over, Bartja, according to the custom of his native + country, but greatly to the astonishment of the populace, who were totally + unaccustomed to such a sight, kissed the sallow cheek of the Egyptian + prince; who shuddered at the touch of a stranger’s unclean lips, then took + his way to the litters waiting to convey him and his escort to the + dwelling designed for them by the king, in the palace at Sais. + </p> + <p> + A portion of the crowd streamed after the strangers, but the larger number + remained at their places, knowing that many a new and wonderful sight yet + awaited them. + </p> + <p> + “Are you going to run after those dressed-up monkeys and children of + Typhon, too?” asked an angry priest of his neighbor, a respectable tailor + of Sais. “I tell you, Puhor, and the high-priest says so too, that these + strangers can bring no good to the black land! I am for the good old + times, when no one who cared for his life dared set foot on Egyptian soil. + Now our streets are literally swarming with cheating Hebrews, and above + all with those insolent Greeks whom may the gods destroy! + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Jews were called Hebrews (Apuriu) by the Egyptians; as brought + to light by Chabas. See Ebers, Aegypten I. p. 316. H. Brugsch + opposes this opinion.] +</pre> + <p> + “Only look, there is the third boat full of strangers! And do you know + what kind of people these Persians are? The high-priest says that in the + whole of their kingdom, which is as large as half the world, there is not + a single temple to the gods; and that instead of giving decent burial to + the dead, they leave them to be torn in pieces by dogs and vultures.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [These statements are correct, as the Persians, at the time of the + dynasty of the Achaemenidae, had no temples, but used fire-altars + and exposed their dead to the dogs and vultures. An impure corpse + was not permitted to defile the pure earth by its decay; nor might + it be committed to the fire or water for destruction, as their + purity would be equally polluted by such an act. But as it was + impossible to cause the dead bodies to vanish, Dakhmas or burying- + places were laid out, which had to be covered with pavement and + cement not less than four inches thick, and surrounded by cords to + denote that the whole structure was as it were suspended in the air, + and did not come in contact with the pure earth. Spiegel, Avesta + II.] +</pre> + <p> + “The tailor’s indignation at hearing this was even greater than his + astonishment, and pointing to the landing-steps, he cried: + </p> + <p> + “It is really too bad; see, there is the sixth boat full of these + foreigners!” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, it is hard indeed!” sighed the priest, “one might fancy a whole army + arriving. Amasis will go on in this manner until the strangers drive him + from his throne and country, and plunder and make slaves of us poor + creatures, as the evil Hyksos, those scourges of Egypt, and the black + Ethiopians did, in the days of old.” + </p> + <p> + “The seventh boat!” shouted the tailor. + </p> + <p> + “May my protectress Neith, the great goddess of Sais, destroy me, if I can + understand the king,” complained the priest. “He sent three barks to + Naukratis, that poisonous nest hated of the gods, to fetch the servants + and baggage of these Persians; but instead of three, eight had to be + procured, for these despisers of the gods and profaners of dead bodies + have not only brought kitchen utensils, dogs, horses, carriages, chests, + baskets and bales, but have dragged with them, thousands of miles, a whole + host of servants. They tell me that some of them have no other work than + twining of garlands and preparing ointments. Their priests too, whom they + call Magi, are here with them. I should like to know what they are for? of + what use is a priest where there is no temple?” + </p> + <p> + The old King Amasis received the Persian embassy shortly after their + arrival with all the amiability and kindness peculiar to him. + </p> + <p> + Four days later, after having attended to the affairs of state, a duty + punctually fulfilled by him every morning without exception, he went forth + to walk with Croesus in the royal gardens. The remaining members of the + embassy, accompanied by the crown-prince, were engaged in an excursion up + the Nile to the city of Memphis. + </p> + <p> + The palace-gardens, of a royal magnificence, yet similar in their + arrangement to those of Rhodopis, lay in the north-west part of Sais, near + the royal citadel. + </p> + <p> + Here, under the shadow of a spreading plane-tree, and near a gigantic + basin of red granite, into which an abundance of clear water flowed + perpetually through the jaws of black basalt crocodiles, the two old men + seated themselves. + </p> + <p> + The dethroned king, though in reality some years the elder of the two, + looked far fresher and more vigorous than the powerful monarch at his + side. Amasis was tall, but his neck was bent; his corpulent body was + supported by weak and slender legs: and his face, though well-formed, was + lined and furrowed. But a vigorous spirit sparkled in the small, flashing + eyes, and an expression of raillery, sly banter, and at times, even of + irony, played around his remarkably full lips. The low, broad brow, the + large and beautifully-arched head bespoke great mental power, and in the + changing color of his eyes one seemed to read that neither wit nor passion + were wanting in the man, who, from his simple place as soldier in the + ranks, had worked his way up to the throne of the Pharaohs. His voice was + sharp and hard, and his movements, in comparison with the deliberation of + the other members of the Egyptian court, appeared almost morbidly active. + </p> + <p> + The attitude and bearing of his neighbor Croesus were graceful, and in + every way worthy of a king. His whole manner showed that he had lived in + frequent intercourse with the highest and noblest minds of Greece. Thales, + Anaximander and Anaximenes of Miletus, Bias of Priene, Solon of Athens, + Pittakus of Lesbos, the most celebrated Hellenic philosophers, had in + former and happier days been guests at the court of Croesus in Sardis. His + full clear voice sounded like pure song when compared with the shrill + tones of Amasis. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Bias, a philosopher of Ionian origin, flourished about 560 B. C. + and was especially celebrated for his wise maxims on morals and law. + After his death, which took place during his defence of a friend in + the public court, a temple was erected to him by his countrymen. + Laert. Diog. I. 88.] +</pre> + <p> + “Now tell me openly,” began king Pharaoh—[In English “great house,” + the high gate or “sublime porte.”]—in tolerably fluent Greek, “what + opinion hast thou formed of Egypt? Thy judgment possesses for me more + worth than that of any other man, for three reasons: thou art better + acquainted with most of the countries and nations of this earth; the gods + have not only allowed thee to ascend the ladder of fortune to its utmost + summit, but also to descend it, and thirdly, thou hast long been the first + counsellor to the mightiest of kings. Would that my kingdom might please + thee so well that thou wouldst remain here and become to me a brother. + Verily, Croesus, my friend hast thou long been, though my eyes beheld thee + yesterday for the first time!” + </p> + <p> + “And thou mine,” interrupted the Lydian. “I admire the courage with which + thou hast accomplished that which seemed right and good in thine eyes, in + spite of opposition near and around thee. I am thankful for the favor + shown to the Hellenes, my friends, and I regard thee as related to me by + fortune, for hast thou not also passed through all the extremes of good + and evil that this life can offer?” + </p> + <p> + “With this difference,” said Amasis smiling, “that we started from + opposite points; in thy lot the good came first, the evil later; whereas + in my own this order has been reversed. In saying this, however,” he + added, “I am supposing that my present fortune is a good for me, and that + I enjoy it.” + </p> + <p> + “And I, in that case,” answered Croesus, “must be assuming that I am + unhappy in what men call my present ill-fortune.” + </p> + <p> + “How can it possibly be otherwise after the loss of such enormous + possessions?” + </p> + <p> + “Does happiness consist then in possession?” asked Croesus. “Is happiness + itself a thing to be possessed? Nay, by no means! It is nothing but a + feeling, a sensation, which the envious gods vouchsafe more often to the + needy than to the mighty. The clear sight of the latter becomes dazzled by + the glittering treasure, and they cannot but suffer continual humiliation, + because, conscious of possessing power to obtain much, they wage an eager + war for all, and therein are continually defeated.” + </p> + <p> + Amasis sighed, and answered: “I would I could prove thee in the wrong; but + in looking back on my past life I am fain to confess that its cares began + with that very hour which brought me what men call my good fortune.”—“And + I,” interrupted Croesus, “can assure thee that I am thankful thou + delayedst to come to my help, inasmuch as the hour of my overthrow was the + beginning of true, unsullied happiness. When I beheld the first Persians + scale the walls of Sardis, I execrated myself and the gods, life appeared + odious to me, existence a curse. Fighting on, but in heart despairing, I + and my people were forced to yield. A Persian raised his sword to cleave + my skull—in an instant my poor dumb son had thrown himself between + his father and the murderer, and for the first time after long years of + silence, I heard him speak. Terror had loosened his tongue; in that + dreadful hour Gyges learnt once more to speak, and I, who but the moment + before had been cursing the gods, bowed down before their power. I had + commanded a slave to kill me the moment I should be taken prisoner by the + Persians, but now I deprived him of his sword. I was a changed man, and by + degrees learnt ever more and more to subdue the rage and indignation which + yet from time to time would boil up again within my soul, rebellious + against my fate and my noble enemies. Thou knowest that at last I became + the friend of Cyrus, and that my son grew up at his court, a free man at + my side, having entirely regained the use of his speech. Everything + beautiful and good that I had heard, seen or thought during my long life I + treasured up now for him; he was my kingdom, my crown, my treasure. + Cyrus’s days of care, his nights so reft of sleep, reminded me with horror + of my own former greatness, and from day to day it became more evident to + me that happiness has nothing to do with our outward circumstances. Each + man possesses the hidden germ in his own heart. A contented, patient mind, + rejoicing much in all that is great and beautiful and yet despising not + the day of small things; bearing sorrow without a murmur and sweetening it + by calling to remembrance former joy; moderation in all things; a firm + trust in the favor of the gods and a conviction that, all things being + subject to change, so with us too the worst must pass in due season; all + this helps to mature the germ of happiness, and gives us power to smile, + where the man undisciplined by fate might yield to despair and fear.” + </p> + <p> + Amasis listened attentively, drawing figures the while in the sand with + the golden flower on his staff. At last he spoke: + </p> + <p> + “Verily, Croesus, I the great god, the ‘sun of righteousness,’ ‘the son of + Neith,’ ‘the lord of warlike glory,’ as the Egyptians call me, am tempted + to envy thee, dethroned and plundered as thou art. I have been as happy as + thou art now. Once I was known through all Egypt, though only the poor son + of a captain, for my light heart, happy temper, fun and high spirits. The + common soldiers would do anything for me, my superior officers could have + found much fault, but in the mad Amasis, as they called me, all was + overlooked, and among my equals, (the other under-officers) there could be + no fun or merry-making unless I took a share in it. My predecessor king + Hophra sent us against Cyrene. Seized with thirst in the desert, we + refused to go on; and a suspicion that the king intended to sacrifice us + to the Greek mercenaries drove the army to open mutiny. In my usual joking + manner I called out to my friends: ‘You can never get on without a king, + take me for your ruler; a merrier you will never find!’ The soldiers + caught the words. ‘Amasis will be our king,’ ran through the ranks from + man to man, and, in a few hours more, they came to me with shouts, and + acclamations of ‘The good, jovial Amasis for our King!’ One of my boon + companions set a field-marshal’s helmet on my head: I made the joke + earnest, and we defeated Hophra at Momempliis. The people joined in the + conspiracy, I ascended the throne, and men pronounced me fortunate. Up to + that time I had been every Egyptian’s friend, and now I was the enemy of + the best men in the nation. + </p> + <p> + “The priests swore allegiance to me, and accepted me as a member of their + caste, but only in the hope of guiding me at their will. My former + superiors in command either envied me, or wished to remain on the same + terms of intercourse as formerly. But this would have been inconsistent + with my new position, and have undermined my authority. One day, + therefore, when the officers of the host were at one of my banquets and + attempting, as usual, to maintain their old convivial footing, I showed + them the golden basin in which their feet had been washed before sitting + down to meat; five days later, as they were again drinking at one of my + revels, I caused a golden image of the great god Ra be placed upon the + richly-ornamented banqueting-table. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Ra, with the masculine article Phra, must be regarded as the + central point of the sun-worship of the Egyptians, which we consider + to have been the foundation of their entire religion. He was more + especially worshipped at Heliopolis. Plato, Eudoxus, and probably + Pythagoras also, profited by the teaching of his priests. The + obelisks, serving also as memorial monuments on which the names and + deeds of great kings were recorded, were sacred to him, and Pliny + remarks of them that they represented the rays of the sun. He was + regarded as the god of light, the director of the entire visible + creation, over which he reigned, as Osiris over the world of + spirits.] +</pre> + <p> + “On perceiving it, they fell down to worship. As they rose from their + knees, I took the sceptre, and holding it up on high with much solemnity, + exclaimed: ‘In five days an artificer has transformed the despised vessel + into which ye spat and in which men washed your feet, into this divine + image. Such a vessel was I, but the Deity, which can fashion better and + more quickly than a goldsmith, has made me your king. Bow down then before + me and worship. He who henceforth refuses to obey, or is unmindful of the + reverence due to the king, is guilty of death!’ + </p> + <p> + “They fell down before me, every one, and I saved my authority, but lost + my friends. As I now stood in need of some other prop, I fixed on the + Hellenes, knowing that in all military qualifications one Greek is worth + more than five Egyptians, and that with this assistance I should be able + to carry out those measures which I thought beneficial. + </p> + <p> + “I kept the Greek mercenaries always round me, I learnt their language, + and it was they who brought to me the noblest human being I ever met, + Pythagoras. I endeavored to introduce Greek art and manners among + ourselves, seeing what folly lay in a self-willed adherence to that which + has been handed down to us, when it is in itself bad and unworthy, while + the good seed lay on our Egyptian soil, only waiting to be sown. + </p> + <p> + “I portioned out the whole land to suit my purposes, appointed the best + police in the world, and accomplished much; but my highest aim, namely: to + infuse into this country, at once so gay and so gloomy, the spirit and + intellect of the Greeks, their sense of beauty in form, their love of life + and joy in it, this all was shivered on the same rock which threatens me + with overthrow and ruin whenever I attempt to accomplish anything new. The + priests are my opponents, my masters, they hang like a dead weight upon + me. Clinging with superstitious awe to all that is old and traditionary, + abominating everything foreign, and regarding every stranger as the + natural enemy of their authority and their teaching, they can lead the + most devout and religious of all nations with a power that has scarcely + any limits. For this I am forced to sacrifice all my plans, for this I see + my life passing away in bondage to their severe ordinances, this will rob + my death-bed of peace, and I cannot be secure that this host of proud + mediators between god and man will allow me to rest even in my grave!” + </p> + <p> + “By Zeus our saviour, with all thy good fortune, thou art to be pitied!” + interrupted Croesus sympathetically, “I understand thy misery; for though + I have met with many an individual who passed through life darkly and + gloomily, I could not have believed that an entire race of human beings + existed, to whom a gloomy, sullen heart was as natural as a poisonous + tooth to the serpent. Yet it is true, that on my journey hither and during + my residence at this court I have seen none but morose and gloomy + countenances among the priesthood. Even the youths, thy immediate + attendants, are never seen to smile; though cheerfulness, that sweet gift + of the gods, usually belongs to the young, as flowers to spring.” + </p> + <p> + “Thou errest,” answered Amasis, “in believing this gloom to be a universal + characteristic of the Egyptians. It is true that our religion requires + much serious thought. There are few nations, however, who have so largely + the gift of bantering fun and joke: or who on the occasion of a festival, + can so entirely forget themselves and everything else but the enjoyments + of the moment; but the very sight of a stranger is odious to the priests, + and the moroseness which thou observest is intended as retaliation on me + for my alliance with the strangers. Those very boys, of whom thou spakest, + are the greatest torment of my life. They perform for me the service of + slaves, and obey my slightest nod. One might imagine that the parents who + devote their children to this service, and who are the highest in rank + among the priesthood, would be the most obedient and reverential servants + of the king whom they profess to honor as divine; but believe me, Croesus, + just in this very act of devotion, which no ruler can refuse to accept + without giving offence, lies the most crafty, scandalous calculation. Each + of these youths is my keeper, my spy. They watch my smallest actions and + report them at once to the priests.” + </p> + <p> + “But how canst thou endure such an existence? Why not banish these spies + and select servants from the military caste, for instance? They would be + quite as useful as the priests.” + </p> + <p> + “Ah! if I only could, if I dared!” exclaimed Amasis loudly. And then, as + if frightened at his own rashness, he continued in a low voice, “I believe + that even here I am being watched. To-morrow I will have that grove of + fig-trees yonder uprooted. The young priest there, who seems so fond of + gardening, has other fruit in his mind besides the half-ripe figs that he + is so slowly dropping into his basket. While his hand is plucking the + figs, his ear gathers the words that fall from the mouth of his king.” + </p> + <p> + “But, by our father Zeus, and by Apollo—” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, I understand thy indignation and I share it; but every position has + its duties, and as a king of a people who venerate tradition as the + highest divinity, I must submit, at least in the main, to the ceremonies + handed down through thousands of years. Were I to burst these fetters, I + know positively that at my death my body would remain unburied; for, know + that the priests sit in judgment over every corpse, and deprive the + condemned of rest, even in the grave.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This well-known custom among the ancient Egyptians is confirmed, + not only by many Greek narrators, but by the laboriously erased + inscriptions discovered in the chambers of some tombs.] +</pre> + <p> + “Why care about the grave?” cried Croesus, becoming angry. “We live for + life, not for death!” + </p> + <p> + “Say rather,” answered Amasis rising from his seat, “we, with our Greek + minds, believe a beautiful life to be the highest good. But Croesus, I was + begotten and nursed by Egyptian parents, nourished on Egyptian food, and + though I have accepted much that is Greek, am still, in my innermost + being, an Egyptian. What has been sung to us in our childhood, and praised + as sacred in our youth, lingers on in the heart until the day which sees + us embalmed as mummies. I am an old man and have but a short span yet to + run, before I reach the landmark which separates us from that farther + country. For the sake of life’s few remaining days, shall I willingly mar + Death’s thousands of years? No, my friend, in this point at least I have + remained an Egyptian, in believing, like the rest of my countrymen, that + the happiness of a future life in the kingdom of Osiris, depends on the + preservation of my body, the habitation of the soul. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Each human soul was considered as a part of the world-soul Osiris, + was united to him after the death of the body, and thenceforth took + the name of Osiris. The Egyptian Cosmos consisted of the three + great realms, the Heavens, the Earth and the Depths. Over the vast + ocean which girdles the vault of heaven, the sun moves in a boat or + car drawn by the planets and fixed stars. On this ocean too the + great constellations circle in their ships, and there is the kingdom + of the blissful gods, who sit enthroned above this heavenly ocean + under a canopy of stars. The mouth of this great stream is in the + East, where the sun-god rises from the mists and is born again as a + child every morning. The surface of the earth is inhabited by human + beings having a share in the three great cosmic kingdoms. They + receive their soul from the heights of heaven, the seat and source + of light; their material body is of the earth; and the appearance or + outward form by which one human being is distinguished from another + at sight—his phantom or shadow—belongs to the depths. At death, + soul, body, and shadow separate from one another. The soul to + return to the place from whence it came, to Heaven, for it is a part + of God (of Osiris); the body, to be committed to the earth from + which it was formed in the image of its creator; the phantom or + shadow, to descend into the depths, the kingdom of shadows. The + gate to this kingdom was placed in the West among the sunset hills, + where the sun goes down daily,—where he dies. Thence arise the + changeful and corresponding conceptions connected with rising and + setting, arriving and departing, being born and dying. The careful + preservation of the body after death from destruction, not only + through the process of inward decay, but also through violence or + accident, was in the religion of ancient Egypt a principal condition + (perhaps introduced by the priests on sanitary grounds) on which + depended the speedy deliverance of the soul, and with this her + early, appointed union with the source of Light and Good, which two + properties were, in idea, one and indivisible. In the Egyptian + conceptions the soul was supposed to remain, in a certain sense, + connected with the body during a long cycle of solar years. She + could, however, quit the body from time to time at will, and could + appear to mortals in various forms and places; these appearances + differed according to the hour, and were prescribed in exact words + and delineations.] +</pre> + <p> + “But enough of these matters; thou wilt find it difficult to enter into + such thoughts. Tell me rather what thou thinkest of our temples and + pyramids.” + </p> + <p> + Croesus, after reflecting a moment, answered with a smile: “Those huge + pyramidal masses of stone seem to me creations of the boundless desert, + the gaily painted temple colonnades to be the children of the Spring; but + though the sphinxes lead up to your temple gates, and seem to point the + way into the very shrines themselves, the sloping fortress-like walls of + the Pylons, those huge isolated portals, appear as if placed there to + repel entrance. Your many-colored hieroglyphics likewise attract the gaze, + but baffle the inquiring spirit by the mystery that lies within their + characters. The images of your manifold gods are everywhere to be seen; + they crowd on our gaze, and yet who knows not that their real is not their + apparent significance? that they are mere outward images of thoughts + accessible only to the few, and, as I have heard, almost incomprehensible + in their depth? My curiosity is excited everywhere, and my interest + awakened, but my warm love of the beautiful feels itself in no way + attracted. My intellect might strain to penetrate the secrets of your + sages, but my heart and mind can never be at home in a creed which views + life as a short pilgrimage to the grave, and death as the only true life!” + </p> + <p> + “And yet,” said Amasis, “Death has for us too his terrors, and we do all + in our power to evade his grasp. Our physicians would not be celebrated + and esteemed as they are, if we did not believe that their skill could + prolong our earthly existence. This reminds me of the oculist Nebenchari + whom I sent to Susa, to the king. Does he maintain his reputation? is the + king content with him?” + </p> + <p> + “Very much so,” answered Croesus. “He has been of use to many of the + blind; but the king’s mother is alas! still sightless. It was Nebenchari + who first spoke to Cambyses of the charms of thy daughter Tachot. But we + deplore that he understands diseases of the eye alone. When the Princess + Atossa lay ill of fever, he was not to be induced to bestow a word of + counsel.” + </p> + <p> + “That is very natural; our physicians are only permitted to treat one part + of the body. We have aurists, dentists and oculists, surgeons for + fractures of the bone, and others for internal diseases. By the ancient + priestly law a dentist is not allowed to treat a deaf man, nor a surgeon + for broken bones a patient who is suffering from a disease of the bowels, + even though he should have a first rate knowledge of internal complaints. + This law aims at securing a great degree of real and thorough knowledge; + an aim indeed, pursued by the priests (to whose caste the physicians + belong) with a most praiseworthy earnestness in all branches of science. + Yonder lies the house of the high-priest Neithotep, whose knowledge of + astronomy and geometry was so highly praised, even by Pythagoras. It lies + next to the porch leading into the temple of the goddess Neith, the + protectress of Sais. Would I could show thee the sacred grove with its + magnificent trees, the splendid pillars of the temple with capitals + modelled from the lotus-flower, and the colossal chapel which I caused to + be wrought from a single piece of granite, as an offering to the goddess; + but alas! entrance is strictly refused to strangers by the priests. Come, + let us seek my wife and daughter; they have conceived an affection for + thee, and indeed it is my wish that thou shouldst gain a friendly feeling + towards this poor maiden before she goes forth with thee to the strange + land, and to the strange nation whose princess she is to become. Wilt thou + not adopt and take her under thy care?” + </p> + <p> + “On that thou may’st with fullest confidence rely,” replied Croesus with + warmth, returning the pressure of Amasis’ hand. “I will protect thy + Nitetis as if I were her father; and she will need my help, for the + apartments of the women in the Persian palaces are dangerous ground. But + she will meet with great consideration. Cambyses may be contented with his + choice, and will be highly gratified that thou hast entrusted him with thy + fairest child. Nebenchari had only spoken of Tachot, thy second daughter.” + </p> + <p> + “Nevertheless I will send my beautiful Nitetis. Tachot is so tender, that + she could scarcely endure the fatigues of the journey and the pain of + separation. Indeed were I to follow the dictates of my own heart, Nitetis + should never leave us for Persia. But Egypt stands in need of peace, and I + was a king before I became a father!” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0005" id="link2HCH0005"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER V. + </h2> + <p> + The other members of the Persian embassy had returned to Sais from their + excursion up the Nile to the pyramids. Prexaspes alone, the ambassador + from Cambyses, had already set out for Persia, in order to inform the king + of the successful issue of his suit. + </p> + <p> + The palace of Amasis was full of life and stir. The huge building was + filled in all parts by the followers of the embassy, nearly three hundred + in number, and by the high guests themselves, to whom every possible + attention was paid. The courts of the palace swarmed with guards and + officials, with young priests and slaves, all in splendid festal raiment. + </p> + <p> + On this day it was the king’s intention to make an especial display of the + wealth and splendor of his court, at a festival arranged in honor of his + daughter’s betrothal. + </p> + <p> + The lofty reception-hall opening on to the gardens, with its ceiling sown + with thousands of golden stars and supported by gaily-painted columns, + presented a magic appearance. Lamps of colored papyrus hung against the + walls and threw a strange light on the scene, something like that when the + sun’s rays strike through colored glass. The space between the columns and + the walls was filled with choice plants, palms, oleanders, pomegranates, + oranges and roses, behind which an invisible band of harp and + flute-players was stationed, who received the guests with strains of + monotonous, solemn music. + </p> + <p> + The floor of this hall was paved in black and white, and in the middle + stood elegant tables covered with dishes of all kinds, cold roast meats, + sweets, well-arranged baskets of fruit and cake, golden jugs of wine, + glass drinking-cups and artistic flower-vases. + </p> + <p> + A multitude of richly-dressed slaves under direction of the high-steward, + busied themselves in handing these dishes to the guests, who, either + standing around, or reclining on sumptuous seats, entertained themselves + in conversation with their friends. + </p> + <p> + Both sexes and all ages were to be found in this assembly. As the women + entered, they received charming little nosegays from the young priests in + the personal service of the king, and many a youth of high degree appeared + in the hall with flowers, which he not only offered to her he loved best, + but held up for her to smell. + </p> + <p> + The Egyptian men, who were dressed as we have already seen them at the + reception of the Persian embassy, behaved towards the women with a + politeness that might almost be termed submissive. Among the latter few + could pretend to remarkable beauty, though there were many bewitching + almond-shaped eyes, whose loveliness was heightened by having their lids + dyed with the eye-paint called “mestem.” The majority wore their hair + arranged in the same manner; the wealth of waving brown locks floated back + over the shoulders and was brushed behind the ears, one braid being left + on each side to hang over the temples to the breast. A broad diadem + confined these locks, which as the maids knew, were quite as often the + wig-maker’s work as Nature’s. Many ladies of the court wore above their + foreheads a lotus-flower, whose stem drooped on the hair at the back. + </p> + <p> + They carried fans of bright feathers in their delicate hands. These were + loaded with rings; the finger-nails were stained red, according to + Egyptian custom, and gold or silver bands were worn above the elbow, and + at the wrists and ankles. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This custom (of staining finger-nails) is still prevalent in the + East; the plant Shenna, Laosonia spinosa, called by Pliny XIII. + Cyprus, being used for the purpose. The Egyptian government has + prohibited the dye, but it will be difficult to uproot the ancient + custom. The pigment for coloring the eyelids, mentioned in the + text, is also still employed. The Papyrus Ebers alludes to the + Arabian kohl or antimony, which is frequently mentioned under the + name of “mestem” on monuments belonging to the time of the + Pharaohs.] +</pre> + <p> + Their robes were beautiful and costly, and in many cases so cut as to + leave the right breast uncovered. Bartja, the young Persian prince, among + the men, and Nitetis, the Pharaoh’s daughter, among the women, were + equally conspicuous for their superior beauty, grace and charms. The royal + maiden wore a transparent rose-colored robe, in her black hair were fresh + roses, she walked by the side of her sister, the two robed alike, but + Nitetis pale as the lotus-flower in her mother’s hair. + </p> + <p> + Ladice, the queen, by birth a Greek, and daughter of Battus of Cyrene, + walked by the side of Amasis and presented the young Persians to her + children. A light lace robe was thrown over her garment of purple, + embroidered with gold; and on her beautiful Grecian head she wore the + Urmus serpent, the ornament peculiar to Egyptian queens. + </p> + <p> + Her countenance was noble yet charming, and every movement betrayed the + grace only to be imparted by a Greek education. + </p> + <p> + Amasis, in making choice of this queen, after the death of his second + wife, (the Egyptian Tentcheta, mother of Psamtik the heir to the throne,) + had followed his prepossession in favor of the Greek nation and defied the + wrath of the priests. + </p> + <p> + The two girls at Ladice’s side, Tachot and Nitetis, were called + twin-sisters, but showed no signs of that resemblance usually to be found + in twins. + </p> + <p> + Tachot was a fair, blue-eyed girl, small, and delicately built; Nitetis, + on the other hand, tall and majestic, with black hair and eyes, evinced in + every action that she was of royal blood. + </p> + <p> + “How pale thou look’st, my child!” said Ladice, kissing Nitetis’ cheek. + “Be of good courage, and meet thy future bravely. Here is the noble + Bartja, the brother of thy future husband.” + </p> + <p> + Nitetis raised her dark, thoughtful eyes and fixed them long and + enquiringly on the beautiful youth. He bowed low before the blushing + maiden, kissed her garment, and said: + </p> + <p> + “I salute thee, as my future queen and sister! I can believe that thy + heart is sore at parting from thy home, thy parents, brethren and sisters; + but be of good courage; thy husband is a great hero, and a powerful king; + our mother is the noblest of women, and among the Persians the beauty and + virtue of woman is as much revered as the life-giving light of the sun. Of + thee, thou sister of the lily Nitetis, whom, by her side I might venture + to call the rose, I beg forgiveness, for robbing thee of thy dearest + friend.” + </p> + <p> + As he said these words he looked eagerly into Tachot’s beautiful blue + eyes; she bent low, pressing her hand upon her heart, and gazed on him + long after Amasis had drawn him away to a seat immediately opposite the + dancing-girls, who were just about to display their skill for the + entertainment of the guests. A thin petticoat was the only clothing of + these girls, who threw and wound their flexible limbs to a measure played + on harp and tambourine. After the dance appeared Egyptian singers and + buffoons for the further amusement of the company. + </p> + <p> + At length some of the courtiers forsook the hall, their grave demeanor + being somewhat overcome by intoxication. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Unfortunately women, as well as men, are to be seen depicted on the + monuments in an intoxicated condition. One man is being carried + home, like a log of wood, on the heads of his servants. Wilkinson + II. 168. Another is standing on his head II. 169. and several + ladies are in the act of returning the excessive quantity which they + have drunk. Wilkinson II. 167. At the great Techu-festival at + Dendera intoxication seems to have been as much commanded as at the + festivals of Dionysus under the Ptolemies, one of whom (Ptolemy + Dionysus) threatened those who remained sober with the punishment of + death. But intoxication was in general looked upon by the Egyptians + as a forbidden and despicable vice. In the Papyrus Anastasi IV., + for instance, we read these words on a drunkard: “Thou art as a + sanctuary without a divinity, as a house without bread,” and + further: “How carefully should men avoid beer (hek).” A number of + passages in the Papyrus denounce drunkards.] +</pre> + <p> + The women were carried home in gay litters by slaves with torches; and + only the highest military commanders, the Persian ambassadors and a few + officials, especial friends of Amasis, remained behind. These were + retained by the master of the ceremonies, and conducted to a + richly-ornamented saloon, where a gigantic wine-bowl standing on a table + adorned in the Greek fashion, invited to a drinking-bout. + </p> + <p> + Amasis was seated on a high arm-chair at the head of the table; at his + left the youthful Bartja, at his right the aged Croesus. Besides these and + the other Persians, Theodorus and Ibykus, the friends of Polykrates, + already known to us, and Aristomachus, now commander of the Greek + body-guard, were among the king’s guests. + </p> + <p> + Amasis, whom we have just heard in such grave discourse with Croesus, now + indulged in jest and satire. He seemed once more the wild officer, the + bold reveller of the olden days. + </p> + <p> + His sparkling, clever jokes, at times playful, at times scornful, flew + round among the revellers. The guests responded in loud, perhaps often + artificial laughter, to their king’s jokes, goblet after goblet was + emptied, and the rejoicings had reached their highest point, when suddenly + the master of the ceremonies appeared, bearing a small gilded mummy; and + displaying it to the gaze of the assembly, exclaimed. “Drink, jest, and be + merry, for all too soon ye shall become like unto this!” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Wilkinson gives drawings of these mummies (II. 410.) hundreds of + which were placed in the tombs, and have been preserved to us. + Lucian was present at a banquet, when they were handed round. The + Greeks seem to have adopted this custom, but with their usual talent + for beautifying all they touched, substituted a winged figure of + death for the mummy. Maxims similar to the following one are by no + means rare. “Cast off all care; be mindful only of pleasure until + the day cometh when then must depart on the journey, whose goal is + the realm of silence!” Copied from the tomb of Neferhotep to + Abd-el-Qurnah.] +</pre> + <p> + “Is it your custom thus to introduce death at all your banquets?” said + Bartja, becoming serious, “or is this only a jest devised for to-day by + your master of the ceremonies?” + </p> + <p> + “Since the earliest ages,” answered Amasis, “it has been our custom to + display these mummies at banquets, in order to increase the mirth of the + revellers, by reminding them that one must enjoy the time while it is + here. Thou, young butterfly, hast still many a long and joyful year before + thee; but we, Croesus, we old men, must hold by this firmly. Fill the + goblets, cup-bearer, let not one moment of our lives be wasted! Thou canst + drink well, thou golden-haired Persian! Truly the great gods have endowed + thee not only with beautiful eyes, and blooming beauty, but with a good + throat! Let me embrace thee, thou glorious youth, thou rogue! What + thinkest thou Croesus? my daughter Tachot can speak of nothing else than + of this beardless youth, who seems to have quite turned her little head + with his sweet looks and words. Thou needest not to blush, young madcap! A + man such as thou art, may well look at king’s daughters; but wert thou thy + father Cyrus himself, I could not allow my Tachot to leave me for Persia!” + </p> + <p> + “Father!” whispered the crown-prince Psamtik, interrupting this + conversation. “Father, take care what you say, and remember Phanes.” The + king turned a frowning glance on his son; but following his advice, took + much less part in the conversation, which now became more general. + </p> + <p> + The seat at the banquet-table, occupied by Aristomachus, placed him nearly + opposite to Croesus, on whom, in total silence and without once indulging + in a smile at the king’s jests, his eyes had been fixed from the beginning + of the revel. When the Pharaoh ceased to speak, he accosted Croesus + suddenly with the following question: “I would know, Lydian, whether the + snow still covered the mountains, when ye left Persia.” + </p> + <p> + Smiling, and a little surprised at this strange speech, Croesus answered: + “Most of the Persian mountains were green when we started for Egypt four + months ago; but there are heights in the land of Cambyses on which, even + in the hottest seasons, the snow never melts, and the glimmer of their + white crests we could still perceive, as we descended into the plains.” + </p> + <p> + The Spartan’s face brightened visibly, and Croesus, attracted by this + serious, earnest man, asked his name. “My name is Aristomachus.” + </p> + <p> + “That name seems known to me.” + </p> + <p> + “You were acquainted with many Hellenes, and my name is common among + them.” + </p> + <p> + “Your dialect would bespeak you my opinion a Spartan.” + </p> + <p> + “I was one once.” + </p> + <p> + “And now no more?” + </p> + <p> + “He who forsakes his native land without permission, is worthy of death.” + </p> + <p> + “Have you forsaken it with your own free-will?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes.” + </p> + <p> + “For what reason?” + </p> + <p> + “To escape dishonor.” + </p> + <p> + “What was your crime?” + </p> + <p> + “I had committed none.” + </p> + <p> + “You were accused unjustly?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes.” + </p> + <p> + “Who was the author of your ill-fortune?” + </p> + <p> + “Yourself.” + </p> + <p> + Croesus started from his seat. The serious tone and gloomy face of the + Spartan proved that this was no jest, and those who sat near the speakers, + and had been following this strange dialogue, were alarmed and begged + Aristomachus to explain his words. + </p> + <p> + He hesitated and seemed unwilling to speak; at last, however, at the + king’s summons, he began thus: + </p> + <p> + “In obedience to the oracle, you, Croesus, had chosen us Lacedaemonians, + as the most powerful among the Hellenes, to be your allies against the + might of Persia; and you gave us gold for the statue of Apollo on Mount + Thornax. The ephori, on this, resolved to present you with a gigantic + bronze wine-bowl, richly wrought. I was chosen as bearer of this gift. + Before reaching Sardis our ship was wrecked in a storm. The wine-cup sank + with it, and we reached Samos with nothing but our lives. On returning + home I was accused by enemies, and those who grudged my good fortune, of + having sold both ship and wine-vessel to the Samians. As they could not + convict me of the crime, and had yet determined on my ruin, I was + sentenced to two days’ and nights’ exposure on the pillory. My foot was + chained to it during the night; but before the morning of disgrace dawned, + my brother brought me secretly a sword, that my honor might be saved, + though at the expense of my life. But I could not die before revenging + myself on the men who had worked my ruin; and therefore, cutting the + manacled foot from my leg, I escaped, and hid in the rushes on the banks + of the Furotas. My brother brought me food and drink in secret; and after + two months I was able to walk on the wooden leg you now see. Apollo + undertook my revenge; he never misses his mark, and my two worst opponents + died of the plague. Still I durst not return home, and at length took ship + from Gythium to fight against the Persians under you, Croesus. On landing + at Teos, I heard that you were king no longer, that the mighty Cyrus, the + father of yonder beautiful youth, had conquered the powerful province of + Lydia in a few weeks, and reduced the richest of kings to beggary.” + </p> + <p> + Every guest gazed at Aristomachus in admiration. Croesus shook his hard + hand; and Bartja exclaimed: “Spartan, I would I could take you back with + me to Susa, that my friends there might see what I have seen myself, the + most courageous, the most honorable of men!” + </p> + <p> + “Believe me, boy,” returned Aristomachus smiling, “every Spartan would + have done the same. In our country it needs more courage to be a coward + than a brave man.” + </p> + <p> + “And you, Bartja,” cried Darius, the Persian king’s cousin, “could you + have borne to stand at the pillory?” Bartja reddened, but it was easy to + see that he too preferred death to disgrace. + </p> + <p> + “Zopyrus, what say you?” asked Darius of the third young Persian. + </p> + <p> + “I could mutilate my own limbs for love of you two,” answered he, grasping + unobserved the hands of his two friends. + </p> + <p> + With an ironical smile Psamtik sat watching this scene—the pleased + faces of Amasis, Croesus and Gyges, the meaning glances of the Egyptians, + and the contented looks with which Aristomachus gazed on the young heroes. + </p> + <p> + Ibykus now told of the oracle which had promised Aristomachus a return to + his native land, on the approach of the men from the snowy mountains, and + at the same time, mentioned the hospitable house of Rhodopis. + </p> + <p> + On hearing this name Psamtik grew restless; Croesus expressed a wish to + form the acquaintance of the Thracian matron, of whom AEsop had related so + much that was praiseworthy; and, as the other guests, many of whom had + lost consciousness through excessive drinking, were leaving the hall, the + dethroned monarch, the poet, the sculptor and the Spartan hero made an + agreement to go to Naukratis the next day, and there enjoy the + conversation of Rhodopis. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0006" id="link2HCH0006"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER VI. + </h2> + <p> + On the night following the banquet just described, Amasis allowed himself + only three hours’ rest. On this, as on every other morning, the young + priests wakened him at the first cock-crow, conducted him as usual to the + bath, arrayed him in the royal vestments and led him to the altar in the + court of the palace, where in presence of the populace he offered + sacrifice. During the offering the priests sang prayers in a loud voice, + enumerated the virtues of their king, and, that blame might in no case + light on the head of their ruler, made his bad advisers responsible for + every deadly sin committed in ignorance. + </p> + <p> + They exhorted him to the performance of good deeds, while extolling his + virtues; read aloud profitable portions of the holy writings, containing + the deeds and sayings of great men, and then conducted him to his + apartments, where letters and information from all parts of the kingdom + awaited him. + </p> + <p> + Amasis was in the habit of observing most faithfully these daily-repeated + ceremonies and hours of work; the remaining portion of the day he spent as + it pleased him, and generally in cheerful society. + </p> + <p> + The priests reproached him with this, alleging that such a life was not + suited to a monarch; and on one occasion he had thus replied to the + indignant high-priest: “Look at this bow! if always bent it must lose its + power, but, if used for half of each day and then allowed to rest, it will + remain strong and useful till the string breaks.” + </p> + <p> + Amasis had just signed his name to the last letter, granting the petition + of a Nornarch—[Administrator of a Province]—for money to carry + on different embankments rendered necessary by the last inundation, when a + servant entered, bringing a request from the crown-prince Psamtik for an + audience of a few minutes. + </p> + <p> + Amasis, who till this moment had been smiling cheerfully at the cheering + reports from all parts of the country, now became suddenly serious and + thoughtful. After long delay he answered: “Go and inform the prince that + he may appear.” + </p> + <p> + Psamtik appeared, pale and gloomy as ever; he bowed low and reverentially, + on entering his father’s presence. + </p> + <p> + Amasis nodded silently in return, and then asked abruptly and sternly: + “What is thy desire? my time is limited.” + </p> + <p> + “For your son, more than for others,” replied the prince with quivering + lips. “Seven times have I petitioned for the great favor, which thou + grantest for the first time to-day.” + </p> + <p> + “No reproaches! I suspect the reason of thy visit. Thou desirest an answer + to thy doubts as to the birth of thy sister Nitetis.” + </p> + <p> + “I have no curiosity; I come rather to warn thee, and to remind thee that + I am not the only one who is acquainted with this mystery.” + </p> + <p> + “Speakest thou of Phanes?” + </p> + <p> + “Of whom else should I speak? He is banished from Egypt and from his own + country, and must leave Naukratis in a few days. What guarantee hast thou, + that he will not betray us to the Persians?” + </p> + <p> + “The friendship and kindness which I have always shown him.” + </p> + <p> + “Dost thou believe in the gratitude of men?” + </p> + <p> + “No! but I rely on my own discernment of character. Phanes will not betray + us! he is my friend, I repeat it!” + </p> + <p> + “Thy friend perhaps, but my mortal enemy!” + </p> + <p> + “Then stand on thy guard! I have nothing to fear from him.” + </p> + <p> + “For thyself perhaps nought, but for our country! O father, reflect that + though as thy son I may be hateful in thine eyes, yet as Egypt’s future I + ought to be near thy heart. Remember, that at thy death, which may the + gods long avert, I shall represent the existence of this glorious land as + thou dost now; my fall will be the ruin of thine house, of Egypt!” + </p> + <p> + Amasis became more and more serious, and Psamtik went on eagerly: “Thou + knowest that I am right! Phanes can betray our land to any foreign enemy; + he is as intimately acquainted with it as we are; and beside this, he + possesses a secret, the knowledge of which would convert our most powerful + ally into a most formidable enemy.” + </p> + <p> + “There thou art in error. Though not mine, Nitetis is a king’s daughter + and will know how to win the love of her husband.” + </p> + <p> + “Were she the daughter of a god, she could not save thee from Cambyses’ + wrath, if he discovers the treachery; lying is to a Persian the worst of + crimes, to be deceived the greatest disgrace; thou hast deceived the + highest and proudest of the nation, and what can one inexperienced girl + avail, when hundreds of women, deeply versed in intrigue and artifice, are + striving for the favor of their lord?” + </p> + <p> + “Hatred and revenge are good masters in the art of rhetoric,” said Amasis + in a cutting tone. “And think’st thou then, oh, foolish son, that I should + have undertaken such a dangerous game without due consideration? Phanes + may tell the Persians what he likes, he can never prove his point. I, the + father, Ladice the mother must know best whether Nitetis is our child or + not. We call her so, who dare aver the contrary? If it please Phanes to + betray our land to any other enemy beside the Persians, let him; I fear + nothing! Thou wouldst have me ruin a man who has been my friend, to whom I + owe much gratitude, who has served me long and faithfully; and this + without offence from his side. Rather will I shelter him from thy revenge, + knowing as I do the impure source from which it springs.” + </p> + <p> + “My father!” + </p> + <p> + “Thou desirest the ruin of this man, because he hindered thee from taking + forcible possession of the granddaughter of Rhodopis, and because thine + own incapacity moved me to place him in thy room as commander of the + troops. Ah! thou growest pale! Verily, I owe Phanes thanks for confiding + to me your vile intentions, and so enabling me to bind my friends and + supporters, to whom Rhodopis is precious, more firmly to my throne.” + </p> + <p> + “And is it thus thou speakest of these strangers, my father? dost thou + thus forget the ancient glory of Egypt? Despise me, if thou wilt; I know + thou lovest me not; but say not that to be great we need the help of + strangers! Look back on our history! Were we not greatest when our gates + were closed to the stranger, when we depended on ourselves and our own + strength, and lived according to the ancient laws of our ancestors and our + gods? Those days beheld the most distant lands subjugated by Rameses, and + heard Egypt celebrated in the whole world as its first and greatest + nation. What are we now? The king himself calls beggars and foreigners the + supporters of his throne, and devises a petty stratagem to secure the + friendship of a power over whom we were victorious before the Nile was + infested by these strangers. Egypt was then a mighty Queen in glorious + apparel; she is now a painted woman decked out in tinsel!” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Rameses the Great, son of Sethos, reigned over Egypt 1394-1328 B. + C. He was called Sesostris by the Greeks; see Lepsius (Chron. d. + Aegypter, p. 538.) on the manner in which this confusion of names + arose. Egypt attained the zenith of her power under this king, + whose army, according to Diodorus (I. 53-58). consisted of 600,000 + foot and 24,000 horsemen, 27,000 chariots and 400 ships of war. + With these hosts he subdued many of the Asiatic and African nations, + carving his name and likeness, as trophies of victory, on the rocks + of the conquered countries. Herodotus speaks of having seen two of + these inscriptions himself (II. 102-106.) and two are still to be + found not far from Bairut. His conquests brought vast sums of + tribute into Egypt. Tacitus annal. II. 60. and these enabled him to + erect magnificent buildings in the whole length of his land from + Nubia to Tanis, but more especially in Thebes, the city in which he + resided. One of the obelisks erected by Rameses at Heliopolis is + now standing in the Place de la Concorde at Paris, and has been + lately translated by E. Chabas. On the walls of the yet remaining + palaces and temples, built under this mighty king, we find, even to + this day, thousands of pictures representing himself, his armed + hosts, the many nations subdued by the power of his arms, and the + divinities to whose favor he believed these victories were owing. + Among the latter Ammon and Bast seem to have received his especial + veneration, and, on the other hand, we read in these inscriptions + that the gods were very willing to grant the wishes of their + favorite. A poetical description of the wars he waged with the + Cheta is to be found in long lines of hieroglyphics on the south + wall of the hall of columns of Rameses II. at Karnal, also at Luxor + and in the Sallier Papyrus, and an epic poem referring to his mighty + deeds in no less than six different places.] +</pre> + <p> + “Have a care what thou sayest!” shouted Amasis stamping on the floor. + “Egypt was never so great, so flourishing as now! Rameses carried our arms + into distant lands and earned blood; through my labors the products of our + industry have been carried to all parts of the world and instead of blood, + have brought us treasure and blessing. Rameses caused the blood and sweat + of his subjects to flow in streams for the honor of his own great name; + under my rule their blood flows rarely, and the sweat of their brow only + in works of usefulness. Every citizen can now end his days in prosperity + and comfort. Ten thousand populous cities rise on the shores of the Nile, + not a foot of the soil lies untilled, every child enjoys the protection of + law and justice, and every ill-doer shuns the watchful eye of the + authorities. + </p> + <p> + “In case of attack from without, have we not, as defenders of those + god-given bulwarks, our cataracts, our sea and our deserts, the finest + army that ever bore arms? Thirty thousand Hellenes beside our entire + Egyptian military caste? such is the present condition of Egypt! Rameses + purchased the bright tinsel of empty fame with the blood and tears of his + people. To me they are indebted for the pure gold of a peaceful welfare as + citizens—to me and to my predecessors, the Saitic kings!” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The science of fortification was very fairly understood by the + ancient Egyptians. Walled and battlemented forts are to be seen + depicted on their monuments. We have already endeavored to show + (see our work on Egypt. I. 78 and following) that, on the northeast, + Egypt defended from Asiatic invasion by a line of forts extending + from Pelusium to the Red Sea.] +</pre> + <p> + “And yet I tell thee,” cried the prince, “that a worm is gnawing at the + root of Egypt’s greatness and her life. This struggle for riches and + splendor corrupts the hearts of the people, foreign luxury has given a + deadly blow to the simple manners of our citizens, and many an Egyptian + has been taught by the Greeks to scoff at the gods of his fathers. Every + day brings news of bloody strife between the Greek mercenaries and our + native soldiery, between our own people and the strangers. The shepherd + and his flock are at variance; the wheels of the state machinery are + grinding one another and thus the state itself, into total ruin. This + once, father, though never again, I must speak out clearly what is + weighing on my heart. While engaged in contending with the priests, thou + hast seen with calmness the young might of Persia roll on from the East, + consuming the nations on its way, and, like a devouring monster, growing + more and more formidable from every fresh prey. Thine aid was not, as thou + hadst intended, given to the Lydians and Babylonians against the enemy, + but to the Greeks in the building of temples to their false gods. At last + resistance seemed hopeless; a whole hemisphere with its rulers lay in + submission at the feet of Persia; but even then the gods willed Egypt a + chance of deliverance. Cambyses desired thy daughter in marriage. Thou, + however, too weak to sacrifice thine own flesh and blood for the good of + all, hast substituted another maiden, not thine own child, as an offering + to the mighty monarch; and at the same time, in thy soft-heartedness, wilt + spare the life of a stranger in whose hand he the fortunes of this realm, + and who will assuredly work its ruin; unless indeed, worn out by internal + dissension, it perish even sooner from its own weakness!” + </p> + <p> + Thus far Amasis had listened to these revilings of all he held dearest in + silence, though pale, and trembling with rage; but now he broke forth in a + voice, the trumpet-like sound of which pealed through the wide hall: + “Know’st thou not then, thou boasting and revengeful son of evil, thou + future destroyer of this ancient and glorious kingdom, know’st thou not + whose life must be the sacrifice, were not my children, and the dynasty + which I have founded, dearer to me than the welfare of the whole realm? + Thou, Psamtik, thou art the man, branded by the gods, feared by men—the + man to whose heart love and friendship are strangers, whose face is never + seen to smile, nor his soul known to feel compassion! It is not, however, + through thine own sin that thy nature is thus unblessed, that all thine + undertakings end unhappily. Give heed, for now I am forced to relate what + I had hoped long to keep secret from thine ears. After dethroning my + predecessor, I forced him to give me his sister Tentcheta in marriage. She + loved me; a year after marriage there was promise of a child. During the + night preceding thy birth I fell asleep at the bedside of my wife. I + dreamed that she was lying on the shores of the Nile, and complained to me + of pain in the breast. Bending down, I beheld a cypress-tree springing + from her heart. It grew larger and larger, black and spreading, twined its + roots around thy mother and strangled her. A cold shiver seized me, and I + was on the point of flying from the spot, when a fierce hurricane came + from the East, struck the tree and overthrew it, so that its spreading + branches were cast into the Nile. Then the waters ceased to flow; they + congealed, and, in place of the river, a gigantic mummy lay before me. The + towns on its banks dwindled into huge funereal urns, surrounding the vast + corpse of the Nile as in a tomb. At this I awoke and caused the + interpreters of dreams to be summoned. None could explain the vision, till + at last the priests of the Libyan Ammon gave me the following + interpretation ‘Tentcheta will die in giving birth to a son. The cypress, + which strangled its mother, is this gloomy, unhappy man. In his days a + people shall come from the East and shall make of the Nile, that is of the + Egyptians, dead bodies, and of their cities ruinous heaps; these are the + urns for the dead, which thou sawest.” + </p> + <p> + Psamtik listened as if turned into stone; his father continued; “Thy + mother died in giving birth to thee; fiery-red hair, the mark of the sons + of Typhon, grew around thy brow; thou becam’st a gloomy man. Misfortune + pursued thee and robbed thee of a beloved wife and four of thy children. + The astrologers computed that even as I had been born under the fortunate + sign of Amman, so thy birth had been watched over by the rise of the awful + planet Seb. Thou...” But here Amasis broke off, for Psamtik, in the + anguish produced by these fearful disclosures had given way, and with sobs + and groans, cried: + </p> + <p> + “Cease, cruel father! spare me at least the bitter words, that I am the + only son in Egypt who is hated by his father without cause!” + </p> + <p> + Amasis looked down on the wretched man who had sunk to the earth before + him, his face hidden in the folds of his robe, and the father’s wrath was + changed to compassion. He thought of Psamtik’s mother, dead forty years + before, and felt he had been cruel in inflicting this poisonous wound on + her son’s soul. It was the first time for years, that he had been able to + feel towards this cold strange man, as a father and a comforter. For the + first time he saw tears in the cold eyes of his son, and could feel the + joy of wiping them away. He seized the opportunity at once, and bending + clown over the groaning form, kissed his forehead, raised him from the + ground and said gently: + </p> + <p> + “Forgive my anger, my son! the words that have grieved thee came not from + my heart, but were spoken in the haste of wrath. Many years hast thou + angered me by thy coldness, hardness and obstinacy; to-day thou hast + wounded me again in my most sacred feelings; this hurried me into an + excess of wrath. But now all is right between us. Our natures are so + diverse that our innermost feelings will never be one, but at least we can + act in concert for the future, and show forbearance one towards the + other.” + </p> + <p> + In silence Psamtik bowed down and kissed his father’s robe “Not so,” + exclaimed the latter; “rather let my lips receive thy kiss, as is meet and + fitting between father and son! Thou needest not to think again of the + evil dream I have related. Dreams are phantoms, and even if sent by the + gods, the interpreters thereof are human and erring. Thy hand trembles + still, thy cheeks are white as thy robe. I was hard towards thee, harder + than a father....” + </p> + <p> + “Harder than a stranger to strangers,” interrupted his son. “Thou hast + crushed and broken me, and if till now my face has seldom worn a smile, + from this day forward it can be naught but a mirror of my inward misery.” + </p> + <p> + “Not so,” said Amasis, laying his hand on his son’s shoulder. “If I wound, + I can also heal. Tell me the dearest wish of thy heart, it shall be + granted thee!” + </p> + <p> + Psamtik’s eyes flashed, his sallow cheeks glowed for a moment, and he + answered without consideration, though in a voice still trembling from the + shock he had just received: “Deliver Phanes, my enemy, into my power!” + </p> + <p> + The king remained a few moments in deep thought, then answered: “I knew + what thou wouldst ask, and will fulfil thy desire: but I would rather thou + hadst asked the half of my treasures. A thousand voices within warn me + that I am about to do an unworthy deed and a ruinous—ruinous for + myself, for thee, the kingdom and our house. Reflect before acting, and + remember, whatever thou mayst meditate against Phanes, not a hair of + Rhodopis’ head shall be touched. Also, that the persecution of my poor + friend is to remain a secret from the Greeks. Where shall I find his equal + as a commander, an adviser and a companion? He is not yet in thy power, + however, and I advise thee to remember, that though thou mayst be clever + for an Egyptian, Phanes is a clever Greek. I will remind thee too of thy + solemn oath to renounce the grandchild of Rhodopis. Methinks vengeance is + dearer to thee than love, and the amends I offer will therefore be + acceptable! As to Egypt, I repeat once again, she was never more + flourishing than now; a fact which none dream of disputing, except the + priests, and those who retail their foolish words. And now give ear, if + thou wouldst know the origin of Nitetis. Self-interest will enjoin + secrecy.” + </p> + <p> + Psamtik listened eagerly to his father’s communication, indicating his + gratitude at the conclusion by a warm pressure of the hand. + </p> + <p> + “Now farewell,” said Amasis. “Forget not my words, and above all shed no + blood! I will know nothing of what happens to Phanes, for I hate cruelty + and would not be forced to stand in horror of my own son. But thou, thou + rejoicest! My poor Athenian, better were it for thee, hadst thou never + entered Egypt!” + </p> + <p> + Long after Psamtik had left, his father continued to pace the hall in deep + thought. He was sorry he had yielded; it already seemed as if he saw the + bleeding Phanes lying massacred by the side of the dethroned Hophra. “It + is true, he could have worked our ruin,” was the plea he offered to the + accuser within his own breast, and with these words, he raised his head, + called his servants and left the apartment with a smiling countenance. + </p> + <p> + Had this sanguine man, this favorite of fortune, thus speedily quieted the + warning voice within, or was he strong enough to cloak his torture with a + smile? + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0007" id="link2HCH0007"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER VII. + </h2> + <p> + Psamtik went at once from his father’s apartments to the temple of the + goddess Neith. At the entrance he asked for the high-priest and was begged + by one of the inferior priests to wait, as the great Neithotep was at that + moment praying in the holiest sanctuary of the exalted Queen of Heaven. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The temples of Egypt were so constructed as to intensify the + devotion of the worshipper by conducting him onward through a series + of halls or chambers gradually diminishing in size. “The way + through these temples is clearly indicated, no digression is + allowed, no error possible. We wander on through the huge and + massive gates of entrance, between the ranks of sacred animals. The + worshipper is received into an ample court, but by degrees the walls + on either side approach one another, the halls become less lofty, + all is gradually tending towards one point. And thus we wander on, + the sights and sounds of God’s world without attract us no longer, + we see nothing but the sacred representations which encompass us so + closely, feel only the solemnity of the temple in which we stand. + And the consecrated walls embrace us ever more and more closely, + until at last we reach the lonely, resonant chamber occupied by the + divinity himself, and entered by no human being save his priest.” + Schnaase, Kunstaeschirhtc I. 394.] +</pre> + <p> + After a short time a young priest appeared with the intelligence that his + superior awaited the Prince’s visit. Psamtik had seated himself under the + shadow of the sacred grove of silver poplars bordering the shores of the + consecrated lake, holy to the great Neith. He rose immediately, crossed + the temple-court, paved with stone and asphalte, on which the sun’s rays + were darting like fiery arrows, and turned into one of the long avenues of + Sphinxes which led to the isolated Pylons before the gigantic temple of + the goddess. He then passed through the principal gate, ornamented, as + were all Egyptian temple-entrances, with the winged sun’s disc. Above its + widely-opened folding doors arose on either side, tower-like buildings, + slender obelisks and waving flags. The front of the temple, rising from + the earth in the form of an obtuse angle, had somewhat the appearance of a + fortress, and was covered with colored pictures and inscriptions. Through + the porch Psamtik passed on into a lofty entrance-chamber, and from thence + into the great hall itself, the ceiling of which was strewn with thousands + of golden stars, and supported by four rows of lofty pillars. Their + capitals were carved in imitation of the lotus-flower, and these, the + shafts of the columns, the walls of this huge hall, and indeed every niche + and corner that met the eye were covered with brilliant colors and + hieroglyphics. The columns rose to a gigantic height, the eye seemed to + wander through immeasurable space, and the air breathed by the worshippers + was heavy with the fragrance of Kyphi and incense, and the odors which + arose from the laboratory attached to the temple. Strains of soft music, + proceeding from invisible hands, flowed on unceasingly, only occasionally + interrupted by the deep lowing of the sacred cows of Isis, or the shrill + call of the sparrow-hawk of Horus, whose habitations were in one of the + adjoining halls. No sooner did the prolonged low of a cow break like + distant thunder on the ear, or the sharp cry of the sparrow-hawk shoot + like a flash of lightning through the nerves of the worshippers, than each + crouching form bent lower still, and touched the pavement with his + forehead. On a portion of this pavement, raised above the rest, stood the + priests, some wearing ostrich-feathers on their bald and shining heads; + others panther-skins over their white-robed shoulders. Muttering and + singing, bowing low and rising again, they swung the censers and poured + libations of pure water to the gods out of golden vessels. In this immense + temple man seemed a dwarf in his own eyes. All his senses even to the + organs of respiration, were occupied by objects far removed from daily + life, objects that thrilled and almost oppressed him. Snatched from all + that was familiar in his daily existence, he seemed to grow dizzy and seek + support beyond himself. To this the voice of the priests directed him and + the cries of the sacred animals were believed to prove a divinity at hand. + </p> + <p> + Psamtik assumed the posture of a worshipper on the low, gilded and + cushioned couch set apart for him, but was unable to pay any real + devotion, and passed on to the adjoining apartment before mentioned, where + the sacred cows of Isis-Neith and the sparrow-hawk of Horus were kept. + These creatures were concealed from the gaze of the worshippers by a + curtain of rich fabric embroidered with gold; the people were only allowed + an occasional and distant glimpse of the adorable animals. When Psamtik + passed they were just being fed; cakes soaked in milk, salt and + clover-blossoms were placed in golden cribs for the cows, and small birds + of many-colored plumage in the beautifully-wrought and ornamented cage of + the sparrow-hawk. But, in his present mood, the heir to the throne of + Egypt had no eye for these rare sights; but ascended at once, by means of + a hidden staircase, to the chambers lying near the observatory, where the + high-priest was accustomed to repose after the temple-service. + </p> + <p> + Neithotep, a man of seventy years, was seated in a splendid apartment. + Rich Babylonian carpets covered the floor and his chair was of gold, + cushioned with purple. A tastefully-carved footstool supported his feet, + his hands held a roll covered with hieroglyphics, and a boy stood behind + him with a fan of ostrich-feathers to keep away the insects. + </p> + <p> + The face of the old man was deeply lined now, but it might once have been + handsome, and in the large blue eyes there still lay evidence of a quick + intellect and a dignified self-respect. + </p> + <p> + His artificial curls had been laid aside, and the bald, smooth head formed + a strange contrast to the furrowed countenance, giving an appearance of + unusual height to the forehead, generally so very low among the Egyptians. + The brightly-colored walls of the room, on which numerous sentences in + hieroglyphic characters were painted, the different statues of the goddess + painted likewise in gay colors, and the snow-white garments of the aged + priest, were calculated to fill a stranger not only with wonder, but with + a species of awe. + </p> + <p> + The old man received the prince with much affection, and asked: + </p> + <p> + “What brings my illustrious son to the poor servant of the Deity?” + </p> + <p> + “I have much to report to thee, my father;” answered Psamtik with a + triumphant smile, “for I come in this moment from Amasis.” + </p> + <p> + “Then he has at length granted thee an audience?” + </p> + <p> + “At length!” + </p> + <p> + “Thy countenance tells me that thou hast been favorably received by our + lord, thy father.” + </p> + <p> + “After having first experienced his wrath. For, when I laid before him the + petition with which thou hadst entrusted me, he was exceeding wroth and + nearly crushed me by his awful words.” + </p> + <p> + “Thou hadst surely grieved him by thy language. Didst thou approach him as + I advised thee, with lowliness, as a son humbly beseeching his father?” + </p> + <p> + “No, my father, I was irritated and indignant.” + </p> + <p> + “Then was Amasis right to be wrathful, for never should a son meet his + father in anger; still less when he hath a request to bring before him. + Thou know’st the promise, ‘The days of him that honoreth his father shall + be many.’ + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This Egyptian command hears a remarkable resemblance to the fifth + in the Hebrew decalogue, both having a promise annexed. It occurs + in the Prisse Papyrus, the most ancient sacred writing extant.] +</pre> + <p> + In this one thing, my scholar, thou errest always; to gain thine ends thou + usest violence and roughness, where good and gentle words would more + surely prevail. A kind word hath far more power than an angry one, and + much may depend on the way in which a man ordereth his speech. Hearken to + that which I will now relate. In former years there was a king in Egypt + named Snefru, who ruled in Memphis. And it came to pass that he dreamed, + and in his dream his teeth fell out of his mouth. And he sent for the + soothsayers and told them the dream. The first interpreter answered: ‘Woe + unto thee, O king, all thy kinsmen shall die before thee!’ Then was Snefru + wroth, caused this messenger of evil to be scourged, and sent for a second + interpreter. He answered: ‘O king, live for ever, thy life shall be longer + than the life of thy kinsmen and the men of thy house!’ Then the king + smiled and gave presents unto this interpreter, for though the + interpretations were one, yet he had understood to clothe his message in a + web of fair and pleasant words. Apprehendest thou? then hearken to my + voice, and refrain from harsh words, remembering that to the ear of a + ruler the manner of a man’s speech is weightier than its matter.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh my father, how often hast thou thus admonished me! how often have I + been convinced of the evil consequences of my rough words and angry + gestures! but I cannot change my nature, I cannot...” + </p> + <p> + “Say rather: I will not; for he that is indeed a man, dare never again + commit those sins of which he has once repented. But I have admonished + sufficiently. Tell me now how thou didst calm the wrath of Amasis.” + </p> + <p> + “Thou knowest my father. When he saw that he had wounded me in the depths + of my soul by his awful words, he repented him of his anger. He felt he + had been too hard, and desired to make amends at any price.” + </p> + <p> + “He hath a kindly heart, but his mind is blinded, and his senses taken + captive,” cried the priest. “What might not Amasis do for Egypt, would he + but hearken to our counsel, and to the commandments of the gods!” + </p> + <p> + “But hear me, my father! in his emotion he granted me the life of Phanes!” + </p> + <p> + “Thine eyes flash, Psamtik! that pleaseth me not. The Athenian must die, + for he has offended the gods; but though he that condemns must let justice + have her way, he should have no pleasure in the death of the condemned; + rather should he mourn. Now speak; didst thou obtain aught further?” + </p> + <p> + “The king declared unto me to what house Nitetis belongs.” + </p> + <p> + “And further naught?” + </p> + <p> + “No, my father; but art thou not eager to learn?... ” + </p> + <p> + “Curiosity is a woman’s vice; moreover, I have long known all that thou + canst tell me.” + </p> + <p> + “But didst thou not charge me but yesterday to ask my father this + question?” + </p> + <p> + “I did do so to prove thee, and know whether thou wert resigned to the + Divine will, and wert walking in those ways wherein alone thou canst + become worthy of initiation into the highest grade of knowledge. Thou hast + told us faithfully all that thou hast heard, and thereby proved that thou + canst obey—the first virtue of a priest.” + </p> + <p> + “Thou knewest then the father of Nitetis?” + </p> + <p> + “I myself pronounced the prayer over king Hophra’s tomb.” + </p> + <p> + “But who imparted the secret to thee?” + </p> + <p> + “The eternal stars, my son, and my skill in reading them.” + </p> + <p> + “And do these stars never deceive?” + </p> + <p> + “Never him that truly understands them.” + </p> + <p> + Psamtik turned pale. His father’s dream and his own fearful horoscope + passed like awful visions through his mind. The priest detected at once + the change in his features and said gently: “Thou deem’st thyself a lost + man because the heavens prognosticated evil at thy birth; but take + comfort, Psamtik; I observed another sign in the heavens at that moment, + which escaped the notice of the astrologers. Thy horoscope was a + threatening, a very threatening one, but its omens may be averted, they + may...” + </p> + <p> + “O tell me, father, tell me how!” + </p> + <p> + “They must turn to good, if thou, forgetful of all else, canst live alone + to the gods, paying a ready obedience to the Divine voice audible to us + their priests alone in the innermost and holiest sanctuary.” + </p> + <p> + “Father, I am ready to obey thy slightest word.” + </p> + <p> + “The great goddess Neith, who rules in Sais, grant this, my son!” answered + the priest solemnly. “But now leave me alone,” he continued kindly, + “lengthened devotions and the weight of years bring weariness. If + possible, delay the death of Phanes, I wish to speak with him before he + dies. Yet one more word. A troop of Ethiopians arrived yesterday. These + men cannot speak a word of Greek, and under a faithful leader, acquainted + with the Athenians and the locality, they would be the best agents for + getting rid of the doomed man, as their ignorance of the language and the + circumstances render treachery or gossip impossible. Before starting for + Naukratis, they must know nothing of the design of their journey; the deed + once accomplished, we can send them back to Kush.—[The Egyptian name + for Ethiopia.] Remember, a secret can never be too carefully kept! + Farewell.” Psamtik had only left the room a few moments, when a young + priest entered, one of the king’s attendants. + </p> + <p> + “Have I listened well, father?” he enquired of the old man. + </p> + <p> + “Perfectly, my son. Nothing of that which passed between Amasis and + Psamtik has escaped thine ears. May Isis preserve them long to thee!” + </p> + <p> + “Ah, father, a deaf man could have heard every word in the ante-chamber + to-day, for Amasis bellowed like an ox.” + </p> + <p> + “The great Neith has smitten him with the lack of prudence, yet I command + thee to speak of the Pharaoh with more reverence. But now return, keep + thine eyes open and inform me at once if Amasis, as is possible, should + attempt to thwart the conspiracy against Phanes. Thou wilt certainly find + me here. Charge the attendants to admit no one, and to say I am at my + devotions in the Holy of holies. May the ineffable One protect thy + footsteps!” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Isis, the wife or sister of Osiris, is the phenomena of nature, by + means of which the god is able to reveal himself to human + contemplation.] + + .................................. +</pre> + <p> + While Psamtik was making every preparation for the capture of Phanes, + Croesus, accompanied by his followers, had embarked on board a royal bark, + and was on his way down the Nile to spend the evening with Rhodopis. + </p> + <p> + His son Gyges and the three young Persians remained in Sais, passing the + time in a manner most agreeable to them. + </p> + <p> + Amasis loaded them with civilities, allowed them, according to Egyptian + custom, the society of his queen and of the twin-sisters, as they were + called, taught Gyges the game of draughts, and looking on while the + strong, dexterous, young heroes joined his daughters in the game of + throwing balls and hoops, so popular among Egyptian maidens, enlivened + their amusements with an inexhaustible flow of wit and humor. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Pharaohs themselves, as well as their subjects, were in the + habit of playing at draughts and other similar games. Rosellini + gives its Rameses playing with his daughter; see also two Egyptians + playing together, Wilkinson II. 419. An especially beautiful + draught-board exists in the Egyptian collection at the Louvre + Museum. The Egyptians hoped to be permitted to enjoy these + pleasures even in the other world.] + + [Balls that have been found in the tombs are still to be seen; some, + for instance, in the Museum at Leyden.] +</pre> + <p> + “Really,” said Bartja, as he watched Nitetis catching the slight hoop, + ornamented with gay ribbons, for the hundredth time on her slender ivory + rod, “really we must introduce this game at home. We Persians are so + different from you Egyptians. Everything new has a special charm for us, + while to you it is just as hateful. I shall describe the game to Our + mother Kassandane, and she will be delighted to allow my brother’s wives + this new amusement.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, do, do!” exclaimed the fair Tachot blushing deeply. “Then Nitetis + can play too, and fancy herself back again at home and among those she + loves; and Bartja,” she added in a low voice, “whenever you watch the + hoops flying, you too must remember this hour.” + </p> + <p> + “I shall never forget it,” answered he with a smile, and then, turning to + his future sister-in-law, he called out cheerfully, “Be of good courage, + Nitetis, you will be happier than you fancy with us. We Asiatics know how + to honor beauty; and prove it by taking many wives.” + </p> + <p> + Nitetis sighed, and the queen Ladice exclaimed, “On the contrary, that + very fact proves that you understand but poorly how to appreciate woman’s + nature! You can have no idea, Bartja, what a woman feels on finding that + her husband—the man who to her is more than life itself, and to whom + she would gladly and without reserve give up all that she treasures as + most sacred—looks down on her with the same kind of admiration that + he bestows on a pretty toy, a noble steed, or a well-wrought wine-bowl. + But it is yet a thousand-fold more painful to feel that the love which + every woman has a right to possess for herself alone, must be shared with + a hundred others!” + </p> + <p> + “There speaks the jealous wife!” exclaimed Amasis. “Would you not fancy + that I had often given her occasion to doubt my faithfulness?” + </p> + <p> + “No, no, my husband,” answered Ladice, “in this point the Egyptian men + surpass other nations, that they remain content with that which they have + once loved; indeed I venture to assert that an Egyptian wife is the + happiest of women. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [According to Diodorus (I. 27) the queen of Egypt held a higher + position than the king himself. The monuments and lists of names + certainly prove that women could rule with sovereign power. The + husband of the heiress to the throne became king. They had their + own revenues (Diodorus I. 52) and when a princess, after death, was + admitted among the goddesses, she received her own priestesses. + (Edict of Canopus.) During the reigns of the Ptolemies many coins + were stamped with the queen’s image and cities were named for them. + We notice also that sons, in speaking of their descent, more + frequently reckon it from the mother’s than the father’s side, that + a married woman is constantly alluded to as the “mistress” or “lady” + of the house, that according to many a Greek Papyrus they had entire + disposal of all their property, no matter in what it consisted, in + short that the weaker sex seems to have enjoyed equal influence with + the stronger.] +</pre> + <p> + Even the Greeks, who in so many things may serve as patterns to us, do not + know how to appreciate woman rightly. Most of the young Greek girls pass + their sad childhood in close rooms, kept to the wheel and the loom by + their mothers and those who have charge of them, and when marriageable, + are transferred to the quiet house of a husband they do not know, and + whose work in life and in the state allows him but seldom to visit his + wife’s apartments. Only when the most intimate friends and nearest + relations are with her husband, does she venture to appear in their midst, + and then shyly and timidly, hoping to hear a little of what is going on in + the great world outside. Ah, indeed! we women thirst for knowledge too, + and there are certain branches of learning at least, which it cannot be + right to withhold from those who are to be the mothers and educators of + the next generation. What can an Attic mother, without knowledge, without + experience, give to her daughters? Naught but her own ignorance. And so it + is, that a Hellene, seldom satisfied with the society of his lawful, but, + mentally, inferior wife, turns for satisfaction to those courtesans, who, + from their constant intercourse with men, have acquired knowledge, and + well understand how to adorn it with the flowers of feminine grace, and to + season it with the salt of a woman’s more refined and delicate wit. In + Egypt it is different. A young girl is allowed to associate freely with + the most enlightened men. Youths and maidens meet constantly on festive + occasions, learn to know and love one another. The wife is not the slave, + but the friend of her husband; the one supplies the deficiencies of the + other. In weighty questions the stronger decides, but the lesser cares of + life are left to her who is the greater in small things. The daughters + grow up under careful guidance, for the mother is neither ignorant nor + inexperienced. To be virtuous and diligent in her affairs becomes easy to + a woman, for she sees that it increases his happiness whose dearest + possession she boasts of being, and who belongs to her alone. The women + only do that which pleases us! but the Egyptian men understand the art of + making us pleased with that which is really good, and with that alone. On + the shores of the Nile, Phocylides of Miletus and Hipponax of Ephesus + would never have dared to sing their libels on women, nor could the fable + of Pandora have been possibly invented here!” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Simonides of Amorgos, an Iambic poet, who delighted in writing + satirical verses on women. He divides them into different classes, + which he compares to unclean animals, and considers that the only + woman worthy of a husband and able to make him happy must be like + the bee. The well-known fable of Pandora owes its origin to + Simonides. He lived about 650 B. C. The Egyptians too, speak very + severely of bad women, comparing them quite in the Simonides style + to beasts of prey (hyenas, lions and panthers). We find this + sentence on a vicious woman: She is a collection of every kind of + meanness, and a bag full of wiles. Chabas, Papyr. magrque Harris. + p. 135. Phocylides of Miletus, a rough and sarcastic, but + observant man, imitated Simonides in his style of writing. But the + deformed Hipponax of Ephesus, a poet crushed down by poverty, wrote + far bitterer verses than Phocylides. He lived about 550 B. C. “His + own ugliness (according to Bernhardy) is reflected in every one of + his Choliambics.” ] +</pre> + <p> + “How beautifully you speak!” exclaimed Bartja. “Greek was not easy to + learn, but I am very glad now that I did not give it up in despair, and + really paid attention to Croesus’ lessons.” + </p> + <p> + “Who could those men have been,” asked Darius, “who dared to speak evil of + women?” + </p> + <p> + “A couple of Greek poets,” answered Amasis, “the boldest of men, for I + confess I would rather provoke a lioness than a woman. But these Greeks do + not know what fear is. I will give you a specimen of Hipponax’s Poetry: + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “There are but two days when a wife, + Brings pleasure to her husband’s life, + The wedding-day, when hopes are bright, + And the day he buries her out of his sight.” + </pre> + <p> + “Cease, cease,” cried Ladice stopping her ears, that is too had. Now, + Persians, you can see what manner of man Amasis is. For the sake of a + joke, he will laugh at those who hold precisely the same opinion as + himself. There could not be a better husband. + </p> + <p> + “Nor a worse wife,” laughed Amasis. “Thou wilt make men think that I am a + too obedient husband. But now farewell, my children; our young heroes must + look at this our city of Sais; before parting, however, I will repeat to + them what the malicious Siuionides has sung of a good wife: + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “Dear to her spouse from youth to age she grows; + Fills with fair girls and sturdy boys his house; + Among all women womanliest seems, + And heavenly grace about her mild brow gleams. + A gentle wife, a noble spouse she walks, + Nor ever with the gossip mongers talks. + Such women sometimes Zeus to mortals gives, + The glory and the solace of their lives.” + </pre> + <p> + “Such is my Ladice! now farewell!” + </p> + <p> + “Not yet!” cried Bartja. “Let me first speak in defence of our poor Persia + and instil fresh courage into my future sister-in-law; but no! Darius, + thou must speak, thine eloquence is as great as thy skill in figures and + swordsmanship!” + </p> + <p> + “Thou speakst of me as if I were a gossip or a shopkeeper,”—[This + nickname, which Darius afterwards earned, is more fully spoken of]—answered + the son of Hystaspes. “Be it so; I have been burning all this time to + defend the customs of our country. Know then, Ladice, that if Auramazda + dispose the heart of our king in his own good ways, your daughter will not + be his slave, but his friend. Know also, that in Persia, though certainly + only at high festivals, the king’s wives have their places at the men’s + table, and that we pay the highest reverence to our wives and mothers. A + king of Babylon once took a Persian wife; in the broad plains of the + Euphrates she fell sick of longing for her native mountains; he caused a + gigantic structure to be raised on arches, and the summit thereof to be + covered with a depth of rich earth; caused the choicest trees and flowers + to be planted there, and watered by artificial machinery. This wonder + completed, he led his wife thither; from its top she could look down into + the plains below, as from the heights of Rachined, and with this costly + gift he presented her. Tell me, could even an Egyptian give more?” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This stupendous erection is said to have been constructed by + Nebuchadnezzar for his Persian wife Amytis. Curtius V. 5. + Josephus contra Apion. I. 19. Antiquities X. II. 1. Diod. II. 10. + For further particulars relative to the hanging-gardens, see later + notes.] +</pre> + <p> + “And did she recover?” asked Nitetis, without raising her eyes. + </p> + <p> + “She recovered health and happiness; and you too will soon feel well and + happy in our country.” + </p> + <p> + “And now,” said Ladice with a smile, “what, think you, contributed most to + the young queen’s recovery? the beautiful mountain or the love of the + husband, who erected it for her sake?” + </p> + <p> + “Her husband’s love,” cried the young girls. + </p> + <p> + “But Nitetis would not disdain the mountain either,” maintained Bartja, + “and I shall make it my care that whenever the court is at Babylon, she + has the hanging-gardens for her residence.” + </p> + <p> + “But now come,” exclaimed Amasis, “unless you wish to see the city in + darkness. Two secretaries have been awaiting me yonder for the last two + hours. Ho! Sachons! give orders to the captain of the guard to accompany + our noble guests with a hundred men.” + </p> + <p> + “But why? a single guide, perhaps one of the Greek officers, would be + amply sufficient.” + </p> + <p> + “No, my young friends, it is better so. Foreigners can never be too + prudent in Egypt. Do not forget this, and especially be careful not to + ridicule the sacred animals. And now farewell, my young heroes, till we + meet again this evening over a merry wine-cup.” + </p> + <p> + The Persians then quitted the palace, accompanied by their interpreter, a + Greek, but who had been brought up in Egypt, and spoke both languages with + equal facility. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Psamtik I. is said to have formed a new caste, viz.: the caste of + Interpreters, out of those Greeks who had been born and bred up in + Egypt. Herod. II. 154. Herodotus himself was probably conducted by + such a “Dragoman.”] +</pre> + <p> + Those streets of Sais which lay near the palace wore a pleasant aspect. + The houses, many of which were five stories high, were generally covered + with pictures or hieroglyphics; galleries with balustrades of carved and + gaily-painted wood-work, supported by columns also brightly painted, ran + round the walls surrounding the courts. In many cases the proprietor’s + name and rank was to be read on the door, which was, however, well closed + and locked. Flowers and shrubs ornamented the flat roofs, on which the + Egyptians loved to spend the evening hours, unless indeed, they preferred + ascending the mosquito-tower with which nearly every house was provided. + These troublesome insects, engendered by the Nile, fly low, and these + little watch-towers were built as a protection from them. + </p> + <p> + The young Persians admired the great, almost excessive cleanliness, with + which each house, nay, even the streets themselves, literally shone. The + door-plates and knockers sparkled in the sun; paintings, balconies and + columns all had the appearance of having been only just finished, and even + the street-pavement looked as if it were often scoured. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The streets of Egyptian towns seem to have been paved, judging from + the ruins of Alabastron and Memphis. We know at least with + certainty that this was the case with those leading to the temples.] +</pre> + <p> + But as the Persians left the neighborhood of the Nile and the palace, the + streets became smaller. Sais was built on the slope of a moderately high + hill, and had only been the residence of the Pharaohs for two centuries + and a half, but, during that comparatively short interval, had risen from + an unimportant place into a town of considerable magnitude. + </p> + <p> + On its river-side the houses and streets were brilliant, but on the + hill-slope lay, with but few more respectable exceptions, miserable, + poverty-stricken huts constructed of acacia-boughs and Nile-mud. On the + north-west rose the royal citadel. + </p> + <p> + “Let us turn back here,” exclaimed Gyges to his young companions. During + his father’s absence he was responsible as their guide and protector, and + now perceived that the crowd of curious spectators, which had hitherto + followed them, was increasing at every step. + </p> + <p> + “I obey your orders,” replied the interpreter, “but yonder in the valley, + at the foot of that hill, lies the Saitic city of the dead, and for + foreigners I should think that would be of great interest.” + </p> + <p> + “Go forward!” cried Bartja. “For what did we leave Persia, if not to + behold these remarkable objects?” + </p> + <p> + On arriving at an open kind of square surrounded by workmen’s booths, and + not far from the city of the dead, confused cries rose among the crowd + behind them. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Artisans, as well among the ancient as the modern Egyptians, were + accustomed to work in the open air.] +</pre> + <p> + The children shouted for joy, the women called out, and one voice louder + than the rest was heard exclaiming: “Come hither to the fore-court of the + temple, and see the works of the great magician, who comes from the + western oases of Libya and is endowed with miraculous gifts by Chunsu, the + giver of good counsels, and by the great goddess Hekt.” + </p> + <p> + “Follow me to the small temple yonder,” said the interpreter, “and you + will behold a strange spectacle.” He pushed a way for himself and the + Persians through the crowd, obstructed in his course by many a sallow + woman and naked child; and at length came back with a priest, who + conducted the strangers into the fore-court of the temple. Here, + surrounded by various chests and boxes, stood a man in the dress of a + priest; beside him on the earth knelt two negroes. The Libyan was a man of + gigantic stature, with great suppleness of limb and a pair of piercing + black eyes. In his hand he held a wind-instrument resembling a modern + clarionet, and a number of snakes, known in Egypt to be poisonous, lay + coiling themselves over his breast and arms. + </p> + <p> + On finding himself in the presence of the Persians he bowed low, inviting + them by a solemn gesture to gaze at his performances; he then cast off his + white robe and began all kinds of tricks with the snakes. + </p> + <p> + He allowed them to bite him, till the blood trickled down his cheeks; + compelled them by the notes of his flute to assume an erect position and + perform a kind of dancing evolution; by spitting into their jaws he + transformed them to all appearance into motionless rods; and then, dashing + them all on to the earth, performed a wild dance in their midst, yet + without once touching a single snake. + </p> + <p> + Like one possessed, he contorted his pliant limbs until his eyes seemed + starting from his head and a bloody foam issued from his lips. + </p> + <p> + Suddenly he fell to the ground, apparently lifeless. A slight movement of + the lips and a low hissing whistle were the only signs of life; but, on + hearing the latter, the snakes crept up and twined themselves like living + rings around his neck, legs and body. At last he rose, sang a hymn in + praise of the divine power which had made him a magician, and then laid + the greater number of his snakes in one of the chests, retaining a few, + probably his favorites, to serve as ornaments for his neck and arms. + </p> + <p> + The second part of this performance consisted of clever conjuring-tricks, + in which he swallowed burning flax, balanced swords while dancing, their + points standing in the hollow of his eye; drew long strings and ribbons + out of the noses of the Egyptian children, exhibited the well-known + cup-and-ball trick, and, at length, raised the admiration of the + spectators to its highest pitch, by producing five living rabbits from as + many ostrich-eggs. + </p> + <p> + The Persians formed no unthankful portion of the assembled crowd; on the + contrary, this scene, so totally new, impressed them deeply. + </p> + <p> + They felt as if in the realm of miracles, and fancied they had now seen + the rarest of all Egyptian rarities. In silence they took their way back + to the handsomer streets of Sais, without noticing how many mutilated + Egyptians crossed their path. These poor disfigured creatures were indeed + no unusual sight for Asiatics, who punished many crimes by the amputation + of a limb. Had they enquired however, they would have heard that, in + Egypt, the man deprived of his hand was a convicted forger, the woman of + her nose, an adulteress; that the man without a tongue had been found + guilty of high treason or false witness; that the loss of the ears denoted + a spy, and that the pale, idiotic-looking woman yonder had been guilty of + infanticide, and had been condemned to hold the little corpse three days + and three nights in her arms. What woman could retain her senses after + these hours of torture?—[Diodorus I. 77.] + </p> + <p> + The greater number of the Egyptian penal laws not only secured the + punishment of the criminal, but rendered a repetition of the offence + impossible. + </p> + <p> + The Persian party now met with a hindrance, a large crowd having assembled + before one of the handsomest houses in the street leading to the temple of + Neith. The few windows of this house that could be seen (the greater + number opening on the garden and court) were closed with shutters, and at + the door stood an old man, dressed in the plain white robe of a priest’s + servant. He was endeavoring, with loud cries, to prevent a number of men + of his own class from carrying a large chest out of the house. + </p> + <p> + “What right have you to rob my master?” he shrieked indignantly. “I am the + guardian of this house, and when my master left for Persia (may the gods + destroy that land!) he bade me take especial care of this chest in which + his manuscripts lay.” + </p> + <p> + “Compose yourself, old Hib!” shouted one of these inferior priests, the + same whose acquaintance we made on the arrival of the Asiatic Embassy. “We + are here in the name of the high-priest of the great Neith, your master’s + master. There must be queer papers in this box, or Neithotep would not + have honored us with his commands to fetch them.” + </p> + <p> + “But I will not allow my master’s papers to be stolen,” shrieked the old + man. “My master is the great physician Nebenchari, and I will secure his + rights, even if I must appeal to the king himself.” + </p> + <p> + “There,” cried the other, “that will do; out with the chest, you fellows. + Carry it at once to the high-priest; and you, old man, would do more + wisely to hold your tongue and remember that the high-priest is your + master as well as mine. Get into the house as quick as you can, or + to-morrow we shall have to drag you off as we did the chest to-day!” So + saying, he slammed the heavy door, the old man was flung backward into the + house and the crowd saw him no more. + </p> + <p> + The Persians had watched this scene and obtained an explanation of its + meaning from their interpreter. Zopyrus laughed on hearing that the + possessor of the stolen chest was the oculist Nebenchari, the same who had + been sent to Persia to restore the sight of the king’s mother, and whose + grave, even morose temper had procured him but little love at the court of + Cambyses. + </p> + <p> + Bartja wished to ask Amasis the meaning of this strange robbery, but Gyges + begged him not to interfere in matters with which he had no concern. Just + as they reached the palace, and darkness, which in Egypt so quickly + succeeds the daylight, was already stealing over the city, Gyges felt + himself hindered from proceeding further by a firm hand on his robe, and + perceived a stranger holding his finger on his lips in token of silence. + </p> + <p> + “When can I speak with you alone and unobserved?” he whispered. + </p> + <p> + “What do you wish from me?” + </p> + <p> + “Ask no questions, but answer me quickly. By Mithras, I have weighty + matters to disclose.” + </p> + <p> + “You speak Persian, but your garments would proclaim you an Egyptian.” + </p> + <p> + “I am a Persian, but answer me quickly or we shall be noticed. When can I + speak to you alone?” + </p> + <p> + “To-morrow morning.” + </p> + <p> + “That is too late.” + </p> + <p> + “Well then, in a quarter of an hour, when it is quite dark, at this gate + of the palace.” + </p> + <p> + “I shall expect you.” + </p> + <p> + So saying the man vanished. Once within the palace, Gyges left Bartja and + Zopyrus, fastened his sword into his girdle, begged Darius to do the same + and to follow him, and was soon standing again under the great portico + with the stranger, but this time in total darkness. + </p> + <p> + “Auramazda be praised that you are there!” cried the latter in Persian to + the young Lydian; “but who is that with you?” + </p> + <p> + “Darius, the son of Hystaspes, one of the Achaemenidae; and my friend.” + </p> + <p> + The stranger bowed low and answered, “It is well, I feared an Egyptian had + accompanied you.” + </p> + <p> + “No, we are alone and willing to hear you; but be brief. Who are you and + what do you want?” + </p> + <p> + “My name is Bubares. I served as a poor captain under the great Cyrus. At + the taking of your father’s city, Sardis, the soldiers were at first + allowed to plunder freely; but on your wise father’s representing to Cyrus + that to plunder a city already taken was an injury to the present, and not + to the former, possessor, they were commanded on pain of death to deliver + up their booty to their captains, and the latter to cause everything of + worth, when brought to them, to be collected in the market-place. Gold and + silver trappings lay there in abundance, costly articles of attire studded + with precious stones...” + </p> + <p> + “Quick, quick, our time is short,” interrupted Gyges. + </p> + <p> + “You are right. I must be more brief. By keeping for myself an + ointment-box sparkling with jewels, taken from your father’s palace, I + forfeited my life. Croesus, however, pleaded for me with his conqueror + Cyrus; my life and liberty were granted me, but I was declared a + dishonored man. Life in Persia became impossible with disgrace lying + heavily on my soul; I took ship from Smyrna to Cyprus, entered the army + there, fought against Amasis, and was brought hither by Phanes as a + prisoner-of-war. Having always served as a horse-soldier, I was placed + among those slaves who had charge of the king’s horses, and in six years + became an overseer. Never have I forgotten the debt of gratitude I owe to + your father; and now my turn has come to render him a service.” + </p> + <p> + “The matter concerns my father? then speak—tell me, I beseech you!” + </p> + <p> + “Immediately. Has Croesus offended the crown prince?” + </p> + <p> + “Not that I am aware of.” + </p> + <p> + “Your father is on a visit to Rhodopis this evening, at Naukratis?” + </p> + <p> + “How did you hear this?” + </p> + <p> + “From himself. I followed him to the boat this morning and sought to cast + myself at his feet.” + </p> + <p> + “And did you succeed?” + </p> + <p> + “Certainly. He spoke a few gracious words with me, but could not wait to + hear what I would say, as his companions were already on board when he + arrived. His slave Sandon, whom I know, told me that they were going to + Naukratis, and would visit the Greek woman whom they call Rhodopis.” + </p> + <p> + “He spoke truly.” + </p> + <p> + “Then you must speed to the rescue. At the time that the market-place was + full.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The forenoon among the Greeks was regulated by the business of the + market. “When the market-place begins to fill, when it is full, + when it becomes empty.” It would be impossible to define this + division of time exactly according to our modern methods of + computation, but it seems certain that the market was over by the + afternoon. The busiest hours were probably from 10 till 1. At the + present day the streets of Athens are crowded during those hours; + but in Summer from two to four o’clock are utterly deserted.] +</pre> + <p> + “Ten carriages and two boats, full of Ethiopian soldiers under the command + of an Egyptian captain, were sent off to Naukratis to surround the house + of Rhodopis and make captives of her guests.” + </p> + <p> + “Ha, treachery!” exclaimed Gyges. + </p> + <p> + “But how can they wish to injure your father?” said Darius. “They know + that the vengeance of Cambyses—” + </p> + <p> + “I only know,” repeated Bubares, “that this night the house of Rhodopis, + in which your father is, will be surrounded by Ethiopian soldiers. I + myself saw to the horses which transport them thither and heard Pentaur, + one of the crown-prince’s fan-bearers, call to them, ‘Keep eyes and ears + open, and let the house of Rhodopis be surrounded, lest he should escape + by the back door. If possible spare his life, and kill him only if he + resist. Bring him alive to Sais, and you shall receive twenty rings of + gold.’” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [It is no longer a matter of question, that before the time of the + Persians, and therefore at this point of our history, no money had + been coined in Egypt. The precious metals were weighed out and used + as money in the shape of rings, animals, etc. On many of the + monuments we see people purchasing goods and weighing out the gold + in payment; while others are paying their tribute in gold rings. + These rings were in use as a medium of payment up to the time of the + Ptolemies. Pliny XXXIII. I. Balances with weights in the form of + animals may be seen in Wilkinson. During the reigns of the + Ptolemies many coins were struck.] +</pre> + <p> + “But could that allude to my father?” + </p> + <p> + “Certainly not,” cried Darius. + </p> + <p> + “It is impossible to say,” murmured Bubares. “In this country one can + never know what may happen.” + </p> + <p> + “How long does it take for a good horse to reach Naukratis?” + </p> + <p> + “Three hours, if he can go so long, and the Nile has not overflowed the + road too much.” + </p> + <p> + “I will be there in two.” + </p> + <p> + “I shall ride with you,” said Darius. + </p> + <p> + “No, you must remain here with Zopyrus for Bartja’s protection. Tell the + servants to get ready.” + </p> + <p> + “But Gyges—” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, you will stay here and excuse me to Amasis. Say I could not come to + the evening revel on account of headache, toothache, sickness, anything + you like.” + </p> + <p> + “I shall ride Bartja’s Nicaean horse; and you, Bubares, will follow me on + Darius’s. You will lend him, my brother?” + </p> + <p> + “If I had ten thousand, you should have them all.” + </p> + <p> + “Do you know the way to Naukratis, Bubares?” + </p> + <p> + “Blindfold.” + </p> + <p> + “Then go, Darius, and tell them to get your horse and Bartja’s ready! To + linger would be sin. Farewell Darius, perhaps forever! Protect Bartja! + Once more, farewell!” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0008" id="link2HCH0008"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER VIII. + </h2> + <p> + It wanted two hours of midnight. Bright light was streaming through the + open windows of Rhodopis’ house, and sounds of mirth and gaiety fell on + the ear. Her table had been adorned with special care in Croesus’ honor. + </p> + <p> + On the cushions around it lay the guests with whom we are already + acquainted: Theodorus, Ibykus, Phanes, Aristomachus, the merchant + Theopompus of Miletus, Croesus and others, crowned with chaplets of poplar + and roses. + </p> + <p> + Theodorus the sculptor was speaking: “Egypt seems to me,” he said, “like a + girl who persists in wearing a tight and painful shoe only because it is + of gold, while within her reach he beautiful and well-fitting slippers in + which she could move at ease, if she only would.” + </p> + <p> + “You refer to the Egyptians’ pertinacity in retaining traditional forms + and customs?” asked Croesus. + </p> + <p> + “Certainly I do,” answered the sculptor. “Two centuries ago Egypt was + unquestionably the first of the nations. In Art and Science she far + excelled us; but we learnt their methods of working, improved on them, + held firm to no prescribed proportions, but to the natural types alone, + gave freedom and beauty to their unbending outlines, and now have left our + masters far behind us. But how was this possible? simply because the + Egyptians, bound by unalterable laws, could make no progress; we, on the + contrary, were free to pursue our course in the wide arena of art as far + as will and power would allow.” + </p> + <p> + “But how can an artist be compelled to fashion statues alike, which are + meant to differ from each other in what they represent?” + </p> + <p> + “In this case that can be easily explained. The entire human body is + divided by the Egyptians into 21 1/4 parts, in accordance with which + division the proportion of each separate limb is regulated. I, myself, + have laid a wager with Amasis, in presence of the first Egyptian sculptor, + (a priest of Thebes), that, if I send my brother Telekles, in Ephesus, + dimensions, proportion and attitude, according to the Egyptian method, he + and I together can produce a statue which shall look as if sculptured from + one block and by one hand, though Telekles is to carve the lower half at + Ephesus, and I the upper here in Sais, and under the eye of Amasis.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [These numbers, and the story which immediately follows, are taken + from Diodorus I. 98. Plato tells us that, in his time, a law + existed binding the Egyptian artists to execute their works with + exactly the same amount of beauty or its reverse, as those which had + been made more than a thousand years before. This statement is + confirmed by the monuments; but any one well acquainted with + Egyptian art can discern a marked difference in the style of each + epoch. At the time of the ancient kingdom the forms were compressed + and stunted; under Seti I. beauty of proportion reached its highest + point. During and after the 20th dynasty the style declined in + beauty; in the 26th, under the descendants of Psammetichus, we meet + with a last revival of art, but the ancient purity of form was never + again attained.] +</pre> + <p> + “And shall you win your wager?” + </p> + <p> + “Undoubtedly. I am just going to begin this trick of art; it will as + little deserve the name of a work of art, as any Egyptian statue.” + </p> + <p> + “And yet there are single sculptures here which are of exquisite + workmanship; such, for instance, as the one Amasis sent to Samos as a + present to Polykrates. In Memphis I saw a statue said to be about three + thousand years old, and to represent a king who built the great Pyramid, + which excited my admiration in every respect. With what certainty and + precision that unusually hard stone has been wrought! the muscles, how + carefully carved! especially in the breast, legs and feet; the harmony of + the features too, and, above all, the polish of the whole, leave nothing + to be desired.” + </p> + <p> + “Unquestionably. In all the mechanism of art, such as precision and + certainty in working even the hardest materials, the Egyptians, though + they have so long stood still in other points, are still far before us; + but to model form with freedom, to breathe, like Prometheus, a soul into + the stone, they will never learn until their old notions on this subject + have been entirely abandoned. Even the pleasing varieties of corporeal + life cannot be represented by a system of mere proportions, much less + those which are inner and spiritual. Look at the countless statues which + have been erected during the last three thousand years, in all the temples + and palaces from Naukratis up to the Cataracts. They are all of one type, + and represent men of middle age, with grave but benevolent countenances. + Yet they are intended, some as statues of aged monarchs, others to + perpetuate the memory of young princes. The warrior and the lawgiver, the + blood-thirsty tyrant and the philanthropist are only distinguished from + each other by a difference in size, by which the Egyptian sculptor + expresses the idea of power and strength. Amasis orders a statue just as I + should a sword. Breadth and length being specified, we both of us know + quite well, before the master has begun his work, what we shall receive + when it is finished. How could I possibly fashion an infirm old man like + an eager youth? a pugilist like a runner in the foot-race? a poet like a + warrior? Put Ibykus and our Spartan friend side by side, and tell me what + you would say, were I to give to the stern warrior the gentle features and + gestures of our heart-ensnaring poet.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, and how does Amasis answer your remarks on this stagnation in art?” + </p> + <p> + “He deplores it; but does not feel himself strong enough to abolish the + restrictive laws of the priests.” + </p> + <p> + “And yet,” said the Delphian, “he has given a large sum towards the + embellishment of our new temple, expressly, (I use his own words) for the + promotion of Hellenic art!” + </p> + <p> + “That is admirable in him,” exclaimed Croesus. “Will the Alkmaeonidae soon + have collected the three hundred talents necessary for the completion of + the temple? Were I as rich as formerly I would gladly undertake the entire + cost; notwithstanding that your malicious god so cruelly deceived me, + after all my offerings at his shrine. For when I sent to ask whether I + should begin the war with Cyrus, he returned this answer: I should destroy + a mighty kingdom by crossing the river Halys. I trusted the god, secured + the friendship of Sparta according to his commands, crossed the boundary + stream, and, in so doing, did indeed destroy a mighty kingdom; not however + that of the Medes and Persians, but my own poor Lydia, which, as a satrapy + of Cambyses, finds its loss of independence a hard and uncongenial yoke.” + </p> + <p> + “You blame the god unjustly,” answered Phryxus. “It cannot be his fault + that you, in your human conceit, should have misinterpreted his oracle. + The answer did not say ‘the kingdom of Persia,’ but ‘a kingdom’ should be + destroyed through your desire for war. Why did you not enquire what + kingdom was meant? Was not your son’s fate truly prophesied by the oracle? + and also that on the day of misfortune he would regain his speech? And + when, after the fall of Sardis, Cyrus granted your wish to enquire at + Delphi whether the Greek gods made a rule of requiting their benefactors + by ingratitude, Loxias answered that he had willed the best for you, but + was controlled by a mightier power than himself, by that inexorable fate + which had foretold to thy great ancestor, that his fifth successor was + doomed to destruction.” + </p> + <p> + “In the first days of my adversity I needed those words far more than + now,” interrupted Croesus. “There was a time when I cursed your god and + his oracles; but later, when with my riches my flatterers had left me, and + I became accustomed to pronounce judgment on my own actions, I saw clearly + that not Apollo, but my own vanity had been the cause of my ruin. How + could ‘the kingdom to be destroyed’ possibly mean mine, the mighty realm + of the powerful Croesus, the friend of the gods, the hitherto unconquered + leader? Had a friend hinted at this interpretation of the ambiguous + oracle, I should have derided, nay, probably caused him to be punished. + For a despotic ruler is like a fiery steed; the latter endeavors to kick + him who touches his wounds with intent to heal; the former punishes him + who lays a hand on the weak or failing points of his diseased mind. Thus I + missed what, if my eyes had not been dazzled, I might easily have seen; + and now that my vision is clearer, though I have nothing to lose, I am far + more often anxious than in the days when none could possibly lose more + than I. In comparison with those days, Phryxus, I may be called a poor man + now, but Cambyses does not leave me to famish, and I can still raise a + talent for your temple.” + </p> + <p> + Phryxus expressed his thanks, and Phanes remarked “The Alkmaeonida; will + be sure to erect a beautiful edifice, for they are rich and ambitious, and + desirous of gaining favor with the Amphiktyons, in order, by their aid, to + overthrow the tyrants, secure to themselves a higher position than that of + the family to which I belong, and with this, the guidance of + state-affairs.” + </p> + <p> + “Is it true, as people say,” asked Ibykus, “that next to Agarista with + whom Megakles received so rich a dowry, you, Croesus, have been the + largest contributor to the wealth of the Alkmaeonidae?” + </p> + <p> + “True enough,” answered Croesus laughing. + </p> + <p> + “Tell us the story, I beg,” said Rhodopis. + </p> + <p> + “Well,” answered Croesus, “Alkmaeon of Athens once appeared at my court; + his cheerfulness and cultivation pleased me well, and I retained him near + me for some time. One day I showed him my treasure-chambers, at the sight + of which he fell into despair, called himself a common beggar and declared + that one good handful of these precious things would make him a happy man. + I at once allowed him to take as much gold away as he could carry. What + think you did Alkaemmon on this? sent for high Lydian riding-boots, an + apron and a basket, had the one secured behind him, put the others on, and + filled them all with gold, till they could hold no more. Not content with + this, he strewed gold-dust in his hair and beard and filled his mouth to + that extent that he appeared in the act of choking. In each hand he + grasped a golden dish, and thus laden dragged himself out of the + treasure-house, falling exhausted as he crossed the threshold. Never have + I laughed so heartily as at this sight.” + </p> + <p> + “But did you grant him all these treasures?” said Rhodopis. + </p> + <p> + “Yes, yes, my friend; and did not think even then, that I had paid too + dearly for the experience that gold can make fools even of clever men.” + </p> + <p> + “You were the most generous of monarchs,” cried Phanes. + </p> + <p> + “And make a tolerably contented beggar,” answered Croesus. “But tell me, + Phryxus, how much has Amasis contributed to your collection?” + </p> + <p> + “He gave fifty tons of alum.” + </p> + <p> + “A royal gift!” + </p> + <p> + “And the prince Psamtik?” + </p> + <p> + “On my appealing to him by his father’s munificence, he turned his back on + me, and answered with a bitter laugh: ‘Collect money for the destruction + of your temple, and I am ready to double my father’s donation!’” + </p> + <p> + “The wretch!” + </p> + <p> + “Say rather: the true Egyptian! to Psamtik everything foreign is an + abomination.” + </p> + <p> + “How much have the Greeks in Naukratis contributed?” + </p> + <p> + “Beside munificent private donations, each community has given twenty + minae.” + </p> + <p> + “That is much.” + </p> + <p> + “Philoinus, the Sybarite, alone sent me a thousand drachmm, and + accompanied his gift with a most singular epistle. May I read it aloud, + Rhodopis?” + </p> + <p> + “Certainly,” answered she, “it will show you that the drunkard has + repented of his late behaviour.” + </p> + <p> + The Delphian began: “Philoinus to Phryxus: It grieves me that at Rhodopis’ + house the other night I did not drink more; for had I done so I should + have lost consciousness entirely, and so have been unable to offend even + the smallest insect. My confounded abstemiousness is therefore to blame, + that I can no longer enjoy a place at the best table in all Egypt. I am + thankful, however, to Rhodopis for past enjoyment, and in memory of her + glorious roast-beef (which has bred in me the wish to buy her cook at any + price) I send twelve large spits for roasting oxen,—[Rhodopis is + said to have sent such a gift to Delphi. Herod.]—and beg they may be + placed in some treasure-house at Delphi as an offering from Rhodopis. As + for myself, being a rich man, I sign my name for a thousand drachmae, and + beg that my gift may be publicly announced at the next Pythian games. To + that rude fellow, Aristomachus of Sparta, express my thanks for the + effectual manner in which he fulfilled my intention in coming to Egypt. I + came hither for the purpose of having a tooth extracted by an Egyptian + dentist said to take out teeth without causing much pain. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Egyptian dentists must have been very skilful. Artificial + teeth have been discovered in the jaws of mummies. See Blumenbach + on the teeth of the ancient Egyptians, and on mummies.] +</pre> + <p> + Aristomachus, however, knocked out the defective tooth and so saved me + from an operation, the thought of which had often made me tremble. On + recovering consciousness, I found that three teeth had been knocked into + my mouth, the diseased one and two others, which though healthy, would + probably at some future time have caused me pain. Salute Rhodopis and the + handsome Phanes from me. You I invite to an entertainment at my house in + Sybaris, this day year. We are accustomed to issue invitations somewhat + early, on account of my necessary preparations. I have caused this epistle + to be written by my slave Sophotatus in an adjoining chamber, as merely to + behold the labor of writing causes cramp in my fingers.” + </p> + <p> + A burst of laughter arose at these words, but Rhodopis said: “This letter + gives me pleasure; it proves that Philoinus is not bad at heart. Brought + up a Sybarite.”... She was suddenly interrupted by the voice of a + stranger, who had entered unperceived, and, after apologizing to the + venerable hostess and her guests for appearing without invitation among + them, continued thus: “I am Gyges the son of Croesus; and it has not been + merely for pastime, that I have ridden over from Sais in two hours lest I + should arrive too late!” + </p> + <p> + “Menon, a cushion for our guest!” cried Rhodopis. “Be welcome to my house + and take some repose after your wild, thoroughly Lydian, ride.” + </p> + <p> + “By the dog, Gyges!” exclaimed Croesus. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [An oath of Rhadamanthus used in order to avoid mentioning the names + of the gods. Schol. Aristoph. Aves. 520.] +</pre> + <p> + “What brings thee here at this hour? I begged thee not to quit Bartja’s + side.... But how thou look’st! what is the matter? has aught happened? + speak, speak!” + </p> + <p> + In the first moment Gyges could not answer a word. To see his beloved + father, for whose very life he had been in such anxiety, a safe and happy + guest at this rich banquet, seemed to rob him of his speech a second time. + At last, however, he was able to say: “The gods be praised, my father, + that I see thee safe once more! Think not I forsook my post thoughtlessly. + Alas! I am forced to appear as a bird of evil omen in this cheerful + assembly. Know at once, ye guests, for I dare not lose time in preparing + my words, that a treacherous assault awaits ye!” + </p> + <p> + They all sprang up as if struck by lightning. Aristomachus silently + loosened his sword in its scabbard; Phanes extended his arms as if to + discern whether the old athletic elasticity still dwelt there. + </p> + <p> + “What can it be?—what is their design?” echoed from all sides. + </p> + <p> + “This house is surrounded by Ethiopian soldiers!” answered Gyges. “A + faithful fellow confided to me that the crown-prince had designs on one of + your number; he was to be taken alive if possible, but killed if he + resisted. Dreading lest thou shouldst be this victim, my father, I sped + hither. The fellow had not lied. This house is surrounded. My horse shied + on reaching your garden-gate, Rhodopis, jaded as he was. I dismounted, and + could discern behind every bush the glitter of weapons and the eager eyes + of men lying in ambush. They allowed us, however, to enter unmolested.” + </p> + <p> + At this moment Knakias rushed in crying, “Important news! On my way to the + Nile to fetch water with which to prepare the wine-cup, I have just met a + man who, in his haste, nearly ran over me. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The water of the Nile has a very agreeable flavor. It is called by + one traveller the champagne among the waters. The ladies of the + Sultan’s harem send for this water even from Constantinople, and the + Arabs say, that if Mahomet had drunk thereof he would have desired + to live for ever.] +</pre> + <p> + It was an Ethiop, one of Phanes’ boatmen, and he tells that just as he + sprang out of the boat to bathe, a royal bark came alongside and a soldier + asked the rest of the crew in whose service they were. On the helmsman + answering, ‘in Phanes’ service,’ the royal boat passed on slowly. He, + however, (the rower who was bathing), seated himself in fun on the rudder + of the royal boat, and heard one Ethiopian soldier on board say to + another, ‘Keep that craft well in sight; now we know where the bird sits, + and it will be easy to catch him. Remember, Psamtik has promised us fifty + gold rings if we bring the Athenian to Sais dead or alive.’ This is the + report of Sebek, who has been in your service seven years, O Phanes.” + </p> + <p> + To both these accounts Phanes listened calmly. Rhodopis trembled. + Aristomachus exclaimed, “Not a hair of your head shall be touched, if + Egypt perish for it!” Croesus advised prudence. A tremendous excitement + had mastered the whole party. + </p> + <p> + At last Phanes broke silence, saying: “Reflection is never more necessary + than in a time of danger. I have thought the matter over, and see clearly + that escape will be difficult. The Egyptians will try to get rid of me + quietly. They know that I intend going on board a Phoecean trireme, which + sets sail for Sigeum at a very early hour to-morrow morning, and have + therefore no time to lose, if they will seize me. Your garden, Rhodopis, + is entirely surrounded, and were I to remain here, your house would no + longer be respected as a sanctuary; it would be searched and I taken in + it. There can be no doubt that a watch has been set over the Phoecean ship + also. Blood shall not be shed in vain on my account.” + </p> + <p> + “But you dare not surrender!” cried Aristomachus. + </p> + <p> + “No, no, I have a plan,” shouted Theopompus the Milesian merchant. “At + sunrise to-morrow a ship sails for Miletus laden with Egyptian corn, but + not from Naukratis, from Canopus. Take the noble Persian’s horse and ride + thither. We will cut a way for you through the garden.” + </p> + <p> + “But,” said Gyges, “our little band is not strong enough to carry out such + an attempt. We number in all ten men, and of these only three have swords; + our enemies, on the other hand, number at least a hundred, and are armed + to the teeth.” + </p> + <p> + “Lydian!” cried Aristomachus, “wert thou ten times more fainthearted than + thou art, and were our enemies double their number, I at least, will fight + them!” + </p> + <p> + Phanes grasped his friend’s hand. Gyges turned pale. This brave warrior + had called him fainthearted; and again he could find no words to answer; + for at every stirring emotion his tongue failed him. Suddenly the blood + mounted to his face; his words came quickly and with decision: “Athenian, + follow me! and thou, Spartan, who art not wont to use words heedlessly, + call no man fainthearted again before thou knowest him. Friends, Phanes is + safe, Farewell, father!” + </p> + <p> + The remaining guests surveyed these two departing men in silent wonder. As + they stood there, silently listening, the sound of two horses galloping + swiftly away fell on their ear, and after a longer interval a prolonged + whistle from the Nile and a cry of distress. + </p> + <p> + “Where is Knakias?” said Rhodopis to one of her slaves. + </p> + <p> + “He went into the garden with Phanes and the Persian,” was the answer, and + as it was being spoken, the old slave re-entered, pale and trembling. + </p> + <p> + “Have you seen my son?” cried Croesus. “Where is Phanes?” + </p> + <p> + “I was to bid you farewell from them both.” + </p> + <p> + “Then they are gone.—Whither? How was it possible?”... + </p> + <p> + “The Athenian and the Persian,” began the slave, “had a slight dispute in + the anteroom. This over, I was told to divest both of their robes. Phanes + then put on the stranger’s trousers, coat and girdle; on his own curls he + placed the pointed Persian cap. The stranger wrapped himself in the + Athenian’s chiton and mantle, placed the golden circlet above his brow, + caused the hair to be shaved from his upper lip, and ordered me to follow + him into the garden. Phanes, whom in his present dress, none could imagine + to be other than a Persian, mounted one of the horses still waiting before + the gate; the stranger called after him, ‘Farewell Gyges, farewell beloved + Persian, a pleasant journey to thee, Gyges!’ The servant, who had been + waiting, followed on the other horse. I could hear the clatter of arms + among the bushes, but the Athenian was allowed to depart unmolested, the + soldiers, without doubt, believing him to be a Persian. + </p> + <p> + “On returning to the house the stranger’s orders were: ‘Accompany me to + Phanes’ bark, and cease not to call me by the Athenian’s name.’ ‘But the + boatmen will betray you,’ I said. ‘Then go alone to them,’ he answered, + ‘and command them to receive me as their master, Phanes.’ Then I prayed + him to allow me to take the dress of the fugitive and become a prey to the + pursuers; but he would by no means allow this, and said my gait and + carriage would betray me. There alas! he spoke truly, for only the free + man can walk erect; the neck of the slave is bent; the schools in which + the noble and the freeborn learn grace and beauty of movement are not for + him. And so it must remain, the children must be even as the fathers; can + the unclean onion-root produce a rose, or the unsightly radish a hyacinth? + Constant bondage bows the neck of the slave, but the consciousness of + freedom gives dignity to the stature.” + </p> + <p> + “But what has become of my son?” interrupted Croesus. + </p> + <p> + “He would not accept my poor offer, and took his seat in the bark, sending + a thousand greetings unto thee, O king! I cried after him, ‘Farewell + Phanes! I wish thee a prosperous journey, Phanes!’ At that moment a cloud + crossed the moon; and from out the thick darkness I heard screams, and + cries for help; they did not, however, last long, a shrill whistle + followed, then all was silent; and the measured strokes of oars were the + only sounds that fell on my ear. I was on the point of returning to relate + what I had seen, when the boatman Sebek swam up once more and told as + follows: The Egyptians had caused a leak to be made in Phanes’ boat, and + at a short distance from land it had filled and began to sink. On the + boatmen crying for help, the royal bark, which was following, had come up + and taken the supposed Phanes on board, but had prevented the rowers from + leaving their benches. They all went down with the leaking boat, the + daring Sebek alone excepted. Gyges is on board the royal boat; Phanes has + escaped, for that whistle must have been intended for the soldiers in + ambush at the garden-gate. I searched the bushes, the soldiers were gone, + and I could hear the sound of their voices and weapons on their way back + to Sais.” + </p> + <p> + The guests listened with eager attention to this tale. At its close a + mingled feeling of relief and anxiety was felt by all; relief that their + favorite companion had escaped so fearful a danger, anxiety for the brave + young Lydian who had risked his life to save him. They praised his + generosity, congratulated Croesus on possessing such a son, and finally + agreed in the conclusion, that, when the crown-prince discovered the error + into which his emissaries had fallen, he must certainly release Gyges, and + even make him compensation for what he had suffered at their hands. + </p> + <p> + The friendship already shown by Amasis, and the fear in which he evidently + stood of the Persian power, were the thoughts which had power to calm + Croesus, who soon left, in order to pass the night at the house of + Theopompus, the Milesian merchant. At parting, Aristomachus said: “Salute + Gyges in my name; tell him I ask his forgiveness, and hope one day either + to enjoy his friendship, or, if that cannot be, to meet him as a fair foe + on the field of battle.” + </p> + <p> + “Who knows what the future may bring?” answered Croesus giving his hand to + the Spartan. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0009" id="link2HCH0009"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER IX. + </h2> + <p> + The sun of a new day had risen over Egypt, but was still low in the east; + the copious dew, which, on the Nile, supplies the place of rain, lay + sparkling like jewels on the leaves and blossoms, and the morning air, + freshened by a north-west wind, invited those to enjoy it who could not + bear the heat of mid-day. + </p> + <p> + Through the door of the country-house, now so well known to us, two female + figures have just passed; Melitta, the old slave, and Sappho, the + grandchild of Rhodopis. + </p> + <p> + The latter is not less lovely now, than when we saw her last, asleep. She + moves through the garden with a light quick step, her white morning robe + with its wide sleeves falling in graceful drapery over her lithe limbs, + the thick brown hair straying from beneath the purple kerchief over her + head, and a merry, roguish smile lurking round her rosy mouth and in the + dimples of her cheeks and chin. + </p> + <p> + She stooped to pick a rose, dashed the dew from it into the face of her + old nurse, laughing at her naughty trick till the clear bell-like tones + rang through the garden; fixed the flower in her dress and began to sing + in a wonderfully rich and sweet voice— + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + Cupid once upon a bed + Of roses laid his weary head; + Luckless urchin! not to see + Within the leaves a slumbering bee. + The bee awak’d—with anger wild + The bee awak’d, and stung the child. + Loud and piteous are his cries; + To Venus quick he runs, he flies; + “Oh mother! I am wounded through— + “I die with pain—in sooth I do! + “Stung by some little angry thing. + “Some serpent on a tiny wing, + “A bee it was—for once, I know, + “I heard a rustic call it so.” + </pre> + <p> + “Isn’t that a very pretty song?” asked the laughing girl. “How stupid of + little Eros to mistake a bee for a winged snake! Grandmother says that the + great poet Anacreon wrote another verse to this song, but she will not + teach it me. Tell me, Melitta, what can there be in that verse? There, you + are smiling; dear, darling Melitta, do sing me that one verse. Perhaps + though, you don’t know it yourself? No? then certainly you can’t teach it + me.” + </p> + <p> + “That is a new song,” answered the old woman, evading her darling’s + question, “I only know the songs of the good old times. But hark! did not + you hear a knock at the gate?” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The last lines which contain the point of this song are: + + Thus he spoke, and she, the while, + Heard him with a soothing smile; + Then said, “My infant, if so much + “Thou feel the little wild bee’s touch, + “How must the heart, ah! Cupid be, + “The hapless heart that’s stung by thee?” + + —Translation from one of Anacreon’s songs] +</pre> + <p> + “Yes, of course I did, and I think the sound of horses’ hoofs too. Go and + see who seeks admission so early. Perhaps, after all, our kind Phanes did + not go away yesterday, and has come to bid us farewell once more.” + </p> + <p> + “Phanes is gone,” said Melitta, becoming serious, “and Rhodopis has + ordered me to send you in when visitors arrive. Go child, that I may open + the gate. There, they have knocked again.” + </p> + <p> + Sappho pretended to run in, but instead of obeying her nurse’s orders, + stopped and hid herself behind a rose-bush, hoping to catch sight of these + early guests. In the fear of needlessly distressing her, she had not been + told of the events of the previous evening, and at this early hour could + only expect to see some very intimate friend of her grandmother’s. + </p> + <p> + Melitta opened the gate and admitted a youth splendidly apparelled, and + with fair curling hair. + </p> + <p> + It was Bartja, and Sappho was so lost in wonder at his beauty, and the + Persian dress, to her so strange, that she remained motionless in her + hiding-place, her eyes fixed on his face. Just so she had pictured to + herself Apollo with the beautiful locks, guiding the sun-chariot. + </p> + <p> + As Melitta and the stranger came nearer she thrust her little head through + the roses to hear what the handsome youth was saying so kindly in his + broken Greek. + </p> + <p> + She heard him ask hurriedly after Croesus and his son; and then, from + Melitta’s answer, she gathered all that had passed the evening before, + trembled for Phanes, felt so thankful to the generous Gyges, and again + wondered who this youth in royal apparel could possibly be. Rhodopis had + told her about Cyrus’s heroic deeds, the fall of Croesus and the power and + wealth of the Persians, but still she had always fancied them a wild, + uncultivated people. Now, however, her interest in Persia increased with + every look at the handsome Bartja. At last Melitta went in to wake her + grandmother and announce the guest, and Sappho tried to follow her, but + Eros, the foolish boy whose ignorance she had been mocking a moment + before, had other intentions. Her dress caught in the thorns, and before + she could disengage it, the beautiful Bartja was standing before her, + helping her to get free from the treacherous bush. + </p> + <p> + Sappho could not speak a word even of thanks; she blushed deeply, and + stood smiling and ashamed, with downcast eyes. + </p> + <p> + Bartja, too, generally so full of fun and spirit, looked down at her + without speaking, the color mounting to his cheeks. + </p> + <p> + The silence, however, did not last long, for Sappho, recovering from her + fright, burst into a laugh of childish delight at the silent stranger and + the odd scene, and fled towards the house like a timid fawn. + </p> + <p> + In a moment Bartja was himself again; in two strides he reached the young + girl, quick as thought seized her hand and held it fast, notwithstanding + all her struggles. + </p> + <p> + “Let me go!” she cried half in earnest and half laughing, raising her dark + eyes appealingly to him. + </p> + <p> + “Why should I?” he answered. “I took you from the rose-bush and shall hold + you fast until you give me your sister there, the other rose, from your + bosom, to take home with me as a keepsake.” + </p> + <p> + “Please let me go,” repeated Sappho, “I will promise nothing unless you + let my hand go.” + </p> + <p> + “But if I do, you will not run away again?” + </p> + <p> + “Certainly not.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, then, I will give you your liberty, but now you must give me your + rose.” + </p> + <p> + “There are plenty on the bush yonder, and more beautiful ones; choose + whichever you like. Why do you want just this one?” + </p> + <p> + “To keep it carefully in remembrance of the most beautiful maiden I ever + saw.” + </p> + <p> + “Then I shall certainly not give it to you; for those are not my real + friends who tell me I am beautiful, only those who tell me I am good.” + </p> + <p> + “Where did you learn that?” + </p> + <p> + “From my grandmother Rhodopis.” + </p> + <p> + “Very well, then I will tell you you are better than any other maiden in + the whole world.” + </p> + <p> + “How can you say such things, when you don’t know me at all? Oh, sometimes + I am very naughty and disobedient. If I were really good I should be + indoors now instead of talking to you here. My grandmother has forbidden + me ever to stay in the garden when visitors are here, and indeed I don’t + care for all those strange men who always talk about things I cannot + understand.” + </p> + <p> + “Then perhaps you would like me to go away too?” + </p> + <p> + “Oh no, I can understand you quite well; though you cannot speak half so + beautifully as our poor Phanes for example, who was obliged to escape so + miserably yesterday evening, as I heard Melitta saying just this minute.” + </p> + <p> + “Did you love Phanes?” + </p> + <p> + “Love him? Oh yes,—I was very fond of him. When I was little he + always brought me balls, dolls ninepins from Memphis and Sais; and now + that I am older he teaches me beautiful new songs.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Jointed dolls for children. Wilkinson II. 427. Note 149. In the + Leyden Museum one of these jointed toys is to be seen, in very good + preservation.] +</pre> + <p> + “As a parting gift he brought me a tiny Sicilian lapdog, which I am going + to call Argos, because he is so white and swiftfooted. But in a few days + we are to have another present from the good Phanes, for.... There, now + you can see what I am; I was just going to let out a great secret. My + grandmother has strictly forbidden me to tell any one what dear little + visitors we are expecting; but I feel as if I had known you a long time + already, and you have such kind eyes that I could tell you everything. You + see, when I am very happy, I have no one in the whole world to talk to + about it, except old Melitta and my grandmother, and, I don’t know how it + is, that, though they love me so much, they sometimes cannot understand + how trifles can make me so happy.” + </p> + <p> + “That is because they are old, and have forgotten what made them happy in + their youth. But have you no companions of your own age that you are fond + of?” + </p> + <p> + “Not one. Of course there are many other young girls beside me in + Naukratis, but my grandmother says I am not to seek their acquaintance, + and if they will not come to us I am not to go to them.” + </p> + <p> + “Poor child! if you were in Persia, I could soon find you a friend. I have + a sister called Atossa, who is young and good, like you.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, what a pity that she did not come here with you!—But now you + must tell me your name.” + </p> + <p> + “My name is Bartja.” + </p> + <p> + “Bartja! that is a strange name! Bartja-Bartja. Do you know, I like it. + How was the son of Croesus called, who saved our Phanes so generously?” + </p> + <p> + “Gyges. Darius, Zopyrus and he are my best friends. We have sworn never to + part, and to give up our lives for one another, and that is why I came + to-day, so early and quite in secret, to help my friend Gyges, in case he + should need me.” + </p> + <p> + “Then you rode here for nothing.” + </p> + <p> + “No, by Mithras, that indeed I did not, for this ride brought me to you. + But now you must tell me your name.” + </p> + <p> + “I am called Sappho.” + </p> + <p> + “That is a pretty name, and Gyges sings me sometimes beautiful songs by a + poetess called Sappho. Are you related to her?” + </p> + <p> + “Of course. She was the sister of my grandfather Charaxus, and is called + the tenth muse or the Lesbian swan. I suppose then, your friend Gyges + speaks Greek better than you do?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, he learnt Greek and Lydian together as a little child, and speaks + them both equally well. He can speak Persian too, perfectly; and what is + more, he knows and practises all the Persian virtues.” + </p> + <p> + “Which are the highest virtues then according to you Persians?” + </p> + <p> + “Truth is the first of all; courage the second, and the third is + obedience; these three, joined with veneration for the gods, have made us + Persians great.” + </p> + <p> + “But I thought you worshipped no gods?” + </p> + <p> + “Foolish child! who could live without a god, without a higher ruler? + True, they do not dwell in houses and pictures like the gods of the + Egyptians, for the whole creation is their dwelling. The Divinity, who + must be in every place, and must see and hear everything, cannot be + confined within walls.” + </p> + <p> + “Where do you pray then and offer sacrifice, if you have no temples?” + </p> + <p> + “On the grandest of all altars, nature herself; our favorite altar is the + summit of a mountain. There we are nearest to our own god, Mithras, the + mighty sun, and to Auramazda, the pure creative light; for there the light + lingers latest and returns earliest.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [From Herodotus (I. 131 and 132.), and from many other sources, we + see clearly that at the time of the Achaemenidae the Persians had + neither temples nor images of their gods. Auramazda and + Angramainjus, the principles of good and evil, were invisible + existences filling all creation with their countless train of good + and evil spirits. Eternity created fire and water. From these + Ormusd (Auramazda), the good spirit, took his origin. He was + brilliant as the light, pure and good. After having, in the course + of 12000 years, created heaven, paradise and the stars, he became + aware of the existence of an evil spirit, Ahriman (Angramainjus), + black, unclean, malicious and emitting an evil odor. Ormusd + determined on his destruction, and a fierce strife began, in which + Ormusd was the victor, and the evil spirit lay 3000 years + unconscious from the effects of terror. During this interval Ormusd + created the sky, the waters, the earth, all useful plants, trees and + herbs, the ox and the first pair of human beings in one year. + Ahriman, after this, broke loose, and was overcome but not slain. + As, after death, the four elements of which all things are composed, + Earth, Air, Fire and Water, become reunited with their primitive + elements; and as, at the resurrection-day, everything that has been + severed combines once more, and nothing returns into oblivion, all + is reunited to its primitive elements, Ahriman could only have been + slain if his impurity could have been transmuted into purity, his + darkness into light. And so evil continued to exist, and to produce + impurity and evil wherever and whenever the good spirit created the + pure and good. This strife must continue until the last day; but + then Ahriman, too, will become pure and holy; the Diws or Daewa + (evil spirits) will have absorbed his evil, and themselves have + ceased to exist. For the evil spirits which dwell in every human + being, and are emanations from Ahriman, will be destroyed in the + punishment inflicted on men after death. From Vuller’s Ulmai Islam + and the Zend-Avesta.] +</pre> + <p> + “Light alone is pure and good; darkness is unclean and evil. Yes, maiden, + believe me, God is nearest to us on the mountains; they are his favorite + resting-place. Have you never stood on the wooded summit of a high + mountain, and felt, amid the solemn silence of nature, the still and soft, + but awful breath of Divinity hovering around you? Have you prostrated + yourself in the green forest, by a pure spring, or beneath the open sky, + and listened for the voice of God speaking from among the leaves and + waters? Have you beheld the flame leaping up to its parent the sun, and + bearing with it, in the rising column of smoke, our prayers to the radiant + Creator? You listen now in wonder, but I tell you, you would kneel and + worship too with me, could I but take you to one of our mountain-altars.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh! if I only could go there with you! if I might only once look down + from some high mountain over all the woods and meadows, rivers and + valleys. I think, up there, where nothing could be hidden from my eyes, I + should feel like an all-seeing Divinity myself. But hark, my grandmother + is calling. I must go.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, do not leave me yet!” + </p> + <p> + “Is not obedience one of the Persian virtues?” + </p> + <p> + “But my rose?” + </p> + <p> + “Here it is.” + </p> + <p> + “Shall you remember me?” + </p> + <p> + “Why should I not?” + </p> + <p> + “Sweet maiden, forgive me if I ask one more favor.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, but ask it quickly, for my grandmother has just called again.” + </p> + <p> + “Take my diamond star as a remembrance of this hour.” + </p> + <p> + “No, I dare not.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, do, do take it. My father gave it me as a reward, the first time that + I killed a bear with my own hand, and it has been my dearest treasure till + to-day, but now you shall have it, for you are dearer to me than anything + else in the world.” + </p> + <p> + Saying this, he took the chain and star from his breast, and tried to hang + it round Sappho’s neck. She resisted, but Bartja threw his arms round her, + kissed her forehead, called her his only love, and looking down deep into + the eyes of the trembling child, placed it round her neck by gentle force. + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis called a third time. Sappho broke from the young prince’s + embrace, and was running away, but turned once more at his earnest + entreaty and the question, “When may I see you again?” and answered + softly, “To-morrow morning at this rose-bush.” + </p> + <p> + “Which held you fast to be my friend.” + </p> + <p> + Sappho sped towards the house. Rhodopis received Bartja, and communicated + to him all she knew of his friend’s fate, after which the young Persian + departed for Sais. + </p> + <p> + When Rhodopis visited her grandchild’s bed that evening, she did not find + her sleeping peacefully as usual; her lips moved, and she sighed deeply, + as if disturbed by vexing dreams. + </p> + <p> + On his way back, Bartja met Darius and Zopyrus, who had followed at once + on hearing of their friend’s secret departure. They little guessed that + instead of encountering an enemy, Bartja had met his first love. Croesus + reached Sais a short time before the three friends. He went at once to the + king and informed him without reserve of the events of the preceding + evening. Amasis pretended much surprise at his son’s conduct, assured his + friend that Gyges should be released at once, and indulged in some + ironical jokes at the discomfiture of Psamtik’s attempt to revenge + himself. + </p> + <p> + Croesus had no sooner quitted the king than the crown-prince was + announced. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0010" id="link2HCH0010"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER X. + </h2> + <p> + Amasis received his son with a burst of laughter, and without noticing + Psamtik’s pale and troubled countenance, shouted: “Did not I tell thee, + that a simple Egyptian would find it no easy task to catch such a Greek + fox? I would have given ten cities to have been by, when thy captive + proved to be the stammering Lydian instead of the voluble Athenian.” + </p> + <p> + Psamtik grew paler and paler, and trembling with rage, answered in a + suppressed voice: “Is it well, my father, thus to rejoice at an affront + offered to thy son? I swear, by the eternal gods, that but for Cambyses’ + sake that shameless Lydian had not seen the light of another day. But what + is it to thee, that thy son becomes a laughing-stock to these beggarly + Greeks!” + </p> + <p> + “Abuse not those who have outwitted thee.” + </p> + <p> + “Outwitted! my plan was so subtly laid, that... + </p> + <p> + “The finer the web, the sooner broken.” + </p> + <p> + “That that intriguing Greek could not possibly have escaped, if, in + violation of all established precedents; the envoy of a foreign power had + not taken it upon himself to rescue a man whom we had condemned.” + </p> + <p> + “There thou art in error, my son. We are not speaking of the execution of + a judicial sentence, but of the success or failure of an attempt at + personal revenge.” + </p> + <p> + “The agents employed were, however, commissioned by the king, and + therefore the smallest satisfaction that I can demand of thee, is to + solicit from Cambyses the punishment of him who has interfered in the + execution of the royal decrees. In Persia, where men bow to the king’s + will as to the will of a god, this crime will be seen in all its + heinousness. The punishment of Gyges is a debt which Cambyses owes us.” + </p> + <p> + “But I have no intention of demanding the payment of this debt,” answered + Amasis. “On the contrary, I am thankful that Phanes has escaped. Gyges has + saved my soul from the guilt of shedding innocent blood, and thine from + the reproach of having revenged thyself meanly on a man, to whom thy + father is indebted.” + </p> + <p> + “Wilt thou then conceal the whole affair from Cambyses?” + </p> + <p> + “No, I shall mention it jestingly in a letter, as my manner is, and at the + same time caution him against Phanes. I shall tell him that he has barely + escaped my vengeance, and will therefore certainly endeavor to stir up the + power of Persia against Egypt; and shall entreat my future son-in-law to + close his ears to this false accuser. Croesus and Gyges can help us by + their friendship more than Phanes can injure by his hatred.” + </p> + <p> + “Is this then thy final resolve? Can I expect no satisfaction?” + </p> + <p> + “None. I abide by what I have said.” + </p> + <p> + “Then tremble, not alone before Phanes, but before another—before + one who holds thee in his power, and who himself is in ours.” + </p> + <p> + “Thou thinkest to alarm me; thou wouldst rend the bond formed only + yesterday? Psamtik, Psamtik, I counsel thee to remember, that thou + standest before thy father and thy king.” + </p> + <p> + “And thou, forget not that I am thy son! If thou compell’st me to forget + that the gods appointed thee to be my father—if I can hope for no + help from thee, then I will resort to my own weapons.” + </p> + <p> + “I am curious to learn what these may be.” + </p> + <p> + “And I need not conceal them. Know then that the oculist Nebenchari is in + our power.” + </p> + <p> + Amasis turned pale. + </p> + <p> + “Before thou couldst possibly imagine that Cambyses would sue for the hand + of thy daughter, thou sentest this man to the distant realm of Persia, in + order to rid thyself of one who shared thy knowledge of the real descent + of my so-called, sister Nitetis. He is still there, and at a hint from the + priests will disclose to Cambyses that he has been deceived, and that thou + hast ventured to send him, instead of thine own, the child of thy + dethroned predecessor Hophra. All Nebenchari’s papers are in our + possession, the most important being a letter in thine own hand promising + his father, who assisted at Nitetis’ birth, a thousand gold rings, as an + inducement to secrecy even from the priests.” + </p> + <p> + “In whose hands are these papers?” asked Amasis in a freezing tone. + </p> + <p> + “In the hands of the priesthood.” + </p> + <p> + “Who speak by thy mouth?” + </p> + <p> + “Thou hast said it.” + </p> + <p> + “Repeat then thy requests.” + </p> + <p> + “Entreat Cambyses to punish Gyges, and grant me free powers to pursue the + escaped Phanes as it shall seem good in mine eyes.” + </p> + <p> + “Is that all?” + </p> + <p> + “Bind thyself by a solemn oath to the priests, that the Greeks shall be + prevented from erecting any more temples to their false gods in Egypt, and + that the building of the temple to Apollo, in Memphis, shall be + discontinued.” + </p> + <p> + “I expected these demands. The priests have discovered a sharp weapon to + wield against me. Well, I am prepared to yield to the wishes of my + enemies, with whom thou hast leagued thyself, but only on two conditions. + First, I insist that the letter, which I confess to have written to the + father of Nebenchari in a moment of inconsideration, be restored to me. If + left in the hands of thy party, it could reduce me from a king to the + contemptible slave of priestly intrigue.” + </p> + <p> + “That wish is reasonable. The letter shall be returned to thee, if.... ” + </p> + <p> + “Not another if! on the contrary, know that I consider thy petition for + the punishment of Gyges so imprudent, that I refuse to grant it. Now leave + me and appear not again before mine eyes until I summon thee! Yesterday I + gained a son, only to lose him to-day. Rise! I demand no tokens of a love + and humility, which thou hast never felt. Go to the priests when thou + needest comfort and counsel, and see if they can supply a father’s place. + Tell Neithotep, in whose hands thou art as wax, that he has found the best + means of forcing me to grant demands, which otherwise I should have + refused. Hitherto I have been willing to make every sacrifice for the sake + of upholding Egypt’s greatness; but now, when I see that, to attain their + own ends, the priests can strive to move me by the threat of treachery to + their own country, I feel inclined to regard this privileged caste as a + more dangerous enemy to Egypt, than even the Persians. Beware, beware! + This once, having brought danger upon Egypt through my own fatherly + weakness, I give way to the intrigues of my enemies; but, for the future, + I swear by the great goddess Neith, that men shall see and feel I am king; + the entire priesthood shall be sacrificed rather than the smallest + fraction of my royal will! Silence—depart!” + </p> + <p> + The prince left, but this time a longer interval was necessary, before the + king could regain even outward cheerfulness sufficient to enable him to + appear before his guests. + </p> + <p> + Psamtik went at once to the commander of the native troops, ordered him to + banish the Egyptian captain who had failed in executing his revengeful + plans, to the quarries of Thebais, and to send the Ethiopians back to + their native country. He then hurried to the high-priest of Neith, to + inform him how much he had been able to extort from the king. + </p> + <p> + Neithotep shook his head doubtfully on hearing of Amasis’ threats, and + dismissed the prince with a few words of exhortation, a practice he never + omitted. + </p> + <p> + Psamtik returned home, his heart oppressed and his mind clouded with a + sense of unsatisfied revenge, of a new and unhappy rupture with his + father, a fear of foreign derision, a feeling of his subjection to the + will of the priests, and of a gloomy fate which had hung over his head + since his birth. + </p> + <p> + His once beautiful wife was dead; and, of five blooming children, only one + daughter remained to him, and a little son, whom he loved tenderly, and to + whom in this sad moment he felt drawn. For the blue eyes and laughing + mouth of his child were the only objects that ever thawed this man’s icy + heart, and from these he now hoped for consolation and courage on his + weary road through life. + </p> + <p> + “Where is my son?” he asked of the first attendant who crossed his path. + </p> + <p> + “The king has just sent for the Prince Necho and his nurse,” answered the + man. + </p> + <p> + At this moment the high-steward of the prince’s household approached, and + with a low obeisance delivered to Psamtik a sealed papyrus letter, with + the words: “From your father, the king.” + </p> + <p> + In angry haste he broke the yellow wax of the seal bearing the king’s + name, and read: “I have sent for thy son, that he may not become, like his + father, a blind instrument in the hands of the priesthood, forgetful of + what is due to himself and his country. His education shall be my care, + for the impressions of childhood affect the whole of a man’s later life. + Thou canst see him if thou wilt, but I must be acquainted with thy + intention beforehand.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Signet rings were worn by the Egyptians at a very early period. + Thus, in Genesis 41. 42., Pharaoh puts his ring on Joseph’s hand. + In the Berlin Museum and all other collections of Egyptian + antiquities, numbers of these rings are to be found, many of which + are more than 4000 years old.] +</pre> + <p> + Psamtik concealed his indignation from the surrounding attendants with + difficulty. The mere wish of a royal father had, according to Egyptian + custom, as much weight as the strictest command. After reflecting a few + moments, he called for huntsmen, dogs, bows and lances, sprang into a + light chariot and commanded the charioteer to drive him to the western + marshes, where, in pursuing the wild beasts of the desert, he could forget + the weight of his own cares and wreak on innocent creatures his hitherto + baffled vengeance. + </p> + <p> + Gyges was released immediately after the conversation between his father + and Amasis, and welcomed with acclamations of joy by his companions. The + Pharaoh seemed desirous of atoning for the imprisonment of his friend’s + son by doubling his favors, for on the same day Gyges received from the + king a magnificent chariot drawn by two noble brown steeds, and was begged + to take back with him to Persia a curiously-wrought set of draughts, as a + remembrance of Sais. The separate pieces were made of ebony and ivory, + some being curiously inlaid with sentences, in hieroglyphics of gold and + silver. + </p> + <p> + Amasis laughed heartily with his friends at Gyges’ artifice, allowed the + young heroes to mix freely with his family, and behaved towards them + himself as a jovial father towards his merry sons. That the ancient + Egyptian was not quite extinguished in him could only be discerned at + meal-times, when a separate table was allotted to the Persians. The + religion of his ancestors would have pronounced him defiled, had he eaten + at the same table with men of another nation. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Herodotus II. 41. says that the Egyptians neither kissed, nor ate + out of the same dish with foreigners, nay, indeed, that they refused + to touch meat, in the cutting up of which the knife of a Greek had + been used. Nor were the lesser dynasties of the Delta allowed, + according to the Stela of Pianchi, to cross the threshold of the + Pharaohs because they were unclean and ate fish. In the book of + Genesis, the brethren of Joseph were not allowed to eat bread with + the Egyptians.] +</pre> + <p> + When Amasis, at last, three days after the release of Gyges, declared that + his daughter Nitetis would be prepared to depart for Asia in the course of + two more weeks, all the Persians regretted that their stay in Egypt was so + near its close. + </p> + <p> + Croesus had enjoyed the society of the Samian poets and sculptors. Gyges + had shared his father’s preference for Greek art and artists. Darius, who + had formerly studied astronomy in Babylon, was one evening observing the + heavens, when, to his surprise, he was addressed by the aged Neithotep and + invited to follow him on to the temple-roof. Darius, ever eager to acquire + knowledge, did not wait to be asked twice, and was to be found there every + night in earnest attention to the old priest’s lessons. + </p> + <p> + On one occasion Psamtik met him thus with his master, and asked the latter + what could have induced him to initiate a Persian in the Egyptian + mysteries. + </p> + <p> + “I am only teaching him,” answered the high-priest, “what is as well known + to every learned Chaldee in Babylon as to ourselves, and am thereby + gaining the friendship of a man, whose stars as far outshine those of + Cambyses as the sun outshines the moon. This Darius, I tell thee, will be + a mighty ruler. I have even seen the beams of his planet shining over + Egypt. The truly wise man extends his gaze into the future, regards the + objects lying on either side of his road, as well as the road itself. Thou + canst not know in which of the many houses by which thou passest daily, a + future benefactor may not have been reared for thee. Leave nought + unnoticed that lies in thy path, but above all direct thy gaze upward to + the stars. As the faithful dog lies in wait night after night for thieves, + so have I watched these pilgrims of the heavens fifty years long—these + foretellers of the fates of men, burning in ethereal space, and + announcing, not only the return of summer and winter, but the arrival of + good and bad fortune, honor and disgrace. These are the unerring guides, + who have pointed out to me in Darius a plant, that will one day wax into a + mighty tree.” + </p> + <p> + To Bartja, Darius’ nightly studies were especially welcome; they + necessitated more sleep in the morning, and so rendered Bartja’s stolen + early rides to Naukratis, (on which Zopyrus, to whom he had confided his + secret, accompanied him), easier of accomplishment. During the interviews + with Sappho, Zopyrus and the attendants used all their endeavors to kill a + few snipes, jackals or jerboas. They could then, on their return, maintain + to their Mentor Croesus, that they had been pursuing fieldsports, the + favorite occupation of the Persian nobility. + </p> + <p> + The change which the power of a first love had wrought in the innermost + character of Bartja, passed unnoticed by all but Tachot, the daughter of + Amasis. From the first day on which they had spoken together she had loved + him, and her quick feelings told her at once that something had happened + to estrange him from herself. Formerly his behavior had been that of a + brother, and he had sought her companionship; but now he carefully avoided + every approach to intimacy, for he had guessed her secret and felt as if + even a kind look would have been an offence against his loyalty to Sappho. + </p> + <p> + In her distress at this change Tachot confided her sorrows to Nitetis. The + latter bade her take courage, and the two girls built many a castle in the + air, picturing to themselves the happiness of being always together at one + court, and married to two royal brothers. But as the days went by, the + visits of the handsome prince became more and more rare, and when he did + come, his behavior to Tachot was cold and distant. Yet the poor girl could + not but confess that Bartja had grown handsomer and more manly during his + stay in Egypt. An expression of proud and yet gentle consciousness lay + beaming in his large eyes, and a strange dreamy air of rest often took the + place of his former gay spirits. His cheeks had lost their brilliant + color, but that added to his beauty, while it lessened hers, who, like + him, became paler from day to day. + </p> + <p> + Melitta, the old slave, had taken the lovers under her protection. She had + surprised them one morning, but the prince had given her such rich + presents, and her darling had begged, flattered and coaxed so sweetly, + that at last Melitta promised to keep their secret, and later, yielding to + that natural impulse which moves all old women to favor lovers, had even + given them every assistance in her power. She already saw her “sweet + child” mistress of a hemisphere, often addressed her as “my Princess” and + “my Queen” when none were by to hear, and in many a weak moment imagined a + brilliant future for herself in some high office at the Persian court. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0011" id="link2HCH0011"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XI. + </h2> + <p> + Three days before the time fixed for the departure of Nitetis, Rhodopis + had invited a large number of guests to her house at Naukratis, amongst + whom Croesus and Gyges were included. + </p> + <p> + The two lovers had agreed to meet in the garden, protected by the darkness + and the old slave, while the guests were occupied at the banquet. Melitta, + therefore, having convinced herself that the guests were thoroughly + absorbed in conversation, opened the garden-gate, admitted the prince, + brought Sappho to him, and then retired, promising to warn them of any + intruder by clapping her hands. + </p> + <p> + “I shall only have you near me three days longer,” whispered Sappho. “Do + you know, sometimes it seems to me as if I had only seen you yesterday for + the first time; but generally I feel as if you had belonged to me for a + whole eternity, and I had loved you all my life.” + </p> + <p> + “To me too it seems as if you had always been mine, for I cannot imagine + how I could ever have existed without you. If only the parting were over + and we were together again!” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, believe me, that will pass more quickly than you fancy. Of course it + will seem long to wait—very long; but when it is over, and we are + together again, I think it will seem as if we had never been parted. So it + has been with me every day. How I have longed for the morning to come and + bring you with it! but when it came and you were sitting by my side, I + felt as if I had had you all the time and your hand had never left my + head.” + </p> + <p> + “And yet a strange feeling of fear comes over me, when I think of our + parting hour.” + </p> + <p> + “I do not fear it so very much. I know my heart will bleed when you say + farewell, but I am sure you will come back and will not have forgotten me. + Melitta wanted to enquire of the Oracle whether you would remain faithful; + and to question an old woman who has just come from Phrygia and can + conjure by night from drawn cords, with incense, styrax, moon-shaped + cakes, and wild-briar leaves; but I would have none of this, for my heart + knows better than the Pythia, the cords, or the smoke of sacrifice, that + you will be true to me, and love me always.” + </p> + <p> + “And your heart speaks the truth.” + </p> + <p> + “But I have sometimes been afraid; and have blown into a poppy-leaf, and + struck it, as the young girls here do. If it broke with a loud crack I was + very happy, and cried, ‘Ah! he will not forget!’ but if the leaf tore + without a sound I felt sad. I dare say I did this a hundred times, but + generally the leaf gave the wished-for sound, and I had much oftener + reason to be joyful than sad.” + </p> + <p> + “May it be ever thus!” + </p> + <p> + “It must be! but dearest, do not speak so loudly; I see Knakias going down + to the Nile for water and he will hear us.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, I will speak low. There, I will stroke back your silky hair and + whisper in your ear ‘I love you.’ Could you understand?” + </p> + <p> + “My grandmother says that it is easy to understand what we like to hear; + but if you had just whispered, ‘I hate you,’ your eyes would have told me + with a thousand glad voices that you loved me. Silent eyes are much more + eloquent than all the tongues in the world.” + </p> + <p> + “If I could only speak the beautiful Greek language as you do, I would..” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, I am so glad you cannot, for if you could tell me all you feel, I + think you would not look into my eyes so lovingly. Words are nothing. + Listen to the nightingale yonder! She never had the gift of speech and yet + I think I can understand her.” + </p> + <p> + “Will you confide her secret to me? I should like to know what Gulgul, as + we Persians call the nightingale, has to talk about to her mate in the + rose-bush. May you betray her secret?” + </p> + <p> + “I will whisper it softly. Philomel sings to her mate ‘I love thee,’ and + he answers, (don’t you hear him?), ‘Itys, ito, itys.’” + </p> + <p> + “And what does that mean, ‘Ito, ito?’” + </p> + <p> + “I accept it.” + </p> + <p> + “And Itys?” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, that must be explained, to be rightly understood. Itys is a circle; + and a circle, I was always taught, is the symbol of eternity, having + neither beginning nor end; so the nightingale sings, ‘I accept it for + eternity.’” + </p> + <p> + “And if I say to you, ‘I love thee?’” + </p> + <p> + “Then I shall answer gladly, like the sweet nightingale, ‘I accept it for + to-day, to-morrow, for all eternity!’” + </p> + <p> + “What a wonderful night it is! everything so still and silent; I do not + even hear the nightingale now; she is sitting in the acacia-tree among the + bunches of sweet blossoms. I can see the tops of the palm-trees in the + Nile, and the moon’s reflection between them, glistening like a white + swan.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, her rays are over every living thing like silver fetters, and the + whole world lies motionless beneath them like a captive woman. Happy as I + feel now, yet I could not even laugh, and still less speak in a loud + voice.” + </p> + <p> + “Then whisper, or sing!” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, that is the best. Give me a lyre. Thank you. Now I will lean my head + on your breast, and sing you a little, quiet, peaceful song. It was + written by Alkman, the Lydian, who lived in Sparta, in praise of night and + her stillness. You must listen though, for this low, sweet slumber-song + must only leave the lips like a gentle wind. Do not kiss me any more, + please, till I have finished; then I will ask you to thank me with a kiss: + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “Now o’er the drowsy earth still night prevails, + Calm sleep the mountain tops and shady vales, + The rugged cliffs and hollow glens; + + The wild beasts slumber in their dens; + The cattle on the bill. Deep in the sea + The countless finny race and monster brood + Tranquil repose. Even the busy bee + Forgets her daily toil. The silent wood + No more with noisy hum of insect rings; + And all the feathered tribe, by gentle sleep subdued, + Roost in the glade and hang their drooping wings.” + —Translation by Colonel Mure. +</pre> + <p> + “Now, dearest, where is my kiss?” + </p> + <p> + “I had forgotten it in listening, just as before I forgot to listen in + kissing.” + </p> + <p> + “You are too bad. But tell me, is not my song lovely?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, beautiful, like everything else you sing.” + </p> + <p> + “And the Greek poets write?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, there you are right too, I admit.” + </p> + <p> + “Are there no poets in Persia?” + </p> + <p> + “How can you ask such a question? How could a nation, who despised song, + pretend to any nobility of feeling?” + </p> + <p> + “But you have some very bad customs.” + </p> + <p> + “Well?” + </p> + <p> + “You take so many wives.” + </p> + <p> + “My Sappho...” + </p> + <p> + “Do not misunderstand me. I love you so much, that I have no other wish + than to see you happy and be allowed to be always with you. If, by taking + me for your only wife, you would outrage the laws of your country, if you + would thereby expose yourself to contempt, or even blame, (for who could + dare to despise my Bartja!) then take other wives; but let me have you, + for myself alone, at least two, or perhaps even three years. Will you + promise this, Bartja?” + </p> + <p> + “I will.” + </p> + <p> + “And then, when my time has passed, and you must yield to the customs of + your country (for it will not be love that leads you to bring home a + second wife), then let me be the first among your slaves. Oh! I have + pictured that so delightfully to myself. When you go to war I shall set + the tiara on your head, gird on the sword, and place the lance in your + hand; and when you return a conqueror, I shall be the first to crown you + with the wreath of victory. When you ride out to the chase, mine will be + the duty of buckling on your spurs, and when you go to the banquet, of + adorning and anointing you, winding the garlands of poplar and roses and + twining them around your forehead and shoulders. If wounded, I will be + your nurse; will never stir from your side if you are ill, and when I see + you happy will retire, and feast my eyes from afar on your glory and + happiness. Then perchance you will call me to your side, and your kiss + will say, ‘I am content with my Sappho, I love her still.’” + </p> + <p> + “O Sappho, wert thou only my wife now!—to-day! The man who possesses + such a treasure as I have in thee, will guard it carefully, but never care + to seek for others which, by its side, can only show their miserable + poverty. He who has once loved thee, can never love another: I know it is + the custom in my country to have many wives, but this is only allowed; + there is no law to enjoin it. My father had, it is true, a hundred female + slaves, but only one real, true wife, our mother Kassandane.” + </p> + <p> + “And I will be your Kassandane.” + </p> + <p> + “No, my Sappho, for what you will be to me, no woman ever yet was to her + husband.” + </p> + <p> + “When shall you come to fetch me?” + </p> + <p> + “As soon as I can, and am permitted to do so.” + </p> + <p> + “Then I ought to be able to wait patiently.” + </p> + <p> + “And shall I ever hear from you?” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, I shall write long, long letters, and charge every wind with loving + messages for you.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, do so, my darling; and as to the letters, give them to the messenger + who will bring Nitetis tidings from Egypt from time to time.” + </p> + <p> + “Where shall I find him?” + </p> + <p> + “I will see that a man is stationed at Naukratis, to take charge of + everything you send to him. All this I will settle with Melitta.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, we can trust her, she is prudent and faithful; but I have another + friend, who is dearer to me than any one else excepting you, and who loves + me too better than any one else does, but you—” + </p> + <p> + “You mean your grandmother Rhodopis.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, my faithful guardian and teacher.” + </p> + <p> + “Ah, she is a noble woman. Croesus considers her the most excellent among + women, and he has studied mankind as the physicians do plants and herbs. + He knows that rank poison lies hidden in some, in others healing cordials, + and often says that Rhodopis is like a rose which, while fading away + herself, and dropping leaf after leaf, continues to shed perfume and + quickening balsam for the sick and weak, and awaits in patience the wind + which at last shall waft her from us.” + </p> + <p> + “The gods grant that she may be with us for a long time yet! Dearest, will + you grant me one great favor?” + </p> + <p> + “It is granted before I hear it.” + </p> + <p> + “When you take me home, do not leave Rhodopis here. She must come with us. + She is so kind and loves me so fervently, that what makes me happy will + make her so too, and whatever is dear to me, will seem to her worthy of + being loved.” + </p> + <p> + “She shall be the first among our guests.” + </p> + <p> + “Now I am quite happy and satisfied, for I am necessary to my grandmother; + she could not live without her child. I laugh her cares and sorrows away, + and when she is singing to me, or teaching me how to guide the style, or + strike the lute, a clearer light beams from her brow, the furrows ploughed + by grief disappear, her gentle eyes laugh, and she seems to forget the + evil past in the happy present.” + </p> + <p> + “Before we part, I will ask her whether she will follow us home.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, how glad that makes me! and do you know, the first days of our + absence from each other do not seem so very dreadful to me. Now you are to + be my husband, I may surely tell you everything that pains or pleases me, + even when I dare not tell any one else, and so you must know, that, when + you leave, we expect two little visitors; they are the children of the + kind Phanes, whom your friend Gyges saved so nobly. I mean to be like a + mother to the little creatures, and when they have been good I shall sing + them a story of a prince, a brave hero, who took a simple maiden to be his + wife; and when I describe the prince I shall have you in my mind, and + though my little listeners will not guess it, I shall be describing you + from head to foot. My prince shall be tall like you, shall have your + golden curls and blue eyes, and your rich, royal dress shall adorn his + noble figure. Your generous heart, your love of truth, and your beautiful + reverence for the gods, your courage and heroism, in short, every thing + that I love and honor in you, I shall give to the hero of my tale. How the + children will listen! and when they cry, ‘Oh, how we love the prince, how + good and beautiful he must be! if we could only see him? then I shall + press them close to my heart and kiss them as I kiss you now, and so they + will have gained their wish, for as you are enthroned in my heart, you + must be living within me and therefore near to them, and when they embrace + me they will embrace you too.” + </p> + <p> + “And I shall go to my little sister Atossa and tell her all I have seen on + my journey, and when I speak of the Greeks, their grace, their glorious + works of art, and their beautiful women, I shall describe the golden + Aphrodite in your lovely likeness. I shall tell her of your virtue, your + beauty and modesty, of your singing, which is so sweet that even the + nightingale is silent in order to listen to it, of your love and + tenderness. But all this I shall tell her belongs to the divine Cypris, + and when she cries, ‘O Aphrodite, could I but see thee!’ I too shall kiss + my sister.” + </p> + <p> + “Hark, what was that? Melitta surely clapped her hands. Farewell, we must + not stay! but we shall soon see each other again.” + </p> + <p> + “One more kiss!” + </p> + <p> + “Farewell!” + </p> + <p> + Melitta had fallen asleep at her post, overcome by age and weariness. Her + dreams were suddenly disturbed by a loud noise, and she clapped her hands + directly to warn the lovers and call Sappho, as she perceived by the stars + that the dawn was not far off. + </p> + <p> + As the two approached the house, they discovered that the noise which had + awakened the old slave, proceeded from the guests, who were preparing for + departure. + </p> + <p> + Urging her to make the greatest haste, Melitta pushed the frightened girl + into the house, took her at once to her sleeping-room, and was beginning + to undress her when Rhodopis entered. + </p> + <p> + “You are still up, Sappho?” she asked. + </p> + <p> + “What is this, my child?” + </p> + <p> + Melitta trembled and had a falsehood ready on her lips, but Sappho, + throwing herself into her grandmother’s arms, embraced her tenderly and + told the whole story of her love. + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis turned pale, ordered Melitta to leave the chamber, and, placing + herself in front of her grandchild, laid both hands on her shoulders and + said earnestly, “Look into my eyes, Sappho. Canst thou look at me as + happily and as innocently, as thou couldst before this Persian came to + us?” + </p> + <p> + The girl raised her eyes at once with a joyful smile; then Rhodopis + clasped her to her bosom, kissed her and continued: “Since thou wert a + little child my constant effort has been to train thee to a noble + maidenhood and guard thee from the approach of love. I had intended, in + accordance with the customs of our country, to choose a fitting husband + for thee shortly myself, to whose care I should have committed thee; but + the gods willed differently. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Spartans married for love, but the Athenians were accustomed to + negotiate their marriages with the parents of the bride alone.] +</pre> + <p> + Eros mocks all human efforts to resist or confine him; warm AEolian blood + runs in thy veins and demands love; the passionate heart of thy Lesbian + forefathers beats in thy breast. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Charaxus, the grandfather of our heroine, and brother of the + poetess Sappho, was, as a Lesbian, an AEolian Greek.] +</pre> + <p> + What has happened cannot now be undone. Treasure these happy hours of a + first, pure love; hold them fast in the chambers of memory, for to every + human being there must come, sooner or later, a present so sad and + desolate, that the beautiful past is all he has to live upon. Remember + this handsome prince in silence, bid him farewell when he departs to his + native country, but beware of hoping to see him again. The Persians are + fickle and inconstant, lovers of everything new and foreign. The prince + has been fascinated by thy sweetness and grace. He loves thee ardently + now, but remember, he is young and handsome, courted by every one, and a + Persian. Give him up that he may not abandon thee!” + </p> + <p> + “But how can I, grandmother? I have sworn to be faithful to him for ever.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, children! Ye play with eternity as if it were but a passing moment! I + could blame thee for thus plighting thy troth, but I rejoice that thou + regardest the oath as binding. I detest the blasphemous proverb: ‘Zeus + pays no heed to lovers’ oaths.’ Why should an oath touching the best and + holiest feelings of humanity be regarded by the Deity, as inferior in + importance to asseverations respecting the trifling questions of mine and + thine? Keep thy promise then,—hold fast thy love, but prepare to + renounce thy lover.” + </p> + <p> + “Never, grandmother! could I ever have loved Bartja, if I had not trusted + him? Just because he is a Persian and holds truth to be the highest + virtue, I may venture to hope that he will remember his oath, and, + notwithstanding those evil customs of the Asiatics, will take and keep me + as his only wife.” + </p> + <p> + “But if he should forget, thy youth will be passed in mourning, and with + an embittered heart...” + </p> + <p> + “O, dear kind grandmother, pray do not speak of such dreadful things. If + you knew him as well as I do, you would rejoice with me, and would tell me + I was right to believe that the Nile may dry up and the Pyramids crumble + into ruins, before my Bartja can ever deceive me!” + </p> + <p> + The girl spoke these words with such a joyful, perfect confidence, and her + eyes, though filled with tears, were so brilliant with happiness and + warmth of feeling, that Rhodopis’ face grew cheerful too. + </p> + <p> + Sappho threw her arms again round her grandmother, told her every word + that Bartja had said to her, and ended the long account by exclaiming: + “Oh, grandmother, I am so happy, so very happy, and if you will come with + us to Persia, I shall have nothing more to wish from the Immortals.” + </p> + <p> + “That will not last long,” said Rhodopis. “The gods cast envious glances + at the happiness of mortals; they measure our portion of evil with lavish + hands, and give us but a scanty allowance of good. But now go to bed, my + child, and let us pray together that all may end happily. I met thee this + morning as a child, I part from thee to-night a woman; and, when thou art + a wife, may thy kiss be as joyful as the one thou givest me now. To-morrow + I will talk the matter over with Croesus. He must decide whether I dare + allow thee to await the return of the Persian prince, or whether I must + entreat thee to forget him and become the domestic wife of a Greek + husband. Sleep well, my darling, thy grandmother will wake and watch for + thee.” + </p> + <p> + Sappho’s happy fancies soon cradled her to sleep; but Rhodopis remained + awake watching the day dawn, and the sun rise, her mind occupied with + thoughts which brought smiles and frowns across her countenance in rapid + succession. + </p> + <p> + The next morning she sent to Croesus, begging him to grant her an hour’s + interview, acquainted him with every particular she had heard from Sappho, + and concluded her tale with these words: “I know not what demands may be + made on the consort of a Persian king, but I can truly say that I believe + Sappho to be worthy of the first monarch of the world. Her father was free + and of noble birth, and I have heard that, by Persian law, the descent of + a child is determined by the rank of the father only. In Egypt, too, the + descendants of a female slave enjoy the same rights as those of a + princess, if they owe their existence to the same father.” + </p> + <p> + “I have listened to you in silence,” answered Croesus, “and must confess, + that, like yourself, I do not know in this moment whether to be glad or + sorry for this attachment. Cambyses and Kassandane (the king’s and + Bartja’s mother) wished to see the prince married before we left Persia, + for the king has no children, and should he remain childless, the only + hope for the family of Cyrus rests on Bartja, as the great founder of the + Persian empire left but two sons,—Cambyses, and him who is now the + suitor of your granddaughter. The latter is the hope and pride of the + entire Persian nation, high and low; the darling of the people; generous, + and noble, handsome, virtuous, and worthy of their love. It is indeed + expected that the princes shall marry in their own family, the + Achaemenidae; but the Persians have an unbounded predilection for + everything foreign. Enchanted with the beauty of your granddaughter, and + rendered indulgent by their partiality for Bartja, they would easily + forgive this breach of an ancient custom. Indeed, if the king gives his + approval, no objection on the part of his subjects can be entertained. The + history of Iran too offers a sufficient number of examples, in which even + slaves became the mothers of kings. The queen mother, whose position, in + the eyes of the people, is nearly as high as that of the monarch himself, + will do nothing to thwart the happiness of her youngest and favorite son. + When she sees that he will not give up Sappho,—that his smiling + face, in which she adores the image of her great husband Cyrus, becomes + clouded, I verily believe she would be ready to sanction his taking even a + Scythian woman to wife, if it could restore him to cheerfulness. Neither + will Cambyses himself refuse his consent if his mother press the point at + a right moment.” + </p> + <p> + “In that case every difficulty is set aside,” cried Rhodopis joyfully. + </p> + <p> + “It is not the marriage itself, but the time that must follow, which + causes me uneasiness,” answered Croesus. + </p> + <p> + “Do you think then that Bartja...?” + </p> + <p> + “From him I fear nothing. He has a pure heart, and has been so long proof + against love, that now he has once yielded, he will love long and + ardently.” + </p> + <p> + “What then do you fear?” + </p> + <p> + “You must remember that, though the charming wife of their favorite will + be warmly received by all his friends of his own sex, there are thousands + of idle women in the harems of the Persian nobles, who will endeavor, by + every artifice and intrigue in their power, to injure the newly-risen + star; and whose greatest joy it will be to ruin such an inexperienced + child and make her unhappy.” + </p> + <p> + “You have a very bad opinion of the Persian women.” + </p> + <p> + “They are but women, and will naturally envy her, who has gained the + husband they all desired either for themselves or for their daughters. In + their monotonous life, devoid of occupation, envy easily becomes hatred, + and the gratification of these evil passions is the only compensation + which the poor creatures can obtain for the total absence of love and loss + of freedom. I repeat, the more beautiful Sappho is, the more malicious + they will feel towards her, and, even if Bartja should love her so + fervently as not to take a second wife for two or three years, she will + still have such heavy hours to encounter, that I really do not know + whether I dare congratulate you on her apparently brilliant future.” + </p> + <p> + “That is quite my own feeling. A simple Greek would be more welcome to me + than this son of a mighty monarch.” + </p> + <p> + In this moment Knakias brought Bartja into the room. He went to Rhodopis + at once, besought her not to refuse him the hand of her granddaughter, + spoke of his ardent love, and assured her that his happiness would be + doubled, if she would consent to accompany them to Persia. Then turning to + Croesus, he seized his hand and entreated forgiveness for having so long + concealed his great happiness from one who had been like a father to him, + at the same time begging him to second his suit with Rhodopis. + </p> + <p> + The old man listened to the youth’s passionate language with a smile, and + said: “Ah, Bartja, how often have I warned thee against love! It is a + scorching fire.” + </p> + <p> + “But its flame is bright and beautiful.” + </p> + <p> + “It causes pain.” + </p> + <p> + “But such pain is sweet.” + </p> + <p> + “It leads the mind astray.” + </p> + <p> + “But it strengthens the heart.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, this love!” cried Rhodopis. “Inspired by Eros, the boy speaks as if + he had been all his life studying under an Attic orator!” + </p> + <p> + “And yet,” answered Croesus, “these lovers are the most unteachable of + pupils. Convince them as clearly as you will, that their passion is only + another word for poison, fire, folly, death, they still cry, ‘Tis sweet,’ + and will not be hindered in their course.” + </p> + <p> + As he was speaking Sappho came in. A white festal robe, with wide sleeves, + and borders of purple embroidery, fell in graceful folds round her + delicate figure, and was confined at the waist by a golden girdle. Her + hair was adorned with fresh roses, and on her bosom lay her lover’s first + gift, the flashing diamond star. + </p> + <p> + She came up modestly and gracefully, and made a low obeisance to the aged + Croesus. His eyes rested long on the maidenly and lovely countenance, and + the longer he gazed the kindlier became his gaze. For a moment he seemed + to grow young again in the visions conjured up by memory, and + involuntarily he went up to the young girl, kissed her affectionately on + the forehead, and, taking her by the hand, led her to Bartja with the + words: “Take her, thy wife she must be, if the entire race of the + Achaemenidae were to conspire against us!” + </p> + <p> + “Have I no voice in the matter?” said Rhodopis, smiling through her tears. + </p> + <p> + On hearing these words, Bartja and Sappho each took one of her hands, and + gazed entreatingly into her face. She rose to her full stature, and like a + prophetess exclaimed: “Eros, who brought you to each other, Zeus and + Apollo defend and protect you. I see you now like two fair roses on one + stem, loving and happy in the spring of life. What summer, autumn and + winter may have in store for you, lies hidden with the gods. May the + shades of thy departed parents, Sappho, smile approvingly when these + tidings of their child shall reach them in the nether world.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ................................. +</pre> + <p> + Three days later a densely packed crowd was once more surging round the + Sais landing-place. This time they had assembled to bid a last farewell to + their king’s daughter, and in this hour the people gave clear tokens that, + in spite of all the efforts of the priestly caste, their hearts remained + loyal to their monarch and his house. For when Amasis and Ladice embraced + Nitetis for the last time with tears—when Tachot, in presence of all + the inhabitants of Sais, following her sister down the broad flight of + steps that led to the river, threw her arms round her neck once more and + burst into sobs—when at last the wind filled the sails of the royal + boat and bore the princess, destined to be the great king’s bride, from + their sight, few eyes among that vast crowd remained dry. + </p> + <p> + The priests alone looked on at this sad scene with unmoved gravity and + coldness; but when the south wind at last bore away the strangers who had + robbed them of their princess, many a curse and execration followed from + the Egyptians on the shore; Tachot alone stood weeping there and waving + her veil to them. For whom were these tears? for the play-fellow of her + youth, or for the handsome, beloved prince? + </p> + <p> + Amasis embraced his wife and daughter in the eyes of all his people; and + held up his little grandson, Prince Necho, to their gaze, the sight + eliciting cries of joy on all sides. But Psamtik, the child’s own father, + stood by the while, tearless and motionless. The king appeared not to + observe him, until Neithotep approached, and leading him to his father, + joined their hands and called down the blessing of the gods upon the royal + house. + </p> + <p> + At this the Egyptians fell on their knees with uplifted hands. Amasis + clasped his son to his heart, and when the high-priest had concluded his + prayer, the following colloquy between the latter and Amasis took place in + low tones: + </p> + <p> + “Let peace be between us for our own and Egypt’s sake!” + </p> + <p> + “Hast thou received Nebenchari’s letter?” + </p> + <p> + “A Samian pirate-vessel is in pursuit of Phanes’ trireme.” + </p> + <p> + “Behold the child of thy predecessor Hophra, the rightful heiress of the + Egyptian throne, departing unhindered to a distant land!” + </p> + <p> + “The works of the Greek temple now building in Memphis shall be + discontinued.” + </p> + <p> + “May Isis grant us peace, and may prosperity and happiness increase in our + land!” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ............................ +</pre> + <p> + The Greek colonists in Naukratis had prepared a feast to celebrate the + departure of their protector’s daughter. + </p> + <p> + Numerous animals had been slaughtered in sacrifice on the altars of the + Greek divinities, and the Nile-boats were greeted with a loud cry of + “Ailinos” on their arrival in the harbor. + </p> + <p> + A bridal wreath, composed of a hoop of gold wound round with scented + violets, was presented to Nitetis by a troop of young girls in holiday + dresses, the act of presentation being performed by Sappho, as the most + beautiful among the maidens of Naukratis. + </p> + <p> + On accepting the gift Nitetis kissed her forehead in token of gratitude. + The triremes were already waiting; she went on board, the rowers took + their oars and began the Keleusma. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The measure of the Keleusma was generally given by a flute-player, + the Trieraules. AEschylus, Persians 403. Laert. Diog. IV. 22. In + the Frogs of Aristophanes the inhabitants of the marshes are made to + sing the Keleusma, v. 205. The melody, to the measure of which the + Greek boatmen usually timed their strokes.] +</pre> + <p> + Ailinos rang across the water from a thousand voices. Bartja stood on the + deck, and waved a last loving farewell to his betrothed; while Sappho + prayed in silence to Aphrodite Euploia, the protectress of those who go + down to the sea in ships. A tear rolled down her cheek, but around her + lips played a smile of love and hope, though her old slave Melitta, who + accompanied her to carry her parasol, was weeping as if her heart would + break. On seeing, however, a few leaves fall from her darling’s wreath, + she forgot her tears for a moment and whispered softly: “Yes, dear heart, + it is easy to see that you are in love; when the leaves fall from a + maiden’s wreath, ‘tis a sure sign that her heart has been touched by Eros. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0012" id="link2HCH0012"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XII. + </h2> + <p> + Seven weeks after Nitetis had quitted her native country, a long train of + equipages and horsemen was to be seen on the king’s highway from the west + to Babylon, moving steadily towards that gigantic city, whose towers might + already be descried in the far distance. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The great road called the “king’s road,” of which we shall have + more to say, was made by Cyrus and carefully kept up by Darius.] +</pre> + <p> + The principal object in this caravan was a richly-gilded, four-wheeled + carriage, closed in at the sides by curtains, and above by a roof + supported on wooden pillars. In this vehicle, called the Harmamaxa, + resting on rich cushions of gold brocade, sat our Egyptian Princess. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Harmamaxa—An Asiatic travelling carriage. The first mention of + these is in Xenophon’s Anabasis, where we find a queen travelling in + such a vehicle. They were later adopted by the Romans and used for + the same object.] +</pre> + <p> + On either side rode her escort, viz.: the Persian princes and nobles whom + we have already learnt to know during their visit to Egypt, Croesus and + his son. + </p> + <p> + Behind these, a long train, consisting of fifty vehicles of different + kinds and six hundred beasts of burden, stretched away into the distance, + and the royal carriage was preceded by a troop of splendidly-mounted + Persian cavalry. + </p> + <p> + The high-road followed the course of the Euphrates, passing through + luxuriant fields of wheat, barley and sesame yielding fruit two, and + sometimes even three, hundred-fold. Slender date-palms covered with golden + fruit were scattered in every direction over the fields, which were + thoroughly irrigated by means of canals and ditches. + </p> + <p> + It was winter, but the sun shone warm and bright from a cloudless sky. The + mighty river swarmed with craft of all sizes, either transporting the + products of Upper Armenia to the plains of Mesopotamia, or the wares of + Greece and Asia Minor from Thapsakus to Babylon. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Thapsakus—An important commercial town on the Euphrates, and the + point of observation from which Eratosthenes took his measurements + of the earth.] +</pre> + <p> + Pumps and water-wheels poured refreshing streams over the thirsty land, + and pretty villages ornamented the shores of the river. Indeed every + object gave evidence that our caravan was approaching the metropolis of a + carefully governed and civilized state. + </p> + <p> + Nitetis and her retinue now halted at a long brick house, roofed with + asphalte, and surrounded by a grove of plane-trees. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Asphalte—Nearly all authorities, ancient as well as modern, report + that bitumen, which is still plentifully found in the neighborhood + of Babylon, was used by the Babylonians as mortar. See, besides the + accounts of ancient writers, W. Vaux, ‘Nineveh and Persepolis’. + Burnt bitumen was used by Assyrians for cement in building.] +</pre> + <p> + Here Croesus was lifted from his horse, and approaching the carriage, + exclaimed: “Here we are at length at the last station! That high tower + which you see on the horizon is the celebrated temple of Bel, next to the + Pyramids, one of the most gigantic works ever constructed by human hands. + Before sunset we shall have reached the brazen gates of Babylon. And now I + would ask you to alight, and let me send your maidens into the house; for + here you must put on Persian apparel, to appear well-pleasing in the eyes + of Cambyses. In a few hours you will stand before your future husband. But + you are pale! Permit your maidens to adorn your cheeks with a color that + shall look like the excitement of joy. A first impression is often a final + one, and this is especially true with regard to Cambyses. If, which I + doubt not, you are pleasing in his eyes at first, then you have won his + love for ever; but if you should displease him to-day he will never look + kindly on you again, for he is rough and harsh. But take courage, my + daughter, and above all, do not forget the advice I have given you.” + Nitetis dried her tears as she answered: “How can I ever thank you, O + Croesus, my second father, my protector and adviser, for all your + goodness? Oh, forsake me not in the days to come! and if the path of my + life should lead through grief and care, be near to help and guide me as + you did on the mountain-passes of this long and dangerous journey. A + thousand times I thank thee, O my father!” + </p> + <p> + And, as she said these words, the young girl threw her arms around the old + man’s neck and kissed him tenderly. + </p> + <p> + On entering the court-yard, a tall stout man, followed by a train of + Asiatic serving-maidens, came forward to meet them. This was Boges, the + chief of the eunuchs, an important official at the Persian court. His + beardless face wore a smile of fulsome sweetness; in his ears hung costly + jewelled pendents; his neck, arms, legs and his effeminately long garments + glittered all over with gold chains and rings, and his crisp, stiff curls, + bound round by a purple fillet, streamed with powerful and penetrating + perfumes. + </p> + <p> + Making a low and reverential obeisance before Nitetis, and holding, the + while, his fat hands overloaded with rings before his mouth, he thus + addressed her: “Cambyses, lord of the world, hath sent me to thee, O + Queen, that I may refresh thy heart with the dew of his salutations. He + sendeth thee likewise by me, even by me the lowest of his servants, + Persian raiment, that thou, as befitteth the consort of the mightiest of + all rulers, mayest approach the gates of the Achaemenidae in Median + garments. These women whom thou seest are thy handmaidens, and only await + thy bidding to transform thee from an Egyptian jewel into a Persian + pearl.” + </p> + <p> + The master of the caravansary then appeared, bearing, in token of welcome, + a basket of fruits arranged with great taste. + </p> + <p> + Nitetis returned her thanks to both these men in kind and friendly words; + then entering the house laid aside the dress and ornaments of her native + land, weeping as she did so, allowed the strangers to unloose the plait of + hair which hung down at the left side of her head, and was the distinctive + mark of an Egyptian princess, and to array her in Median garments. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [In almost all the Egyptian pictures, the daughters and sons of the + Pharaohs are represented with these locks of hair, plaited and + reaching from the forehead to the neck. Rosellini, Mon. stor. II. + 123. Lepsius, Denkmaler. The daughter of Rameses II. is drawn + thus, and we have examples of the same in many other pictures.] +</pre> + <p> + In the meantime, a repast had been commanded by the princes who + accompanied her. Eager and agile attendants rushed to the baggage-waggons, + fetching thence, in a few moments, seats, tables, and golden utensils of + all kinds. The cooks vied with them and with each other, and as if by + magic, in a short space of time a richly-adorned banquet for the hungry + guests appeared, at which even the flowers were not wanting. + </p> + <p> + During the entire journey our travellers had lived in a similar luxury, as + their beasts of burden carried every imaginable convenience, from tents of + water-proof materials inwrought with gold, down to silver foot-stools; and + in the vehicles which composed their train were not only bakers, cooks, + cup-bearers and carvers, but perfumers, hair-dressers and weavers of + garlands. Beside these conveniences, a well-fitted up caravansary, or inn, + was to be found about every eighteen miles along the whole route, where + disabled horses could be replaced, the plantations around which afforded a + refreshing shelter from the noonday heat, or their hearths a refuge from + the snow and cold on the mountain-passes. + </p> + <p> + The kingdom of Persia was indebted for these inns (similar to the + post-stations of modern days) to Cyrus, who had endeavored to connect the + widely-distant provinces of his immense dominions by a system of well-kept + roads, and a regular postal service. At each of these stations the + horseman carrying the letter-bag was relieved by a fresh man on a fresh + steed, to whom the letters were transferred, and who, in his turn, darted + off like the wind, to be again replaced at a similar distance by another + rider. These couriers, called Angari, were considered the swiftest + horsemen in the world. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Herodotus V. 14. 49-52. Persian milestones are still to be found + among the ruins of the old king’s road, which led from Nineveh to + Ecbatana. The Kurds call them keli-Shin (blue pillars).] +</pre> + <p> + Just as the banqueters, amongst whom Boges had taken his seat, were rising + from table, the door opened, and a vision appeared, which drew prolonged + exclamation of surprise from all the Persians present. Nitetis, clad in + the glorious apparel of a Median princess, proud in the consciousness of + her triumphant beauty, and yet blushing like a young girl at the wondering + admiration of her friends, stood before them. + </p> + <p> + The attendants involuntarily fell on their faces before her, according to + the custom of the Asiatics, and the noble Achaemenidae bowed low and + reverentially; for it seemed as if Nitetis has laid aside all her former + bashfulness and timidity with her simple Egyptian dress, and with the + splendid silken garments of a Persian princess, flashing as they were with + gold and jewels, had clothed herself in the majesty of a queen. + </p> + <p> + The deep reverence paid by all present seemed agreeable to her, and + thanking her admiring friends by a gracious wave of the hand, she turned + to the chief of the eunuchs and said in a kind tone but mingled with a + touch of pride; “Thou hast performed thy mission well; I am content with + the raiment and the slaves that thou hast provided and shall commend thy + circumspection to the king, my husband. Receive this gold chain in the + meanwhile, as a token of my gratitude.” + </p> + <p> + The eunuch kissed the hem of her garment, and accepted the gift in + silence. This man, hitherto omnipotent in his office, had never before + encountered such pride in any of the women committed to his charge. Up to + the present time all Cambyses’ wives had been Asiatics, and, well aware of + the unlimited power of the chief of the eunuchs, had used every means + within their reach to secure his favor by flattery and submission. + </p> + <p> + Boges now made a second obeisance before Nitetis, of which, however, she + took no notice, and turning to Croesus said: “Neither words nor gifts + could ever suffice to express my gratitude to you, kindest of friends, + for, if my future life at the court of Persia prove, I will not venture to + say a happy, but even a peaceful one, it is to you alone that I shall owe + it. Still, take this ring. It has never left my finger since I quitted + Egypt, and it has a significance far beyond its outward worth. Pythagoras, + the noblest of the Greeks, gave it to my mother, when he was tarrying in + Egypt to learn the wisdom of our priests, and it was her parting gift to + me. The number seven is engraved upon the simple stone. This indivisible + number represents perfect health, both to soul and body for health is + likewise one and indivisible. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Seven, the “motherless” number, which has no factor below ten.] +</pre> + <p> + The sickness of one member is the sickness of all; one evil thought, + allowed to take up its abode within our heart, destroys the entire harmony + of the soul. When you see this seven therefore, let it recall my heart’s + wish that you may ever enjoy undisturbed bodily health, and long retain + that loving gentleness which has made you the most virtuous, and therefore + the healthiest of men. No thanks, my father, for even if I could restore + to Croesus all the treasures that he once possessed, I should still + retrain his debtor. Gyges, to you I give this Lydian lyre; let its tones + recall the giver to your memory. For you, Zopyrus, I have a golden chain; + I have witnessed that you are the most faithful of friends; and we + Egyptians are accustomed to place cords and bands in the hands of our + lovely Hathor, the goddess of love and friendship, as symbols of her + captivating and enchaining attributes. As Darius has studied the wisdom of + Egypt and the signs of the starry heavens, I beg him to take this circlet + of gold, on which a skilful hand has traced the signs of the Zodiac. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Diodorus (I. 49.) tells, that in the tomb of Osymandyas (palace of + Rameses II. at Thebes) there lay a circle of gold, one ell thick and + 365 ells in circumference, containing a complete astronomical + calendar. The circle of the zodiac from Dendera, which is now in + Paris,—an astronomical ceiling painting, which was believed at the + time of its discovery to be of great age, is not nearly so ancient + as was supposed, dating only from the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty. + Letronne was the first to estimate it correctly. See Lepsius, + Chron. p.63. and Lauth, ‘les zodiaques de Dendera’. Munich 1865.] +</pre> + <p> + And lastly, to my dear brother-in-law Bartja I commit the most precious + jewel in my possession—this amulet of blue stone. My sister Tachot + hung it round my neck as I kissed her on the last night before we parted; + she told me it could bring to its wearer the sweet bliss of love. And + then, Bartja, she wept! I do not know of whom she was thinking in that + moment, but I hope I am acting according to her wishes in giving you her + precious jewel. Take it as a gift from Tachot, and sometimes call to mind + our games in the Sais gardens.” + </p> + <p> + Thus far she had been speaking Greek, but now, addressing the attendants + who remained standing in an attitude of deep reverence, she began in + broken Persian: “Accept my thanks also. In Babylon you shall receive a + thousand gold staters.” Then turning to Boges, she added: “Let this sum be + distributed among the attendants at latest by the day after to-morrow. + Take me to my carriage, Croesus.” + </p> + <p> + The old king hastened to do her bidding, and as he was leading her thither + she pressed his arm and whispered gently, “Are you pleased with me, my + father?” + </p> + <p> + “I tell you, girl,” the old man answered, “that no one but the king’s + mother can ever be your equal at this court, for a true and queenly pride + reigns on your brow, and you have the power of using small means to effect + great ends. Believe me, the smallest gift, chosen and bestowed as you can + choose and bestow, gives more pleasure to a noble mind than heaps of + treasure merely cast down at his feet. The Persians are accustomed to + present and receive costly gifts. They understand already how to enrich + their friends, but you can teach them to impart a joy with every gift. How + beautiful you are to-day! Are your cushions to your mind, or would you + like a higher seat? But what is that? There are clouds of dust in the + direction of the city. Cambyses is surely coming to meet you! Courage, my + daughter. Above all try to meet his gaze and respond to it. Very few can + bear the lightning glance of those eyes, but, if you can return it freely + and fearlessly, you have conquered. Fear nothing, my child, and may + Aphrodite adorn you with her most glorious beauty! My friends, we must + start, I think the king himself is coming.” Nitetis sat erect in her + splendid, gilded carriage; her hands were pressed on her throbbing heart. + The clouds of dust came nearer and nearer, her eye caught the flash of + weapons like lightning across a stormy sky. The clouds parted, she could + see single figures for a moment, but soon lost them as the road wound + behind some thickets and shrubs. Suddenly the troop of horsemen appeared + in full gallop only a hundred paces before her, and distinctly visible. + </p> + <p> + Her first impression was of a motley mass of steeds and men, glittering in + purple, gold, silver and jewels. It consisted in reality of a troop of + more than two hundred horsemen mounted on pure white Nicaean horses, whose + bridles and saddle-cloths were covered with bells and bosses, feathers, + fringes, and embroidery. Their leader rode a powerful coal-black charger, + which even the strong will and hand of his rider could not always curb, + though in the end his enormous strength proved him the man to tame even + this fiery animal. This rider, beneath whose weight the powerful steed + trembled and panted, wore a vesture of scarlet and white, thickly + embroidered with eagles and falcons in silver. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Curtius III. 3. Xenoph. Cyrap, VIII. 3. 7. Aeschylus, Persians + 835. 836. The king’s dress and ornaments were worth 12,000 talents, + or L2,250,000 (estimate of 1880) according to Plutarch, Artaxerxes + 24.] +</pre> + <p> + The lower part of his dress was purple, and his boots of yellow leather. + He wore a golden girdle; in this hung a short dagger-like sword, the hilt + and scabbard of which were thickly studded with jewels. The remaining + ornaments of his dress resembled those we have described as worn by + Bartja, and the blue and white fillet of the Achaemenidae was bound around + the tiara, which surmounted a mass of thick curls, black as ebony. The + lower part of his face was concealed by an immense beard. His features + were pale and immovable, but the eyes, (more intensely black, if possible, + than either hair or beard), glowed with a fire that was rather scorching + than warming. A deep, fiery-red scar, given by the sword of a Massagetan + warrior, crossed his high forehead, arched nose and thin upper lip. His + whole demeanor expressed great power and unbounded pride. + </p> + <p> + Nitetis’ gaze was at once riveted by this man. She had never seen any one + like him before, and he exercised a strange fascination over her. The + expression of indomitable pride, worn by his features, seemed to her to + represent a manly nature which the whole world, but she herself above all + others, was created to serve. She felt afraid, and yet her true woman’s + heart longed to lean upon his strength as the vine upon the elm. She could + not be quite sure whether she had thus pictured to herself the father of + all evil, the fearful Seth, or the great god Ammon, the giver of light. + </p> + <p> + The deepest pallor and the brightest color flitted by turns across her + lovely face, like the light and shadow when clouds pass swiftly over a + sunny noonday sky. She had quite forgotten the advice of her fatherly old + friend, and yet, when Cambyses brought his unruly, chafing steed to a + stand by the side of her carriage, she gazed breathless into the fiery + eyes of this man and felt at once that he was the king, though no one had + told her so. + </p> + <p> + The stern face of this ruler of half the known world relaxed, as Nitetis, + moved by an unaccountable impulse, continued to bear his piercing gaze. At + last he waved his hand to her in token of welcome, and then rode on to her + escort, who had alighted from their horses and were awaiting him, some + having cast themselves down in the dust, and others, after the Persian + manner, standing in an attitude of deep reverence, their hands concealed + in the wide sleeves of their robes. + </p> + <p> + He sprang from his horse, an example which was followed at once by his + entire suite. The attendants, with the speed of thought, spread a rich + purple carpet on the highway, lest the foot of the king should come in + contact with the dust of the earth, and then Cambyses proceeded to salute + his friends and relations by offering them his mouth to kiss. + </p> + <p> + He shook Croesus by the right hand, commanding him to remount and + accompany him to the carriage, as interpreter between himself and Nitetis. + </p> + <p> + In an instant his highest office-bearers were at hand to lift the king + once more on to his horse, and at a single nod from their lord, the train + was again in motion. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses and Croesus rode by the side of the carriage. + </p> + <p> + “She is beautiful, and pleases me well,” began the king. “Interpret + faithfully all her answers, for I understand only the Persian, Assyrian + and Median tongues.” + </p> + <p> + Nitetis caught and understood these words. A feeling of intense joy stole + into her heart, and before Croesus could answer, she began softly in + broken Persian and blushing deeply: “Blessed be the gods, who have caused + me to find favor in thine eyes. I am not ignorant of the speech of my + lord, for the noble Croesus has instructed me in the Persian language + during our long journey. Forgive, if my sentences be broken and imperfect; + the time was short, and my capacity only that of a poor and simple + maiden.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Diodorus tells us that Themistocles learnt the Persian language + during the journey to Susa. We are not, therefore, requiring an + impossibility of Nitetis.] +</pre> + <p> + A smile passed over the usually serious mouth of Cambyses. His vanity was + flattered by Nitetis’ desire to win his approbation, and, accustomed as he + was to see women grow up in idleness and ignorance, thinking of nothing + but finery and intrigue, her persevering industry seemed to him both + wonderful and praise worthy. So he answered with evident satisfaction: “I + rejoice that we can speak without an interpreter. Persevere in learning + the beautiful language of my forefathers. Croesus, who sits at my table, + shall still remain your instructor.” + </p> + <p> + “Your command confers happiness!” exclaimed the old man. “No more eager or + thankful pupil could be found, than the daughter of Amasis.” + </p> + <p> + “She justifies the ancient report of the wisdom of Egypt,” answered the + king, “and I can believe that she will quickly understand and receive into + her soul the religious instructions of our Magi.” + </p> + <p> + Nitetis dropped her earnest gaze. Her fears were being realized. She would + be compelled to serve strange gods. + </p> + <p> + But her emotion passed unnoticed by Cambyses, who went on speaking: “My + mother Kassandane will tell you the duties expected from my wives. + To-morrow I myself will lead you to her. The words, which you innocently + chanced to hear, I now repeat; you please me well. Do nothing to alienate + my affection. We will try to make our country agreeable, and, as your + friend, I counsel you to treat Boges whom I sent as my forerunner, in a + kind and friendly manner. As head over the house of the women, you will + have to conform to his will in many things.” + </p> + <p> + “Though he be head over the house of the women,” answered Nitetis, “surely + your wife is bound to obey no other earthly will than yours. Your + slightest look shall be for me a command; but remember that I am a king’s + daughter, that in my native land the weaker and the stronger sex have + equal rights, and that the same pride reigns in my breast, which I see + kindling in your eyes, my lord and king! My obedience to you, my husband + and my ruler, shall be that of a slave, but I can never stoop to sue for + the favor, or obey the orders of a venal servant, the most unmanly of his + kind!” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses’ wonder and satisfaction increased. He had never heard any woman + speak in this way before, except his mother; the clever way in which + Nitetis acknowledged, and laid stress on, his right to command her every + act, was very flattering to his self-love, and her pride found an echo in + his own haughty disposition. He nodded approvingly and answered: “You have + spoken well. A separate dwelling shall be appointed you. I, and no one + else, will prescribe your rules of life and conduct. This day the pleasant + palace on the hanging-gardens shall be prepared for your reception.” + </p> + <p> + “A thousand, thousand thanks,” cried Nitetis. “You little know the + blessing you are bestowing in this permission. Again and again I have + begged your brother Bartja to repeat the story of these gardens, and the + love of the king who raised that verdant and blooming hill, pleased us + better than all the other glories of your vast domains.” + </p> + <p> + “To-morrow,” answered the king, “you can enter your new abode. But tell me + now how my messengers pleased you and your countrymen.” + </p> + <p> + “How can you ask? Who could know the noble Croesus without loving him? Who + could fail to admire the beauty of the young heroes, your friends? They + have all become dear to us, but your handsome brother Bartja especially, + won all hearts. The Egyptians have no love for strangers, and yet the + gaping crowd would burst into a murmur of admiration, when his beautiful + face appeared among them.” + </p> + <p> + At these words the king’s brow darkened; he struck his horse so sharply + that the creature reared, and then turning it quickly round he gallopped + to the front and soon reached the walls of Babylon. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ........................... +</pre> + <p> + Though Nitetis had been brought up among the huge temples and palaces of + Egypt, she was still astonished at the size and grandeur of this gigantic + city. + </p> + <p> + Its walls seemed impregnable; they measured more than seventy-five feet—[Fifty + ells. The Greek ell is equal to one foot and a half English.]—in + height and their breadth was so great, that two chariots could + conveniently drive abreast upon them. These mighty defences were crowned + and strengthened by two hundred and fifty high towers, and even these + would have been insufficient, if Babylon had not been protected on one + side by impassable morasses. The gigantic city lay on both shores of the + Euphrates. It was more than forty miles in circumference, and its walls + enclosed buildings surpassing in size and grandeur even the Pyramids and + the temples of Thebes. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [These numbers and measurements are taken partly from Herodotus, + partly from Diodorus, Strabo and Arrian. And even the ruins of this + giant city, writes Lavard, are such as to allow a very fair + conclusion of its enormous size. Aristotle (Polit. III. I.) says + Babylon’s dimensions were not those of a city, but of a nation.] +</pre> + <p> + The mighty gates of brass, through which the royal train entered the city, + had opened wide to receive this noble company. This entrance was defended + on each side by a strong tower, and before each of these towers lay, as + warder, a gigantic winged bull carved in stone, with a human head, bearded + and solemn. Nitetis gazed at these gates in astonishment, and then a + joyful smile lighted up her face, as she looked up the long broad street + so brightly and beautifully decorated to welcome her. + </p> + <p> + The moment they beheld the king and the gilded carriage, the multitude + burst into loud shouts of joy, but when Bartja, the people’s darling, came + in sight, the shouts rose to thunder-peals and shrieks of delight, which + seemed as if they would never end. It was long since the populace had seen + Cambyses, for in accordance with Median customs the king seldom appeared + in public. Like the Deity, he was to govern invisibly, and his occasional + appearance before the nation to be looked upon as a festival and occasion + of rejoicing. Thus all Babylon had come out to-day to look upon their + awful ruler and to welcome their favorite Bartja on his return. The + windows were crowded with eager, curious women, who threw flowers before + the approaching train, or poured sweet perfumes from above as they passed + by. The pavement was thickly strewn with myrtle and palm branches, trees + of different kinds had been placed before the house-doors, carpets and gay + cloths hung from the windows, garlands of flowers were wreathed from house + to house, fragrant odors of incense and sandal-wood perfumed the air, and + the way was lined with thousands of gaping Babylonians dressed in white + linen shirts, gaily-colored woollen petticoats and short cloaks, and + carrying long staves headed with pomegranates, birds, or roses, of gold or + silver. + </p> + <p> + The streets through which the procession moved were broad and straight, + the houses on either side, built of brick, tall and handsome. Towering + above every thing else, and visible from all points, rose the gigantic + temple of Bel. Its colossal staircase, like a huge serpent, wound round + and round the ever-diminishing series of stories composing the tower, + until it reached the summit crowned by the sanctuary itself. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This temple of Bel, which many consider may have been the tower of + Babel of Genesis XI., is mentioned by Herodotus I. 181. 182. 183. + Diodorus II. 8. 9. (Ktesias), Strabo 738 and many other ancient + writers. The people living in its neighborhood now call the ruins + Birs Nimrod, the castle of Nimrod. In the text we have + reconstructed it as far as possible from the accounts of classical + writers. The first story, which is still standing, in the midst of + a heap of ruins, is 260 feet high. The walls surrounding the tower + are said to be still clearly recognizable, and were 4000 feet long + and 3000 broad. ] +</pre> + <p> + The procession approached the royal palace. This corresponded in its + enormous size to the rest of the vast city. The walls surrounding it were + covered with gaily-colored and glazed representations of strange figures + made up of human beings, birds, quadrupeds and fishes; hunting-scenes, + battles and solemn processions. By the side of the river towards the + north, rose the hanging-gardens, and the smaller palace lay toward the + east on the other bank of the Euphrates, connected with the larger one by + the wondrous erection, a firm bridge of stone. + </p> + <p> + Our train passed on through the brazen gates of three of the walls + surrounding the palace, and then halted. Nitetis was lifted from her + carriage by bearers; she was at last in her new home, and soon after in + the apartments of the women’s house assigned to her temporary use. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses, Bartja and their friends already known to us, were still + standing in the gaily-carpeted court of the palace, surrounded by at least + a hundred splendid dignitaries in magnificent dresses, when suddenly a + sound of loud female voices was heard, and a lovely Persian girl richly + dressed, her thick fair hair profusely wreathed with pearls, rushed into + the court, pursued by several women older than herself. She ran up to the + group of men; Cambyses with a smile placed himself in her path, but the + impetuous girl slipped adroitly past him, and in another moment was + hanging on Bartja’s neck, crying and laughing by turns. + </p> + <p> + The attendants in pursuit prostrated themselves at a respectful distance, + but Cambyses, on seeing the caresses lavished by the young girl on her + newly-returned brother, cried: “For shame, Atossa! remember that since you + began to wear ear-rings you have ceased to be a child! + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Ear-rings were given to the Persian girls in their fifteenth year, + the marriageable age. Vendid. Farlard XIV. 66. At this age too + boys as well as girls were obliged to wear the sacred cord, Kuctl or + Kosti as a girdle; and were only allowed to unloose it in the night. + The making of this cord is attended with many ceremonies, even among + the Persians of our own day. Seventy-two threads must be employed, + but black wool is prohibited.] +</pre> + <p> + It is right that you should rejoice to see your brother again, but a + king’s daughter must never forget what is due to her rank, even in her + greatest joy. Go back to your mother directly. I see your attendants + waiting yonder. Go and tell them, that as this is a day of rejoicing I + will allow your heedless conduct to pass unpunished, but the next time you + appear unbidden in these apartments, which none may enter without + permission, I shall tell Boges to keep you twelve days in confinement. + Remember this, thoughtless child, and tell our mother, Bartja and I are + coming to visit her. Now give me a kiss. You will not? We shall see, + capricious little one!” And so saying the king sprang towards his + refractory little sister, and seizing both her hands in one of his own, + bent back her charming head with the other and kissed her in spite of her + resistance. She screamed from the violence of his grasp, and ran away + crying to her attendants, who took her back to her apartments. + </p> + <p> + When Atossa had disappeared, Bartja said; “You were too rough with the + little one, Cambyses. She screamed with pain!” + </p> + <p> + Once more the king’s face clouded, but suppressing the harsh words which + trembled on his lips, he only answered, turning towards the house: “Let us + come to our mother now; she begged me to bring you as soon as you arrived. + The women, as usual, are all impatience. Nitetis told me your rosy cheeks + and fair curls had bewitched the Egyptian women too. I would advise you to + pray betimes to Mithras for eternal youth, and for his protection against + the wrinkles of age!” + </p> + <p> + “Do you mean to imply by these words that I have no virtues which could + make an old age beautiful?” asked Bartja. + </p> + <p> + “I explain my words to no one. Come.” + </p> + <p> + “But I ask for an opportunity of proving, that I am inferior to none of my + nation in manly qualities.” + </p> + <p> + “For that matter, the shouts of the Babylonians today will have been proof + enough, that deeds are not wanted from you, in order to win their + admiration.” + </p> + <p> + “Cambyses!” + </p> + <p> + “Now come! We are just on the eve of a war with the Massagetae; there you + will have a good opportunity of proving what you are worth.” + </p> + <p> + A few minutes later, and Bartja was in the arms of his blind mother. She + had been waiting for her darling’s arrival with a beating heart, and in + the joy of hearing his voice once more, and of being able to lay her hands + again on that beloved head, she forgot everything else—even her + first-born son who stood by smiling bitterly, as he watched the rich and + boundless stream of a mother’s love flowing out to his younger brother. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses had been spoiled from his earliest infancy. Every wish had been + fulfilled, every look regarded as a command; and thus he grew up totally + unable to brook contradiction, giving way to the most violent anger if any + of his subjects (and he knew no human beings who were not his subjects) + dared to oppose him. + </p> + <p> + His father Cyrus, conqueror of half the world—the man whose genius + had raised Persia from a small nation to the summit of earthly greatness—who + had secured for himself the reverence and admiration of countless + subjugated tribes—this great king was incapable of carrying out in + his own small family-circle the system of education he had so successfully + adopted towards entire countries. He could see nought else in Cambyses but + the future king of Persia, and commanded his subjects to pay him an + unquestioning obedience, entirely forgetful of the fact that he who is to + govern well must begin by learning to obey. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses had been the first-born son of Kassandane, the wife whom Cyrus + had loved and married young; three daughters followed, and at last, + fifteen years later, Bartja had come into the world. Their eldest son had + already outgrown his parents’ caresses, when this little child appeared to + engross all their care and love. His gentle, affectionate and clinging + nature made him the darling of both father and mother: Cambyses was + treated with consideration by his parents, but their love was for Bartja. + Cambyses was brave; he distinguished himself often in the field, but his + disposition was haughty and imperious; men served him with fear and + trembling, while Bartja, ever sociable and sympathizing, converted all his + companions into loving friends. As to the mass of the people, they feared + the king, and trembled when he drew near, notwithstanding the lavish + manner in which he showered rich gifts around him; but they loved Bartja, + and believed they saw in him the image of the great Cyrus the “Father of + his people.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses knew well that all this love, so freely given to Bartja, was not + to be bought. He did not hate his younger brother, but he felt annoyed + that a youth who had as yet done nothing to distinguish himself, should be + honored and revered as if he were already a hero and public benefactor. + Whatever annoyed or displeased him he considered must be wrong; where he + disapproved he did not spare his censures, and from his very childhood, + Cambyses’ reproofs had been dreaded even by the mighty. + </p> + <p> + The enthusiastic shouts of the populace, the overflowing love of his + mother and sister, and above all, the warm encomiums expressed by Nitetis, + had excited a jealousy which his pride had never allowed hitherto. Nitetis + had taken his fancy in a remarkable degree. This daughter of a powerful + monarch, like himself disdaining everything mean and inferior, had yet + acknowledged him to be her superior, and to win his favor had not shrunk + from the laborious task of mastering his native language. These qualities, + added to her peculiar style of beauty, which excited his admiration from + its rare novelty, half Egyptian half Greek, (her mother having been a + Greek), had not failed to make a deep impression on him. But she had been + liberal in her praise of Bartja; that was enough to disturb Cambyses’ mind + and prepare the way for jealousy. + </p> + <p> + As he and his brother were leaving the women’s apartments, Cambyses + adopted a hasty resolution and exclaimed: “You asked me just now for an + opportunity of proving your courage. I will not refuse. The Tapuri have + risen; I have sent troops to the frontier. Go to Rhagae, take the command + and show what you are worth.” + </p> + <p> + “Thanks, brother,” cried Bartja. “May I take my friends, Darius, Gyges and + Zopyrus with me?” + </p> + <p> + “That favor shall be granted too. I hope you will all do your duty bravely + and promptly, that you may be back in three months to join the main army + in the expedition of revenge on the Massagetae. It will take place in + spring.” + </p> + <p> + “I will start to-morrow.” + </p> + <p> + “Then farewell.” + </p> + <p> + “If Auramazda should spare my life and I should return victorious, will + you promise to grant me one favor?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, I will.” + </p> + <p> + “Now, then, I feel confident of victory, even if I should have to stand + with a thousand men against ten thousand of the enemy.” Bartja’s eyes + sparkled, he was thinking of Sappho. + </p> + <p> + “Well,” answered his brother, “I shall be very glad if your actions bear + out these glowing words. But stop; I have something more to say. You are + now twenty years of age; you must marry. Roxana, daughter of the noble + Hydarnes, is marriageable, and is said to be beautiful. Her birth makes + her a fitting bride for you.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh! brother, do not speak of marriage; I...” “You must marry, for I have + no children.” + </p> + <p> + “But you are still young; you will not remain childless. Besides, I do not + say that I will never marry. Do not be angry, but just now, when I am to + prove my courage, I would rather hear nothing about women.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, then, you must marry Roxana when you return from the North. But I + should advise you to take her with you to the field. A Persian generally + fights better if he knows that, beside his most precious treasures, he has + a beautiful woman in his tent to defend.” + </p> + <p> + “Spare me this one command, my brother. I conjure thee, by the soul of our + father, not to inflict on me a wife of whom I know nothing, and never wish + to know. Give Roxana to Zopyrus, who is so fond of women, or to Darius or + Bessus, who are related to her father Hydarnes. I cannot love her, and + should be miserable...” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses interrupted him with a laugh, exclaiming: “Did you learn these + notions in Egypt, where it is the custom to be contented with one wife? In + truth, I have long repented having sent a boy like you abroad. I am not + accustomed to bear contradiction, and shall listen to no excuses after the + war. This once I will allow you to go to the field without a wife. I will + not force you to do what, in your opinion, might endanger your valor. But + it seems to me that you have other and more secret reasons for refusing my + brotherly proposal. If that is the case, I am sorry for you. However, for + the present, you can depart, but after the war I will hear no + remonstrances. You know me.” + </p> + <p> + “Perhaps after the war I may ask for the very thing, which I am refusing + now—but never for Roxana! It is just as unwise to try to make a man + happy by force as it is wicked to compel him to be unhappy, and I thank + you for granting my request.” + </p> + <p> + “Don’t try my powers of yielding too often!—How happy you look! I + really believe you are in love with some one woman by whose side all the + others have lost their charms.” + </p> + <p> + Bartja blushed to his temples, and seizing his brother’s hand, exclaimed: + “Ask no further now, accept my thanks once more, and farewell. May I bid + Nitetis farewell too, when I have taken leave of our mother and Atossa?” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses bit his lip, looked searchingly into Bartja’s face, and finding + that the boy grew uneasy under his glance, exclaimed abruptly and angrily: + “Your first business is to hasten to the Tapuri. My wife needs your care + no longer; she has other protectors now.” So saying he turned his back on + his brother and passed on into the great hall, blazing with gold, purple + and jewels, where the chiefs of the army, satraps, judges, treasurers, + secretaries, counsellors, eunuchs, door-keepers, introducers of strangers, + chamberlains, keepers of the wardrobe, dressers, cup-bearers, equerries, + masters of the chase, physicians, eyes and ears of the king, ambassadors + and plenipotentiaries of all descriptions—were in waiting for him. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The “eyes and ears” of the king may be compared to our police- + ministers. Darius may have borrowed the name from Egypt, where such + titles as “the 2 eyes of the king for Upper Egypt, the 2 ears of the + king for Lower Egypt” are to be found on the earlier monuments, for + instance in the tomb of Amen en, heb at Abd el Qurnah. And in + Herodotus II. 114. the boy Cyrus calls one of his playfellows “the + eye of the king,” Herod. (I, 100.)] +</pre> + <p> + The king was preceded by heralds bearing staves, and followed by a host of + fan, sedan and footstool-bearers, men carrying carpets, and secretaries + who the moment he uttered a command, or even indicated a concession, a + punishment or a reward, hastened to note it down and at once hand it over + to the officials empowered to execute his decrees. + </p> + <p> + In the middle of the brilliantly-lighted hall stood a gilded table, which + looked as if it must give way beneath the mass of gold and silver vessels, + plates, cups and bowls which were arranged with great order upon it. The + king’s private table, the service on which was of immense worth and + beauty, was placed in an apartment opening out of the large hall, and + separated from it by purple hangings. These concealed him from the gaze of + the revellers, but did not prevent their every movement from being watched + by his eye. It was an object of the highest ambition to be one of those + who ate at the king’s table, and even he to whom a portion was sent might + deem himself a highly-favored man. + </p> + <p> + As Cambyses entered the hall, nearly every one present prostrated + themselves before him; his relations alone, distinguished by the blue and + white fillet on the tiara, contented themselves with a deferential + obeisance. + </p> + <p> + After the king had seated himself in his private apartment, the rest of + the company took their places, and then a tremendous revel began. Animals, + roasted whole, were placed on the table, and, when hunger was appeased, + several courses of the rarest delicacies followed, celebrated in later + times even among the Greeks under the name of “Persian dessert.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Herodotus (I. 133.) writes that the Persians fancied the Greeks’ + hunger was never satisfied, because nothing special was brought to + the table at the end of the meal.] +</pre> + <p> + Slaves then entered to remove the remains of the food. Others brought in + immense jugs of wine, the king left his own apartment, took his seat at + the head of the table, numerous cup-bearers filled the golden + drinking-cups in the most graceful manner, first tasting the wine to prove + that it was free from poison, and soon one of those drinking-bouts had + begun under the best auspices, at which, a century or two later, Alexander + the Great, forgot not only moderation but even friendship itself. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses was unwontedly silent. The suspicion had entered his mind, that + Bartja loved Nitetis. Why had he, contrary to all custom, so decidedly + refused to marry a noble and beautiful girl, when his brother’s + childlessness rendered marriage an evident and urgent duty for him? Why + had he wished to see the Egyptian princess again before leaving Babylon? + and blushed as he expressed that wish? and why had she, almost without + being asked, praised him so warmly? + </p> + <p> + It is well that he is going, thought the king; at least he shall not rob + me of her love. If he were not my brother I would send him to a place from + whence none can return. + </p> + <p> + After midnight he broke up the banquet. Boges appeared to conduct him to + the Harem, which he was accustomed to visit at this hour, when + sufficiently sober. + </p> + <p> + “Phaedime awaits you with impatience,” said the eunuch. + </p> + <p> + “Let her wait!” was the king’s answer. “Have you given orders that the + palace on the hanging-gardens shall be set in order?” + </p> + <p> + “It will be ready for occupation to-morrow.” + </p> + <p> + “What apartments have been assigned to the Egyptian Princess?” + </p> + <p> + “Those formerly occupied by the second wife of your father Cyrus, the + deceased Amytis.” + </p> + <p> + “That is well. Nitetis is to be treated with the greatest respect, and to + receive no commands even from yourself, but such as I give you for her.” + </p> + <p> + Boges bowed low. + </p> + <p> + “See that no one, not even Croesus, has admission to her before my.... + before I give further orders.” + </p> + <p> + “Croesus was with her this evening.” + </p> + <p> + “What may have been his business with my wife?” + </p> + <p> + “I do not know, for I do not understand the Greek language, but I heard + the name of Bartja several times, and it seemed to me that the Egyptian + had received sorrowful intelligence. She was looking very sad when I came, + after Croesus had left, to inquire if she had any commands for me.” + </p> + <p> + “May Ahriman blast thy tongue,” muttered the king, and then turning his + back on the eunuch he followed the torch-bearers and attendants, who were + in waiting to disrobe him, to his own private apartments. + </p> + <p> + At noon on the following clay, Bartja, accompanied by his friends and a + troop of attendants, started on horseback for the frontier. Croesus went + with the young warriors as far as the city gates, and as their last + farewells and embraces were being exchanged, Bartja whispered to his old + friend: “If the messenger from Egypt should have a letter for me in his + bag, will you send it on?” + </p> + <p> + “Shall you be able to decipher the Greek writing?” + </p> + <p> + “Gyges and love will help me!” + </p> + <p> + “When I told Nitetis of your departure she begged me to wish you farewell, + and tell you not to forget Egypt.” + </p> + <p> + “I am not likely to do that.” + </p> + <p> + “The gods take thee into their care, my son. Be prudent, do not risk your + life heedlessly, but remember that it is no longer only your own. Exercise + the gentleness of a father towards the rebels; they did not rise in mere + self-will, but to gain their freedom, the most precious possession of + mankind. Remember, too, that to shew mercy is better than to shed blood; + the sword killeth, but the favor of the ruler bringeth joy and happiness. + Conclude the war as speedily as possible, for war is a perversion of + nature; in peace the sons outlive the fathers, but in war the fathers live + to mourn for their slain sons. Farewell, my young heroes, go forward and + conquer!” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0013" id="link2HCH0013"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XIII. + </h2> + <p> + Cambyses passed a sleepless night. The feeling of jealousy, so totally new + to him, increased his desire to possess Nitetis, but he dared not take her + as his wife yet, as the Persian law forbade the king to marry a foreign + wife, until she had become familiar with the customs of Iran and confessed + herself a disciple of Zoroaster. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Zoroaster, really Zarathustra or Zerethoschtro, was one of the + `greatest among founders of new religions and lawgivers. His name + signified “golden star” according to Anquetil du Perron. But this + interpretation is as doubtful, as the many others which have been + attempted. An appropriate one is given in the essay by Kern quoted + below, from zara golden, and thwistra glittering; thus “the gold + glittering one.” It is uncertain whether he was born in Bactria, + Media or Persia, Anquetil thinks in Urmi, a town in Aderbaijan. His + father’s name was Porosehasp, his mother’s Dogdo, and his family + boasted of royal descent. The time of his birth is very,—Spiegel + says “hopelessly”—dark. Anquetil, and many other scholars would + place it in the reign of Darius, a view which has been proved to be + incorrect by Spiegel, Duncker and v. Schack in his introduction.] +</pre> + <p> + According to this law a whole year must pass before Nitetis could become + the wife of a Persian monarch? but what was the law to Cambyses? In his + eyes the law was embodied in his own person, and in his opinion three + months would be amply sufficient to initiate Nitetis in the Magian + mysteries, after which process she could become his bride. + </p> + <p> + To-day his other wives seemed hateful, even loathsome, to him. From + Cambyses’ earliest youth his house had been carefully provided with women. + Beautiful girls from all parts of Asia, black-eyed Armenians, dazzlingly + fair maidens from the Caucasus, delicate girls from the shores of the + Ganges, luxurious Babylonian women, golden-haired Persians and the + effeminate daughters of the Median plains; indeed many of the noblest + Achaemenidae had given him their daughters in marriage. + </p> + <p> + Phaedime, the daughter of Otanes, and niece of his own mother Kassandane, + had been Cambyses’ favorite wife hitherto, or at least the only one of + whom it could be said that she was more to him than a purchased slave + would have been. But even she, in his present sated and disgusted state of + feeling, seemed vulgar and contemptible, especially when he thought of + Nitetis. + </p> + <p> + The Egyptian seemed formed of nobler, better stuff than they all. They + were flattering, coaxing girls; Nitetis was a queen. They humbled + themselves in the dust at his feet; but when he thought of Nitetis, he + beheld her erect, standing before him, on the same proud level as himself. + He determined that from henceforth she should not only occupy Phaedime’s + place, but should be to him what Kassandane had been to his father Cyrus. + </p> + <p> + She was the only one of his wives who could assist him by her knowledge + and advice; the others were all like children, ignorant, and caring for + nothing but dress and finery: living only for petty intrigues and useless + trifles. This Egyptian girl would be obliged to love him, for he would be + her protector, her lord, her father and brother in this foreign land. + </p> + <p> + “She must,” he said to himself, and to this despot to wish for a thing and + to possess it seemed one and the same. “Bartja had better take care,” he + murmured, “or he shall know what fate awaits the man who dares to cross my + path.” + </p> + <p> + Nitetis too had passed a restless night. + </p> + <p> + The common apartment of the women was next to her own, and the noise and + singing there had not ceased until nearly midnight. She could often + distinguish the shrill voice of Boges joking and laughing with these + women, who were under his charge. At last all was quiet in the wide palace + halls and then her thoughts turned to her distant home and her poor sister + Tachot, longing for her and for the beautiful Bartja, who, Croesus had + told her, was going to-morrow to the war and possibly to death. At last + she fell asleep, overcome by the fatigue of the journey and dreaming of + her future husband. She saw him on his black charger. The foaming animal + shied at Bartja who was lying in the road, threw his rider and dragged him + into the Nile, whose waves became blood-red. In her terror she screamed + for help; her cries were echoed back from the Pyramids in such loud and + fearful tones that she awoke. + </p> + <p> + But hark! what could that be? That wailing, shrill cry which she had heard + in her dream,—she could hear it still. + </p> + <p> + Hastily drawing aside the shutters from one of the openings which served + as windows, she looked out. A large and beautiful garden, laid out with + fountains and shady avenues, lay before her, glittering with the early + dew. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Persian gardens were celebrated throughout the old world, and + seem to have been laid out much less stiffly than the Egyptian. + Even the kings of Persia did not consider horticulture beneath their + notice, and the highest among the Achaemenidae took an especial + pleasure in laying out parks, called in Persian Paradises. Their + admiration for well-grown trees went so far, that Xerxes, finding on + his way to Greece a singularly beautiful tree, hung ornaments of + gold upon its branches. Firdusi, the great Persian epic poet, + compares human beauty to the growth of the cypress, as the highest + praise he can give. Indeed some trees were worshipped by the + Persians; and as the tree of life in the Hebrew and Egyptian, so we + find sacred trees in their Paradise.] +</pre> + <p> + No sound was to be heard except the one which had alarmed her, and this + too died away at last on the morning breeze. After a few minutes she heard + cries and noise in the distance, then the great city awaking to its daily + work, which soon settled down into a deep, dull murmur like the roaring of + the sea. + </p> + <p> + Nitetis was by this time so thoroughly awakened from the effect of the + fresh morning air, that she did not care to lie down again. She went once + more to the window and perceived two figures coming out of the house. One + she recognized as the eunuch Boges; he was talking to a beautiful Persian + woman carelessly dressed. They approached her window. Nitetis hid herself + behind the half-opened shutter and listened, for she fancied she heard her + own name. + </p> + <p> + “The Egyptian is still asleep.” said Boges. “She must be much fatigued by + the journey. I see too that one of her windows is still firmly closed.” + </p> + <p> + “Then tell me quickly,” said the Persian. “Do you really think that this + stranger’s coming can injure me in any way?” + </p> + <p> + “Certainly, I do, my pretty one.” + </p> + <p> + “But what leads you to suppose this?” + </p> + <p> + “She is only to obey the king’s commands, not mine.” + </p> + <p> + “Is that all?” + </p> + <p> + “No, my treasure. I know the king. I can read his features as the Magi + read the sacred books.” + </p> + <p> + “Then we must ruin her.” + </p> + <p> + “More easily said than done, my little bird.” + </p> + <p> + “Leave me alone! you are insolent.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, but nobody can see us, and you know you can do nothing without my + help.” + </p> + <p> + “Very well then, I don’t care. But tell me quickly what we can do.” + </p> + <p> + “Thanks, my sweet Phaedime. Well, for the present we must be patient and + wait our time. That detestable hypocrite Croesus seems to have established + himself as protector of the Egyptian; when he is away, we must set our + snares.” + </p> + <p> + The speakers were by this time at such a distance, that Nitetis could not + understand what they said. In silent indignation she closed the shutter, + and called her maidens to dress her. She knew her enemies now—she + knew that a thousand dangers surrounded her, and yet she felt proud and + happy, for was she not chosen to be the real wife of Cambyses? Her own + worth seemed clearer to her than ever before, from a comparison with these + miserable creatures, and a wonderful certainty of ultimate victory stole + into her heart, for Nitetis was a firm believer in the magic power of + virtue. + </p> + <p> + “What was that dreadful sound I heard so early?” she asked of her + principal waiting-woman, who was arranging her hair. + </p> + <p> + “Do you mean the sounding brass, lady?” + </p> + <p> + “Scarcely two hours ago I was awakened by a strange and frightful sound.” + </p> + <p> + “That was the sounding brass, lady. It is used to awaken the young sons of + the Persian nobles, who are brought up at the gate of the king. You will + soon become accustomed to it. We have long ceased even to hear it, and + indeed on great festivals, when it is not sounded, we awake from the + unaccustomed stillness. From the hanging-gardens you will be able to see + how the boys are taken to bathe every morning, whatever the weather may + be. The poor little ones are taken from their mothers when they are six + years old, to be brought up with the other boys of their own rank under + the king’s eye.” + </p> + <p> + “Are they to begin learning the luxurious manners of the court so early?” + </p> + <p> + “Oh no! the poor boys lead a terrible life. They are obliged to sleep on + the hard ground, to rise before the sun. Their food is bread and water, + with very little meat, and they are never allowed to taste wine or + vegetables. Indeed at times they are deprived of food and drink for some + days, simply to accustom them to privations. When the court is at Ecbatana + or Pasargadae, and the weather is bitterly cold, they are sure to be taken + out to bathe, and here in Susa, the hotter the sun, the longer and more + difficult the marches they are compelled to take.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The summer residences of the kings cf Persia, where it is sometimes + very cold. Ecbatana lies at the foot of the high Elburs (Orontes) + range of mountains in the neighborhood of the modern Hamadan; + Pasargadae not far from Rachmet in the highlands of Iran] +</pre> + <p> + “And these boys, so simply and severely brought up, become in after life + such luxurious men?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, that is always the case. A meal that has been waited for is all the + more relished when it comes. These boys see splendor and magnificence + around them daily; they know how rich they are in reality, and yet have to + suffer from hunger and privation. Who can wonder, if, when at last they + gain their liberty, they plunge into the pleasures of life with a tenfold + eagerness? But on the other hand, in time of war, or when going to the + chase, they never murmur at hunger or thirst, spring with a laugh into the + mud regardless of their thin boots and purple trousers, and sleep as + soundly on a rock as on their beds of delicate Arabian wool. You must see + the feats these boys perform, especially when the king is watching them! + Cambyses will certainly take you if you ask him.” + </p> + <p> + “I know those exercises already. In Egypt the girls as well as the boys + are kept to such gymnastic exercises. My limbs were trained to flexibility + by running, postures, and games with hoops and balls. + </p> + <p> + “How strange! Here, we women grow up just as we please, and are taught + nothing but a little spinning and weaving. Is it true that most of the + Egyptian women can read and write?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, nearly all.” + </p> + <p> + “By Mithras, you must be a clever people! Scarcely any of the Persians, + except the Magi and the scribes, learn these difficult arts. The sons of + the nobles are taught to speak the truth, to be courageous, obedient, and + to reverence the gods; to hunt, ride, plant trees and discern between + herbs; but whoever, like the noble Darius, wishes to learn the art of + writing, must apply to the Magi. Women are forbidden to turn their minds + to such studies.—Now your dress is complete. This string of pearls, + which the king sent this morning, looks magnificent in your raven-black + hair, but it is easy to see that you are not accustomed to the full silk + trousers and high-heeled boots. If, however, you walk two or three times + up and down the room you will surpass all the Persian ladies even in your + walk!” + </p> + <p> + At this moment a knock was heard and Boges entered. He had come to conduct + Nitetis to Kassandane’s apartments, where Cambyses was waiting for her. + </p> + <p> + The eunuch affected an abject humility, and poured forth a stream of + flattering words, in which he likened the princess to the sun, the starry + heavens, a pure fount of happiness, and a garden of roses. Nitetis deigned + him not a word in reply, but followed, with a beating heart, to the + queen’s apartment. + </p> + <p> + In order to keep out the noonday sun and produce a salutary half-light for + the blind queen’s eyes, her windows were shaded by curtains of green + Indian silk. The floor was covered with a thick Babylonian carpet, soft as + moss under the foot. The walls were faced with a mosaic of ivory, + tortoise-shell, gold, silver, malachite, lapis-lazuli, ebony and amber. + The seats and couches were of gold covered with lions’ skins, and a table + of silver stood by the side of the blind queen. Kassandane was seated in a + costly arm-chair. She wore a robe of violet-blue, embroidered with silver, + and over her snow-white hair lay a long veil of delicate lace, woven in + Egypt, the ends of which were wound round her neck and tied in a large bow + beneath her chin. She was between sixty and seventy years old; her face, + framed, as it were, into a picture by the lace veil, was exquisitely + symmetrical in its form, intellectual, kind and benevolent in its + expression. + </p> + <p> + The blind eyes were closed, but those who gazed on her felt that, if open, + they would shine with the gentle light of stars. Even when sitting, her + attitude and height showed a tall and stately figure. Indeed her entire + appearance was worthy the widow of the great and good Cyrus. + </p> + <p> + On a low seat at her feet, drawing long threads from a golden spindle, sat + the queen’s youngest child Atossa, born to her late in life. Cambyses was + standing before her, and behind, hardly visible in the dim light, + Nebenchari, the Egyptian oculist. + </p> + <p> + As Nitetis entered, Cambyses came towards her and led her to his mother. + The daughter of Amasis fell on her knees before this venerable woman, and + kissed her hand with real affection. + </p> + <p> + “Be welcome here!” exclaimed the blind queen, feeling her way to the young + girl’s head, on which she laid her hand, “I have heard much in your + praise, and hope to gain in you a dear and loving daughter.” + </p> + <p> + Nitetis kissed the gentle, delicate hand again, saying in a low voice: “O + how I thank you for these words! Will you, the wife of the great Cyrus, + permit me to call you mother? My tongue has been so long accustomed to + this sweet word; and now after long weeks of silence, I tremble with joy + at the thought that I may say ‘my mother’ once more! I will indeed try to + deserve your love and kindness; and you—you will be to me all that + your loving countenance seems to promise? Advise and teach me; let me find + a refuge at your feet, if sometimes the longing for home becomes too + strong, and my poor heart too weak to bear its grief or joy alone. Oh, be + my mother! that one word includes all else!” + </p> + <p> + The blind queen felt the warm tears fall on her hand; she pressed her lips + kindly on the weeping girl’s forehead, and answered: “I can understand + your feelings. My apartments shall be always open to you, my heart ready + to welcome you here. Come when you will, and call me your mother with the + same perfect confidence with which I, from my whole heart, name you my + daughter. In a few months you will be my son’s wife, and then the gods may + grant you that gift, which, by implanting within you the feelings of a + mother, will prevent you from feeling the need of one.” + </p> + <p> + “May Ormuszd hear and give his blessing!” said Cambyses. “I rejoice, + mother, that my wife pleases you, and I know that when once she becomes + familiar with our manners and customs she will be happy here. If Nitetis + pay due heed, our marriage can be celebrated in four months.” + </p> + <p> + “But the law—” began his mother. + </p> + <p> + “I command—in four months, and should like to see him who dare raise + an objection. Farewell! Nebenchari, use your best skill for the queen’s + eyes, and if my wife permit, you, as her countryman, may visit her + to-morrow. Farewell! Bartja sends his parting greetings. He is on the road + to the Tapuri.” + </p> + <p> + Atossa wiped away a tear in silence, but Kassandane answered: “You would + have done well to allow the boy to remain here a few months longer. Your + commander, Megabyzus, could have subdued that small nation alone.” + </p> + <p> + “Of that I have no doubt,” replied the king, “but Bartja desired an + opportunity of distinguishing himself in the field; and for that reason I + sent him.” + </p> + <p> + “Would he not gladly have waited until the war with the Massageta; where + more glory might be gained?” asked the blind woman. + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” said Atossa, “and if he should fall in this war, you will have + deprived him of the power of fulfilling his most sacred duty, of avenging + the soul of our father!” + </p> + <p> + “Be silent!” cried Cambyses in an overbearing tone, “or I shall have to + teach you what is becoming in women and children. Bartja is on far too + good terms with fortune to fall in the war. He will live, I hope, to + deserve the love which is now so freely flung into his lap like an alms.” + </p> + <p> + “How canst thou speak thus?” cried Kassandane. “In what manly virtue is + Bartja wanting? Is it his fault, that he has had no such opportunity of + distinguishing himself in the field as thou hast had? You are the king and + I am bound to respect your commands, but I blame my son for depriving his + blind mother of the greatest joy left to her in her old age. Bartja would + have gladly remained here until the Massagetan war, if your self-will had + not determined otherwise.” + </p> + <p> + “And what I will is good!” exclaimed Cambyses interrupting his mother, and + pale with anger, “I desire that this subject be not mentioned again.” + </p> + <p> + So saying, he left the room abruptly and went into the reception-hall, + followed by the immense retinue which never quitted him, whithersoever he + might direct his steps. + </p> + <p> + An hour passed, and still Nitetis and the lovely Atossa were sitting side + by side, at the feet of the queen. The Persian women listened eagerly to + all their new friend could tell them about Egypt and its wonders. + </p> + <p> + “Oh! how I should like to visit your home!” exclaimed Atossa. “It must be + quite, quite different from Persia and everything else that I have seen + yet. The fruitful shores of your great river, larger even than the + Euphrates, the temples with their painted columns, those huge artificial + mountains, the Pyramids, where the ancient kings be buried—it must + all be wonderfully beautiful. But what pleases me best of all is your + description of the entertainments, where men and women converse together + as they like. The only meals we are allowed to take in the society of men + are on New Year’s Day and the king’s birthday, and then we are forbidden + to speak; indeed it is not thought right for us even to raise our eyes. + How different it is with you! By Mithras! mother, I should like to be an + Egyptian, for we poor creatures are in reality nothing but miserable + slaves; and yet I feel that the great Cyrus was my father too, and that I + am worth quite as much as most men. Do I not speak the truth? can I not + obey as well as command? have I not the same thirst and longing for glory? + could not I learn to ride, to string a bow, to fight and swim, if I were + taught and inured to such exercises?” + </p> + <p> + The girl had sprung from her seat while speaking, her eyes flashed and she + swung her spindle in the air, quite unconscious that in so doing she was + breaking the thread and entangling the flax. + </p> + <p> + “Remember what is fitting,” reminded Kassandane. “A woman must submit with + humility to her quiet destiny, and not aspire to imitate the deeds of + men.” + </p> + <p> + “But there are women who lead the same lives as men,” cried Atossa. “There + are the Amazons who live on the shores of the Thermodon in Themiscyra, and + at Comana on the Iris; they have waged great wars, and even to this day + wear men’s armor.” + </p> + <p> + “Who told you this?” + </p> + <p> + “My old nurse, Stephanion, whom my father brought a captive from Sinope to + Pasargadae.” + </p> + <p> + “But I can teach you better,” said Nitetis. “It is true that in Themiscyra + and Comana there are a number of women who wear soldier’s armor; but they + are only priestesses, and clothe themselves like the warlike goddess they + serve, in order to present to the worshippers a manifestation of the + divinity in human form. Croesus says that an army of Amazons has never + existed, but that the Greeks, (always ready and able to turn anything into + a beautiful myth), having seen these priestesses, at once transformed the + armed virgins dedicated to the goddess into a nation of fighting women.” + </p> + <p> + “Then they are liars!” exclaimed the disappointed girl. + </p> + <p> + “It is true, that the Greeks have not the same reverence for truth as you + have,” answered Nitetis, “but they do not call the men who invent these + beautiful stories liars; they are called poets.” + </p> + <p> + “Just as it is with ourselves,” said Kassandane. “The poets, who sing the + praises of my husband, have altered and adorned his early life in a + marvellous manner; yet no one calls them liars. But tell me, my daughter, + is it true that these Greeks are more beautiful than other men, and + understand art better even than the Egyptians?” + </p> + <p> + “On that subject I should not venture to pronounce a judgment. There is + such a great difference between the Greek and Egyptian works of art. When + I went into our own gigantic temples to pray, I always felt as if I must + prostrate myself in the dust before the greatness of the gods, and entreat + them not to crush so insignificant a worm; but in the temple of Hera at + Samos, I could only raise my hands to heaven in joyful thanksgiving, that + the gods had made the earth so beautiful. In Egypt I always believed as I + had been taught: ‘Life is asleep; we shall not awake to our true existence + in the kingdom of Osiris till the hour of death;’ but in Greece I thought: + ‘I am born to live and to enjoy this cheerful, bright and blooming + world.’” + </p> + <p> + “Ah! tell us something more about Greece,” cried Atossa; “but first + Nebenchari must put a fresh bandage on my mother’s eyes.” + </p> + <p> + The oculist, a tall, grave man in the white robes of an Egyptian priest, + came forward to perform the necessary operation, and after being kindly + greeted by Nitetis, withdrew once more silently into the background. At + the same time a eunuch entered to enquire whether Croesus might be allowed + to pay his respectful homage to the king’s mother. + </p> + <p> + The aged king soon appeared, and was welcomed as the old and tried friend + of the Persian royal family. Atossa, with her usual impetuosity, fell on + the neck of the friend she had so sorely missed during his absence; the + queen gave him her hand, and Nitetis met him like a loving daughter. + </p> + <p> + “I thank the gods, that I am permitted to see you again,” said Croesus. + “The young can look at life as a possession, as a thing understood and + sure, but at my age every year must be accepted as an undeserved gift from + the gods, for which a man must be thankful.” + </p> + <p> + “I could envy you for this happy view of life,” sighed Kassandane. “My + years are fewer than yours, and yet every new day seems to me a punishment + sent by the Immortals.” + </p> + <p> + “Can I be listening to the wife of the great Cyrus?” asked Croesus. “How + long is it since courage and confidence left that brave heart? I tell you, + you will recover sight, and once more thank the gods for a good old age. + The man who recovers, after a serious illness, values health a + hundred-fold more than before; and he who regains sight after blindness, + must be an especial favorite of the gods. Imagine to yourself the delight + of that first moment when your eyes behold once more the bright shining of + the sun, the faces of your loved ones, the beauty of all created things, + and tell me, would not that outweigh even a whole life of blindness and + dark night? In the day of healing, even if that come in old age, a new + life will begin and I shall hear you confess that my friend Solon was + right.” + </p> + <p> + “In what respect?” asked Atossa. + </p> + <p> + “In wishing that Mimnermos, the Colophonian poet, would correct the poem + in which he has assigned sixty years as the limit of a happy life, and + would change the sixty into eighty.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh no!” exclaimed Kassandane. “Even were Mithras to restore my sight, + such a long life would be dreadful. Without my husband I seem to myself + like a wanderer in the desert, aimless and without a guide.” + </p> + <p> + “Are your children then nothing to you, and this kingdom, of which you + have watched the rise and growth?” + </p> + <p> + “No indeed! but my children need me no longer, and the ruler of this + kingdom is too proud to listen to a woman’s advice.” + </p> + <p> + On hearing these words Atossa and Nitetis seized each one of the queen’s + hands, and Nitetis cried: “You ought to desire a long life for our sakes. + What should we be without your help and protection?” + </p> + <p> + Kassandane smiled again, murmuring in a scarcely audible voice: “You are + right, my children, you will stand in need of your mother.” + </p> + <p> + “Now you are speaking once more like the wife of the great Cyrus,” cried + Croesus, kissing the robe of the blind woman. “Your presence will indeed + be needed, who can say how soon? Cambyses is like hard steel; sparks fly + wherever he strikes. You can hinder these sparks from kindling a + destroying fire among your loved ones, and this should be your duty. You + alone can dare to admonish the king in the violence of his passion. He + regards you as his equal, and, while despising the opinion of others, + feels wounded by his mother’s disapproval. Is it not then your duty to + abide patiently as mediator between the king, the kingdom and your loved + ones, and so, by your own timely reproofs, to humble the pride of your + son, that he may be spared that deeper humiliation which, if not thus + averted, the gods will surely inflict.” + </p> + <p> + “You are right,” answered the blind woman, “but I feel only too well that + my influence over him is but small. He has been so much accustomed to have + his own will, that he will follow no advice, even if it come from his + mother’s lips.” + </p> + <p> + “But he must at least hear it,” answered Croesus, “and that is much, for + even if he refuse to obey, your counsels will, like divine voices, + continue to make themselves heard within him, and will keep him back from + many a sinful act. I will remain your ally in this matter; for, as + Cambyses’ dying father appointed me the counsellor of his son in word and + deed, I venture occasionally a bold word to arrest his excesses. Ours is + the only blame from which he shrinks: we alone can dare to speak our + opinion to him. Let us courageously do our duty in this our office: you, + moved by love to Persia and your son, and I by thankfulness to that great + man to whom I owe life and freedom, and whose son Cambyses is. I know that + you bemoan the manner in which he has been brought up; but such late + repentance must be avoided like poison. For the errors of the wise the + remedy is reparation, not regret; regret consumes the heart, but the + effort to repair an error causes it to throb with a noble pride.” + </p> + <p> + “In Egypt,” said Nitetis, “regret is numbered among the forty-two deadly + sins. One of our principal commandments is, ‘Thou shalt not consume thine + heart.’” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [In the Ritual of the Dead (indeed in almost every Papyrus of the + Dead) we meet with a representation of the soul, whose heart is + being weighed and judged. The speech made by the soul is called the + negative justification, in which she assures the 42 judges of the + dead, that she has not committed the 42 deadly sins which she + enumerates. This justification is doubly interesting because it + contains nearly the entire moral law of Moses, which last, apart + from all national peculiarities and habits of mind, seems to contain + the quintessence of human morality—and this we find ready + paragraphed in our negative justification. Todtenbuch ed. Lepsius. + 125. We cannot discuss this question philosophically here, but the + law of Pythagoras, who borrowed so much from Egypt, and the contents + of which are the same, speaks for our view. It is similar in form + to the Egyptian.] +</pre> + <p> + “There you remind me,” said Croesus “that I have undertaken to arrange for + your instruction in the Persian customs, religion and language. I had + intended to withdraw to Barene, the town which I received as a gift from + Cyrus, and there, in that most lovely mountain valley, to take my rest; + but for your sake and for the king’s, I will remain here and continue to + give you instruction in the Persian tongue. Kassandane herself will + initiate you in the customs peculiar to women at the Persian court, and + Oropastes, the high-priest, has been ordered by the king to make you + acquainted with the religion of Iran. He will be your spiritual, and I + your secular guardian.” + </p> + <p> + At these words Nitetis, who had been smiling happily, cast down her eyes + and asked in a low voice: “Am I to become unfaithful to the gods of my + fathers, who have never failed to hear my prayers? Can I, ought I to + forget them?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” said Kassandane decidedly, “thou canst, and it is thy bounden duty, + for a wife ought to have no friends but those her husband calls such. The + gods are a man’s earliest, mightiest and most faithful friends, and it + therefore becomes thy duty, as a wife, to honor them, and to close thine + heart against strange gods and superstitions, as thou wouldst close it + against strange lovers.” + </p> + <p> + “And,” added Croesus, “we will not rob you of your deities; we will only + give them to you under other names. As Truth remains eternally the same, + whether called ‘maa’, as by the Egyptians, or ‘Aletheia’ as by the Greeks, + so the essence of the Deity continues unchanged in all places and times. + Listen, my daughter: I myself, while still king of Lydia, often sacrificed + in sincere devotion to the Apollo of the Greeks, without a fear that in so + doing I should offend the Lydian sun-god Sandon; the Ionians pay their + worship to the Asiatic Cybele, and, now that I have become a Persian, I + raise my hands adoringly to Mithras, Ormuzd and the lovely Anahita. + Pythagoras too, whose teaching is not new to you, worships one god only, + whom he calls Apollo; because, like the Greek sun-god, he is the source of + light and of those harmonies which Pythagoras holds to be higher than all + else. And lastly, Xenophanes of Colophon laughs at the many and divers + gods of Homer and sets one single deity on high—the ceaselessly + creative might of nature, whose essence consists of thought, reason and + eternity. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [A celebrated freethinker, who indulged in bold and independent + speculations, and suffered much persecution for his ridicule of the + Homeric deities. He flourished at the time of our history and lived + to a great age, far on into the fifth century. We have quoted some + fragments of his writings above. He committed his speculations also + to verse.] +</pre> + <p> + “In this power everything has its rise, and it alone remains unchanged, + while all created matter must be continually renewed and perfected. The + ardent longing for some being above us, on whom we can lean when our own + powers fail,—the wonderful instinct which desires a faithful friend + to whom we can tell every joy and sorrow without fear of disclosure, the + thankfulness with which we behold this beautiful world and all the rich + blessings we have received—these are the feelings which we call + piety—devotion. + </p> + <p> + “These you must hold fast; remembering, however, at the same time, that + the world is ruled neither by the Egyptian, the Persian, nor the Greek + divinities apart from each other, but that all these are one; and that one + indivisible Deity, how different soever may be the names and characters + under which He is represented, guides the fate of men and nations.” + </p> + <p> + The two Persian women listened to the old man in amazement. Their + unpractised powers were unable to follow the course of his thoughts. + Nitetis, however, had understood him thoroughly, and answered: “My mother + Ladice was the pupil of Pythagoras, and has told me something like this + already; but the Egyptian priests consider such views to be sacrilegious, + and call their originators despisers of the gods. So I tried to repress + such thoughts; but now I will resist them no longer. What the good and + wise Croesus believes cannot possibly be evil or impious! Let Oropastes + come! I am ready to listen to his teaching. The god of Thebes, our Ammon, + shall be transformed into Ormuzd,—Isis or Hathor, into Anahita, and + those among our gods for whom I can find no likeness in the Persian + religion, I shall designate by the name of ‘the Deity.’” + </p> + <p> + Croesus smiled. He had fancied, knowing how obstinately the Egyptians + clung to all they had received from tradition and education, that it would + have been more difficult for Nitetis to give up the gods of her native + land. He had forgotten that her mother was a Greek, and that the daughters + of Amasis had studied the doctrines of Pythagoras. Neither was he aware + how ardently Nitetis longed to please her proud lord and master. Even + Amasis, who so revered the Samian philosopher, who had so often yielded to + Hellenic influence, and who with good reason might be called a + free-thinking Egyptian, would sooner have exchanged life for death, than + his multiform gods for the one idea “Deity.” + </p> + <p> + “You are a teachable pupil,” said Croesus, laying his hand on her head, + “and as a reward, you shall be allowed either to visit Kassandane, or to + receive Atossa in the hanging-gardens, every morning, and every afternoon + until sunset.” + </p> + <p> + This joyful news was received with loud rejoicings by Atossa, and with a + grateful smile by the Egyptian girl. + </p> + <p> + “And lastly,” said Croesus, “I have brought some balls and hoops with me + from Sais, that you may be able to amuse yourselves in Egyptian fashion.” + </p> + <p> + “Balls?” asked Atossa in amazement; “what can we do with the heavy wooden + things?” + </p> + <p> + “That need not trouble you,” answered Croesus, laughing. “The balls I + speak of are pretty little things made of the skins of fish filled with + air, or of leather. A child of two years old can throw these, but you + would find it no easy matter even to lift one of those wooden balls with + which the Persian boys play. Are you content with me, Nitetis?” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [In Persia games with balls are still reckoned among the amusements + of the men. One player drives a wooden hall to the other, as in the + English game of cricket. Chardin (Voyage en Perse. III. p. 226.) + saw the game played by 300 players.] +</pre> + <p> + “How can I thank you enough, my father?” + </p> + <p> + “And now listen to my plan for the division of your time. In the morning + you will visit Kassandane, chat with Atossa, and listen to the teaching of + your noble mother.” + </p> + <p> + Here the blind woman bent her head in approval. “Towards noon I shall come + to teach you, and we can talk sometimes about Egypt and your loved ones + there, but always in Persian. You would like this, would you not?” + </p> + <p> + Nitetis smiled. + </p> + <p> + “Every second day, Oropastes will be in attendance to initiate you in the + Persian religion.” + </p> + <p> + “I will take the greatest pains to comprehend him quickly.” + </p> + <p> + “In the afternoon you can be with Atossa as long as you like. Does that + please you too?” + </p> + <p> + “O Croesus!” cried the young girl and kissed the old man’s hand. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0014" id="link2HCH0014"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XIV. + </h2> + <p> + The next day Nitetis removed to the country-house in the hanging-gardens, + and began a monotonous, but happy and industrious life there, according to + the rules laid down by Croesus. Every day she was carried to Kassandane + and Atossa in a closely shut-up litter. Nitetis soon began to look upon + the blind queen as a beloved and loving mother, and the merry, spirited + Atossa nearly made up to her for the loss of her sister Tachot, so far + away on the distant Nile. She could not have desired a better companion + than this gay, cheerful girl, whose wit and merriment effectually + prevented homesickness or discontent from settling in her friend’s heart. + The gravity and earnestness of Nitetis’ character were brightened by + Atossa’s gaiety, and Atossa’s exuberant spirits calmed and regulated by + the thoughtful nature of Nitetis. + </p> + <p> + Both Croesus and Kassandane were pleased and satisfied with their new + daughter and pupil, and Oropastes extolled her talents and industry daily + to Cambyses. She learnt the Persian language unusually well and quickly; + Cambyses only visited his mother when he hoped to find Nitetis there, and + presented her continually with rich dresses and costly jewels. But the + highest proof of his favor consisted in his abstaining from visiting her + at her house in the hanging-gardens, a line of conduct which proved that + he meant to include Nitetis in the small number of his real and lawful + wives, a privilege of which many a princess in his harem could not boast. + </p> + <p> + The grave, beautiful girl threw a strange spell over this strong, + turbulent man. Her presence alone seemed enough to soften his stubborn + will, and he would watch their games for hours, his eyes fixed on her + graceful movements. Once, when the ball had fallen into the water, the + king sprang in after it, regardless of his costly apparel. Nitetis + screamed on seeing his intention, but Cambyses handed her the dripping toy + with the words: “Take care or I shall be obliged to frighten you again.” + At the same time he drew from his neck a gold chain set with jewels and + gave it to the blushing girl, who thanked him with a look which fully + revealed her feelings for her future husband. + </p> + <p> + Croesus, Kassandane and Atossa soon noticed that Nitetis loved the king. + Her former fear of this proud and powerful being had indeed changed into a + passionate admiration. She felt as if she must die if deprived of his + presence. He seemed to her like a glorious and omnipotent divinity, and + her wish to possess him presumptuous and sacrilegious; but its fulfilment + shone before her as an idea more beautiful even than return to her native + land and reunion with those who, till now, had been her only loved ones. + </p> + <p> + Nitetis herself was hardly conscious of the strength of her feelings, and + believed that when she trembled before the king’s arrival it was from + fear, and not from her longing to behold him once more. Croesus, however, + had soon discovered the truth, and brought a deep blush to his favorite’s + cheek by singing to her, old as he was, Anacreon’s newest song, which he + had learnt at Sais from Ibykus + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “We read the flying courser’s name + Upon his side in marks of flame; + And by their turban’d brows alone + The warriors of the East are known. + But in the lover’s glowing eyes, + The inlet to his bosom lies; + Through them we see the tiny mark, + Where Love has dropp’d his burning spark” + —Paegnion 15 +</pre> + <p> + And thus, in work and amusement, jest, earnest, and mutual love, the weeks + and months passed with Nitetis. Cambyses’ command that she was to be happy + in his land had fulfilled itself, and by the time the Mesopotamian + spring-tide (January, February and March), which succeeds the rainy month + of December, was over, and the principal festival of the Asiatics, the New + Year, had been solemnized at the equinox, and the May sun had begun to + glow in the heavens, Nitetis felt quite at home in Babylon, and all the + Persians knew that the young Egyptian princess had quite displaced + Phaedime, the daughter of Otanes, in the king’s favor, and would certainly + become his first and favorite wife. + </p> + <p> + Boges sank considerably in public estimation, for it was known that + Cambyses had ceased to visit the harem, and the chief of the eunuchs had + owed all his importance to the women, who were compelled to coax from + Cambyses whatever Boges desired for himself or others. Not a day passed on + which the mortified official did not consult with the supplanted favorite + Phaedime, as to the best means of ruining Nitetis, but their most finely + spun intrigues and artifices were baffled by the strength of king’s love + and the blameless life of his royal bride. + </p> + <p> + Phaedime, impatient, mortified, and thirsting for vengeance, was + perpetually urging Boges to some decided act; he, on the contrary, advised + patience. + </p> + <p> + At last, however, after many weeks, he came to her full of joy, + exclaiming: “I have devised a little plan which must ruin the Egyptian + woman as surely as my name is Boges. When Bartja comes back, my treasure, + our hour will have arrived.” + </p> + <p> + While saying this the creature rubbed his fat, soft hands, and, with his + perpetual fulsome smile, looked as if he were feasting on some good deed + performed. He did not, however, give Phaedime the faintest idea of the + nature of his “little plan,” and only answered her pressing questions with + the words: “Better lay your head in a lion’s jaws, than your secret in the + ears of a woman. I fully acknowledge your courage, but at the same time + advise you to remember that, though a man proves his courage in action, a + woman’s is shown in obedience. Obey my words and await the issue in + patience.” Nebenchari, the oculist, continued to attend the queen, but so + carefully abstained from all intercourse with the Persians, that he became + a proverb among them for his gloomy, silent ways. During the day he was to + be found in the queen’s apartments, silently examining large rolls of + papyri, which he called the book of Athotes and the sacred Ambres; at + night, by permission of the king and the satraps of Babylon, he often + ascended one of the high towers on the walls, called Tritantaechmes, in + order to observe the stars. + </p> + <p> + The Chaldaean priests, the earliest astronomers, would have allowed him to + take his observations from the summit of the great temple of Bel, their + own observatory, but he refused this offer decidedly, and persisted in his + haughty reserve. When Oropastes attempted to explain to him the celebrated + Babylonian sun-dial, introduced by Anaximander of Miletus into Greece, he + turned from the Magian with a scornful laugh, saying: “We knew all this, + before you knew the meaning of an hour.” + </p> + <p> + Nitetis had shown Nebenchari much kindness, yet he took no interest in + her, seemed indeed to avoid her purposely, and on her asking whether she + had displeased or offended him, answered: “For me you are a stranger. How + can I reckon those my friends, who can so gladly and so quickly forget + those they loved best, their gods, and the customs of their native land?” + </p> + <p> + Boges quickly discovered this state of feeling on the part of Nebenchari, + and took much pains to secure him as an ally, but the physician rejected + the eunuch’s flatteries, gifts, and attentions with dignity. + </p> + <p> + No sooner did an Angare appear in the court of the palace with despatches + for the king, than Boges hastened to enquire whether news from the Tapuri + had arrived. + </p> + <p> + At length the desired messenger appeared, bringing word that the rebels + were subdued, and Bartja on the point of returning. + </p> + <p> + Three weeks passed—fresh messengers arrived from day to day + announcing the approach of the victorious prince; the streets glittered + once more in festal array, the army entered the gates of Babylon, Bartja + thanked the rejoicing multitude, and a short time after was in the arms of + his blind mother. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses received his brother with undisguised warmth, and took him to the + queen’s apartments, when he knew that Nitetis would be there. + </p> + <p> + For he was sure the Egyptian girl loved him; his previous jealousy seemed + a silly fancy now, and he wished to give Bartja an opportunity of seeing + how entirely he trusted his bride. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses’ love had made him mild and gentle, unwearied in giving and in + doing good. His wrath slumbered for a season, and around the spot where + the heads of those who had suffered capital punishment were exhibited as a + warning to their fellow-men, the hungry, screeching crows now wheeled, in + vain. + </p> + <p> + The influence of the insinuating eunuchs (a race who had never been seen + within the gates of Cyrus until the incorporation of Media, Lydia and + Babylon, in which countries they had filled many of the highest offices at + court and in the state), was now waning, and the importance of the noble + Achaemenidae increasing in proportion; for Cambyses applied oftener to the + latter than to the former for advice in matters relating to the welfare of + the country. + </p> + <p> + The aged Hystaspes, father of Darius, governor of Persia proper and cousin + to the king; Pharnaspes, Cambyses’ grandfather on the mother’s side; + Otanes, his uncle and father-in-law. Intaphernes, Aspathines, Gobryas, + Hydarnes, the general Megabyzus, father of Zopyrus, the envoy Prexaspes, + the noble Croesus, and the old warrior Araspes; in short, the flower of + the ancient Persian aristocracy, were now at the court of Cambyses. + </p> + <p> + To this must be added that the entire nobility of the realm, the satraps + or governors of the provinces, and the chief priests from every town were + also assembled at Babylon to celebrate the king’s birthday. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The king’s birthday was the principal feast among the Persians, and + called “the perfect feast.” Herod. I. 133. Birthdays were held in + much honor by the ancients, and more especially those of their + kings. Both the great bilingual Egyptian tablets, which we possess + (the Rosetta stone, line 10 of hieroglyphic text; Gr. text, line 46. + and the edict of Canopus ed. Lepsius, hieroglyphic text 1. 3. Gr. + text 1. 5.) mention the celebration of the birthday of one of the + Ptolemies; and even of Rameses II., so early as the 14th century B. + C. we read: “There was joy in heaven on his birthday.”] +</pre> + <p> + The entire body of officials and deputies streamed from the provinces up + to the royal city, bringing presents to their ruler and good wishes; they + came also to take part in the great sacrifices at which horses, stags, + bulls and asses were slaughtered in thousands as offerings to the gods. + </p> + <p> + At this festival all the Persians received gifts, every man was allowed to + ask a petition of the king, which seldom remained unfulfilled, and in + every city the people were feasted at the royal expense. Cambyses had + commanded that his marriage with Nitetis should be celebrated eight days + after the birthday, and all the magnates of the realms should be invited + to the ceremony. + </p> + <p> + The streets of Babylon swarmed with strangers, the colossal palaces on + both shores of the Euphrates were overfilled, and all the houses stood + adorned in festal brightness. + </p> + <p> + The zeal thus displayed by his people, this vast throng of human beings,—representing + and bringing around him, as it were, his entire kingdom, contributed not a + little to raise the king’s spirits. + </p> + <p> + His pride was gratified; and the only longing left in his heart had been + stilled by Nitetis’ love. For the first time in his life he believed + himself completely happy, and bestowed his gifts, not only from a sense of + his duty as king of Persia, but because the act of giving was in itself a + pleasure. + </p> + <p> + Megabyzus could not extol the deeds of Bartja and his friends too highly. + Cambyses embraced the young warriors, gave them horses and gold chains, + called them “brothers” and reminded Bartja, that he had promised to grant + him a petition if he returned victorious. + </p> + <p> + At this Bartja cast down his eyes, not knowing at first in what form to + begin his request, and the king answered laughing: “Look, my friends; our + young hero is blushing like a girl! It seems I shall have to grant + something important; so he had better wait until my birthday, and then, at + supper, when the wine has given him courage, he shall whisper in my ear + what he is now afraid to utter. Ask much, Bartja, I am happy myself, and + wish all my friends to be happy too.” Bartja only smiled in answer and + went to his mother; for he had not yet opened his heart to her on the + matter which lay so near it. + </p> + <p> + He was afraid of meeting with decided opposition; but Croesus had cleared + the way far him by telling Kassandane so much in praise of Sappho, her + virtues and her graces, her talents and skill, that Nitetis and Atossa + maintained she must have given the old man a magic potion, and Kassandane, + after a short resistance, yielded to her darling’s entreaties. + </p> + <p> + “A Greek woman the lawful wife of a Persian prince of the blood!” cried + the blind woman. “Unheard of! What will Cambyses say? How can we gain his + consent?” + </p> + <p> + “On that matter you may be at ease, my mother,” answered Bartja, “I am as + certain that my brother will give his consent, as I am that Sappho will + prove an ornament and honor to our house.” + </p> + <p> + “Croesus has already told me much in favor of this maiden,” answered + Kassandane, “and it pleases me that thou hast at last resolved to marry; + but never-the-less this alliance does not seem suitable for a son of + Cyrus. And have you forgotten that the Achaemenidae; will probably refuse + to recognize the child of a Greek mother as their future king, if Cambyses + should remain childless?” + </p> + <p> + “Mother, I fear nothing; for my heart is not set upon the crown. And + indeed many a king of Persia has had a mother of far lower parentage than + my Sappho. I feel persuaded that when my relations see the precious jewel + I have won on the Nile, not one of them will chide me.” + </p> + <p> + “The gods grant that Sappho may be equal to our Nitetis!” answered + Kassandane, “I love her as if she were my own child, and bless the day + which brought her to Persia. The warm light of her eyes has melted your + brother’s hard heart; her kindness and gentleness bring beauty into the + night of my blind old age, and her sweet earnestness and gravity have + changed your sister Atossa from an unruly child into a gentle maiden. But + now call them, (they are playing in the garden), and we will tell them of + the new friend they are to gain through you.” + </p> + <p> + “Pardon me, my mother,” answered Bartja, “but I must beg you not to tell + my sister until we are sure of the king’s consent.” + </p> + <p> + “You are right, my son. We must conceal your wish, to save Nitetis and + Atossa from a possible disappointment. A bright hope unfulfilled is harder + to bear than an unexpected sorrow. So let us wait for your brother’s + consent, and may the gods give their blessing!” Early in the morning of + the king’s birthday the Persians offered their sacrifices on the shores of + the Euphrates. A huge altar of silver had been raised on an artificial + hill. On this a mighty fire had been kindled, from which flames and sweet + odors rose towards heaven. White-robed magi fed the fire with pieces of + daintily-cut sandal-wood, and stirred it with bundles of rods. + </p> + <p> + A cloth, the Paiti-dhana, was bound round the heads of the priests, the + ends of which covered the mouth, and thus preserved the pure fire from + pollution by human breath. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Persians were ordered to hold this little square piece of cloth + before their mouths when they prayed. It was from 2 to 7 fingers + broad. Anquetil gives a drawing of it in his Zend-Avesia. Strabo + speaks of the Paiti-dhana p. 733. He says the ends of the cloth + used as a covering for the head hung down over the mouth.] +</pre> + <p> + The victims had been slaughtered in a meadow near the river, the flesh cut + into pieces, sprinkled with salt, and laid out on tender grasses, sprouts + of clover, myrtle-blossoms, and laurel-leaves, that the beautiful daughter + of Ormuzd, the patient, sacred Earth, might not be touched by aught that + was dead or bleeding. + </p> + <p> + Oropastes, the chief Destur,—[Priest]—now drew near the fire + and cast fresh butter into it. The flames leapt up into the air and all + the Persians fell on their knees and hid their faces, in the belief that + the fire was now ascending to their great god and father. The Magian then + took a mortar, laid some leaves and stalks of the sacred herb Haomas + within it, crushed them and poured the ruddy juice, the food of the gods, + into the flames. + </p> + <p> + After this he raised his hands to heaven, and, while the other priests + continually fed the flames into a wilder blaze by casting in fresh butter, + sang a long prayer out of the sacred books. In this prayer the blessing of + the gods was called down on everything pure and good, but principally on + the king and his entire realm. The good spirits of light, life and truth; + of all noble deeds; of the Earth, the universal giver; of the refreshing + waters, the shining metals, the pastures, trees and innocent creatures, + were praised: the evil spirits of darkness; of lying, the deceiver of + mankind; of disease, death and sin; of the rigid cold; the desolating + heat; of all odious dirt and vermin, were cursed, together with their + father the malignant Ahriman. At the end all present joined in singing the + festival prayer: “Purity and glory are sown for them that are pure and + upright in heart.” + </p> + <p> + The sacrificial ceremony was concluded with the king’s prayer, and then + Cambyses, arrayed in his richest robes, ascended a splendid chariot drawn + by four snow-white Nicoean horses, and studded with topazes, cornelian and + amber, and was conveyed to the great reception-hall, where the deputies + and officers from the provinces awaited him. + </p> + <p> + As soon as the king and his retinue had departed, the priests selected, + for themselves, the best pieces of the flesh which had been offered in + sacrifice, and allowed the thronging crowd to take the rest. + </p> + <p> + The Persian divinities disdained sacrifices in the light of food, + requiring only the souls of the slaughtered animals, and many a poor man, + especially among the priests, subsisted on the flesh of the abundant royal + sacrifices. + </p> + <p> + The prayer offered up by the Magian was a model for those of the Persian + people. No man was allowed to ask anything of the gods for himself alone. + Every pious soul was rather to implore blessings for his nation; for was + not each only a part of the whole? and did not each man share in the + blessings granted to the whole kingdom? But especially they were commanded + to pray for the king, in whom the realm was embodied and shadowed forth. + It was this beautiful surrender of self for the public weal, that had made + the Persians great. The doctrines of the Egyptian priesthood represented + the Pharaohs as actual divinities, while the Persian monarchs were only + called “sons of the gods;” yet the power of the latter was far more + absolute and unfettered than that of the former; the reason for this being + that the Persians had been wise enough to free themselves from priestly + domination, while the Pharaohs, as we have seen, if not entirely under the + dominion of the priestly caste, were yet under its influence in the most + important matters. + </p> + <p> + The Egyptian intolerance of all strange religions was unknown in Asia. The + conquered Babylonians were allowed by Cyrus to retain their own gods, + after their incorporation in the great Asiatic kingdom. The Jews, Ionians + and inhabitants of Asia Minor, in short, the entire mass of nations + subject to Cambyses remained unmolested in possession of their hereditary + religions and customs. + </p> + <p> + Beside the great altar, therefore, might be seen many a smaller + sacrificial flame, kindled in honor of their own divinities, by the envoys + from the conquered provinces to this great birthday feast. + </p> + <p> + Viewed from a distance, the immense city looked like a gigantic furnace. + Thick clouds of smoke hovered over its towers, obscuring the light of the + burning May sun. + </p> + <p> + By the time the king had reached the palace, the multitude who had come to + take part in the festival had formed themselves into a procession of + interminable length, which wandered on through the straight streets of + Babylon towards the royal palace. + </p> + <p> + Their road was strewn with myrtle and palm-branches, roses, poppy and + oleander-blossoms, and with leaves of the silver poplar, palm and laurel; + the air perfumed with incense, myrrh, and a thousand other sweet odors. + Carpets and flags waved and fluttered from the houses. + </p> + <p> + Music too was there; the shrill peal of the Median trumpet, and soft tone + of the Phrygian flute; the Jewish cymbal and harp, Paphlagonian + tambourines and the stringed instruments of Ionia; Syrian kettle-drums and + cymbals, the shells and drums of the Arians from the mouth of the Indus, + and the loud notes of the Bactrian battle-trumpets. But above all these + resounded the rejoicing shouts of the Babylonian multitude, subjugated by + the Persians only a few short years before, and yet, like all Asiatics, + wearing their fetters with an air of gladness so long as the fear of their + tyrant was before their eyes. + </p> + <p> + The fragrant odors, the blaze of color and sparkling of gold and jewels, + the neighing of the horses, and shouts and songs of human beings, all + united to produce a whole, at once bewildering and intoxicating to the + senses and the feelings. + </p> + <p> + The messengers had not been sent up to Babylon empty-handed. Beautiful + horses, huge elephants and comical monkeys; rhinoceroses and buffaloes + adorned with housings and tassels; double-humped Bactrian camels with gold + collars on their shaggy necks; waggon-loads of rare woods and ivory, woven + goods of exquisite texture, casks of ingots and gold-dust, gold and silver + vessels, rare plants for the royal gardens, and foreign animals for the + preserves, the most remarkable of which were antelopes, zebras, and rare + monkeys and birds, these last being tethered to a tree in full leaf and + fluttering among the branches. Such were the offerings sent to the great + king of Persia. + </p> + <p> + They were the tribute of the conquered nations and, after having been + shown to the king, were weighed and tested by treasurers and secretaries, + either declared satisfactory, or found wanting and returned, in which case + the niggardly givers were condemned to bring a double tribute later. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [At the time of which we are writing, the kings of Persia taxed + their kingdom at whatever time and to whatever extent seemed good in + their own eyes. Cambyses’ successor, Darius, was the first to + introduce a regular system of taxation, in consequence of which he + was nicknamed “the shopkeeper.” Up to a much later period it still + remained the duty of certain districts to send natural products to + the court Herod. I. 192. Xenoph. Anab. IV. 5.] +</pre> + <p> + The palace-gates were reached without hindrance, the way being kept clear + by lines of soldiers and whipbearers stationed on either side of the + street. + </p> + <p> + If the royal progress to the place of sacrifice, when five hundred + richly-caprisoned horses had been led behind the king’s chariot, could be + called magnificent, and the march of the envoys a brilliant spectacle, the + great throne-room presented a vision of dazzling and magic beauty. + </p> + <p> + In the background, raised on six steps, each of which was guarded, as it + were, by two golden clogs, stood the throne of gold; above it, supported + by four golden pillars studded with precious stones, was a purple canopy, + on which appeared two winged discs, the king’s Feruer. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Feruer or Ferwer is the spiritual part of every man-his soul + and reason. It was in existence before the man was horn, joins him + at his birth and departs at his death. The Ferwer keeps up a war + with the Diws or evil spirits, and is the element of man’s + preservation in life. The moment he departs, the body returns to + its original elements. After death he becomes immortal if he has + done well, but if his deeds have been evil he is cast into hell. It + is right to call upon the Ferwer and entreat his help. He will + bring the prayer before God and on this account is represented as a + winged disc.] +</pre> + <p> + Fan-bearers, high in office at the court, stood behind the throne, and, on + either side, those who sat at the king’s table, his relations and friends, + and the most important among the officers of state, the priestly caste and + the eunuchs. + </p> + <p> + The walls and ceiling of the entire hall were covered with plates of + burnished gold, and the floor with purple carpets. + </p> + <p> + Before the silver gates lay winged bulls, and the king’s body-guard-their + dress consisting of a gold cuirass under a purple overcoat, and the high + Persian cap, their swords in golden scabbards glittering with jewels, and + their lances ornamented with gold and silver apples, were stationed in the + court of the palace. Among them the band of the “Immortals” was easily to + be distinguished by their stately forms and dauntless bearing. + </p> + <p> + Officers, whose duty consisted in announcing and presenting strangers, and + who carried short ivory staves, led the deputies into the hall, and up to + the throne, where they cast themselves on the ground as though they would + kiss the earth, concealing their hands in the sleeves of their robes. A + cloth was bound over the mouth of every man before he was allowed to + answer the king’s questions, lest the pure person of the king should be + polluted by the breath of common men. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses’ severity or mildness towards the deputations with whose chiefs + he spoke, was proportioned to the obedience of their province and the + munificence of their tribute-offerings. Near the end of the train appeared + an embassy from the Jews, led by two grave men with sharply-cut features + and long beards. Cambyses called on them in a friendly tone to stop. + </p> + <p> + The first of these men was dressed in the fashion of the Babylonian + aristocracy. The other wore a purple robe woven without seam, trimmed with + bells and tassels, and held in at the waist by a girdle of blue, red and + white. A blue garment was thrown over his shoulders and a little bag + suspended around his neck containing the sacred lots, the Urim and + Thummin, adorned with twelve precious stones set in gold, and bearing the + names of the tribes of Israel. The high-priest’s brow was grave and + thoughtful. A white cloth was wound round his head, the ends of which hung + down to the shoulders. + </p> + <p> + “I rejoice to behold you once more, Belteshazzar,” exclaimed the king to + the former of the two men. “Since the death of my father you have not been + seen at my gate.” + </p> + <p> + The man thus addressed bowed humbly and answered: “The favor of the king + rejoices his servant! If it seem good unto thee, to cause the sun of thy + favor to shine on me, thine unworthy servant, so hearken unto my petition + for my nation, which thy great father caused to return unto the land of + their fathers’ sepulchres. This old man at my side, Joshua, the + high-priest of our God, hath not feared the long journey to Babylon, that + he might bring his request before thy face. Let his speech be pleasing in + thine ears and his words bring forth fruit in thine heart.” + </p> + <p> + “I foresee what ye desire of me,” cried the king. “Am I wrong, priest, in + supposing that your petition refers to the building of the temple in your + native land?” + </p> + <p> + “Nothing can be hidden from the eyes of my lord,” answered the priest, + bowing low. “Thy servants in Jerusalem desire to behold the face of their + ruler, and beseech thee by my mouth to visit the land of their fathers, + and to grant them permission to set forward the work of the temple, + concerning which thine illustrious father (the favor of our God rest upon + him), made a decree.” + </p> + <p> + The king answered with a smile: “You have the craft of your nation, and + understand how to choose the right time and words for your petition. On my + birthday it is difficult for me to refuse my faithful people even one + request. I promise you, therefore, so soon as possible to visit Jerusalem + and the land of your fathers.” + </p> + <p> + “By so doing thou wilt make glad the hearts of thy servants,” answered the + priest; “our vines and olives will bear more fruit at thine approach, our + gates will lift up their heads to receive thee, and Israel rejoice with + shouts to meet his lord doubly blessed if as lord of the building—” + </p> + <p> + “Enough, priest, enough!” cried Cambyses. “Your first petition, I have + said it, shall not remain unfulfilled; for I have long desired to visit + the wealthy city of Tyre, the golden Sidon, and Jerusalem with its strange + superstitions; but were I to give permission for the building now, what + would remain for me to grant you in the coming year?” + </p> + <p> + “Thy servants will no more molest thee by their petitions, if thou grant + unto them this one, to finish the temple of the Lord their God,” answered + the priest. + </p> + <p> + “Strange beings, these men of Palestine!” exclaimed Cambyses. “I have + heard it said that ye believe in one God alone, who can be represented by + no likeness, and is a spirit. Think ye then that this omnipresent Being + requires a house? Verily, your great spirit can be but a weak and + miserable creature, if he need a covering from the wind and rain, and a + shelter from the heat which he himself has created. If your God be like + ours, omnipresent, fall down before him and worship as we do, in every + place, and feel certain that everywhere ye will be heard of him!” + </p> + <p> + “The God of Israel hears his people in every place,” exclaimed the + high-priest. “He heard us when we pined in captivity under the Pharaohs + far from our land; he heard us weeping by the rivers of Babylon. He chose + thy father to be the instrument of our deliverance, and will hear my + prayer this day and soften thine heart like wise. O mighty king, grant + unto thy servants a common place of sacrifice, whither our twelve tribes + may repair, an altar on the steps of which they can pray together, a house + in which to keep their holy feasts! For this permission we will call down + the blessing of God upon thine head and his curse upon thine enemies.” + </p> + <p> + “Grant unto my brethren the permission to build their temple!” added + Belteshazzar, who was the richest and most honorable and respected of the + Jews yet remaining in Babylon; a man whom Cyrus had treated with much + consideration, and of whom he had even taken counsel from time to time. + </p> + <p> + “Will ye then be peaceable, if I grant your petition?” asked the king. “My + father allowed you to begin the work and granted the means for its + completion. Of one mind, happy and content, ye returned to your native + land, but while pursuing your work strife and contention entered among + you. Cyrus was assailed by repeated letters, signed by the chief men of + Syria, entreating him to forbid the work, and I also have been lately + besought to do the same. Worship your God when and where ye will, but just + because I desire your welfare, I cannot consent to the prosecution of a + work which kindles discord among you.” + </p> + <p> + “And is it then thy pleasure on this day to take back a favor, which thy + father made sure unto us by a written decree?” asked Belteshazzar. + </p> + <p> + “A written decree?” + </p> + <p> + “Which will surely be found even to this day laid up in the archives of + thy kingdom.” + </p> + <p> + “Find this decree and show it me, and I will not only allow the building + to be continued, but will promote the same,” answered the king; “for my + father’s will is as sacred to me as the commands of the gods.” + </p> + <p> + “Wilt thou allow search to be made in the house of the rolls at Ecbatana?” + asked Belteshazzar. “The decree will surely be found there.” + </p> + <p> + “I consent, but I fear ye will find none. Tell thy nation, priest, that I + am content with the equipment of the men of war they have sent to take the + field against the Massagetae. My general Megabyzus commends their looks + and bearing. May thy people prove as valiant now as in the wars of my + father! You, Belteshazzar, I bid to my marriage feast, and charge you to + tell your fellows, Meshach and Abednego, next unto you the highest in the + city of Babylon, that I expect them this evening at my table.” + </p> + <p> + “The God of my people Israel grant thee blessing and happiness,” answered + Belteshazzar bowing low before the king. + </p> + <p> + “A wish which I accept!” answered the king, “for I do not despise the + power of your wonder-working great Spirit. But one word more, + Belteshazzar. Many Jews have lately been punished for reviling the gods of + the Babylonians. Warn your people! They bring down hatred on themselves by + their stiff-necked superstition, and the pride with which they declare + their own great spirit to be the only true God. Take example by us; we are + content with our own faith and leave others to enjoy theirs in peace. + Cease to look upon yourselves as better than the rest of the world. I wish + you well, for a pride founded on self-respect is pleasing in mine eyes; + but take heed lest pride degenerate into vainglory. Farewell! rest assured + of my favor.” + </p> + <p> + The Jews then departed. They were disappointed, but not hopeless; for + Belteshazzar knew well that the decree, relative to the building of the + temple, must be in the archives at Ecbatana. + </p> + <p> + They were followed by a deputation from Syria, and by the Greeks of Ionia; + and then, winding up the long train, appeared a band of wild-looking men, + dressed in the skins of animals, whose features bespoke them foreigners in + Babylon. They wore girdles and shoulderbands of solid, unwrought gold; and + of the same precious metal were their bow-cases, axes, lance-points, and + the ornaments on their high fur caps. They were preceded by a man in + Persian dress, whose features proved him, however, to be of the same race + as his followers. + </p> + <p> + The king gazed at first on these envoys with wonder; then his brow + darkened, and beckoning the officer whose duty it was to present + strangers, he exclaimed “What can these men have to crave of me? If I + mistake not they belong to the Massagetae, to that people who are so soon + to tremble before my vengeance. Tell them, Gobryas, that an armed host is + standing on the Median plains ready to answer their demands with the + sword.” + </p> + <p> + Gobryas answered, bowing low: “These men arrived this morning during the + sacrifice bringing huge burdens of the purest gold to purchase your + forbearance. When they heard that a great festival was being celebrated in + your honor, they urgently besought to be admitted into your presence, that + they might declare the message entrusted to them by their country.” + </p> + <p> + The king’s brow cleared and, after sharply scrutinizing the tall, bearded + Massageta, he said: “Let them come nearer. I am curious to know what + proposals my father’s murderers are about to make me.” + </p> + <p> + Gobryas made a sign, and the tallest and eldest of the Massagetae came up + close to the throne and began to speak loudly in his native tongue. He was + accompanied by the man in a Persian dress, who, as one of Cyrus’ prisoners + of war, had learnt the Persian language, and now interpreted one by one + the sentences uttered by the spokesman of this wandering tribe. + </p> + <p> + “We know,” began the latter, “that thou, great king, art wroth with the + Massagetae because thy father fell in war with our tribe—a war which + he alone had provoked with a people who had done naught to offend him.” + </p> + <p> + “My father was justified in punishing your nation,” interrupted the king. + “Your Queen Tomyris had dared to refuse him her hand in marriage.” + </p> + <p> + “Be not wroth, O King,” answered the Massagetan, “when I tell thee that + our entire nation approved of that act. Even a child could see that the + great Cyrus only desired to add our queen to the number of his wives, + hoping, in his insatiable thirst for more territories, to gain our land + with her.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses was silent and the envoy went on. “Cyrus caused a bridge to be + made over our boundary river, the Araxes. We were not dismayed at this, + and Tomyris sent word that he might save himself this trouble, for that + the Massagetae were willing either to await him quietly in their own land, + leaving the passage of the river free, or to meet him in his. Cyrus + decided, by the advice of the dethroned king of Lydia, (as we learnt + afterwards, through some prisoners of war) on meeting us in our own land + and defeating us by a stratagem. With this intention he sent at first only + a small body of troops, which could be easily dispersed and destroyed by + our arrows and lances, and allowed us to seize his camp without striking a + blow. Believing we had defeated this insatiable conqueror, we feasted on + his abundant stores, and, poisoned by the sweet unknown drink which you + call wine, fell into a stupefied slumber, during which his soldiers fell + upon us, murdered the greater number of our warriors and took many + captives. Among the latter was the brave, young Spargapises, our queen’s + son. + </p> + <p> + “Hearing in his captivity, that his mother was willing to conclude peace + with your nation as the price of his liberty, he asked to have his chains + taken off. The request was granted, and on obtaining the use of his hands + he seized a sword and stabbed himself, exclaiming: ‘I sacrifice my life + for the freedom of my nation.’” + </p> + <p> + “No sooner did we hear the news that the young prince we loved so well had + died thus, than we assembled all the forces yet left to us from your + swords and fetters. Even old men and boys flew to arms to revenge our + noble Spargapises, and sacrifice themselves, after his example, for + Massagetaen freedom. Our armies met; ye were worsted and Cyrus fell. When + Tomyris found his body lying in a pool of human blood, she cried: + ‘Methinks, insatiable conqueror, thou art at last sated with blood!’ The + troop, composed of the flower of your nobility, which you call the + Immortals, drove us back and carried your father’s dead body forth from + our closest ranks. You led them on, fighting like a lion. I know you well, + and that wound across your manly face, which adorns it like a purple badge + of honor, was made by the sword now hanging at my side.” + </p> + <p> + A movement passed through the listening crowd; they trembled for the bold + speaker’s life. Cambyses, however, looked pleased, nodded approvingly to + the man and answered: “Yes, I recognize you too now; you rode a red horse + with golden trappings. You shall see that the Persians know how to honor + courage. Bow down before this man, my friends, for never did I see a + sharper sword nor a more unwearied arm than his; and such heroic courage + deserves honor from the brave, whether shown by friend or foe. As for you, + Massagetae, I would advise you to go home quickly and prepare for war; the + mere recollection of your strength and courage increases my longing to + test it once more. A brave foe, by Mithras, is far better than a feeble + friend. You shall be allowed to return home in peace; but beware of + remaining too long within my reach, lest the thought of the vengeance I + owe my father’s soul should rouse my anger, and your end draw suddenly + nigh.” + </p> + <p> + A bitter smile played round the bearded mouth of the warrior as he made + answer to this speech. “The Massagetae deem your father’s soul too well + avenged already. The only son of our queen, his people’s pride, and in no + way inferior to Cyrus, has bled for him. The shores of the Araxes have + been fertilized by the bodies of fifty thousand of my countrymen, slain as + offerings for your dead king, while only thirty thousand fell there on + your own side. We fought as bravely as you, but your armor is better able + to resist the arrows which pierce our clothing of skins. And lastly, as + the most cruel blow of all, ye slew our queen.” + </p> + <p> + “Tomyris is dead?” exclaimed Cambyses interrupting him. “You mean to tell + me that the Persians have killed a woman? Answer at once, what has + happened to your queen?” + </p> + <p> + “Tomyris died ten months ago of grief for the loss of her only son, and I + have therefore a right to say that she too fell a sacrifice to the war + with Persia and to your father’s spirit.” + </p> + <p> + “She was a great woman,” murmured Cambyses, his voice unsteady from + emotion. “Verily, I begin to think that the gods themselves have + undertaken to revenge my father’s blood on your nation. Yet I tell you + that, heavy as your losses may seem, Spargapises, Tomyris and fifty + thousand Massagetae can never outweigh the spirit of one king of Persia, + least of all of a Cyrus.” + </p> + <p> + “In our country,” answered the envoy, “death makes all men equal. The + spirits of the king and the slave are of equal worth. Your father was a + great man, but we have undergone awful sufferings for his sake. My tale is + not yet ended. After the death of Tomyris discord broke out among the + Massagetae. Two claimants for the crown appeared; half our nation fought + for the one, half for the other, and our hosts were thinned, first by this + fearful civil war and then by the pestilence which followed in its track. + We can no longer resist your power, and therefore come with heavy loads of + pure gold as the price of peace.” + </p> + <p> + “Ye submit then without striking a blow?” asked Cambyses. “Verily, I had + expected something else from such heroes; the numbers of my host, which + waits assembled on the plains of Media, will prove that. We cannot go to + battle without an enemy. I will dismiss my troops and send a satrap. Be + welcome as new subjects of my realm.” + </p> + <p> + The red blood mounted into the cheeks of the Massagetan warrior on hearing + these words, and he answered in a voice trembling with excitement: “You + err, O King, if you imagine that we have lost our old courage, or learnt + to long for slavery. But we know your strength; we know that the small + remnant of our nation, which war and pestilence have spared, cannot resist + your vast and well-armed hosts. This we admit, freely and honestly as is + the manner of the Massagetae, declaring however at the same time, that we + are determined to govern ourselves as of yore, and will never receive laws + or ordinances from a Persian satrap. You are wroth, but I can bear your + angry gaze and yet repeat my declaration.” + </p> + <p> + “And my answer,” cried Cambyses, “is this: Ye have but one choice: either + to submit to my sceptre, become united to the kingdom of Persia under the + name of the Massagetan province, and receive a satrap as my representative + with due reverence, or to look upon yourselves as my enemies, in which + case you will be forced by arms to conform to those conditions which I now + offer you in good part. To-day you could secure a ruler well-affected to + your cause, later you will find in me only a conqueror and avenger. + Consider well before you answer.” + </p> + <p> + “We have already weighed and considered all,” answered the warrior, “and, + as free sons of the desert, prefer death to bondage. Hear what the council + of our old men has sent me to declare to you:—The Massageta; have + become too weak to oppose the Persians, not through their own fault, but + through the heavy visitation of our god, the sun. We know that you have + armed a vast host against us, and we are ready to buy peace and liberty by + a yearly tribute. But if you persist in compelling us to submit by force + of arms, you can only bring great damage on yourselves. The moment your + army nears the Araxes, we shall depart with our wives and children and + seek another home, for we have no fixed dwellings like yours, but are + accustomed to rove at will on our swift horses, and to rest in tents. Our + gold we shall take with us, and shall fill up, destroy, and conceal the + pits in which you could find new treasures. We know every spot where gold + is to be found, and can give it in abundance, if you grant us peace and + leave us our liberty; but, if you venture to invade our territory, you win + nothing but an empty desert and an enemy always beyond your reach,—an + enemy who may become formidable, when he has had time to recover from the + heavy losses which have thinned his ranks. Leave us in peace and freedom + and we are ready to give every year five thousand swift horses of the + desert, besides the yearly tribute of gold; we will also come to the help + of the Persian nation when threatened by any serious danger.” + </p> + <p> + The envoy ceased speaking. Cambyses did not answer at once; his eyes were + fixed on the ground in deep thought. At last he said, rising at the same + time from his throne: “We will take counsel on this matter over the wine + to-night, and to-morrow you shall hear what answer you can bring to your + people. Gobryas, see that these men are well cared for, and send the + Massagetan, who wounded me in battle, a portion of the best dishes from my + own table.” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0015" id="link2HCH0015"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XV. + </h2> + <p> + During these events Nitetis had been sitting alone in her house on the + hanging-gardens, absorbed in the saddest thoughts. To-day, for the first + time, she had taken part in the general sacrifice made by the king’s + wives, and had tried to pray to her new gods in the open air, before the + fire-altars and amidst the sound of religious songs strange to her ears. + </p> + <p> + Most of the inhabitants of the harem saw her to-day for the first time, + and instead of raising their eyes to heaven, had fixed them on her during + the ceremony. The inquisitive, malevolent gaze of her rivals, and the loud + music resounding from the city, disquieted and distracted her mind. Her + thoughts reverted painfully to the solemn, sultry stillness of the + gigantic temples in her native land where she had worshipped the gods of + her childhood so earnestly at the side of her mother and sister; and much + as she longed, just on this day, to pray for blessings on her beloved + king, all her efforts were in vain; she could arouse no devotional + feeling. Kassandane and Atossa knelt at her side, joining heartily in the + very hymns which to Nitetis were an empty sound. + </p> + <p> + It cannot be denied, that many parts of these hymns contain true poetry; + but they become wearisome through the constant repetition and invocation + of the names of good and bad spirits. The Persian women had been taught + from childhood, to look upon these religious songs as higher and holier + than any other poetry. Their earliest prayers had been accompanied by such + hymns, and, like everything else which has come down to us from our + fathers, and which we have been told in the impressionable time of + childhood is divine and worthy of our reverence, they were still sacred + and dear to them and stirred their most devotional feelings. + </p> + <p> + But for Nitetis, who had been spoilt for such things by an intimate + acquaintance with the best Greek poets, they could have but little charm. + What she had lately been learning in Persia with difficulty had not yet + become a part of herself, and so, while Kassandane and Atossa went through + all the outward rites as things of course and perfectly natural to them, + Nitetis could only prevent herself from forgetting the prescribed + ceremonials by a great mental effort, and dreaded lest she should expose + her ignorance to the jealous, watchful gaze of her rivals. + </p> + <p> + And then, too, only a few minutes before the sacrifice, she had received + her first letter from Egypt. It lay unread on her dressing-table, and came + into her mind whenever she attempted to pray. She could not help wondering + what news it might bring her. How were her parents? and how had Tachot + borne the parting from herself, and from the prince she loved so well? + </p> + <p> + The ceremony over, Nitetis embraced Kassandane and Atossa, and drew a + long, deep breath, as if delivered from some threatening danger. Then + ordering her litter, she was carried back to her dwelling, and hastened + eagerly to the table where her letter lay. Her principal attendant, the + young girl who on the journey had dressed her in her first Persian robes, + received her with a smile full of meaning and promise, which changed + however, into a look of astonishment, on seeing her mistress seize the + letter, without even glancing at the articles of dress and jewelery which + lay on the table. + </p> + <p> + Nitetis broke the seal quickly and was sitting down, in order to begin the + difficult work of reading her letter, when the girl came up, and with + clasped hands, exclaimed: “By Mithras, my mistress, I cannot understand + you. Either you are ill, or that ugly bit of grey stuff must contain some + magic which makes you blind to everything else. Put that roll away and + look at the splendid presents that the great king (Auramazda grant him + victory!) has sent while you were at the sacrifice. Look at this wonderful + purple robe with the white stripe and the rich silver embroidery; and then + the tiara with the royal diamonds! Do not you know the high meaning of + these gifts? Cambyses begs, (the messenger said ‘begs,’ not ‘commands’) + you to wear these splendid ornaments at the banquet to-day. How angry + Phaedime will be! and how the others will look, for they have never + received such presents. Till now only Kassandane has had a right to wear + the purple and diamonds; so by sending you these gifts, Cambyses places + you on a level with his mother, and chooses you to be his favorite wife + before the whole world.’ O pray allow me to dress you in these new and + beautiful things. How lovely you will look! How angry and envious the + others will feel! If I could only be there when you enter the hall! Come, + my mistress, let me take off your simple dress, and array you, (only as a + trial you know,) in the robes that as the new queen you ought to wear.” + </p> + <p> + Nitetis listened in silence to the chattering girl, and admired the gifts + with a quiet smile. She was woman enough to rejoice at the sight, for he, + whom she loved better than life itself, had sent them; and they were a + proof that she was more to the king than all his other wives;—that + Cambyses really loved her. The long wished-for letter fell unread to the + ground, the girl’s wish to dress her was granted without a word, and in a + short time the splendid toilette was completed. The royal purple added to + her beauty, the high flashing tiara made her slender, perfect figure seem + taller than it really was, and when, in the metal mirror which lay on her + dressing table, she beheld herself for the first time in the glorious + likeness of a queen, a new expression dawned on her features. It seemed as + if a portion of her lord’s pride were reflected there. The frivolous + waiting-woman sank involuntarily on her knees, as her eyes, full of + smiling admiration, met the radiant glance of Nitetis,—of the woman + who was beloved by the most powerful of men. + </p> + <p> + For a few moments Nitetis gazed on the girl, lying in the dust at her + feet; but soon shook her beautiful head, and blushing for shame, raised + her kindly, kissed her forehead, gave her a gold bracelet, and then, + perceiving her letter on the ground, told her she wished to be alone. + Mandane ran, rather than walked, out of the room in her eagerness to show + the splendid present she had just received to the inferior attendants and + slaves; and Nitetis, her eyes glistening and her heart beating with excess + of happiness, threw herself on to the ivory chair which stood before her + dressing-table, uttered a short prayer of thanksgiving to her favorite + Egyptian goddess, the beautiful Hathor, kissed the gold chain which + Cambyses had given her after plunging into the water for her ball, then + her letter from home, and rendered almost over-confident by her great + happiness, began to unroll it, slowly sinking back into the purple + cushions as she did so and murmuring: “How very, very happy I am! Poor + letter, I am sure your writer never thought Nitetis would leave you a + quarter of an hour on the ground unread.” + </p> + <p> + In this happy mood she began to read, but her face soon grew serious and + when she had finished, the letter fell once more to the ground. + </p> + <p> + Her eyes, whose proud glance had brought the waiting-maid to her feet, + were dimmed by tears; her head, carried so proudly but a few minutes + before, now lay on the jewels which covered the table. Tears rolled down + among the pearls and diamonds, as strange a contrast as the proud tiara + and its unhappy, fainting wearer. + </p> + <p> + The letter read as follows: + </p> + <p> + “Ladice the wife of Amasis and Queen of Upper and Lower Egypt, to her + daughter Nitetis, consort of the great King of Persia. + </p> + <p> + “It has not been our fault, my beloved daughter, that you have remained so + long without news from home. The trireme by which we sent our letters for + you to AEgae was detained by Samian ships of war, or rather pirate + vessels, and towed into the harbor of Astypalaea. + </p> + <p> + “Polykrates’ presumption increases with the continual success of his + undertakings, and since his victory over the Lesbians and Milesians, who + endeavored to put a stop to his depredations, not a ship is safe from the + attacks of his pirate vessels. + </p> + <p> + “Pisistratus is dead,” but his sons are friendly to Polykrates. Lygdamis + is under obligations to him, and cannot hold his own in Naxos without + Samian help. He has won over the Amphiktyonic council to his side by + presenting the Apollo of Delos with the neighboring island of Rhenea. His + fifty-oared vessels, requiring to be manned by twenty-thousand men, do + immense damage to all the seafaring nations; yet not one dares to attack + him, as the fortifications of his citadel and his splendid harbor are + almost impregnable, and he himself always surrounded by a well-drilled + body-guard. + </p> + <p> + “Through the traders, who followed the fortunate Kolxus to the far west, + and these pirate ships, Samos will become the richest of islands and + Polykrates the most powerful of men, unless, as your father says, the gods + become envious of such unchanging good fortune and prepare him a sudden + and speedy downfall. + </p> + <p> + “In this fear Amasis advised Polykrates as his old friend, to put away + from him the thing he held dearest, and in such a manner that he might be + sure of never receiving it again. Polykrates adopted this advice and threw + into the sea, from the top of the round tower on his citadel, his most + valuable signet-ring, an unusually large sardonyx held by two dolphins. + This ring was the work of Theodorus, and a lyre, the symbol of the ruler, + was exquisitely engraved on the stone.” + </p> + <p> + “Six days later, however, the ring was found by Polykrates’ cooks in the + body of a fish. He sent us news at once of this strange occurrence, but + instead of rejoicing your father shook his grey head sadly, saying: ‘he + saw now it was impossible for any one to avoid his destiny!’ On the same + day he renounced the friendship of Polykrates and wrote him word, that he + should endeavor to forget him in order to avoid the grief of seeing his + friend in misfortune. + </p> + <p> + “Polykrates laughed at this message and returned the letters his pirates + had taken from our trireme, with a derisive greeting. For the future all + your letters will be sent by Syria. + </p> + <p> + “You will ask me perhaps, why I have told you this long story, which has + so much less interest for you than any other home news. I answer: to + prepare you for your father’s state. Would you have recognized the + cheerful, happy, careless Amasis in that gloomy answer to his Samian + friend? + </p> + <p> + “Alas, my husband has good reason to be sad, and since you left us, my own + eyes have seldom been free from tears. My time is passed either at the + sick-bed of your sister or in comforting your father and guiding his + steps; and though much in need of sleep I am now taking advantage of night + to write these lines. + </p> + <p> + “Here I was interrupted by the nurses, calling me to your sister Tachot, + your own true friend. + </p> + <p> + “How often the dear child has called you in her feverish delirium; and how + carefully she treasures your likeness in wax, that wonderful portrait + which bears evidence not only of the height to which Greek art has risen, + but of the master hand of the great Theodorus. To-morrow it will be sent + to AEgina, to be copied in gold, as the soft wax becomes injured from + frequent contact with your sister’s burning hands and lips. + </p> + <p> + “And now, my daughter, you must summon all your courage to hear what I + need all my strength of mind to tell-the sad story of the fate which the + gods have decreed for our house. + </p> + <p> + “For three days after you left us Tachot wept incessantly. Neither our + comforting words nor your father’s good advice—neither offerings nor + prayers—could avail to lessen her grief or divert her mind. At last + on the fourth day she ceased to weep and would answer our questions in a + low voice, as if resigned; but spent the greater part of every day sitting + silently at her wheel. Her fingers, however, which used to be so skilful, + either broke the threads they tried to spin, or lay for hours idle in her + lap, while she was lost in dreams. Your father’s jokes, at which she used + to laugh so heartily, made no impression on her, and when I endeavored to + reason with her she listened in anxious suspense. + </p> + <p> + “If I kissed her forehead and begged her to control herself, she would + spring up, blushing deeply, and throw herself into my arms, then sit down + again to her wheel and begin to pull at the threads with almost frantic + eagerness; but in half an hour her hands would be lying idle in her lap + again and her eyes dreamily fixed, either on the ground, or on some spot + in the air. If we forced her to take part in any entertainment, she would + wander among the guests totally uninterested in everything that was + passing. + </p> + <p> + “We took her with us on the great pilgrimage to Bubastis, during which the + Egyptians forget their usual gravity, and the shores of the Nile look like + a great stage where the wild games of the satyrs are being performed by + choruses, hurried on in the unrestrained wantonness of intoxication. When + she saw thus for the first time an entire people given up to the wildest + and most unfettered mirth and enjoyment, she woke up from her silent + brooding thoughts and began to weep again, as in the first days after you + went away. + </p> + <p> + “Sad and perplexed, we brought our poor child back to Sais. + </p> + <p> + “Her looks were not those of a common mortal. She grew thinner, and we all + fancied, taller; her complexion was white, and almost transparent, with a + tender bloom on her cheek, which I can only liken to a young rose-leaf or + the first faint blush of sunrise. Her eyes are still wonderfully clear and + bright. It always seems to me as if they looked beyond the heaven and + earth which we see. + </p> + <p> + “As she continued to suffer more and more from heat in the head and hands, + while her tender limbs often shivered with a slight chill, we sent to + Thebes for Thutmes, the most celebrated physician for inward complaints. + </p> + <p> + “The experienced priest shook his head on seeing your sister and foretold + a serious illness. He forbade her to spin or to speak much. Potions of all + kinds were given her to drink, her illness was discussed and exorcised, + the stars and oracles consulted, rich presents and sacrifices made to the + gods. The priest of Hathor from the island of Philae sent us a consecrated + amulet, the priest of Osiris in Abydos a lock of hair from the god himself + set in gold, and Neithotep, the high-priest of our own guardian goddess, + set on foot a great sacrifice, which was to restore your sister to health. + </p> + <p> + “But neither physicians nor charms were of any avail, and at last + Neithotep confessed that Tachot’s stars gave but little ground for hope. + Just then, too, the sacred bull at Memphis died and the priests could + discover no heart in his entrails, which they interpreted as + prognosticating evil to our country. They have not yet succeeded in + finding a new Apis, and believe that the gods are wroth with your father’s + kingdom. Indeed the oracle of Buto has declared that the Immortals will + show no favor to Egypt, until all the temples that have been built in the + black land for the worship of false gods are destroyed and their + worshippers banished. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Egypt was called by its ancient inhabitants Cham, the black, + or black-earthed.] +</pre> + <p> + “These evil omens have proved, alas, only too true. Tachot fell ill of a + dreadful fever and lay for nine days hovering between life and death; she + is still so weak that she must be carried, and can move neither hand nor + foot. + </p> + <p> + “During the journey to Bubastis, Amasis’ eyes, as so often happens here, + became inflamed. Instead of sparing them, he continued to work as usual + from sunrise until mid-day, and while your sister was so ill he never left + her bed, notwithstanding all our entreaties. But I will not enter into + particulars, my child. His eyes grew worse, and on the very day which + brought us the news of your safe arrival in Babylon, Amasis became totally + blind. + </p> + <p> + “The cheerful, active man has become old, gloomy and decrepit since that + day. The death of Apis, and the unfavorable constellations and oracles + weigh on his mind; his happy temper is clouded by the unbroken night in + which he lives; and the consciousness that he cannot stir a step alone + causes indecision and uncertainty. The daring and independent ruler will + soon become a mere tool, by means of which the priests can work their + will. + </p> + <p> + “He spends hours in the temple of Neith, praying and offering sacrifices; + a number of workmen are employed there in building a tomb for his mummy, + and the same number at Memphis in levelling the temple which the Greeks + have begun building to Apollo. He speaks of his own and Tachot’s + misfortunes as a just punishment from the Immortals. + </p> + <p> + “His visits to Tachot’s sick-bed are not the least comfort to her, for + instead of encouraging her kindly, he endeavors to convince her that she + too deserves punishment from the gods. He spends all his remarkable + eloquence in trying to persuade her, that she must forget this world + entirely and only try to gain the favor of Osiris and the judges of the + nether world by ceaseless prayers and sacrifices. In this manner he only + tortures our poor sick child, for she has not lost her love of life. + Perhaps I have still too much of the Greek left in me for a queen of + Egypt; but really, death is so long and life so short, that I cannot help + calling even wise men foolish, when they devote the half of even this + short term to a perpetual meditation on the gloomy Hades. + </p> + <p> + “I have just been interrupted again. Our great physician, Thutmes, came to + enquire after his patient. He gives very little hope, and seems surprised + that her delicate frame has been able to resist death so long. He said + yesterday: ‘She would have sunk long ago if not kept up by her determined + will, and a longing which gives her no rest. If she ceased to care for + life, she could allow death to take her, just as we dream ourselves + asleep. If, on the other hand, her wish could be gratified, she might, + (though this is hardly probable) live some years yet, but if it remain but + a short time longer unfulfilled, it will certainly wear her to death. + </p> + <p> + “Have you any idea for whom she longs so eagerly? Our Tachot has allowed + herself to be fascinated by the beautiful Bartja, the brother of your + future husband. I do not mean to say by this that he has employed magic, + as the priest Ameneman believes, to gain her love; for a youth might be + far less handsome and agreeable than Bartja, and yet take the heart of an + innocent girl, still half a child. But her passionate feeling is so + strong, and the change in her whole being so great, that sometimes I too + am tempted to believe in the use of supernatural influence. A short time + before you left I noticed that Tachot was fond of Bartja. Her distress at + first we thought could only be for you, but when she sank into that dreamy + state, Ibykus, who was still at our court, said she must have been seized + by some strong passion. + </p> + <p> + “Once when she was sitting dreaming at her wheel, I heard him singing + softly Sappho’s little love-song to her: + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “I cannot, my sweet mother, + Throw shuttle any more; + My heart is full of longing, + My spirit troubled sore, + All for a love of yesterday + A boy not seen before.” + + [Sappho ed. Neue XXXII. Translation from Edwin Arnold’s + Poets of Greece.] +</pre> + <p> + “She turned pale and asked him: ‘Is that your own song?’ + </p> + <p> + “‘No,’ said he, ‘Sappho wrote it fifty years ago.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘Fifty years ago,’ echoed Tachot musingly. + </p> + <p> + “‘Love is always the same,’ interrupted the poet; ‘women loved centuries + ago, and will love thousands of years to come, just as Sappho loved fifty + years back.’ + </p> + <p> + “The sick girl smiled in assent, and from that time I often heard her + humming the little song as she sat at her wheel. But we carefully avoided + every question, that could remind her of him she loved. In the delirium of + fever, however, Bartja’s name was always on her burning lips. When she + recovered consciousness we told her what she had said in her delirium; + then she opened her heart to me, and raising her eyes to heaven like a + prophetess, exclaimed solemnly: ‘I know, that I shall not die till I have + seen him again.’ + </p> + <p> + “A short time ago we had her carried into the temple, as she longed to + worship there again. When the service was over and we were crossing the + temple-court, we passed some children at play, and Tachot noticed a little + girl telling something very eagerly to her companions. She told the + bearers to put down the litter and call the child to her. + </p> + <p> + “‘What were you saying?’ she asked the little one. + </p> + <p> + “I was telling the others something about my eldest sister.’ + </p> + <p> + “‘May I hear it too?’” said Tachot so kindly, that the little girl began + at once without fear: “Batau, who is betrothed to my sister, came back + from Thebes quite unexpectedly yesterday evening. Just as the Isis-star + was rising, he came suddenly on to our roof where Kerimama was playing at + draughts with my father; and he brought her such a beautiful golden bridal + wreath.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Among the Egyptians the planet Venus bore the name of the goddess + Isis. Pliny II. 6. Arist De mundo II. 7. Early monuments prove + that they were acquainted with the identity of the morning and + evening star. Lepsius, Chronologie p. 94.] +</pre> + <p> + “Tachot kissed the child and gave her her own costly fan. When we were at + home again she smiled archly at me and said: ‘You know, mother dear, that + the words children say in the temple-courts are believed to be oracles.’ + So, if the little one spoke the truth, he must come; and did not you hear + that he is to bring the bridal-wreath? O mother, I am sure, quite sure, + that I shall see him again.’ + </p> + <p> + “I asked her yesterday if she had any message for you, and she begged me + to say that she sent you thousands of kisses, and messages of love, and + that when she was stronger she meant to write, as she had a great deal to + tell you. She has just brought me the little note which I enclose; it is + for you alone, and has cost her much fatigue to write. + </p> + <p> + “But now I must finish my letter, as the messenger has been waiting for it + some time. + </p> + <p> + “I wish I could give you some joyful news, but sadness and sorrow meet me + whichever way I turn. Your brother yields more and more to the priests’ + tyranny, and manages the affairs of state for your poor blind father under + Neithotep’s guidance. + </p> + <p> + “Amasis does not interfere, and says it matters little whether his place + be filled a few days sooner or later by his successor. + </p> + <p> + “He did not attempt to prevent Psamtik from seizing the children of Phanes + in Rhodopis’ house, and actually allowed his son to enter into a + negotiation with the descendants of those two hundred thousand soldiers, + who emigrated to Ethiopia in the reign of Psamtik I. on account of the + preference shown to the Greek mercenaries. In case they declared + themselves willing to return to their native land, the Greek mercenaries + were to have been dismissed. The negotiation failed entirely, but + Psamtik’s treatment of the children of Phanes has given bitter offence to + the Greeks. Aristomachus threatened to leave Egypt, taking with him ten + thousand of his best troops, and on hearing that Phanes’ son had been + murdered at Psamtik’s command applied for his discharge. From that time + the Spartan disappeared, no one knows whither; but the Greek troops + allowed themselves to be bribed by immense sums and are still in Egypt. + </p> + <p> + “Amasis said nothing to all this, and looked on silently from the midst of + his prayers and sacrifices, while your brother was either offending every + class of his subjects or attempting to pacify them by means beneath the + dignity of a ruler. The commanders of the Egyptian and Greek troops, and + the governors of different provinces have all alike assured me that the + present state of things is intolerable. No one knows what to expect from + this new ruler; he commands today the very thing, which he angrily forbade + the day before. Such a government must soon snap the beautiful bond, which + has hitherto united the Egyptian people to their king. + </p> + <p> + “Farewell, my child, think of your poor friend, your mother; and forgive + your parents when you hear what they have so long kept secret from you. + Pray for Tachot, and remember us to Croesus and the young Persians whom we + know. Give a special message too from Tachot to Bartja; I beg him to think + of it as the last legacy of one very near death. If you could only send + her some proof, that he has not forgotten her! Farewell, once more + farewell and be happy in your new and blooming home.” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0016" id="link2HCH0016"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XVI. + </h2> + <p> + Sad realities follow bright anticipations nearly as surely as a rainy day + succeeds a golden sunrise. Nitetis had been so happy in the thought of + reading the very letter, which poured such bitter drops of wormwood into + her cup of happiness. + </p> + <p> + One beautiful element in her life, the remembrance of her dear home and + the companions of her happy childhood, had been destroyed in one moment, + as if by the touch of a magician’s wand. + </p> + <p> + She sat there in her royal purple, weeping, forgetful of everything but + her mother’s grief, her father’s misfortunes and her sister’s illness. The + joyful future, full of love, joy, and happiness, which had been beckoning + her forward only a few minutes before, had vanished. Cambyses’ chosen + bride forgot her waiting, longing lover, and the future queen of Persia + could think of nothing but the sorrows of Egypt’s royal house. + </p> + <p> + It was long past mid-day, when the attendant Mandane came to put a last + touch to Nitetis’ dress and ornaments. + </p> + <p> + “She is asleep,” thought the girl. “I can let her rest another quarter of + an hour; the sacrifice this morning has tired her, and we must have her + fresh and beautiful for the evening banquet; then she will outshine the + others as the moon does the stars.” + </p> + <p> + Unnoticed by her mistress she slipped out of the room, the windows of + which commanded a splendid view over the hanging-gardens, the immense city + beneath, the river, and the rich and fruitful Babylonian plain, and went + into the garden. + </p> + <p> + Without looking round she ran to a flower-bed, to pluck some roses. Her + eyes were fixed on her new bracelet, the stones of which sparkled in the + sun, and she did not notice a richly-dressed man peering in at one of the + windows of the room where Nitetis lay weeping. On being disturbed in his + watching and listening, he turned at once to the girl and greeted her in a + high treble voice. + </p> + <p> + She started, and on recognizing the eunuch Boges, answered: “It is not + polite, sir, to frighten a poor girl in this way. By Mithras, if I had + seen you before I heard you, I think I should have fainted. A woman’s + voice does not take me by surprise, but to see a man here is as rare as to + find a swan in the desert.” + </p> + <p> + Boges laughed good-humoredly, though he well understood her saucy allusion + to his high voice, and answered, rubbing his fat hands: “Yes, it is very + hard for a young and pretty bird like you, to have to live in such a + lonely corner, but be patient, sweetheart. Your mistress will soon be + queen, and then she will look out a handsome young husband for you. Ah, + ha! you will find it pleasanter to live here alone with him, than with + your beautiful Egyptian.” + </p> + <p> + “My mistress is too beautiful for some people’s fancy, and I have never + asked any one to look out a husband for me,” she answered pertly. “I can + find one without your help either.” + </p> + <p> + “Who could doubt it? Such a pretty face is as good a bait for a man, as a + worm for a fish.” + </p> + <p> + “But I am not trying to catch a husband, and least of all one like you.” + </p> + <p> + “That I can easily believe,” he answered laughing. “But tell me, my + treasure, why are you so hard on me? Have I done anything to vex you? + Wasn’t it through me, that you obtained this good appointment, and are not + we both Medes?” + </p> + <p> + “You might just as well say that we are both human beings, and have five + fingers on each hand and a nose in the middle of our faces. Half the + people here are Medes, and if I had as many friends as I have countrymen, + I might be queen to-morrow. And as to my situation here, it was not you, + but the high-priest Oropastes who recommended me to the great queen + Kassandane. Your will is not law here.” + </p> + <p> + “What are you talking about, my sweet one? don’t you know, that not a + single waiting-woman can be engaged without my consent?” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, yes, I know that as well as you do, but...” + </p> + <p> + “But you women are an unthankful race, and don’t deserve our kindness.” + </p> + <p> + “Please not to forget, that you are speaking to a girl of good family.” + </p> + <p> + “I know that very well, my little one. I know that your father was a + Magian and your mother a Magian’s daughter; that they both died early and + you were placed under the care of the Destur Ixabates, the father of + Oropastes, and grew up with his children. I know too that when you had + received the ear-rings, Oropastes’ brother Gaumata, (you need not blush, + Gaumata is a pretty name) fell in love with your rosy face, and wanted to + marry you, though he was only nineteen. Gaumata and Mandane, how well the + two names sound together! Mandane and Gaumata! If I were a poet I should + call my hero Gaumata and his lady-love Mandane.” + </p> + <p> + “I insist on your ceasing to jest in this way,” cried Mandane, blushing + deeply and stamping her foot. + </p> + <p> + “What, are you angry because I say the names sound well together? You + ought rather to be angry with the proud Oropastes, who sent his younger + brother to Rhagar and you to the court, that you might forget one + another.” + </p> + <p> + “That is a slander on my benefactor.” + </p> + <p> + “Let my tongue wither away, if I am not speaking the truth and nothing but + the truth! Oropastes separated you and his brother because he had higher + intentions for the handsome Gaumata, than a marriage with the orphan + daughter of an inferior Magian. He would have been satisfied with Amytis + or Menische for a sister-in-law, but a poor girl like you, who owed + everything to his bounty, would only have stood in the way of his + ambitious plans. Between ourselves, he would like to be appointed regent + of Persia while the king is away at the Massagetan war, and would + therefore give a great deal to connect himself by marriage in some way or + other with the Archemenidae. At his age a new wife is not to be thought + of; but his brother is young and handsome, indeed people go so far as to + say, that he is like the Prince Bartja.” + </p> + <p> + “That is true,” exclaimed the girl. “Only think, when we went out to meet + my mistress, and I saw Bartja for the first time from the window of the + station-house, I thought he was Gaumata. They are so like one another that + they might be twins, and they are the handsomest men in the kingdom.” + </p> + <p> + “How you are blushing, my pretty rose-bud! But the likeness between them + is not quite so great as all that. When I spoke to the high-priest’s + brother this morning...” + </p> + <p> + “Gaumata is here?” interrupted the girl passionately. “Have you really + seen him or are you trying to draw me out and make fun of me?” + </p> + <p> + “By Mithras! my sweet one, I kissed his forehead this very morning, and he + made me tell him a great deal about his darling. Indeed his blue eyes, his + golden curls and his lovely complexion, like the bloom on a peach, were so + irresistible that I felt inclined to try and work impossibilities for him. + Spare your blushes, my little pomegranate-blossom, till I have told you + all; and then perhaps in future you will not be so hard upon poor Boges; + you will see that he has a good heart, full of kindness for his beautiful, + saucy little countrywoman.” + </p> + <p> + “I do not trust you,” she answered, interrupting these assurances. “I have + been warned against your smooth tongue, and I do not know what I have done + to deserve this kind interest.” + </p> + <p> + “Do you know this?” he asked, showing her a white ribbon embroidered all + over with little golden flames. + </p> + <p> + “It is the last present I worked for him,” exclaimed Mandane. + </p> + <p> + “I asked him for this token, because I knew you would not trust me. Who + ever heard of a prisoner loving his jailer?” + </p> + <p> + “But tell me at once, quickly—what does my old playfellow want me to + do? Look, the-western sky is beginning to glow. Evening is coming on, and + I must arrange my mistress’s dress and ornaments for the banquet.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, I will not keep you long,” said the eunuch, becoming so serious + that Mandane was frightened. “If you do not choose to believe that I would + run into any risk out of friendship to you, then fancy that I forward your + love affair to humble the pride of Oropastes. He threatens to supplant me + in the king’s favor, and I am determined, let him plot and intrigue as he + likes, that you shall marry Gaumata. To-morrow evening, after the + Tistar-star has risen, your lover shall come to see you. I will see that + all the guards are away, so that he can come without danger, stay one hour + and talk over the future with you; but remember, only one hour. I see + clearly that your mistress will be Cambyses’ favorite wife, and will then + forward your marriage, for she is very fond of you, and thinks no praise + too high for your fidelity and skill. So to-morrow evening,” he continued, + falling back into the jesting tone peculiar to him, “when the Tistar-star + rises, fortune will begin to shine on you. Why do you look down? Why don’t + you answer? Gratitude stops your pretty little mouth, eh? is that the + reason? Well, my little bird, I hope you won’t be quite so silent, if you + should ever have a chance of praising poor Boges to your powerful + mistress. And what message shall I bring to the handsome Gaumata? May I + say that you have not forgotten him and will be delighted to see him + again? You hesitate? Well, I am very sorry, but it is getting dark and I + must go. I have to inspect the women’s dresses for the birthday banquet. + Ah! one thing I forgot to mention. Gaumata must leave Babylon to-morrow. + Oropastes is afraid, that he may chance to see you, and told him to return + to Rhage directly the festival was over. What! still silent? Well then, I + really cannot help you or that poor fellow either. But I shall gain my + ends quite as well without you, and perhaps after all it is better that + you should forget one another. Good-bye.” + </p> + <p> + It was a hard struggle for the girl. She felt nearly sure that Boges was + deceiving her, and a voice within warned her that it would be better to + refuse her lover this meeting. Duty and prudence gained the upper hand, + and she was just going to exclaim: “Tell him I cannot see him,” when her + eye caught the ribbon she had once embroidered for her handsome + playfellow. Bright pictures from her childhood flashed through her mind, + short moments of intoxicating happiness; love, recklessness and longing + gained the day in their turn over her sense of right, her misgivings and + her prudence, and before Boges could finish his farewell, she called out, + almost in spite of herself and flying towards the house like a frightened + fawn: “I shall expect him.” + </p> + <p> + Boges passed quickly through the flowery paths of the hanging-gardens. He + stopped at the parapet end cautiously opened a hidden trap-door, admitting + to a secret staircase which wound down through one of the huge pillars + supporting the hanging-gardens, and which had probably been intended by + their original designer as a means of reaching his wife’s apartments + unobserved from the shores of the river. The door moved easily on its + hinges, and when Boges had shut it again and strewed a few of the + river-shells from the garden walks over it, it would have been difficult + to find, even for any one who had come with that purpose. The eunuch + rubbed his jeweled hands, smiling the while as was his custom, and + murmured: “It can’t fail to succeed now; the girl is caught, her lover is + at my beck and call, the old secret flight of steps is in good order, + Nitetis has been weeping bitterly on a day of universal rejoicing, and the + blue lily opens to-morrow night. Ah, ha! my little plan can’t possibly + fail now. And to-morrow, my pretty Egyptian kitten, your little velvet paw + will be fast in a trap set by the poor despised eunuch, who was not + allowed, forsooth, to give you any orders.” + </p> + <p> + His eyes gleamed maliciously as he said these words and hurried from the + garden. + </p> + <p> + At the great flight of steps he met another eunuch, named Neriglissar, who + held the office of head-gardener, and lived at the hanging-gardens. + </p> + <p> + “How is the blue lily going on?” asked Boges. + </p> + <p> + “It is unfolding magnificently!” cried the gardener, in enthusiasm at the + mere mention of his cherished flower. “To-morrow, as I promised, when the + Tistar-star rises, it will be in all its beauty. My Egyptian mistress will + be delighted, for she is very fond of flowers, and may I ask you to tell + the king and the Achaemenidae, that under my care this rare plant has at + last flowered? It is to be seen in full beauty only once in every ten + years. Tell the noble Achaemenidae; this, and bring them here.” + </p> + <p> + “Your wish shall be granted,” said Boges smiling, “but I think you must + not reckon on the king, as I do not expect he will visit the + hanging-gardens before his marriage with the Egyptian. Some of the + Archimenidae, however, will be sure to come; they are such lovers of + horticulture that they would not like to miss this rare sight. Perhaps, + too, I may succeed in bringing Croesus. It is true that he does not + understand flowers or doat on them as the Persians do, but he makes amends + for this by his thorough appreciation of everything beautiful.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, yes, bring him too,” exclaimed the gardener. “He will really be + grateful to you, for my queen of the night is the most beautiful flower, + that has ever bloomed in a royal garden. You saw the bud in the clear + waters of the reservoir surrounded by its green leaves; that bud will open + into a gigantic rose, blue as the sky. My flower...” + </p> + <p> + The enthusiastic gardener would have said much more in praise of his + flower, but Boges left him with a friendly nod, and went down the flight + of steps. A two-wheeled wooden carriage was waiting for him there; he took + his seat by the driver, the horses, decked out with bells and tassels, + were urged into a sharp trot and quickly brought him to the gate of the + harem-garden. + </p> + <p> + That day was a busy, stirring one in Cambyses’ harem. In order that the + women might look their very best, Boges had commanded that they should all + be taken to the bath before the banquet. He therefore went at once to that + wing of the palace, which contained the baths for the women. + </p> + <p> + While he was still at some distance a confused noise of screaming, + laughing, chattering and tittering reached his ears. In the broad porch of + the large bathing-room, which had been almost overheated, more than three + hundred women were moving about in a dense cloud of steam. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [We read in Diodorus XVII. 77. that the king of Persia had as many + wives as there are days in the year. At the battle of Issus, + Alexander the Great took 329 concubines, of the last Darius, + captive.] +</pre> + <p> + The half-naked forms floated over the warm pavement like a motley crowd of + phantoms. Their thin silken garments were wet through and clung to their + delicate figures, and a warm rain descended upon them from the roof of the + bath, rising up again in vapor when it reached the floor. + </p> + <p> + Groups of handsome women, ten or twenty together, lay gossiping saucily in + one part of the room; in another two king’s wives were quarrelling like + naughty children. One beauty was screaming at the top of her voice because + she had received a blow from her neighbor’s dainty little slipper, while + another was lying in lazy contemplation, still as death, on the damp, warm + floor. Six Armenians were standing together, singing a saucy love-song in + their native language with clear-toned voices, and a little knot of + fair-haired Persians were slandering Nitetis so fearfully, that a + by-stander would have fancied our beautiful Egyptian was some awful + monster, like those nurses used to frighten children. + </p> + <p> + Naked female slaves moved about through the crowd, carrying on their heads + well-warmed cloths to throw over their mistresses. The cries of the + eunuchs, who held the office of door-keepers, and were continually urging + the women to greater haste,—the screeching calls of those whose + slaves had not yet arrived,—the penetrating perfumes and the warm + vapor combined to produce a motley, strange and stupefying scene. + </p> + <p> + A quarter of an hour later, however, the king’s wives presented a very + different spectacle. + </p> + <p> + They lay like roses steeped in dew, not asleep, but quite still and + dreaming, on soft cushions placed along the walls of an immense room. The + wet perfumes still lay on their undried and flowing hair, and nimble + female slaves were busied in carefully wiping away, with little bags made + of soft camels’ hair, the slightest outward trace of the moisture which + penetrated deep into the pores of the skin. + </p> + <p> + Silken coverlets were spread over their weary, beautiful limbs, and a + troop of eunuchs took good care that the dreamy repose of the entire body + should not be disturbed by quarrelsome or petulant individuals. Their + efforts, however, were seldom so successful as to-day, when every one knew + that a disturbance of the peace would be punished by exclusion from the + banquet. They had probably been lying a full hour in this dreamy silence, + when the sound of a gong produced another transformation. + </p> + <p> + The reposing figures sprang from their cushions, a troop of female slaves + pressed into the hall, the beauties were annointed and perfumed, their + luxuriant hair ingeniously braided, plaited, and adorned with precious + stones. Costly ornaments and silken and woolen robes in all the colors of + the rainbow were brought in, shoes stiff with rich embroidery of pearls + and jewels were tied on to their tender feet, and golden girdles fastened + round their waists. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Some kings gave their wives the revenues of entire cities as + “girdle-money” (pin-money).] +</pre> + <p> + By the time Boges came in, the greater number of the women were already + fully adorned in their costly jewelry, which would have represented + probably, when taken together, the riches of a large kingdom. + </p> + <p> + He was greeted by a shrill cry of joy from many voices. Twenty of the + women joined hands and danced round their smiling keeper, singing a simple + song which had been composed in the harem in praise of his virtues. On + this day it was customary for the king to grant each of his wives one + reasonable petition. So when the ring of dancers had loosed hands, a troop + of petitioners rushed in upon Boges, kissing his hands, stroking his + cheeks, whispering in his ear all kinds of requests, and trying by + flattery to gain his intercession with the king. The woman’s tyrant smiled + at it all, stopped his ears and pushed them all back with jests and + laughter, promising Amytis the Median that Esther the Phoenician should be + punished, and Esther the same of Amytis,—that Parmys should have a + handsomer set of jewels than Parisatys, and Parisatys a more costly one + than Parmys, but finding it impossible to get rid of these importunate + petitioners, he blew a little golden whistle. Its shrill tones acted like + magic on the eager crowd; the raised hands fell in a moment, the little + tripping feet stood still, the opening lips closed and the eager tumult + was turned into a dead silence. + </p> + <p> + Whoever disobeyed the sound of this little whistle, was certain of + punishment. It was as important as the words “Silence, in the king’s + name!” or the reading of the riot-act. To-day it worked even more + effectually than usual. Boges’ self-satisfied smile showed that he had + noticed this; he then favored the assembly with a look expressive of his + contentment with their conduct, promised in a flowery speech to exert all + his influence with the king in behalf of his dear little white doves, and + wound up by telling them to arrange themselves in two long rows. + </p> + <p> + The women obeyed and submitted to his scrutiny like soldiers on drill, or + slaves being examined by their buyer. + </p> + <p> + With the dress and ornaments of most he was satisfied, ordering, however, + to one a little more rouge, to another a little white powder to subdue a + too healthy color, here a different arrangement of the hair—there a + deeper tinge to the eyebrows, or more pains to be taken in anointing the + lips. + </p> + <p> + When this was over he left the hall and went to Phaedime, who as one of + the king’s lawful wives, had a private room, separated from those allotted + to the concubines. + </p> + <p> + This former favorite,—this humbled daughter of the Achaemenidae, had + been expecting him already some time. + </p> + <p> + She was magnificently dressed, and almost overloaded with jewels. A thick + veil of gauze inwrought with gold hung from her little tiara, and + interlaced with this was the blue and white band of the Achaemenidae. + There could be no question that she was beautiful, but her figure was + already too strongly developed, a frequent result of the lazy harem life + among Eastern women. Fair golden hair, interwoven with little silver + chains and gold pieces, welled out almost too abundantly from beneath her + tiara, and was smoothed over her white temples. + </p> + <p> + She sprang forward to meet Boges, trembling with eagerness, caught a hasty + glance at herself in the looking-glass, and then, fixing her eyes on the + eunuch, asked impetuously: “Are you pleased with me? Will he admire me?” + </p> + <p> + Boges smiled his old, eternal smile and answered: “You always please me, + my golden peacock, and the king would admire you too if he could see you + as you were a moment ago. You were really beautiful when you called out, + ‘Will he admire me?’ for passion had turned your blue eyes black as night, + and your lip was curled with hatred so as to show two rows of teeth white + as the snow on the Demawend!” + </p> + <p> + Phaedime was flattered and forced her face once more into the admired + expression, saying: “Then take us at once to the banquet, for I know my + eyes will be darker and more brilliant, and my teeth will gleam more + brightly, when I see that Egyptian girl sitting where I ought to sit.” + </p> + <p> + “She will not be allowed to sit there long.” + </p> + <p> + “What! is your plan likely to succeed then? Oh, Boges, do not hide it any + longer from me—I will be as silent as the grave—I will help + you—I will—” + </p> + <p> + “No, I cannot, I dare not tell you about it, but this much I will say in + order to sweeten this bitter evening: we have dug the pit for our enemy, + and if my golden Phaedime will only do what I tell her, I hope to give her + back her old place, and not only that, but even a higher one.” + </p> + <p> + “Tell me what I am to do; I am ready for anything and everything.” + </p> + <p> + “That was well and bravely spoken; like a true lioness. If you obey me we + must succeed; and the harder the task, the higher the reward. Don’t + dispute what I am going to say, for we have not a minute to lose. Take off + all your useless ornaments and only wear the chain the king gave you on + your marriage. Put on a dark simple dress instead of this bright one; and + when you have prostrated yourself before Kassandane, bow down humbly + before the Egyptian Princess too.” + </p> + <p> + “Impossible!” + </p> + <p> + “I will not be contradicted. Take off those ornaments at once, I entreat + you. There, that is right. We cannot succeed unless you obey me. How white + your neck is! The fair Peri would look dark by your side.” + </p> + <p> + “But—” + </p> + <p> + “When your turn comes to ask a favor of the king, tell him you have no + wishes, now that the sun of your life has withdrawn his light.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, that I will do.” + </p> + <p> + “When your father asks after your welfare, you must weep.” + </p> + <p> + “I will do that too.” + </p> + <p> + “And so that all the Achaemenidae can see that you are weeping.” + </p> + <p> + “That will be a fearful humiliation!” + </p> + <p> + “Not at all; only a means by which to rise the more surely. Wash the red + color from your cheeks and put on white powder. Make yourself pale—paler + still.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, I shall need that to hide my blushes. Boges, you are asking + something fearful of me, but I will obey you if you will only give me a + reason.” + </p> + <p> + “Girl, bring your mistress’s new dark green robe.” + </p> + <p> + “I shall look like a slave.” + </p> + <p> + “True grace is lovely even in rags.” + </p> + <p> + “The Egyptian will completely eclipse me.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, every one must see that you have not the slightest intention of + comparing yourself with her. Then people will say: ‘Would not Phaedime be + as beautiful as this proud woman, if she had taken the same pains to make + herself so?”’ + </p> + <p> + “But I cannot bow down to her.” + </p> + <p> + “You must.” + </p> + <p> + “You only want to humble and ruin me.” + </p> + <p> + “Short-sighted fool! listen to my reasons and obey. I want especially to + excite the Achaemenidae against our enemy. How it will enrage your + grandfather Intaphernes, and your father Otanes to see you in the dust + before a stranger! Their wounded pride will bring them over to our side, + and if they are too ‘noble,’ as they call it, to undertake anything + themselves against a woman, still they will be more likely to help than to + hinder us, if I should need their assistance. Then, when the Egyptian is + ruined, if you have done as I wish, the king will remember your sad pale + face, your humility and forgetfulness of self. The Achaemenidae, and even + the Magi, will beg him to take a queen from his own family; and where in + all Persia is there a woman who can boast of better birth than you? Who + else can wear the royal purple but my bright bird of Paradise, my + beautiful rose Phaedime? With such a prize in prospect we must no more + fear a little humiliation than a man who is learning to ride fears a fall + from his horse.” + </p> + <p> + And she, princess as she was, answered: “I will obey you.” + </p> + <p> + “Then we are certain of victory,” said the eunuch. “There, now your eyes + are flashing darkly again as I like to see them, my queen. And so Cambyses + shall see you when the tender flesh of the Egyptian shall have become food + for dogs and the birds of the air, and when for the first time after long + months of absence, I bring him once more to the door of your apartments. + Here, Armorges! tell the rest of the women to get ready and enter their + litters. I will go on and be there to show them their places.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + .......................... +</pre> + <p> + The great banqueting-hall was bright as day—even brighter, from the + light of thousands of candles whose rays were reflected in the gold plates + forming the panelling of the walls. A table of interminable length stood + in the middle of the hall, overloaded with gold and silver cups, plates, + dishes, bowls, jugs, goblets, ornaments and incense-altars, and looked + like a splendid scene from fairy-land. + </p> + <p> + “The king will soon be here,” called out the head-steward of the table, of + the great court-lords, to the king’s cup-bearer, who was a member of the + royal family. “Are all the wine-jugs full, has the wine been tasted, are + the goblets ranged in order, and the skins sent by Polykrates, have they + been emptied?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” answered the cup-bearer, “everything is ready, and that Chian wine + is better than any I ever tasted; indeed, in my opinion, even the Syrian + is not to be compared to it. Only taste it.” + </p> + <p> + So saying he took a graceful little golden goblet from the table in one + hand, raised a wine-pitcher of the same costly metal with the other, swung + the latter high into the air and poured the wine so cleverly into the + narrow neck of the little vessel that not a drop was lost, though the + liquid formed a wide curve in its descent. He then presented the goblet to + the head-steward with the tips of his fingers, bowing gracefully as he did + so. + </p> + <p> + The latter sipped the delicious wine, testing its flavor with great + deliberation, and said, on returning the cup: “I agree with you, it is + indeed a noble wine, and tastes twice as well when presented with such + inimitable grace. Strangers are quite right in saying that there are no + cupbearers like the Persian.” + </p> + <p> + “Thanks for this praise,” replied the other, kissing his friend’s + forehead. “Yes, I am proud of my office, and it is one which the king only + gives to his friends. Still it is a great plague to have to stay so long + in this hot, suffocating Babylon. Shall we ever be off for the summer, to + Ecbatana or Pasargada?” + </p> + <p> + “I was talking to the king about it to-day. He had intended not to leave + before the Massagetan war, and to go straight from Babylon into the field, + but to-day’s embassy has changed matters; it is probable that there may be + no war, and then we shall go to Susa three days after the king’s marriage—that + is, in one week from the present time.” + </p> + <p> + “To Susa?” cried the cup-bearer. “It’s very little cooler there than here, + and besides, the old Memnon’s castle is being rebuilt.” + </p> + <p> + “The satrap of Susa has just brought word that the new palace is finished, + and that nothing so brilliant has ever been seen. Directly Cambyses heard, + it he said: Then we will start for Susa three days after our marriage. I + should like to show the Egyptian Princess that we understand the art of + building as well as her own ancestors. She is accustomed to hot weather on + the Nile, and will not find our beautiful Susa too warm.’ The king seems + wonderfully fond of this woman.” + </p> + <p> + “He does indeed! All other women have become perfectly indifferent to him, + and he means soon to make her his queen.” + </p> + <p> + “That is unjust; Phaedime, as daughter of the Achaemenidae, has an older + and better right.” + </p> + <p> + “No doubt, but whatever the king wishes, must be right.” + </p> + <p> + “The ruler’s will is the will of God.” + </p> + <p> + “Well said! A true Persian will kiss his king’s hand, even when dripping + with the blood of his own child.” + </p> + <p> + “Cambyses ordered my brother’s execution, but I bear him no more ill-will + for it than I should the gods for depriving me of my parents. Here, you + fellows! draw the curtains back; the guests are coming. Look sharp, you + dogs, and do your duty! Farewell, Artabazos, we shall have warm work + to-night.” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2H_4_0023" id="link2H_4_0023"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + BOOK 2. + </h2> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0017" id="link2HCH0017"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER I. + </h2> + <p> + The principal steward of the banquet went forward to meet the guests as + they entered, and, assisted by other noble staff-bearers (chamberlains and + masters of the ceremonies), led them to their appointed places. + </p> + <p> + When they were all seated, a flourish of trumpets announced that the king + was near. As he entered the hall every one rose, and the multitude + received him with a thundering shout of “Victory to the king!” again and + again repeated. + </p> + <p> + The way to his seat was marked by a purple Sardian carpet, only to be + trodden by himself and Kassandane. His blind mother, led by Croesus, went + first and took her seat at the head of the table, on a throne somewhat + higher than the golden chair for Cambyses, which stood by it. The king’s + lawful wives sat on his left hand; Nitetis next to him, then Atossa, and + by her side the pale, plainly-dressed Phaedime; next to this last wife of + Cambyses sat Boges, the eunuch. Then came the high-priest Oropastes, some + of the principal Magi, the satraps of various provinces (among them the + Jew Belteshazzar), and a number of Persians, Medes and eunuchs, all + holding high offices under the crown. + </p> + <p> + Bartja sat at the king’s right hand, and after him Croesus, Hystaspes, + Gobryas, Araspes, and others of the Achaemenidae, according to their rank + and age. Of the concubines, the greater number sat at the foot of the + table; some stood opposite to Cambyses, and enlivened the banquet by songs + and music. A number of eunuchs stood behind them, whose duty it was to see + that they did not raise their eyes towards the men. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses’ first glance was bestowed on Nitetis; she sat by him in all the + splendor and dignity of a queen, but looking very, very pale in her new + purple robes. + </p> + <p> + Their eyes met, and Cambyses felt that such a look could only come from + one who loved him very dearly. But his own love told him that something + had troubled her. There was a sad seriousness about her mouth, and a + slight cloud, which only he could see, seemed to veil the usually calm, + clear and cheerful expression of her eyes. “I will ask her afterwards what + has happened,” thought he, “but it will not do to let my subjects see how + much I love this girl.” + </p> + <p> + He kissed his mother, sister, brother and his nearest relations on the + forehead—said a short prayer thanking the gods for their mercies and + entreating a happy new year for himself and the Persians—named the + immense sum he intended to present to his countrymen on this day, and then + called on the staff bearers to bring the petitioners before his face, who + hoped to obtain some reasonable request from the king on this day of + grace. + </p> + <p> + As every petitioner had been obliged to lay his request before the + principal staff bearer the day before, in order to ascertain whether it + was admissible, they all received satisfactory answers. The petitions of + the women had been enquired into by the eunuchs in the same manner, and + they too were now conducted before their lord and master by Boges, + Kassandane alone remaining seated. + </p> + <p> + The long procession was opened by Nitetis and Atossa, and the two + princesses were immediately followed by Phaedime and another beauty. The + latter was magnificently dressed and had been paired with Phaedime by + Boges, in order to make the almost poverty-stricken simplicity of the + fallen favorite more apparent. + </p> + <p> + Intaphernes and Otanes looked as annoyed as Boges had expected, on seeing + their grandchild and daughter so pale, and in such miserable array, in the + midst of all this splendor and magnificence. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses had had experience of Phaedime’s former extravagance in matters + of dress, and, when he saw her standing before him so plainly dressed and + so pale, looked both angry and astonished. His brow darkened, and as she + bent low before him, he asked her in an angry and tyrannical tone: “What + is the meaning of this beggarly dress at my table, on the day set apart in + my honor? Have you forgotten, that in our country it is the custom never + to appear unadorned before the king? Verily, if it were not my birthday, + and if I did not owe you some consideration as the daughter of our dearest + kinsman, I should order the eunuchs to take you back to the harem, that + you might have time to think over your conduct in solitude.” + </p> + <p> + These words rendered the mortified woman’s task much easier.... She began + to weep loud and bitterly, raising her hands and eyes to her angry lord in + such a beseeching manner that his anger was changed into compassion, and + he raised her from the ground with the question: “Have you a petition to + ask of me?” + </p> + <p> + “What can I find to wish for, now that the sun of my life has withdrawn + his light?” was her faltering answer, hindered by sobs. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses shrugged his shoulders, and asked again “Is there nothing then + that you wish for? I used to be able to dry your tears with presents; ask + me for some golden comfort to-day.” + </p> + <p> + “Phaedime has nothing left to wish for now. For whom can she put on jewels + when her king, her husband, withdraws the light of his countenance?” + </p> + <p> + “Then I can do nothing for you,” exclaimed Cambyses, turning away angrily + from the kneeling woman. Boges had been quite right in advising Phaedime + to paint herself with white, for underneath the pale color her cheeks were + burning with shame and anger. But, in spite of all, she controlled her + passionate feelings, made the same deep obeisance to Nitetis as to the + queen-mother, and allowed her tears to flow fast and freely in sight of + all the Achaemenidae. + </p> + <p> + Otanes and Intaphernes could scarcely suppress their indignation at seeing + their daughter and grandchild thus humbled, and many an Achaemenidae + looked on, feeling deep sympathy with the unhappy Phaedime and a hidden + grudge against the favored, beautiful stranger. + </p> + <p> + The formalities were at last at an end and the feast began. Just before + the king, in a golden basket, and gracefully bordered round with other + fruits, lay a gigantic pomegranate, as large as a child’s head. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses noticed it now for the first time, examined its enormous size and + rare beauty with the eye of a connoisseur, and said: “Who grew this + wonderful pomegranate?” + </p> + <p> + “Thy servant Oropastes,” answered the chief of the Magi, with a low + obeisance. “For many years I have studied the art of gardening, and have + ventured to lay this, the most beautiful fruit of my labors, at the feet + of my king.” + </p> + <p> + “I owe you thanks,” cried the king: “My friends, this pomegranate will + assist me in the choice of a governor at home when we go out to war, for, + by Mithras, the man who can cherish and foster a little tree so carefully + will do greater things than these. What a splendid fruit! Surely it’s like + was never seen before. I thank you again, Oropastes, and as the thanks of + a king must never consist of empty words alone, I name you at once + vicegerent of my entire kingdom, in case of war. For we shall not dream + away our time much longer in this idle rest, my friends. A Persian gets + low-spirited without the joys of war.” + </p> + <p> + A murmur of applause ran through the ranks of the Achaemenidae and fresh + shouts of “Victory to the king” resounded through the hall. Their anger on + account of the humiliation of a woman was quickly forgotten; thoughts of + coming battles, undying renown and conqueror’s laurels to be won by deeds + of arms, and recollections of their former mighty deeds raised the spirits + of the revellers. + </p> + <p> + The king himself was more moderate than usual to-day, but he encouraged + his guests to drink, enjoying their noisy merriment and overflowing mirth; + taking, however, far more pleasure still in the fascinating beauty of the + Egyptian Princess, who sat at his side, paler than usual, and thoroughly + exhausted by the exertions of the morning and the unaccustomed weight of + the high tiara. He had never felt so happy as on this day. What indeed + could he wish for more than he already possessed? Had not the gods given + him every thing that a man could desire? and, over and above all this, had + not they flung into his lap the precious gift of love? His usual + inflexibility seemed to have changed into benevolence, and his stern + severity into good-nature, as he turned to his brother Bartja with the + words: “Come brother, have you forgotten my promise? Don’t you know that + to-day you are sure of gaining the dearest wish of your heart from me? + That’s right, drain the goblet, and take courage! but do not ask anything + small, for I am in the mood to give largely to-day. Ah, it is a secret! + come nearer then. I am really curious to know what the most fortunate + youth in my entire kingdom can long for so much, that he blushes like a + girl when his wish is spoken of.” + </p> + <p> + Bartja, whose cheeks were really glowing from agitation, bent his head + close to his brother’s ear, and whispered shortly the story of his love. + Sappho’s father had helped to defend his native town Phocaea against the + hosts of Cyrus, and this fact the boy cleverly brought forward, speaking + of the girl he loved as the daughter of a Greek warrior of noble birth. In + so saying he spoke the truth, but at the same time he suppressed the facts + that this very father had acquired great riches by mercantile + undertakings. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Persians were forbidden by law to contract debts, because + debtors were necessarily led to say much that was untrue. Herod. I. + For this reason they held all money transactions in contempt, such + occupations being also very uncongenial to their military tastes. + They despised commerce and abandoned it to the conquered nations.] +</pre> + <p> + He then told his brother how charming, cultivated and loving his Sappho + was, and was just going to call on Croesus for a confirmation of his + words, when Cambyses interrupted him by kissing his forehead and saying: + “You need say no more, brother; do what your heart bids you. I know the + power of love too, and I will help you to gain our mother’s consent.” + Bartja threw himself at his brother’s feet, overcome with gratitude and + joy, but Cambyses raised him kindly and, looking especially at Nitetis and + Kassandane, exclaimed: “Listen, my dear ones, the stem of Cyrus is going + to blossom afresh, for our brother Bartja has resolved to put an end to + his single life, so displeasing to the gods. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Persians were commanded by their religion to marry, and the + unmarried were held up to ridicule. Vendid. IV. Fargard. 130. + The highest duty of man was to create and promote life, and to have + many children was therefore considered praiseworthy. Herod. I. + 136.] +</pre> + <p> + In a few days the young lover will leave us for your country, Nitetis, and + will bring back another jewel from the shores of the Nile to our mountain + home.” + </p> + <p> + “What is the matter, sister?” cried Atossa, before her brother had + finished speaking. Nitetis had fainted, and Atossa was sprinkling her + forehead with wine as she lay in her arms. + </p> + <p> + “What was it?” asked the blind Kassandane, when Nitetis had awakened to + consciousness a few moments later. + </p> + <p> + “The joy—the happiness—Tachot,” faltered Nitetis. Cambyses, as + well as his sister, had sprung to the fainting girl’s help. When she had + recovered consciousness, he asked her to take some wine to revive her + completely, gave her the cup with his own hand, and then went on at the + point at which he had left off in his account: “Bartja is going to your + own country, my wife—to Naukratis on the Nile—to fetch thence + the granddaughter of a certain Rhodopis, and daughter of a noble warrior, + a native of the brave town of Phocaea, as his wife.” + </p> + <p> + “What was that?” cried the blind queen-mother. + </p> + <p> + “What is the matter with you?” exclaimed Atossa again, in an anxious, + almost reproachful tone. + </p> + <p> + “Nitetis!” cried Croesus admonishingly. But the warning came too late; the + cup which her royal lover had given her slipped from her hands and fell + ringing on the floor. All eyes were fixed on the king’s features in + anxious suspense. He had sprung from his seat pale as death; his lips + trembled and his fist was clenched. Nitetis looked up at her lover + imploringly, but he was afraid of meeting those wonderful, fascinating + eyes, and turned his head away, saying in a hoarse voice: “Take the women + back to their apartments, Boges. I have seen enough of them—let us + begin our drinking-bout—good-night, my mother; take care how you + nourish vipers with your heart’s blood. Sleep well, Egyptian, and pray to + the gods to give you a more equal power of dissembling your feelings. + To-morrow, my friends, we will go out hunting. Here, cup-bearer, give me + some wine! fill the large goblet, but taste it well—yes, well—for + to-day I am afraid of poison; to-day for the first time. Do you hear, + Egyptian? I am afraid of poison! and every child knows—ah-ha—that + all the poison, as well as the medicine comes from Egypt.” + </p> + <p> + Nitetis left the hall,—she hardly knew how,—more staggering + than walking. Boges accompanied her, telling the bearers to make haste. + </p> + <p> + When they reached the hanging-gardens he gave her up to the care of the + eunuch in attendance, and took his leave, not respectfully as usual, but + chuckling, rubbing his hands, and speaking in an intimate and confidential + tone: “Dream about the handsome Bartja and his Egyptian lady-love, my + white Nile-kitten! Haven’t you any message for the beautiful boy, whose + love-story frightened you so terribly? Think a little. Poor Boges will + very gladly play the go-between; the poor despised Boges wishes you so + well—the humble Boges will be so sorry when he sees the proud + palm-tree from Sais cut down. Boges is a prophet; he foretells you a + speedy return home to Egypt, or a quiet bed in the black earth in Babylon, + and the kind Boges wishes you a peaceful sleep. Farewell, my broken + flower, my gay, bright viper, wounded by its own sting, my pretty + fir-cone, fallen from the tall pine-tree!” + </p> + <p> + “How dare you speak in this impudent manner?” said the indignant princess. + </p> + <p> + “Thank you,” answered the wretch, smiling. + </p> + <p> + “I shall complain of your conduct,” threatened Nitetis. + </p> + <p> + “You are very amiable,” answered Boges. “Go out of my sight,” she cried. + </p> + <p> + “I will obey your kind and gentle hints;” he answered softly, as if + whispering words of love into her ear. She started back in disgust and + fear at these scornful words; she saw how full of terror they were for + her, turned her back on him and went quickly into the house, but his voice + rang after her: “Don’t forget my lovely queen, think of me now and then; + for everything that happens in the next few days will be a keepsake from + the poor despised Boges.” + </p> + <p> + As soon as she had disappeared he changed his tone, and commanded the + sentries in the severest and most tyrannical manner, to keep a strict + watch over the hanging-gardens. “Certain death,” said he, “to whichever of + you allows any one but myself to enter these gardens. No one, remember—no + one—and least of all messengers from the queen-mother, Atossa or any + of the great people, may venture to set foot on these steps. If Croesus or + Oropastes should wish to speak to the Egyptian Princess, refuse them + decidedly. Do you understand? I repeat it, whoever is begged or bribed + into disobedience will not see the light of to-morrow’s sun. Nobody may + enter these gardens without express permission from my own mouth. I think + you know me. Here, take these gold staters, your work will be heavier now; + but remember, I swear by Plithras not to spare one of you who is careless + or disobedient.” + </p> + <p> + The men made a due obeisance and determined to obey; they knew that Boges’ + threats were never meant in joke, and fancied something great must be + coming to pass, as the stingy eunuch never spent his staters without good + reason. + </p> + <p> + Boges was carried back to the banqueting-hall in the same litter, which + had brought Nitetis away. + </p> + <p> + The king’s wives had left, but the concubines were all standing in their + appointed place, singing their monotonous songs, though quite unheard by + the uproarious men. + </p> + <p> + The drinkers had already long forgotten the fainting woman. The uproar and + confusion rose with every fresh wine-cup. They forgot the dignity of the + place where they were assembled, and the presence of their mighty ruler. + </p> + <p> + They shouted in their drunken joy; warriors embraced one another with a + tenderness only excited by wine, here and there a novice was carried away + in the arms of a pair of sturdy attendants, while an old hand at the work + would seize a wine-jug instead of a goblet, and drain it at a draught amid + the cheers of the lookers-on. + </p> + <p> + The king sat on at the head of the table, pale as death, staring into the + wine-cup as if unconscious of what was going on around hint. But at the + sight of his brother his fist clenched. + </p> + <p> + He would neither speak to him, nor answer his questions. The longer he sat + there gazing into vacancy, the firmer became his conviction that Nitetis + had deceived him,—that she had pretended to love him while her heart + really belonged to Bartja. How shamefully they had made sport of him! How + deeply rooted must have been the faithlessness of this clever hypocrite, + if the mere news that his brother loved some one else could not only + destroy all her powers of dissimulation, but actually deprive her of + consciousness! + </p> + <p> + When Nitetis left the hall, Otanes, the father of Phaedime had called out: + “The Egyptian women seem to take great interest in the love-affairs of + their brothers-in-law. The Persian women are not so generous with their + feelings; they keep them for their husbands.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses was too proud to let it be seen that he had heard these words; + like the ostrich, he feigned deafness and blindness in order not to seem + aware of the looks and murmurs of his guests, which all went to prove that + he had been deceived. + </p> + <p> + Bartja could have had no share in her perfidy; she had loved this handsome + youth, and perhaps all the more because she had not been able to hope for + a return of her love. If he had had the slightest suspicion of his + brother, he would have killed him on the spot. Bartja was certainly + innocent of any share in the deception and in his brother’s misery, but + still he was the cause of all; so the old grudge, which had only just been + allowed to slumber, woke again; and, as a relapse is always more dangerous + than the original illness, the newly-roused anger was more violent than + what he had formerly felt. + </p> + <p> + He thought and thought, but he could not devise a fitting punishment for + this false woman. Her death would not content his vengeance, she must + suffer something worse than mere death! + </p> + <p> + Should he send her back to Egypt, disgraced and shamed? Oh, no! she loved + her country, and she would be received by her parents with open arms. + Should he, after she had confessed her guilt, (for he was determined to + force a confession from her) shut her up in a solitary dungeon? or should + he deliver her over to Boges, to be the servant of his concubines? Yes! + now he had hit upon the right punishment. Thus the faithless creature + should be disciplined, and the hypocrite, who had dared to make sport of + him—the All-powerful—forced to atone for her crimes. + </p> + <p> + Then he said to himself: “Bartja must not stay here; fire and water have + more in common than we two—he always fortunate and happy, and I so + miserable. Some day or other his descendants will divide my treasures, and + wear my crown; but as yet I am king, and I will show that I am.” + </p> + <p> + The thought of his proud, powerful position flashed through him like + lightning. He woke from his dreams into new life, flung his golden goblet + far into the hall, so that the wine flew round like rain, and cried: “We + have had enough of this idle talk and useless noise. Let us hold a council + of war, drunken as we are, and consider what answer we ought to give the + Massagetae. Hystaspes, you are the eldest, give us your opinion first.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Herod. I. 134. The Persians deliberated and resolved when they + were intoxicated, and when they were sober reconsidered their + determinations. Tacitus tells the same of the old Germans. Germ, + c. 22.] +</pre> + <p> + Hystaspes, the father of Darius, was an old man. He answered: “It seems to + me, that the messengers of this wandering tribe have left us no choice. We + cannot go to war against desert wastes; but as our host is already under + arms and our swords have lain long in their scabbards, war we must have. + We only want a few good enemies, and I know no easier work than to make + them.” + </p> + <p> + At these words the Persians broke into loud shouts of delight; but Croesus + only waited till the noise had ceased to say: “Hystaspes, you and I are + both old men; but you are a thorough Persian and fancy you can only be + happy in battle and bloodshed. You are now obliged to lean for support on + the staff, which used to be the badge of your rank as commander, and yet + you speak like a hot-blooded boy. I agree with you that enemies are easy + enough to find, but only fools go out to look for them. The man who tries + to make enemies is like a wretch who mutilates his own body. If the + enemies are there, let us go out to meet them like wise men who wish to + look misfortune boldly in the face; but let us never try to begin an + unjust war, hateful to the gods. We will wait until wrong has been done + us, and then go to victory or death, conscious that we have right on our + side.” + </p> + <p> + The old man was interrupted by a low murmur of applause, drowned however + quickly by cries of “Hystaspes is right! let us look for an enemy!” + </p> + <p> + It was now the turn of the envoy Prexaspes to speak, and he answered + laughing: “Let us follow the advice of both these noble old men. We will + do as Croesus bids us and not go out to seek an enemy, but at the same + time we will follow Hystaspes’ advice by raising our claims and + pronouncing every one our enemy, who does not cheerfully consent to become + a member of the kingdom founded by our great father Cyrus. For instance, + we will ask the Indians if they would feel proud to obey your sceptre, + Cambyses. If they answer no, it is a sign that they do not love us, and + whoever does not love us, must be our enemy.” + </p> + <p> + “That won’t do,” cried Zopyrus. “We must have war at any price.” + </p> + <p> + “I vote for Croesus,” said Gobryas. “And I too,” said the noble Artabazus. + </p> + <p> + “We are for Hystaspes,” shouted the warrior Araspes, the old Intaphernes, + and some more of Cyrus’s old companions-in-arms. + </p> + <p> + “War we must have at any price,” roared the general Megabyzus, the father + of Zopyrus, striking the table so sharply with his heavy fist, that the + golden vessels rang again, and some goblets even fell; “but not with the + Massagetac—not with a flying foe.” + </p> + <p> + “There must be no war with the Massagetae,” said the high-priest + Oropastes. “The gods themselves have avenged Cyrus’s death upon them.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses sat for some moments, quietly and coldly watching the + unrestrained enthusiasm of his warriors, and then, rising from his seat, + thundered out the words: “Silence, and listen to your king!” + </p> + <p> + The words worked like magic on this multitude of drunken men. Even those + who were most under the influence of wine, listened to their king in a + kind of unconscious obedience. He lowered his voice and went on: “I did + not ask whether you wished for peace or war—I know that every + Persian prefers the labor of war to an inglorious idleness—but I + wished to know what answer you would give the Massagetan warriors. Do you + consider that the soul of my father—of the man to whom you owe all + your greatness—has been sufficiently avenged?” + </p> + <p> + A dull murmur in the affirmative, interrupted by some violent voices in + the negative, was the answer. The king then asked a second question: + “Shall we accept the conditions proposed by their envoys, and grant peace + to this nation, already so scourged and desolated by the gods?” To this + they all agreed eagerly. + </p> + <p> + “That is what I wished to know,” continued Cambyses. “To-morrow, when we + are sober, we will follow the old custom and reconsider what has been + resolved on during our intoxication. Drink on, all of you, as long as the + night lasts. To-morrow, at the last crow of the sacred bird Parodar, I + shall expect you to meet me for the chase, at the gate of the temple of + Bel.” + </p> + <p> + So saying, the king left the hall, followed by a thundering “Victory to + the king!” Boges had slipped out quietly before him. In the forecourt he + found one of the gardener’s boys from the hanging-gardens. + </p> + <p> + “What do you want here?” asked Boges. “I have something for the prince + Bartja.” + </p> + <p> + “For Bartja? Has he asked your master to send him some seeds or slips?” + </p> + <p> + The boy shook his sunburnt head and smiled roguishly. + </p> + <p> + “Some one else sent you then?” said Boges becoming more attentive. + </p> + <p> + “Yes, some one else.” + </p> + <p> + “Ah! the Egyptian has sent a message to her brother-in-law?” + </p> + <p> + “Who told you that?” + </p> + <p> + “Nitetis spoke to me about it. Here, give me what you have; I will give it + to Bartja at once.” + </p> + <p> + “I was not to give it to any one but the prince himself.” + </p> + <p> + “Give it to me; it will be safer in my hands than in yours.” + </p> + <p> + “I dare not.” + </p> + <p> + “Obey me at once, or—” + </p> + <p> + At this moment the king came up. Boges thought a moment, and then called + in a loud voice to the whip-bearers on duty at the palace-gate, to take + the astonished boy up. + </p> + <p> + “What is the matter here?” asked Cambyses. + </p> + <p> + “This fellow,” answered the eunuch, “has had the audacity to make his way + into the palace with a message from your consort Nitetis to Bartja.” + </p> + <p> + At sight of the king, the boy had fallen on his knees, touching the ground + with his forehead. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses looked at him and turned deadly pale. Then, turning to the + eunuch, he asked: “What does the Egyptian Princess wish from my brother?” + </p> + <p> + “The boy declares that he has orders to give up what has been entrusted to + him to no one but Bartja.” On hearing this the boy looked imploringly up + at the king, and held out a little papyrus roll. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses snatched it out of his hand, but the next moment stamped + furiously on the ground at seeing that the letter was written in Greek, + which he could not read. + </p> + <p> + He collected himself, however, and, with an awful look, asked the boy who + had given him the letter. “The Egyptian lady’s waiting-woman Mandane,” he + answered; “the Magian’s daughter.” + </p> + <p> + “For my brother Bartja?” + </p> + <p> + “She said I was to give the letter to the handsome prince, before the + banquet, with a greeting from her mistress Nitetis, and I was to tell him + ...” + </p> + <p> + Here the king stamped so furiously, that the boy was frightened and could + only stammer: “Before the banquet the prince was walking with you, so I + could not speak to him, and now I am waiting for him here, for Mandane + promised to give me a piece of gold if I did what she told me cleverly.” + </p> + <p> + “And that you have not done,” thundered the king, fancying himself + shamefully deceived. “No, indeed you have not. Here, guards, seize this + fellow!” + </p> + <p> + The boy begged and prayed, but all in vain; the whip-bearers seized him + quick as thought, and Cambyses, who went off at once to his own + apartments, was soon out of reach of his whining entreaties for mercy. + </p> + <p> + Boges followed his master, rubbing his fat hands, and laughing quietly to + himself. + </p> + <p> + The king’s attendants began their work of disrobing him, but he told them + angrily to leave him at once. As soon as they were gone, he called Boges + and said in a low voice: “From this time forward the hanging-gardens and + the Egyptian are under your control. Watch her carefully! If a single + human being or a message reaches her without my knowledge, your life will + be the forfeit.” + </p> + <p> + “But if Kassandane or Atossa should send to her?” + </p> + <p> + “Turn the messengers away, and send word that every attempt to see or + communicate with Nitetis will be regarded by me as a personal offence.” + </p> + <p> + “May I ask a favor for myself, O King?” + </p> + <p> + “The time is not well chosen for asking favors.” + </p> + <p> + “I feel ill. Permit some one else to take charge of the hanging-gardens + for to-morrow only.” + </p> + <p> + “No!—now leave me.” + </p> + <p> + “I am in a burning fever and have lost consciousness three times during + the day—if when I am in that state any one should...” + </p> + <p> + “But who could take your place?” + </p> + <p> + “The Lydian captain of the eunuchs, Kandaules. He is true as gold, and + inflexibly severe. One day of rest would restore me to health. Have mercy, + O King!” + </p> + <p> + “No one is so badly served as the king himself. Kandaules may take your + place to-morrow, but give hum the strictest orders, and say that the + slightest neglect will put his life in danger.—Now depart.” + </p> + <p> + “Yet one word, my King: to-morrow night the rare blue lily in the + hanging-gardens will open. Hystaspes, Intaphernes, Gobyras, Croesus and + Oropastes, the greatest horticulturists at your court, would very much + like to see it. May they be allowed to visit the gardens for a few + minutes? Kandaules shall see that they enter into no communication with + the Egyptian.” + </p> + <p> + “Kandaules must keep his eyes open, if he cares for his own life.—Go!” + </p> + <p> + Boges made a deep obeisance and left the king’s apartment. He threw a few + gold pieces to the slaves who bore the torches before him. He was so very + happy. Every thing had succeeded beyond his expectations:—the fate + of Nitetis was as good as decided, and he held the life of Kandaules, his + hated colleague, in his own hands. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses spent the night in pacing up and down his apartment. By cock-crow + he had decided that Nitetis should be forced to confess her guilt, and + then be sent into the great harem to wait on the concubines. Bartja, the + destroyer of his happiness, should set off at once for Egypt, and on his + return become the satrap of some distant provinces. He did not wish to + incur the guilt of a brother’s murder, but he knew his own temper too well + not to fear that in a moment of sudden anger, he might kill one he hated + so much, and therefore wished to remove him out of the reach of his + passion. + </p> + <p> + Two hours after the sun had risen, Cambyses was riding on his fiery steed, + far in front of a Countless train of followers armed with shields, swords, + lances, bows and lassos, in pursuit of the game which was to be found in + the immense preserves near Babylon, and was to be started from its lair by + more than a thousand dogs. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The same immense trains of followers of course accompanied the + kings on their hunting expeditions, as on their journeys. As the + Persian nobility were very fond of hunting, their boys were taught + this sport at an early age. According to Strabo, kings themselves + boasted of having been mighty hunters in the inscriptions on their + tombs. A relief has been found in the ruins of Persepolis, on which + the king is strangling a lion with his right arm, but this is + supposed to have a historical, not a symbolical meaning. Similar + representations occur on Assyrian monuments. Izdubar strangling a + lion and fighting with a lion (relief at Khorsabad) is admirably + copied in Delitzsch’s edition of G. Smith’s Chaldean Genesis. + Layard discovered some representations of hunting-scenes during his + excavations; as, for instance, stags and wild boars among the reeds; + and the Greeks often mention the immense troops of followers on + horse and foot who attended the kings of Persia when they went + hunting. According to Xenophon, Cyrop. I. 2. II. 4. every hunter + was obliged to be armed with a bow and arrows, two lances, sword and + shield. In Firdusi’s Book of Kings we read that the lasso was also + a favorite weapon. Hawking was well known to the Persians more than + 900 years ago. Book of Kabus XVIII. p. 495. The boomerang was + used in catching birds as well by the Persians as by the ancient + Egyptians and the present savage tribes of New Holland.] +</pre> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0018" id="link2HCH0018"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER II. + </h2> + <p> + The hunt was over. Waggons full of game, amongst which were several + enormous wild boars killed by the king’s own hand, were driven home behind + the sports men. At the palace-gates the latter dispersed to their several + abodes, in order to exchange the simple Persian leather hunting-costume + for the splendid Median court-dress. + </p> + <p> + In the course of the day’s sport Cambyses had (with difficulty restraining + his agitation) given his brother the seemingly kind order to start the + next day for Egypt in order to fetch Sappho and accompany her to Persia. + At the same time he assigned him the revenues of Bactra, Rhagae and Sinope + for the maintenance of his new household, and to his young wife, all the + duties levied from her native town Phocaea, as pin-money. + </p> + <p> + Bartja thanked his generous brother with undisguised warmth, but Cambyses + remained cold as ice, uttered a few farewell words, and then, riding off + in pursuit of a wild ass, turned his back upon him. + </p> + <p> + On the way home from the chase the prince invited his bosom-friends + Croesus, Darius, Zopyrus and Gyges to drink a parting-cup with him. + </p> + <p> + Croesus promised to join them later, as he had promised to visit the blue + lily at the rising of the Tistarstar. + </p> + <p> + He had been to the hanging-gardens that morning early to visit Nitetis, + but had been refused entrance by the guards, and the blue lily seemed now + to offer him another chance of seeing and speaking to his beloved pupil. + He wished for this very much, as he could not thoroughly understand her + behavior the day before, and was uneasy at the strict watch set over her. + </p> + <p> + The young Achaemenidae sat cheerfully talking together in the twilight in + a shady bower in the royal gardens, cool fountains plashing round them. + Araspes, a Persian of high rank, who had been one of Cyrus’s friends, had + joined them, and did full justice to the prince’s excellent wine. + </p> + <p> + “Fortunate Bartja!” cried the old bachelor, “going out to a golden country + to fetch the woman you love; while I, miserable old fellow, am blamed by + everybody, and totter to my grave without wife or children to weep for me + and pray the gods to be merciful to my poor soul.” + </p> + <p> + “Why think of such things?” cried Zopyrus, flourishing the wine-cup. + “There’s no woman so perfect that her husband does not, at least once a + day, repent that he ever took a wife. Be merry, old friend, and remember + that it’s all your own fault. If you thought a wife would make you happy, + why did not you do as I have done? I am only twenty-two years old and have + five stately wives and a troop of the most beautiful slaves in my house.” + </p> + <p> + Araspes smiled bitterly. + </p> + <p> + “And what hinders you from marrying now?” said Gyges. “You are a match for + many a younger man in appearance, strength, courage and perseverance. You + are one of the king’s nearest relations too—I tell you, Araspes, you + might have twenty young and beautiful wives.” + </p> + <p> + “Look after your own affairs,” answered Araspes. “In your place, I + certainly should not have waited to marry till I was thirty.” + </p> + <p> + “An oracle has forbidden my marrying.” + </p> + <p> + “Folly? how can a sensible man care for what an oracle says? It is only by + dreams, that the gods announce the future to men. I should have thought + that your own father was example enough of the shameful way in which those + lying priests deceive their best friends.” + </p> + <p> + “That is a matter which you do not understand, Araspes.” + </p> + <p> + “And never wish to, boy, for you only believe in oracles because you don’t + understand them, and in your short-sightedness call everything that is + beyond your comprehension a miracle. And you place more confidence in + anything that seems to you miraculous, than in the plain simple truth that + lies before your face. An oracle deceived your father and plunged him into + ruin, but the oracle is miraculous, and so you too, in perfect confidence, + allow it to rob you of happiness!” + </p> + <p> + “That is blasphemy, Araspes. Are the gods to be blamed because we + misunderstand their words?” + </p> + <p> + “Certainly: for if they wished to benefit us they would give us, with the + words, the necessary penetration for discovering their meaning. What good + does a beautiful speech do me, if it is in a foreign language that I do + not understand?” + </p> + <p> + “Leave off this useless discussion,” said Darius, “and tell us instead, + Araspes, how it is that, though you congratulate every man on becoming a + bridegroom, you yourself have so long submitted to be blamed by the + priests, slighted at all entertainments and festivals, and abused by the + women, only because you choose to live and die a bachelor?” + </p> + <p> + Araspes looked down thoughtfully, then shook himself, took a long draught + from the wine-cup, and said, “I have my reasons, friends, but I cannot + tell them now.” + </p> + <p> + “Tell them, tell them,” was the answer. + </p> + <p> + “No, children, I cannot, indeed I cannot. This cup I drain to the health + of the charming Sappho, and this second to your good fortune, my favorite, + Darius.” + </p> + <p> + “Thanks, Araspes!” exclaimed Bartja, joyfully raising his goblet to his + lips. + </p> + <p> + “You mean well, I know,” muttered Darius, looking down gloomily. + </p> + <p> + “What’s this, you son of Hystaspes?” cried the old man, looking more + narrowly at the serious face of the youth. “Dark looks like these don’t + sit well on a betrothed lover, who is to drink to the health of his + dearest one. Is not Gobryas’ little daughter the noblest of all the young + Persian girls after Atossa? and isn’t she beautiful?” + </p> + <p> + “Artystone has every talent and quality that a daughter of the + Achaemenidae ought to possess,” was Darius’s answer, but his brow did not + clear as he said the words. + </p> + <p> + “Well, if you want more than that, you must be very hard to please.” + </p> + <p> + Darius raised his goblet and looked down into the wine. + </p> + <p> + “The boy is in love, as sure as my name is Araspes!” exclaimed the elder + man. + </p> + <p> + “What a set of foolish fellows you are,” broke in Zopyrus at this + exclamation. “One of you has remained a bachelor in defiance of all + Persian customs; another has been frightened out of marrying by an oracle; + Bartja has determined to be content with only one wife; and Darius looks + like a Destur chanting the funeral-service, because his father has told + him to make himself happy with the most beautiful and aristocratic girl in + Persia!” + </p> + <p> + “Zopyrus is right,” cried Araspes. “Darius is ungrateful to fortune.” + </p> + <p> + Bartja meanwhile kept his eyes fixed on the friend, who was thus blamed by + the others. He saw that their jests annoyed him, and feeling his own great + happiness doubly in that moment, pressed Darius’s hand, saying: “I am so + sorry that I cannot be present at your wedding. By the time I come back, I + hope you will be reconciled to your father’s choice.” + </p> + <p> + “Perhaps,” said Darius, “I may be able to show a second and even a third + wife by that time.” + </p> + <p> + “‘Anahita’ grant it!” exclaimed Zopyrus. “The Achaemenidae would soon + become extinct, if every one were to follow such examples as Gyges and + Araspes have set us. And your one wife, Bartja, is really not worth + talking about. It is your duty to marry three wives at once, in order to + keep up your father’s family—the race of Cyrus.” + </p> + <p> + “I hate our custom of marrying many wives,” answered Bartja. “Through + doing this, we make ourselves inferior to the women, for we expect them to + remain faithful to us all our lives, and we, who are bound to respect + truth and faithfulness above every thing else, swear inviolable love to + one woman to-day, and to another to-morrow.” + </p> + <p> + “Nonsense!” cried Zopyrus. “I’d rather lose my tongue than tell a he to a + man, but our wives are so awfully deceitful, that one has no choice but to + pay them back in their own coin.” + </p> + <p> + “The Greek women are different,” said Bartja, “because they are + differently treated. Sappho told me of one, I think her name was Penelope, + who waited twenty years faithfully and lovingly for her husband, though + every one believed he was dead, and she had fifty lovers a day at her + house.” + </p> + <p> + “My wives would not wait so long for me,” said Zopyrus laughing. “To tell + the truth, I don’t think I should be sorry to find an empty house, if I + came back after twenty years. For then I could take some new wives into my + harem, young and beautiful, instead of the unfaithful ones, who, besides, + would have grown old. But alas! every woman does not find some one to run + away with her, and our women would rather have an absent husband than none + at all.” + </p> + <p> + “If your wives could hear what you are saying!” said Araspes. + </p> + <p> + “They would declare war with me at once, or, what is still worse, conclude + a peace with one another.” + </p> + <p> + “How would that be worse?” + </p> + <p> + “How? it is easy to see, that you have had no experience.” + </p> + <p> + “Then let us into the secrets of your married life.” + </p> + <p> + “With pleasure. You can easily fancy, that five wives in one house do not + live quite so peacefully as five doves in a cage; mine at least carry on + an uninterrupted, mortal warfare. But I have accustomed myself to that, + and their sprightliness even amuses me. A year ago, however, they came to + terms with one another, and this day of peace was the most miserable in my + life.” + </p> + <p> + “You are jesting.” + </p> + <p> + “No, indeed, I am quite in earnest. The wretched eunuch who had to keep + watch over the five, allowed them to see an old jewel-merchant from Tyre. + Each of them chose a separate and expensive set of jewels. When I came + home Sudabe came up and begged for money to pay for these ornaments. The + things were too dear, and I refused. Every one of the five then came and + begged me separately for the money; I refused each of them point blank and + went off to court. When I came back, there were all my wives weeping side + by side, embracing one another and calling each other fellow-sufferers. + These former enemies rose up against me with the most touching unanimity, + and so overwhelmed me with revilings and threats that I left the room. + They closed their doors against me. The next morning the lamentations of + the evening before were continued. I fled once more and went hunting with + the king, and when I came back, tired, hungry and half-frozen—for it + was in spring, we were already at Ecbatana, and the snow was lying an ell + deep on the Orontes—there was no fire on the hearth and nothing to + eat. These noble creatures had entered into an alliance in order to punish + me, had put out the fire, forbidden the cooks to do their duty and, which + was worse than all—had kept the jewels! No sooner had I ordered the + slaves to make a fire and prepare food, than the impudent jewel-dealer + appeared and demanded his money. I refused again, passed another solitary + night, and in the morning sacrificed ten talents for the sake of peace. + Since that time harmony and peace among my beloved wives seems to me as + much to be feared as the evil Divs themselves, and I see their little + quarrels with the greatest pleasure.” + </p> + <p> + “Poor Zopyrus!” cried Bartja. + </p> + <p> + “Why poor?” asked this five-fold husband. “I tell you I am much happier + than you are. My wives are young and charming, and when they grow old, + what is to hinder me from taking others, still handsomer, and who, by the + side of the faded beauties, will be doubly charming. Ho! slave—bring + some lamps. The sun has gone down, and the wine loses all its flavor when + the table is not brightly lighted.” + </p> + <p> + At this moment the voice of Darius, who had left the arbor and gone out + into the garden, was heard calling: “Come and hear how beautifully the + nightingale is singing.” + </p> + <p> + “By Mithras, you son of Hystaspes, you must be in love,” interrupted + Araspes. “The flowery darts of love must have entered the heart of him, + who leaves his wine to listen to the nightingale.” + </p> + <p> + “You are right there, father,” cried Bartja. “Philomel, as the Greeks call + our Gulgul, is the lovers’ bird among all nations, for love has given her + her beautiful song. What beauty were you dreaming of, Darius, when you + went out to listen to the nightingale?” + </p> + <p> + “I was not dreaming of any,” answered he. “You know how fond I am of + watching the stars, and the Tistar-star rose so splendidly to-night, that + I left the wine to watch it. The nightingales were singing so loudly to + one another, that if I had not wished to hear them I must have stopped my + ears.” + </p> + <p> + “You kept them wide open, however,” said Araspes laughing. “Your + enraptured exclamation proved that.” + </p> + <p> + “Enough of this,” cried Darius, to whom these jokes were getting + wearisome. “I really must beg you to leave off making allusions to + matters, which I do not care to hear spoken of.” + </p> + <p> + “Imprudent fellow!” whispered the older man; “now you really have betrayed + yourself. If you were not in love, you would have laughed instead of + getting angry. Still I won’t go on provoking you—tell me what you + have just been reading in the stars.” + </p> + <p> + At these words Darius looked up again into the starry sky and fixed his + eyes on a bright constellation hanging over the horizon. Zopyrus watched + him and called out to his friends, “Something important must be happening + up there. Darius, tell us what’s going on in the heavens just now.” + </p> + <p> + “Nothing good,” answered the other. “Bartja, I have something to say to + you alone.” + </p> + <p> + “Why to me alone? Araspes always keeps his own counsel, and from the rest + of you I never have any secrets.” + </p> + <p> + “Still—” + </p> + <p> + “Speak out.” + </p> + <p> + “No, I wish you would come into the garden with me.” + </p> + <p> + Bartja nodded to the others, who were still sitting over their wine, laid + his hand on Darius’ shoulder and went out with him into the bright + moonlight. As soon as they were alone, Darius seized both his friend’s + hands, and said: “To-day is the third time that things have happened in + the heavens, which bode no good for you. Your evil star has approached + your favorable constellation so nearly, that a mere novice in astrology + could see some serious danger was at hand. Be on your guard, Bartja, and + start for Egypt to-day; the stars tell me that the danger is here on the + Euphrates, not abroad.” + </p> + <p> + “Do you believe implicitly in the stars?” + </p> + <p> + “Implicitly. They never lie.” + </p> + <p> + “Then it would be folly to try and avoid what they have foretold.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, no man can run away from his destiny; but that very destiny is like + a fencing-master—his favorite pupils are those who have the courage + and skill to parry his own blows. Start for Egypt to-day, Bartja.” + </p> + <p> + “I cannot—I haven’t taken leave of my mother and Atossa.” + </p> + <p> + “Send them a farewell message, and tell Croesus to explain the reason of + your starting so quickly.” + </p> + <p> + “They would call me a coward.” + </p> + <p> + “It is cowardly to yield to any mortal, but to go out of the way of one’s + fate is wisdom.” + </p> + <p> + “You contradict yourself, Darius. What would the fencing-master say to a + runaway-pupil?” + </p> + <p> + “He would rejoice in the stratagem, by which an isolated individual tried + to escape a superior force.” + </p> + <p> + “But the superior force must conquer at last.—What would be the use + of my trying to put off a danger which, you say yourself, cannot be + averted? If my tooth aches, I have it drawn at once, instead of tormenting + and making myself miserable for weeks by putting off the painful operation + as a coward or a woman would, till the last moment. I can await this + coming danger bravely, and the sooner it comes the better, for then I + shall have it behind me.” + </p> + <p> + “You do not know how serious it is.” + </p> + <p> + “Are you afraid for my life?” + </p> + <p> + “No.” + </p> + <p> + “Then tell me, what you are afraid of.” + </p> + <p> + “That Egyptian priest with whom I used to study the stars, once cast your + horoscope with me. He knew more about the heavens, than any man I ever + saw. I learnt a great deal from him, and I will not hide from you that + even then he drew my attention to dangers that threaten you now.” + </p> + <p> + “And you did not tell me?” + </p> + <p> + “Why should I have made you uneasy beforehand? Now that your destiny is + drawing near, I warn you.” + </p> + <p> + “Thank you,—I will be careful. In former times I should not have + listened to such a warning, but now that I love Sappho, I feel as if my + life were not so much my own to do what I like with, as it used to be.” + </p> + <p> + “I understand this feeling...” + </p> + <p> + “You understand it? Then Araspes was right? You don’t deny?” + </p> + <p> + “A mere dream without any hope of fulfilment.” + </p> + <p> + “But what woman could refuse you?” + </p> + <p> + “Refuse!” + </p> + <p> + “I don’t understand you. Do you mean to say that you—the boldest + sportsman, the strongest wrestler—the wisest of all the young + Persians—that you, Darius, are afraid of a woman?” + </p> + <p> + “Bartja, may I tell you more, than I would tell even to my own father?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes.” + </p> + <p> + “I love the daughter of Cyrus, your sister and the king’s, Atossa.” + </p> + <p> + “Have I understood you rightly? you love Atossa? Be praised for this, O ye + pure Amescha cpenta! Now I shall never believe in your stars again, for + instead of the danger with which they threatened me, here comes an + unexpected happiness. Embrace me, my brother, and tell me the whole story, + that I may see whether I can help you to turn this hopeless dream, as you + call it, into a reality.” + </p> + <p> + “You will remember that before our journey to Egypt, we went with the + entire court from Ecbatana to Susa. I was in command of the division of + the ‘Immortals’ appointed to escort the carriages containing the king’s + mother and sister, and his wives. In going through the narrow pass which + leads over the Orontes, the horses of your mother’s carriage slipped. The + yoke to which the horses were harnessed broke from the pole, and the + heavy, four-wheeled carriage fell over the precipice without obstruction. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [There was a yoke at the end of the shaft of a Persian carriage, + which was fastened on to the backs of the horses and took the place + of our horse-collar and pole-chain.] +</pre> + <p> + On seeing it disappear, we were horrified and spurred our horses to the + place as quickly as possible. We expected of course to see only fragments + of the carriages and the dead bodies of its inmates, but the gods had + taken them into their almighty protection, and there lay the carriage, + with broken wheels, in the arms of two gigantic cypresses which had taken + firm root in the fissures of the slate rocks, and whose dark tops reached + up to the edge of the carriage-road. + </p> + <p> + “As quick as thought I sprang from my horse and scrambled down one of the + cypresses. Your mother and sister stretched their arms to me, crying for + help. The danger was frightful, for the sides of the carriage had been so + shattered by the fall, that they threatened every moment to give way, in + which case those inside it must inevitably have fallen into the black, + unfathomable abyss which looked like an abode for the gloomy Divs, and + stretched his jaws wide to crush its beautiful victims. + </p> + <p> + “I stood before the shattered carriage as it hung over the precipice ready + to fall to pieces every moment, and then for the first time I met your + sister’s imploring look. From that moment I loved her, but at the time I + was much too intent on saving them, to think of anything else, and had no + idea what had taken place within me. I dragged the trembling women out of + the carriage, and one minute later it rolled down the abyss crashing into + a thousand pieces. I am a strong man, but I confess that all my strength + was required to keep myself and the two women from falling over the + precipice until ropes were thrown to us from above. Atossa hung round my + neck, and Kassandane lay on my breast, supported by my left arm; with the + right I fastened the rope round my waist, we were drawn up, and I found + myself a few minutes later on the high-road—your mother and sister + were saved. + </p> + <p> + “As soon as one of the Magi had bound up the wounds cut by the rope in my + side, the king sent for me, gave me the chain I am now wearing and the + revenues of an entire satrapy, and then took me to his mother and sister. + They expressed their gratitude very warmly; Kassandane allowed me to kiss + her forehead, and gave me all the jewels she had worn at the time of the + accident, as a present for my future wife. Atossa took a ring from her + finger, put it on mine and kissed my hand in the warmth of her emotion—you + know how eager and excitable she is. Since that happy day—the + happiest in my life—I have never seen your sister, till yesterday + evening, when we sat opposite to each other at the banquet. Our eyes met. + I saw nothing but Atossa, and I think she has not forgotten the man who + saved her. Kassandane...” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, my mother would be delighted to have you for a son-in-law; I will + answer for that. As to the king, your father must apply to him; he is our + uncle and has a right to ask the hand of Cyrus’s daughter for his son.” + </p> + <p> + “But have you forgotten your father’s dream? You know that Cambyses has + always looked on me with suspicion since that time.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, that has been long forgotten. My father dreamt before his death that + you had wings, and was misled by the soothsayers into the fancy that you, + though you were only eighteen then, would try to gain the crown. Cambyses + thought of this dream too; but, when you saved my mother and sister, + Croesus explained to him that this must have been its fulfilment, as no + one but Darius or a winged eagle could possibly have possessed strength + and dexterity enough to hang suspended over such an abyss.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, and I remember too that these words did not please your brother. He + chooses to be the only eagle in Persia; but Croesus does not spare his + vanity—” + </p> + <p> + “Where can Croesus be all this time?” + </p> + <p> + “In the hanging-gardens. My father and Gobryas have very likely detained + him.” + </p> + <p> + Just at that moment the voice of Zopyrus was heard exclaiming, “Well, I + call that polite! Bartja invites us to a wine-party and leaves us sitting + here without a host, while he talks secrets yonder.” + </p> + <p> + “We are coming, we are coming,” answered Bartja. Then taking the hand of + Darius heartily, he said: “I am very glad that you love Atossa. I shall + stay here till the day after to-morrow, let the stars threaten me with all + the dangers in the world. To-morrow I will find out what Atossa feels, and + when every thing is in the right track I shall go away, and leave my + winged Darius to his own powers.” + </p> + <p> + So saying Bartja went back into the arbor, and his friend began to watch + the stars again. The longer he looked the sadder and more serious became + his face, and when the Tistar-star set, he murmured, “Poor Bartja!” His + friends called him, and he was on the point of returning to them, when he + caught sight of a new star, and began to examine its position carefully. + His serious looks gave way to a triumphant smile, his tall figure seemed + to grow taller still, he pressed his hand on his heart and whispered: “Use + your pinions, winged Darius; your star will be on your side,” and then + returned to his friends. + </p> + <p> + A few minutes after, Croesus came up to the arbor. The youths sprang from + their seats to welcome the old man, but when he saw Bartja’s face by the + bright moonlight, he stood as if transfixed by a flash of lightning. + </p> + <p> + “What has happened, father?” asked Gyges, seizing his hand anxiously. + </p> + <p> + “Nothing, nothing,” he stammered almost inaudibly, and pushing his son on + one side, whispered in Bartja’s ear: “Unhappy boy, you are still here? + don’t delay any longer,—fly at once! the whip-bearers are close at + my heels, and I assure you that if you don’t use the greatest speed, you + will have to forfeit your double imprudence with your life.” + </p> + <p> + “But Croesus, I have...” + </p> + <p> + “You have set at nought the law of the land and of the court, and, in + appearance at least, have done great offence to your brother’s honor. ...” + </p> + <p> + “You are speaking...” + </p> + <p> + “Fly, I tell you—fly at once; for if your visit to the + hanging-gardens was ever so innocently meant, you are still in the + greatest danger. You know Cambyses’ violent temper so well; how could you + so wickedly disobey his express command?” + </p> + <p> + “I don’t understand.” + </p> + <p> + “No excuses,—fly! don’t you know that, Cambyses has long been + jealous of you, and that your visit to the Egyptian to-night...” + </p> + <p> + “I have never once set foot in the hanging-gardens, since Nitetis has been + here.” + </p> + <p> + “Don’t add a lie to your offence, I...” + </p> + <p> + “But I swear to you...” + </p> + <p> + “Do you wish to turn a thoughtless act into a crime by adding the guilt of + perjury? The whip-bearers are coming, fly!” + </p> + <p> + “I shall remain here, and abide by my oath.” + </p> + <p> + “You are infatuated! It is not an hour ago since I myself, Hystaspes, and + others of the Achaemenidae saw you in the hanging-gardens...” + </p> + <p> + In his astonishment Bartja had, half involuntarily, allowed himself to be + led away, but when he heard this he stood still, called his friends and + said “Croesus says he met me an hour ago in the hanging-gardens, you know + that since the sun set I have not been away from you. Give your testimony, + that in this case an evil Div must have made sport of our friend and his + companions.” + </p> + <p> + “I swear to you, father,” cried Gyges, “that Bartja has not left this + garden for some hours.” + </p> + <p> + “And we confirm the same,” added Araspes, Zopyrus and Darius with one + voice. + </p> + <p> + “You want to deceive me?” said Croesus getting very angry, and looking at + each of them reproachfully: “Do you fancy that I am blind or mad? Do you + think that your witness will outweigh the words of such men as Hystaspes, + Gobryas, Artaphernes and the high priest, Oropastes? In spite of all your + false testimony, which no amount of friendship can justify, Bartja will + have to die unless he flies at once.” + </p> + <p> + “May Angramainjus destroy me,” said Araspes interrupting the old man, “if + Bartja was in the hanging-gardens two hours ago!” and Gyges added: + </p> + <p> + “Don’t call me your son any longer, if we have given false testimony.” + </p> + <p> + Darius was beginning to appeal to the eternal stars, but Bartja put an end + to this confusion of voices by saying in a decided tone: “A division of + the bodyguard is coming into the garden. I am to be arrested; I cannot + escape because I am innocent, and to fly would lay me open to suspicion. + By the soul of my father, the blind eyes of my mother, and the pure light + of the sun, Croesus, I swear that I am not lying.” + </p> + <p> + “Am I to believe you, in spite of my own eyes which have never yet + deceived me? But I will, boy, for I love you. I do not and I will not know + whether you are innocent or guilty, but this I do know, you must fly, and + fly at once. You know Cambyses. My carriage is waiting at the gate. Don’t + spare the horses, save yourself even if you drive them to death. The + Soldiers seem to know what they have been sent to do; there can be no + question that they delay so long only in order to give their favorite time + to escape. Fly, fly, or it is all over with you.” + </p> + <p> + Darius, too, pushed his friend forward, exclaiming: “Fly, Bartja, and + remember the warning that the heavens themselves wrote in the stars for + you.” + </p> + <p> + Bartja, however, stood silent, shook his handsome head, waved his friends + back, and answered: “I never ran away yet, and I mean to hold my ground + to-day. Cowardice is worse than death in my opinion, and I would rather + suffer wrong at the hands of others than disgrace myself. There are the + soldiers! Well met, Bischen. You’ve come to arrest me, haven’t you? Wait + one moment, till I have said good-bye to my friends.” + </p> + <p> + Bischen, the officer he spoke to, was one of Cyrus’s old captains; he had + given Bartja his first lessons in shooting and throwing the spear, had + fought by his side in the war with the Tapuri, and loved him as if he were + his own son. He interrupted him, saying: “There is no need to take leave + of your friends, for the king, who is raging like a madman, ordered me not + only to arrest you, but every one else who might be with you.” + </p> + <p> + And then he added in a low voice: “The king is beside himself with rage + and threatens to have your life. You must fly. My men will do what I tell + them blindfold; they will not pursue you; and I am so old that it would be + little loss to Persia, if my head were the price of my disobedience.” + </p> + <p> + “Thanks, thanks, my friend,” said Bartja, giving him his hand; “but I + cannot accept your offer, because I am innocent, and I know that though + Cambyses is hasty, he is not unjust. Come friends, I think the king will + give us a hearing to-day, late as it is.” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0019" id="link2HCH0019"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER III. + </h2> + <p> + Two hours later Bartja and his friends were standing before the king. The + gigantic man was seated on his golden throne; he was pale and his eyes + looked sunken; two physicians stood waiting behind him with all kinds of + instruments and vessels in their hands. Cambyses had, only a few minutes + before, recovered consciousness, after lying for more than an hour in one + of those awful fits, so destructive both to mind and body, which we call + epileptic. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The dangerous disease to which Herodotus says Cambyses had been + subject from his birth, and which was called “sacred” by some, can + scarcely be other than epilepsy. See Herod, III. 33.] +</pre> + <p> + Since Nitetis’ arrival he had been free from this illness; but it had + seized him to-day with fearful violence, owing to the overpowering mental + excitement he had gone through. + </p> + <p> + If he had met Bartja a few hours before, he would have killed him with his + own hand; but though the epileptic fit had not subdued his anger it had at + least so far quieted it, that he was in a condition to hear what was to be + said on both sides. + </p> + <p> + At the right hand of the throne stood Hystaspes, Darius’s grey-haired + father, Gobryas, his future father-in-law, the aged Intaphernes, the + grandfather of that Phaedime whose place in the king’s favor had been + given to Nitetis, Oropastes the high-priest, Croesus, and behind them + Boges, the chief of the eunuchs. At its left Bartja, whose hands were + heavily fettered, Araspes, Darius, Zopyrus and Gyges. In the background + stood some hundred officials and grandees. + </p> + <p> + After a long silence Cambyses raised his eyes, fixed a withering look on + his fettered brother, and said in a dull hollow voice: “High-priest, tell + us what awaits the man who deceives his brother, dishonors and offends his + king, and darkens his own heart by black lies.” + </p> + <p> + Oropastes came forward and answered: “As soon as such a one is proved + guilty, a death full of torment awaits him in this world, and an awful + sentence on the bridge Chinvat; for he has transgressed the highest + commands, and, by committing three crimes, has forfeited the mercy of our + law, which commands that his life shall be granted to the man who has + sinned but once, even though he be only a slave.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [On the third day after death, at the rising of the bright sun, the + souls are conducted by the Divs to the bridge Chinvat, where they + are questioned as to their past lives and conduct. Vendid. + Fargard. XIX. 93. On that spot the two supernatural powers fight + for the soul.] +</pre> + <p> + “Then Bartja has deserved death. Lead him away, guards, and strangle him! + Take him away! Be silent, wretch! never will I listen to that smooth, + hypocritical tongue again, or look at those treacherous eyes. They come + from the Divs and delude every one with their wanton glances. Off with + him, guards!” + </p> + <p> + Bischen, the captain, came up to obey the order, but in the same moment + Croesus threw himself at the king’s feet, touched the floor with his + forehead, raised his hands and cried: “May thy days and years bring nought + but happiness and prosperity; may Auramazda pour down all the blessings of + this life upon thee, and the Amescha cpenta be the guardians of thy + throne! + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Amescha cpenta, “holy immortal ones,” maybe compared to the + archangels of the Hebrews. They surround the throne of Auramazda + and symbolize the highest virtues. Later we find their number fixed + at six.] +</pre> + <p> + Do not close thine ear to the words of the aged, but remember that thy + father Cyrus appointed me to be thy counsellor. Thou art about to slay thy + brother; but I say unto thee, do not indulge anger; strive to control it. + It is the duty of kings and of the wise, not to act without due enquiry. + Beware of shedding a brother’s blood; the smoke thereof will rise to + heaven and become a cloud that must darken the days of the murderer, and + at last cast down the lightnings of vengeance on his head. But I know that + thou desirest justice, not murder. Act then as those who have to pronounce + a sentence, and hear both sides before deciding. When this has been done, + if the criminal is proved guilty and confesses his crime, the smoke of his + blood will rise to heaven as a friendly shadow, instead of a darkening + cloud, and thou wilt have earned the fame of a just judge instead of + deserving the divine judgments.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses listened in silence, made a sign to Bischen to retire, and + commanded Boges to repeat his accusation. + </p> + <p> + The eunuch made an obeisance, and began: “I was ill and obliged to leave + the Egyptian and the Hanging-gardens in the care of my colleague + Kandaules, who has paid for his negligence with his life. Finding myself + better towards evening, I went up to the hanging-gardens to see if + everything was in order there, and also to look at the rare flower which + was to blossom in the night. The king, (Auramazda grant him victory!) had + commanded that the Egyptian should be more strictly watched than usual, + because she had dared to send the noble Bartja...” + </p> + <p> + “Be silent,” interrupted the king, “and keep to the matter in hand.” + </p> + <p> + “Just as the Tistar-star was rising, I came into the garden, and staid + some time there with these noble Achaemenidae, the high-priest and the + king Croesus, looking at the blue lily, which was marvellously beautiful. + I then called my colleague Kandaules and asked him, in the presence of + these noble witnesses, if everything was in order. He affirmed that this + was the case and added, that he had just come from Nitetis, that she had + wept the whole day, and neither tasted food nor drink. Feeling anxious + lest my noble mistress should become worse, I commissioned Kandaules to + fetch a physician, and was just on the point of leaving the noble + Achaemenidae, in order in person to ascertain my mistress’s state of + health, when I saw in the moon-light the figure of a man. I was so ill and + weak, that I could hardly stand and had no one near to help me, except the + gardener. + </p> + <p> + “My men were on guard at the different entrances, some distance from us. + </p> + <p> + “I clapped my hands to call some of them, but, as they did not come, I + went nearer to the house myself, under the protection of these noblemen.—The + man was standing by the window of the Egyptian Princess’s apartment, and + uttered a low whistle when he heard us coming up. Another figure appeared + directly—clearly recognizable in the bright moonlight—sprang + out of the sleeping-room window and came towards us with her companion. + </p> + <p> + “I could hardly believe my eyes on discovering that the intruder was no + other than the noble Bartja. A fig-tree concealed us from the fugitives, + but we could distinctly see them, as they passed us at a distance of not + more than four steps. While I was thinking whether I should be justified + in arresting a son of Cyrus, Croesus called to Bartja, and the two figures + suddenly disappeared behind a cypress. No one but your brother himself can + possibly explain the strange way in which he disappeared. I went at once + to search the house, and found the Egyptian lying unconscious on the couch + in her sleeping-room.” + </p> + <p> + Every one listened to this story in the greatest suspense. Cambyses ground + his teeth and asked in a voice of great emotion: “Can you testify to the + words of the eunuch, Hystaspes?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes.” + </p> + <p> + “Why did you not lay hands on the offender?” + </p> + <p> + “We are soldiers, not policemen.” + </p> + <p> + “Or rather you care for every knave more than for your king.” + </p> + <p> + “We honor our king, and abhor the criminal just as we formerly loved the + innocent son of Cyrus.” + </p> + <p> + “Did you recognize Bartja distinctly?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes.” + </p> + <p> + “And you, Croesus, can you too give no other answer?” + </p> + <p> + “No! I fancied I saw your brother in the moonlight then, as clearly as I + see him now; but I believe we must have been deceived by some remarkable + likeness.” Boges grew pale at these words; Cambyses, however, shook his + head as if the idea did not please him, and said: “Whom am I to believe + then, if the eyes of my best warriors fail them? and who would wish to be + a judge, if testimony such as yours is not to be considered valid?” + </p> + <p> + “Evidence quite as weighty as ours, will prove that we must have been in + error.” + </p> + <p> + “Will any one dare to give evidence in favor of such an outrageous + criminal?” asked Cambyses, springing up and stamping his foot. + </p> + <p> + “We will,” “I,” “we,” shouted Araspes, Darius, Gyges and Zopyrus with one + voice. + </p> + <p> + “Traitors, knaves!” cried the king. But as he caught sight of Croesus’ + warning eye fixed upon him, he lowered his voice, and said: “What have you + to bring forward in favor of this fellow? Take care what you say, and + consider well what punishment awaits perjurers.” + </p> + <p> + “We know that well enough,” said Araspes, “and yet we are ready to swear + by Mithras, that we have not left Bartja or his garden one moment since we + came back from hunting.” + </p> + <p> + “As for me,” said Darius, “I, the son of Hystaspes, have especially + convincing evidence to give in favor of your brother’s innocence; I + watched the rising of the Tistar-star with him; and this, according to + Boges, was the very star that shone on his flight.” + </p> + <p> + Hystaspes gazed on his son in astonishment and doubt at hearing these + words, and Cambyses turned a scrutinizing eye first on the one and then on + the other party of these strange witnesses, who wished so much, and yet + found it so impossible, to believe one another, himself unable to come to + a decision. + </p> + <p> + Bartja, who till now had remained perfectly silent, looking down sadly at + his chained hands, took advantage of the silence to say, making at the + same time a deep obeisance: “May I be allowed to speak a few words, my + King?” + </p> + <p> + “Speak!” + </p> + <p> + “From our father we learnt to strive after that which was pure and good + only; so up to this time my life has been unstained. If you have ever + known me take part in an evil deed, you have a right not to believe me, + but if you find no fault in me then trust to what I say, and remember that + a son of Cyrus would rather die than tell a lie. I confess that no judge + was ever placed in such a perplexing position. The best men in your + kingdom testify against one another, friend against friend, father against + son. But I tell you that were the entire Persian nation to rise up against + you, and swear that Cambyses had committed this or that evil deed, and you + were to say, ‘I did not commit it,’ I, Bartja, would give all Persia the + lie and exclaim, ‘Ye are all false witnesses; sooner could the sea cast up + fire than a son of Cyrus allow his mouth to deal in lies.’ No, Cambyses, + you and I are so high-born that no one but yourself can bear evidence + against me; and you can only be judged out of your own mouth.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses’ looks grew a little milder on hearing these words, and his + brother went on: “So I swear to you by Mithras, and by all pure spirits, + that I am innocent. May my life become extinct and my race perish from off + the earth, if I tell you a lie, when I say that I have not once set foot + in the hanging-gardens since my return!” + </p> + <p> + Bartja’s voice was so firm and his tone so full of assurance, as he + uttered this oath that Cambyses ordered his chains to be loosened, and, + after a few moments’ thought, said: “I should like to believe you, for I + cannot bear to imagine you the worst and most abandoned of men. To-morrow + we will summon the astrologers, soothsayers and priests. Perhaps they may + be able to discover the truth. Can you see any light in this darkness, + Oropastes?” + </p> + <p> + “Thy servant supposes, that a Div has taken upon him the form of Bartja, + in order to ruin the king’s brother and stain thine own royal soul with + the blood of thy father’s son.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses and every one present nodded their assent to this proposition, + and the king was just going to offer his hand to Bartja, when a + staff-bearer came in and gave the king a dagger. A eunuch had found it + under the windows of Nitetis’ sleeping-apartment. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses examined the weapon carefully. Its costly hilt was thickly set + with rubies and turquoises. As he looked he turned pale, and dashed the + dagger on the ground before Bartja with such violence, that the stones + fell out of their setting. + </p> + <p> + “This is your dagger, you wretch!” he shrieked, seized by the same violent + passion as before. “This very morning you used it to give the last thrust + to the wild boar, that I had mortally wounded. Croesus, you ought to know + it too, for my father brought it from your treasure-house at Sardis. At + last you are really convicted, you liar!—you impostor! The Divs + require no weapons, and such a dagger as this is not to be picked up + everywhere. Ah, ha! you are feeling in your girdle! You may well turn + pale; your dagger is gone!” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, it is gone. I must have lost it, and some enemy...” + </p> + <p> + “Seize him, Bischen, put on his fetters! Take him to prison—the + traitor, the perjurer! He shall be strangled to-morrow. Death is the + penalty of perjury. Your heads for theirs, you guards, if they escape. Not + one word more will I hear; away with you, you perjured villains! Boges, go + at once to the hanging-gardens and bring the Egyptian to me. Yet no, I + won’t see that serpent again. It is very near dawn now, and at noon she + shall be flogged through the streets. Then I’ll...” + </p> + <p> + But here he was stopped by another fit of epilepsy, and sank down on to + the marble floor in convulsions. At this fearful moment Kassandane was led + into the hall by the old general Megabyzus. The news of what had happened + had found its way to her solitary apartments, and, notwithstanding the + hour, she had risen in order to try and discover the truth and warn her + son against pronouncing a too hasty decision. She believed firmly that + Bartja and Nitetis were innocent, though she could not explain to herself + what had happened. Several times she had tried to put herself in + communication with Nitetis, but without avail. At last she had been + herself to the hanging-gardens, but the guards had actually had the + hardihood to refuse her admission. + </p> + <p> + Croesus went at once to meet her, told her what had happened, suppressing + as many painful details as possible, confirmed her in her belief of the + innocence of the accused, and then took her to the bedside of the king. + </p> + <p> + The convulsions had not lasted long this time. He lay on his golden bed + under purple silk coverlets, pale and exhausted. His blind mother seated + herself at his side, Croesus and Oropastes took their station at the foot + of the bell, and in another part of the room, four physicians discussed + the patient’s condition in low whispers. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [It was natural, that medicine should be carefully studied among a + people who set such a high value upon life as did the Persians. + Pliny indeed, (XXX. I.) maintains, that the whole of Zoroaster’s + religion was founded on the science of medicine, and it is true that + there are a great many medical directions to be found in the Avesta. + In the Vendidad, Farg. VII. there is a detailed list of medical + fees. “The physician shall treat a priest for a pious blessing or + spell, the master of a house for a small draught animal, etc., the + lord of a district for a team of four oxen. If the physician cures + the mistress of the house, a female ass shall be his fee, etc., + etc.” We read in the same Fargard, that the physician had to pass a + kind of examination. If he had operated thrice successfully on bad + men, on whose bodies he had been permitted to try his skill, he was + pronounced “capable for ever.” If, on the other hand, three evil + Daevayacna (worshippers of the Divs) died under his hands, he was + pronounced “incapable of healing for evermore.”] +</pre> + <p> + Kassandane was very gentle with her son; she begged him not to yield to + passionate anger, and to remember what a sad effect every such outburst + had on his health. + </p> + <p> + “Yes, mother, you are right,” answered the king, smiling bitterly; “I see + that I must get rid of everything that rouses my anger. The Egyptian must + die, and my perfidious brother shall follow his mistress.” + </p> + <p> + Kassandane used all her eloquence to convince him of the innocence of the + accused, and to pacify his anger, but neither prayers, tears, nor her + motherly exhortations, could in the least alter his resolution to rid + himself of these murderers of his happiness and peace. + </p> + <p> + At last he interrupted her lamentations by saying: “I feel fearfully + exhausted; I cannot bear these sobs and lamentations any longer. Nitetis + has been proved guilty. A man was seen to leave her sleeping-apartment in + the night, and that man was not a thief, but the handsomest man in Persia, + and one to whom she had dared to send a letter yesterday evening.” + </p> + <p> + “Do you know the contents of that letter?” asked Croesus, coming up to the + bed. + </p> + <p> + “No; it was written in Greek. The faithless creature made use of + characters, which no one at this court can read.” + </p> + <p> + “Will you permit me to translate the letter?” Cambyses pointed to a small + ivory box in which the ominous piece of writing lay, saying: “There it is; + read it; but do not hide or alter a single word, for to-morrow I shall + have it read over again by one of the merchants from Sinope.” + </p> + <p> + Croesus’ hopes revived; he seemed to breathe again as he took the paper. + But when he had read it over, his eyes filled with tears and he murmured: + “The fable of Pandora is only too true; I dare not be angry any longer + with those poets who have written severely against women. Alas, they are + all false and faithless! O Kassandane, how the Gods deceive us! they grant + us the gift of old age, only to strip us bare like trees in winter, and + show us that all our fancied gold was dross and all our pleasant and + refreshing drinks poison!” + </p> + <p> + Kassandane wept aloud and tore her costly robes; but Cambyses clenched his + fist while Croesus was reading the following words: + </p> + <p> + “Nitetis, daughter of Amasis of Egypt, to Bartja, son of the great Cyrus: + </p> + <p> + “I have something important to tell you; I can tell it to no one but + yourself. To-morrow I hope I shall meet you in your mother’s apartments. + It lies in your power to comfort a sad and loving heart, and to give it + one happy moment before death. I have a great deal to tell you, and some + very sad news; I repeat that I must see you soon.” + </p> + <p> + The desperate laughter, which burst from her son cut his mother to the + heart. She stooped down and was going to kiss him, but Cambyses resisted + her caresses, saying: “It is rather a doubtful honor, mother, to be one of + your favorites. Bartja did not wait to be sent for twice by that + treacherous woman, and has disgraced himself by swearing falsely. His + friends, the flower of our young men, have covered themselves with + indelible infamy for his sake; and through him, your best beloved + daughter... but no! Bartja had no share in the corruption of that fiend in + Peri’s form. Her life was made up of hypocrisy and deceit, and her death + shall prove that I know how to punish. Now leave me, for I must be alone.” + </p> + <p> + They had scarcely left the room, when he sprang up and paced backwards and + forwards like a madman, till the first crow of the sacred bird Parodar. + When the sun had risen, he threw himself on his bed again, and fell into a + sleep that was like a swoon. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile Bartja had written Sappho a farewell letter, and was sitting + over the wine with his fellow-prisoners and their elder friend Araspes. + “Let us be merry,” said Zopyrus, “for I believe it will soon be up with + all our merriment. I would lay my life, that we are all of us dead by + to-morrow. Pity that men haven’t got more than one neck; if we’d two, I + would not mind wagering a gold piece or two on the chance of our remaining + alive.” + </p> + <p> + “Zopyrus is quite right,” said Araspes; “we will make merry and keep our + eyes open; who knows how soon they may be closed for ever?” + </p> + <p> + “No one need be sad who goes to his death as innocently as we do,” said + Gyges. “Here, cup-bearer, fill my goblet!” + </p> + <p> + “Ah! Bartja and Darius!” cried Zopyrus, seeing the two speaking in a low + voice together, “there you are at your secrets again. Come to us and pass + the wine-cup. By Mithras, I can truly say I never wished for death, but + now I quite look forward to the black Azis, because he is going to take us + all together. Zopyrus would rather die with his friends, than live without + them.” + </p> + <p> + “But the great point is to try and explain what has really happened,” said + Darius. + </p> + <p> + “It’s all the same to me,” said Zopyrus, “whether I die with or without an + explanation, so long as I know I am innocent and have not deserved the + punishment of perjury. Try and get us some golden goblets, Bischen; the + wine has no flavor out of these miserable brass mugs. Cambyses surely + would not wish us to suffer from poverty in our last hours, though he does + forbid our fathers and friends to visit us.” + </p> + <p> + “It’s not the metal that the cup is made of,” said Bartja, “but the + wormwood of death, that gives the wine its bitter taste.” + </p> + <p> + “No, really, you’re quite out there,” exclaimed Zopyrus. “Why I had nearly + forgotten that strangling generally causes death.” As he said this, he + touched Gyges and whispered: “Be as cheerful as you can! don’t you see + that it’s very hard for Bartja to take leave of this world? What were you + saying, Darius?” + </p> + <p> + “That I thought Oropastes’ idea the only admissible one, that a Div had + taken the likeness of Bartja and visited the Egyptian in order to ruin + us.” + </p> + <p> + “Folly! I don’t believe in such things.” + </p> + <p> + “But don’t you remember the legend of the Div, who took the beautiful form + of a minstrel and appeared before king Kawus?” + </p> + <p> + “Of course,” cried Araspes. “Cyrus had this legend so often recited at the + banquets, that I know it by heart. + </p> + <p> + “Kai Kawus hearkened to the words of the disguised Div and went to + Masenderan, and was beaten there by the Divs and deprived of his + eyesight.” + </p> + <p> + “But,” broke in Darius, “Rustem, the great hero, came and conquered + Erscheng and the other bad spirits, freed the captives and restored sight + to the blind, by dropping the blood of the slaughtered Divs into their + eyes. And so it will be with us, my friends! We shall be set free, and the + eyes of Cambyses and of our blind and infatuated fathers will be opened to + see our innocence. Listen, Bischen; if we really should be executed, go to + the Magi, the Chaldwans, and Nebenchari the Egyptian, and tell them they + had better not study the stars any longer, for that those very stars had + proved themselves liars and deceivers to Darius.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” interrupted Araspes, “I always said that dreams were the only real + prophecies. Before Abradatas fell in the battle of Sardis, the peerless + Panthea dreamt that she saw him pierced by a Lydian arrow.” + </p> + <p> + “You cruel fellow!” exclaimed Zopyrus. “Why do you remind us, that it is + much more glorious to die in battle than to have our necks wrung off?” + </p> + <p> + “Quite right,” answered the elder man; “I confess that I have seen many a + death, which I should prefer to our own,—indeed to life itself. Ah, + boys, there was a time when things went better than they do now.” + </p> + <p> + “Tell us something about those times.” + </p> + <p> + “And tell us why you never married. It won’t matter to you in the next + world, if we do let out your secret.” + </p> + <p> + “There’s no secret; any of your own fathers could tell you what you want + to hear from me. Listen then. When I was young, I used to amuse myself + with women, but I laughed at the idea of love. It occurred, however, that + Panthea, the most beautiful of all women, fell into our hands, and Cyrus + gave her into my charge, because I had always boasted that my heart was + invulnerable. I saw her everyday, and learnt, my friends, that love is + stronger than a man’s will. However, she refused all my offers, induced + Cyrus to remove me from my office near her, and to accept her husband + Abradatas as an ally. When her handsome husband went out to the war, this + high-minded, faithful woman decked him out with all her own jewels and + told him that the noble conduct of Cyrus, in treating her like a sister, + when she was his captive, could only be repaid by the most devoted + friendship and heroic courage. Abradatas agreed with her, fought for Cyrus + like a lion, and fell. Panthea killed herself by his dead body. Her + servants, on hearing of this, put an end to their own lives too at the + grave of this best of mistresses. Cyrus shed tears over this noble pair, + and had a stone set up to their memory, which you can see near Sardis. On + it are the simple words: ‘To Panthea, Abradatas, and the most faithful of + servants.’ You see, children, the man who had loved such a woman could + never care for another.” + </p> + <p> + The young men listened in silence, and remained some time after Araspes + had finished, without uttering a word. At last Bartja raised his hands to + heaven and cried: “O thou great Auramazda! why dost thou not grant us a + glorious end like Abradatas? Why must we die a shameful death like + murderers?” + </p> + <p> + As he said this Croesus came in, fettered and led by whip-bearers. The + friends rushed to him with a storm of questions, and Bartja too went up to + embrace the man who had been so long his tutor and guide. But the old + man’s cheerful face was severe and serious, and his eyes, generally so + mild, had a gloomy, almost threatening, expression. He waved the prince + coldly back, saying, in a voice which trembled with pain and reproach: + “Let my hand go, you infatuated boy! you are not worth all the love I have + hitherto felt for you. You have deceived your brother in a fourfold + manner, duped your friends, betrayed that poor child who is waiting for + you in Naukratis, and poisoned the heart of Amasis’ unhappy daughter.” + </p> + <p> + Bartja listened calmly till he heard the word “deceived”; then his hand + clenched, and stamping his foot, he cried: “But for your age and + infirmities, and the gratitude I owe you, old man, these slanderous words + would be your last.” + </p> + <p> + Croesus beard this outbreak of just indignation unmoved, and answered: + “This foolish rage proves that you and Cambyses have the same blood in + your veins. It would become you much better to repent of your crimes, and + beg your old friend’s forgiveness, instead of adding ingratitude to the + unheard-of baseness of your other deeds.” + </p> + <p> + At these words Bartja’s anger gave way. His clenched hands sank down + powerless at his side, and his cheeks became pale as death. + </p> + <p> + These signs of sorrow softened the old man’s indignation. His love was + strong enough to embrace the guilty as well as the innocent Bartja, and + taking the young man’s right hand in both his own, he looked at him as a + father would who finds his son, wounded on the battle-field, and said: + “Tell me, my poor, infatuated boy, how was it that your pure heart fell + away so quickly to the evil powers?” + </p> + <p> + Bartja shuddered. The blood came back to his face, but these words cut him + to the heart. For the first time in his life his belief in the justice of + the gods forsook him. + </p> + <p> + He called himself the victim of a cruel, inexorable fate, and felt like a + bunted animal driven to its last gasp and hearing the dogs and sportsmen + fast coming nearer. He had a sensitive, childlike nature, which did not + yet know how to meet the hard strokes of fate. His body and his physical + courage had been hardened against bodily and physical enemies; but his + teachers had never told him how to meet a hard lot in life; for Cambyses + and Bartja seemed destined only to drink out of the cup of happiness and + joy. + </p> + <p> + Zopyrus could not bear to see his friend in tears. He reproached the old + man angrily with being unjust and severe. Gyges’ looks were full of + entreaty, and Araspes stationed himself between the old man and the youth, + as if to ward off the blame of the elder from cutting deeper into the sad + and grieved heart of the younger man. Darius, however, after having + watched them for some time, came up with quiet deliberation to Croesus, + and said: “You continue to distress and offend one another, and yet the + accused does not seem to know with what offence he is charged, nor will + the accuser hearken to his defence. Tell us, Croesus, by the friendship + which has subsisted between us up to this clay, what has induced you to + judge Bartja so harshly, when only a short time ago you believed in his + innocence?” + </p> + <p> + The old man told at once what Darius desired to know—that he had + seen a letter, written in Nitetis’ own hand, in which she made a direct + confession of her love to Bartja and asked him to meet her alone. The + testimony of his own eyes and of the first men in the realm, nay, even the + dagger found under Nitetis’ windows, had not been able to convince him + that his favorite was guilty; but this letter had gone like a burning + flash into his heart and destroyed the last remnant of his belief in the + virtue and purity of woman. + </p> + <p> + “I left the king,” he concluded, “perfectly convinced that a sinful + intimacy must subsist between your friend and the Egyptian Princess, whose + heart I had believed to be a mirror for goodness and beauty alone. Can you + find fault with me for blaming him who so shamefully stained this clear + mirror, and with it his own not less spotless soul?” + </p> + <p> + “But how can I prove my innocence?” cried Bartja, wringing his hands. “If + you loved me you would believe me; if you really cared for me.... ” + </p> + <p> + “My boy! in trying to save your life only a few minutes ago, I forfeited + my own. When I heard that Cambyses had really resolved on your death, I + hastened to him with a storm of entreaties; but these were of no avail, + and then I was presumptuous enough to reproach him bitterly in his + irritated state of mind. The weak thread of his patience broke, and in a + fearful passion he commanded the guards to behead me at once. I was seized + directly by Giv, one of the whip-bearers; but as the man is under + obligations to me, he granted me my life until this morning, and promised + to conceal the postponement of the execution. I am glad, my sons, that I + shall not outlive you, and shall die an innocent man by the side of the + guilty.” + </p> + <p> + These last words roused another storm of contradiction. + </p> + <p> + Again Darius remained calm and quiet in the midst of the tumult. He + repeated once more the story of the whole evening exactly, to prove that + it was impossible Bartja could have committed the crime laid to his + charge. He then called on the accused himself to answer the charge of + disloyalty and perfidy. Bartja rejected the idea of an understanding with + Nitetis in such short, decided, and convincing words, and confirmed his + assertion with such a fearful oath, that Croesus’ persuasion of his guilt + first wavered, then vanished, and when Bartja had ended, he drew a deep + breath, like a man delivered from a heavy burden, and clasped him in his + arms. + </p> + <p> + But with all their efforts they could come to no explanation of what had + really happened. In one thing, however, they were all agreed: that Nitetis + loved Bartja and had written the letter with a wrong intention. + </p> + <p> + “No one who saw her,” cried Darius, “when Cambyses announced that Bartja + had chosen a wife, could doubt for a moment that she was in love with him. + When she let the goblet fall, I heard Phaedime’s father say that the + Egyptian women seemed to take a great interest in the affairs of their + brothers-in-law.” + </p> + <p> + While they were talking, the sun rose and shone pleasantly into the + prisoners’ room. + </p> + <p> + “Bartja,” murmured Mithras, “means to make our parting difficult.” + </p> + <p> + “No,” answered Croesus, “he only means to light us kindly on our way into + eternity.” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0020" id="link2HCH0020"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER IV. + </h2> + <p> + The innocent originator of all this complicated misery had passed many a + wretched hour since the birthday banquet. Since those harsh words with + which Cambyses had sent her from the hall, not the smallest fragment of + news had reached her concerning either her angry lover, or his mother and + sister. Not a day had passed since her arrival in Babylon, that had not + been spent with Kassandane and Atossa; but now, on her desiring to be + carried to them, that she might explain her strange conduct, her new + guard, Kandaules, forbade her abruptly to leave the house. She had thought + that a free and full account of the contents of her letter from home, + would clear up all these misunderstandings. She fancied she saw Cambyses + holding out his hand as if to ask forgiveness for his hastiness and + foolish jealousy. And then a joyful feeling stole into her mind as she + remembered a sentence she had once heard Ibykus say: “As fever attacks a + strong man more violently than one of weaker constitution; so a heart that + loves strongly and deeply can be far more awfully tormented by jealousy, + than one which has been only superficially seized by passion.” + </p> + <p> + If this great connoisseur in love were right, Cambyses must love her + passionately, or his jealousy could not have caught fire so quickly and + fearfully. Sad thoughts about her home, however, and dark forebodings of + the future would mix with this confidence in Cambyses’ love, and she could + not shut them out. Mid-day came, the sun stood high and burning in the + sky, but no news came from those she loved so well; and a feverish + restlessness seized her which increased as night came on. In the twilight + Boges came to her, and told her, with bitter scorn, that her letter to + Bartja had come into the king’s hands, and that the gardener’s boy who + brought it had been executed. The tortured nerves of the princess could + not resist this fresh blow, and before Boges left, he carried the poor + girl senseless into her sleeping-room, the door of which he barred + carefully. + </p> + <p> + A few minutes later, two men, one old, the other young, came up through + the trap-door which Boges had examined so carefully two days before. The + old man remained outside, crouching against the palace, wall; a hand was + seen to beckon from the window: the youth obeyed the signal, swung himself + over the ledge and into the room at a bound. Then words of love were + exchanged, the names Gaumata and Mandane whispered softly, kisses and vows + given and received. At last the old man clapped his hands. The youth + obeyed, kissed and embraced Nitetis’ waiting-maid once more, jumped out of + the window into the garden, hurried past the admirers of the blue lily who + were just coming up, slipped with his companion into the trap-door which + had been kept open, closed it carefully, and vanished. + </p> + <p> + Mandane hurried to the room in which her mistress generally spent the + evening. She was well acquainted with her habits and knew that every + evening, when the stars had risen, Nitetis was accustomed to go to the + window looking towards the Euphrates, and spend hours gazing into the + river and over the plain; and that at that time she never needed her + attendance. So she felt quite safe from fear of discovery in this quarter, + and knowing she was under the protection of the chief of the eunuchs + himself, could wait for her lover calmly. + </p> + <p> + But scarcely had she discovered that her mistress had fainted, when she + heard the garden filling with people, a confused sound of men’s and + eunuchs’ voices, and the notes of the trumpet used to summon the sentries. + At first she was frightened and fancied her lover had been discovered, but + Boges appearing and whispering: “He has escaped safely,” she at once + ordered the other attendants, whom she had banished to the women’s + apartments during her rendezvous, and who now came flocking back, to carry + their mistress into her sleeping-room, and then began using all the + remedies she knew of, to restore her to consciousness. Nitetis had + scarcely opened her eyes when Boges came in, followed by two eunuchs, whom + he ordered to load her delicate arms with fetters. + </p> + <p> + Nitetis submitted; she could not utter one word, not even when Boges + called out as he was leaving the room: “Make yourself happy in your cage, + my little imprisoned bird. They’ve just been telling your lord that a + royal marten has been making merry in your dove-cote. Farewell, and think + of the poor tormented Boges in this tremendous heat, when you feel the + cool damp earth. Yes, my little bird, death teaches us to know our real + friends, and so I won’t have you buried in a coarse linen sack, but in a + soft silk shawl. Farewell, my darling!” + </p> + <p> + The poor, heavily-afflicted girl trembled at these words, and when the + eunuch was gone, begged Mandane to tell her what it all meant. The girl, + instructed by Boges, said that Bartja had stolen secretly into the + hanging-gardens, and had been seen by several of the Achaemenidae as he + was on the point of getting in at one of the windows. The king had been + told of his brother’s treachery, and people were afraid his jealousy might + have fearful consequences. The frivolous girl shed abundant tears of + penitence while she was telling the story, and Nitetis, fancying this a + proof of sincere love and sympathy, felt cheered. + </p> + <p> + When it was over, however, she looked down at her fetters in despair, and + it was long before she could think of her dreadful position quietly. Then + she read her letter from home again, wrote the words, “I am innocent,” and + told the sobbing girl to give the little note containing them to the + king’s mother after her own death, together with her letter from home. + After doing this she passed a wakeful night which seemed as if it would + never end. She remembered that in her box of ointments there was a + specific for improving the complexion, which, if swallowed in a + sufficiently large quantity, would cause death. She had this poison + brought to her, and resolved calmly and deliberately, to take her own life + directly the executioner should draw near. From that moment she took + pleasure in thinking of her last hour, and said to herself: “It is true he + causes my death; but he does it out of love.” Then she thought she would + write to him, and confess all her love. He should not receive the letter + until she was dead, that he might not think she had written it to save her + life. The hope that this strong, inflexible man might perhaps shed tears + over her last words of love filled her with intense pleasure. + </p> + <p> + In spite of her heavy fetters, she managed to write the following words: + “Cambyses will not receive this letter until I am dead. It is to tell him + that I love him more than the gods, the world, yes, more than my own young + life. Kassandane and Atossa must think of me kindly. They will see from my + mother’s letter that I am innocent, and that it was only for my poor + sister’s sake that I asked to see Bartja. Boges has told me that my death + has been resolved upon. When the executioner approaches, I shall kill + myself. I commit this crime against myself, Cambyses, to save you from + doing a disgraceful deed.” + </p> + <p> + This note and her mother’s she gave to the weeping Mandane, and begged her + to give both to Cambyses when she was gone. She then fell on her knees and + prayed to the gods of her fathers to forgive her for her apostasy from + them. + </p> + <p> + Mandane begged her to remember her weakness and take some rest, but she + answered: “I do not need any sleep, because, you know, I have such little + waking-time still left me.” + </p> + <p> + As she went on praying and singing her old Egyptian hymns, her heart + returned more and more to the gods of her fathers, whom she had denied + after such a short struggle. In almost all the prayers with which she was + acquainted, there was a reference to the life after death. In the nether + world, the kingdom of Osiris, where the forty-two judges of the dead + pronounce sentence on the worth of the soul after it has been weighed by + the goddess of truth and Thoth, who holds the office of writer in heaven, + she could hope to meet her dear ones again, but only in case her + unjustified soul were not obliged to enter on the career of transmigration + through the bodies of different animals, and her body, to whom the soul + had been entrusted, remained in a state of preservation. This, “if” filled + her with a feverish restlessness. The doctrine that the well-being of the + soul depended on the preservation of the earthly part of every human being + left behind at death, had been impressed on her from childhood. She + believed in this error, which had built pyramids and excavated rocks, and + trembled at the thought that, according to the Persian custom, her body + would be thrown to the dogs and birds of prey, and so given up to the + powers of destruction, that her soul must be deprived of every hope of + eternal life. Then the thought came to her, should she prove unfaithful to + the gods of her fathers again, and once more fall down before these new + spirits of light, who gave the dead body over to the elements and only + judged the soul? And so she raised her hands to the great and glorious + sun, who with his golden sword-like rays was just dispersing the mists + that hung over the Euphrates, and opened her lips to sing her newly-learnt + hymns in praise of Mithras; but her voice failed her, instead of Mithras + she could only see her own great Ra, the god she had so often worshipped + in Egypt, and instead of a Magian hymn could only sing the one with which + the Egyptian priests are accustomed to greet the rising sun. + </p> + <p> + This hymn brought comfort with it, and as she gazed on the young light, + the rays of which were not yet strong enough to dazzle her, she thought of + her childhood, and the tears gathered in her eyes. Then she looked down + over the broad plain. There was the Euphrates with his yellow waves + looking so like the Nile; the many villages, just as in her own home, + peeping out from among luxuriant cornfields and plantations of fig-trees. + To the west lay the royal hunting-park; she could see its tall cypresses + and nut-trees miles away in the distance. The dew was glistening on every + little leaf and blade of grass, and the birds sang deliciously in the + shrubberies round her dwelling. Now and then a gentle breath of wind + arose, carrying the sweet scent of the roses across to her, and playing in + the tops of the slender, graceful palms which grew in numbers on the banks + of the river and in the fields around. + </p> + <p> + She had so often admired these beautiful trees, and compared them to + dancing-girls, as she watched the wind seizing their heavy tops and + swaying the slender stems backwards and forwards. And she had often said + to herself that here must be the home of the Phoenix, that wonderful bird + from the land of palms, who, the priests said, came once in every five + hundred years to the temple of Ra in Heliopolis and burnt himself in the + sacred incense-flames, only to rise again from his own ashes more + beautiful than before, and, after three days, to fly back again to his + home in the East. While she was thinking of this bird, and wishing that + she too might rise again from the ashes of her unhappiness to a new and + still more glorious joy, a large bird with brilliant plumage rose out of + the dark cypresses, which concealed the palace of the man she loved and + who had made her so miserable, and flew towards her. It rose higher and + higher, and at last settled on a palmtree close to her window. She had + never seen such a bird before, and thought it could not possibly be a + usual one, for a little gold chain was fastened to its foot, and its tail + seemed made of sunbeams instead of feathers. It must be Benno, the bird of + Ra! She fell on her knees again and sang with deep reverence the ancient + hymn to the Phoenix, never once turning her eyes from the brilliant bird. + </p> + <p> + The bird listened to her singing, bending his little head with its waving + plumes, wisely and inquisitively from side to side, and flew away directly + she ceased. Nitetis looked after him with a smile. It was really only a + bird of paradise that had broken the chain by which he had been fastened + to a tree in the park, but to her he was the Phoenix. A strange certainty + of deliverance filled her heart; she thought the god Ra had sent the bird + to her, and that as a happy spirit she should take that form. So long as + we are able to hope and wish, we can bear a great deal of sorrow; if the + wished-for happiness does not come, anticipation is at least prolonged and + has its own peculiar sweetness. This feeling is of itself enough, and + contains a kind of enjoyment which can take the place of reality. Though + she was so weary, yet she lay down on her couch with fresh hopes, and fell + into a dreamless sleep almost against her will, without having touched the + poison. + </p> + <p> + The rising sun generally gives comfort to sad hearts who have passed the + night in weeping, but to a guilty conscience, which longs for darkness, + his pure light is an unwelcome guest. While Nitetis slept, Mandane lay + awake, tormented by fearful remorse. How gladly she would have held back + the sun which was bringing on the day of death to this kindest of + mistresses, and have spent the rest of her own life in perpetual night, if + only her yesterday’s deed could but have been undone! + </p> + <p> + The good-natured, thoughtless girl called herself a wretched murderess + unceasingly, resolved again and again to confess the whole truth and so to + save Nitetis; but love of life and fear of death gained the victory over + her weak heart every time. To confess was certain death, and she felt as + if she had been made for life; she had so many hopes for the future, and + the grave seemed so dreadful. She thought she could perhaps have confessed + the whole truth, if perpetual imprisonment had been all she had to fear; + but death! no, she could not resolve on that. And besides, would her + confession really save the already condemned Nitetis? + </p> + <p> + Had she not sent a message to Bartja herself by that unfortunate + gardener’s boy? This secret correspondence had been discovered, and that + was enough of itself to ruin Nitetis, even if she, Mandane, had done + nothing in the matter. We are never so clever as when we have to find + excuses for our own sins. + </p> + <p> + At sunrise, Mandane was kneeling by her mistress’s couch, weeping bitterly + and wondering that Nitetis could sleep so calmly. + </p> + <p> + Boges, the eunuch, had passed a sleepless night too, but a very happy one. + His hated colleague, Kandaules, whom he had used as a substitute for + himself, had been already executed, by the king’s command, for negligence, + and on the supposition that he had accepted a bribe; Nitetis was not only + ruined, but certain to die a shameful death. The influence of the king’s + mother had suffered a severe shock; and lastly, he had the pleasure of + knowing, not only that he had outwitted every one and succeeded in all his + plans, but that through his favorite Phaedime he might hope once more to + become the all-powerful favorite of former days. That sentence of death + had been pronounced on Croesus and the young heroes, was by no means an + unwelcome thought either, as they might have been instrumental in bringing + his intrigues to light. + </p> + <p> + In the grey of the morning he left the king’s apartment and went to + Phaedime. The proud Persian had taken no rest. She was waiting for him + with feverish anxiety, as a rumor of all that had happened had already + reached the harem and penetrated to her apartments. She was lying on a + purple couch in her dressing-room; a thin silken chemise and yellow + slippers thickly sown with turquoises and pearls composed her entire + dress. Twenty attendants were standing round her, but the moment she heard + Boges she sent her slaves away, sprang up to meet him, and overwhelmed him + with a stream of incoherent questions, all referring to her enemy Nitetis. + </p> + <p> + “Gently, gently, my little bird,” said Boges, laying his hand on her + shoulder. “If you can’t make up your mind to be as quiet as a little mouse + while I tell my story, and not to ask one question, you won’t hear a + syllable of it to-day. Yes, indeed, my golden queen, I’ve so much to tell + that I shall not have finished till to-morrow, if you are to interrupt me + as often as you like. Ah, my little lamb, and I’ve still so much to do + to-day. First I must be present at an Egyptian donkey-ride; secondly, I + must witness an Egyptian execution... but I see I am anticipating my + story; I must begin at the beginning. I’ll allow you to cry, laugh and + scream for joy as much as you will, but you’re forbidden to ask a single + question until I have finished. I think really I have deserved these + caresses. There, now I am quite at my ease, and can begin. Once upon a + time there was a great king in Persia, who had many wives, but he loved + Phaedime better than the rest, and set her above all the others. One day + the thought struck him that he would ask for the hand of the King of + Egypt’s daughter in marriage, and he sent a great embassy to Sais, with + his own brother to do the wooing for him—” + </p> + <p> + “What nonsense!” cried Phaedime impatiently; “I want to know what has + happened now.” + </p> + <p> + “Patience, patience, my impetuous March wind. If you interrupt me again, I + shall go away and tell my story to the trees. You really need not grudge + me the pleasure of living my successes over again. While I tell this + story, I feel as happy as a sculptor when he puts down his hammer and + gazes at his finished work.” + </p> + <p> + “No, no!” said Phaedime, interrupting him again. “I cannot listen now to + what I know quite well already. I am dying of impatience, and every fresh + report that the eunuchs and slave-girls bring makes it worse. I am in a + perfect fever—I cannot wait. Ask whatever else you like, only + deliver me from this awful suspense. Afterwards I will listen to you for + days, if you wish.” + </p> + <p> + Boges’ smile at these words was one of great satisfaction; he rubbed his + hands and answered: “When I was a child I had no greater pleasure than to + watch a fish writhing on the hook; now I have got you, my splendid golden + carp, at the end of my line, and I can’t let you go until I have sated + myself on your impatience.” + </p> + <p> + Phaedime sprang up from the couch which she had shared with Boges, + stamping her foot and behaving like a naughty child. This seemed to amuse + the eunuch immensely; he rubbed his hands again and again, laughed till + the tears ran down over his fat cheeks, emptied many a goblet of wine to + the health of the tortured beauty, and then went on with his tale: “It had + not escaped me that Cambyses sent his brother (who had brought Nitetis + from Egypt), out to the war with the Tapuri purely from jealousy. That + proud woman, who was to take no orders from me, seemed to care as little + for the handsome, fair-haired boy as a Jew for pork, or an Egyptian for + white beans. But still I resolved to nourish the king’s jealousy, and use + it as a means of rendering this impudent creature harmless, as she seemed + likely to succeed in supplanting us both in his favor. It was long, + however, before I could hit on a feasible plan. + </p> + <p> + “At last the new-year’s festival arrived and all the priests in the + kingdom assembled at Babylon. For eight days the city was full of + rejoicing, feasting and merry-making. At court it was just the same, and + so I had very little time to think of my plans. But just then, when I had + hardly any hope of succeeding, the gracious Amescha cpenta sent a youth + across my path, who seemed created by Angramainjus himself to suit my + plan. Gaumata, the brother of Oropastes, came to Babylon to be present at + the great new-year’s sacrifice. I saw him first in his brother’s house, + whither I had been sent on a message from the king, and his likeness to + Bartja was so wonderful, that I almost fancied I was looking at an + apparition. When I had finished my business with Oropastes the youth + accompanied me to my carriage. I showed no signs of astonishment at this + remarkable likeness, treated him however, with immense civility, and + begged him to pay me a visit. He came the very same evening. I sent for my + best wine, pressed him to drink, and experienced, not for the first time, + that the juice of the vine has one quality which outweighs all the rest: + it can turn even a silent man into a chatter-box. The youth confessed that + the great attraction which had brought him to Babylon was, not the + sacrifice, but a girl who held the office of upper attendant to the + Egyptian Princess. He said he had loved her since he was a child; but his + ambitious brother had higher views for him, and in order to get the lovely + Mandane out of his way, had procured her this situation. At last he begged + me to arrange an interview with her. I listened good-naturedly, made a few + difficulties, and at last asked him to come the next day and see how + matters were going on. He came, and I told him that it might be possible + to manage it, but only if he would promise to do what I told him without a + question. He agreed to everything, returned to Rhagae at my wish, and did + not come to Babylon again until yesterday, when he arrived secretly at my + house, where I concealed him. Meanwhile Bartja had returned from the war. + The great point now was to excite the king’s jealousy again, and ruin the + Egyptian at one blow. I roused the indignation of your relations through + your public humiliation, and so prepared the way for my plan. Events were + wonderfully in my favor. You know how Nitetis behaved at the birthday + banquet, but you do not know that that very evening she sent a gardener’s + boy to the palace with a note for Bartja. The silly fellow managed to get + caught and was executed that very night, by command of the king, who was + almost mad with rage; and I took care that Nitetis should be as entirely + cut off from all communication with her friends, as if she lived in the + nest of the Simurg. You know the rest.” + </p> + <p> + “But how did Gaumata escape?” + </p> + <p> + “Through a trap-door, of which nobody knows but myself, and which stood + wide open waiting for him. Everything turned out marvellously; I even + succeeded in getting hold of a dagger which Bartja had lost while hunting, + and in laying it under Nitetis’ window. In order to get rid of the prince + during these occurrences, and prevent him from meeting the king or any one + else who might be important as a witness, I asked the Greek merchant + Kolxus, who was then at Babylon with a cargo of Milesian cloth, and who is + always willing to do me a favor, because I buy all the woollen stuffs + required for the harem of him, to write a Greek letter, begging Bartja, in + the name of her he loved best, to come alone to the first station outside + the Euphrates gate at the rising of the Tistar-star. But I had a + misfortune with this letter, for the messenger managed the matter + clumsily. He declares that he delivered the letter to Bartja; but there + can be no doubt that he gave it to some one else, probably to Gaumata, and + I was not a little dismayed to hear that Bartja was sitting over the wine + with his friends on that very evening. Still what had been done could not + be undone, and I knew that the witness of men like your father, + Hystaslies, Croesus and Intaphernes, would far outweigh anything that + Darius, Gyges and Araspes could say. The former would testify against + their friend, the latter for him. And so at last everything went as I + would have had it. The young gentlemen are sentenced to death and Croesus, + who as usual, presumed to speak impertinently to the king, will have lived + his last hour by this time. As to the Egyptian Princess, the secretary in + chief has just been commanded to draw up the following order. Now listen + and rejoice, my little dove! “‘Nitetis, the adulterous daughter of the + King of Egypt, shall be punished for her hideous crimes according to the + extreme rigor of the law, thus: She shall be set astride upon an ass and + led through the streets of Babylon; and all men shall see that Cambyses + knows how to punish a king’s daughter, as severely as his magistrates + would punish the meanest beggar. —To Boges, chief of the eunuchs, is + entrusted the execution of this order. + </p> + <p> + By command of King Cambyses. Ariabignes, chief of the Secretaries’ + </p> + <p> + “I had scarcely placed these lines in the sleeve of my robe, when the + king’s mother, with her garments rent, and led by Atossa, pressed hastily + into the hall. Weeping and lamentation followed; cries, reproaches, + curses, entreaties and prayers; but the king remained firm, and I verily + believe Kassandane and Atossa would have been sent after Croesus and + Bartja into the other world, if fear of Cyrus’s spirit had not prevented + the son, even in this furious rage, from laying hands on his father’s + widow. Kassandane, however, did not say one word for Nitetis. She seems as + fully convinced of her guilt as you and I can be. Neither have we anything + to fear from the enamored Gaumata. I have hired three men to give him a + cool bath in the Euphrates, before he gets back to Rhagae. Ah, ha! the + fishes and worms will have a jolly time!” + </p> + <p> + Phaedime joined in Boges’ laughter, bestowed on him all the flattering + names which she had caught from his own smooth tongue, and in token of her + gratitude, hung a heavy chain studded with jewels round his neck with her + own beautiful arms. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0021" id="link2HCH0021"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER V. + </h2> + <p> + Before the sun had reached his mid-day height, the news of what had + happened and of what was still to happen had filled all Babylon. The + streets swarmed with people, waiting impatiently to see the strange + spectacle which the punishment of one of the king’s wives, who had proved + false and faithless, promised to afford. The whip-bearers were forced to + use all their authority to keep this gaping crowd in order. Later on in + the day the news that Bartja and his friends were soon to be executed + arrived among the crowd; they were under the influence of the palm-wine, + which was liberally distributed on the king’s birthday and the following + days, and could not control their excited feelings; but these now took + quite another form. + </p> + <p> + Bands of drunken men paraded the streets, crying: “Bartja, the good son of + Cyrus, is to be executed!” The women heard these words in their quiet + apartments, eluded their keepers, forgot their veils, and rushing forth + into the streets, followed the excited and indignant men with cries and + yells. Their pleasure in the thought of seeing a more fortunate sister + humbled, vanished at the painful news that their beloved prince was + condemned to death. Men, women and children raged, stormed and cursed, + exciting one another to louder and louder bursts of indignation. The + workshops were emptied, the merchants closed their warehouses, and the + school-boys and servants, who had a week’s holiday on occasion of the + king’s birthday, used their freedom to scream louder than any one else, + and often to groan and yell without in the least knowing why. + </p> + <p> + At last the tumult was so great that the whip-bearers were insufficient to + cope with it, and a detachment of the body-guard was sent to patrol the + streets. At the sight of their shining armor and long lances, the crowd + retired into the side streets, only, however, to reassemble in fresh + numbers when the troops were out of sight. + </p> + <p> + At the gate, called the Bel gate, which led to the great western + high-road, the throng was thicker than at any other point, for it was said + that through this gate, the one by which she had entered Babylon, the + Egyptian Princess was to be led out of the city in shame and disgrace. For + this reason a larger number of whipbearers were stationed here, in order + to make way for travellers entering the city. Very few people indeed left + the city at all on this day, for curiosity was stronger than either + business or pleasure; those, on the other hand, who arrived from the + country, took up their stations near the gate on hearing what had drawn + the crowd thither. + </p> + <p> + It was nearly mid-day, and only wanted a few hours to the time fixed for + Nitetis’ disgrace, when a caravan approached the gate with great speed. + The first carriage was a so-called harmamaxa, drawn by four horses decked + out with bells and tassels; a two-wheeled cart followed, and last in the + train was a baggage-wagon drawn by mules. A fine, handsome man of about + fifty, dressed as a Persian courtier, and another, much older, in long + white robes, occupied the first carriage. The cart was filled by a number + of slaves in simple blouses, and broad-brimmed felt hats, wearing the hair + cut close to the head. An old man, dressed as a Persian servant, rode by + the side of the cart. The driver of the first carriage had great + difficulty in making way for his gaily-ornamented horses through the + crowd; he was obliged to come to a halt before the gate and call some + whip-bearers to his assistance. “Make way for us!” he cried to the captain + of the police who came up with some of his men; “the royal post has no + time to lose, and I am driving some one, who will make you repent every + minute’s delay.” + </p> + <p> + “Softly, my son,” answered the official. “Don’t you see that it’s easier + to-day to get out of Babylon, than to come in? Whom are you driving?” + </p> + <p> + “A nobleman, with a passport from the king. Come, be quick and make way + for us.” + </p> + <p> + “I don’t know about that; your caravan does not look much like royalty.” + </p> + <p> + “What have you to do with that? The pass.... ” + </p> + <p> + “I must see it, before I let you into the city.” These words were half + meant for the traveller, whom he was scrutinizing very suspiciously. + </p> + <p> + While the man in the Persian dress was feeling in his sleeve for the + passport, the whip-bearer turned to some comrades who had just come up, + and pointed out the scanty retinue of the travellers, saying: “Did you + ever see such a queer cavalcade? There’s something odd about these + strangers, as sure as my name’s Giv. Why, the lowest of the king’s + carpet-bearers travels with four times as many people, and yet this man + has a royal pass and is dressed like one of those who sit at the royal + table.” + </p> + <p> + At this moment the suspected traveller handed him a little silken roll + scented with musk, sealed with the royal seal, and containing the king’s + own handwriting. + </p> + <p> + The whip-bearer took it and examined the seal. “It is all in order,” he + murmured, and then began to study the characters. But no sooner had he + deciphered the first letters than he looked even more sharply than before + at the traveller, and seized the horses’ bridles, crying out: “Here, men, + form a guard round the carriage! this is an impostor.” + </p> + <p> + When he had convinced himself that escape was impossible, he went up to + the stranger again and said: “You are using a pass which does not belong + to you. Gyges, the son of Croesus, the man you give yourself out for, is + in prison and is to be executed to-day. You are not in the least like him, + and you will have reason to repent leaving tried to pass for him. Get out + of your carriage and follow me.” + </p> + <p> + The traveller, however, instead of obeying, began to speak in broken + Persian, and begged the officer rather to take a seat by him in the + carriage, for that he had very important news to communicate. The man + hesitated a moment; but on seeing a fresh band of whip-bearers come up, he + nodded to them to stand before the impatient, chafing horses, and got into + the carriage. + </p> + <p> + The stranger looked at him with a smile and said: “Now, do I look like an + impostor?” + </p> + <p> + “No; your language proves that you are not a Persian, but yet you look + like a nobleman.” + </p> + <p> + “I am a Greek, and have come hither to render Cambyses an important + service. Gyges is my friend, and lent me his passport when he was in + Egypt, in case I should ever come to Persia. I am prepared to vindicate my + conduct before the king, and have no reason for fear. On the contrary, the + news I bring gives me reason to expect much from his favor. Let me be + taken to Croesus, if this is your duty; he will be surety for me, and will + send back your men, of whom you seem to stand in great need to-day. + Distribute these gold pieces among them, and tell me without further delay + what my poor friend Gyges has done to deserve death, and what is the + reason of all this crowd and confusion.” + </p> + <p> + The stranger said this in bad Persian, but there lay so much dignity and + confidence in his tone, and his gifts were on such a large scale, that the + cringing and creeping servant of despotism felt sure he must be sitting + opposite to a prince, crossed his arms reverentially, and, excusing + himself from his many pressing affairs, began to relate rapidly. He had + been on duty in the great hall during the examination of the prisoners the + night before, and could therefore tell all that had happened with + tolerable accuracy. The Greek followed his tale eagerly, with many an + incredulous shake of his handsome head, however, when the daughter of + Amasis and the son of Cyrus were spoken of as having been disloyal and + false, that sentence of death had been pronounced, especially on Croesus, + distressed him visibly, but the sadness soon vanished from his + quickly-changing features, and gave place to thought; this in its turn was + quickly followed by a joyful look, which could only betoken that the + thinker had arrived at a satisfactory result. His dignified gravity + vanished in a moment; he laughed aloud, struck his forehead merrily, + seized the hand of the astonished captain, and said: + </p> + <p> + “Should you be glad, if Bartja could be saved?” + </p> + <p> + “More than I can say.” + </p> + <p> + “Very well, then I will vouch for it, that you shall receive at least two + talents, if you can procure me an interview with the king before the first + execution has taken place.” + </p> + <p> + “How can you ask such a thing of me, a poor captain?...” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, you must, you must!” + </p> + <p> + “I cannot.” + </p> + <p> + “I know well that it is very difficult, almost impossible, for a stranger + to obtain an audience of your king; but my errand brooks no delay, for I + can prove that Bartja and his friends are not guilty. Do you hear? I can + prove it. Do you think now, you can procure me admittance?” + </p> + <p> + “How is it possible?” + </p> + <p> + “Don’t ask, but act. Didn’t you say Darius was one of the condemned?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes.” + </p> + <p> + “I have heard, that his father is a man of very high rank.” + </p> + <p> + “He is the first in the kingdom, after the sons of Cyrus.” + </p> + <p> + “Then take me to him at once. He will welcome me when he hears I am able + to save his son.” + </p> + <p> + “Stranger, you are a wonderful being. You speak with so much confidence + that...” + </p> + <p> + “That you feel you may believe me. Make haste then, and call some of your + men to make way for us, and escort us to the palace.” + </p> + <p> + There is nothing, except a doubt, which runs more quickly from mind to + mind, than a hope that some cherished wish may be fulfilled, especially + when this hope has been suggested to us by some one we can trust. + </p> + <p> + The officer believed this strange traveller, jumped out of the carriage, + flourishing his scourge and calling to his men: “This nobleman has come on + purpose to prove Bartja’s innocence, and must be taken to the king at + once. Follow me, my friends, and make way for him!” + </p> + <p> + Just at that moment a troop of the guards appeared in sight. The captain + of the whip-bearers went up to their commander, and, seconded by the + shouts of the crowd, begged him to escort the stranger to the palace. + </p> + <p> + During this colloquy the traveller had mounted his servant’s horse, and + now followed in the wake of the Persians. + </p> + <p> + The good news flew like wind through the huge city. As the riders + proceeded, the crowd fell back more willingly, and loader and fuller grew + the shouts of joy until at last their march was like a triumphal + procession. + </p> + <p> + In a few minutes they drew up before the palace; but before the brazen + gates had opened to admit them, another train came slowly into sight. At + the head rode a grey-headed old man; his robes were brown, and rent, in + token of mourning, the mane and tail of his horse had been shorn off and + the creature colored blue.—It was Hystaspes, coming to entreat mercy + for his son. + </p> + <p> + The whip-bearer, delighted at this sight, threw himself down before the + old man with a cry of joy, and with crossed arms told him what confidence + the traveller had inspired him with. + </p> + <p> + Hystaspes beckoned to the stranger; he rode up, bowed gracefully and + courteously to the old man, without dismounting, and confirmed the words + of the whip bearer. Hystaspes seemed to feel fresh confidence too after + hearing the stranger, for he begged him to follow him into the palace and + to wait outside the door of the royal apartment, while he himself, + conducted by the head chamberlain, went in to the king. + </p> + <p> + When his old kinsman entered, Cambyses was lying on his purple couch, pale + as death. A cup-bearer was kneeling on the ground at his feet, trying to + collect the broken fragments of a costly Egyptian drinking-cup which the + king had thrown down impatiently because its contents had not pleased his + taste. At some distance stood a circle of court-officials, in whose faces + it was easy to read that they were afraid of their ruler’s wrath, and + preferred keeping as far from him as possible. The dazzling light and + oppressive heat of a Babylonian May day came in through the open windows, + and not a sound was to be heard in the great room, except the whining of a + large dog of the Epirote breed, which had just received a tremendous kick + from Cambyses for venturing to fawn on his master, and was the only being + that ventured to disturb the solemn stillness. Just before Hystaspes was + led in by the chamberlain, Cambyses had sprung up from his couch. This + idle repose had become unendurable, he felt suffocated with pain and + anger. The dog’s howl suggested a new idea to his poor tortured brain, + thirsting for forgetfulness. + </p> + <p> + “We will go out hunting!” he shouted to the poor startled courtiers. The + master of the hounds, the equerries, and huntsmen hastened to obey his + orders. He called after them, “I shall ride the unbroken horse Reksch; get + the falcons ready, let all the dogs out and order every one to come, who + can throw a spear. We’ll clear the preserves!” + </p> + <p> + He then threw himself down on his divan again, as if these words had quite + exhausted his powerful frame, and did not see that Hystaspes had entered, + for his sullen gaze was fixed on the motes playing in the sunbeams that + glanced through the window. + </p> + <p> + Hystaspes did not dare to address him; but he stationed himself in the + window so as to break the stream of motes and thus draw attention to + himself. + </p> + <p> + At first Cambyses looked angrily at him and his rent garments, and then + asked with a bitter smile; “What do you want?” + </p> + <p> + “Victory to the king! Your poor servant and uncle has come to entreat his + ruler’s mercy.” + </p> + <p> + “Then rise and go! You know that I have no mercy for perjurers and false + swearers. ‘Tis better to have a dead son than a dishonorable one.” + </p> + <p> + “But if Bartja should not be guilty, and Darius...” + </p> + <p> + “You dare to question the justice of my sentence?” + </p> + <p> + “That be far from me. Whatever the king does is good, and cannot be + gainsaid; but still...” + </p> + <p> + “Be silent! I will not hear the subject mentioned again. You are to be + pitied as a father; but have these last few hours brought me any joy? Old + man, I grieve for you, but I have as little power to rescind his + punishment as you to recall his crime.” + </p> + <p> + “But if Bartja really should not be guilty—if the gods...” + </p> + <p> + “Do you think the gods will come to the help of perjurers and deceivers?” + </p> + <p> + “No, my King; but a fresh witness has appeared.” + </p> + <p> + “A fresh witness? Verily, I would gladly give half my kingdom, to be + convinced of the innocence of men so nearly related to me.” + </p> + <p> + “Victory to my lord, the eye of the realm! A Greek is waiting outside, who + seems, to judge by his figure and bearing, one of the noblest of his + race.” + </p> + <p> + The king laughed bitterly: “A Greek! Ah, ha! perhaps some relation to + Bartja’s faithful fair one! What can this stranger know of my family + affairs? I know these beggarly Ionians well. They are impudent enough to + meddle in everything, and think they can cheat us with their sly tricks. + How much have you had to pay for this new witness, uncle? A Greek is as + ready with a lie as a Magian with his spells, and I know they’ll do + anything for gold. I’m really curious to see your witness. Call him in. + But if he wants to deceive me, he had better remember that where the head + of a son of Cyrus is about to fall, a Greek head has but very little + chance.” And the king’s eyes flashed with anger as he said these words. + Hystaspes, however, sent for the Greek. + </p> + <p> + Before he entered, the chamberlains fastened the usual cloth before his + mouth, and commanded him to cast himself on the ground before the king. + The Greek’s bearing, as he approached, under the king’s penetrating + glance, was calm and noble; he fell on his face, and, according to the + Persian custom, kissed the ground. + </p> + <p> + His agreeable and handsome appearance, and the calm and modest manner in + which he bore the king’s gaze, seemed to make a favorable impression on + the latter; he did not allow him to remain long on the earth, and asked + him in a by no means unfriendly tone: “Who are you?” + </p> + <p> + “I am a Greek nobleman. My name is Phanes, and Athens is my home. I have + served ten years as commander of the Greek mercenaries in Egypt, and not + ingloriously.” + </p> + <p> + “Are you the man, to whose clever generalship the Egyptians were indebted + for their victories in Cyprus?” + </p> + <p> + “I am.” + </p> + <p> + “What has brought you to Persia?” + </p> + <p> + “The glory of your name, Cambyses, and the wish to devote my arms and + experience to your service.” + </p> + <p> + “Nothing else? Be sincere, and remember that one single lie may cost your + life. We Persians have different ideas of truth from the Greeks.” + </p> + <p> + “Lying is hateful to me too, if only, because, as a distortion and + corruption of what is noblest, it seems unsightly in my eyes.” + </p> + <p> + “Then speak.” + </p> + <p> + “There was certainly a third reason for my coming hither, which I should + like to tell you later. It has reference to matters of the greatest + importance, which it will require a longer time to discuss; but to-day—” + </p> + <p> + “Just to-day I should like to hear something new. Accompany me to the + chase. You come exactly at the right time, for I never had more need of + diversion than now.” + </p> + <p> + “I will accompany you with pleasure, if...” + </p> + <p> + “No conditions to the king! Have you had much practice in hunting?” + </p> + <p> + “In the Libyan desert I have killed many a lion.” + </p> + <p> + “Then come, follow me.” + </p> + <p> + In the thought of the chase the king seemed to have thrown off all his + weakness and roused himself to action; he was just leaving the hall, when + Hystaspes once more threw himself at his feet, crying with up-raised + hands: “Is my son—is your brother, to die innocent? By the soul of + your father, who used to call me his truest friend, I conjure you to + listen to this noble stranger.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses stood still. The frown gathered on his brow again, his voice + sounded like a menace and his eyes flashed as he raised his hand and said + to the Greek: “Tell me what you know; but remember that in every untrue + word, you utter your own sentence of death.” + </p> + <p> + Phanes heard this threat with the greatest calmness, and answered, bowing + gracefully as he spoke: “From the sun and from my lord the king, nothing + can be hid. What power has a poor mortal to conceal the truth from one so + mighty? The noble Hystaspes has said, that I am able to prove your brother + innocent. I will only say, that I wish and hope I may succeed in + accomplishing anything so great and beautiful. The gods have at least + allowed me to discover a trace which seems calculated to throw light on + the events of yesterday; but you yourself must decide whether my hopes + have been presumptuous and my suspicions too easily aroused. Remember, + however, that throughout, my wish to serve you has been sincere, and that + if I have been deceived, my error is pardonable; that nothing is perfectly + certain in this world, and every man believes that to be infallible which + seems to him the most probable.” + </p> + <p> + “You speak well, and remind me of... curse her! there, speak and have done + with it! I hear the dogs already in the court.” + </p> + <p> + “I was still in Egypt when your embassy came to fetch Nitetis. At the + house of Rhodopis, my delightful, clever and celebrated countrywoman, I + made the acquaintance of Croesus and his son; I only saw your brother and + his friends once or twice, casually; still I remembered the young prince’s + handsome face so well, that some time later, when I was in the workshop of + the great sculptor Theodorus at Samos, I recognized his features at once.” + </p> + <p> + “Did you meet him at Samos?” + </p> + <p> + “No, but his features had made such a deep and faithful impression on + Theodorus’ memory, that he used them to beautify the head of an Apollo, + which the Achaemenidae had ordered for the new temple of Delphi.” + </p> + <p> + “Your tale begins, at least, incredibly enough. How is it possible to copy + features so exactly, when you have not got them before you?” + </p> + <p> + “I can only answer that Theodorus has really completed this master-piece, + and if you wish for a proof of his skill would gladly send you a second + likeness of...” + </p> + <p> + “I have no desire for it. Go on with your story.” + </p> + <p> + “On my journey hither, which, thanks to your father’s excellent + arrangements, I performed in an incredibly short time, changing horses + every sixteen or seventeen miles...” + </p> + <p> + “Who allowed you, a foreigner, to use the posthorses?” + </p> + <p> + “The pass drawn out for the son of Croesus, which came by chance into my + hands, when once, in order to save my life, he forced me to change clothes + with him.” + </p> + <p> + “A Lydian can outwit a fox, and a Syrian a Lydian, but an Ionian is a + match for both,” muttered the king, smiling for the first time; “Croesus + told me this story—poor Croesus!” and then the old gloomy expression + came over his face and he passed his hand across his forehead, as if + trying to smooth the lines of care away. The Athenian went on: “I met with + no hindrances on my journey till this morning at the first hour after + midnight, when I was detained by a strange occurrence.” + </p> + <p> + The king began to listen more attentively, and reminded the Athenian, who + spoke Persian with difficulty, that there was no time to lose. + </p> + <p> + “We had reached the last station but one,” continued he, “and hoped to be + in Babylon by sunrise. I was thinking over my past stirring life, and was + so haunted by the remembrance of evil deeds unrevenged that I could not + sleep; the old Egyptian at my side, however, slept and dreamt peacefully + enough, lulled by the monotonous tones of the harness bells, the sound of + the horses’ hoofs and the murmur of the Euphrates. It was a wonderfully + still, beautiful night; the moon and stars were so brilliant, that our + road and the landscape were lighted up almost with the brightness of day. + For the last hour we had not seen a single vehicle, foot-passenger, or + horseman; we had heard that all the neighboring population had assembled + in Babylon to celebrate your birthday, gaze with wonder at the splendor of + your court, and enjoy your liberality. At last the irregular beat of + horses’ hoofs, and the sound of bells struck my ear, and a few minutes + later I distinctly heard cries of distress. My resolve was taken at once; + I made my Persian servant dismount, sprang into his saddle, told the + driver of the cart in which my slaves were sitting not to spare his mules, + loosened my dagger and sword in their scabbards, and spurred my horse + towards the place from whence the cries came. They grew louder and louder. + I had not ridden a minute, when I came on a fearful scene. Three + wild-looking fellows had just pulled a youth, dressed in the white robes + of a Magian, from his horse, stunned him with heavy blows, and, just as I + reached them, were on the point of throwing him into the Euphrates, which + at that place washes the roots of the palms and fig-trees bordering the + high-road. I uttered my Greek war-cry, which has made many an enemy + tremble before now, and rushed on the murderers. Such fellows are always + cowards; the moment they saw one of their accomplices mortally wounded, + they fled. I did not pursue them, but stooped down to examine the poor + boy, who was severely wounded. How can I describe my horror at seeing, as + I believed, your brother Bartja? Yes, they were the very same features + that I had seen, first at Naukratis and then in Theodorus’ workshop, they + were...” + </p> + <p> + “Marvellous!” interrupted Hystaspes. + </p> + <p> + “Perhaps a little too much so to be credible,” added the king. “Take care, + Hellene! remember my arm reaches far. I shall have the truth of your story + put to the proof.” + </p> + <p> + “I am accustomed,” answered Phanes bowing low, “to follow the advice of + our wise philosopher Pythagoras, whose fame may perhaps have reached your + ears, and always, before speaking, to consider whether what I am going to + say may not cause me sorrow in the future.” + </p> + <p> + “That sounds well; but, by Mithras, I knew some one who often spoke of + that great teacher, and yet in her deeds turned out to be a most faithful + disciple of Angramainjus. You know the traitress, whom we are going to + extirpate from the earth like a poisonous viper to-day.” + </p> + <p> + “Will you forgive me,” answered Phanes, seeing the anguish expressed in + the king’s features, “if I quote another of the great master’s maxims?” + </p> + <p> + “Speak.” + </p> + <p> + “Blessings go as quickly as they come. Therefore bear thy lot patiently. + Murmur not, and remember that the gods never lay a heavier weight on any + man than he can bear. Hast thou a wounded heart? touch it as seldom as + thou wouldst a sore eye. There are only two remedies for heart-sickness:—hope + and patience.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses listened to this sentence, borrowed from the golden maxims of + Pythagoras, and smiled bitterly at the word “patience.” Still the + Athenian’s way of speaking pleased him, and he told him to go on with his + story. + </p> + <p> + Phanes made another deep obeisance, and continued: “We carried the + unconscious youth to my carriage, and brought him to the nearest station. + There he opened his eyes, looked anxiously at me, and asked who I was and + what had happened to him? The master of the station was standing by, so I + was obliged to give the name of Gyges in order not to excite his + suspicions by belying my pass, as it was only through this that I could + obtain fresh horses. + </p> + <p> + “This wounded young man seemed to know Gyges, for he shook his head and + murmured: ‘You are not the man you give yourself out for.’ Then he closed + his eyes again, and a violent attack of fever came on. + </p> + <p> + “We undressed, bled him and bound up his wounds. My Persian servant, who + had served as overlooker in Amasis’ stables and had seen Bartja there, + assisted by the old Egyptian who accompanied me, was very helpful, and + asserted untiringly that the wounded man could be no other than your + brother. When we had cleansed the blood from his face, the master of the + station too swore that there could be no doubt of his being the younger + son of your great father Cyrus. Meanwhile my Egyptian companion had + fetched a potion from the travelling medicine-chest, without which an + Egyptian does not care to leave his native country. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [A similar travelling medicine-chest is to be seen in the Egyptian + Museum at Berlin. It is prettily and compendiously fitted up, and + must be very ancient, for the inscription on the chest, which + contained it stated that it was made in the 11th dynasty (end of the + third century B. C.) in the reign of King Mentuhotep.] +</pre> + <p> + The drops worked wonders; in a few hours the fever was quieted, and at + sunrise the patient opened his eyes once more. We bowed down before him, + believing him to be your brother, and asked if he would like to be taken + to the palace in Babylon. This he refused vehemently, and asseverated that + he was not the man we took him for, but,...” + </p> + <p> + “Who can be so like Bartja? tell me quickly,” interrupted the king, “I am + very curious to know this.” + </p> + <p> + “He declared that he was the brother of your high-priest, that his name + was Gaumata, and that this would be proved by the pass which we should + find in the sleeve of his Magian’s robe. The landlord found this document + and, being able to read, confirmed the statement of the sick youth; he + was, however, soon seized by a fresh attack of fever, and began to speak + incoherently.” + </p> + <p> + “Could you understand him?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, for his talk always ran on the same subject. The hanging-gardens + seemed to fill his thoughts. He must have just escaped some great danger, + and probably had had a lover’s meeting there with a woman called Mandane.” + </p> + <p> + “Mandane, Mandane,” said Cambyses in a low voice; “if I do not mistake, + that is the name of the highest attendant on Amasis’ daughter.” + </p> + <p> + These words did not escape the sharp ears of the Greek. He thought a + moment and then exclaimed with a smile; “Set the prisoners free, my King; + I will answer for it with my own head, that Bartja was not in the + hanging-gardens.” + </p> + <p> + The king was surprised at this speech but not angry. The free, + unrestrained, graceful manner of this Athenian towards himself produced + the same impression, that a fresh sea-breeze makes when felt for the first + time. The nobles of his own court, even his nearest relations, approached + him bowing and cringing, but this Greek stood erect in his presence; the + Persians never ventured to address their ruler without a thousand flowery + and flattering phrases, but the Athenian was simple, open and + straightforward. Yet his words were accompanied by such a charm of action + and expression, that the king could understand them, notwithstanding the + defective Persian in which they were clothed, better than the allegorical + speeches of his own subjects. Nitetis and Phanes were the only human + beings, who had ever made him forget that he was a king. With them he was + a man speaking to his fellow-man, instead of a despot speaking with + creatures whose very existence was the plaything of his own caprice. Such + is the effect produced by real manly dignity, superior culture and the + consciousness of a right to freedom, on the mind even of a tyrant. But + there was something beside all this, that had helped to win Cambyses’ + favor for the Athenian. This man’s coming seemed as if it might possibly + give him back the treasure he had believed was lost and more than lost. + But how could the life of such a foreign adventurer be accepted as surety + for the sons of the highest Persians in the realm? The proposal, however, + did not make him angry. On the contrary, he could not help smiling at the + boldness of this Greek, who in his eagerness had freed himself from the + cloth which hung over his mouth and beard, and exclaimed: “By Mithras, + Greek, it really seems as if you were to prove a messenger of good for us! + I accept your offer. If the prisoners, notwithstanding your supposition, + should still prove guilty you are bound to pass your whole life at my + court and in my service, but if, on the contrary, you are able to prove + what I so ardently long for, I will make you richer than any of your + countrymen.” + </p> + <p> + Phanes answered by a smile which seemed to decline this munificent offer, + and asked: “Is it permitted me to put a few questions to yourself and to + the officers of your court?” + </p> + <p> + “You are allowed to say and ask whatever you wish.” + </p> + <p> + At this moment the master of the huntsmen, one of those who daily ate at + the king’s table, entered, out of breath from his endeavors to hasten the + preparations, and announced that all was ready. + </p> + <p> + “They must wait,” was the king’s imperious answer. “I am not sure, that we + shall hunt at all to-day. Where is Bischen, the captain of police?” + </p> + <p> + Datis, the so-called “eye of the king,” who held the office filled in + modern days by a minister of police, hurried from the room, returning in a + few minutes with the desired officer. These moments Phanes made use of for + putting various questions on important points to the nobles who were + present. + </p> + <p> + “What news can you bring of the prisoners?” asked the king, as the man lay + prostrate before him. “Victory to the king! They await death with + calmness, for it is sweet to die by thy will.” + </p> + <p> + “Have you heard anything of their conversation?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, my Ruler.” + </p> + <p> + “Do they acknowledge their guilt, when speaking to each other?” + </p> + <p> + “Mithras alone knows the heart; but you, my prince, if you could hear them + speak, would believe in their innocence, even as I the humblest of your + servants.” + </p> + <p> + The captain looked up timidly at the king, fearing lest these words should + have excited his anger; Cambyses, however, smiled kindly instead of + rebuking him. But a sudden thought darkened his brow again directly, and + in a low voice he asked: “When was Croesus executed?” + </p> + <p> + The man trembled at this question; the perspiration stood on his forehead, + and he could scarcely stammer the words: “He is... he has ... we + thought....” + </p> + <p> + “What did you think?” interrupted Cambyses, and a new light of hope seemed + to dawn in his mind. “Is it possible, that you did not carry out my orders + at once? Can Croesus still be alive? Speak at once, I must know the whole + truth.” + </p> + <p> + The captain writhed like a worm at his lord’s feet, and at last stammered + out, raising his hands imploringly towards the king: “Have mercy, have + mercy, my Lord the king! I am a poor man, and have thirty children, + fifteen of whom...” + </p> + <p> + “I wish to know if Croesus is living or dead.” + </p> + <p> + “He is alive! He has done so much for me, and I did not think I was doing + wrong in allowing him to live a few hours longer, that he might....” + </p> + <p> + “That is enough,” said the king breathing freely. “This once your + disobedience shall go unpunished, and the treasurer may give you two + talents, as you have so many children.—Now go to the prisoners,—tell + Croesus to come hither, and the others to be of good courage, if they are + innocent.” + </p> + <p> + “My King is the light of the world, and an ocean of mercy.” + </p> + <p> + “Bartja and his friends need not remain any longer in confinement; they + can walk in the court of the palace, and you will keep guard over them. + You, Datis, go at once to the hanging-gardens and order Boges to defer the + execution of the sentence on the Egyptian Princess; and further, I wish + messengers sent to the post-station mentioned by the Athenian, and the + wounded man brought hither under safe escort.” + </p> + <p> + The “king’s eye” was on the point of departure, but Phanes detained him, + saying: “Does my King allow me to make one remark?” + </p> + <p> + “Speak.” + </p> + <p> + “It appears to me, that the chief of the eunuchs could give the most + accurate information. During his delirium the youth often mentioned his + name in connection with that of the girl he seemed to be in love with.” + </p> + <p> + “Go at once, Datis, and bring him quickly.” + </p> + <p> + “The high-priest Oropastes, Gaumata’s brother, ought to appear too; and + Mandane, whom I have just been assured on the most positive authority, is + the principal attendant of the Egyptian Princess.” + </p> + <p> + “Fetch her, Datis.” + </p> + <p> + “If Nitetis herself could...” + </p> + <p> + At this the king turned pale and a cold shiver ran through his limbs. How + he longed to see his darling again! But the strong man was afraid of this + woman’s reproachful looks; he knew the captivating power that lay in her + eyes. So he pointed to the door, saying “Fetch Boges and Mandane; the + Egyptian Princess is to remain in the hanging-gardens, under strict + custody.” + </p> + <p> + The Athenian bowed deferentially; as if he would say: “Here no one has a + right to command but the king.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses looked well pleased, seated himself again on the purple divan, + and resting his forehead on his hand, bent his eyes on the ground and sank + into deep thought. The picture of the woman he loved so dearly refused to + be banished; it came again and again, more and more vividly, and the + thought that these features could not have deceived him—that Nitetis + must be innocent—took a firmer root in his mind; he had already + begun to hope. If Bartja could be cleared, there was no error that might + not be conceivable; in that case he would go to the hanging-gardens, take + her hand and listen to her defence. When love has once taken firm hold of + a man in riper years, it runs and winds through his whole nature like one + of his veins, and can only be destroyed with his life. + </p> + <p> + The entrance of Croesus roused Cambyses from his dream; he raised the old + man kindly from the prostrate position at his feet, into which he had + thrown himself on entering, and said: “You offended me, but I will be + merciful; I have not forgotten that my father, on his dying bed, told me + to make you my friend and adviser. Take your life back as a gift from me, + and forget my anger as I wish to forget your want of reverence. This man + says he knows you; I should like to hear your opinion of his conjectures.” + </p> + <p> + Croesus turned away much affected, and after having heartily welcomed the + Athenian, asked him to relate his suppositions and the grounds on which + they were founded. + </p> + <p> + The old man grew more and more attentive as the Greek went on, and when he + had finished raised his hands to heaven, crying: “Pardon me, oh ye eternal + gods, if I have ever questioned the justice of your decrees. Is not this + marvellous, Cambyses? My son once placed himself in great danger to save + the life of this noble Athenian, whom the gods have brought hither to + repay the deed tenfold. Had Phanes been murdered in Egypt, this hour might + have seen our sons executed.” + </p> + <p> + And as he said this he embraced Hystaspes; both shared one feeling; their + sons had been as dead and were now alive. + </p> + <p> + The king, Phanes, and all the Persian dignitaries watched the old men with + deep sympathy, and though the proofs of Bartja’s innocence were as yet + only founded on conjecture, not one of those present doubted it one moment + longer. Wherever the belief in a man’s guilt is but slight, his defender + finds willing listeners. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0022" id="link2HCH0022"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER VI. + </h2> + <p> + THE sharp-witted Athenian saw clearly how matters lay in this sad story; + nor did it escape him that malice had had a hand in the affair. How could + Bartja’s dagger have come into the hanging-gardens except through + treachery? + </p> + <p> + While he was telling the king his suspicions, Oropastes was led into the + hall. + </p> + <p> + The king looked angrily at him and without one preliminary word, asked: + “Have you a brother?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, my King. He and I are the only two left out of a family of six. My + parents...” + </p> + <p> + “Is your brother younger or older than yourself?” + </p> + <p> + “I was the eldest of the family; my brother, the youngest, was the joy of + my father’s old age.” + </p> + <p> + “Did you ever notice a remarkable likeness between him and one of my + relations?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, my King. Gaumata is so like your brother Bartja, that in the school + for priests at Rhagae, where he still is, he was always called ‘the + prince.’” + </p> + <p> + “Has he been at Babylon very lately?” + </p> + <p> + “He was here for the last time at the New Year’s festival.” + </p> + <p> + “Are you speaking the truth?” + </p> + <p> + “The sin of lying would be doubly punishable in one who wears my robes, + and holds my office.” + </p> + <p> + The king’s face flushed with anger at this answer and he exclaimed: + “Nevertheless you are lying; Gaumata was here yesterday evening. You may + well tremble.” + </p> + <p> + “My life belongs to the king, whose are all things; nevertheless I swear—the + high-priest-by the most high God, whom I have served faithfully for thirty + years, that I know nothing of my brother’s presence in Babylon yesterday.” + </p> + <p> + “Your face looks as if you were speaking the truth.” + </p> + <p> + “You know that I was not absent from your side the whole of that high + holiday.” + </p> + <p> + “I know it.” + </p> + <p> + Again the doors opened; this time they admitted the trembling Mandane. The + high-priest cast such a look of astonishment and enquiry on her, that the + king saw she must be in some way connected with him, and therefore, taking + no notice of the trembling girl who lay at his feet, he asked: “Do you + know this woman?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, my King. I obtained for her the situation of upper attendant to the—may + Auramazda forgive her!—King of Egypt’s daughter.” + </p> + <p> + “What led you,—a priest,—to do a favor to this girl?” + </p> + <p> + “Her parents died of the same pestilence, which carried off my brothers. + Her father was a priest, respected, and a friend of our family; so we + adopted the little girl, remembering the words: ‘If thou withhold help + from the man who is pure in heart and from his widow and orphans, then + shall the pure, subject earth cast thee out unto the stinging-nettles, to + painful sufferings and to the most fearful regions!’ Thus I became her + foster-father, and had her brought up with my youngest brother until he + was obliged to enter the school for priests.” + </p> + <p> + The king exchanged a look of intelligence with Phanes, and asked: “Why did + not you keep the girl longer with you?” + </p> + <p> + “When she had received the ear-rings I, as priest, thought it more + suitable to send such a young girl away from my house, and to put her in a + position to earn her own living.” + </p> + <p> + “Has she seen your brother since she has been grown up?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, my King. Whenever Gaumata came to see me I allowed him to be with + her as with a sister; but on discovering later that the passionate love of + youth had begun to mingle with the childish friendship of former days, I + felt strengthened in my resolution to send her away.” + </p> + <p> + “Now we know enough,” said the king, commanding the high-priest by a nod + to retire. He then looked down on the prostrate girl, and said + imperiously: “Rise!” + </p> + <p> + Mandane rose, trembling with fear. Her fresh young face was pale as death, + and her red lips were blue from terror. + </p> + <p> + “Tell all you know about yesterday evening; but remember, a lie and your + death are one and the same.” + </p> + <p> + The girl’s knees trembled so violently that she could hardly stand, and + her fear entirely took away the power of speaking. + </p> + <p> + “I have not much patience,” exclaimed Cambyses. Mandane started, grew + paler still, but could not speak. Then Phanes came forward and asked the + angry king to allow him to examine the girl, as he felt sure that fear + alone had closed her lips and that a kind word would open them. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses allowed this, and the Athenian’s words proved true; no sooner had + he assured Mandane of the good-will of all present, laid his hand on her + head and spoken kindly to her, than the source of her tears was unlocked, + she wept freely, the spell which had seemed to chain her tongue, vanished, + and she began to tell her story, interrupted only by low sobs. She hid + nothing, confessed that Boges had given her his sanction and assistance to + the meeting with Gaumata, and ended by saying: “I know that I have + forfeited my life, and am the worst and most ungrateful creature in the + world; but none of all this would have happened, if Oropastes had allowed + his brother to marry me.” + </p> + <p> + The serious audience, even the king himself, could not resist a smile at + the longing tone in which these words were spoken and the fresh burst of + sobs which succeeded them. + </p> + <p> + And this smile saved her life. But Cambyses would not have smiled, after + hearing such a story, if Mandane, with that instinct which always seems to + stand at a woman’s command in the hour of her greatest danger, had not + known how to seize his weak side, and use it for her own interests, by + dwelling much longer than was necessary, on the delight which Nitetis had + manifested at the king’s gifts. + </p> + <p> + “A thousand times” cried she, “did my mistress kiss the presents which + were brought from you, O King; but oftenest of all did she press her lips + to the nosegay which you plucked with your own hands for her, some days + ago. And when it began to fade, she took every flower separately, spread + out the petals with care, laid them between woollen cloths, and, with her + own hands, placed her heavy, golden ointment-box upon them, that they + might dry and so she might keep them always as a remembrance of your + kindness.” + </p> + <p> + Seeing Cambyses’ awful features grow a little milder at these words, the + girl took fresh courage, and at last began to put loving words into her + mistress’s mouth which the latter had never uttered; professing that she + herself had heard Nitetis a hundred times murmur the word “Cambyses” in + her sleep with indescribable tenderness. She ended her confession by + sobbing and praying for mercy. + </p> + <p> + The king looked down at her with infinite contempt, though without anger, + and pushing her away with his foot said: “Out of my sight, you dog of a + woman! Blood like yours would soil the executioner’s axe. Out of my + sight!” + </p> + <p> + Mandane needed no second command to depart. The words “out of my sight” + sounded like sweet music in her ears. She rushed through the courts of the + palace, and out into the streets, crying like a mad woman “I am free! I am + free!” + </p> + <p> + She, had scarcely left the hall, when Datis, the “king’s eye” reappeared + with the news that the chief of the eunuchs was nowhere to be found. He + had vanished from the hanging-gardens in an unaccountable manner; but he, + Datis, had left word with his subordinates that he was to be searched for + and brought, dead or alive. + </p> + <p> + The king went off into another violent fit of passion at this news, and + threatened the officer of police, who prudently concealed the excitement + of the crowd from his lord, with a severe punishment, if Boges were not in + their hands by the next morning. + </p> + <p> + As he finished speaking, a eunuch was brought into the hall, sent by the + king’s mother to ask an interview for herself with her son. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses prepared at once to comply with his mother’s wish, at the same + time giving Phanes his hand to kiss, a rare honor, only shown to those + that ate at the king’s table, and saying: “All the prisoners are to be set + at liberty. Go to your sons, you anxious, troubled fathers, and assure + them of my mercy and favor. I think we shall be able to find a satrapy + a-piece for them, as compensation for to-night’s undeserved imprisonment. + To you, my Greek friend, I am deeply indebted. In discharge of this debt, + and as a means of retaining you at my court, I beg you to accept one + hundred talents from my treasury.” + </p> + <p> + “I shall scarcely be able to use so large a sum,” said Phanes, bowing low. + </p> + <p> + “Then abuse it,” said the king with a friendly smile, and calling out to + him, “We shall meet again at supper,” he left the hall accompanied by his + court. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ........................ +</pre> + <p> + In the meantime there had been sadness and mourning in the apartments of + the queen-mother. Judging from the contents of the letter to Bartja, + Kassandane had made up her mind that Nitetis was faithless, and her own + beloved son innocent. But in whom could she ever place confidence again, + now that this girl, whom she had looked upon as the very embodiment of + every womanly virtue, had proved reprobate and faithless—now that + the noblest youths in the realm had proved perjurers? + </p> + <p> + Nitetis was more than dead for her; Bartja, Croesus, Darius, Gyges, + Araspes, all so closely allied to her by relationship and friendship, as + good as dead. And yet she durst not indulge her sorrow; she had to + restrain the despairing outbursts of grief of her impetuous child. + </p> + <p> + Atossa behaved like one deprived of her senses when she heard of the + sentences of death. The self-control which she had learnt from Nitetis + gave way, and her old impetuosity burst forth again with double vehemence. + </p> + <p> + Nitetis, her only friend,—Bartja, the brother whom she loved with + her whole heart,—Darius, whom she felt now she not only looked up to + as her deliverer, but loved with all the warmth of a first affection—Croesus + to whom she clung like a father,—she was to lose every one she loved + in one day. + </p> + <p> + She tore her dress and her hair, called Cambyses a monster, and every one + who could possibly believe in the guilt of such people, infatuated or + insane. Then her tears would burst out afresh, she would utter imploring + supplications to the gods for mercy, and a few minutes later, begin + conjuring her mother to take her to the hanging-gardens, that they might + hear Nitetis’ defence of her own conduct. + </p> + <p> + Kassandane tried to soothe the violent girl, and assured her every attempt + to visit the hanging-gardens would be in vain. Then Atossa began to rage + again, until at last her mother was forced to command silence, and as + morning had already began to dawn, sent her to her sleeping-room. + </p> + <p> + The girl obeyed, but instead of going to bed, seated herself at a tall + window looking towards the hanging-gardens. Her eyes filled with tears + again, as she thought of her friend—her sister-sitting in that + palace alone, forsaken, banished, and looking forward to an ignominious + death. Suddenly her tearful, weary eyes lighted up as if from some strong + purpose, and instead of gazing into the distance, she fixed them on a + black speck which flew towards her in a straight line from Nitetis’ house, + becoming larger and more distinct every moment; and finally settling on a + cypress before her window. The sorrow vanished at once from her lovely + face and with a deep sigh of relief she sprang up, exclaiming: + </p> + <p> + “Oh, there is the Homai, the bird of good fortune! Now everything will + turn out well.” + </p> + <p> + It was the same bird of paradise which had brought so much comfort to + Nitetis that now gave poor Atossa fresh confidence. + </p> + <p> + She bent forward to see whether any one was in the garden; and finding + that she would be seen by no one but the old gardener, she jumped out, + trembling like a fawn, plucked a few roses and cypress twigs and took them + to the old man, who had been watching her performances with a doubtful + shake of the head. + </p> + <p> + She stroked his cheeks coaxingly, put her flowers in his brown hand, and + said: “Do you love me, Sabaces?” + </p> + <p> + “O, my mistress!” was the only answer the old man could utter, as he + pressed the hem of her robe to his lips. + </p> + <p> + “I believe you, my old friend, and I will show you how I trust my + faithful, old Sabaces. Hide these flowers carefully and go quickly to the + king’s palace. Say that you had to bring fruit for the table. My poor + brother Bartja, and Darius, the son of the noble Hystaspes, are in prison, + near the guard-house of the Immortals. You must manage that these flowers + reach them, with a warm greeting from me, but mind, the message must be + given with the flowers.” + </p> + <p> + “But the guards will not allow me to see the prisoners.” + </p> + <p> + “Take these rings, and slip them into their hands.” + </p> + <p> + “I will do my best.” + </p> + <p> + “I knew you loved me, my good Sabaces. Now make haste, and come back + soon.” + </p> + <p> + The old man went off as fast as he could. Atossa looked thoughtfully after + him, murmuring to herself: “Now they will both know, that I loved them to + the last. The rose means, ‘I love you,’ and the evergreen cypress, ‘true + and steadfast.’” The old man came back in an hour; bringing her Bartja’s + favorite ring, and from Darius an Indian handkerchief dipped in blood. + </p> + <p> + Atossa ran to meet him; her eyes filled with tears as she took the tokens, + and seating herself under a spreading plane-tree, she pressed them by + turns to her lips, murmuring: “Bartja’s ring means that he thinks of me; + the blood-stained handkerchief that Darius is ready to shed his heart’s + blood for me.” + </p> + <p> + Atossa smiled as she said this, and her tears, when she thought of her + friends and their sad fate, were quieter, if not less bitter, than before. + </p> + <p> + A few hours later a messenger arrived from Croesus with news that the + innocence of Bartja and his friends had been proved, and that Nitetis was, + to all intents and purposes, cleared also. + </p> + <p> + Kassandane sent at once to the hanging-gardens, with a request that + Nitetis would come to her apartments. Atossa, as unbridled in her joy as + in her grief, ran to meet her friend’s litter and flew from one of her + attendants to the other crying: “They are all innocent; we shall not lose + one of them—not one!” + </p> + <p> + When at last the litter appeared and her loved one, pale as death, within + it, she burst into loud sobs, threw her arms round Nitetis as she + descended, and covered her with kisses and caresses till she perceived + that her friend’s strength was failing, that her knees gave way, and she + required a stronger support than Atossa’s girlish strength could give. + </p> + <p> + The Egyptian girl was carried insensible into the queen-mother’s + apartments. When she opened her eyes, her head-more like a marble piece of + sculpture than a living head—was resting on the blind queen’s lap, + she felt Atossa’s warm kisses on her forehead, and Cambyses, who had + obeyed his mother’s call, was standing at her side. + </p> + <p> + She gazed on this circle, including all she loved best, with anxious, + perplexed looks, and at last, recognizing them one by one, passed her hand + across her pale fore head as if to remove a veil, smiled at each, and + closed her eyes once more. She fancied Isis had sent her a beautiful + vision, and wished to hold it fast with all the powers of her mind. + </p> + <p> + Then Atossa called her by her name, impetuously and lovingly. She opened + her eyes again, and again she saw those loving looks that she fancied had + only been sent her in a dream. Yes, that was her own Atossa—this her + motherly friend, and there stood, not the angry king, but the man she + loved. And now his lips opened too, his stern, severe eyes rested on her + so beseechingly, and he said: “O Nitetis, awake! you must not—you + cannot possibly be guilty!” She moved her head gently with a look of + cheerful denial and a happy smile stole across her features, like a breeze + of early spring over fresh young roses. + </p> + <p> + “She is innocent! by Mithras, it is impossible that she can be guilty,” + cried the king again, and forgetful of the presence of others, he sank on + his knees. + </p> + <p> + A Persian physician came up and rubbed her forehead with a sweet-scented + oil, and Nebenchari approached, muttering spells, felt her pulse, shook + his head, and administered a potion from his portable medicine-chest. This + restored her to perfect consciousness; she raised herself with difficulty + into a sitting posture, returned the loving caresses of her two friends, + and then turning to Cambyses, asked: “How could you believe such a thing + of me, my King?” There was no reproach in her tone, but deep sadness, and + Cambyses answered softly, “Forgive me.” + </p> + <p> + Kassandane’s blind eyes expressed her gratitude for this self-renunciation + on the part of her son, and she said: “My daughter, I need your + forgiveness too.” + </p> + <p> + “But I never once doubted you,” cried Atossa, proudly and joyfully kissing + her friend’s lips. + </p> + <p> + “Your letter to Bartja shook my faith in your innocence,” added + Kassandane. + </p> + <p> + “And yet it was all so simple and natural,” answered Nitetis. “Here, my + mother, take this letter from Egypt. Croesus will translate it for you. It + will explain all. Perhaps I was imprudent. Ask your mother to tell you + what you would wish to know, my King. Pray do not scorn my poor, ill + sister. When an Egyptian girl once loves, she cannot forget. But I feel so + frightened. The end must be near. The last hours have been so very, very + terrible. That horrible man, Boges, read me the fearful sentence of death, + and it was that which forced the poison into my hand. Ah, my heart!” + </p> + <p> + And with these words she fell back into the arms of Kassandane. + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari rushed forward, and gave her some more drops, exclaiming: “I + thought so! She has taken poison and her life cannot be saved, though this + antidote may possibly prolong it for a few days.” Cambyses stood by, pale + and rigid, following the physician’s slightest movements, and Atossa + bathed her friend’s forehead with her tears. + </p> + <p> + “Let some milk be brought,” cried Nebenchari, “and my large + medicine-chest; and let attendants be called to carry her away, for quiet + is necessary, above all things.” + </p> + <p> + Atossa hastened into the adjoining room; and Cambyses said to the + physician, but without looking into his face: “Is there no hope?” + </p> + <p> + “The poison which she has taken results in certain death.” + </p> + <p> + On hearing this the king pushed Nebenchari away from the sick girl, + exclaiming: “She shall live. It is my will. Here, eunuch! summon all the + physicians in Babylon—assemble the priests and Alobeds! She is not + to die; do you hear? she must live, I am the king, and I command it.” + </p> + <p> + Nitetis opened her eyes as if endeavoring to obey her lord. Her face was + turned towards the window, and the bird of paradise with the gold chain on + its foot, was still there, perched on the cypress-tree. Her eyes fell + first on her lover, who had sunk down at her side and was pressing his + burning lips to her right hand. She murmured with a smile: “O, this great + happiness!” Then she saw the bird, and pointed to it with her left hand, + crying: “Look, look, there is the Phoenix, the bird of Ra!” + </p> + <p> + After saying this she closed her eyes and was soon seized by a violent + attack of fever. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0023" id="link2HCH0023"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER VII. + </h2> + <p> + Prexaspes, the king’s messenger, and one of the highest officials at + court, had brought Gaumata, Mandane’s lover, whose likeness to Bartja was + really most wonderful, to Babylon, sick and wounded as he was. He was now + awaiting his sentence in a dungeon, while Boges, the man who had led him + into crime, was nowhere to be found, notwithstanding all the efforts of + the police. His escape had been rendered possible by the trap-door in the + hanging-gardens, and greatly assisted by the enormous crowds assembled in + the streets. + </p> + <p> + Immense treasures were found in his house. Chests of gold and jewels, + which his position had enabled him to obtain with great ease, were + restored to the royal treasury. Cambyses, however, would gladly have given + ten times as much treasure to secure possession of the traitor. + </p> + <p> + To Phaedime’s despair the king ordered all the inhabitants of the harem, + except his mother, Atossa and the dying Nitetis, to be removed to Susa, + two days after the accused had been declared innocent. Several eunuchs of + rank were deposed from their offices. The entire caste was to suffer for + the sins of him who had escaped punishment. + </p> + <p> + Oropastes, who had already entered on his duties as regent of the kingdom, + and had clearly proved his non-participation in the crime of which his + brother had been proved guilty, bestowed the vacant places exclusively on + the Magi. The demonstration made by the people in favor of Bartja did not + come to the king’s ears until the crowd had long dispersed. Still, + occupied as he was, almost entirely, by his anxiety for Nitetis, he caused + exact information of this illegal manifestation to be furnished him, and + ordered the ringleaders to be severely punished. He fancied it was a proof + that Bartja had been trying to gain favor with the people, and Cambyses + would perhaps have shown his displeasure by some open act, if a better + impulse had not told him that he, not Bartja, was the brother who stood in + need of forgiveness. In spite of this, however, he could not get rid of + the feeling that Bartja, had been, though innocent, the cause of the sad + events which had just happened, nor of his wish to get him out of the way + as far as might be; and he therefore gave a ready consent to his brother’s + wish to start at once for Naukratis. + </p> + <p> + Bartja took a tender farewell of his mother and sister, and started two + days after his liberation. He was accompanied by Gyges, Zopyrus, and a + numerous retinue charged with splendid presents from Cambyses for Sappho. + Darius remained behind, kept back by his love for Atossa. The day too was + not far distant, when, by his father’s wish, he was to marry Artystone, + the daughter of Gobryas. + </p> + <p> + Bartja parted from his friend with a heavy heart, advising him to be very + prudent with regard to Atossa. The secret had been confided to Kassandane, + and she had promised to take Darius’ part with the king. + </p> + <p> + If any one might venture to raise his eyes to the daughter of Cyrus, + assuredly it was the son of Hystaspes; he was closely connected by + marriage with the royal family, belonged like Cambyses to the Pasargadae, + and his family was a younger branch of the reigning dynasty. His father + called himself the highest noble in the realm, and as such, governed the + province of Persia proper, the mother-country, to which this enormous + world-empire and its ruler owed their origin. Should the family of Cyrus + become extinct, the descendants of Hystaspes would have a well-grounded + right to the Persian throne. Darius therefore, apart from his personal + advantages, was a fitting claimant for Atossa’s hand. And yet no one dared + to ask the king’s consent. In the gloomy state of mind into which he had + been brought by the late events, it was likely that he might refuse it, + and such an answer would have to be regarded as irrevocable. So Bartja was + obliged to leave Persia in anxiety about the future of these two who were + very dear to him. + </p> + <p> + Croesus promised to act as mediator in this case also, and before Bartja + left, made him acquainted with Phanes. + </p> + <p> + The youth had heard such a pleasant account of the Athenian from Sappho, + that he met him with great cordiality, and soon won the fancy of the older + and more experienced man, who gave him many a useful hint, and a letter to + Theopompus, the Milesian, at Naukratis. Phanes concluded by asking for a + private interview. + </p> + <p> + Bartja returned to his friends looking grave and thoughtful; soon, + however, he forgot his cause of anxiety and joked merrily with them over a + farewell cup. Before he mounted his horse the next morning, Nebenchari + asked to be allowed an audience. He was admitted, and begged Bartja to + take the charge of a large written roll for king Amasis. It contained a + detailed account of Nitetis’ sufferings, ending with these words: “Thus + the unhappy victim of your ambitious plans will end her life in a few + hours by poison, to the use of which she was driven by despair. The + arbitrary caprices of the mighty can efface all happiness from the life of + a human creature, just as we wipe a picture from the tablet with a sponge. + Your servant Nebenchari is pining in a foreign land, deprived of home and + property, and the wretched daughter of a king of Egypt dies a miserable + and lingering death by her own hand. Her body will be torn to pieces by + dogs and vultures, after the manner of the Persians. Woe unto them who rob + the innocent of happiness here and of rest beyond the grave!” + </p> + <p> + Bartja had not been told the contents of this letter, but promised to take + it with him; he then, amid the joyful shouts of the people, set up outside + the city-gate the stones which, according to a Persian superstition, were + to secure him a prosperous journey, and left Babylon. + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari, meanwhile, prepared to return to his post by Nitetis’ + dying-bed. + </p> + <p> + Just as he reached the brazen gates between the harem-gardens and the + courts of the large palace, an old man in white robes came up to him. The + sight seemed to fill Nebenchari with terror; he started as if the gaunt + old man had been a ghost. Seeing, however, a friendly and familiar smile + on the face of the other, he quickened his steps, and, holding out his + hand with a heartiness for which none of his Persian acquaintances would + have given him credit, exclaimed in Egyptian: “Can I believe my eyes? You + in Persia, old Hib? I should as soon have expected the sky to fall as to + have the pleasure of seeing you on the Euphrates. But now, in the name of + Osiris, tell me what can have induced you, you old ibis, to leave your + warm nest on the Nile and set out on such a long journey eastward.” + </p> + <p> + While Nebenchari was speaking, the old man listened in a bowing posture, + with his arms hanging down by his side, and when he had finished, looked + up into his face with indescribable joy, touched his breast with trembling + fingers, and then, falling on the right knee, laying one hand on his heart + and raising the other to heaven, cried: “Thanks be unto thee, great Isis, + for protecting the wanderer and permitting him to see his master once more + in health and safety. Ah, child, how anxious I have been! I expected to + find you as wasted and thin as a convict from the quarries; I thought you + would have been grieving and unhappy, and here you are as well, and + handsome and portly as ever. If poor old Hib had been in your place he + would have been dead long ago.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, I don’t doubt that, old fellow. I did not leave home of my own will + either, nor without many a heartache. These foreigners are all the + children of Seth. The good and gracious gods are only to be found in Egypt + on the shores of the sacred, blessed Nile.” + </p> + <p> + “I don’t know much about its being so blessed,” muttered the old man. + </p> + <p> + “You frighten me, father Hib. What has happened then?” + </p> + <p> + “Happened! Things have come to a pretty pass there, and you’ll hear of it + soon enough. Do you think I should have left house and grandchildren at my + age,—going on for eighty,—like any Greek or Phoenician + vagabond, and come out among these godless foreigners (the gods blast and + destroy them!), if I could possibly have staid on in Egypt?” + </p> + <p> + “But tell me what it’s all about.” + </p> + <p> + “Some other time, some other time. Now you must take me to your own house, + and I won’t stir out of it as long as we are in this land of Typhon.” + </p> + <p> + The old man said this with so much emphasis, that Nebenchiari could not + help smiling and saying: “Have they treated you so very badly then, old + man?” + </p> + <p> + “Pestilence and Khamsin!” blustered the old man. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The south-west wind, which does so much injury to the crops in the + Nile valley. It is known to us as the Simoom, the wind so perilous + to travellers in the desert.] +</pre> + <p> + “There’s not a more good-for-nothing Typhon’s brood on the face of the + earth than these Persians. I only wonder they’re not all red-haired and + leprous. Ah, child, two whole days I have been in this hell already, and + all that time I was obliged to live among these blasphemers. They said no + one could see you; you were never allowed to leave Nitetis’ sick-bed. Poor + child! I always said this marriage with a foreigner would come to no good, + and it serves Amasis right if his children give him trouble. His conduct + to you alone deserves that.” + </p> + <p> + “For shame, old man!” + </p> + <p> + “Nonsense, one must speak one’s mind sometimes. I hate a king, who comes + from nobody knows where. Why, when he was a poor boy he used to steal your + father’s nuts, and wrench the name-plates off the house-doors. I saw he + was a good-for-nothing fellow then. It’s a shame that such people should + be allowed to....” + </p> + <p> + “Gently, gently, old man. We are not all made of the same stuff, and if + there was such a little difference between you and Amasis as boys, it, is + your own fault that, now you are old men, he has outstripped you so far. + </p> + <p> + “My father and grandfather were both servants in the temple, and of course + I followed in their footsteps.” + </p> + <p> + “Quite right; it is the law of caste, and by that rule, Amasis ought never + to have become anything higher than a poor army-captain at most.” + </p> + <p> + “It is not every one who’s got such an easy conscience as this upstart + fellow.” + </p> + <p> + “There you are again! For shame, Hib! As long as I can remember, and that + is nearly half a century, every other word with you has been an abusive + one. When I was a child your ill-temper was vented on me, and now the king + has the benefit of it.” + </p> + <p> + “Serves him right! All, if you only knew all! It’s now seven months since + ...” + </p> + <p> + “I can’t stop to listen to you now. At the rising of the seven stars I + will send a slave to take you to my rooms. Till then you must stay in your + present lodging, for I must go to my patient.” + </p> + <p> + “You must?—Very well,—then go and leave poor old Hib here to + die. I can’t possibly live another hour among these creatures.” + </p> + <p> + “What would you have me do then?” + </p> + <p> + “Let me live with you as long as we are in Persia.” + </p> + <p> + “Have they treated you so very roughly?” + </p> + <p> + “I should think they had indeed. It is loathsome to think of. They forced + me to eat out of the same pot with them and cut my bread with the same + knife. An infamous Persian, who had lived many years in Egypt, and + travelled here with us, had given them a list of all the things and + actions, which we consider unclean. They took away my knife when I was + going to shave myself. A good-for-nothing wench kissed me on the forehead, + before I could prevent it. There, you needn’t laugh; it will be a month at + least before I can get purified from all these pollutions. I took an + emetic, and when that at last began to take effect, they all mocked and + sneered at me. But that was not all. A cursed cook-boy nearly beat a + sacred kitten to death before my very eyes. Then an ointment-mixer, who + had heard that I was your servant, made that godless Bubares ask me + whether I could cure diseases of the eye too. I said yes, because you know + in sixty years it’s rather hard if one can’t pick up something from one’s + master. Bubares was interpreter between us, and the shameful fellow told + him to say that he was very much disturbed about a dreadful disease in his + eyes. I asked what it was, and received for answer that he could not tell + one thing from another in the dark!” + </p> + <p> + “You should have told him that the best remedy for that was to light a + candle.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, I hate the rascals! Another hour among them will be the death of me!” + </p> + <p> + “I am sure you behaved oddly enough among these foreigners,” said + Nebenchiari smiling, “you must have made them laugh at you, for the + Persians are generally very polite, well-behaved people. Try them again, + only once. I shall be very glad to take you in this evening, but I can’t + possibly do it before.” + </p> + <p> + “It is as I thought! He’s altered too, like everybody else! Osiris is dead + and Seth rules the world again.” + </p> + <p> + “Farewell! When the seven stars rise, our old Ethiopian slave, Nebununf, + will wait for you here.” + </p> + <p> + “Nebununf, that old rogue? I never want to see him again.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, the very same.” + </p> + <p> + “Him—well it’s a good thing, when people stay as they were. To be + sure I know some people who can’t say so much of themselves, and who + instead of minding their own business, pretend to heal inward diseases, + and when a faithful old servant...” + </p> + <p> + “Hold your tongue, and wait patiently till evening.” These last words were + spoken seriously, and produced the desired impression. The old man made + another obeisance, and before his master left him, said: “I came here + under the protection of Phanes, the former commander of the Greek + mercenaries. He wishes very much to speak with you.” + </p> + <p> + “That is his concern. He can come to me.” + </p> + <p> + “You never leave that sick girl, whose eyes are as sound as...” + </p> + <p> + “Hib!” + </p> + <p> + “For all I care she may have a cataract in both. May Phanes come to you + this evening?” + </p> + <p> + “I wished to be alone with you.” + </p> + <p> + “So did I; but the Greek seems to be in a great hurry, and he knows nearly + everything that I have to tell you.” + </p> + <p> + “Have you been gossiping then?” + </p> + <p> + “No—not exactly—but...” + </p> + <p> + “I always thought you were a man to be trusted.” + </p> + <p> + “So I was. But this Greek knows already a great deal of what I know, and + the rest...” + </p> + <p> + “Well?” + </p> + <p> + “The rest he got out of me, I hardly know how myself. If I did not wear + this amulet against an evil eye, I should have been obliged...” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, yes, I know the Athenian—I can forgive you. I should like him + to come with you this evening. But I see the sun is already high in the + heavens. I have no time to lose. Tell me in a few words what has + happened.” + </p> + <p> + “I thought this evening...” + </p> + <p> + “No, I must have at least a general idea of what has happened before I see + the Athenian. Be brief.” + </p> + <p> + “You have been robbed!” + </p> + <p> + “Is that all?” + </p> + <p> + “Is not that enough?” + </p> + <p> + “Answer me. Is that all?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes!” + </p> + <p> + “Then farewell.” + </p> + <p> + “But Nebenchari!” + </p> + <p> + The physician did not even hear this exclamation; the gates of the harem + had already closed behind him. + </p> + <p> + When the Pleiades had risen, Nebenchari was to be found seated alone in + one of the magnificent rooms assigned to his use on the eastern side of + the palace, near to Kassandane’s apartments. The friendly manner in which + he had welcomed his old servant had given place to the serious expression + which his face usually wore, and which had led the cheerful Persians to + call him a morose and gloomy man. + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari was an Egyptian priest through and through; a member of that + caste which never indulged in a jest, and never for a moment forgot to be + dignified and solemn before the public; but when among their relations and + their colleagues completely threw off this self-imposed restraint, and + gave way at times even to exuberant mirth. + </p> + <p> + Though he had known Phanes in Sais, he received him with cold politeness, + and, after the first greeting was ended, told Hib to leave them alone. + </p> + <p> + “I have come to you,” said the Athenian, “to speak about some very + important affairs.” + </p> + <p> + “With which I am already acquainted,” was the Egyptian’s curt reply. + </p> + <p> + “I am inclined to doubt that,” said Phanes with an incredulous smile. + </p> + <p> + “You have been driven out of Egypt, persecuted and insulted by Psamtik, + and you have come to Persia to enlist Cambyses as an instrument of revenge + against my country.” + </p> + <p> + “You are mistaken. I have nothing against your country, but all the more + against Amasis and his house. In Egypt the state and the king are one, as + you very well know.” + </p> + <p> + “On the contrary, my own observations have led me to think that the + priests considered themselves one with the state.” + </p> + <p> + “In that case you are better informed than I, who have always looked on + the kings of Egypt as absolute. So they are; but only in proportion as + they know how to emancipate themselves from the influence of your caste.—Amasis + himself submits to the priests now.” + </p> + <p> + “Strange intelligence!” + </p> + <p> + “With which, however, you have already long been made acquainted.” + </p> + <p> + “Is that your opinion?” + </p> + <p> + “Certainly it is. And I know with still greater certainty that once—you + hear me—once, he succeeded in bending the will of these rulers of + his to his own.” + </p> + <p> + “I very seldom hear news from home, and do not understand what you are + speaking of.” + </p> + <p> + “There I believe you, for if you knew what I meant and could stand there + quietly without clenching your fist, you would be no better than a dog who + only whimpers when he’s kicked and licks the hand that torments him.” + </p> + <p> + The physician turned pale. “I know that Amasis has injured and insulted + me,” he said, “but at the same time I must tell you that revenge is far + too sweet a morsel to be shared with a stranger.” + </p> + <p> + “Well said! As to my own revenge, however, I can only compare it to a + vineyard where the grapes are so plentiful, that I am not able to gather + them all myself.” + </p> + <p> + “And you have come hither to hire good laborers.” + </p> + <p> + “Quite right, and I do not even yet give up the hope of securing you to + take a share in my vintage.” + </p> + <p> + “You are mistaken. My work is already done. The gods themselves have taken + it in hand. Amasis has been severely enough punished for banishing me from + country, friends and pupils into this unclean land.” + </p> + <p> + “You mean by his blindness perhaps?” + </p> + <p> + “Possibly.” + </p> + <p> + “Then you have not heard that Petammon, one of your colleagues, has + succeeded in cutting the skin, which covered the pupil of the eye and so + restoring Amasis’ sight?” + </p> + <p> + The Egyptian started and ground his teeth; recovered his presence of mind, + however, in a moment, and answered: “Then the gods have punished the + father through the children.” + </p> + <p> + “In what way? Psamtik suits his father’s present mood very well. It is + true that Tachot is ill, but she prays and sacrifices with her father all + the more for that; and as to Nitetis, you and I both know that her death + will not touch him very closely.” + </p> + <p> + “I really do not understand you.” + </p> + <p> + “Of course not, so long as you fancy that I believe your beautiful patient + to be Amasis’ daughter.” + </p> + <p> + The Egyptian started again, but Phanes went on without appearing to notice + his emotion: “I know more than you suppose. Nitetis is the daughter of + Hophra, Amasis’ dethroned predecessor. Amasis brought her up as his own + child-first, in order to make the Egyptians believe that Hophra had died + childless; secondly, in order to deprive her of her rights to the throne; + for you know women are allowed to govern on the Nile.” + </p> + <p> + “These are mere suppositions.” + </p> + <p> + “For which, however, I can bring irrefragable proofs. Among the papers + which your old servant Hib brought with him in a small box, there must be + some letters from a certain Sonnophre, a celebrated accoucheur, your own + father, which...” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [To judge from the pictures on the monuments and from the 1st Chap. + of Exodus, it would seem that in ancient, as in modern Egypt, + midwives were usually called in to assist at the birth of children; + but it is also certain, that in difficult cases physicians were + employed also. In the hieratic medical papyrus in Berlin, women are + often spoken of as assisting at such times. In the medical Papyrus + Ebers certain portions are devoted to diseases peculiar to women. + “There were special rooms set aside in private houses for the birth + of children, as symbolical ones were reserved in the temples. These + chambers were called meschen, and from them was derived the name + given to midwives, to meschennu.] +</pre> + <p> + “If that be the case, those letters are my property, and I have not the + slightest intention of giving them up; besides which you might search + Persia from one end to the other without finding any one who could + decipher my father’s writing.” + </p> + <p> + “Pardon me, if I point out one or two errors into which you have fallen. + First, this box is at present in my hands, and though I am generally + accustomed to respect the rights of property, I must assure you that, in + the present instance, I shall not return the box until its contents have + served my purpose. Secondly, the gods have so ordained, that just at this + moment there is a man in Babylon who can read every kind of writing known + to the Egyptian priests. Do you perhaps happen to know the name of + Onuphis?” + </p> + <p> + For the third time the Egyptian turned pale. “Are you certain,” he said, + “that this man is still among the living?” + </p> + <p> + “I spoke to him myself yesterday. He was formerly, you know, high-priest + at Heliopolis, and was initiated into all your mysteries there. My wise + countryman, Pythagoras of Samos, came to Egypt, and after submitting to + some of your ceremonies, was allowed to attend the lessons given in the + schools for priests. His remarkable talents won the love of the great + Onuphis and he taught him all the Egyptian mysteries, which Pythagoras + afterwards turned to account for the benefit of mankind. My delightful + friend Rhodopis and I are proud of having been his pupils. When the rest + of your caste heard that Onuphis had betrayed the sacred mysteries, the + ecclesiastical judges determined on his death. This was to be caused by a + poison extracted from peach-kernels. The condemned man, however, heard of + their machinations, and fled to Naukratis, where he found a safe asylum in + the house of Rhodopis, whom he had heard highly praised by Pythagoras, and + whose dwelling was rendered inviolable by the king’s letter. Here he met + Antimenidas the brother of the poet Alcarus of Lesbos, who, having been + banished by Pittakus, the wise ruler of Mitylene, had gone to Babylon, and + there taken service in the army of Nebuchadnezzar, the King of Assyria. + Antimenidas gave him letters to the Chaldians. Onuphis travelled to the + Euphrates, settled there, and was obliged to seek for some means of + earning his daily bread, as he had left Egypt a poor man. He is now + supporting himself in his old age, by the assistance which his superior + knowledge enables him to render the Chaldoeans in their astronomical + observations from the tower of Bel. Onuphis is nearly eighty, but his mind + is as clear as ever, and when I saw him yesterday and asked him to help + me, his eyes brightened as he promised to do so. Your father was one of + his judges, but he bears you no malice and sends you a greeting.” + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari’s eyes were fixed thoughtfully on the ground during this tale. + When Phanes had finished, he gave him a penetrating look and said: “Where + are my papers?” + </p> + <p> + “They are in Onuphis’ hands. He is looking among them for the document I + want.” + </p> + <p> + “I expected to hear that. Be so good as to tell me what the box is like, + which Hib thought proper to bring over to Persia?” + </p> + <p> + “It is a small ebony trunk, with an exquisitely-carved lid. In the centre + is a winged beetle, and on the four corners...” + </p> + <p> + “That contains nothing but a few of my father’s notices and memorandums,” + said Nebenchari, drawing a deep breath of relief. + </p> + <p> + “They will very likely be sufficient for my purpose. I do not know whether + you have heard, that I stand as high as possible in Cambyses’ favor.” + </p> + <p> + “So much the better for you. I can assure you, however, that the paper. + which would have been most useful to you have all been left behind in + Egypt.” + </p> + <p> + “They were in a large chest made of sycamore-wood and painted in colors.” + </p> + <p> + “How do you know that?” + </p> + <p> + “Because—now listen well to what I am going to say, Nebenchari—because + I can tell you (I do not swear, for our great master Pythagoras forbade + oaths), that this very chest, with all it contained, was burnt in the + grove of the temple of Neith, in Sais, by order of the king.” + </p> + <p> + Phanes spoke slowly, emphasizing every syllable, and the words seemed to + strike the Egyptian like so many flashes of lightning. His quiet coolness + and deliberation gave way to violent emotion; his cheeks glowed and his + eyes flashed. But only for one single minute; then the strong emotion + seemed to freeze, his burning cheeks grew pale. “You are trying to make me + hate my friends, in order to gain me as your ally,” he said, coldly and + calmly. “I know you Greeks very well. You are so intriguing and artful, + that there is no lie, no fraud, too base, if it will only help to gain + your purpose.” + </p> + <p> + “You judge me and my countrymen in true Egyptian fashion; that is, they + are foreigners, and therefore must be bad men. But this time your + suspicions happen to be misplaced. Send for old Hib; he will tell you + whether I am right or not.” + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari’s face darkened, as Hib came into the room. + </p> + <p> + “Come nearer,” said he in a commanding tone to the old man. + </p> + <p> + Hib obeyed with a shrug of the shoulders. + </p> + <p> + “Tell me, have you taken a bribe from this man? Yes or no? I must know the + truth; it can influence my future for good or evil. You are an old and + faithful servant, to whom I owe a great deal, and so I will forgive you if + you were taken in by his artifices, but I must know the truth. I conjure + you to tell me by the souls of your fathers gone to Osiris!” + </p> + <p> + The old man’s sallow face turned ashy pale as he heard these words. He + gulped and wheezed some time before he could find an answer, and at last, + after choking down the tears which had forced their way to his eyes, said, + in a half-angry, half-whining tone: “Didn’t I say so? they’ve bewitched + him, they’ve ruined him in this wicked land. Whatever a man would do + himself, he thinks others are capable of. Aye, you may look as angry as + you like; it matters but little to me. What can it matter indeed to an old + man, who has served the same family faithfully and honestly for sixty + years, if they call him at last a rogue, a knave, a traitor, nay even a + murderer, if it should take their fancy.” + </p> + <p> + And the scalding tears flowed down over the old man’s cheeks, sorely + against his will. + </p> + <p> + The easily-moved Phanes clapped him on the shoulder and said, turning to + Nebenchari: “Hib is a faithful fellow. I give you leave to call me a + rascal, if he has taken one single obolus from me.” + </p> + <p> + The physician did not need Phanes’ assurance; he had known his old servant + too well and too long not to be able to read his simple, open features, on + which his innocence was written as clearly as in the pages of an open + book. “I did not mean to reproach you, old Hib,” he said kindly, coming up + to him. “How can any one be so angry at a simple question?” + </p> + <p> + “Perhaps you expect me to be pleased at such a shameful suspicion?” + </p> + <p> + “No, not that; but at all events now you can tell me what has happened at + our house since I left.” + </p> + <p> + “A pretty story that is! Why only to think of it makes my mouth as bitter, + as if I were chewing wormwood.” + </p> + <p> + “You said I had been robbed.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes indeed: no one was ever so robbed before. There would have been some + comfort if the knaves had belonged to the thieves’ caste, for then we + should have got the best part of our property back again, and should not + after all have been worse off than many another; but when...” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The cunning son of the architect, who robbed the treasure-house of + Rhampsinitus was, according to Herodotus, (II. 120), severely + punished; but in Diod. I. 80. we see that when thieves acknowledged + themselves to the authorities to be such, they were not punished, + though a strict watch was set over them. According to Diodorus, + there was a president of the thieves’ caste, from whom the stolen + goods could be reclaimed on relinquishment of a fourth part of the + same. This strange rule possibly owed its rise to the law, which + compelled every Egyptian to appear once in each year before the + authorities of his district and give an account of his means of + subsistence. Those who made false statements were punished with + death. Diod. I. 77. Thus no one who valued his life could escape + the watchful eye of the police, and the thief sacrificed the best + part of his gains in order to save his life.] +</pre> + <p> + “Keep to the point, for my time is limited.” + </p> + <p> + “You need not tell me that; I see old Hib can’t do anything right here in + Persia. Well, be it so, you’re master; you must give orders; I am only the + servant, I must obey. I won’t forget it. Well, as I was saying, it was + just at the time when the great Persian embassy came over to Sais to fetch + Nitetis, and made everybody stare at them as if they were monsters or + prodigies, that this shameful thing happened. I was sitting on the + mosquito-tower just as the sun was setting, playing with my little + grandson, my Baner’s eldest boy—he’s a fine strapping little lad + now, wonderfully sharp and strong for his age. The rogue was just telling + me how his father, the Egyptians do that when their wives leave the + children too much alone—had hidden his mother’s shoes, and I was + laughing heartily, because my Baner won’t let any of the little ones live + with me, she always says I spoil them, and so I was glad she should have + the trick played her—when all of a sudden there was such a loud + knocking at the house-door, that I thought there must be a fire and let + the child drop off my lap. Down the stairs I ran, three steps at a time, + as fast as my long legs would carry me, and unbarred the door. Before I + had time to ask them what they wanted, a whole crowd of temple-servants + and policemen—there must have been at least fifteen of them—forced + their way into the house. Pichi,—you know, that impudent fellow from + the temple of Neith,—pushed me back, barred the door inside and told + the police to put me in fetters if I refused to obey him. Of course I got + angry and did not use very civil words to them—you know that’s my + way when I’m put out—and what does that bit of a fellow do—by + our god Thoth, the protector of knowledge who must know all, I’m speaking + the truth—but order them to bind my hands, forbid me—me, old + Hib—to speak, and then tell me that he had been told by the + high-priest to order me five-and-twenty strokes, if I refused to do his + bidding. He showed me the high-priest’s ring, and so I knew there was + nothing for it but to obey the villain, whether I would or no. And what + was his modest demand? Why, nothing less than to give him all the written + papers you had left behind. But old Hib is not quite so stupid as to let + himself be caught in that way, though some people, who ought to know + better, do fancy he can be bribed and is no better than the son of an ass. + What did I do then? I pretended to be quite crushed into submission by the + sight of the signet-ring, begged Pichi as politely as I could to unfasten + my hands, and told him I would fetch the keys. They loosened the cords, I + flew up the stairs five steps at a time, burst open the door of your + sleeping-room, pushed my little grandson, who was standing by it, into the + room and barred it within. Thanks to my long legs, the others were so far + behind that I had time to get hold of the black box which you had told me + to take so much care of, put it into the child’s arms, lift him through + the window on to the balcony which runs round the house towards the inner + court, and tell him to put it at once into the pigeon-house. Then I opened + the door as if nothing had happened, told Pichi the child had had a knife + in his mouth, and that that was the reason I had run upstairs in such a + hurry, and had put him out on the balcony to punish him. That brother of a + hippopotamus was easily taken in, and then he made me show him over the + house. First they found the great sycamore-chest which you had told me to + take great care of too, then the papyrus-rolls on your writing-table, and + so by degrees every written paper in the house. They made no distinction, + but put all together into the great chest and carried it downstairs; the + little black box, however, lay safe enough in the pigeon-house. My + grandchild is the sharpest boy in all Sais! + </p> + <p> + “When I saw them really carrying the chest downstairs, all the anger I’d + been trying so hard to keep down burst out again. I told the impudent + fellows I would accuse them before the magistrates, nay, even before the + king if necessary, and if those confounded Persians, who were having the + city shown them, had not come up just then and made everybody stare at + them, I could have roused the crowd to take my side. The same evening I + went to my son-in-law-he is employed in the temple of Neith too, you know,—and + begged him to make every effort to find out what had become of the papers. + The good fellow has never forgotten the handsome dowry you gave my Baner + when he married her, and in three days he came and told me he had seen + your beautiful chest and all the rolls it contained burnt to ashes. I was + so angry that I fell ill of the jaundice, but that did not hinder me from + sending in a written accusation to the magistrates. The wretches,—I + suppose only because they were priests too,—refused to take any + notice of me or my complaint. Then I sent in a petition to the king, and + was turned away there too with the shameful threat, that I should be + considered guilty of high treason if I mentioned the papers again. I + valued my tongue too much to take any further steps, but the ground burnt + under my feet; I could not stay in Egypt, I wanted to see you, tell you + what they had done to you, and call on you, who are more powerful than + your poor servant, to revenge yourself. And besides, I wanted to see the + black box safe in your hands, lest they should take that from me too. And + so, old man as I am, with a sad heart I left my home and my grandchildren + to go forth into this foreign Typhon’s land. Ah, the little lad was too + sharp! As I was kissing him, he said: ‘Stay with us, grandfather. If the + foreigners make you unclean, they won’t let me kiss you any more.’ Baner + sends you a hearty greeting, and my son-in-law told me to say he had found + out that Psamtik, the crown-prince, and your rival, Petammon, had been the + sole causes of this execrable deed. I could not make up my mind to trust + myself on that Typhon’s sea, so I travelled with an Arabian trading + caravan as far as Tadmor,—[Palmyra]—the Phoenician palm-tree + station in the wilderness, and then on to Carchemish, on the Euphrates, + with merchants from Sidon. The roads from Sardis and from Phoenicia meet + there, and, as I was sitting very weary in the little wood before the + station, a traveller arrived with the royal post-horses, and I saw at once + that it was the former commander of the Greek mercenaries.” + </p> + <p> + “And I,” interrupted Phanes, “recognized just as soon in you, the longest + and most quarrelsome old fellow that had ever come across my path. Oh, how + often I’ve laughed to see you scolding the children, as they ran after you + in the street whenever you appeared behind your master with the + medicine-chest. The minute I saw you too I remembered a joke which the + king once made in his own way, as you were both passing by. ‘The old man,’ + he said, reminds me of a fierce old owl followed by a flight of small + teasing birds, and Nebenchari looks as if he had a scolding wife, who will + some day or other reward him for healing other people’s eyes by scratching + out his own!’” + </p> + <p> + “Shameful!” said the old man, and burst into a flood of execrations. + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari had been listening to his servant’s tale in silence and + thought. He had changed color from time to time and on hearing that the + papers which had cost him so many nights of hard work had been burnt, his + fists clenched and he shivered as if seized by biting frost. Not one of + his movements escaped the Athenian. He understood human nature; he knew + that a jest is often much harder to bear than a grave affront, and + therefore seized this opportunity to repeat the inconsiderate joke which + Amasis had, it is true, allowed himself to make in one of his merry moods. + Phanes had calculated rightly, and had the pleasure of seeing, that as he + uttered the last words Nebenchari pressed his hand on a rose which lay on + the table before him, and crushed it to pieces. The Greek suppressed a + smile of satisfaction, and did not even raise his eyes from the ground, + but continued speaking: “Well, now we must bring the travelling adventures + of good old Hib to a close. I invited him to share my carriage. At first + he refused to sit on the same cushion with such a godless foreigner, as I + am, gave in, however, at last, had a good opportunity at the last station + of showing the world how many clever processes of manipulation he had + learnt from you and your father, in his treatment of Oropastes’ wounded + brother; he reached Babylon at last safe and sound, and there, as we could + not get sight of you, owing to the melancholy poisoning of your + country-woman, I succeeded in obtaining him a lodging in the royal palace + itself. The rest you knew already.” + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari bowed assent and gave Hib a sign to leave the room, which the + old man obeyed, grumbling and scolding in a low tone as he departed. When + the door had closed on him, Nebenchari, the man whose calling was to heal, + drew nearer to the soldier Phanes, and said: “I am afraid we cannot be + allies after all, Greek.” + </p> + <p> + “Why not?” + </p> + <p> + “Because I fear, that your revenge will prove far too mild when compared + with that which I feel bound to inflict.” + </p> + <p> + “On that head there is no need for solicitude,” answered the Athenian. + “May I call you my ally then?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” answered the other; “but only on one condition.” + </p> + <p> + “And that is—?” + </p> + <p> + “That you will procure me an opportunity of seeing our vengeance with my + own eyes.” + </p> + <p> + “That is as much as to say you are willing to accompany Cambyses’ army to + Egypt?” + </p> + <p> + “Certainly I am; and when I see my enemies pining in disgrace and misery I + will cry unto them, ‘Ah ha, ye cowards, the poor despised and exiled + physician, Nebenchari, has brought this wretchedness upon you!’ Oh, my + books, my books! They made up to me for my lost wife and child. Hundreds + were to have learnt from them how to deliver the blind from the dark night + in which he lives, and to preserve to the seeing the sweetest gift of the + gods, the greatest beauty of the human countenance, the receptacle of + light, the seeing eye. Now that my books are burnt I have lived in vain; + the wretches have burnt me in burning my works. O my books, my books!” And + he sobbed aloud in his agony. Phanes came up and took his band, saying: + “The Egyptians have struck you, my friend, but me they have maltreated and + abused—thieves have broken into your granaries, but my hearth and + home have been burnt to ashes by incendiaries. Do you know, man, what I + have had to suffer at their hands? In persecuting me, and driving me out + of Egypt, they only did what they had a right to do; by their law I was a + condemned man; and I could have forgiven all they did to me personally, + for I loved Amasis, as a man loves his friend. The wretch knew that, and + yet he suffered them to commit a monstrous, an incredible act—an act + that a man’s brain refuses to take in. They stole like wolves by night + into a helpless woman’s house—they seized my children, a girl and + boy, the pride, the joy and comfort of my homeless, wandering life. And + how think you, did they treat them? The girl they kept in confinement, on + the pretext that by so doing they should prevent me from betraying Egypt + to Cambyses. But the boy—my beautiful, gentle boy—my only son—has + been murdered by Psamtik’s orders, and possibly with the knowledge of + Amasis. My heart was withered and shrunk with exile and sorrow, but I feel + that it expands—it beats more joyfully now that there is a hope of + vengeance.” + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari’s sullen but burning glance met the flashing eye of the + Athenian as he finished his tale; he gave him his hand and said: “We are + allies.” + </p> + <p> + The Greek clasped the offered hand and answered: “Our first point now is + to make sure of the king’s favor.” + </p> + <p> + “I will restore Kassandane’s sight.” + </p> + <p> + “Is that in your power?” + </p> + <p> + “The operation which removed Amasis’ blindness was my own discovery. + Petammon stole it from my burnt papers.” + </p> + <p> + “Why did you not exert your skill earlier?” + </p> + <p> + “Because I am not accustomed to bestow presents on my enemies.” + </p> + <p> + Phanes shuddered slightly at these words, recovered himself, however, in a + moment, and said: “And I am certain of the king’s favor too. The + Massagetan envoys have gone home to-day; peace has been granted them + and....” + </p> + <p> + While he was speaking the door was burst open and one of Kassandane’s + eunuchs rushed into the room crying: “The Princess Nitetis is dying! + Follow me at once, there is not a moment to lose.” + </p> + <p> + The physician made a parting sign to his confederate, and followed the + eunuch to the dying-bed of the royal bride. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0024" id="link2HCH0024"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER VIII. + </h2> + <p> + The sun was already trying to break a path for his rays through the thick + curtains, that closed the window of the sick-room, but Nebenchari had not + moved from the Egyptian girl’s bedside. Sometimes he felt her pulse, or + spread sweet-scented ointments on her forehead or chest, and then he would + sit gazing dreamily into vacancy. Nitetis seemed to have sunk into a deep + sleep after an attack of convulsions. At the foot of her bed stood six + Persian doctors, murmuring incantations under the orders of Nebenchari, + whose superior science they acknowledged, and who was seated at the bed’s + head. + </p> + <p> + Every time he felt the sick girl’s pulse he shrugged his shoulders, and + the gesture was immediately imitated by his Persian colleagues. From time + to time the curtain was lifted and a lovely head appeared, whose + questioning blue eyes fixed at once on the physician, but were always + dismissed with the same melancholy shrug. It was Atossa. Twice she had + ventured into the room, stepping so lightly as hardly to touch the thick + carpet of Milesian wool, had stolen to her friend’s bedside and lightly + kissed her forehead, on which the pearly dew of death was standing, but + each time a severe and reproving glance from Nebenchari had sent her back + again into the next room, where her mother Kassandane was lying, awaiting + the end. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses had left the sick-room at sunrise, on seeing that Nitetis had + fallen asleep; he flung himself on to his horse, and accompanied by + Phanes, Prexaspes, Otanes, Darius, and a number of courtiers, only just + aroused from their sleep, took a wild ride through the game-park. He knew + by experience, that he could best overcome or forget any violent mental + emotion when mounted on an unmanageable horse. + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari started on hearing the sound of horses’ hoofs in the distance. + In a waking dream he had seen Cambyses enter his native land at the head + of immense hosts; he had seen its cities and temples on fire, and its + gigantic pyramids crumbling to pieces under the powerful blows of his + mighty hand. Women and children lay in the smouldering ruins, and + plaintive cries arose from the tombs in which the very mummies moved like + living beings; and all these-priests, warriors, women, and children—the + living and the dead—all had uttered his,—Nebenchari’s,—name, + and had cursed him as a traitor to his country. A cold shiver struck to + his heart; it beat more convulsively than the blood in the veins of the + dying girl at his side. Again the curtain was raised; Atossa stole in once + more and laid her hand on his shoulder. He started and awoke. Nebenchari + had been sitting three days and nights with scarcely any intermission by + this sick-bed, and such dreams were the natural consequence. + </p> + <p> + Atossa slipped back to her mother. Not a sound broke the sultry air of the + sick-room, and Nebenchiari’s thoughts reverted to his dream. He told + himself that he was on the point of becoming a traitor and a criminal, the + visions he had just beheld passed before him again, but this time it was + another, and a different one which gained the foremost place. The forms of + Amasis, who had laughed at and exiled him,—of Psamtik and the + priests,—who had burnt his works,—stood near him; they were + heavily fettered and besought mercy at his hands. His lips moved, but this + was not the place in which to utter the cruel words which rose to them. + And then the stern man wiped away a tear as he remembered the long nights, + in which he had sat with the reed in his hand, by the dull light of the + lamp, carefully painting every sign of the fine hieratic character in + which he committed his ideas and experience to writing. He had discovered + remedies for many diseases of the eye, spoken of in the sacred books of + Thoth and the writings of a famous old physician of Byblos as incurable, + but, knowing that he should be accused of sacrilege by his colleagues, if + he ventured on a correction or improvement of the sacred writings, he had + entitled his work, “Additional writings on the treatment of diseases of + the eye, by the great god Thoth, newly discovered by the oculist + Nebenchari.” + </p> + <p> + He had resolved on bequeathing his works to the library at Thebes, that + his experience might be useful to his successors and bring forth fruit for + the whole body of sufferers. This was to be his reward for the long nights + which he had sacrificed to science—recognition after death, and fame + for the caste to which he belonged. And there stood his old rival + Petammon, by the side of the crown-prince in the grove of Neith, and + stirred the consuming fire, after having stolen his discovery of the + operation of couching. Their malicious faces were tinged by the red glow + of the flames, which rose with their spiteful laughter towards heaven, as + if demanding vengeance. A little further off he saw in his dream Amasis + receiving his father’s letters from the hands of the high-priest. Scornful + and mocking words were being uttered by the king; Neithotep looked + exultant.—In these visions Nebenchari was so lost, that one of the + Persian doctors was obliged to point out to him that his patient was + awake. He nodded in reply, pointing to his own weary eyes with a smile, + felt the sick girl’s pulse, and asked her in Egyptian how she had slept. + </p> + <p> + “I do not know,” she answered, in a voice that was hardly audible. “It + seemed to me that I was asleep, and yet I saw and heard everything that + had happened in the room. I felt so weak that I hardly knew whether I was + awake or asleep. Has not Atossa been here several times?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes.” + </p> + <p> + “And Cambyses stayed with Kassandane until sunrise; then he went out, + mounted his horse Reksch, and rode into the game-park.” + </p> + <p> + “How do you know that?” + </p> + <p> + “I saw it.” + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari looked anxiously into the girl’s shining eyes. She went on: “A + great many dogs have been brought into the court behind this house.” + </p> + <p> + “Probably the king has ordered a hunt, in order to deaden the pain which + he feels at seeing you suffer.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, no. I know better what it means. Oropastes taught me, that whenever a + Persian dies dogs’ are brought in, that the Divs may enter into them.” + </p> + <p> + “But you are living, my mistress, and...” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, I know very well that I shall die. I knew that I had not many hours + more to live, even if I had not seen how you and the other physicians + shrugged your shoulders whenever you looked at me. That poison is deadly.” + </p> + <p> + “You are speaking too much, my mistress, it will hurt you.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh let me speak, Nebenchari! I must ask you to do something for me before + I die.” + </p> + <p> + “I am your servant.” + </p> + <p> + “No, Nebenchari, you must be my friend and priest. You are not angry with + me for having prayed to the Persian gods? Our own Hathor was always my + best friend still. Yes, I see by your face that you forgiven me. Then you + must promise not to allow my corpse to be torn in pieces by dogs and + vultures. The thought is so very dreadful. You will promise to embalm my + body and ornament it with amulets?” + </p> + <p> + “If the king allows.” + </p> + <p> + “Of course he will. How could Cambyses possibly refuse my last request?” + </p> + <p> + “Then my skill is at your service.” + </p> + <p> + “Thank you; but I have still something else to ask.” + </p> + <p> + “You must be brief. My Persian colleagues are already making signs to me, + to enjoin silence on you.” + </p> + <p> + “Can’t you send them away for a moment?” + </p> + <p> + “I will try to do so.” + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari then went up and spoke to the Magi for a few minutes, and they + left the room. An important incantation, at which no one but the two + concerned might be present, and the application of a new and secret + antidotal poison were the pretexts which he had used in order to get rid + of them. + </p> + <p> + When they were alone, Nitetis drew a breath of relief and said: “Give me + your priestly blessing on my long journey into the nether world, and + prepare me for my pilgrimage to Osiris.” + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari knelt down by her bed and in a low voice repeated hymns, + Nitetis making devotional responses. + </p> + <p> + The physician represented Osiris, the lord of the nether world—Nitetis + the soul, justifying itself before him. + </p> + <p> + When these ceremonies were ended the sick girl breathed more freely. + Nebenchari could not but feel moved in looking at this young suicide. He + felt confident that he had saved a soul for the gods of his native land, + had cheered the last sad and painful hours of one of God’s good creatures. + During these last moments, compassion and benevolence had excluded every + bitter feeling; but when he remembered that this lovely creature owed all + her misery to Amasis too, the old black cloud of thought darkened his mind + again.—Nitetis, after lying silent for some time, turned to her new + friend with a pleasant smile, and said: “I shall find mercy with the + judges of the dead now, shall not I?” + </p> + <p> + “I hope and believe so.” + </p> + <p> + “Perhaps I may find Tachot before the throne of Osiris, and my father....” + </p> + <p> + “Your father and mother are waiting for you there. Now in your last hour + bless those who begot you, and curse those who have robbed you of your + parents, your crown and your life.” + </p> + <p> + “I do not understand you.” + </p> + <p> + “Curse those who robbed you of your parents, crown and life, girl!” cried + the physician again, rising to his full height, breathing hard as he said + the words, and gazing down on the dying girl. “Curse those wretches, girl! + that curse will do more in gaining mercy from the judges of the dead, than + thousands of good works!” And as he said this he seized her hand and + pressed it violently. + </p> + <p> + Nitetis looked up uneasily into his indignant face, and stammered in blind + obedience, “I curse those who robbed my parents of their throne and + lives!” + </p> + <p> + “Those who robbed my parents of their throne and their lives,” she + repeated after him, and then crying, “Oh, my heart!” sank back exhausted + on the bed. + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari bent down, and before the royal physicians could return, kissed + her forehead gently, murmuring: “She dies my confederate. The gods hearken + to the prayers of those who die innocent. By carrying the sword into + Egypt, I shall avenge king Hophra’s wrongs as well as my own.” + </p> + <p> + When Nitetis opened her eyes once more, a few hours later, Kassandane was + holding her right hand, Atossa kneeling at her feet, and Croesus standing + at the head of her bed, trying, with the failing strength of old age, to + support the gigantic frame of the king, who was so completely overpowered + by his grief, that he staggered like a drunken man. The dying girl’s eyes + lighted up as she looked round on this circle. She was wonderfully + beautiful. Cambyses came closer and kissed her lips; they were growing + cold in death. It was the first kiss he had ever given her, and the last. + Two large tears sprang to her eyes; their light was fast growing dim; she + murmured Cambyses’ name softly, fell back in Atossa’s arms, and died. + </p> + <p> + We shall not give a detailed account of the next few hours: it would be an + unpleasant task to describe how, at a signal from the principal Persian + doctor, every one, except Nebenchari and Croesus, hastily left the room; + how dogs were brought in and their sagacious heads turned towards the + corpse in order to scare the demon of death;—how, directly after + Nitetis’ death, Kassandane, Atossa and their entire retinue moved into + another house in order to avoid defilement;—how fire was + extinguished throughout the dwelling, that the pure element might be + removed from the polluting spirits of death;—how spells and + exorcisms were muttered, and how every person and thing, which had + approached or been brought into contact with the dead body, was subjected + to numerous purifications with water and pungent fluids. + </p> + <p> + The same evening Cambyses was seized by one of his old epileptic attacks. + Two days later he gave Nebenchari permission to embalm Nitetis’ body in + the Egyptian manner, according to her last wish. The king gave way to the + most immoderate grief; he tore the flesh of his arms, rent his clothes and + strewed ashes on his head, and on his couch. All the magnates of his court + were obliged to follow his example. The troops mounted guard with rent + banners and muffled drums. The cymbals and kettle-drums of the “Immortals” + were bound round with crape. The horses which Nitetis had used, as well as + all which were then in use by the court, were colored blue and deprived of + their tails; the entire court appeared in mourning robes of dark brown, + rent to the girdle, and the Magi were compelled to pray three days and + nights unceasingly for the soul of the dead, which was supposed to be + awaiting its sentence for eternity at the bridge Chinvat on the third + night. + </p> + <p> + Neither the king, Kassandane, nor Atossa shrank from submitting to the + necessary purifications; they repeated, as if for one of their nearest + relations, thirty prayers for the dead, while, in a house outside the city + gates Nebenchari began to embalm her body in the most costly manner, and + according to the strictest rules of his art. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Embalming was practised in three different ways. The first cost a + talent of silver (L225.); the second 20 Minae (L60.) and the third + was very inexpensive. Herod. II. 86-88. Diod. I. 9. The brain + was first drawn out through the nose and the skull filled with + spices. The intestines were then taken out, and the body filled in + like manner with aromatic spices. When all was finished, the corpse + was left 70 days in a solution of soda, and then wrapped in bandages + of byssus spread over with gum. The microscopical examinations of + mummy-bandages made by Dr. Ure and Prof. Czermak have proved that + byssus is linen, not cotton. The manner of embalming just described + is the most expensive, and the latest chemical researches prove that + the description given of it by the Greeks was tolerably correct. L. + Penicher maintains that the bodies were first somewhat dried in + ovens, and that then resin of the cedar-tree, or asphalte, was + poured into every opening. According to Herodotus, female corpses + were embalmed by women. Herod. II. 89. The subject is treated in + great detail by Pettigrew, History of Egyptian Mummies. London. + 1834. Czermak’s microscopical examinations of Egyptian mummies show + how marvellously the smallest portions of the bodies were preserved, + and confirm the statements of Herodotus on many points. The + monuments also contain much information in regard to embalming, and + we now know the purpose of nearly all the amulets placed with the + dead.] +</pre> + <p> + For nine days Cambyses remained in a condition, which seemed little short + of insanity. At times furious, at others dull and stupefied, he did not + even allow his relations or the high-priest to approach him. On the + morning of the tenth day he sent for the chief of the seven judges and + commanded, that as lenient a sentence as possible should be pronounced on + Gaumata. Nitetis, on her dying-bed, had begged him to spare the life of + this unhappy youth. + </p> + <p> + One hour later the sentence was submitted to the king for ratification. It + ran thus: “Victory to the king! Inasmuch as Cambyses, the eye of the world + and the sun of righteousness, hath, in his great mercy, which is as broad + as the heavens and as inexhaustible as the great deep, commanded us to + punish the crime of the son of the Magi, Gaumata, with the indulgence of a + mother instead of with the severity of a judge, we, the seven judges of + the realm, have determined to grant his forfeited life. Inasmuch, however, + as by the folly of this youth the lives of the noblest and best in this + realm have been imperilled, and it may reasonably be apprehended that he + may again abuse the marvellous likeness to Bartja, the noble son of Cyrus, + in which the gods have been pleased in their mercy to fashion his form and + face, and thereby bring prejudice upon the pure and righteous, we have + determined to disfigure him in such wise, that in the time to come it will + be a light matter to discern between this, the most worthless subject of + the realm, and him who is most worthy. We therefore, by the royal Will and + command, pronounce sentence, that both the ears of Gaumata be cut off, for + the honor of the righteous and shame of the impure.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses confirmed this sentence at once, and it was executed the same + day. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [With reference to Gaumata’s punishment, the same which Herodotus + says was inflicted on the pretended Smerdis, we would observe that + even Persians of high rank were sometimes deprived of their ears. + In the Behistan inscription (Spiegel p. 15 and 21.) the ears, tongue + and nose of the man highest in rank among the rebels, were cut off. + Similar punishments are quoted by Brisson.] +</pre> + <p> + Oropastes did not dare to intercede for his brother, though this + ignominious punishment mortified his ambitious mind more than even a + sentence of death could have done. As he was afraid that his own influence + and consideration might suffer through this mutilated brother, he ordered + him to leave Babylon at once for a country-house of his own on Mount + Arakadris. + </p> + <p> + During the few days which had just passed, a shabbily-dressed and + closely-veiled woman had watched day and night at the great gate of the + palace; neither the threats of the sentries nor the coarse jests of the + palace-servants could drive her from her post. She never allowed one of + the less important officials to pass without eagerly questioning him, + first as to the state of the Egyptian Princess, and then what had become + of Gaumata. When his sentence was told her as a good joke by a chattering + lamp-lighter, she went off into the strangest excitement, and astonished + the poor man so much by kissing his robe, that he thought she must be + crazed, and gave her an alms. She refused the money, but remained at her + post, subsisting on the bread which was given her by the compassionate + distributors of food. Three days later Gaumata himself, with his head + bound up, was driven out in a closed harmamaxa. She rushed to the carriage + and ran screaming by the side of it, until the driver stopped his mules + and asked what she wanted. She threw back her veil and showed the poor, + suffering youth her pretty face covered with deep blushes. Gaumata uttered + a low cry as he recognized her, collected himself, however, in a moment, + and said: “What do you want with me, Mandane?” + </p> + <p> + The wretched girl raised her hands beseechingly to him, crying: “Oh, do + not leave me, Gaumata! Take me with you! I forgive you all the misery you + have brought on me and my poor mistress. I love you so much, I will take + care of you and nurse you as if I were the lowest servant-girl.” + </p> + <p> + A short struggle passed in Gaumata’s mind. He was just going to open the + carriage-door and clasp Mandane-his earliest love-in his arms, when the + sound of horses’ hoofs coming nearer struck on his ear, and looking round + he saw, a carriage full of Magi, among whom were several who had been his + companions at the school for priests. He felt ashamed and afraid of being + seen by the very youths, whom he had often treated proudly and haughtily + because he was the brother of the high-priest, threw Mandane a purse of + gold, which his brother had given him at parting, and ordered the driver + to go on as fast as possible. The mules galloped off. Mandane kicked the + purse away, rushed after the carriage and clung to it firmly. One of the + wheels caught her dress and dragged her down. With the strength of despair + she sprang up, ran after the mules, overtook them on a slight ascent which + had lessened their speed, and seized the reins. The driver used his + three-lashed whip, or scourge, the creatures reared, pulled the girl down + and rushed on. Her last cry of agony pierced the wounds of the mutilated + man like a sharp lance-thrust. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ..................... +</pre> + <p> + On the twelfth day after Nitetis’ death Cambyses went out hunting, in the + hope that the danger and excitement of the sport might divert his mind. + The magnates and men of high rank at his court received him with thunders + of applause, for which he returned cordial thanks. These few days of grief + had worked a great change in a man so unaccustomed to suffering as + Cambyses. His face was pale, his raven-black hair and beard had grown + grey, and the consciousness of victory which usually shone in his eyes was + dimmed. Had he not, only too painfully, experienced that there was a + stronger will than his own, and that, easily as he could destroy, it did + not be in his power to preserve the life of the meanest creature? Before + starting, Cambyses mustered his troop of sportsmen, and calling Gobryas, + asked why Phanes was not there. + </p> + <p> + “My King did not order...” + </p> + <p> + “He is my guest and companion, once for all; call him and follow us.” + </p> + <p> + Gobryas bowed, dashed back to the palace, and in half an hour reappeared + among the royal retinue with Phanes. + </p> + <p> + The Athenian was warmly welcomed by many of the group, a fact which seems + strange when we remember that courtiers are of all men the most prone to + envy, and a royal favorite always the most likely object to excite their + ill will. But Phanes seemed a rare exception to this rule. He had met the + Achaemenidae in so frank and winning a manner, had excited so many hopes + by the hints he had thrown out of an expected and important war, and had + aroused so much merriment by well-told jests, such as the Persians had + never heard before, that there were very few who did not welcome his + appearance gladly, and when—in company with the king—he + separated from the rest in chase of a wild ass, they openly confessed to + one another, that they had never before seen so perfect a man. The clever + way in which he had brought the innocence of the accused to light, the + finesse which he had shown in securing the king’s favor, and the ease with + which he had learnt the Persian language in so short a time, were all + subjects of admiration. Neither was there one even of the Achaemenidae + themselves, who exceeded him in beauty of face or symmetry of figure. In + the chase he proved himself a perfect horseman, and in a conflict with a + bear an exceptionally courageous and skilful sportsman. On the way home, + as the courtiers were extolling all the wonderful qualities possessed by + the king’s favorite, old Araspes exclaimed, “I quite agree with you that + this Greek, who by the way has proved himself a better soldier than + anything else, is no common man, but I am sure you would not praise him + half as much, if he were not a foreigner and a novelty.” + </p> + <p> + Phanes happened to be only separated from the speaker by some thick + bushes, and heard these words. When the other had finished, he went up and + said, smiling: “I understood what you said and feel obliged to you for + your kind opinion. The last sentence, however, gave me even more pleasure + than the first, because it confirmed my own idea that the Persians are the + most generous people in the world—they praise the virtues of other + nations as much, or even more, than their own.” + </p> + <p> + His hearers smiled, well pleased at this flattering remark, and Phanes + went on: “How different the Jews are now, for instance! They fancy + themselves the exclusive favorites of the gods, and by so doing incur the + contempt of all wise men, and the hatred of the whole world. And then the + Egyptians! You have no idea of the perversity of that people. Why, if the + priests could have their way entirely, (and they have a great deal of + power in their hands) not a foreigner would be left alive in Egypt, nor a + single stranger allowed to enter the country. A true Egyptian would rather + starve, than eat out of the same dish with one of us. There are more + strange, astonishing and wonderful things to be seen in that country than + anywhere else in the world. And yet, to do it justice, I must say that + Egypt has been well spoken of as the richest and most highly cultivated + land under the sun. The man who possesses that kingdom need not envy the + very gods themselves. It would be mere child’s play to conquer that + beautiful country. Ten years there gave me a perfect insight into the + condition of things, and I know that their entire military caste would not + be sufficient to resist one such troop as your Immortals. Well, who knows + what the future may bring! Perhaps we may all make a little trip together + to the Nile some day. In my opinion, your good swords have been rather + long idle.” These well-calculated words were received with such shouts of + applause, that the king turned his horse to enquire the cause. Phanes + answered quickly that the Achaemenidae were rejoicing in the thought that + a war might possibly be near at hand. + </p> + <p> + “What war?” asked the king, with the first smile that had been seen on his + face for many days. + </p> + <p> + “We were only speaking in general of the possibility of such a thing,” + answered Phanes carelessly; then, riding up to the king’s side, his voice + took an impressive tone full of feeling, and looking earnestly into his + face, he began: “It is true, my Sovereign, that I was not born in this + beautiful country as one of your subjects, nor can I boast of a long + acquaintance with the most powerful of monarchs, but yet I cannot resist + the presumptuous, perhaps criminal thought, that the gods at my birth + appointed me to be your real friend. It is not your rich gifts that have + drawn me to you. I did not need them, for I belong to the wealthier class + of my countrymen, and I have no son,—no heir,—to whom I can + bequeath my treasures. Once I had a boy—a beautiful, gentle child;—but + I was not going to speak of that,—I... Are you offended at my + freedom of speech, my Sovereign?” + </p> + <p> + “What is there to offend me?” answered the king, who had never been spoken + to in this manner before, and felt strongly attracted to the original + foreigner. + </p> + <p> + “Till to-day I felt that your grief was too sacred to be disturbed, but + now the time has come to rouse you from it and to make your heart glow + once more. You will have to hear what must be very painful to you.” + </p> + <p> + “There is nothing more now, that can grieve me.” + </p> + <p> + “What I am going to tell you will not give you pain; on the contrary, it + will rouse your anger.” + </p> + <p> + “You make me curious.” + </p> + <p> + “You have been shamefully deceived; you and that lovely creature, who died + such an early death a few days ago.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses’ eyes flashed a demand for further information. + </p> + <p> + “Amasis, the King of Egypt, has dared to make sport of you, the lord of + the world. That gentle girl was not his daughter, though she herself + believed that she was; she...” + </p> + <p> + “Impossible!” + </p> + <p> + “It would seem so, and yet I am speaking the simple truth. Amasis spun a + web of lies, in which he managed to entrap, not only the whole world, but + you too, my Sovereign. Nitetis, the most lovely creature ever born of + woman, was the daughter of a king, but not of the usurper Amasis. Hophra, + the rightful king of Egypt, was the father of this pearl among women. You + may well frown, my Sovereign. It is a cruel thing to be betrayed by one’s + friends and allies.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses spurred his horse, and after a silence of some moments, kept by + Phanes purposely, that his words might make a deeper impression, cried, + “Tell me more! I wish to know everything.” + </p> + <p> + “Hophra had been living twenty years in easy captivity in Sais after his + dethronement, when his wife, who had borne him three children and buried + them all, felt that she was about to give birth to a fourth. Hophra, in + his joy, determined to offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving in the temple of + Pacht, the Egyptian goddess supposed to confer the blessing of children, + when, on his way thither, a former magnate of his court, named Patarbemis, + whom, in a fit of unjust anger, he had ignominiously mutilated, fell upon + him with a troop of slaves and massacred him. Amasis had the unhappy widow + brought to his palace at once, and assigned her an apartment next to the + one occupied by his own queen Ladice, who was also expecting soon to give + birth to a child. A girl was born to Hophra’s widow, but the mother died + in the same hour, and two days later Ladice bore a child also.—But I + see we are in the court of the palace. If you allow, I will have the + report of the physician, by whom this imposture was effected, read before + you. Several of his notes have, by a remarkable conjuncture of + circumstances, which I will explain to you later, fallen into my hands. A + former high-priest of Heliopolis, Onuphis, is now living in Babylon, and + understands all the different styles of writing in use among his + countrymen. Nebenchari will, of course, refuse to help in disclosing an + imposture, which must inevitably lead to the ruin of his country.” + </p> + <p> + “In an hour I expect to see you here with the man you have just spoken of. + Croesus, Nebenchari, and all the Achaemenidae who were in Egypt, will have + to appear also. I must have certainty before I can act, and your testimony + alone is not sufficient, because I know from Amasis, that you have cause + to feel a grudge against his house.” + </p> + <p> + At the time appointed all were assembled before the king in obedience to + his command. + </p> + <p> + Onuphis, the former high-priest, was an old man of eighty. A pair of + large, clear, intelligent, grey eyes looked out of a head so worn and + wasted, as to be more like a mere skull than the head of a living man. He + held a large papyrus-roll in his gaunt hand, and was seated in an easy + chair, as his paralyzed limbs did not allow of his standing, even in the + king’s presence. His dress was snow-white, as beseemed a priest, but there + were patches and rents to be seen here and there. His figure might perhaps + once have been tall and slender, but it was now so bent and shrunk by age, + privation and suffering, as to look unnatural and dwarfish, in comparison + with the size of his head. + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari, who revered Onuphis, not only as a high-priest deeply + initiated in the most solemn mysteries, but also on account of his great + age, stood by his side and arranged his cushions. At his left stood + Phanes, and then Croesus, Darius and Prexaspes. + </p> + <p> + The king sat upon his throne. His face was dark and stern as he broke the + silence with the following words:—“This noble Greek, who, I am + inclined to believe, is my friend, has brought me strange tidings. He says + that I have been basely deceived by Amasis, that my deceased wife was not + his, but his predecessor’s daughter.” + </p> + <p> + A murmur of astonishment ran through the assembly. “This old man is here + to prove the imposture.” Onuphis gave a sign of assent. + </p> + <p> + “Prexaspes, my first question is to you. When Nitetis was entrusted to + your care, was it expressly said that she was the daughter of Amasis?” + </p> + <p> + “Expressly. Nebenchari had, it is true, praised Tachot to the noble + Kassandane as the most beautiful of the twin sisters; but Amasis insisted + on sending Nitetis to Persia. I imagined that, by confiding his most + precious jewel to your care, he meant to put you under a special + obligation; and as it seemed to me that Nitetis surpassed her sister, not + only in beauty but in dignity of character, I ceased to sue for the hand + of Tachot. In his letter to you too, as you will remember, he spoke of + confiding to you his most beautiful, his dearest child.” + </p> + <p> + “Those were his words.” + </p> + <p> + “And Nitetis was, without question, the more beautiful and the nobler of + the two sisters,” said Croesus in confirmation of the envoy’s remark. “But + it certainly did strike me that Tachot was her royal parents’ favorite.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” said Darius, “without doubt. Once, at a revel, Amasis joked Bartja + in these words: ‘Don’t look too deep into Tachot’s eyes, for if you were a + god, I could not allow you to take her to Persia!’ Psamtik was evidently + annoyed at this remark and said to the king, ‘Father, remember Phanes.’” + </p> + <p> + “Phanes!” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, my Sovereign,” answered the Athenian. “Once, when he was + intoxicated, Amasis let out his secret to me, and Psamtik was warning him + not to forget himself a second time.” + </p> + <p> + “Tell the story as it occurred.” + </p> + <p> + “On my return from Cyprus to Sais as a conqueror, a great entertainment + was given at court. Amasis distinguished me in every way, as having won a + rich province for him, and even, to the dismay of his own countrymen, + embraced me. His affection increased with his intoxication, and at last, + as Psamtik and I were leading him to his private apartments, he stopped at + the door of his daughter’s room, and said: ‘The girls sleep there. If you + will put away your own wife, Athenian, I will give you Nitetis. I should + like to have you for a son-in-law. There’s a secret about that girl, + Phanes; she’s not my own child.’ Before his drunken father could say more, + Psamtik laid his hand before his mouth, and sent me roughly away to my + lodging, where I thought the matter over and conjectured what I now, from + reliable sources, know to be the truth. I entreat you, command this old + man to translate those parts of the physician Sonnophre’s journal, which + allude to this story.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses nodded his consent, and the old man began to read in a voice far + louder than any one could have supposed possible from his infirm + appearance “On the fifth day of the month Thoth, I was sent for by the + king. I had expected this, as the queen was near her confinement. With my + assistance she was easily and safely delivered of a child—a weakly + girl. As soon as the nurse had taken charge of this child, Amasis led me + behind a curtain which ran across his wife’s sleeping-apartment. There lay + another infant, which I recognized as the child of Hophra’s widow, who + herself had died under my hands on the third day of the same month. The + king then said, pointing to this strong child, ‘This little creature has + no parents, but, as it is written in the law that we are to show mercy to + the desolate orphans, Ladice and I have determined to bring her up as our + own daughter. We do not, however, wish that this deed should be made + known, either to the world or to the child herself, and I ask you to keep + the secret and spread a report that Ladice has given birth to twins. If + you accomplish this according to our wish, you shall receive to-day five + thousand rings of gold, and the fifth part of this sum yearly, during your + life. I made my obeisance in silence, ordered every one to leave the sick + room, and, when I again called them in, announced that Ladice had given + birth to a second girl. Amasis’ real child received the name of Tachot, + the spurious one was called Nitetis.” + </p> + <p> + At these words Cambyses rose from his seat, and strode through the hall; + but Onuphis continued, without allowing himself to be disturbed: “Sixth + day of the month Thoth. This morning I had just lain down to rest after + the fatigues of the night, when a servant appeared with the promised gold + and a letter from the king, asking me to procure a dead child, to be + buried with great ceremony as the deceased daughter of King Hophra. After + a great deal of trouble I succeeded, an hour ago, in obtaining one from a + poor girl who had given birth to a child secretly in the house of the old + woman, who lives at the entrance to the City of the Dead. The little one + had caused her shame and sorrow enough, but she would not be persuaded to + give up the body of her darling, until I promised that it should be + embalmed and buried in the most splendid manner. We put the little corpse + into my large medicine-chest, my son Nebenchari carried it this time + instead of my servant Hib, and so it was introduced into the room where + Hophra’s widow had died. The poor girl’s baby will receive a magnificent + funeral. I wish I might venture to tell her, what a glorious lot awaits + her darling after death. Nebenchari has just been sent for by the king.” + </p> + <p> + At the second mention of this name, Cambyses stopped in his walk, and + said: “Is our oculist Nebenchari the man whose name is mentioned in this + manuscript?” + </p> + <p> + “Nebenchari,” returned Phanes, “is the son of this very Sonnophre who + changed the children.” + </p> + <p> + The physician did not raise his eyes; his face was gloomy and sullen. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses took the roll of papyrus out of Onuphis’ band, looked at the + characters with which it was covered, shook his head, went up to + Nebenchari and said: + </p> + <p> + “Look at these characters and tell me if it is your father’s writing.” + </p> + <p> + Nebenchari fell on his knees and raised his hands. + </p> + <p> + “I ask, did your father paint these signs?” + </p> + <p> + “I do not know-whether... Indeed...” + </p> + <p> + “I will know the truth. Yes or no?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, my King; but...” + </p> + <p> + “Rise, and be assured of my favor. Faithfulness to his ruler is the + ornament of a subject; but do not forget that I am your king now. + Kassandane tells me, that you are going to undertake a delicate operation + to-morrow in order to restore her sight. Are you not venturing too much?” + </p> + <p> + “I can depend on my own skill, my Sovereign.” + </p> + <p> + “One more question. Did you know of this fraud?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes.” + </p> + <p> + “And you allowed me to remain in error?” + </p> + <p> + “I had been compelled to swear secrecy and an oath...” + </p> + <p> + “An oath is sacred. Gobryas, see that both these Egyptians receive a + portion from my table. Old man, you seem to require better food.” + </p> + <p> + “I need nothing beyond air to breathe, a morsel of bread and a draught of + water to preserve me from dying of hunger and thirst, a clean robe, that I + may be pleasing in the eyes of the gods and in my own, and a small chamber + for myself, that I may be a hindrance to no man. I have never been richer + than to-day.” + </p> + <p> + “How so?” + </p> + <p> + “I am about to give away a kingdom.” + </p> + <p> + “You speak in enigmas.” + </p> + <p> + “By my translation of to-day I have proved, that your deceased consort was + the child of Hophra. Now, our law allows the daughter of a king to succeed + to the throne, when there is neither son nor brother living; if she should + die childless, her husband becomes her legitimate successor. Amasis is a + usurper, but the throne of Egypt is the lawful birthright of Hophra and + his descendants. Psamtik forfeits every right to the crown the moment that + a brother, son, daughter or son-in-law of Hophra appears. I can, + therefore, salute my present sovereign as the future monarch of my own + beautiful native land.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses smiled self-complacently, and Onuphis went on: “I have read in + the stars too, that Psamtik’s ruin and your own accession to the throne of + Egypt have been fore-ordained.” + </p> + <p> + “We’ll show that the stars were right,” cried the king, “and as for you, + you liberal old fellow, I command you to ask me any wish you like.” + </p> + <p> + “Give me a conveyance, and let me follow your army to Egypt. I long to + close my eyes on the Nile.” + </p> + <p> + “Your wish is granted. Now, my friends, leave me, and see that all those + who usually eat at my table are present at this evening’s revel. We will + hold a council of war over the luscious wine. Methinks a campaign in Egypt + will pay better than a contest with the Massagetae.” + </p> + <p> + He was answered by a joyful shout of “Victory to the king!” They all then + left the hall, and Cambyses, summoning his dressers, proceeded for the + first time to exchange his mourning garments for the splendid royal robes. + </p> + <p> + Croesus and Phanes went into the green and pleasant garden lying on the + eastern side of the royal palace, which abounded in groves of trees, + shrubberies, fountains and flower-beds. Phanes was radiant with delight; + Croesus full of care and thought. + </p> + <p> + “Have you duly reflected,” said the latter, “on the burning brand that you + have just flung out into the world?” + </p> + <p> + “It is only children and fools that act without reflection,” was the + answer. + </p> + <p> + “You forget those who are deluded by passion.” + </p> + <p> + “I do not belong to that number.” + </p> + <p> + “And yet revenge is the most fearful of all the passions.” + </p> + <p> + “Only when it is practised in the heat of feeling. My revenge is as cool + as this piece of iron; but I know my duty.” + </p> + <p> + “The highest duty of a good man, is to subordinate his own welfare to that + of his country.” + </p> + <p> + “That I know.” + </p> + <p> + “You seem to forget, however, that with Egypt you are delivering your own + country over to the Persians.” + </p> + <p> + “I do not agree with you there.” + </p> + <p> + “Do you believe, that when all the rest of the Mediterranean coasts belong + to Persia, she will leave your beautiful Greece untouched?” + </p> + <p> + “Certainly not, but I know my own countrymen; I believe them fully capable + of a victorious resistance to the hosts of the barbarians, and am + confident that their courage and greatness will rise with the nearness of + the danger. It will unite our divided tribes into one great nation, and be + the ruin of the tyrants.” + </p> + <p> + “I cannot argue with you, for I am no longer acquainted with the state of + things in your native country, and besides, I believe you to be a wise man—not + one who would plunge a nation into ruin merely for the gratification of + his own ambition. It is a fearful thing that entire nations should have to + suffer for the guilt of one man, if that man be one who wears a crown. And + now, if my opinion is of any importance to you, tell me what the deed was + which has roused your desire of vengeance.” + </p> + <p> + “Listen then, and never try again to turn me from my purpose. You know the + heir to the Egyptian throne, and you know Rhodopis too. The former was, + for many reasons, my mortal enemy, the latter the friend of every Greek, + but mine especially. When I was obliged to leave Egypt, Psamtik threatened + me with his vengeance; your son Gyges saved my life. A few weeks later my + two children came to Naukratis, in order to follow me out to Sigeum. + Rhodopis took them kindly under her protection, but some wretch had + discovered the secret and betrayed it to the prince. The very next night + her house was surrounded and searched,—my children found and taken + captive. Amasis had meanwhile become blind, and allowed his miserable son + to do what he liked; the wretch dared to...” + </p> + <p> + “Kill your only son?” + </p> + <p> + “You have said it.” + </p> + <p> + “And your other child?” + </p> + <p> + “The girl is still in their hands.” + </p> + <p> + “They will do her an injury when they hear...” + </p> + <p> + “Let her die. Better go to one’s grave childless, than unrevenged.” + </p> + <p> + “I understand. I cannot blame you any longer. The boy’s blood must be + revenged.” + </p> + <p> + And so saying, the old man pressed the Athenian’s right hand. The latter + dried his tears, mastered his emotion, and cried: “Let us go to the + council of war now. No one can be so thankful for Psamtik’s infamous deeds + as Cambyses. That man with his hasty passions was never made to be a + prince of peace.” + </p> + <p> + “And yet it seems to me the highest duty of a king is to work for the + inner welfare of his kingdom. But human beings are strange creatures; they + praise their butchers more than their benefactors. How many poems have + been written on Achilles! but did any one ever dream of writing songs on + the wise government of Pittakus?” + </p> + <p> + “More courage is required to shed blood, than to plant trees.” + </p> + <p> + “But much more kindness and wisdom to heal wounds, than to make them.—I + have still one question which I should very much like to ask you, before + we go into the hall. Will Bartja be able to stay at Naukratis when Amasis + is aware of the king’s intentions?” + </p> + <p> + “Certainly not. I have prepared him for this, and advised his assuming a + disguise and a false name.” + </p> + <p> + “Did he agree?” + </p> + <p> + “He seemed willing to follow my advice.” + </p> + <p> + “But at all events it would be well to send a messenger to put him on his + guard.” + </p> + <p> + “We will ask the king’s permission.” + </p> + <p> + “Now we must go. I see the wagons containing the viands of the royal + household just driving away from the kitchen.” + </p> + <p> + “How many people are maintained from the king’s table daily?” + </p> + <p> + “About fifteen thousand.” + </p> + <p> + “Then the Persians may thank the gods, that their king only takes one meal + a day.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This immense royal household is said to have cost 400 talents, that + is (L90,000.) daily. Athenaus, Deipn. p. 607.] +</pre> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0025" id="link2HCH0025"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER IX. + </h2> + <p> + Six weeks after these events a little troop of horsemen might have been + seen riding towards the gates of Sardis. The horses and their riders were + covered with sweat and dust. The former knew that they were drawing near a + town, where there would be stables and mangers, and exerted all their + remaining powers; but yet their pace did not seem nearly fast enough to + satisfy the impatience of two men, dressed in Persian costume, who rode at + the head of the troop. + </p> + <p> + The well-kept royal road ran through fields of good black, arable land, + planted with trees of many different kinds. It crossed the outlying spurs + of the Tmolus range of mountains. At their foot stretched rows of olive, + citron and plane-trees, plantations of mulberries and vines; at a higher + level grew firs, cypresses and nut-tree copses. Fig-trees and date-palms, + covered with fruit, stood sprinkled over the fields; and the woods and + meadows were carpeted with brightly-colored and sweetly-scented flowers. + The road led over ravines and brooks, now half dried up by the heat of + summer, and here and there the traveller came upon a well at the side of + the road, carefully enclosed, with seats for the weary, and sheltering + shrubs. Oleanders bloomed in the more damp and shady places; slender palms + waved wherever the sun was hottest. Over this rich landscape hung a deep + blue, perfectly cloudless sky, bounded on its southern horizon by the + snowy peaks of the Tmolus mountains, and on the west by the Sipylus range + of hills, which gave a bluish shimmer in the distance. + </p> + <p> + The road went down into the valley, passing through a little wood of + birches, the stems of which, up to the very tree-top, were twined with + vines covered with bunches of grapes. + </p> + <p> + The horsemen stopped at a bend in the road, for there, before them, in the + celebrated valley of the Hermus, lay the golden Sardis, formerly the + capital of the Lydian kingdom and residence of its king, Croesus. + </p> + <p> + Above the reed-thatched roofs of its numerous houses rose a black, steep + rock; the white marble buildings on its summit could be seen from a great + distance. These buildings formed the citadel, round the threefold walls of + which, many centuries before, King Meles had carried a lion in order to + render them impregnable. On its southern side the citadel-rock was not so + steep, and houses had been built upon it. Croesus’ former palace lay to + the north, on the golden-sanded Pactolus. This reddish-colored river + flowed above the market-place, (which, to our admiring travellers, looked + like a barren spot in the midst of a blooming meadow), ran on in a + westerly direction, and then entered a narrow mountain valley, where it + washed the walls of the temple of Cybele. + </p> + <p> + Large gardens stretched away towards the east, and in the midst of them + lay the lake Gygaeus, covered with gay boats and snowy swans, and + sparkling like a mirror. + </p> + <p> + A short distance from the lake were a great number of artificial mounds, + three of which were especially noticeable from their size and height. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [See also Hamilton’s Asia Minor, I. P. 145. Herodotus (I. 93.) + calls the tombs of the Lydian kings the largest works of human + hands, next to the Egyptian and Babylonian. These cone-shaped hills + can be seen to this day, standing near the ruins of Sardis, not far + from the lake of Gygaea. Hamilton (Asia Minor, I. p. i) counted + some sixty of them, and could not ride round the hill of Alayattes + in less than ten minutes. Prokesch saw 100 such tumuli. The + largest, tomb of Alyattes, still measures 3400 feet in + circumference, and the length of its slope is 650 feet. According + to Prokesch, gigantic Phallus columns lie on some of these graves.] +</pre> + <p> + “What can those strange-looking earth-heaps mean?” said Darius, the leader + of the troop, to Prexaspes, Cambyses’ envoy, who rode at his side. + </p> + <p> + “They are the graves of former Lydian kings,” was the answer. “The middle + one is in memory of the princely pair Panthea and Abradatas, and the + largest, that one to the left, was erected to the father of Croesus, + Alyattes. It was raised by the tradesmen, mechanics, and girls, to their + late king, and on the five columns, which stand on its summit, you can + read how much each of these classes contributed to the work. The girls + were the most industrious. Gyges’ grandfather is said to have been their + especial friend.” + </p> + <p> + “Then the grandson must have degenerated very much from the old stock.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, and that seems the more remarkable, because Croesus himself in his + youth was by no means averse to women, and the Lydians generally are + devoted to such pleasures. You see the white walls of that temple yonder + in the midst of its sacred grove. That is the temple of the goddess of + Sardis, Cybele or Ma, as they call her. In that grove there is many a + sheltered spot where the young people of Sardis meet, as they say, in + honor of their goddess.” + </p> + <p> + “Just as in Babylon, at the festival of Mylitta.” + </p> + <p> + “There is the same custom too on the coast of Cyprus. When I landed there + on the way back from Egypt, I was met by a troop of lovely girls, who, + with songs, dances, and the clang of cymbals, conducted me to the sacred + grove of their goddess.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, Zopyrus will not grumble at Bartja’s illness.” + </p> + <p> + “He will spend more of his time in the grove of Cybele, than at his + patient’s bedside. How glad I shall be to see that jolly fellow again!” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, he’ll keep you from falling into those melancholy fits that you have + been so subject to lately.” “You are quite right to blame me for those + fits, and I must not yield to them, but they are not without ground. + Croesus says we only get low-spirited, when we are either too lazy or too + weak to struggle against annoyances, and I believe he is right. But no one + shall dare to accuse Darius of weakness or idleness. If I can’t rule the + world, at least I will be my own master.” And as he said these words, the + handsome youth drew himself up, and sat erect in his saddle. His companion + gazed in wonder at him. + </p> + <p> + “Really, you son of Hystaspes,” he said, “I believe you must be meant for + something great. It was not by chance that, when you were still a mere + child, the gods sent their favorite Cyrus that dream which induced him to + order you into safe keeping.” + </p> + <p> + “And yet my wings have never appeared.” + </p> + <p> + “No bodily ones, certainly; but mental ones, likely enough. Young man, + young man, you’re on a dangerous road.” + </p> + <p> + “Have winged creatures any need to be afraid of precipices?” + </p> + <p> + “Certainly; when their strength fails them.” + </p> + <p> + “But I am strong.” + </p> + <p> + “Stronger creatures than you will try to break your pinions.” + </p> + <p> + “Let them. I want nothing but what is right, and shall trust to my star.” + </p> + <p> + “Do you know its name?” + </p> + <p> + “It ruled in the hour of my birth, and its name is Anahita.” + </p> + <p> + “I think I know better. A burning ambition is the sun, whose rays guide + all your actions. Take care; I tried that way myself once; it leads to + fame or to disgrace, but very seldom to happiness. Fame to the ambitious + is like salt water to the thirsty; the more he gets, the more he wants. I + was once only a poor soldier, and am now Cambyses’ ambassador. But you, + what can you have to strive for? There is no man in the kingdom greater + than yourself, after the sons of Cyrus... Do my eyes deceive me? Surely + those two men riding to meet us with a troop of horsemen must be Gyges and + Zopyrus. The Angare, who left the inn before us, must have told them of + our coming.” + </p> + <p> + “To be sure. Look at that fellow Zopyrus, how he’s waving and beckoning + with that palm-leaf.” + </p> + <p> + “Here, you fellows, cut us a few twigs from those bushes-quick. We’ll + answer his green palm-leaf with a purple pomegranate-branch.” + </p> + <p> + In a few minutes the friends had embraced one another, and the two bands + were riding together into the populous town, through the gardens + surrounding the lake Gygaeus, the Sardians’ place of recreation. It was + now near sunset, a cooler breeze was beginning to blow, and the citizens + were pouring through the gates to enjoy themselves in the open air. Lydian + and Persian warriors, the former wearing richly-ornamented helmets, the + latter tiaras in the form of a cylinder, were following girls who were + painted and wreathed. Children were being led to the lake by their nurses, + to see the swans fed. An old blind man was seated under a plane-tree, + singing sad ditties to a listening crowd and accompanying them on the + Magadis, the twenty-stringed Lydian lute. Youths were enjoying themselves + at games of ball, ninepins, and dice, and half-grown girls screaming with + fright, when the ball hit one of their group or nearly fell into the + water. + </p> + <p> + The travellers scarcely noticed this gay scene, though at another time it + would have delighted them. They were too much interested in enquiring + particulars of Bartja’s illness and recovery. + </p> + <p> + At the brazen gates of the palace which had formerly belonged to Croesus, + they were met by Oroetes, the satrap of Sardis, in a magnificent + court-dress overloaded with ornaments. He was a stately man, whose small + penetrating black eyes looked sharply out from beneath a bushy mass of + eyebrow. His satrapy was one of the most important and profitable in the + entire kingdom, and his household could bear a comparison with that of + Cambyses in richness and splendor. Though he possessed fewer wives and + attendants than the king, it was no inconsiderable troop of guards, + slaves, eunuchs and gorgeously-dressed officials, which appeared at the + palace-gates to receive the travellers. + </p> + <p> + The vice-regal palace, which was still kept up with great magnificence, + had been, in the days when Croesus occupied it, the most splendid of royal + residences; after the taking of Sardis, however, the greater part of the + dethroned king’s treasures and works of art had been sent to Cyrus’s + treasure-house in Pasargadae. When that time of terror had passed, the + Lydians brought many a hidden treasure into the light of day once more, + and, by their industry and skill in art during the peaceful years which + they enjoyed under Cyrus and Cambyses, recovered their old position so + far, that Sardis was again looked upon as one of the wealthiest cities of + Asia Minor, and therefore, of the world. + </p> + <p> + Accustomed as Darius and Prexaspes were to royal splendor, they were still + astonished at the beauty and brilliancy of the satrap’s palace. The marble + work, especially, made a great impression on them, as nothing of the kind + was to be found in Babylon, Susa or Ecbatana, where burnt brick and + cedar-wood supply the place of the polished marble. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The palace of Persepolis did not exist at the date of our story. + It was built partly of black stone from Mount Rachmed, and partly of + white marble; it was probably begun by Darius. The palace of Susa + was built of brick, (Strabo p. 728) that of Ecbatana of wood + overlaid with plates of gold of immense value, and roofed with tiles + made of the precious metals.] +</pre> + <p> + They found Bartja lying on a couch in the great hall; he looked very pale, + and stretched out his arms towards them. + </p> + <p> + The friends supped together at the satrap’s table and then retired to + Bartja’s private room, in order to enjoy an undisturbed conversation. + </p> + <p> + “Well, Bartja, how did you come by this dangerous illness?” was Darius’ + first question after they were seated. + </p> + <p> + “I was thoroughly well, as you know,” said Bartja, “when we left Babylon, + and we reached Germa, a little town on the Sangarius, without the + slightest hindrance. The ride was long and we were very tired, burnt too + by the scorching May sun, and covered with dust; the river flows by the + station, and its waves looked so clear and bright—so inviting for a + bathe—that in a minute Zopyrus and I were off our horses, undressed, + and in the water. Gyges told us we were very imprudent, but we felt + confident that we were too much inured to such things to get any harm, and + very much enjoyed our swim in the cool, green water. Gyges, perfectly calm + as usual, let us have our own way, waited till our bath was over, and then + plunged in himself. + </p> + <p> + “In two hours we were in our saddles again, pushing on as if for our very + lives, changing horses at every station, and turning night into day. + </p> + <p> + “We were near Ipsus, when I began to feel violent pains in the head and + limbs. I was ashamed to say anything about it and kept upright on my + saddle, until we had to take fresh horses at Bagis. Just as I was in the + very act of mounting, I lost my senses and strength, and fell down on the + ground in a dead faint.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, a pretty fright you gave us,” interrupted Zopyrus, “by dropping down + in that fashion. It was fortunate that Gyges was there, for I lost my wits + entirely; he, of course, kept his presence of mind, and after relieving + his feelings in words not exactly flattering to us two, he behaved like a + circumspect general.—A fool of a doctor came running up and + protested that it was all over with poor Bart, for which I gave him a good + thrashing.” + </p> + <p> + “Which he didn’t particularly object to,” said the satrap, laughing, + “seeing that you told them to lay a gold stater on every stripe.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, yes, my pugnacity costs me very dear sometimes. But to our story. As + soon as Bartja had opened his eyes, Gyges sent me off to Sardis to fetch a + good physician and an easy travelling-carriage. That ride won’t so soon be + imitated. An hour before I reached the gates my third horse knocked up + under me, so I had to trust to my own legs, and began running as fast as I + could. The people must all have thought me mad. At last I saw a man on + horseback—a merchant from Kelaenze—dragged him from his horse, + jumped into the saddle, and, before the next morning dawned, I was back + again with our invalid, bringing the best physician in Sardis, and + Oroetes’ most commodious travelling-carriage. We brought him to this house + at a slow footpace, and here a violent fever came on, he became delirious, + talked all the nonsense that could possibly come into a human brain, and + made us so awfully anxious, that the mere remembrance of that time brings + the big drops of perspiration to my forehead.” + </p> + <p> + Bartja took his friend’s hand: “I owe my life to him and Gyges,” said he, + turning to Darius. “Till to-day, when they set out to meet you, they have + never left me for a minute; a mother could not have nursed her sick child + more carefully. And Oroetes, I am much obliged to you too; doubly so + because your kindness subjected you to annoyance.” + </p> + <p> + “How could that be?” asked Darius. + </p> + <p> + “That Polykrates of Samos, whose name we heard so often in Egypt, has the + best physician that Greece has ever produced. While I was lying here ill, + Oroetes wrote to this Democedes, making him immense promises, if he would + only come to Sardis directly. The Sainian pirates, who infest the whole + Ionian coast, took the messenger captive and brought Oroetes’ letter to + their master Polykrates. He opened it, and sent the messenger back with + the answer, that Democedes was in his pay, and that if Oroetes needed his + advice he must apply to Polykrates himself. Our generous friend submitted + for my sake, and asked the Samian to send his physician to Sardis.” + </p> + <p> + “Well,” said Prexaspes, “and what followed?” + </p> + <p> + “The proud island-prince sent him at once. He cured me, as you see, and + left us a few days ago loaded with presents.” + </p> + <p> + “Well,” interrupted Zopyrus, “I can quite understand, that Polykrates + likes to keep his physician near him. I assure you, Darius, it would not + be easy to find his equal. He’s as handsome as Minutscher, as clever as + Piran Wisa, as strong as Rustem, and as benevolent and helpful as the god + Soma. I wish you could have seen how well he threw those round metal + plates he calls discs. I am no weakling, but when we wrestled he soon + threw me. And then he could tell such famous stories—stories that + made a man’s heart dance within him.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This very Oroetes afterwards succeeded in enticing Polykrates to + Sardis and there crucified him. Herod. III. 120-125. Valerius + Maximus VI. 9. 5.] +</pre> + <p> + “We know just such a fellow too,” said Darius, smiling at his friend’s + enthusiasm. “That Athenian Phanes, who came to prove our innocence.” + </p> + <p> + “The physician Democedes is from Crotona, a place which must be somewhere + very near the setting sun.” + </p> + <p> + “But is inhabited by Greeks, like Athens.” added Oroetes. “Ah, my young + friends, you must beware of those fellows; they’re as cunning, deceitful, + and selfish, as they are strong, clever, and handsome.” + </p> + <p> + “Democedes is generous and sincere,” cried Zopyrus. + </p> + <p> + “And Croesus himself thinks Phanes not only an able, but a virtuous man,” + added Darius. + </p> + <p> + “Sappho too has always, and only spoken well of the Athenian,” said + Bartja, in confirmation of Darius’s remark. “But don’t let us talk any + more about these Greeks,” he went on. “They give Oroetes so much trouble + by their refractory and stubborn conduct, that he is not very fond of + them.” + </p> + <p> + “The gods know that,” sighed the satrap. “It’s more difficult to keep one + Greek town in order, than all the countries between the Euphrates and the + Tigris.” + </p> + <p> + While Oroetes was speaking, Zopyrus had gone to the window. “The stars are + already high in the heavens,” he said, “and Bartja is tired; so make + haste, Darius, and tell us something about home.” + </p> + <p> + The son of Hystaspes agreed at once, and began by relating the events + which we have heard already. Bartja, especially, was distressed at hearing + of Nitetis’ sad end, and the discovery of Amasis’ fraud filled them all + with astonishment. After a short pause, Darius went on: + </p> + <p> + “When once Nitetis’ descent had been fully proved, Cambyses was like a + changed man. He called a council of war, and appeared at table in the + royal robes instead of his mourning garments. You can fancy what universal + joy the idea of a war with Egypt excited. Even Croesus, who you know is + one of Amasis’ well-wishers, and advises peace whenever it is possible, + had not a word to say against it. The next morning, as usual, what had + been resolved on in intoxication was reconsidered by sober heads; after + several opinions had been given, Phanes asked permission to speak, and + spoke I should think for an hour. But how well! It was as if every word he + said came direct from the gods. He has learnt our language in a + wonderfully short time, but it flowed from his lips like honey. Sometimes + he drew tears from every eye, at others excited stormy shouts of joy, and + then wild bursts of rage. His gestures were as graceful as those of a + dancing-girl, but at the same time manly and dignified. I can’t repeat his + speech; my poor words, by the side of his, would sound like the rattle of + a drum after a peal of thunder. But when at last, inspired and carried + away by his eloquence, we had unanimously decided on war, he began to + speak once more on the best ways and means of prosecuting it + successfully.” + </p> + <p> + Here Darius was obliged to stop, as Zopyrus had fallen on his neck in an + ecstasy of delight. Bartja, Gyges and Oroetes were not less delighted, and + they all begged him to go on with his tale. + </p> + <p> + “Our army,” began Darius afresh, “ought to be at the boundaries of Egypt + by the month Farwardin, (March) as the inundation of the Nile, which would + hinder the march of our infantry, begins in Murdad (July). Phanes is now + on his way to the Arabians to secure their assistance; in hopes that these + sons of the desert may furnish our army with water and guides through + their dry and thirsty land. He will also endeavor to win the rich island + of Cyprus, which he once conquered for Amasis, over to our side. As it was + through his mediation that the kings of the island were allowed to retain + their crowns, they will be willing to listen to his advice. In short the + Athenian leaves nothing uncared for, and knows every road and path as if + he were the sun himself He showed us a picture of the world on a plate of + copper.” + </p> + <p> + Oroetes nodded and said, “I have such a picture of the world too. A + Milesian named Hekataeus, who spends his life in travelling, drew it, and + gave it me in exchange for a free-pass.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Hekataeus of Miletus maybe called “the father of geography,” as + Herodotus was “the father of history.” He improved the map made by + Anaximander, and his great work, “the journey round the world,” was + much prized by the ancients; but unfortunately, with the exception + of some very small fragments, has now perished. Herodotus assures + us, (V. 36.) that Hekataeus was intimately acquainted with every + part of the Persian empire, and had also travelled over Egypt. he + lived at the date of our narrative, having been born at Miletus 550 + B. C. He lived to see the fall of his native city in 4966 B. C. + His map has been restored by Klausen and can be seen also in Mure’s + Lan. and Lit. of Ancient Greece. Vol. IV. Maps existed, however, + much earlier, the earliest known being one of the gold-mines, drawn + very cleverly by an Egyptian priest, and so well sketched as to give + a pretty clear idea of the part of the country intended. It is + preserved in the Egyptian Museum at Turin.] +</pre> + <p> + “What notions these Greeks have in their heads!” exclaimed Zopyrus, who + could not explain to himself what a picture of the world could look like. + </p> + <p> + “To-morrow I will show you my copper tablet, said Oroetes, but now we must + allow Darius to go on.” + </p> + <p> + “So Phanes has gone to Arabia,” continued Darius, “and Prexaspes was sent + hither not only to command you, Oroetes, to raise as many forces as + possible, especially Ionians and Carians, of whom Phanes has offered to + undertake the command, but also to propose terms of alliance to + Polykrates.” + </p> + <p> + “To that pirate!” asked Oroetes, and his face darkened. + </p> + <p> + “The very same,” answered Prexaspes, not appearing to notice the change in + Oroetes’ face. “Phanes has already received assurances from this important + naval power, which sound as if we might expect a favorable answer to my + proposal.” + </p> + <p> + “The Phoenician, Syrian and Ionian ships of war would be quite sufficient + to cope with the Egyptian fleet.” + </p> + <p> + “There you are right; but if Polykrates were to declare against us, we + should not be able to hold our own at sea; you say yourself that he is + all-powerful in the AEgean.” + </p> + <p> + “Still I decidedly disapprove of entering into treaty with such a robber.” + </p> + <p> + “We want powerful allies, and Polykrates is very powerful at sea. It will + be time to humble him, when we have used him to help us in conquering + Egypt. For the present I entreat you to suppress all personal feeling, and + keep the success of our great plan alone in view. I am empowered to say + this in the king’s name, and to show his ring in token thereof.” + </p> + <p> + Oroetes made a brief obeisance before this symbol of despotism, and asked: + “What does Cambyses wish me to do?” + </p> + <p> + “He commands you to use every means in your power to secure an alliance + with the Samian; and also to send your troops to join the main army on the + plains of Babylon as soon as possible.” + </p> + <p> + The satrap bowed and left the room with a look betraying irritation and + defiance. + </p> + <p> + When the echo of his footsteps had died away among the colonnades of the + inner court, Zopyrus exclaimed: “Poor fellow, it’s really very hard for + him to have to meet that proud man, who has so often behaved insolently to + him, on friendly terms. Think of that story about the physician for + instance.” + </p> + <p> + “You are too lenient,” interrupted Darius. “I don’t like this Oroetes. He + has no right to receive the king’s commands in that way. Didn’t you see + him bite his lips till they bled, when Prexaspes showed him the king’s + ring?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” cried the envoy, “he’s a defiant, perverse man. He left the room so + quickly, only because he could not keep down his anger any longer.” + </p> + <p> + “Still,” said Bartja, “I hope you will keep his conduct a secret from my + brother, for he has been very good to me.” + </p> + <p> + Prexaspes bowed, but Darius said: “We must keep an eye on the fellow. Just + here, so far from the king’s gate and in the midst of nations hostile to + Persia, we want governors who are more ready to obey their king than this + Oroetes seems to be. Why, he seems to fancy he is King of Lydia!” + </p> + <p> + “Do you dislike the satrap?” said Zopyrus. + </p> + <p> + “Well, I think I do,” was the answer. “I always take an aversion or a + fancy to people at first sight, and very seldom find reason to change my + mind afterwards. I disliked Oroetes before I heard him speak a word, and I + remember having the same feeling towards Psamtik, though Amasis took my + fancy.” + </p> + <p> + “There’s no doubt that you’re very different from the rest of us,” said + Zopyrus laughing, “but now, to please me, let this poor Oroetes alone. I’m + glad he’s gone though, because we can talk more freely about home. How is + Kassandane? and your worshipped Atossa? Croesus too, how is he? and what + are my wives about? They’ll soon have a new companion. To-morrow I intend + to sue for the hand of Oroetes’ pretty daughter. We’ve talked a good deal + of love with our eyes already. I don’t know whether we spoke Persian or + Syrian, but we said the most charming things to one another.” + </p> + <p> + The friends laughed, and Darius, joining in their merriment, said: “Now + you shall hear a piece of very good news. I have kept it to the last, + because it is the best I have. Now, Bartja, prick up your ears. Your + mother, the noble Kassandane, has been cured of her blindness! Yes, yes, + it is quite true.—Who cured her? Why who should it be, but that + crabbed old Nebenchari, who has become, if possible, moodier than ever. + Come, now, calm yourselves, and let me go on with my story; or it will be + morning before Bartja gets to sleep. Indeed. I think we had better + separate now: you’ve heard the best, and have something to dream about + What, you will not? Then, in the name of Mithras, I must go on, though it + should make my heart bleed. + </p> + <p> + “I’ll begin with the king. As long as Phanes was in Babylon, he seemed to + forget his grief for Nitetis. + </p> + <p> + “The Athenian was never allowed to leave him. They were as inseparable as + Reksch and Rustem. Cambyses had no time to think of his sorrow, for Phanes + had always some new idea or other, and entertained us all, as well as the + king, marvellously. And we all liked him too; perhaps, because no one + could really envy him. Whenever he was alone, the tears came into his eyes + at the thought of his boy, and this made his great cheerfulness—a + cheerfulness which he always managed to impart to the king, Bartja,—the + more admirable. Every morning he went down to the Euphrates with Cambyses + and the rest of us, and enjoyed watching the sons of the Achaemenidae at + their exercises. When he saw them riding at full speed past the sand-hills + and shooting the pots placed on them into fragments with their arrows, or + throwing blocks of wood at one another and cleverly evading the blows, he + confessed that he could not imitate them in these exercises, but at the + same time he offered to accept a challenge from any of us in throwing the + spear and in wrestling. In his quick way he sprang from his horse, + stripped off his clothes—it was really a shame—and, to the + delight of the boys, threw their wrestling-master as if he had been a + feather. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [In the East, nudity was, even in those days, held to be + disgraceful, while the Greeks thought nothing so beautiful as the + naked human body. The Hetaira Phryne was summoned before the judges + for an offence against religion. Her defender, seeing that sentence + was about to be pronounced against his client, suddenly tore away + the garment which covered her bosom. The artifice was successful. + The judges pronounced her not guilty, being convinced that such + wondrous grace and beauty could only belong to a favorite of + Aphrodite. Athen. XIII. p. 590] +</pre> + <p> + “Then he knocked over a number of bragging fellows, and would have thrown + me too if he had not been too fatigued. I assure you, I am really stronger + than he is, for I can lift greater weights, but he is as nimble as an eel, + and has wonderful tricks by which he gets hold of his adversary. His being + naked too is a great help. If it were not so indecent, we ought always to + wrestle stripped, and anoint our skins, as the Greeks do, with the + olive-oil. He beat us too in throwing the spear, but the king, who you + know is proud of being the best archer in Persia, sent his arrow farther. + Phanes was especially pleased with our rule, that in a wrestling-match the + one who is thrown must kiss the hand of his victor. At last he showed us a + new exercise:—boxing. He refused, however, to try his skill on any + one but a slave, so Cambyses sent for the biggest and strongest man among + the servants—my groom, Bessus—a giant who can bring the hind + legs of a horse together and hold them so firmly that the creature + trembles all over and cannot stir. This big fellow, taller by a head than + Phanes, shrugged his shoulders contemptuously on hearing that he was to + box with the little foreign gentleman. He felt quite sure of victory, + placed himself opposite his adversary, and dealt him a blow heavy enough + to kill an elephant. Phanes avoided it cleverly, in the same moment + hitting the giant with his naked fist so powerfully under the eyes, that + the blood streamed from his nose and mouth, and the huge, uncouth fellow + fell on the ground with a yell. When they picked him up his face looked + like a pumpkin of a greenish-blue color. The boys shouted with delight at + his discomfiture; but we admired the dexterity of this Greek, and were + especially glad to see the king in such good spirits; we noticed this most + when Phanes was singing Greek songs and dance-melodies to him accompanied + by the lute. + </p> + <p> + “Meanwhile Kassandane’s blindness had been cured, and this of course + tended not a little to disperse the king’s melancholy. + </p> + <p> + “In short it was a very pleasant time, and I was just going to ask for + Atossa’s hand in marriage, when Phanes went off to Arabia, and everything + was changed. + </p> + <p> + “No sooner had he turned his back on the gates of Babylon than all the + evil Divs seemed to have entered into the king. He went about, a moody, + silent man, speaking to no one; and to drown his melancholy would begin + drinking, even at an early hour in the morning, quantities of the + strongest Syrian wine. By the evening he was generally so intoxicated that + he had to be carried out of the hall, and would wake up the next morning + with headache and spasms. In the day-time he would wander about as if + looking for something, and in the night they often heard him calling + Nitetis. The physicians became very anxious about his health, but when + they sent him medicine he threw it away. It was quite right of Croesus to + say, as he did once ‘Ye Magi and Chaldaeans! before trying to cure a sick + man we must discover the seat of his disease. Do you know it in this case? + No? Then I will tell you what ails the king. He has an internal complaint + and a wound. The former is called ennui, and the latter is in his heart. + The Athenian is a good remedy for the first, but for the second I know of + none; such wounds either scar over of themselves, or the patient bleeds to + death inwardly.’” + </p> + <p> + “I know of a remedy for the king though,” exclaimed Otanes when he heard + these words. “We must persuade him to send for the women, or at least for + my daughter Phaedime, back from Susa. Love is good for dispersing + melancholy, and makes the blood flow faster.” We acknowledged that he was + right, and advised him to remind the king of his banished wives. He + ventured to make the proposal while we were at supper, but got such a + harsh rebuff for his pains, that we all pitied him. Soon after this, + Cambyses sent one morning for all the Mobeds and Chaldaeans, and commanded + them to interpret a strange dream which he had bad. In his dream he had + been standing in the midst of a dry and barren plain: barren as a + threshing-floor, it did not produce a single blade of grass. Displeased at + the desert aspect of the place, he was just going to seek other and more + fruitful regions, when Atossa appeared, and, without seeing him, ran + towards a spring which welled up through the arid soil as if by + enchantment. While he was gazing in wonder at this scene, he noticed that + wherever the foot of his sister touched the parched soil, graceful + terebinths sprang up, changing, as they grew, into cypresses whose tops + reached unto heaven. As he was going to speak to Atossa, he awoke. + </p> + <p> + The Mobeds and Chaldaeans consulted together and interpreted the dream + thus? ‘Atossa would be successful in all she undertook.’ + </p> + <p> + “Cambyses seemed satisfied with this answer, but, as the next night the + vision appeared again, he threatened the wise men with death, unless they + could give him another and a different interpretation. They pondered long, + and at last answered, ‘that Atossa would become a queen and the mother of + mighty princes.’ + </p> + <p> + “This answer really contented the king, and he smiled strangely to himself + as he told us his dream. ‘The same day Kassandane sent for me and told me + to give up all thoughts of her daughter, as I valued my life. + </p> + <p> + “‘Just as I was leaving the queen’s garden I saw Atossa behind a + pomegranate-bush. She beckoned. I went to her; and in that hour we forgot + danger and sorrow, but said farewell to each other for ever. Now you know + all; and now that I have given her up—now that I know it would be + madness even to think of her again—I am obliged to be very stern + with myself, lest, like the king, I should fall into deep melancholy for + the sake of a woman. And this is the end of the story, the close of which + we were all expecting, when Atossa, as I lay under sentence of death, sent + me a rose, and made me the happiest of mortals. If I had not betrayed my + secret then, when we thought our last hour was near, it would have gone + with me to my grave. But what am I talking about? I know I can trust to + your secrecy, but pray don’t look at me so deplorably. I think I am still + to be envied, for I have had one hour of enjoyment that would outweigh a + century of misery. Thank you,—thank you: now let me finish my story + as quickly as I can. + </p> + <p> + “Three days after I had taken leave of Atossa I had to marry Artystone, + the daughter of Gobryas. She is beautiful, and would make any other man + happy. The day after the wedding the Angare reached Babylon with the news + of your illness. My mind was made up at once; I begged the king to let me + go to you, nurse you, and warn you of the danger which threatens your life + in Egypt—took leave of my bride, in spite of all my father-in-law’s + protestations, and went off at full speed with Prexaspes, never resting + till I reached your side, my dear Bartja. Now I shall go with you and + Zopyrus to Egypt, for Gyges must accompany the ambassador to Samos, as + interpreter. This is the king’s command; he has been in better spirits the + last few days; the inspection of the masses of troops coming up to Babylon + diverts him, besides which, the Chaldaeans have assured him that the + planet Adar, which belongs to their war-god Chanon, promises a great + victory to the Persian arms. When do you think you shall be able to + travel, Bartja?” + </p> + <p> + “To-morrow, if you like,” was the answer. “The doctors say the sea-voyage + will do me good, and the journey by land to Smyrna is very short.” + </p> + <p> + “And I can assure you,” added Zopyrus, “that Sappho will cure you sooner + than all the doctors in the world.” + </p> + <p> + “Then we will start in three days;” said Darius after some consideration, + “we have plenty to do before starting. Remember we are going into what may + almost be called an enemy’s country. I have been thinking the matter over, + and it seems to me that Bartja must pass for a Babylonian carpet-merchant, + I for his brother, and Zopyrus for a dealer in Sardian red.” + </p> + <p> + “Couldn’t we be soldiers?” asked Zopyrus. “It’s such an ignominious thing + to be taken for cheating peddlers. How would it be, for instance, if we + passed ourselves off for Lydian soldiers, escaped from punishment, and + seeking service in the Egyptian army?” + </p> + <p> + “That’s not a bad idea,” said Bartja, “and I think too that we look more + like soldiers than traders.” + </p> + <p> + “Looks and manner are no guide,” said Gyges. “Those great Greek merchants + and ship-owners go about as proudly as if the world belonged to them. But + I don’t find Zopyrus’ proposal a bad one.” + </p> + <p> + “Then so let it be,” said Darius, yielding. “In that case Oroetes must + provide us with the uniform of Lydian Taxiarchs.” + </p> + <p> + “You’d better take the splendid dress of the Chiliarchs at once, I think,” + cried Gyges. + </p> + <p> + “Why, on such young men, that would excite suspicion directly.” + </p> + <p> + “But we can’t appear as common soldiers.” + </p> + <p> + “No, but as Hekatontarchs.” + </p> + <p> + “All right,” said Zopyrus laughing. “Anything you like except a + shop-keeper.—So in three days we are off. I am glad I shall just + have time to make sure of the satrap’s little daughter, and to visit the + grove of Cybele at last. Now, goodnight, Bartja; don’t get up too early. + What will Sappho say, if you come to her with pale cheeks?” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0026" id="link2HCH0026"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER X. + </h2> + <p> + The sun of a hot midsummer-day had risen on Naukratis. The Nile had + already begun to overflow its banks, and the fields and gardens of the + Egyptians were covered with water. + </p> + <p> + The harbor was crowded with craft of all kinds. Egyptian vessels were + there, manned by Phoenician colonists from the coasts of the Delta, and + bringing fine woven goods from Malta, metals and precious stones from + Sardinia, wine and copper from Cyprus. Greek triremes laden with oil, wine + and mastic-wood; metal-work and woollen wares from Chalcis, Phoenician and + Syrian craft with gaily-colored sails, and freighted with cargoes of + purple stuffs, gems, spices, glass-work, carpets and cedar-trees,—used + in Egypt, where wood was very scarce, for building purposes, and taking + back gold, ivory, ebony, brightly-plumaged tropical birds, precious stones + and black slaves,—the treasures of Ethiopia; but more especially the + far-famed Egyptian corn, Memphian chariots, lace from Sais, and the finer + sorts of papyrus. The time when commerce was carried on merely by barter + was now, however, long past, and the merchants of Naukratis not seldom + paid for their goods in gold coin and carefully-weighed silver. + </p> + <p> + Large warehouses stood round the harbor of this Greek colony, and + slightly-built dwelling-houses, into which the idle mariners were lured by + the sounds of music and laughter, and the glances and voices of painted + and rouged damsels. Slaves, both white and colored, rowers and steersmen, + in various costumes, were hurrying hither and thither, while the ships’ + captains, either dressed in the Greek fashion or in Phoenician garments of + the most glaring colors, were shouting orders to their crews and + delivering up their cargoes to the merchants. Whenever a dispute arose, + the Egyptian police with their long staves, and the Greek warders of the + harbor were quickly at hand. The latter were appointed by the elders of + the merchant-body in this Milesian colony. + </p> + <p> + The port was getting empty now, for the hour at which the market opened + was near, and none of the free Greeks cared to be absent from the + market-place then. This time, however, not a few remained behind, + curiously watching a beautifully-built Samian ship, the Okeia, with a long + prow like a swan’s neck, on the front of which a likeness of the goddess + Hera was conspicuous. It was discharging its cargo, but the public + attention was more particularly attracted by three handsome youths, in the + dress of Lydian officers, who left the ship, followed by a number of + slaves carrying chests and packages. + </p> + <p> + The handsomest of the three travellers, in whom of course our readers + recognize their three young friends, Darius, Bartja and Zopyrus, spoke to + one of the harbor police and asked for the house of Theopompus the + Milesian, to whom they were bound on a visit. + </p> + <p> + Polite and ready to do a service, like all the Greeks, the police + functionary at once led the way across the market-place,—where the + opening of business had just been announced by the sound of a bell,—to + a handsome house, the property of the Milesian, Theopompus, one of the + most important and respected men in Naukratis. + </p> + <p> + The party, however, did not succeed in crossing the market-place without + hindrance. They found it easy enough to evade the importunities of + impudent fishsellers, and the friendly invitations of butchers, bakers, + sausage and vegetable-sellers, and potters. But when they reached the part + allotted to the flower-girls, Zopyrus was so enchanted with the scene, + that he clapped his hands for joy. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Separate portions of the market were set apart for the sale of + different goods. The part appointed for the flower-sellers, who + passed in general for no better than they should be, was called the + “myrtle-market.” Aristoph. Thesmoph. 448.] +</pre> + <p> + Three wonderfully-lovely girls, in white dresses of some half-transparent + material, with colored borders, were seated together on low stools, + binding roses, violets and orange-blossoms into one long wreath. Their + charming heads were wreathed with flowers too, and looked very like the + lovely rosebuds which one of them, on seeing the young men come up, held + out to their notice. + </p> + <p> + “Buy my roses, my handsome gentlemen,” she said in a clear, melodious + voice, “to put in your sweethearts’ hair.” + </p> + <p> + Zopyrus took the flowers, and holding the girl’s hand fast in his own, + answered, “I come from a far country, my lovely child, and have no + sweetheart in Naukratis yet; so let me put the roses in your own golden + hair, and this piece of gold in your white little hand.” + </p> + <p> + The girl burst into a merry laugh, showed her sister the handsome present, + and answered: “By Eros, such gentlemen as you cannot want for sweethearts. + Are you brothers?” + </p> + <p> + “No.” + </p> + <p> + “That’s a pity, for we are sisters.” + </p> + <p> + “And you thought we should make three pretty couples?” + </p> + <p> + “I may have thought it, but I did not say so.” + </p> + <p> + “And your sisters?” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This passage was suggested by the following epigram of Dionysius + “Roses are blooming on thy cheek, with roses thy basket is laden, + Which dost thou sell? The flowers? Thyself? Or both, my pretty + maiden?”] +</pre> + <p> + The girls laughed, as if they were but little averse to such a connection, + and offered Bartja and Darius rosebuds too. + </p> + <p> + The young men accepted them, gave each a gold piece in return, and were + not allowed to leave these beauties until their helmets had been crowned + with laurel. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile the news of the strangers’ remarkable liberality had spread + among the many girls, who were selling ribbons, wreaths and flowers close + by. They all brought roses too and invited the strangers with looks and + words to stay with them and buy their flowers. + </p> + <p> + Zopyrus, like many a young gentleman in Naukratis, would gladly have + accepted their invitations, for most of these girls were beautiful, and + their hearts were not difficult to win; but Darius urged him to come away, + and begged Bartja to forbid the thoughtless fellow’s staying any longer. + After passing the tables of the money-changers, and the stone seats on + which the citizens sat in the open air and held their consultations, they + arrived at the house of Theopompus. + </p> + <p> + The stroke given by their Greek guide with the metal knocker on the + house-door was answered at once by a slave. As the master was at the + market, the strangers were led by the steward, an old servant grown grey + in the service of Theopompus, into the Andronitis, and begged to wait + there until he returned. + </p> + <p> + They were still engaged in admiring the paintings on the walls, and the + artistic carving of the stone floor, when Theopompus, the merchant whom we + first learnt to know at the house of Rhodopis, came back from the market, + followed by a great number of slaves bearing his purchases. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Men of high rank among the Greeks did not disdain to make purchases + at market, accompanied by their slaves, but respectable women could + not appear there. Female slaves were generally sent to buy what was + needed.] +</pre> + <p> + He received the strangers with charming politeness and asked in what way + he could be of use to them, on which Bartja, having first convinced + himself that no unwished—for listeners were present, gave him the + roll he had received from Phanes at parting. + </p> + <p> + Theopompus had scarcely read its contents, when he made a low bow to the + prince, exclaiming: “By Zeus, the father of hospitality, this is the + greatest honor that could have been conferred upon my house! All I possess + is yours, and I beg you to ask your companions to accept with kindness + what I can offer. Pardon my not having recognized you at once in your + Lydian dress. It seems to me that your hair is shorter and your beard + thicker, than when you left Egypt. Am I right in imagining that you do not + wish to be recognized? It shall be exactly as you wish. He is the best + host, who allows his guests the most freedom. All, now I recognize your + friends; but they have disguised themselves and cut their curls also. + Indeed, I could almost say that you, my friend, whose name—” + </p> + <p> + “My name is Darius.” + </p> + <p> + “That you, Darius, have dyed your hair black. Yes? Then you see my memory + does not deceive me. But that is nothing to boast of, for I saw you + several times at Sais, and here too, on your arrival and departure. You + ask, my prince, whether you would be generally recognized? Certainly not. + The foreign dress, the change in your hair and the coloring of your + eyebrows have altered you wonderfully. But excuse me a moment, my old + steward seems to have some important message to give.” + </p> + <p> + In a few minutes Theopompus came back, exclaiming: “No, no, my honored + friends, you have certainly not taken the wisest way of entering Naukratis + incognito. You have been joking with the flower-girls and paying them for + a few roses, not like runaway Lydian Hekatontarchs, but like the great + lords you are. All Naukratis knows the pretty, frivolous sisters, + Stephanion, Chloris and Irene, whose garlands have caught many a heart, + and whose sweet glances have lured many a bright obolus out of the pockets + of our gay young men. They’re very fond of visiting the flower-girls at + market-time, and agreements are entered into then for which more than one + gold piece must be paid later; but for a few roses and good words they are + not accustomed to be so liberal as you have been. The girls have been + boasting about you and your gifts, and showing your good red gold to their + stingier suitors. As rumor is a goddess who is very apt to exaggerate and + to make a crocodile out of a lizard, it happened that news reached the + Egyptian captain on guard at the market, that some newly-arrived Lydian + warriors had been scattering gold broadcast among the flower-girls. This + excited suspicion, and induced the Toparch to send an officer here to + enquire from whence you come, and what is the object of your journey + hither. I was obliged to use a little stratagem to impose upon him, and + told him, as I believe you wish, that you were rich young men from Sardis, + who had fled on account of having incurred the satrap’s ill-will. But I + see the government officer coming, and with him the secretary who is to + make out passports which will enable you to remain on the Nile unmolested. + I have promised him a handsome reward, if he can help you in getting + admitted into the king’s mercenaries. He was caught and believed my story. + You are so young, that nobody would imagine you were entrusted with a + secret mission.” + </p> + <p> + The talkative Greek had scarcely finished speaking when the clerk, a lean, + dry-looking man, dressed in white, came in, placed himself opposite the + strangers and asked them from whence they came and what was the object of + their journey. + </p> + <p> + The youths held to their first assertion, that they were Lydian + Hekatontarchs, and begged the functionary to provide them with passes and + tell them in what way they might most easily obtain admittance into the + king’s troop of auxiliaries. + </p> + <p> + The man did not hesitate long, after Theopompus had undertaken to be their + surety, and the desired documents were made out. + </p> + <p> + Bartja’s pass ran thus: + </p> + <p> + “Smerdis, the son of Sandon of Sardis, about 22 years of age—figure, + tall and slender-face, well-formed:—nose, straight:—forehead, + high with a small scar in the middle:—is hereby permitted to remain + in those parts of Egypt in which the law allows foreigners to reside, as + surety has been given for him. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “In the King’s name. + “Sachons, Clerk.” + </pre> + <p> + Darius and Zopyrus received passports similarly worded. + </p> + <p> + When the government official had left the houses, Theopompus rubbed his + hands and said: “Now if you will follow my advice on all points you can + stay in Egypt safely enough. Keep these little rolls as if they were the + apple of your eye, and never part from them. Now, however, I must beg you + to follow me to breakfast and to tell me, if agreeable to you, whether a + report which has just been making the round of the market is not, as + usual, entirely false. A trireme from Kolophon, namely, has brought the + news that your powerful brother, noble Bartja, is preparing to make war + with Amasis.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ......................... +</pre> + <p> + On the evening of the same day, Bartja and Sappho saw each other again. In + that first hour surprise and joy together made Sappho’s happiness too + great for words. When they were once more seated in the acanthus-grove + whose blossoming branches had so often seen and sheltered their young + love, she embraced him tenderly, but for a long time they did not speak + one word. They saw neither moon nor stars moving silently above them, in + the warm summer night; they did not even hear the nightingales who were + still repeating their favorite, flute-like, Itys-call to one another; nor + did they feel the dew which fell as heavily on their fair heads as on the + flowers in the grass around them. + </p> + <p> + At last Bartja, taking both Sappho’s hands in his own, looked long and + silently into her face, as if to stamp her likeness for ever on his + memory. When he spoke at last, she cast down her eyes, for he said: “In my + dreams, Sappho, you have always been the most lovely creature that + Auramazda ever created, but now I see you again, you are more lovely even + than my dreams.” + </p> + <p> + And when a bright, happy glance from her had thanked him for these words, + he drew her closer to him, asking: “Did you often think of me?” + </p> + <p> + “I thought only of you.” + </p> + <p> + “And did you hope to see me soon?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes; hour after hour I thought, ‘now he must be coming.’ Sometimes I went + into the garden in the morning and looked towards your home in the East, + and a bird flew towards me from thence and I felt a twitching in my right + eyelid; or when I was putting my box to rights and found the laurel crown + which I put by as a remembrance, because you looked so well in it,—Melitta + says such wreaths are good for keeping true love—then I used to clap + my hands with joy and think, ‘to-day he must come;’ and I would run down + to the Nile and wave my handkerchief to every passing boat, for every boat + I thought must be bringing you to me.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [A bird flying from the right side, and a twitching of the right eye + were considered fortunate omens. Theokrirus, III. 37] +</pre> + <p> + “But you did not come, and then I went sadly home, and would sit down by + the fire on the hearth in the women’s room, and sing, and gaze into the + fire till grandmother would wake me out of my dream by saying: ‘Listen to + me, girl; whoever dreams by daylight is in danger of lying awake at night, + and getting up in the morning with a sad heart, a tired brain and weary + limbs. The day was not given us for sleep, and we must live in it with + open eyes, that not a single hour may be idly spent. The past belongs to + the dead; only fools count upon the future; but wise men hold fast by the + ever young present; by work they foster all the various gifts which Zeus, + Apollo, Pallas, Cypris lend; by work they raise, and perfect and ennoble + them, until their feelings, actions, words and thoughts become harmonious + like a well-tuned lute. You cannot serve the man to whom you have given + your whole heart,—to whom in your great love you look up as so much + higher than yourself—you cannot prove the steadfastness and + faithfulness of that love better, than by raising and improving your mind + to the utmost of your power. Every good and beautiful truth that you learn + is an offering to him you love best, for in giving your whole self, you + give your virtues too. But no one gains this victory in dreams. The dew by + which such blossoms are nourished is called the sweat of man’s brow.’ So + she would speak to me, and then I started up ashamed and left the hearth, + and either took my lyre to learn new songs, or listened to my loving + teacher’s words—she is wiser than most men—attentively and + still. And so the time passed on; a rapid stream, just like our river + Nile, which flows unceasingly, and brings such changing scenes upon its + waves, sometimes a golden boat with streamers gay,—sometimes a + fearful, ravenous crocodile.” + </p> + <p> + “But now we are sitting in the golden boat. Oh, if time’s waves would only + cease to flow! If this one moment could but last for aye. You lovely girl, + how perfectly you speak, how well you understand and remember all this + beautiful teaching and make it even more beautiful by your way of + repeating it. Yes, Sappho, I am very proud of you. In you I have a + treasure which makes me richer than my brother, though half the world + belongs to him.” + </p> + <p> + “You proud of me? you, a king’s son, the best and handsomest of your + family?” + </p> + <p> + “The greatest worth that I can find in myself is, that you think me worthy + of your love.” + </p> + <p> + “Tell me, ye gods, how can this little heart hold so much joy without + breaking? ‘Tis like a vase that’s overfilled with purest, heaviest gold?” + </p> + <p> + “Another heart will help you to bear it; and that is my own, for mine is + again supported by yours, and with that help I can laugh at every evil + that the world or night may bring.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, don’t excite the envy of the gods; human happiness often vexes them. + Since you left us we have passed some very, very sad days. The two poor + children of our kind Phanes—a boy as beautiful as Eros, and a little + girl as fair and rosy as a summer morning’s cloud just lit up by the sun,—came + for some happy days to stay with us. Grandmother grew quite glad and young + again while looking on these little ones, and as for me I gave them all my + heart, though really it is your’s and your’s alone. But hearts, you know, + are wonderfully made; they’re like the sun who sends his rays everywhere, + and loses neither warmth nor light by giving much, but gives to all their + due. I loved those little ones so very much. One evening we were sitting + quite alone with Theopompus in the women’s room, when suddenly we heard + aloud, wild noise. The good old Knakias, our faithful slave, just reached + the door as all the bolts gave way, and, rushing through the entrance-hall + into the peristyle, the andronitis, and so on to us, crashing the door + between, came a troop of soldiers. Grandmother showed them the letter by + which Amasis secured our house from all attack and made it a sure refuge, + but they laughed the writing to scorn and showed us on their side a + document with the crown-prince’s seal, in which we were sternly commanded + to deliver up Phanes’ children at once to this rough troop of men. + Theopompus reproved the soldiers for their roughness, telling them that + the children came from Corinth and had no connection with Phanes; but the + captain of the troop defied and sneered at him, pushed my grandmother + rudely away, forced his way into her own apartment, where among her most + precious treasures, at the head of her own bed, the two children lay + sleeping peacefully, dragged them out of their little beds and took them + in an open boat through the cold night-air to the royal city. In a few + days we heard the boy was dead. They say he has been killed by Psamtik’s + orders; and the little girl, so sweet and dear, is lying in a dismal + dungeon, and pining for her father and for us. Oh, dearest, isn’t it a + painful thing that sorrows such as these should come to mar our perfect + happiness? My eyes weep joy and sorrow in the same moment, and my lips, + which have just been laughing with you, have now to tell you this sad + story.” + </p> + <p> + “I feel your pain with you, my child, but it makes my hand clench with + rage instead of filling my eyes with tears. That gentle boy whom you + loved, that little girl who now sits weeping in the dark dungeon, shall + both be revenged. Trust me; before the Nile has risen again, a powerful + army will have entered Egypt, to demand satisfaction for this murder.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, dearest, how your eyes are glowing! I never saw you look so beautiful + before. Yes, yes, the boy must be avenged, and none but you must be his + avenger.” + </p> + <p> + “My gentle Sappho is becoming warlike too.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, women must feel warlike when wickedness is so triumphant; women + rejoice too when such crimes are punished. Tell me has war been declared + already?” + </p> + <p> + “Not yet; but hosts on hosts are marching to the valley of the Euphrates + to join our main army.” + </p> + <p> + “My courage sinks as quickly as it rose. I tremble at the word, the mere + word, war. How many childless mothers Ares makes, how many young fair + heads must wear the widow’s veil, how many pillows are wet through with + tears when Pallas takes her shield.” + </p> + <p> + “But a man developes in war; his heart expands, his arm grows strong. And + none rejoice more than you when he returns a conqueror from the field. The + wife of a Persian, especially, ought to rejoice in the thought of battle, + for her husband’s honor and fame are dearer to her than his life.” + </p> + <p> + “Go to the war. I shall pray for you there.” + </p> + <p> + “And victory will be with the right. First we will conquer Pharaoh’s host, + then release Phanes’ little daughter...” + </p> + <p> + “And then Aristomachus, the brave old man who succeeded Phanes when he + fled. He has vanished, no one knows whither, but people say that the + crown-prince has either imprisoned him in a dismal dungeon on account of + his having uttered threats of retaliating the cruelty shown to Phanes’ + children, or—what would be worse—has had him dragged off to + some distant quarry. The poor old man was exiled from his home, not for + his own fault, but by the malice of his enemies, and the very day on which + we lost sight of him an embassy arrived here from the Spartan people + recalling Aristomachus to the Eurotas with all the honors Greece could + bestow, because his sons had brought great glory to their country. A ship + wreathed with flowers was sent to fetch the honored old man, and at the + head of the deputation was his own brave, strong son, now crowned with + glory and fame.” + </p> + <p> + “I know him. He’s a man of iron. Once he mutilated himself cruelly to + avoid disgrace. By the Anahita star, which is setting so beautifully in + the east, he shall be revenged!” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, can it be so late? To me the time has gone by like a sweet breeze, + which kissed my forehead and passed away. Did not you hear some one call? + They will be waiting for us, and you must be at your friend’s house in the + town before dawn. Good-bye, my brave hero.” + </p> + <p> + “Good-bye, my dearest one. In five days we shall hear our marriage-hymn. + But you tremble as if we were going to battle instead of to our wedding.” + </p> + <p> + “I’m trembling at the greatness of our joy; one always trembles in + expectation of anything unusually great.” + </p> + <p> + “Hark, Rhodopis is calling again; let us go. I have asked Theopompus to + arrange everything about our wedding with her according to the usual + custom; and I shall remain in his house incognito until I can carry you + off as my own dear wife.” + </p> + <p> + “And I will go with you.” + </p> + <p> + The next morning, as the three friends were walking with their host in his + garden, Zopyrus exclaimed: “Wily, Bartja, I’ve been dreaming all night of + your Sappho. What a lucky fellow you are! Why I fancied my new wife in + Sardis was no end of a beauty until I saw Sappho, and now when I think of + her she seems like an owl. If Araspes could see Sappho he would be obliged + to confess that even Panthea had been outdone at last. Such a creature was + never made before. Auramazda is an awful spendthrift; he might have made + three beauties out of Sappho. And how charmingly it sounded when she said + ‘good-night’ to us in Persian.” + </p> + <p> + “While I was away,” said Bartja, “she has been taking a great deal of + trouble to learn Persian from the wife of a Babylonian carpet-merchant, a + native of Susa, who is living at Naukratis, in order to surprise me. + </p> + <p> + “Yes, she is a glorious girl,” said Theopompus. “My late wife loved the + little one as if she had been her own child. She would have liked to have + had her as a wife for our son who manages the affairs of my house at + Miletus, but the gods have ordained otherwise! Ah, how glad she would have + been to see the wedding garland at Rhodopis’ door!” + </p> + <p> + “Is it the custom here to ornament a bride’s house with flowers?” said + Zopyrus. + </p> + <p> + “Certainly,” answered Theopompus. “When you see a door hung with flowers + you may always know that house contains a bride; an olive-branch is a sign + that a boy has just come into the world, and a strip of woollen cloth + hanging over the gate that a girl has been born; but a vessel of water + before the door is the token of death. But business-hour at the market is + very near, my friends, and I must leave you, as I have affairs of great + importance to transact.” + </p> + <p> + “I will accompany you,” said Zopyrus, “I want to order some garlands for + Rhodopis’ house.” + </p> + <p> + “Aha,” laughed the Milesian. “I see, you want to talk to the flower-girls + again. Come, it’s of no use to deny. Well, if you like you can come with + me, but don’t be so generous as you were yesterday, and don’t forget that + if certain news of war should arrive, your disguise may prove dangerous.” + </p> + <p> + The Greek then had his sandals fastened on by his slaves and started for + the market, accompanied by Zopyrus. In a few hours he returned with such a + serious expression on his usually cheerful face, that it was easy to see + something very important had happened. + </p> + <p> + “I found the whole town in great agitation,” he said to the two friends + who had remained at home; “there is a report that Amasis is at the point + of death. We had all met on the place of exchange in order to settle our + business, and I was on the point of selling all my stored goods at such + high prices as to secure me a first-rate profit, with which, when the + prospect of an important war had lowered prices again, I could have bought + in fresh goods—you see it stands me in good stead to know your royal + brother’s intentions so early—when suddenly the Toparch appeared + among us, and announced that Amasis was not only seriously ill, but that + the physicians had given up all hope, and he himself felt he was very near + death. We must hold ourselves in readiness for this at any moment, and for + a very serious change in the face of affairs. The death of Amasis is the + severest loss that could happen to us Greeks; he was always our friend, + and favored us whenever he could, while his son is our avowed enemy and + will do his utmost to expel us from the country. If his father had + allowed, and he himself had not felt so strongly the importance and value + of our mercenary troops, he would have turned us hateful foreigners out + long ago. Naukratis and its temples are odious to him. When Amasis is dead + our town will hail Cambyses’ army with delight, for I have had experience + already, in my native town Miletus, that you are accustomed to show + respect to those who are not Persians and to protect their rights.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” said Bartja, “I will take care that all your ancient liberties + shall be confirmed by my brother and new ones granted you.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, I only hope he will soon be here,” exclaimed the Greek, “for we + know that Psamtik, as soon as he possibly can, will order our temples, + which are an abomination to him, to be demolished. The building of a place + of sacrifice for the Greeks at Memphis has long been put a stop to.” + </p> + <p> + “But here,” said Darius, “we saw a number of splendid temples as we came + up from the harbor.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, yes, we have several.—Ah, there comes Zopyrus; the slaves are + carrying a perfect grove of garlands behind him. He’s laughing so + heartily, he must have amused himself famously with the flower-girls. + Good-morning, my friend. The sad news which fills all Naukratis does not + seem to disturb you much.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, for anything I care, Amasis may go on living a hundred years yet. But + if he dies now, people will have something else to do beside looking after + us. When do you set off for Rhodopis’ house, friends?” + </p> + <p> + “At dusk.” + </p> + <p> + “Then please, ask her to accept these flowers from me. I never thought I + could have been so taken by an old woman before. Every word she says + sounds like music, and though she speaks so gravely and wisely it’s as + pleasant to the ear as a merry joke. But I shan’t go with you this time, + Bartja; I should only be in the way. Darius, what have you made up your + mind to do?” + </p> + <p> + “I don’t want to lose one chance of a conversation with Rhodopis.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, I don’t blame you. You’re all for learning and knowing everything, + and I’m for enjoying. Friends, what do you say to letting me off this + evening? You see....” + </p> + <p> + “I know all about it,” interrupted Bartja laughing: “You’ve only seen the + flower-girls by daylight as yet, and you would like to know how they look + by lamplight.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, that’s it,” said Zopyrus, putting on a grave face. “On that point I + am quite as eager after knowledge as Darius.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, we wish you much pleasure with your three sisters.” + </p> + <p> + “No, no, not all three, if you please; Stephanion, the youngest, is my + favorite.” + </p> + <p> + Morning had already dawned when Bartja, Darius and Theopompus left + Rhodopis’ house. Syloson, a Greek noble who had been banished from his + native land by his own brother, Polykrates the tyrant, had been spending + the evening with them, and was now returning in their company to + Naukratis, where he had been living many years. + </p> + <p> + This man, though an exile, was liberally supplied with money by his + brother, kept the most brilliant establishment in Naukratis, and was as + famous for his extravagant hospitality as for his strength and cleverness. + Syloson was a very handsome man too, and so remarkable for the good taste + and splendor of his dress, that the youth of Naukratis prided themselves + on imitating the cut and hang of his robes. Being unmarried, he spent many + of his evenings at Rhodopis’ house, and had been told the secret of her + granddaughter’s betrothal. + </p> + <p> + On that evening it had been settled, that in four days the marriage should + be celebrated with the greatest privacy. Bartja had formally betrothed + himself to Sappho by eating a quince with her, on the same day on which + she had offered sacrifices to Zeus, Hera, and the other deities who + protected marriage. The wedding-banquet was to be given at the house of + Theopompus, which was looked upon as the bridegroom’s. The prince’s costly + bridal presents had been entrusted to Rhodopis’ care, and Bartja had + insisted on renouncing the paternal inheritance which belonged to his + bride and on transferring it to Rhodopis, notwithstanding her determined + resistance. + </p> + <p> + Syloson accompanied the friends to Rhodopis’ house, and was just about to + leave them, when a loud noise in the streets broke the quiet stillness of + the night, and soon after, a troop of the watch passed by, taking a man to + prison. The prisoner seemed highly indignant, and the less his broken + Greek oaths and his utterances in some other totally unintelligible + language were understood by the Egyptian guards, the more violent he + became. + </p> + <p> + Directly Bartja and Darius heard the voice they ran up, and recognized + Zopyrus at once. + </p> + <p> + Syloson and Theopompus stopped the guards, and asked what their captive + had done. The officer on duty recognized them directly; indeed every child + in Naukratis knew the Milesian merchant and the brother of the tyrant + Polykrates by sight; and he answered at once, with a respectful + salutation, that the foreign youth they were leading away had been guilty + of murder. + </p> + <p> + Theopompus then took him on one side and endeavored, by liberal promises, + to obtain the freedom of the prisoner. The man, however, would concede + nothing but a permission to speak with his captive. Meanwhile his friends + begged Zopyrus to tell them at once what had happened, and heard the + following story: The thoughtless fellow had visited the flower-girls at + dusk and remained till dawn. He had scarcely closed their housedoor on his + way home, when he found himself surrounded by a number of young men, who + had probably been lying in wait for him, as he had already had a quarrel + with one of them, who called himself the betrothed lover of Stephanion, on + that very morning. The girl had told her troublesome admirer to leave her + flowers alone, and had thanked Zopyrus for threatening to use personal + violence to the intruder. When the young Achaemenidae found himself + surrounded, he drew his sword and easily dispersed his adversaries, as + they were only armed with sticks, but chanced to wound the jealous lover, + who was more violent than the rest, so seriously, that he fell to the + ground. Meanwhile the watch had come up, and as Zopyrus’ victim howled + “thieves” and “murder” incessantly, they proceeded to arrest the offender. + This was not so easy. His blood was up, and rushing on them with his drawn + sword, he had already cut his way through the first troop when a second + came up. He was not to be daunted, attacked them too, split the skull of + one, wounded another in the arm and was taking aim for a third blow, when + he felt a cord round his neck. It was drawn tighter and tighter till at + last he could not breathe and fell down insensible. By the time he came to + his senses he was bound, and notwithstanding all his appeals to his pass + and the name of Theopompus, was forced to follow his captors. + </p> + <p> + When the tale was finished the Milesian did not attempt to conceal his + strong disapprobation, and told Zopyrus that his most unseasonable love of + fighting might be followed by the saddest consequences. After saying this, + he turned to the officer and begged him to accept his own personal + security for the prisoner. The other, however, refused gravely, saying he + might forfeit his own life by doing so, as a law existed in Egypt by which + the concealer of a murder was condemned to death. He must, he assured + them, take the culprit to Sais and deliver him over to the Nomarch for + punishment. “He has murdered an Egyptian,” were his last words, “and must + therefore be tried by an Egyptian supreme court. In any other case I + should be delighted to render you any service in my power.” + </p> + <p> + During this conversation Zopyrus had been begging his friends not to take + any trouble about him. “By Mithras,” he cried, when Bartja offered to + declare himself to the Egyptians as a means of procuring his freedom, “I + vow I’ll stab myself without a second thought, if you give yourselves up + to those dogs of Egyptians. Why the whole town is talking about the war + already, and do you think that if Psamtik knew he’d got such splendid game + in his net, he would let you loose? He would keep you as hostages, of + course. No, no, my friends. Good-bye; may Auramazda send you his best + blessings! and don’t quite forget the jovial Zopyrus, who lived and died + for love and war.” + </p> + <p> + The captain of the band placed himself at the head of his men, gave the + order to march, and in a few minutes Zopyrus was out of sight. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0027" id="link2HCH0027"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XI. + </h2> + <h3> + According to the law of Egypt, Zopyrus had deserved death. + </h3> + <p> + As soon as his friends heard this, they resolved to go to Sais and try to + rescue him by stratagem. Syloson, who had friends there and could speak + the Egyptian language well, offered to help them. + </p> + <p> + Bartja and Darius disguised themselves so completely by dyeing their hair + and eyebrows and wearing broad-brimmed felt-hats,—that they could + scarcely recognize each other. Theopompus provided them with ordinary + Greek dresses, and, an hour after Zopyrus’ arrest, they met the + splendidly-got-up Syloson on the shore of the Nile, entered a boat + belonging to him and manned by his slaves, and, after a short sail, + favored by the wind, reached Sais,—which lay above the waters of the + inundation like an island,—before the burning midsummer sun had + reached its noonday height. + </p> + <p> + They disembarked at a remote part of the town and walked across the + quarter appropriated to the artisans. The workmen were busy at their + calling, notwithstanding the intense noonday heat. The baker’s men were at + work in the open court of the bakehouse, kneading bread—the coarser + kind of dough with the feet, the finer with the hands. Loaves of various + shapes were being drawn out of the ovens-round and oval cakes, and rolls + in the form of sheep, snails and hearts. These were laid in baskets, and + the nimble baker’s boys would put three, four, or even five such baskets + on their heads at once, and carry them off quickly and safely to the + customers living in other quarters of the city. A butcher was slaughtering + an ox before his house, the creature’s legs having been pinioned; and his + men were busy sharpening their knives to cut up a wild goat. Merry + cobblers were calling out to the passers-by from their stalls; carpenters, + tailors, joiners and weavers—were all there, busy at their various + callings. The wives of the work-people were going out marketing, leading + their naked children by the hand, and some soldiers were loitering near a + man who was offering beer and wine for sale. + </p> + <p> + But our friends took very little notice of what was going on in the + streets through which they passed; they followed Syloson in silence. + </p> + <p> + At the Greek guard-house he asked them to wait for him. Syloson, happening + to know the Taxiarch who was on duty that day, went in and asked him if he + had heard anything of a man accused of murder having been brought from + Naukratis to Sais that morning. + </p> + <p> + “Of course,” said the Greek. “It’s not more than half an hour since he + arrived. As they found a purse full of money in his girdle, they think he + must be a Persian spy. I suppose you know that Cambyses is preparing for + war with Egypt.” + </p> + <p> + “Impossible!” + </p> + <p> + “No, no, it’s a fact. The prince-regent has already received information. + A caravan of Arabian merchants arrived yesterday at Pelusium, and brought + the news.” + </p> + <p> + “It will prove as false as their suspicions about this poor young Lydian. + I know him well, and am very sorry for the poor fellow. He belongs to one + of the richest families in Sardis, and only ran away for fear of the + powerful satrap Oroetes, with whom he had had a quarrel. I’ll tell you the + particulars when you come to see me next in Naukratis. Of course you’ll + stay a few days and bring some friends. My brother has sent me some wine + which beats everything I ever tasted. It’s perfect nectar, and I confess I + grudge offering it to any one who’s not, like you, a perfect judge in such + matters.” The Taxiarch’s face brightened up at these words, and grasping + Syloson’s hand, he exclaimed. “By the dog, my friend, we shall not wait to + be asked twice; we’ll come soon enough and take a good pull at your + wine-skins. How would it be if you were to ask Archidice, the three + flower-sisters, and a few flute-playing-girls to supper?” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Archidice—A celebrated Hetaira of Naukratis mentioned by Herod. + II. 135. Flute-playing girls were seldom missing at the young + Greeks’ drinking-parties] +</pre> + <p> + “They shall all be there. By the bye, that reminds me that the + flower-girls were the cause of that poor young Lydian’s imprisonment. Some + jealous idiot attacked him before their house with a number of comrades. + The hot-brained young fellow defended himself....” + </p> + <p> + “And knocked the other down?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes; and so that he’ll never get up again.” + </p> + <p> + “The boy must be a good boxer.” + </p> + <p> + “He had a sword.” + </p> + <p> + “So much the better for him.” + </p> + <p> + “No, so much the worse; for his victim was an Egyptian.” + </p> + <p> + “That’s a bad job. I fear it can only have an unfortunate end. A + foreigner, who kills an Egyptian, is as sure of death as if he had the + rope already round his neck. However, just now he’ll get a few days’ + grace; the priests are all so busy praying for the dying king that they + have no time to try criminals.” + </p> + <p> + “I’d give a great deal to be able to save that poor fellow. I know his + father.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, and then after all he only did his duty. A man must defend himself.” + </p> + <p> + “Do you happen to know where he is imprisoned?” + </p> + <p> + “Of course I do. The great prison is under repair, and so he has been put + for the present in the storehouse between the principal guard-house of the + Egyptian body-guard and the sacred grove of the temple of Neith. I have + only just come home from seeing them take him there.” + </p> + <p> + “He is strong and has plenty of courage; do you think he could get away, + if we helped him?” + </p> + <p> + “No, it would be quite impossible; he’s in a room two stories high; the + only window looks into the sacred grove, and that, you know, is surrounded + by a ten-foot wall, and guarded like the treasury. There are double + sentries at every gate. There’s only one place where it is left unguarded + during the inundation season, because, just here, the water washes the + walls. These worshippers of animals are as cautious as water-wagtails.” + </p> + <p> + “Well, it’s a great pity, but I suppose we must leave the poor fellow to + his fate. Good-bye, Doemones; don’t forget my invitation.” + </p> + <p> + The Samian left the guard-room and went back directly to the two friends, + who were waiting impatiently for him. + </p> + <p> + They listened eagerly to his tidings, and when he had finished his + description of the prison, Darius exclaimed: “I believe a little courage + will save him. He’s as nimble as a cat, and as strong as a bear. I have + thought of a plan.” + </p> + <p> + “Let us hear it,” said Syloson, “and let me give an opinion as to its + practicability.” + </p> + <p> + “We will buy some rope-ladders, some cord, and a good bow, put all these + into our boat, and row to the unguarded part of the temple-wall at dusk. + You must then help me to clamber over it. I shall take the things over + with me and give the eagle’s cry. Zopyras will know at once, because, + since we were children, we have been accustomed to use it when we were + riding or hunting together. Then I shall shoot an arrow, with the cord + fastened to it, up into his window, (I never miss), tell him to fasten a + weight to it and let it down again to me. I shall then secure the + rope-ladder to the cord, Zopyrus will draw the whole affair up again, and + hang it on an iron nail,—which, by the bye, I must not forget to + send up with the ladder, for who knows whether he may have such a thing in + his cell. He will then come down on it, go quickly with me to the part of + the wall where you will be waiting with the boat, and where there must be + another rope-ladder, spring into the boat, and there he is-safe!” + </p> + <p> + “First-rate, first-rate!” cried Bartja. + </p> + <p> + “But very dangerous,” added Syloson. “If we are caught in the sacred + grove, we are certain to be severely punished. The priests hold strange + nightly festivals there, at which every one but the initiated is strictly + forbidden to appear. I believe, however, that these take place on the + lake, and that is at some distance from Zopyrus’ prison.” + </p> + <p> + “So much the better,” cried Darius; “but now to the main point. We must + send at once, and ask Theopompus to hire a fast trireme for us, and have + it put in sailing order at once. The news of Cambyses’ preparations have + already reached Egypt; they take us for spies, and will be sure not to let + either Zopyrus or his deliverers escape, if they can help it. It would be + a criminal rashness to expose ourselves uselessly to danger. Bartja, you + must take this message yourself, and must marry Sappho this very day, for, + come what may, we must leave Naukratis to-morrow. Don’t contradict me, my + friend, my brother! You know our plan, and you must see that as only one + can act in it, your part would be that of a mere looker-on. As it was my + own idea I am determined to carry it out myself. We shall meet again + to-morrow, for Auramazda protects the friendship of the pure.” + </p> + <p> + It was a long time before they could persuade Bartja to leave his friends + in the lurch, but their entreaties and representations at last took + effect, and he went down towards the river to take a boat for Naukratis, + Darius and Syloson going at the same time to buy the necessary implements + for their plan. + </p> + <p> + In order to reach the place where boats were to be hired, Bartja had to + pass by the temple of Neith. This was not easy, as an immense crowd was + assembled at the entrance-gates. He pushed his way as far as the obelisks + near the great gate of the temple with its winged sun-disc and fluttering + pennons, but there the temple-servants prevented him from going farther; + they were keeping the avenue of sphinxes clear for a procession. The + gigantic doors of the Pylon opened, and Bartja, who, in spite of himself, + had been pushed into the front row, saw a brilliant procession come out of + the temple. The unexpected sight of many faces he had formerly known + occupied his attention so much, that he scarcely noticed the loss of his + broad-brimmed hat, which had been knocked off in the crowd. From the + conversation of two Ionian mercenaries behind him he learnt that the + family of Amasis had been to the temple to pray for the dying king. + </p> + <p> + The procession was headed by richly-decorated priests, either wearing long + white robes or pantherskins. They were followed by men holding office at + the court, and carrying golden staves, on the ends of which peacocks’ + feathers and silver lotus-flowers were fastened, and these by Pastophori, + carrying on their shoulders a golden cow, the animal sacred to Isis. When + the crowd had bowed down before this sacred symbol, the queen appeared. + She was dressed in priestly robes and wore a costly head-dress with the + winged disc and the Uraeus. In her left hand she held a sacred golden + sistrum, the tones of which were to scare away Typhon, and in her right + some lotus-flowers. The wife, daughter and sister of the high-priest + followed her, in similar but less splendid ornaments. Then came the heir + to the throne, in rich robes of state, as priest and prince; and behind + him four young priests in white carrying Tachot, (the daughter of Amasis + and Ladice and the pretended sister of Nitetis,) in an open litter. The + heat of the day, and the earnestness of her prayers, had given the sick + girl a slight color. Her blue eyes, filled with tears, were fixed on the + sistrum which her weak, emaciated hands had hardly strength to hold. + </p> + <p> + A murmur of compassion ran through the crowd; for they loved their dying + king, and manifested openly and gladly the sympathy so usually felt for + young lives from whom a brilliant future has been snatched by disease. + Such was Amasis’ young, fading daughter, who was now being carried past + them, and many an eye grew dim as the beautiful invalid came in sight. + Tachot seemed to notice this, for she raised her eyes from the sistrum and + looked kindly and gratefully at the crowd. Suddenly the color left her + face, she turned deadly pale, and the golden sistrum fell on to the stone + pavement with a clang, close to Bartja’s feet. He felt that he had been + recognized and for one moment thought of hiding himself in the crowd; but + only for one moment—his chivalrous feeling gained the day, he darted + forward, picked up the sistrum, and forgetting the danger in which he was + placing himself, held it out to the princess. + </p> + <p> + Tachot looked at him earnestly before taking the golden sistrum from his + hands, and then said, in a low voice, which only he could understand: “Are + you Bartja? Tell me, in your mother’s name—are you Bartja?” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, I am,” was his answer, in a voice as low as her own, “your friend, + Bartja.” + </p> + <p> + He could not say more, for the priests pushed him back among the crowd. + When he was in his old place, he noticed that Tachot, whose bearers had + begun to move on again, was looking round at him. The color had come back + into her cheeks, and her bright eyes were trying to meet his. He did not + avoid them; she threw him a lotus-bud-he stooped to pick it up, and then + broke his way through the crowd, for this hasty act had roused their + attention. + </p> + <p> + A quarter of an hour later, he was seated in the boat which was to take + him to Sappho and to his wedding. He was quite at ease now about Zopyrus. + In Bartja’s eyes his friend was already as good as saved, and in spite of + the dangers which threatened himself, he felt strangely calm and happy, he + could hardly say why. + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile the sick princess had been carried home, had had her oppressive + ornaments taken off, and her couch carried on to one of the + palace-balconies where she liked best to pass the hot summer days, + sheltered by broad-leaved plants, and a kind of awning. + </p> + <p> + From this veranda, she could look down into the great fore-court of the + palace, which was planted with trees. To-day it was full of priests, + courtiers, generals and governors of provinces. Anxiety and suspense were + expressed in every face: Amasis’ last hour was drawing very near. + </p> + <p> + Tachot could not be seen from below; but listening with feverish + eagerness, she could hear much that was said. Now that they had to dread + the loss of their king, every one, even the priests, were full of his + praises. The wisdom and circumspection of his plans and modes of + government, his unwearied industry, the moderation he had always shown, + the keenness of his wit, were, each and all, subjects of admiration. “How + Egypt has prospered under Amasis’ government!” said a Nomarch. “And what + glory he gained for our arms, by the conquest of Cyprus and the war with + the Libyans!” cried one of the generals. “How magnificently he embellished + our temples, and what great honors he paid to the goddess of Sais!” + exclaimed one of the singers of Neith. “And then how gracious and + condescending he was!” murmured a courtier. “How cleverly he managed to + keep peace with the great powers!” said the secretary of state, and the + treasurer, wiping away a tear, cried: “How thoroughly he understood the + management of the revenue! Since the reign of Rameses III. the treasury + has not been so well filled as now.” “Psamtik comes into a fine + inheritance,” lisped the courtier, and the soldier exclaimed, “Yes, but + it’s to be feared that he’ll not spend it in a glorious war; he’s too much + under the influence of the priests.” “No, you are wrong there,” answered + the temple-singer. “For some time past, our lord and master has seemed to + disdain the advice of his most faithful servants.” “The successor of such + a father will find it difficult to secure universal approbation,” said the + Nomarch. “It is not every one who has the intellect, the good fortune and + the wisdom of Amasis.” “The gods know that!” murmured the warrior with a + sigh. + </p> + <p> + Tachot’s tears flowed fast. These words were a confirmation of what they + had been trying to hide from her: she was to lose her dear father soon. + </p> + <p> + After she had made this dreadful certainty clear to her own mind, and + discovered that it was in vain to beg her attendants to carry her to her + dying father, she left off listening to the courtiers below, and began + looking at the sistrum which Bartja himself had put into her hand, and + which she had brought on to the balcony with her, as if seeking comfort + there. And she found what she sought; for it seemed to her as if the sound + of its sacred rings bore her away into a smiling, sunny landscape. + </p> + <p> + That faintness which so often comes over people in decline, had seized her + and was sweetening her last hours with pleasant dreams. + </p> + <p> + The female slaves, who stood round to fan away the flies, said afterwards + that Tachot had never looked so lovely. + </p> + <p> + She had lain about an hour in this state, when her breathing became more + difficult, a slight cough made her breast heave, and the bright red blood + trickled down from her lips on to her white robe. She awoke, and looked + surprised and disappointed on seeing the faces round her. The sight of her + mother, however, who came on to the veranda at that moment, brought a + smile to her face, and she said, “O mother, I have had such a beautiful + dream.” + </p> + <p> + “Then our visit to the temple has done my dear child good?” asked the + queen, trembling at the sight of the blood on the sick girl’s lips. + </p> + <p> + “Oh, yes, mother, so much! for I saw him again.” Ladice’s glance at the + attendants seemed to ask “Has your poor mistress lost her senses?” Tachot + understood the look and said, evidently speaking with great difficulty: + “You think I am wandering, mother. No, indeed, I really saw and spoke to + him. He gave me my sistrum again, and said he was my friend, and then he + took my lotus-bud and vanished. Don’t look so distressed and surprised, + mother. What I say is really true; it is no dream.—There, you hear, + Tentrut saw him too. He must have come to Sais for my sake, and so the + child-oracle in the temple-court did not deceive me, after all. And now I + don’t feel anything more of my illness; I dreamt I was lying in a field of + blooming poppies, as red as the blood of the young lambs that are offered + in sacrifice; Bartja was sitting by my side, and Nitetis was kneeling + close to us and playing wonderful songs on a Nabla made of ivory. And + there was such a lovely sound in the air that I felt as if Horus, the + beautiful god of morning, spring, and the resurrection, was kissing me. + Yes, mother, I tell you he is coming soon, and when I am well, then—then—ah, + mother what is this?... I am dying!” + </p> + <p> + Ladice knelt down by her child’s bed and pressed her lips in burning + kisses on the girl’s eyes as they grew dim in death. + </p> + <p> + An hour later she was standing by another bedside—her dying + husband’s. + </p> + <p> + Severe suffering had disfigured the king’s features, the cold perspiration + was standing on his forehead, and his hands grasped the golden lions on + the arms of the deep-seated invalid chair in which he was resting, almost + convulsively. + </p> + <p> + When Ladice came in he opened his eyes; they were as keen and intelligent + as if he had never lost his sight. + </p> + <p> + “Why do not you bring Tachot to me?” he asked in a dry voice. + </p> + <p> + “She is too ill, and suffers so much, that...” + </p> + <p> + “She is dead! Then it is well with her, for death is not punishment; it is + the end and aim of life,—the only end that we can attain without + effort, but through sufferings!—the gods alone know how great. + Osiris has taken her to himself, for she was innocent. And Nitetis is dead + too. Where is Nebenchari’s letter?” + </p> + <p> + “Here is the place: ‘She took her own life, and died calling down a heavy + curse on thee and thine. The poor, exiled, scorned and plundered oculist + Nebenchari in Babylon sends thee this intelligence to Egypt. It is as true + as his own hatred of thee.’ Listen to these words, Psamtik, and remember + how on his dying bed thy father told thee that, for every drachm of + pleasure purchased on earth by wrong-doing, the dying bed will be burdened + by a talent’s weight of remorse. Fearful misery is coming on Egypt for + Nitetis’ sake. Cambyses is preparing to make war on us. He will sweep down + on Egypt like a scorching wind from the desert. Much, which I have staked + my nightly sleep and the very marrow of my existence to bring into + existence, will be annihilated. Still I have not lived in vain. For forty + years I have been the careful father and benefactor of a great nation. + Children and children’s children will speak of Amasis as a great, wise and + humane king; they will read my name on the great works which I have built + in Sais and Thebes, and will praise the greatness of my power. Neither + shall I be condemned by Osiris and the forty-two judges of the nether + world; the goddess of truth, who holds the balances, will find that my + good deeds outweigh my bad.”—Here the king sighed deeply and + remained silent for some time. Then, looking tenderly at his wife, he + said: “Ladice, thou hast been a faithful, virtuous wife to me. For this I + thank thee, and ask thy forgiveness for much. We have often misunderstood + one another. Indeed it was easier for me to accustom myself to the Greek + modes of thought, than for a Greek to understand our Egyptian ideas. Thou + know’st my love of Greek art,—thou know’st how I enjoyed the society + of thy friend Pythagoras, who was thoroughly initiated in all that we + believe and know, and adopted much from us. He comprehended the deep + wisdom which lies in the doctrines that I reverence most, and he took care + not to speak lightly of truths which our priests are perhaps too careful + to hide from the people; for though the many bow down before that which + they cannot understand, they would be raised and upheld by those very + truths, if explained to them. To a Greek mind our worship of animals + presents the greatest difficulty, but to my own the worship of the Creator + in his creatures seems more just and more worthy of a human being, than + the worship of his likeness in stone. The Greek deities are moreover + subject to every human infirmity; indeed I should have made my queen very + unhappy by living in the same manner as her great god Zeus.” + </p> + <p> + At these words the king smiled, and then went on: “And what has given rise + to this? The Hellenic love of beauty in form, which, in the eye of a + Greek, is superior to every thing else. He cannot separate the body from + the soul, because he holds it to be the most glorious of formed things, + and indeed, believes that a beautiful spirit must necessarily inhabit a + beautiful body. Their gods, therefore, are only elevated human beings, but + we adore an unseen power working in nature and in ourselves. The animal + takes its place between ourselves and nature; its actions are guided, not, + like our own, by the letter, but by the eternal laws of nature, which owe + their origin to the Deity, while the letter is a device of man’s own mind. + And then, too, where amongst ourselves do we find so earnest a longing and + endeavor to gain freedom, the highest good, as among the animals? Where + such a regular and well-balanced life from generation to generation, + without instruction or precept?” + </p> + <p> + Here the king’s voice failed. He was obliged to pause for a few moments, + and then continued: “I know that my end is near; therefore enough of these + matters. My son and successor, hear my last wishes and act upon them; they + are the result of experience. But alas! how often have I seen, that rules + of life given by one man to another are useless. Every man must earn his + own experience. His own losses make him prudent, his own learning wise. + Thou, my son, art coming to the throne at a mature age; thou hast had time + and opportunity to judge between right and wrong, to note what is + beneficial and what hurtful, to see and compare many things. I give thee, + therefore, only a few wholesome counsels, and only fear that though I + offer them with my right hand, thou wilt accept them with the left. + </p> + <p> + “First, however, I must say that, notwithstanding my blindness, my + indifference to what has been going on during the past months has been + only apparent. I left you to your own devices with a good intention. + Rhodopis told me once one of her teacher AEsop’s fables: ‘A traveller, + meeting a man on his road, asked him how long it would be before he + reached the nearest town.’ ‘Go on, go on,’ cried the other. ‘But I want to + know first when I shall get to the town.’ ‘Go on, only go on,’ was the + answer. The traveller left him with angry words and abuse; but he had not + gone many steps when the man called after him: ‘You will be there in an + hour. I could not answer your question until I had seen your pace.’ + </p> + <p> + “I bore this fable in my mind for my son’s sake, and watched in silence at + what pace he was ruling his people. Now I have discovered what I wish to + know, and this is my advice: Examine into everything your self. It is the + duty of every man, but especially of a king, to acquaint himself + intimately with all that concerns the weal or woe of his people. You, my + son, are in the habit of using the eyes and ears of other men instead of + going to the fountain-head yourself. I am sure that your advisers, the + priests, only desire what is good; but... Neithotep, I must beg you to + leave us alone for a few moments.” + </p> + <p> + When the priest was gone the king exclaimed “They wish for what is good, + but good only for themselves. But we are not kings of priests and + aristocrats only, we are kings of a nation! Do not listen to the advice of + this proud caste alone, but read every petition yourself, and, by + appointing Nomarchs devoted to the king and beloved by the people, make + yourself acquainted with the needs and wishes of the Egyptian nation. It + is not difficult to govern well, if you are aware of the state of feeling + in your land. Choose fit men to fill the offices of state. I have taken + care that the kingdom shall be properly divided. The laws are good, and + have proved themselves so; hold fast by these laws, and trust no one who + sets himself above them; for law is invariably wiser than the individual + man, and its transgressor deserves his punishment. The people understand + this well, and are ready to sacrifice themselves for us, when they see + that we are ready to give up our own will to the law. You do not care for + the people. I know their voice is often rude and rough, but it utters + wholesome truths, and no one needs to hear truth more than a king. The + Pharaoh who chooses priests and courtiers for his advisers, will hear + plenty of flattering words, while he who tries to fulfil the wishes of the + nation will have much to suffer from those around him; but the latter will + feel peace in his own heart, and be praised in the ages to come. I have + often erred, yet the Egyptians will weep for me, as one who knew their + needs and considered their welfare like a father. A king who really knows + his duties, finds it an easy and beautiful task to win the love of the + people—an unthankful one to gain the applause of the great—almost + an impossibility to content both. + </p> + <p> + “Do not forget,—I say it again,—that kings and priests exist + for the people, and not the people for their kings and priests. Honor + religion for its own sake and as the most important means of securing the + obedience of the governed to their governors; but at the same time show + its promulgators that you look on them, not as receptacles, but as + servants, of the Deity. Hold fast, as the law commands, by what is old; + but never shut the gates of your kingdom against what is new, if better. + Bad men break at once with the old traditions; fools only care for what is + new and fresh; the narrowminded and the selfish privileged class cling + indiscriminately to all that is old, and pronounce progress to be a sin; + but the wise endeavor to retain all that has approved itself in the past, + to remove all that has become defective, and to adopt whatever is good, + from whatever source it may have sprung. Act thus, my son. The priests + will try to keep you back—the Greeks to urge you forward. Choose one + party or the other, but beware of indecision—of yielding to the one + to-day, to the other to-morrow. Between two stools a man falls to the + ground. Let the one party be your friends, the other your enemies; by + trying to please both, you will have both opposed to you. Human beings + hate the man who shows kindness to their enemies. In the last few months, + during which you have ruled independently, both parties have been offended + by your miserable indecision. The man who runs backwards and forwards like + a child, makes no progress, and is soon weary. I have till now—till + I felt that death was near—always encouraged the Greeks and opposed + the priests. In the active business of life, the clever, brave Greeks + seemed to me especially serviceable; at death, I want men who can make me + out a pass into the nether regions. The gods forgive me for not being able + to resist words that sound so like a joke, even in my last hour! They + created me and must take me as I am. I rubbed my hands for joy when I + became king; with thee, my son, coming to the throne is a graver matter.—Now + call Neithotep back; I have still something to say to you both.” + </p> + <p> + The king gave his hand to the high-priest as he entered, saving: “I leave + you, Neithotep, without ill-will, though my opinion that you have been a + better priest than a servant to your king, remains unaltered. Psamtik will + probably prove a more obedient follower than I have been, but one thing I + wish to impress earnestly on you both: Do not dismiss the Greek + mercenaries until the war with the Persians is over, and has ended we will + hope—in victory for Egypt. My former predictions are not worth + anything now; when death draws near, we get depressed, and things begin to + look a little black. Without the auxiliary troops we shall be hopelessly + lost, but with them victory is not impossible. Be clever; show the Ionians + that they are fighting on the Nile for the freedom of their own country—that + Cambyses, if victorious, will not be contented with Egypt alone, while his + defeat may bring freedom to their own enslaved countrymen in Ionia. I know + you agree with me, Neithotep, for in your heart you mean well to Egypt.—Now + read me the prayers. I feel exhausted; my end must be very near. If I + could only forget that poor Nitetis! had she the right to curse us? May + the judges of the dead-may Osiris—have mercy on our souls! Sit down + by me, Ladice; lay thy hand on my burning forehead. And Psamtik, in + presence of these witnesses, swear to honor and respect thy step-mother, + as if thou wert her own child. My poor wife! Come and seek me soon before + the throne of Osiris. A widow and childless, what hast thou to do with + this world? We brought up Nitetis as our own daughter, and yet we are so + heavily punished for her sake. But her curse rests on us—and only on + us;—not on thee, Psamtik, nor on thy children. Bring my grandson. + Was that a tear? Perhaps; well, the little things to which one has + accustomed one’s self are generally the hardest to give up.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ...................... +</pre> + <p> + Rhodopis entertained a fresh guest that evening; Kallias, the son of + Phoenippus, the same who first appeared in our tale as the bearer of news + from the Olympic games. + </p> + <p> + The lively, cheerful Athenian had just come back from his native country, + and, as an old and tried friend, was not only received by Rhodopis, but + made acquainted with the secret of Sappho’s marriage. + </p> + <p> + Knakias, her old slave, had, it is true, taken in the flag which was the + sign of reception, two days ago; but he knew that Kallias was always + welcome to his mistress, and therefore admitted him just as readily as he + refused every one else. + </p> + <p> + The Athenian had plenty to tell, and when Rhodopis was called away on + business, he took his favorite Sappho into the garden, joking and teasing + her gaily as they looked out for her lover’s coming. But Bartja did not + come, and Sappho began to be so anxious that Kallias called old Melitta, + whose longing looks in the direction of Naukratis were, if possible, more + anxious even than those of her mistress, and told her to fetch a musical + instrument which he had brought with him. + </p> + <p> + It was a rather large lute, made of gold and ivory, and as he handed it to + Sappho, he said, with a smile: “The inventor of this glorious instrument, + the divine Anakreon, had it made expressly for me, at my own wish. He + calls it a Barbiton, and brings wonderful tones from its chords—tones + that must echo on even into the land of shadows. I have told this poet, + who offers his life as one great sacrifice to the Muses, Eros and + Dionysus, a great deal about you, and he made me promise to bring you this + song, which he wrote on purpose for you, as a gift from himself. + </p> + <p> + “Now, what do you say to this song? But by Hercules, child, how pale you + are! Have the verses affected you so much, or are you frightened at this + likeness of your own longing heart? Calm yourself, girl. Who knows what + may have happened to your lover?” + </p> + <p> + “Nothing has happened,—nothing,” cried a gay, manly voice, and in a + few seconds Sappho was in the arms of him she loved. + </p> + <p> + Kallias looked on quietly, smiling at the wonderful beauty of these two + young lovers. + </p> + <p> + “But now,” said the prince, after Sappho had made him acquainted with + Kallias, “I must go at once to your grandmother. We dare not wait four + days for our wedding. It must be to-day! There is danger in every hour of + delay. Is Theopompus here?” + </p> + <p> + “I think he must be,” said Sappho. “I know of nothing else, that could + keep my grandmother so long in the house. But tell me, what is this about + our marriage? It seems to me...” + </p> + <p> + “Let us go in first, love. I fancy a thunder-storm must be coming on. The + sky is so dark, and it’s so intolerably sultry.” + </p> + <p> + “As you like, only make haste, unless you mean me to die of impatience. + There is not the slightest reason to be afraid of a storm. Since I was a + child there has not been either lightning or thunder in Egypt at this time + of year.” + </p> + <p> + “Then you will see something new to-day,” said Kallias, laughing; for a + large drop of rain has just fallen on my bald head, “the Nile-swallows + were flying close to the water as I came here, and you see there is a + cloud coming over the moon already. Come in quickly, or you will get wet. + Ho, slave, see that a black lamb is offered to the gods of the lower + world.” + </p> + <p> + They found Theopompus sitting in Rhodopis’ own apartment, as Sappho had + supposed. He had finished telling her the story of Zopyrus’ arrest, and of + the journey which Bartja and his friends had taken on his behalf. + </p> + <p> + Their anxiety on the matter was beginning to be so serious, that Bartja’s + unexpected appearance was a great relief. His words flew as he repeated + the events of the last few hours, and begged Theopompus to look out at + once for a ship in sailing order, to convey himself and his friends from + Egypt. + </p> + <p> + “That suits famously,” exclaimed Kallias. “My own trireme brought me from + Naukratis to-day; it is lying now, fully equipped for sea, in the port, + and is quite at your service. I have only to send orders to the steersman + to keep the crew together and everything in sailing order.—You are + under no obligations to me; on the contrary it is I who have to thank you + for the honor you will confer on me. Ho, Knakias!—tell my slave + Philomelus, he’s waiting in the hall,—to take a boat to the port, + and order my steersman Nausarchus to keep the ship in readiness for + starting. Give him this seal; it empowers him to do all that is + necessary.” + </p> + <p> + “And my slaves?” said Bartja. + </p> + <p> + “Knakias can tell my old steward to take them to Kallias’ ship,” answered + Theopompus. + </p> + <p> + “And when they see this,” said Bartja, giving the old servant his ring, + “they will obey without a question.” + </p> + <p> + Knakias went away with many a deep obeisance, and the prince went on: + “Now, my mother, I have a great petition to ask of you.” + </p> + <p> + “I guess what it is,” said Rhodopis, with a smile. “You wish your marriage + to be hastened, and I see that I dare not oppose your wish.” + </p> + <p> + “If I’m not mistaken,” said Kallias, “we have a remarkable case here. Two + people are in great peril, and find that very peril a matter of + rejoicing.” + </p> + <p> + “Perhaps you are right there,” said Bartja, pressing Sappho’s hand + unperceived. And then, turning to Rhodopis again, he begged her to delay + no longer in trusting her dearest treasure to his care,—a treasure + whose worth he knew so well. + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis rose, she laid her right hand on Sappho’s head and her left on + Bartja’s, and said: “There is a myth which tells of a blue lake in the + land of roses; its waves are sometimes calm and gentle, but at others they + rise into a stormy flood; the taste of its waters is partly sweet as + honey, partly bitter as gall. Ye will learn the meaning of this legend in + the marriage-land of roses. Ye will pass calm and stormy-sweet and bitter + hours there. So long as thou wert a child, Sappho, thy life passed on like + a cloudless spring morning, but when thou becam’st a maiden, and hadst + learnt to love, thine heart was opened to admit pain; and during the long + months of separation pain was a frequent guest there. This guest will seek + admission as long as life lasts. Bartja, it will be your duty to keep this + intruder away from Sappho, as far as it lies in your power. I know the + world. I could perceive,—even before Croesus told me of your + generous nature,—that you were worthy of my Sappho. This justified + me in allowing you to eat the quince with her; this induces me now to + entrust to you, without fear, what I have always looked upon as a sacred + pledge committed to my keeping. Look upon her too only as a loan. Nothing + is more dangerous to love, than a comfortable assurance of exclusive + possession—I have been blamed for allowing such an inexperienced + child to go forth into your distant country, where custom is so + unfavorable to women; but I know what love is;—I know that a girl + who loves, knows no home but the heart of her husband;—the woman + whose heart has been touched by Eros no misfortune but that of separation + from him whom she has chosen. And besides, I would ask you, Kallias and + Theopompus, is the position of your own wives so superior to that of the + Persian women? Are not the women of Ionia and Attica forced to pass their + lives in their own apartments, thankful if they are allowed to cross the + street accompanied by suspicious and distrustful slaves? As to the custom + which prevails in Persia of taking many wives, I have no fear either for + Bartja or Sappho. He will be more faithful to his wife than are many + Greeks, for he will find in her what you are obliged to seek, on the one + hand in marriage, on the other in the houses of the cultivated Hetaere:—in + the former, housewives and mothers, in the latter, animated and enlivening + intellectual society. Take her, my son. I give her to you as an old + warrior gives his sword, his best possession, to his stalwart son:—he + gives it gladly and with confidence. Whithersoever she may go she will + always remain a Greek, and it comforts me to think that in her new home + she will bring honor to the Greek name and friends to our nation, Child, I + thank thee for those tears. I can command my own, but fate has made me pay + an immeasurable price for the power of doing so. The gods have heard your + oath, my noble Bartja. Never forget it, but take her as your own, your + friend, your wife. Take her away as soon as your friends return; it is not + the will of the gods that the Hymenaeus should be sung at Sappho’s nuptial + rites.” + </p> + <p> + As she said these words she laid Sappho’s hand in Bartja’s, embraced her + with passionate tenderness, and breathed a light kiss on the forehead of + the young Persian. Then turning to her Greek friends, who stood by, much + affected: + </p> + <p> + “That was a quiet nuptial ceremony,” she said; “no songs, no torch-light! + May their union be so much the happier. Melitta, bring the bride’s + marriage-ornaments, the bracelets and necklaces which lie in the bronze + casket on my dressing-table, that our darling may give her hand to her + lord attired as beseems a future princess.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, and do not linger on the way,” cried Kallias, whose old cheerfulness + had now returned. “Neither can we allow the niece of the greatest of + Hymen’s poets to be married without the sound of song and music. The young + husband’s house is, to be sure, too far off for our purpose, so we will + suppose that the andronitis is his dwelling. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The Hymenaeus was the wedding-song, so called because of its + refrain “Hymen O! Hymenae’ O!” The god of marriage, Hymen, took + his origin and name from the hymn, was afterwards decked out richly + with myths, and finally, according to Catullus, received a seat on + Mount Helikon with the Muses.] + + [A Greek bride was beautifully adorned for her marriage, and her + bridesmaids received holiday garments. Homer, Odyss. VI. 27. + Besides which, after the bath, which both bride and bridegroom were + obliged to take, she was anointed with sweet-smelling essences. + Thucyd. II. 15. Xenoph. Symp. II. 3.] +</pre> + <p> + “We will conduct the maiden thither by the centre door, and there we will + enjoy a merry wedding-feast by the family hearth. Here, slavegirls, come + and form yourselves into two choruses. Half of your number take the part + of the youths; the other half that of the maidens, and sing us Sappho’s + Hymenaeus. I will be the torch-bearer; that dignity is mine by right. You + must know, Bartja, that my family has an hereditary right to carry the + torches at the Eleusinian mysteries and we are therefore called Daduchi or + torch-bearers. Ho, slave! see that the door of the andronitis is hung with + flowers, and tell your comrades to meet us with a shower of sweetmeats as + we enter. That’s right, Melitta; why, how did you manage to get those + lovely violet and myrtle marriage-crowns made so quickly? The rain is + streaming through the opening above. You see, Hymen has persuaded Zeus to + help him; so that not a single marriage-rite shall be omitted. You could + not take the bath, which ancient custom prescribes for the bride and + bridegroom on the morning of their wedding-day, so you have only to stand + here a moment and take the rain of Zeus as an equivalent for the waters of + the sacred spring. Now, girls, begin your song. Let the maidens bewail the + rosy days of childhood, and the youths praise the lot of those who marry + young.” + </p> + <p> + Five well-practised treble voices now began to sing the chorus of virgins + in a sad and plaintive tone. + </p> + <p> + Suddenly the song was hushed, for a flash of lightning had shone down + through the aperture beneath which Kallias had stationed the bride and + bridegroom, followed by a loud peal of thunder. “See!” cried the Daduchus, + raising his hand to heaven, “Zeus himself has taken the nuptial-torch, and + sings the Hymenaeus for his favorites.” + </p> + <p> + At dawn the next morning, Sappho and Bartja left the house and went into + the garden. After the violent storm which had raged all night, the garden + was looking as fresh and cheerful in the morning light as the faces of the + newly-married pair. + </p> + <p> + Bartja’s anxiety for his friends, whom he had almost forgotten in the + excitement of his marriage, had roused them so early. + </p> + <p> + The garden had been laid out on an artificial hill, which overlooked the + inundated plain. Blue and white lotus-blossoms floated on the smooth + surface of the water, and vast numbers of water-birds hovered along the + shores or over the flood. Flocks of white, herons appeared on the banks, + their plumage gleaming like glaciers on distant mountain peaks; a solitary + eagle circled upward on its broad pinions through the pure morning air, + turtle-doves nestled in the tops of the palm-trees; pelicans and ducks + fluttered screaming away, whenever a gay sail appeared. The air had been + cooled by the storm, a fresh north-wind was blowing, and, notwithstanding + the early hour, there were a number of boats sailing over the deluged + fields before the breeze. The songs of the rowers, the plashing strokes of + their oars and the cries of the birds, all contributed to enliven the + watery landscape of the Nile valley, which, though varied in color, was + somewhat monotonous. + </p> + <p> + Bartja and Sappho stood leaning on each other by the low wall which ran + round Rhodopis’ garden, exchanging tender words and watching the scene + below, till at last Bartja’s quick eye caught sight of a boat making + straight for the house and coming on fast by the help of the breeze and + powerful rowers. + </p> + <p> + A few minutes later the boat put in to shore and Zopyrus with his + deliverers stood before them. + </p> + <p> + Darius’s plan had succeeded perfectly, thanks to the storm, which, by its + violence and the unusual time of its appearance, had scared the Egyptians; + but still there was no time to be lost, as it might reasonably be supposed + that the men of Sais would pursue their fugitive with all the means at + their command. + </p> + <p> + Sappho, therefore, had to take a short farewell of her grandmother, all + the more tender, however, for its shortness,—and then, led by Rartja + and followed by old Melitta, who was to accompany her to Persia, she went + on board Syloson’s boat. After an hour’s sail they reached a + beautifully-built and fast-sailing vessel, the Hygieia, which belonged to + Kallias. + </p> + <p> + He was waiting for them on board his trireme. The leave-taking between + himself and his young friends was especially affectionate. Bartja hung a + heavy and costly gold chain round the neck of the old man in token of his + gratitude, while Syloson, in remembrance of the dangers they had shared + together, threw his purple cloak over Darius’ shoulders. It was a + master-specimen of Tynan dye, and had taken the latter’s fancy. Darius + accepted the gift with pleasure, and said, as he took leave: “You must + never forget that I am indebted to you, my Greek friend, and as soon as + possible give me an opportunity of doing you service in return.” + </p> + <p> + “You ought to come to me first, though,” exclaimed Zopyrus, embracing his + deliverer. “I am perfectly ready to share my last gold piece with you; or + what is more, if it would do you a service, to sit a whole week in that + infernal hole from which you saved me. Ah! they’re weighing anchor. + Farewell, you brave Greek. Remember me to the flower-sisters, especially + to the pretty, little Stephanion, and tell her her long-legged lover won’t + be able to plague her again for some time to come at least. And then, one + more thing; take this purse of gold for the wife and children of that + impertinent fellow, whom I struck too hard in the heat of the fray.” + </p> + <p> + The anchors fell rattling on to the deck, the wind filled the sails, the + Trieraules—[Flute-player to a trireme]—took his flute and set + the measure of the monotonous Keleusma or rowing-song, which echoed again + from the hold of the vessel. The beak of the ship bearing the statue of + Hygieia, carved in wood, began to move. Bartja and Sappho stood at the + helm and gazed towards Naukratis, until the shores of the Nile vanished + and the green waves of the Hellenic sea splashed their foam over the deck + of the trireme. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0028" id="link2HCH0028"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XII. + </h2> + <p> + Our young bride and bridegroom had not travelled farther than Ephesus, + when the news reached them that Amasis was dead. From Ephesus they went to + Babylon, and thence to Pasargadae, which Kassandane, Atossa and Croesus + had made their temporary residence. Kassandane was to accompany the army + to Egypt, and wished, now that Nebenchari had restored her sight, to see + the monument which had lately been built to her great husband’s memory + after Croesus’ design, before leaving for so long a journey. She rejoiced + in finding it worthy of the great Cyrus, and spent hours every day in the + beautiful gardens which had been laid out round the mausoleum. + </p> + <p> + It consisted of a gigantic sarcophagus made of solid marble blocks, and + resting like a house on a substructure composed of six high marble steps. + The interior was fitted up like a room, and contained, beside the golden + coffin in which were preserved such few remains of Cyrus as had been + spared by the dogs, vultures, and elements, a silver bed and a table of + the same metal, on which were golden drinking-cups and numerous garments + ornamented with the rarest and most costly jewels. + </p> + <p> + The building was forty feet high. The shady paradises—[Persian + pleasure-gardens]—and colonnades by which it was surrounded had been + planned by Croesus, and in the midst of the sacred grove was a + dwelling-house for the Magi appointed to watch over the tomb. + </p> + <p> + The palace of Cyrus could be seen in the distance—a palace in which + he had appointed that the future kings of Persia should pass at least some + months of every year. It was a splendid building in the style of a + fortress, and so inaccessibly placed that it had been fixed on as the + royal treasure-house. + </p> + <p> + Here, in the fresh mountain air of a place dedicated to the memory of the + husband she had loved so much, Kassandane felt well and at peace; she was + glad too to see that Atossa was recovering the old cheerfulness, which she + had so sadly lost since the death of Nitetis and the departure of Darius. + Sappho soon became the friend of her new mother and sister, and all three + felt very loath to leave the lovely Pasargadm. + </p> + <p> + Darius and Zopyrus had remained with the army which was assembling in the + plains of the Euphrates, and Bartja too had to return thither before the + march began. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses went out to meet his family on their return; he was much + impressed with Sappho’s great beauty, but she confessed to her husband + that his brother only inspired her with fear. + </p> + <p> + The king had altered very much in the last few months. His formerly pale + and almost noble features were reddened and disfigured by the quantities + of wine he was in the habit of drinking. In his dark eyes there was the + old fire still, but dimmed and polluted. His hair and beard, formerly so + luxuriant, and black as the raven’s wing, hung down grey and disordered + over his face and chin, and the proud smile which used so to improve his + features had given way to an expression of contemptuous annoyance and + harsh severity. + </p> + <p> + Sometimes he laughed,—loudly, immoderately and coarsely; but this + was only when intoxicated, a condition which had long ceased to be unusual + with him. + </p> + <p> + He continued to retain an aversion to his wives; so much so that the royal + harem was to be left behind in Susa, though all his court took their + favorite wives and concubines with them on the campaign. Still no one + could complain that the king was ever guilty of injustice; indeed he + insisted more eagerly now than before on the rigid execution of the law; + and wherever he detected an abuse his punishments were cruel and + inexorable. Hearing that a judge, named Sisamnes, had been bribed to + pronounce an unjust sentence, he condemned the wretched man to be flayed, + ordered the seat of justice to be covered with his skin, appointed the son + to the father’s vacant place and compelled him to occupy this fearful + seat.—[Herodot. V. 25.]—Cambyses was untiring as commander of + the forces, and superintended the drilling of the troops assembled near + Babylon with the greatest rigor and circumspection. + </p> + <p> + The hosts were to march after the festival of the New Year, which Cambyses + celebrated this time with immense expense and profusion. The ceremony + over, he betook himself to the army. Bartja was there. He came up to his + brother, beaming with joy, kissed the hem of his robe, and told him in a + tone of triumph that he hoped to become a father. The king trembled as he + heard the words, vouchsafed his brother no answer, drank himself into + unconsciousness that evening, and the next morning called the soothsayers, + Magi and Chaldaeans together, in order to submit a question to them. + “Shall I be committing a sin against the gods, if I take my sister to wife + and thus verify the promise of the dream, which ye formerly interpreted to + mean that Atossa should bear a future king to this realm?” + </p> + <p> + The Magi consulted a short time together. Then Oropastes cast himself at + the king’s feet and said, “We do not believe, O King, that this marriage + would be a sin against the gods; inasmuch as, first: it is a custom among + the Persians to marry with their own kin; and secondly, though it be not + written in the law that the pure man may marry his sister, it is written + that the king may do what seemeth good in his own eyes. That which + pleaseth thee is therefore always lawful.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses sent the Magi away with rich gifts, gave Oropastes full powers as + regent of the kingdom in his absence, and soon after told his horrified + mother that, as soon as the conquest of Egypt and the punishment of the + son of Amasis should have been achieved, he intended to marry his sister + Atossa. + </p> + <p> + At length the immense host, numbering more than 800,000 fighting men, + departed in separate divisions, and reached the Syrian desert in two + months. Here they were met by the Arabian tribes whom Phanes had + propitiated—the Amalekites and Geshurites—bringing camels and + horses laden with water for the host. + </p> + <p> + At Accho, in the land of the Canaanites, the fleets of the Syrians, + Phoenicians and Ionians belonging to Persia, and the auxiliary ships from + Cyprus and Samos, won by the efforts of Phanes, were assembled. The case + of the Samian fleet was a remarkable one. Polykrates saw in Cambyses’ + proposal a favorable opportunity of getting rid of all the citizens who + were discontented with his government, manned forty triremes with eight + thousand malcontent Samians, and sent them to the Persians with the + request that not one might be allowed to return home.—[Herod. III. + 44.] + </p> + <p> + As soon as Phanes heard this he warned the doomed men, who at once, + instead of sailing to join the Persian forces, returned to Samos and + attempted to overthrow Polykrates. They were defeated, however, on land, + and escaped to Sparta to ask help against the tyrant. + </p> + <p> + A full month before the time of the inundation, the Persian and Egyptian + armies were standing face to face near Pelusium on the north-east coast of + the Delta. + </p> + <p> + Phanes’ arrangements had proved excellent. The Arabian tribes had kept + faith so well that the journey through the desert, which would usually + have cost thousands of lives, had been attended with very little loss, and + the time of year had been so well chosen that the Persian troops reached + Egypt by dry roads and without inconvenience. + </p> + <p> + The king met his Greek friend with every mark of distinction, and returned + a friendly nod when Phanes said: “I hear that you have been less cheerful + than usual since the death of your beautiful bride. A woman’s grief passes + in stormy and violent complaint, but the sterner character of a man cannot + so soon be comforted. I know what you feel, for I have lost my dearest + too. Let us both praise the gods for granting us the best remedy for our + grief—war and revenge.” Phanes accompanied the king to an inspection + of the troops and to the evening revel. It was marvellous to see the + influence he exercised over this fierce spirit, and how calm—nay + even cheerful—Cambyses became, when the Athenian was near. + </p> + <p> + The Egyptian army was by no means contemptible, even when compared with + the immense Persian hosts. Its position was covered on the right by the + walls of Pelusium, a frontier fortress designed by the Egyptian kings as a + defence against incursions from the east. The Persians were assured by + deserters that the Egyptian army numbered altogether nearly six hundred + thousand men. Beside a great number of chariots of war, thirty thousand + Karian and Ionian mercenaries, and the corps of the Mazai, two hundred and + fifty thousand Kalasirians, one hundred and sixty thousand Hermotybians, + twenty thousand horsemen, and auxiliary troops, amounting to more than + fifty thousand, were assembled under Psamtik’s banner; amongst these last + the Libyan Maschawascha were remarkable for their military deeds, and the + Ethiopians for their numerical superiority. + </p> + <p> + The infantry were divided into regiments and companies, under different + standards, and variously equipped. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [In these and the descriptions immediately following, we have drawn + our information, either from the drawings made from Egyptian + monuments in Champollion, Wilkinson, Rosellini and Lepsius, or from + the monuments themselves. There is a dagger in the Berlin Museum, + the blade of which is of bronze, the hilt of ivory and the sheath of + leather. Large swords are only to be seen in the hands of the + foreign auxiliaries, but the native Egyptians are armed with small + ones, like daggers. The largest one of which we have any knowledge + is in the possession of Herr E. Brugsch at Cairo. It is more than + two feet long.] +</pre> + <p> + The heavy-armed soldiers carried large shields, lances, and daggers; the + swordsmen and those who fought with battle-axes had smaller shields and + light clubs; beside these, there were slingers, but the main body of the + army was composed of archers, whose bows unbent were nearly the height of + a man. The only clothing of the horse-soldiers was the apron, and their + weapon a light club in the form of a mace or battle-axe. Those warriors, + on the contrary, who fought in chariots belonged to the highest rank of + the military caste, spent large sums on the decoration of their + two-wheeled chariots and the harness of their magnificent horses, and went + to battle in their most costly ornaments. They were armed with bows and + lances, and a charioteer stood beside each, so that their undivided + attention could be bestowed upon the battle. + </p> + <p> + The Persian foot was not much more numerous than the Egyptian, but they + had six times the number of horse-soldiers. + </p> + <p> + As soon as the armies stood face to face, Cambyses caused the great + Pelusian plain to be cleared of trees and brushwood, and had the + sand-hills removed which were to be found here and there, in order to give + his cavalry and scythe-chariots a fair field of action. Phanes’ knowledge + of the country was of great use. He had drawn up a plan of action with + great military skill, and succeeded in gaining not only Cambyses’ + approval, but that of the old general Megabyzus and the best tacticians + among the Achaemenidae. His local knowledge was especially valuable on + account of the marshes which intersected the Pelusian plain, and might, + unless carefully avoided, have proved fatal to the Persian enterprise. At + the close of the council of war Phanes begged to be heard once more: “Now, + at length,” he said, “I am at liberty to satisfy your curiosity in + reference to the closed waggons full of animals, which I have had + transported hither. They contain five thousand cats! Yes, you may laugh, + but I tell you these creatures will be more serviceable to us than a + hundred thousand of our best soldiers. Many of you are aware that the + Egyptians have a superstition which leads them rather to die than kill a + cat, I, myself, nearly paid for such a murder once with my life. + Remembering this, I have been making a diligent search for cats during my + late journey; in Cyprus, where there are splendid specimens, in Samos and + in Crete. All I could get I ordered to be caught, and now propose that + they be distributed among those troops who will be opposed to the native + Egyptian soldiers. Every man must be told to fasten one firmly to his + shield and hold it out as he advances towards the enemy. I will wager that + there’s not one real Egyptian, who would not rather fly from the + battle-field than take aim at one of these sacred animals.” + </p> + <p> + This speech was met by a loud burst of laughter; on being discussed, + however, it was approved of, and ordered to be carried out at once. The + ingenious Greek was honored by receiving the king’s hand to kiss, his + expenses were reimbursed by a magnificent present, and he was urged to + take a daughter of some noble Persian family in marriage. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Themistocles too, on coming to the Persian court, received a high- + born Persian wife in marriage. Diod. XI. 57.] +</pre> + <p> + The king concluded by inviting him to supper, but this the Athenian + declined, on the plea that he must review the Ionian troops, with whom he + was as yet but little acquainted, and withdrew. + </p> + <p> + At the door of his tent he found his slaves disputing with a ragged, dirty + and unshaven old man, who insisted on speaking with their master. Fancying + he must be a beggar, Phanes threw him a piece of gold; the old man did not + even stoop to pick it up, but, holding the Athenian fast by his cloak, + cried, “I am Aristomachus the Spartan!” + </p> + <p> + Cruelly as he was altered, Phanes recognized his old friend at once, + ordered his feet to be washed and his head anointed, gave him wine and + meat to revive his strength, took his rags off and laid a new chiton over + his emaciated, but still sinewy, frame. + </p> + <p> + Aristomachus received all in silence; and when the food and wine had given + him strength to speak, began the following answer to Phanes’ eager + questions. + </p> + <p> + On the murder of Phanes’ son by Psamtik, he had declared his intention of + leaving Egypt and inducing the troops under his command to do the same, + unless his friend’s little daughter were at once set free, and a + satisfactory explanation given for the sudden disappearance of the boy. + Psamtik promised to consider the matter. Two days later, as Aristomachus + was going up the Nile by night to Memphis, he was seized by Egyptian + soldiers, bound and thrown into the dark hold of a boat, which, after a + voyage of many days and nights, cast anchor on a totally unknown shore. + The prisoners were taken out of their dungeon and led across a desert + under the burning sun, and past rocks of strange forms, until they reached + a range of mountains with a colony of huts at its base. These huts were + inhabited by human beings, who, with chains on their feet, were driven + every morning into the shaft of a mine and there compelled to hew grains + of gold out of the stony rock. Many of these miserable men had passed + forty years in this place, but most died soon, overcome by the hard work + and the fearful extremes of heat and cold to which they were exposed on + entering and leaving the mine. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Diodorus (III. 12.) describes the compulsory work in the gold mines + with great minuteness. The convicts were either prisoners taken in + war, or people whom despotism in its blind fury found it expedient + to put out of the way. The mines lay in the plain of Koptos, not + far from the Red Sea. Traces of them have been discovered in modern + times. Interesting inscriptions of the time of Rameses the Great, + (14 centuries B. C.) referring to the gold-mines, have been found, + one at Radesich, the other at Kubnn, and have been published and + deciphered in Europe.] +</pre> + <p> + “My companions,” continued Aristomachus, “were either condemned murderers + to whom mercy had been granted, or men guilty of high treason whose + tongues had been cut out, and others such as myself whom the king had + reason to fear. Three months I worked among this set, submitting to the + strokes of the overseer, fainting under the fearful heat, and stiffening + under the cold dews of night. I felt as if picked out for death and only + kept alive by the hope of vengeance. It happened, however, by the mercy of + the gods, that at the feast of Pacht, our guards, as is the custom of the + Egyptians, drank so freely as to fall into a deep sleep, during which I + and a young Jew who had been deprived of his right hand for having used + false weights in trade, managed to escape unperceived; Zeus Lacedaemonius + and the great God whom this young man worshipped helped us in our need, + and, though we often heard the voices of our pursuers, they never + succeeded in capturing us. I had taken a bow from one of our guards; with + this we obtained food, and when no game was to be found we lived on roots, + fruits and birds’ eggs. The sun and stars showed us our road. We knew that + the gold-mines were not far from the Red Sea and lay to the south of + Memphis. It was not long before we reached the coast; and then, pressing + onwards in a northerly direction, we fell in with some friendly mariners, + who took care of us until we were taken up by an Arabian boat. The young + Jew understood the language spoken by the crew, and in their care we came + to Eziongeber in the land of Edom. There we heard that Cambyses was coming + with an immense army against Egypt, and travelled as far as Harma under + the protection of an Amalekite caravan bringing water to the Persian army. + From thence I went on to Pelusium in the company of some stragglers from + the Asiatic army, who now and then allowed me a seat on their horses, and + here I heard that you had accepted a high command in Cambyses’ army. I + have kept my vow, I have been true to my nation in Egypt; now it is your + turn to help old Aristomachus in gaining the only thing he still cares for—revenge + on his persecutors.” + </p> + <p> + “And that you shall have!” cried Phanes, grasping the old man’s hand. “You + shall have the command of the heavy-armed Milesian troops, and liberty to + commit what carnage you like among the ranks of our enemies. This, + however, is only paying half the debt I owe you. Praised be the gods, who + have put it in my power to make you happy by one single sentence. Know + then, Aristomachus, that, only a few days after your disappearance, a ship + arrived in the harbor of Naukratis from Sparta. It was guided by your own + noble son and expressly sent by the Ephori in your honor—to bring + the father of two Olympic victors back to his native land.” + </p> + <p> + The old man’s limbs trembled visibly at these words, his eyes filled with + tears and he murmured a prayer. Then smiting his forehead, he cried in a + voice trembling with feeling: “Now it is fulfilled! now it has become a + fact! If I doubted the words of thy priestess, O Phoebus Apollo! pardon my + sin! What was the promise of the oracle? + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “If once the warrior hosts from the snow-topped mountains + descending, + Come to the fields of the stream watering richly the plain, + Then shall the lingering boat to the beckoning meadows convey thee, + Which to the wandering foot peace and a home can afford. + When those warriors come, from the snow-topped mountains descending, + Then will the powerful Five grant thee what long they refused.” + </pre> + <p> + “The promise of the god is fulfilled. Now I may return home, and I will; + but first I raise my hands to Dice, the unchanging goddess of justice, and + implore her not to deny me the pleasure of revenge.” + </p> + <p> + “The day of vengeance will dawn to-morrow,” said Phanes, joining in the + old man’s prayer. “Tomorrow I shall slaughter the victims for the dead—for + my son—and will take no rest until Cambyses has pierced the heart of + Egypt with the arrows which I have cut for him. Come, my friend, let me + take you to the king. One man like you can put a whole troop of Egyptians + to flight.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ....................... +</pre> + <p> + It was night. The Persian soldiers, their position being unfortified, were + in order of battle, ready to meet any unexpected attack. The foot-soldiers + stood leaning on their shields, the horsemen held their horses saddled and + bridled near the camp-fires. Cambyses was riding through the ranks, + encouraging his troops by words and looks. Only one part of the army was + not yet ranged in order of battle—the centre. It was composed of the + Persian body-guard, the apple-bearers, Immortals, and the king’s own + relatives, who were always led into battle by the king in person. + </p> + <p> + The Ionian Greeks too had gone to rest, at Phanes’ command. He wanted to + keep his men fresh, and allowed them to sleep in their armor, while he + kept watch. Aristomachus was welcomed with shouts of joy by the Greeks, + and kindly by Cambyses, who assigned him, at the head of one half the + Greek troops, a place to the left of the centre attack, while Phanes, with + the other half, had his place at the right. The king himself was to take + the lead at the head of the ten thousand Immortals, preceded by the blue, + red and gold imperial banner and the standard of Kawe. Bartja was to lead + the regiment of mounted guards numbering a thousand men, and that division + of the cavalry which was entirely clothed in mail. + </p> + <p> + Croesus commanded a body of troops whose duty it was to guard the camp + with its immense treasures, the wives of Cambyses’ nobles, and his own + mother and sister. + </p> + <p> + At last Mithras appeared and shed his light upon the earth; the spirits of + the night retired to their dens, and the Magi stirred up the sacred fire + which had been carried before the army the whole way from Babylon, until + it became a gigantic flame. They and the king united in feeding it with + costly perfumes, Cambyses offered the sacrifice, and, holding the while a + golden bowl high in the air, besought the gods to grant him victory and + glory. He then gave the password, “Auramazda, the helper and guide,” and + placed himself at the head of his guards, who went into the battle with + wreaths on their tiaras. The Greeks offered their own sacrifices, and + shouted with delight on hearing that the omens were auspicious. Their + war-cry was “Hebe.” + </p> + <p> + Meanwhile the Egyptian priests had begun their day also with prayer and + sacrifice, and had then placed their army in order of battle. + </p> + <p> + Psamtik, now King of Egypt, led the centre. He was mounted on a golden + chariot; the trappings of his horses were of gold and purple, and plumes + of ostrich feathers nodded on their proud heads. He wore the double crown + of Upper and Lower Egypt, and the charioteer who stood at his left hand + holding the reins and whip, was descended from one of the noblest Egyptian + families. + </p> + <p> + The Hellenic and Karian mercenaries were to fight at the left of the + centre, the horse at the extreme of each wing, and the Egyptian and + Ethiopian foot were stationed, six ranks deep, on the right and left of + the armed chariots, and Greek mercenaries. + </p> + <p> + Psamtik drove through the ranks of his army, giving encouraging and + friendly words to all the men. He drew up before the Greek division, and + addressed them thus: “Heroes of Cyprus and Libya! your deeds in arms are + well known to me, and I rejoice in the thought of sharing your glory + to-day and crowning you with fresh laurels. Ye have no need to fear, that + in the day of victory I shall curtail your liberties. Malicious tongues + have whispered that this is all ye have to expect from me; but I tell you, + that if we conquer, fresh favors will be shown to you and your + descendants; I shall call you the supporters of my throne. Ye are fighting + to-day, not for me alone, but for the freedom of your own distant homes. + It is easy to perceive that Cambyses, once lord of Egypt, will stretch out + his rapacious hand over your beautiful Hellas and its islands. I need only + remind you, that they be between Egypt and your Asiatic brethren who are + already groaning under the Persian yoke. Your acclamations prove that ye + agree with me already, but I must ask for a still longer hearing. It is my + duty to tell you who has sold, not only Egypt, but his own country to the + King of Persia, in return for immense treasures. The man’s name is Phanes! + You are angry and inclined to doubt? I swear to you, that this very Phanes + has accepted Cambyses’ gold and promised not only to be his guide to + Egypt, but to open the gates of your own Greek cities to him. He knows the + country and the people, and can be bribed to every perfidy. Look at him! + there he is, walking by the side of the king. See how he bows before him! + I thought I had heard once, that the Greeks only prostrated themselves + before their gods. But of course, when a man sells his country, he ceases + to be its citizen. Am I not right? Ye scorn to call so base a creature by + the name of countryman? Yes? then I will deliver the wretch’s daughter + into your hands. Do what ye will with the child of such a villain. Crown + her with wreaths of roses, fall down before her, if it please you, but do + not forget that she belongs to a man who has disgraced the name of + Hellene, and has betrayed his countrymen and country!” + </p> + <p> + As he finished speaking the men raised a wild cry of rage and took + possession of the trembling child. A soldier held her up, so that her + father—the troops not being more than a bow-shot apart—could + see all that happened. At the same moment an Egyptian, who afterwards + earned celebrity through the loudness of his voice, cried: “Look here, + Athenian! see how treachery and corruption are rewarded in this country!” + A bowl of wine stood near, provided by the king, from which the soldiers + had just been drinking themselves into intoxication. A Karian seized it, + plunged his sword into the innocent child’s breast, and let the blood flow + into the bowl; filled a goblet with the awful mixture, and drained it, as + if drinking to the health of the wretched father. Phanes stood watching + the scene, as if struck into a statue of cold stone. The rest of the + soldiers then fell upon the bowl like madmen, and wild beasts could not + have lapped up the foul drink with greater eagerness.—[Herodotus + tells this fearful tale (III. ii.)] + </p> + <p> + In the same moment Psamtik triumphantly shot off his first arrow into the + Persian ranks. + </p> + <p> + The mercenaries flung the child’s dead body on to the ground; drunk with + her blood, they raised their battle-song, and rushed into the strife far + ahead of their Egyptian comrades. + </p> + <p> + But now the Persian ranks began to move. Phanes, furious with pain and + rage, led on his heavy-armed troops, indignant too at the brutal barbarity + of their countrymen, and dashed into the ranks of those very soldiers, + whose love he had tried to deserve during ten years of faithful + leadership. + </p> + <p> + At noon, fortune seemed to be favoring the Egyptians; but at sunset the + Persians had the advantage, and when the full-moon rose, the Egyptians + were flying wildly from the battle-field, perishing in the marshes and in + the arm of the Nile which flowed behind their position, or being cut to + pieces by the swords of their enemies. + </p> + <p> + Twenty thousand Persians and fifty thousand Egyptians lay dead on the + blood-stained sea-sand. The wounded, drowned, and prisoners could scarcely + be numbered. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Herod. III. 12. Ktesias, Persica 9. In ancient history the loss + of the conquered is always far greater than that of the conquerors. + To a certain extent this holds good in the present day, but the + proportion is decidedly not so unfavorable for the vanquished.] +</pre> + <p> + Psamtik had been one of the last to fly. He was well mounted, and, with a + few thousand faithful followers, reached the opposite bank of the Nile and + made for Memphis, the well-fortified city of the Pyramids. + </p> + <p> + Of the Greek mercenaries very few survived, so furious had been Phanes’ + revenge, and so well had he been supported by his Ionians. Ten thousand + Karians were taken captive and the murderer of his little child was killed + by Phanes’ own hand. + </p> + <p> + Aristomachus too, in spite of his wooden leg, had performed miracles of + bravery; but, notwithstanding all their efforts, neither he, nor any of + his confederates in revenge, had succeeded in taking Psamtik prisoner. + </p> + <p> + When the battle was over, the Persians returned in triumph to their tents, + to be warmly welcomed by Croesus and the warriors and priests who had + remained behind, and to celebrate their victory by prayers and sacrifices. + </p> + <p> + The next morning Cambyses assembled his generals and rewarded them with + different tokens of distinction, such as costly robes, gold chains, rings, + swords, and stars formed of precious stones. Gold and silver coins were + distributed among the common soldiers. + </p> + <p> + The principal attack of the Egyptians had been directed against the centre + of the Persian army, where Cambyses commanded in person; and with such + effect that the guards had already begun to give way. At that moment + Bartja, arriving with his troop of horsemen, had put fresh courage into + the wavering, had fought like a lion himself, and by his bravery and + promptitude decided the day in favor of the Persians. + </p> + <p> + The troops were exultant in their joy: they shouted his praises, as “the + conqueror of Pelusium” and the “best of the Achaemenidae.” + </p> + <p> + Their cries reached the king’s ears and made him very angry. He knew he + had been fighting at the risk of life, with real courage and the strength + of a giant, and yet the day would have been lost if this boy had not + presented him with the victory. The brother who had embittered his days of + happy love, was now to rob him of half his military glory. Cambyses felt + that he hated Bartja, and his fist clenched involuntarily as he saw the + young hero looking so happy in the consciousness of his own well-earned + success. + </p> + <p> + Phanes had been wounded and went to his tent; Aristomachus lay near him, + dying. + </p> + <p> + “The oracle has deceived me, after all,” he murmured. “I shall die without + seeing my country again.” + </p> + <p> + “The oracle spoke the truth,” answered Phanes. “Were not the last words of + the Pythia?” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ‘Then shall the lingering boat to the beckoning meadows convey thee, + Which to the wandering foot peace and a home will afford?’ +</pre> + <p> + “Can you misunderstand their meaning? They speak of Charon’s lingering + boat, which will convey you to your last home, to the one great + resting-place for all wanderers—the kingdom of Hades.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, my friend, you are right there. I am going to Hades.” + </p> + <p> + “And the Five have granted you, before death, what they so long refused,—the + return to Lacedaemon. You ought to be thankful to the gods for granting + you such sons and such vengeance on your enemies. When my wound is healed, + I shall go to Greece and tell your son that his father died a glorious + death, and was carried to the grave on his shield, as beseems a hero.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, do so, and give him my shield as a remembrance of his old father. + There is no need to exhort him to virtue.” + </p> + <p> + “When Psamtik is in our power, shall I tell him what share you had in his + overthrow?” + </p> + <p> + “No; he saw me before he took to flight, and at the unexpected vision his + bow fell from his hand. This was taken by his friends as a signal for + flight, and they turned their horses from the battle.” + </p> + <p> + “The gods ordain, that bad men shall be ruined by their own deeds. Psamtik + lost courage, for he must have believed that the very spirits of the lower + world were fighting against him.” + </p> + <p> + “We mortals gave him quite enough to do. The Persians fought well. But the + battle would have been lost without the guards and our troops.” + </p> + <p> + “Without doubt.” + </p> + <p> + “I thank thee, O Zeus Lacedaemonius.” + </p> + <p> + “You are praying?” + </p> + <p> + “I am praising the gods for allowing me to die at ease as to my country. + These heterogeneous masses can never be dangerous to Greece. Ho, + physician, when am I likely to die?” + </p> + <p> + The Milesian physician, who had accompanied the Greek troops to Egypt, + pointed to the arrow-head sticking fast in his breast, and said with a sad + smile, “You have only a few hours more to live. If I were to draw the + arrow from your wound, you would die at once.” + </p> + <p> + The Spartan thanked him, said farewell to Phanes, sent a greeting to + Rhodopis, and then, before they could prevent him, drew the arrow from his + wound with an unflinching hand. A few moments later Aristomachus was dead. + </p> + <p> + The same day a Persian embassy set out for Memphis on board one of the + Lesbian vessels. It was commissioned to demand from Psamtik the surrender + of his own person and of the city at discretion. Cambyses followed, having + first sent off a division of his army under Megabyzus to invest Sais. + </p> + <p> + At Heliopolis he was met by deputations from the Greek inhabitants of + Naukratis and the Libyans, praying for peace and his protection, and + bringing a golden wreath and other rich presents. Cambyses received them + graciously and assured them of his friendship; but repulsed the messengers + from Cyrene and Barka indignantly, and flung, with his own hand, their + tribute of five hundred silver mince among his soldiers, disdaining to + accept so contemptible an offering. + </p> + <p> + In Heliopolis he also heard that, at the approach of his embassy, the + inhabitants of Memphis had flocked to the shore, bored a hole in the + bottom of the ship, torn his messengers in pieces without distinction, as + wild beasts would tear raw flesh, and dragged them into the fortress. On + hearing this he cried angrily: “I swear, by Mithras, that these murdered + men shall be paid for; ten lives for one.” + </p> + <p> + Two days later and Cambyses with his army stood before the gates of + Memphis. The siege was short, as the garrison was far too small for the + city, and the citizens were discouraged by the fearful defeat at Pelusium. + </p> + <p> + King Psamtik himself came out to Cambyses, accompanied by his principal + nobles, in rent garments, and with every token of mourning. Cambyses + received him coldly and silently, ordering him and his followers to be + guarded and removed. He treated Ladice, the widow of Amasis, who appeared + at the same time as her step-son, with consideration, and, at the + intercession of Phanes, to whom she had always shown favor, allowed her to + return to her native town of Cyrene under safe conduct. She remained there + until the fall of her nephew, Arcesilaus III. and the flight of her sister + Pheretime, when she betook herself to Anthylla, the town in Egypt which + belonged to her, and where she passed a quiet, solitary existence, dying + at a great age. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses not only scorned to revenge the imposture which had been + practised on him on a woman, but, as a Persian, had far too much respect + for a mother, and especially for the mother of a king, to injure Ladice in + any way. + </p> + <p> + While he was engaged in the siege of Sais, Psamtik passed his imprisonment + in the palace of the Pharaohs, treated in every respect as a king, but + strictly guarded. + </p> + <p> + Among those members of the upper class who had incited the people to + resistance, Neithotep, the high-priest of Neith, had taken the foremost + place. He was therefore sent to Memphis and put in close confinement, with + one hundred of his unhappy confederates. The larger number of the + Pharaoh’s court, on the other hand, did homage voluntarily to Cambyses at + Sais, entitled him Ramestu, “child of the sun,” and suggested that he + should cause himself to be crowned King of Upper and Lower Egypt, with all + the necessary formalities, and admitted into the priestly caste according + to ancient custom. By the advice of Croesus and Phanes, Cambyses gave in + to these proposals, though much against his own will: he went so far, + indeed, as to offer sacrifice in the temple of Neith, and allowed the + newly-created high-priest of the goddess to give him a superficial insight + into the nature of the mysteries. Some of the courtiers he retained near + himself, and promoted different administrative functionaries to high + posts; the commander of Amasis’ Nile fleet succeeded so well in gaining + the king’s favor, as to be appointed one of those who ate at the royal + table. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [On a statue in the Gregorian Museum in the Vatican, there is an + inscription giving an account of Cambyses’ sojourn at Sais, which + agrees with the facts related in our text. He was lenient to his + conquered subjects, and, probably in order to secure his position as + the lawful Pharaoh, yielded to the wishes of the priests, was even + initiated into the mysteries and did much for the temple of Neith. + His adoption of the name Ramestu is also confirmed by this statue. + E. de Rough, Memoire sur la statuette naophore du musee Gregorian, + au Vatican. Revue Archeol. 1851.] +</pre> + <p> + On leaving Sais, Cambyses placed Megabyzus in command of the city; but + scarcely had the king quitted their walls than the smothered rage of the + people broke forth; they murdered the Persian sentinels, poisoned the + wells, and set the stables of the cavalry on fire. Megabyzus at once + applied to the king, representing that such hostile acts, if not repressed + by fear, might soon be followed by open rebellion. “The two thousand noble + youths from Memphis whom you have destined to death as an indemnification + for our murdered ambassadors,” said he, “ought to be executed at once; and + it would do no harm if the son of Psamtik were added to the number, as he + can some day become a rallying centre for the rebels. I hear that the + daughters of the dethroned king and of the high-priest Neithotep have to + carry water for the baths of the noble Phanes.” + </p> + <p> + The Athenian answered with a smile: “Cambyses has allowed me to employ + these aristocratic female attendants, my lord, at my own request.” + </p> + <p> + “But has forbidden you to touch the life of one member of the royal + house,” added Cambyses. “None but a king has the right to punish kings.” + </p> + <p> + Phanes bowed. The king turned to Megabyzus and ordered him to have the + prisoners executed the very next day, as an example. He would decide the + fate of the young prince later; but at all events he was to be taken to + the place of execution with the rest. “We must show them,” he concluded, + “that we know how to meet all their hostile manifestations with sufficient + rigor.” + </p> + <p> + Croesus ventured to plead for the innocent boy. “Calm yourself, old + friend,” said Cambyses with a smile; “the child is not dead yet, and + perhaps will be as well off with us as your own son, who fought so well at + Pelusium. I confess I should like to know, whether Psamtik bears his fate + as calmly and bravely as you did twenty-five years ago.” + </p> + <p> + “That we can easily discover, by putting him on trial,” said Phanes. “Let + him be brought into the palace-court to-morrow, and let the captives and + the condemned be led past him. Then we shall see whether he is a man or a + coward.” + </p> + <p> + “Be it so,” answered Cambyses. “I will conceal myself and watch him + unobserved. You, Phanes, will accompany me, to tell me the name and rank + of each of the captives.” + </p> + <p> + The next morning Phanes accompanied the king on to a balcony which ran + round the great court of the palace—the court we have already + described as being planted with trees. The listeners were hidden by a + grove of flowering shrubs, but they could see every movement that took + place, and hear every word that was spoken beneath them. They saw Psamtik, + surrounded by a few of his former companions. He was leaning against a + palm-tree, his eyes fixed gloomily on the ground, as his daughters entered + the court. The daughter of Neithotep was with them, and some more young + girls, all dressed as slaves; they were carrying pitchers of water. At + sight of the king, they uttered such a loud cry of anguish as to wake him + from his reverie. He looked up, recognized the miserable girls, and bowed + his head lower than before; but only for a moment. Drawing himself up + quickly, he asked his eldest daughter for whom she was carrying water. On + hearing that she was forced to do the work of a slave for Phanes, he + turned deadly pale, nodded his head, and cried to the girls, “Go on.” + </p> + <p> + A few minutes later the captives were led into the court, with ropes round + their necks, and bridles in their mouths. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [This statement of Herodotus (III. 14.) is confirmed by the + monuments, on which we often see representations of captives being + led along with ropes round their necks. What follows is taken + entirely from the same passage in Herodotus.] +</pre> + <p> + At the head of the train was the little prince Necho. He stretched his + hands out to his father, begging him to punish the bad foreigners who + wanted to kill him. At this sight the Egyptians wept in their exceeding + great misery; but Psamtik’s eyes were dry. He bowed his tearless face + nearly to the earth, and waved his child a last farewell. + </p> + <p> + After a short interval, the captives taken in Sais entered. Among them was + Neithotep, the once powerful high-priest, clothed in rags and moving with + difficulty by the help of a staff. At the entrance-gate he raised his eyes + and caught sight of his former pupil Darius. Reckless of all the + spectators around him, he went straight up to the young man, poured out + the story of his need, besought his help, and ended by begging an alms. + Darius complied at once, and by so doing, induced others of the + Achaemenidae, who were standing by, to hail the old man jokingly and throw + him little pieces of money, which he picked up laboriously and thankfully + from the ground. + </p> + <p> + At this sight Psamtik wept aloud, and smote upon his forehead, calling on + the name of his friend in a voice full of woe. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses was so astonished at this, that he came forward to the balustrade + of the veranda, and pushing the flowers aside, exclaimed: “Explain + thyself, thou strange man; the misfortunes of a beggar, not even akin to + thee, move thy compassion, but thou canst behold thy son on the way to + execution and thy daughters in hopeless misery without shedding a tear, or + uttering a lament!” + </p> + <p> + Psamtik looked up at his conqueror, and answered: “The misfortunes of my + own house, O son of Cyrus, are too great for tears; but I may be permitted + to weep over the afflictions of a friend, fallen, in his old age, from the + height of happiness and influence into the most miserable beggary.” + </p> + <p> + Cambyses’ face expressed his approval, and on looking round he saw that + his was not the only eye which was filled with tears. Croesus, Bartja, and + all the Persians-nay, even Phanes himself, who had served as interpreter + to the kings-were weeping aloud. + </p> + <p> + The proud conqueror was not displeased at these signs of sympathy, and + turning to the Athenian: “I think, my Greek friend” he said, “we may + consider our wrongs as avenged. Rise, Psamtik, and endeavor to imitate + yonder noble old man, (pointing to Croesus) by accustoming yourself to + your fate. Your father’s fraud has been visited on you and your family. + The crown, which I have wrested from you is the crown of which Amasis + deprived my wife, my never-to-be-forgotten Nitetis. For her sake I began + this war, and for her sake I grant you now the life of your son—she + loved him. From this time forward you can live undisturbed at our court, + eat at our table and share the privileges of our nobles. Gyges, fetch the + boy hither. He shall be brought up as you were, years ago, among the sons + of the Achaemenidae.” + </p> + <p> + The Lydian was hastening to execute this delightful commission, but Phanes + stopped him before he could reach the door, and placing himself proudly + between the king and the trembling, thankful Psamtik, said: “You would be + going on a useless errand, noble Lydian. In defiance of your command, my + Sovereign, but in virtue of the full powers you once gave me, I have + ordered the grandson of Amasis to be the executioner’s first victim. You + have just heard the sound of a horn; that was the sign that the last heir + to the Egyptian throne born on the shores of the Nile has been gathered to + his fathers. I am aware of the fate I have to expect, Cambyses. I will not + plead for a life whose end has been attained. Croesus, I understand your + reproachful looks. You grieve for the murdered children. But life is such + a web of wretchedness and disappointment, that I agree with your + philosopher Solon in thinking those fortunate to whom, as in former days + to Kleobis and Biton, the gods decree an early death. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Croesus, after having shown Solon his treasures, asked him whom he + held to be the most fortunate of men, hoping to hear his own name. + The sage first named Tellus, a famous citizen of Athens, and then + the brothers Kleobis and Biton. These were two handsome youths, who + had gained the prize for wrestling, and one day, when the draught- + animals had not returned from the field, dragged their mother + themselves to the distant temple, in presence of the people. The + men of Argos praised the strength of the sons,—the women praised + the mother who possessed these sons. She, transported with delight + at her sons’ deed and the people’s praise, went to the statue of the + goddess and besought her to give them the best that could fall to + the lot of men. When her prayer was over and the sacrifice offered, + the youths fell asleep, and never woke again. They were dead. + Herod. I, 31. Cicero. Tuscul. I. 47.] +</pre> + <p> + “If I have ever been dear to you, Cambyses—if my counsels have been + of any use, permit me as a last favor to say a few more words. Psamtik + knows the causes that rendered us foes to each other. Ye all, whose esteem + is worth so much to me, shall know them too. This man’s father placed me + in his son’s stead at the head of the troops which had been sent to + Cyprus. Where Psamtik had earned humiliation, I won success and glory. I + also became unintentionally acquainted with a secret, which seriously + endangered his chances of obtaining the crown; and lastly, I prevented his + carrying off a virtuous maiden from the house of her grandmother, an aged + woman, beloved and respected by all the Greeks. These are the sins which + he has never been able to forgive; these are the grounds which led him to + carry on war to the death with me directly I had quitted his father’s + service. The struggle is decided now. My innocent children have been + murdered at thy command, and I have been pursued like a wild beast. That + has been thy revenge. But mine!—I have deprived thee of thy throne + and reduced thy people to bondage. Thy daughter I have called my slave, + thy son’s death-warrant was pronounced by my lips, and my eyes have seen + the maiden whom thou persecutedst become the happy wife of a brave man. + Undone, sinking ever lower and lower, thou hast watched me rise to be the + richest and most powerful of my nation. In the lowest depth of thine own + misery—and this has been the most delicious morsel of my vengeance—thou + wast forced to see me—me, Phanes shedding tears that could not be + kept back, at the sight of thy misery. The man, who is allowed to draw + even one breath of life, after beholding his enemy so low, I hold to be + happy as the gods themselves I have spoken.” + </p> + <p> + He ceased, and pressed his hand on his wound. Cambyses gazed at him in + astonishment, stepped forward, and was just going to touch his girdle—an + action which would have been equivalent to the signing of a death-warrant + when his eye caught sight of the chain, which he himself had hung round + the Athenian’s neck as a reward for the clever way in which he had proved + the innocence of Nitetis. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The same sign was used by the last Darius to denote that his able + Greek general Memnon, who had offended him by his plainness of + speech, was doomed to death. As he was being led away, Memnon + exclaimed, in allusion to Alexander, who was then fast drawing near: + “Thy remorse will soon prove my worth; my avenger is not far off.” + Droysen, Alex. d. Grosse, Diod. XVII. 30. Curtius III. 2.] +</pre> + <p> + The sudden recollection of the woman he loved, and of the countless + services rendered him by Phanes, calmed his wrath his hand dropped. One + minute the severe ruler stood gazing lingeringly at his disobedient + friend; the next, moved by a sudden impulse, he raised his right hand + again, and pointed imperiously to the gate leading from the court. + </p> + <p> + Phanes bowed in silence, kissed the king’s robe, and descended slowly into + the court. Psamtik watched him, quivering with excitement, sprang towards + the veranda, but before his lips could utter the curse which his heart had + prepared, he sank powerless on to the ground. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses beckoned to his followers to make immediate preparations for a + lion-hunt in the Libyan mountains. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0029" id="link2HCH0029"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XIII. + </h2> + <p> + The waters of the Nile had begun to rise again. Two months had passed away + since Phanes’ disappearance, and much had happened. + </p> + <p> + The very day on which he left Egypt, Sappho had given birth to a girl, and + had so far regained strength since then under the care of her grandmother, + as to be able to join in an excursion up the Nile, which Croesus had + suggested should take place on the festival of the goddess Neith. Since + the departure of Phanes, Cambyses’ behavior had become so intolerable, + that Bartja, with the permission of his brother, had taken Sappho to live + in the royal palace at Memphis, in order to escape any painful collision. + Rhodopis, at whose house Croesus and his son, Bartja, Darius and Zopyrus + were constant guests, had agreed to join the party. + </p> + <p> + On the morning of the festival-day they started in a gorgeously decorated + boat, from a point between thirty and forty miles below Memphis, favored + by a good north-wind and urged rapidly forward by a large number of + rowers. + </p> + <p> + A wooden roof or canopy, gilded and brightly painted, sheltered them from + the sun. Croesus sat by Rhodopis, Theopompus the Milesian lay at her feet. + Sappho was leaning against Bartja. Syloson, the brother of Polykrates, had + made himself a comfortable resting-place next to Darius, who was looking + thought fully into the water. Gyges and Zopyrus busied themselves in + making wreaths for the women, from the flowers handed them by an Egyptian + slave. + </p> + <p> + “It seems hardly possible,” said Bartja, “that we can be rowing against + the stream. The boat flies like a swallow.” + </p> + <p> + “This fresh north-wind brings us forward,” answered Theopompus. “And then + the Egyptian boatmen understand their work splendidly.” + </p> + <p> + “And row all the better just because we are sailing against the stream,” + added Croesus. “Resistance always brings out a man’s best powers.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” said Rhodopis, “sometimes we even make difficulties, if the river + of life seems too smooth.” + </p> + <p> + “True,” answered Darius. “A noble mind can never swim with the stream. In + quiet inactivity all men are equal. We must be seen fighting, to be + rightly estimated.” + </p> + <p> + “Such noble-minded champions must be very cautious, though,” said + Rhodopis, “lest they become contentious, and quarrelsome. Do you see those + melons lying on the black soil yonder, like golden balls? Not one would + have come to perfection if the sower had been too lavish with his seed. + The fruit would have been choked by too luxuriant tendrils and leaves. Man + is born to struggle and to work, but in this, as in everything else, he + must know how to be moderate if his efforts are to succeed. The art of + true wisdom is to keep within limits.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh, if Cambyses could only hear you!” exclaimed Croesus. “Instead of + being contented with his immense conquests, and now thinking for the + welfare of his subjects, he has all sorts of distant plans in his head. He + wishes to conquer the entire world, and yet, since Phanes left, scarcely a + day has passed in which he has not been conquered himself by the Div of + drunkenness.” + </p> + <p> + “Has his mother no influence over him?” asked Rhodopis. “She is a noble + woman.” + </p> + <p> + “She could not even move his resolution to marry Atossa, and was forced to + be present at the marriage feast.” + </p> + <p> + “Poor Atossa!” murmured Sappho. + </p> + <p> + “She does not pass a very happy life as Queen of Persia,” answered + Croesus; “and her own naturally impetuous disposition makes it all the + more difficult or her to live contentedly with this husband and mother; I + am sorry to hear it said that Cambyses neglects her sadly, and treats her + like a child. But the marriage does not seem to have astonished the + Egyptians, as brothers and sisters often marry here.” + </p> + <p> + “In Persia too,” said Darius, putting on an appearance of the most perfect + composure, “marriages with very near relations are thought to be the + best.” + </p> + <p> + “But to return to the king,” said Croesus, turning the conversation for + Darius’ sake. “I can assure you, Rhodopis, that he may really be called a + noble man. His violent and hasty deeds are repented of almost as soon as + committed, and the resolution to be a just and merciful ruler has never + forsaken him. At supper, for instance, lately, before his mind was clouded + by the influence of wine, he asked us what the Persians thought of him in + comparison with his father.” + </p> + <p> + “And what was the answer?” said Rhodopis. “Intaphernes got us out of the + trap cleverly enough,” answered Zopyrus, laughing. “He exclaimed: ‘We are + of opinion that you deserve the preference, inasmuch as you have not only + preserved intact the inheritance bequeathed you by Cyrus, but have + extended his dominion beyond the seas by your conquest of Egypt.’ This + answer did not seem to please the king, however, and poor Intaphernes was + not a little horrified to hear him strike his fist on the table and cry, + ‘Flatterer, miserable flatterer!’ He then turned to Croesus and asked his + opinion. Our wise friend answered at once: ‘My opinion is that you have + not attained to the greatness of your father; for,’ added he in a + pacifying tone, ‘one thing is wanting to you—a son such as Cyrus + bequeathed us in yourself.” + </p> + <p> + “First-rate, first-rate,” cried Rhodopis clapping her hands and laughing. + “An answer that would have done honor to the ready-witted Odysseus + himself. And how did the king take your honeyed pill?” + </p> + <p> + “He was very much pleased, thanked Croesus, and called him his friend.” + </p> + <p> + “And I,” said Croesus taking up the conversation, “used the favorable + opportunity to dissuade him from the campaigns he has been planning + against the long lived Ethiopians, the Ammonians and the Carthaginians. Of + the first of these three nations we know scarcely anything but through + fabulous tales; by attacking them we should lose much and gain little. The + oasis of Ammon is scarcely accessible to a large army, on account of the + desert by which it is surrounded; besides which, it seems to me + sacrilegious to make war upon a god in the hope of obtaining possession of + his treasures, whether we be his worshippers or not. As to the + Carthaginians, facts have already justified my predictions. Our fleet is + manned principally by Syrians and Phoenicians, and they have, as might be + expected, refused to go to war against their brethren. Cambyses laughed at + my reasons, and ended by swearing, when he was already somewhat + intoxicated, that he could carry out difficult undertakings and subdue + powerful nations, even without the help of Bartja and Phanes.” + </p> + <p> + “What could that allusion to you mean, my son?” asked Rhodopis. + </p> + <p> + “He won the battle of Pelusiam,” cried Zopyrus, before his friend could + answer. “He and no one else!” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” added Croesus, “and you might have been more prudent, and have + remembered that it is a dangerous thing to excite the jealousy of a man + like Cambyses. You all of you forget that his heart is sore, and that the + slightest vexation pains him. He has lost the woman he really loved; his + dearest friend is gone; and now you want to disparage the last thing in + this world that he still cares for,—his military glory.” + </p> + <p> + “Don’t blame him,” said Bartja, grasping the old man’s hand. “My brother + has never been unjust, and is far from envying me what I must call my good + fortune, for that my attack arrived just at the right time can hardly be + reckoned as a merit on my part. You know he gave me this splendid sabre, a + hundred thorough-bred horses, and a golden hand-mill as rewards of my + bravery.” + </p> + <p> + Croesus’ words had caused Sappho a little anxiety at first; but this + vanished on hearing her husband speak so confidently, and by the time + Zopyrus had finished his wreath and placed it on Rhodopis’ head, all her + fears were forgotten. + </p> + <p> + Gyges had prepared his for the young mother. It was made of snow-white + water-lilies, and, when she placed it among her brown curls, she looked so + wonderfully lovely in the simple ornament, that Bartja could not help + kissing her on the forehead, though so many witnesses were present. This + little episode gave a merry turn to the conversation; every one did his + best to enliven the others, refreshments of all kinds were handed round, + and even Darius lost his gravity for a time and joined in the jests that + were passing among his friends. + </p> + <p> + When the sun had set, the slaves set elegantly-carved chairs, footstools, + and little tables on the open part of the deck. Our cheerful party now + repaired thither and beheld a sight so marvellously beautiful as to be + quite beyond their expectations. + </p> + <p> + The feast of Neith, called in Egyptian “the lamp-burning,” was celebrated + by a universal illumination, which began at the rising of the moon. The + shores of the Nile looked like two long lines of fire. Every temple, house + and but was ornamented with lamps according to the means of its + possessors. The porches of the country-houses and the little towers on the + larger buildings were all lighted up by brilliant flames, burning in pans + of pitch and sending up clouds of smoke, in which the flags and pennons + waved gently backwards and forwards. The palm-trees and sycamores were + silvered by the moonlight and threw strange fantastic reflections on the + red waters of the Nile-red from the fiery glow of the houses on their + shores. But strong and glowing as was the light of the illumination, its + rays had not power to reach the middle of the giant river, where the boat + was making its course, and the pleasure-party felt as if they were sailing + in dark night between two brilliant days. Now and then a brightly-lighted + boat would come swiftly across the river and seem, as it neared the shore, + to be cutting its way through a glowing stream of molten iron. + </p> + <p> + Lotus-blossoms, white as snow, lay on the surface of the river, rising and + falling with the waves, and looking like eyes in the water. Not a sound + could be heard from either shore. The echoes were carried away by the + north-wind, and the measured stroke of the oars and monotonous song of the + rowers were the only sounds that broke the stillness of this strange night—a + night robbed of its darkness. + </p> + <p> + For a long time the friends gazed without speaking at the wonderful sight, + which seemed to glide past them. Zopyrus was the first to break the + silence by saying, as he drew a long breath: “I really envy you, Bartja. + If things were as they should be, every one of us would have his dearest + wife at his side on such a night as this.” + </p> + <p> + “And who forbade you to bring one of your wives?” answered the happy + husband. + </p> + <p> + “The other five,” said the youth with a sigh. “If I had allowed Oroetes’ + little daughter Parysatis, my youngest favorite, to come out alone with me + to-night, this wonderful sight would have been my last; tomorrow there + would have been one pair of eyes less in the world.” + </p> + <p> + Bartja took Sappho’s hand and held it fast, saying, “I fancy one wife will + content me as long as I live.” The young mother pressed his hand warmly + again, and said, turning to Zopyrus: “I don’t quite trust you, my friend. + It seems to me that it is not the anger of your wives you fear, so much as + the commission of an offence against the customs of your country. I have + been told that my poor Bartja gets terribly scolded in the women’s + apartments for not setting eunuchs to watch over me, and for letting me + share his pleasures.” + </p> + <p> + “He does spoil you terribly,” answered Zopyrus, “and our wives are + beginning to quote him as an example of kindness and indulgence, whenever + we try to hold the reins a little tight. Indeed there will soon be a + regular women’s mutiny at the king’s gate, and the Achaemenidae who + escaped the swords and arrows of the Egyptians, will fall victims to sharp + tongues and floods of salt tears.” + </p> + <p> + “Oh! you most impolite Persian!” said Syloson laughing. “We must make you + more respectful to these images of Aphrodite.” + </p> + <p> + “You Greeks! that’s a good idea,” answered the youth. “By Mithras, our + wives are quite as well off as yours. It’s only the Egyptian women, that + are so wonderfully free.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes, you are quite right,” said Rhodopis. “The inhabitants of this + strange land have for thousands of years granted our weaker sex the same + rights, that they demand for themselves. Indeed, in many respects, they + have given us the preference. For instance, by the Egyptian law it is the + daughters, not the sons, who are commanded to foster and provide for their + aged parents, showing how well the fathers of this now humbled people + understood women’s nature, and how rightly they acknowledged that she far + surpasses man in thoughtful solicitude and self-forgetful love. Do not + laugh at these worshippers of animals. I confess that I cannot understand + them, but I feel true admiration for a people in the teaching of whose + priests, even Pythagoras, that great master in the art of knowledge, + assured me lies a wisdom as mighty as the Pyramids.” + </p> + <p> + “And your great master was right,” exclaimed Darius. “You know that I + obtained Neithotep’s freedom, and, for some weeks past, have seen him and + Onuphis very constantly, indeed they have been teaching me. And oh, how + much I have learnt already from those two old men, of which I had no idea + before! How much that is sad I can forget, when I am listening to them! + They are acquainted with the entire history of the heavens and the earth. + They know the name of every king, and the circumstances of every important + event that has occurred during the last four thousand years, the courses + of the stars, the works of their own artists and sayings of their sages, + during the same immense period of time. All this knowledge is recorded in + huge books, which have been preserved in a palace at Thebes, called the + ‘place of healing for the soul.’ Their laws are a fountain of pure wisdom, + and a comprehensive intellect has been shown in the adaptation of all + their state institutions to the needs of the country. I wish we could + boast of the same regularity and order at home. The idea that lies at the + root of all their knowledge is the use of numbers, the only means by which + it is possible to calculate the course of the stars, to ascertain and + determine the limits of all that exists, and, by the application of which + in the shortening and lengthening of the strings of musical instruments, + tones can be regulated. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [We agree with Iamblichus in supposing, that these Pythagorean views + were derived from the Egyptian mysteries.] +</pre> + <p> + “Numbers are the only certain things; they can neither be controlled nor + perverted. Every nation has its own ideas of right and wrong; every law + can be rendered invalid by circumstances; but the results obtained from + numbers can never be overthrown. Who can dispute, for instance, that twice + two make four? Numbers determine the contents of every existing thing; + whatever is, is equal to its contents, numbers therefore are the true + being, the essence of all that is.” + </p> + <p> + “In the name of Mithras, Darius, do leave off talking in that style, + unless you want to turn my brain,” interrupted Zopyrus. “Why, to hear you, + one would fancy you’d been spending your life among these old Egyptian + speculators and had never had a sword in your hand. What on earth have we + to do with numbers?” + </p> + <p> + “More than you fancy,” answered Rhodopis. “This theory of numbers belongs + to the mysteries of the Egyptian priests, and Pythagoras learnt it from + the very Onuphis who is now teaching you, Darius. If you will come to see + me soon, I will show you how wonderfully that great Samian brought the + laws of numbers and of the harmonies into agreement. But look, there are + the Pyramids!” + </p> + <p> + The whole party rose at these words, and stood speechless, gazing at the + grand sight which opened before them. + </p> + <p> + The Pyramids lay on the left bank of the Nile, in the silver moonshine, + massive and awful, as if bruising the earth beneath them with their + weight; the giant graves of mighty rulers. They seemed examples of man’s + creative power, and at the same time warnings of the vanity and mutability + of earthly greatness. For where was Chufu now,—the king who had + cemented that mountain of stone with the sweat of his subjects? Where was + the long-lived Chafra who had despised the gods, and, defiant in the + consciousness of his own strength, was said to have closed the gates of + the temples in order to make himself and his name immortal by building a + tomb of superhuman dimensions? + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Herodotus repeats, in good faith, that the builders of the great + Pyramids were despisers of the gods. The tombs of their faithful + subjects at the foot of these huge structures prove, however, that + they owe their bad repute to the hatred of the people, who could not + forget the era of their hardest bondage, and branded the memories of + their oppressors wherever an opportunity could be found. We might + use the word “tradition” instead of “the people,” for this it is + which puts the feeling and tone of mind of the multitude into the + form of history.] +</pre> + <p> + Their empty sarcophagi are perhaps tokens, that the judges of the dead + found them unworthy of rest in the grave, unworthy of the resurrection, + whereas the builder of the third and most beautiful pyramid, Menkera, who + contented himself with a smaller monument, and reopened the gates of the + temples, was allowed to rest in peace in his coffin of blue basalt. + </p> + <p> + There they lay in the quiet night, these mighty pyramids, shone on by the + bright stars, guarded by the watchman of the desert—the gigantic + sphinx,—and overlooking the barren rocks of the Libyan stony + mountains. At their feet, in beautifully-ornamented tombs, slept the + mummies of their faithful subjects, and opposite the monument of the pious + Menkera stood a temple, where prayers were said by the priests for the + souls of the many dead buried in the great Memphian city of the dead. In + the west, where the sun went down behind the Libyan mountains, where the + fruitful land ended and the desert began—there the people of Memphis + had buried their dead; and as our gay party looked towards the west they + felt awed into a solemn silence. + </p> + <p> + But their boat sped on before the north-wind; they left the city of the + dead behind them and passed the enormous dikes built to protect the city + of Menes from the violence of the floods; the city of the Pharaohs came in + sight, dazzlingly bright with the myriads of flames which had been kindled + in honor of the goddess Neith, and when at last the gigantic temple of + Ptah appeared, the most ancient building of the most ancient land, the + spell broke, their tongues were loosed, and they burst out into loud + exclamations of delight. + </p> + <p> + It was illuminated by thousands of lamps; a hundred fires burnt on its + Pylons, its battlemented walls and roofs. Burning torches flared between + the rows of sphinxes which connected the various gates with the main + building, and the now empty house of the god Apis was so surrounded by + colored fires that it gleamed like a white limestone rock in a tropical + sunset. Pennons, flags and garlands waved above the brilliant picture; + music and loud songs could be heard from below. + </p> + <p> + “Glorious,” cried Rhodopis in enthusiasm, “glorious! Look how the painted + walls and columns gleam in the light, and what marvellous figures the + shadows of the obelisks and sphinxes throw on the smooth yellow pavement!” + </p> + <p> + “And how mysterious the sacred grove looks yonder!” added Croesus. “I + never saw anything so wonderful before.” + </p> + <p> + “I have seen something more wonderful still,” said Darius. “You will + hardly believe me when I tell you that I have witnessed a celebration of + the mysteries of Neith.” + </p> + <p> + “Tell us what you saw, tell us!” was the universal outcry. + </p> + <p> + “At first Neithotep refused me admission, but when I promised to remain + hidden, and besides, to obtain the freedom of his child, he led me up to + his observatory, from which there is a very extensive view, and told me + that I should see a representation of the fates of Osiris and his wife + Isis. + </p> + <p> + “He had scarcely left, when the sacred grove became so brightly + illuminated by colored lights that I was able to see into its innermost + depths. + </p> + <p> + “A lake, smooth as glass, lay before me, surrounded by beautiful trees and + flower-beds. Golden boats were sailing on this lake and in them sat lovely + boys and girls dressed in snow-white garments, and singing sweet songs as + they passed over the water. There were no rowers to direct these boats, + and yet they moved over the ripples of the lake in a graceful order, as if + guided by some magic unseen hand. A large ship sailed in the midst of this + little fleet. Its deck glittered with precious stones. It seemed to be + steered by one beautiful boy only, and, strange to say, the rudder he + guided consisted of one white lotus-flower, the delicate leaves of which + seemed scarcely to touch the water. A very lovely woman, dressed like a + queen, lay on silken cushions in the middle of the vessel; by her side sat + a man of larger stature than that of ordinary mortals. He wore a crown of + ivy on his flowing curls, a panther-skin hung over his shoulders and he + held a crooked staff in the right hand. In the back part of the ship was a + roof made of ivy, lotus-blossoms and roses; beneath it stood a milk-white + cow with golden horns, covered with a cloth of purple. The man was Osiris, + the woman Isis, the boy at the helm their son Horus, and the cow was the + animal sacred to the immortal Isis. The little boats all skimmed over the + water, singing glad songs of joy as they passed by the ship, and receiving + in return showers of flowers and fruits, thrown down upon the lovely + singers by the god and goddess within. Suddenly I heard the roll of + thunder. It came crashing on, louder, and louder, and in the midst of this + awful sound a man in the skin of a wild boar, with hideous features and + bristling red hair, came out of the gloomiest part of the sacred grove, + plunged into the lake, followed by seventy creatures like himself, and + swam up to the ship of Osiris. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [We have taken our description of this spectacle entirely from the + Osiris-myth, as we find it in Plutarch, Isis and Orisis 13-19. + Diod. I. 22. and a thousand times repeated on the monuments. Horus + is called “the avenger of his father,” &c. We copy the battle with + all its phases from an inscription at Edfu, interpreted by Naville.] +</pre> + <p> + “The little boats fled with the swiftness of the wind, and the trembling + boy helmsman dropped his lotus-blossom. + </p> + <p> + “The dreadful monster then rushed on Osiris, and, with the help of his + comrades, killed him, threw the body into a coffin and the coffin into the + lake, the waters of which seemed to carry it away as if by magic. Isis + meanwhile had escaped to land in one of the small boats, and was now + running hither and thither on the shores of the lake, with streaming hair, + lamenting her dead husband and followed by the virgins who had escaped + with her. Their songs and dances, while seeking the body of Osiris, were + strangely plaintive and touching, and the girls accompanied the dance by + waving black Byssus scarfs in wonderfully graceful curves. Neither were + the youths idle; they busied themselves in making a costly coffin for the + vanished corpse of the god, accompanying their work with dances and the + sound of castanets. When this was finished they joined the maidens in the + train of the lamenting Isis and wandered on the shore with them, singing + and searching. + </p> + <p> + “Suddenly a low song rose from some invisible lips. It swelled louder and + louder and announced, that the body of the god had been transported by the + currents of the Mediterranean to Gebal in distant Phoenicia. This singing + voice thrilled to my very heart; Neithotep’s son, who was my companion, + called it ‘the wind of rumor.’ + </p> + <p> + “When Isis heard the glad news, she threw off her mourning garments and + sang a song of triumphant rejoicing, accompanied by the voices of her + beautiful followers. Rumor had not lied; the goddess really found the + sarcophagus and the dead body of her husband on the northern shore of the + lake. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [It is natural, that Isis should find the body of her husband in the + north. The connection between Phoenicia and Egypt in this myth, as + it has been handed down to us by Plutarch, is very remarkable. We + consider the explanation of the close affinity between the Isis and + Osiris and the Adonis myths to be in the fact, that Egyptians and + Phoenicians lived together on the shores of the Delta where the + latter had planted their colonies. Plutarch’s story of the finding + of Osiris’ dead body is very charming. Isis and Osiris. Ed. Parth. + 15.] +</pre> + <p> + “They brought both to land with dances; Isis threw herself on the beloved + corpse, called on the name of Osiris and covered the mummy with kisses, + while the youths wove a wonderful tomb of lotus-flowers and ivy. + </p> + <p> + “When the coffin had been laid under this beautiful vault, Isis left the + sad place of mourning and went to look for her son. She found him at the + east end of the lake, where for a long time I had seen a beautiful youth + practising arms with a number of companions. + </p> + <p> + “While she was rejoicing over her newly-found child, a fresh peal of + thunder told that Typhon had returned. This time the monster rushed upon + the beautiful flowering grave, tore the body out of its coffin, hewed it + into fourteen pieces, and strewed them over the shores of the lake. + </p> + <p> + “When Isis came back to the grave, she found nothing but faded flowers and + an empty coffin; but at fourteen different places on the shore fourteen + beautiful colored flames were burning. She and her virgins ran to these + flames, while Horus led the youths to battle against Typhon on the + opposite shore. + </p> + <p> + “My eyes and ears hardly sufficed for all I had to see and hear. On the + one shore a fearful and interesting struggle, peals of thunder and the + braying of trumpets; on the other the sweet voices of the women, singing + the most captivating songs to the most enchanting dances, for Isis had + found a portion of her husband’s body at every fire and was rejoicing. + </p> + <p> + “That was something for you, Zopyrus! I know of no words to describe the + grace of those girls’ movements, or how beautiful it was to see them first + mingling in intricate confusion, then suddenly standing in faultless, + unbroken lines, falling again into the same lovely tumult and passing once + more into order, and all this with the greatest swiftness. Bright rays of + light flashed from their whirling ranks all the time, for each dancer had + a mirror fastened between her shoulders, which flashed while she was in + motion, and reflected the scene when she was still. + </p> + <p> + “Just as Isis had found the last limb but one of the murdered Osiris, loud + songs of triumph and the flourish of trumpets resounded from the opposite + shore. + </p> + <p> + “Horus had conquered Typhon, and was forcing his way into the nether + regions to free his father. The gate to this lower world opened on the + west side of the lake and was guarded by a fierce female hippopotamus. + </p> + <p> + “And now a lovely music of flutes and harps came nearer and nearer, + heavenly perfumes rose into the air, a rosy light spread over the sacred + grove, growing brighter every minute, and Osiris came up from the lower + world, led by his victorious son. Isis hastened to embrace her risen and + delivered husband, gave the beautiful Horus his lotus-flower again instead + of the sword, and scattered fruits and flowers over the earth, while + Osiris seated himself under a canopy wreathed with ivy, and received the + homage of all the spirits of the earth and of the Amenti.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The lower world, in Egyptian Amenti, properly speaking, the West or + kingdom of death, to which the soul returns at the death of the + body, as the sun at his setting. In a hieroglyphic inscription of + the time of the Ptolemies the Amenti is called Hades.] +</pre> + <p> + Darius was silent. Rhodopis began: + </p> + <p> + “We thank you for your charming account; but this strange spectacle must + have a higher meaning, and we should thank you doubly if you would explain + that to us.” + </p> + <p> + “Your idea is quite right,” answered Darius, “but what I know I dare not + tell. I was obliged to promise Neithotep with an oath, not to tell tales + out of school.” + </p> + <p> + “Shall I tell you,” asked Rhodopis, “what conclusions various hints from + Pythagoras and Onuphis have led me to draw, as to the meaning of this + drama? Isis seems to me to represent the bountiful earth; Osiris, humidity + or the Nile, which makes the earth fruitful; Horus, the young spring; + Typhon, the scorching drought. The bounteous earth, robbed of her + productive power, seeks this beloved husband with lamentations in the + cooler regions of the north, where the Nile discharges his waters. At last + Horus, the young springing power of nature, is grown up and conquers + Typhon, or the scorching drought. Osiris, as is the case with the fruitful + principle of nature, was only apparently dead, rises from the nether + regions and once more rules the blessed valley of the Nile, in concert + with his wife, the bounteous earth.” + </p> + <p> + “And as the murdered god behaved properly in the lower regions,” said + Zopyrus, laughing, “he is allowed, at the end of this odd story, to + receive homage from the inhabitants of Hamestegan, Duzakh and Gorothman, + or whatever they call these abodes for the Egyptian spirit-host.” + </p> + <p> + “They are called Amenti,” said Darius, falling into his friend’s merry + mood; “but you must know that the history of this divine pair represents + not only the life of nature, but also that of the human soul, which, like + the murdered Osiris, lives an eternal life, even when the body is dead.” + </p> + <p> + “Thank you,” said the other; “I’ll try to remember that if I should chance + to die in Egypt. But really, cost what it may, I must see this wonderful + sight soon.” + </p> + <p> + “Just my own wish,” said Rhodopis. “Age is inquisitive.” + </p> + <p> + “You will never be old,” interrupted Darius. “Your conversation and your + features have remained alike beautiful, and your mind is as clear and + bright as your eyes.” + </p> + <p> + “Forgive me for interrupting you,” said Rhodopis, as if she had not heard + his flattering words, “but the word ‘eyes’ reminds me of the oculist + Nebenchari, and my memory fails me so often, that I must ask you what has + become of him, before I forget. I hear nothing now of this skilful + operator to whom the noble Kassandane owes her sight.” + </p> + <p> + “He is much to be pitied,” replied Darius. “Even before we reached + Pelusium he had begun to avoid society, and scorned even to speak with his + countryman Onuphis. His gaunt old servant was the only being allowed to + wait on or be with him. But after the battle his whole behavior changed. + He went to the king with a radiant countenance, and asked permission to + accompany him to Sais, and to choose two citizens of that town to be his + slaves. Cambyses thought he could not refuse anything to the man, who had + been such a benefactor to his mother, and granted him full power to do + what he wished. On arriving at Amasis’ capital, he went at once to the + temple of Neith, caused the high-priest (who had moreover placed himself + at the head of the citizens hostile to Persia), to be arrested, and with + him a certain oculist named Petammon. He then informed them that, as + punishment for the burning of certain papers, they would be condemned to + serve a Persian to whom he should sell them, for the term of their natural + lives, and to perform the most menial services of slaves in a foreign + country. I was present at this scene, and I assure you I trembled before + the Egyptian as he said these words to his enemies. Neithotep, however, + listened quietly, and when Nebenchari had finished, answered him thus: If + thou, foolish son, hast betrayed thy country for the sake of thy burnt + manuscripts, the deed has been neither just nor wise. I preserved thy + valuable works with the greatest care, laid them up in our temple, and + sent a complete copy to the library at Thebes. Nothing was burnt but the + letters from Amasis to thy father, and a worthless old chest. Psamtik and + Petammon were present, and it was then and there resolved that a new + family tomb in the city of the dead should be built for thee as a + compensation for the loss of papers, which, in order to save Egypt, we + were unfortunately forced to destroy. On its walls thou canst behold + pleasing paintings of the gods to whom thou hast devoted thy life, the + most sacred chapters from the book of the dead, and many other beautiful + pictures touching thine own life and character.” + </p> + <p> + “The physician turned very pale—asked first to see his books, and + then his new and beautifully-fitted-up tomb. He then gave his slaves their + freedom, (notwithstanding which they were still taken to Memphis as + prisoners of war), and went home, often passing his hand across his + forehead on the way, and with the uncertain step of one intoxicated. On + reaching his house he made a will, bequeathing all he possessed to the + grandson of his old servant Hib, and, alleging that he was ill, went to + bed. The next morning he was found dead. He had poisoned himself with the + fearful strychnos-juice.” + </p> + <p> + “Miserable man” said Croesus. “The gods had blinded him, and he reaped + despair instead of revenge, as a reward for his treachery.” + </p> + <p> + “I pity him,” murmured Rhodopis. “But look, the rowers are taking in their + oars. We are at the end of our journey; there are your litters and + carriages waiting for you. It was a beautiful trip. Farewell, my dear + ones; come to Naukratis soon, I shall return at once with Theopompus and + Syloson. Give little Parmys a thousand kisses from me, and tell Melitta + never to take her out at noon. It is dangerous for the eyes. Good-night, + Croesus; good-night, friends, farewell my dear son.” + </p> + <p> + The Persians left the vessel with many a nod and farewell word, and + Bartja, looking round once more, missed his footing and fell on the + landing-pier. + </p> + <p> + He sprang up in a moment without Zopyrus’ help, who came running back, + calling out, “Take care, Bartja! It’s unlucky to fall in stepping ashore. + I did the very same thing, when we left the ship that time at Naukratis.” + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0030" id="link2HCH0030"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XIV. + </h2> + <p> + While our friends were enjoying their row on the Nile, Cambyses’ envoy, + Prexaspes, had returned from a mission to the long-lived Ethiopians. He + praised their strength and stature, described the way to their country as + almost inaccessible to a large army, and had plenty of marvellous tales to + tell. How, for instance; they always chose the strongest and handsomest + man in their nation for their king, and obeyed him unconditionally: how + many of them reached the age of 120 years, and some even passed it: how + they ate nothing but boiled flesh, drank new milk and washed in a spring + the waters of which had the scent of violets, gave a remarkable lustre to + their skins, and were so light that wood could not swim in them: how their + captives wore golden fetters, because other metals were rare and dear in + their country; and lastly, how they covered the bodies of the dead with + plaster or stucco, over which a coating of some glass-like material was + poured, and kept the pillars thus formed one year in their houses, during + which time sacrifices were offered them, and at the year’s end they were + placed in rows around the town. + </p> + <p> + The king of this strange people had accepted Cambyses’ presents, saying, + in a scornful tone, that he new well his friendship was of no importance + to the Persians, and Prexaspes had only been sent to spy out the land. If + the prince of Asia were a just man, he would be contented with his own + immense empire and not try to subjugate a people who had done him no + wrong. “Take your king this bow,” he said, “and advise him not to begin + the war with us, until the Persians are able to bend such weapons as + easily as we do. Cambyses may thank the gods, that the Ethiopians have + never taken it into their heads to conquer countries which do not belong + to them.” + </p> + <p> + He then unbent his mighty bow of ebony, and gave it to Prexaspes to take + to his lord. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses laughed at the bragging African, invited his nobles to a trial of + the bow the next morning, and awarded Prexaspes for the clever way in + which he had overcome the difficulties of his journey and acquitted + himself of his mission. He then went to rest, as usual intoxicated, and + fell into a disturbed sleep, in which he dreamed that Bartja was seated on + the throne of Persia, and that the crown of his head touched the heavens. + </p> + <p> + This was a dream, which he could interpret without the aid of soothsayer + or Chaldean. It roused his anger first, and then made him thoughtful. + </p> + <p> + He could not sleep, and such questions as the following came into his + mind: “Haven’t you given your brother reason to feel revengeful? Do you + think he can forget that you imprisoned and condemned him to death, when + he was innocent? And if he should raise his hand against you, would not + all the Achaemenidae take his part? Have I ever done, or have I any + intention of ever doing anything to win the love of these venal courtiers? + Since Nitetis died and that strange Greek fled, has there been a single + human being, in whom I have the least confidence or on whose affection I + can rely?” + </p> + <p> + These thoughts and questionings excited him so fearfully, that he sprang + from his bed, crying: “Love and I have nothing to do with one another. + Other men maybe kind and good if they like; I must be stern, or I shall + fall into the hands of those who hate me—hate me because I have been + just, and have visited heavy sins with heavy chastisements. They whisper + flattering words in my ear; they curse me when my back is turned. The gods + themselves must be my enemies, or why do they rob me of everything I love, + deny me posterity and even that military glory which is my just due? Is + Bartja so much better than I, that everything which I am forced to give up + should be his in hundred-fold measure? Love, friendship, fame, children, + everything flows to him as the rivers to the sea, while my heart is + parched like the desert. But I am king still. I can show him which is the + stronger of us two, and I will, though his forehead may touch the heavens. + In Persia there can be only one great man. He or I,—I or he. In a + few days I’ll send him back to Asia and make him satrap of Bactria. There + he can nurse his child and listen to his wife’s songs, while I am winning + glory in Ethiopia, which it shall not be in his power to lessen. Ho, + there, dressers! bring my robes and a good morning-draught of wine. I’ll + show the Persians that I’m fit to be King of Ethiopia, and can beat them + all at bending a bow. Here, give me another cup of wine. I’d bend that + bow, if it were a young cedar and its string a cable!” So saying he + drained an immense bowl of wine and went into the palace-garden, conscious + of his enormous strength and therefore sure of success. + </p> + <p> + All his nobles were assembled waiting for him there, welcomed him with + loud acclamations, and fell on their faces to the ground before their + king. + </p> + <p> + Pillars, connected by scarlet cords, had been quickly set up between the + closely-cut hedges and straight avenues. From these cords, suspended by + gold and silver rings, yellow and dark blue hangings fluttered in the + breeze. Gilded wooden benches had been placed round in a large circle, and + nimble cup-bearers handed wine in costly vessels to the company assembled + for the shooting-match. + </p> + <p> + At a sign from the king the Achaemenidae rose from the earth. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses glanced over their ranks, and his face brightened on seeing that + Bartja was not there. Prexaspes handed him the Ethiopian bow, and pointed + out a target at some distance. Cambyses laughed at the large size of the + target, weighted the bow with his right hand, challenged his subjects to + try their fortune first, and handed the bow to the aged Hystaspes, as the + highest in rank among the Achaemenidae. + </p> + <p> + While Hystaspes first, and then all the heads of the six other highest + families in Persia, were using their utmost efforts to bend this monster + weapon in vain, the king emptied goblet after goblet of wine, his spirits + rising as he watched their vain endeavors to solve the Ethiopian’s + problem. At last Darius, who was famous for his skill in archery, took the + bow. Nearly the same result. The wood was inflexible as iron and all his + efforts only availed to move it one finger’s breadth. The king gave him a + friendly nod in reward for his success, and then, looking round on his + friends and relations in a manner that betokened the most perfect + assurance, he said: “Give me the bow now, Darius. I will show you, that + there is only one man in Persia who deserves the name of king;—only + one who can venture to take the field against the Ethiopians;—only + one who can bend this bow.” + </p> + <p> + He grasped it tightly with his left hand, taking the string, which was as + thick as a man’s finger and made from the intestines of a lion, in his + right, fetched a deep breath, bent his mighty back and pulled and pulled; + collected all his strength for greater and greater efforts, strained his + sinews till they threatened to break, and the veins in his forehead were + swollen to bursting, did not even disdain to use his feet and legs, but + all in vain. After a quarter of an hour of almost superhuman exertion, his + strength gave way, the ebony, which he had succeeded in bending even + farther than Darius, flew back and set all his further endeavors at + nought. At last, feeling himself thoroughly exhausted, he dashed the bow + on to the ground in a passion, crying: “The Ethiopian is a liar! no mortal + man has ever bent that bow. What is impossible for my arm is possible for + no other. In three days we will start for Ethiopia. I will challenge the + impostor to a single combat, and ye shall see which is the stronger. Take + up the bow, Prexaspes, and keep it carefully. The black liar shall be + strangled with his own bow-string. This wood is really harder than iron, + and I confess that the man who could bend it, would really be my master. I + should not be ashamed to call him so, for he must be of better stuff than + I.” + </p> + <p> + As he finished speaking, Bartja appeared in the circle of assembled + Persians. His glorious figure was set off to advantage by his rich dress, + his features were bright with happiness and a feeling of conscious + strength. He passed through the ranks of the Achaemenidae with many a + friendly nod, which was warmly returned, and going straight to his + brother, kissed his robe, looked up frankly and cheerfully into his gloomy + eyes, and said: “I am a little late, and ask your forgiveness, my lord and + brother. Or have I really come in time? Yes, yes, I see there’s no arrow + in the target yet, so I am sure you, the best archer in the world, cannot + have tried your strength yet. But you look so enquiringly at me. Then I + will confess that our child kept me. The little creature laughed to-day + for the first time, and was so charming with its mother, that I forgot how + time was passing while I watched them. You have all full leave to laugh at + my folly; I really don’t know how to excuse myself. See, the little one + has pulled my star from the chain. But I think, my brother, you will give + me a new one to-day if I should hit the bull’s eye. Shall I shoot first, + or will you begin, my Sovereign?” + </p> + <p> + “Give him the bow, Prexaspes,” said Cambyses, not even deigning to look at + his brother. + </p> + <p> + Bartja took it and was proceeding to examine the wood and the string, when + Cambyses suddenly called out, with a mocking laugh: “By Mithras, I believe + you want to try your sweet looks on the bow, and win its favor in that + fashion, as you do the hearts of men. Give it back to Prexaspes. It’s + easier to play with beautiful women and laughing children, than with a + weapon like this, which mocks the strength even of real men.” + </p> + <p> + Bartja blushed with anger and annoyance at this speech, which was uttered + in the bitterest tone, picked up the giant arrow that lay before him, + placed himself opposite the target, summoned all his strength, bent the + bow, by an almost superhuman effort, and sent the arrow into the very + centre of the target, where its iron point remained, while the wooden + shaft split into a hundred shivers. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Herodotus tells this story (III, 30.), and we are indebted to him + also for our information of the events which follow. The following + inscription, said to have been placed over the grave of Darius, and + communicated by Onesikritus, (Strabo 730.) proves that the Persians + were very proud of being reputed good archers: “I was a friend to my + friends, the best rider and archer, a first-rate hunter; I could do + everything.”] +</pre> + <p> + Most of the Achaemenidae burst into loud shouts of delight at this + marvellous proof of strength; but Bartja’s nearest friends turned pale and + were silent; they were watching the king, who literally quivered with + rage, and Bartja, who was radiant with pride and joy. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses was a fearful sight at that moment. It seemed to him as if that + arrow, in piercing the target, had pierced his own heart, his strength, + dignity and honor. Sparks floated before his eyes, in his ears was a sound + like the breaking of a stormy sea on the shore; his cheeks glowed and he + grasped the arm of Prexaspes who was at his side. Prexaspes only too well + understood what that pressure meant, when given by a royal hand, and + murmured: “Poor Bartja!” + </p> + <p> + At last the king succeeded in recovering his presence of mind. Without + saying a word, he threw a gold chain to his brother, ordered his nobles to + follow him, and left the garden, but only to wander restlessly up and down + his apartments, and try to drown his rage in wine. Suddenly he seemed to + have formed a resolution and ordered all the courtiers, except Prexaspes, + to leave the hall. When they were alone, he called out in a hoarse voice + and with a look that proved the extent of his intoxication: “This life is + not to be borne! Rid me of my enemy, and I will call you my friend and + benefactor.” + </p> + <p> + Prexaspes trembled, threw himself at the king’s feet and raised his hands + imploringly; but Cambyses was too intoxicated, and too much blinded by his + hatred to understand the action. He fancied the prostration was meant as a + sign of devotion to his will, signed to him to rise, and whispered, as if + afraid of hearing his own words: “Act quickly and secretly; and, as you + value your life, let no one know of the upstart’s death. Depart, and when + your work is finished, take as much as you like out of the treasury. But + keep your wits about you. The boy has a strong arm and a winning tongue. + Think of your own wife and children, if he tries to win you over with his + smooth words.” + </p> + <p> + As he spoke he emptied a fresh goblet of pure wine, staggered through the + door of the room, calling out as he turned his back on Prexaspes: “Woe be + to you if that upstart, that woman’s hero, that fellow who has robbed me + of my honor, is left alive.” + </p> + <p> + Long after he had left the hall, Prexaspes stood fixed on the spot where + he had heard these words. The man was ambitious, but neither mean nor bad, + and he felt crushed by the awful task allotted to him. He knew that his + refusal to execute it would bring death or disgrace on himself and on his + family; but he loved Bartja, and besides, his whole nature revolted at the + thought of becoming a common, hired murderer. A fearful struggle began in + his mind, and raged long after he left the palace. On the way home he met + Croesus and Darius. He fancied they would see from his looks that he was + already on the way to a great crime, and hid himself behind the projecting + gate of a large Egyptian house. As they passed, he heard Croesus say: “I + reproached him bitterly, little as he deserves reproach in general, for + having given such an inopportune proof of his great strength. We may + really thank the gods, that Cambyses did not lay violent hands on him in a + fit of passion. He has followed my advice now and gone with his wife to + Sais. For the next few days Bartja must not come near the king; the mere + sight of him might rouse his anger again, and a monarch can always find + unprincipled servants...” + </p> + <p> + The rest of the sentence died away in the distance, but the words he had + heard were enough to make Prexaspes start, as if Croesus had accused him + of the shameful deed. He resolved in that moment that, come what would, + his hands should not be stained with the blood of a friend. This + resolution restored him his old erect bearing and firm gait for the time, + but when he reached the dwelling which had been assigned as his abode in + Sais his two boys ran to the door to meet him. They had stolen away from + the play-ground of the sons of the Achaemenidae, (who, as was always the + case, had accompanied the king and the army), to see their father for a + moment. He felt a strange tenderness, which he could not explain to + himself, on taking them in his arms, and kissed the beautiful boys once + more on their telling him that they must go back to their play-ground + again, or they should be punished. Within, he found his favorite wife + playing with their youngest child, a sweet little girl. Again the same + strange, inexplicable feeling of tenderness. He overcame it this time for + fear of betraying his secret to his young wife, and retired to his own + apartment early. + </p> + <p> + Night had come on. + </p> + <p> + The sorely-tried man could not sleep; he turned restlessly from side to + side. The fearful thought, that his refusal to do the king’s will would be + the ruin of his wife and children, stood before his wakeful eyes in the + most vivid colors. The strength to keep his good resolution forsook him, + and even Croesus’ words, which, when he first heard them had given his + nobler feelings the victory, now came in as a power on the other side. “A + monarch can always find unprincipled servants.” Yes, the words were an + affront, but at the same time a reminder, that though he might defy the + king’s command a hundred others would be ready to obey it. No sooner had + this thought become clear to him, than he started up, examined a number of + daggers which hung, carefully arranged, above his bed, and laid the + sharpest on the little table before him. + </p> + <p> + He then began to pace the room in deep thought, often going to the opening + which served as a window, to cool his burning forehead and see if dawn + were near. + </p> + <p> + When at last daylight appeared, he heard the sounding brass calling the + boys to early prayer. That reminded him of his sons and he examined the + dagger a second time. A troop of gaily-dressed courtiers rode by on their + way to the king. He put the dagger in his girdle; and at last, on hearing + the merry laughter of his youngest child sound from the women’s + apartments, he set the tiara hastily on his head, left the house without + taking leave of his wife, and, accompanied by a number of slaves, went + down to the Nile. There he threw himself into a boat and ordered the + rowers to take him to Sais. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ......................... +</pre> + <p> + A few hours after the fatal shooting-match, Bartja had followed Croesus’ + advice and had gone off to Sais with his young wife. They found Rhodopis + there. She had yielded to an irresistible impulse and, instead of + returning to Naukratis, had stopped at Sais. Bartja’s fall on stepping + ashore had disturbed her, and she had with her own eyes seen an owl fly + from the left side close by his head. These evil omens, to a heart which + had by no means outgrown the superstitions of the age, added to a confused + succession of distressing dreams which had disturbed her slumbers, and her + usual wish to be always near Bartja and Sappho, led her to decide quickly + on waiting for her granddaughter at Sais. + </p> + <p> + Bartja and Sappho were delighted to find such a welcome guest, and after + she had dandled and played with her great grandchild, the little Parmys, + to her heart’s content, they led her to the rooms which had been prepared + for her. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Herodotus states, that beside Atossa, &c.. Darius took a daughter + of the deceased Bartja, named Parmys, to be his wife. Herod. III. + 88. She is also mentioned VII. 78.] +</pre> + <p> + They were the same in which the unhappy Tachot had spent the last months + of her fading existence. Rhodopis could not see all the little trifles + which showed, not only the age and sex of the former occupant, but her + tastes and disposition, without feeling very sad. On the dressing-table + were a number of little ointment-boxes and small bottles for perfumes, + cosmetics, washes and oils. Two larger boxes, one in the form of a + Nile-goose, and another on the side of which a woman playing on a lute had + been painted, had once contained the princess’s costly golden ornaments, + and the metal mirror with a handle in the form of a sleeping maiden, had + once reflected her beautiful face with its pale pink flush. Everything in + the room, from the elegant little couch resting on lions’ claws, to the + delicately-carved ivory combs on the toilet-table, proved that the outward + adornments of life had possessed much charm for the former owner of these + rooms. The golden sisirum and the delicately-wrought nabla, the strings of + which had long ago been broken, testified to her taste for music, while + the broken spindle in the corner, and some unfinished nets of glass beads + shewed that she had been fond of woman’s usual work. + </p> + <p> + It was a sad pleasure to Rhodopis to examine all these things, and the + picture which she drew in her own mind of Tachot after the inspection, + differed very little from the reality. At last interest and curiosity led + her to a large painted chest. She lifted the light cover and found, first, + a few dried flowers; then a ball, round which some skilful hand had + wreathed roses and leaves, once fresh and bright, now, alas, long ago dead + and withered. Beside these were a number of amulets in different forms, + one representing the goddess of truth, another containing spells written + on a strip of papyrus and concealed in a little golden case. Then her eyes + fell on some letters written in the Greek character. She read them by the + light of the lamp. They were from Nitetis in Persia to her supposed + sister, and were written in ignorance of the latter’s illness. When + Rhodopis laid them down her eyes were full of tears. The dead girl’s + secret lay open before her. She knew now that Tachot had loved Bartja, + that he had given her the faded flowers, and that she had wreathed the + ball with roses because he had thrown it to her. The amulets must have + been intended either to heal her sick heart, or to awaken love in his. + </p> + <p> + As she was putting the letters back in their old place, she touched some + cloths which seemed put in to fill up the bottom of the chest, and felt a + hard round substance underneath. She raised them, and discovered a bust + made of colored wax, such a wonderfully-exact portrait of Nitetis, that an + involuntary exclamation of surprise broke from her, and it was long before + she could turn her eyes away from Theodorus’ marvellous work. + </p> + <p> + She went to rest and fell asleep, thinking of the sad fate of Nitetis, the + Egyptian Princess. + </p> + <p> + The next morning Rhodopis went into the garden—the same into which + we led our readers during the lifetime of Amasis-and found Bartja and + Sappho in an arbor overgrown with vines. + </p> + <p> + Sappho was seated in a light wicker-work chair. Her child lay on her lap, + stretching out its little hands and feet, sometimes to its father, who was + kneeling on the ground before them, and then to its mother whose laughing + face was bent down over her little one. + </p> + <p> + Bartja was very happy with his child. When the little creature buried its + tiny fingers in his curls and beard, he would draw his head back to feel + the strength of the little hand, would kiss its rosy feet, its little + round white shoulders and dimpled arms. Sappho enjoyed the fun, always + trying to draw the little one’s attention to its father. + </p> + <p> + Sometimes, when she stooped down to kiss the rosy baby lips, her forehead + would touch his curls and he would steal the kiss meant for the little + Parmys. + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis watched them a long time unperceived, and, with tears of joy in + her eyes, prayed the gods that they might long be as happy as they now + were. At last she came into the arbor to wish them good-morning, and + bestowed much praise on old Melitta for appearing at the right moment, + parasol in hand, to take her charge out of the sunshine before it became + too bright and hot, and put her to sleep. + </p> + <p> + The old slave had been appointed head-nurse to the high-born child, and + acquitted herself in her new office with an amount of importance which was + very comical. Hiding her old limbs under rich Persian robes, she moved + about exulting in the new and delightful right to command, and kept her + inferiors in perpetual motion. + </p> + <p> + Sappho followed Melitta into the palace, first whispering in her husband’s + ear with her arm round his neck: “Tell my grandmother everything and ask + whether you are right.” + </p> + <p> + Before he could answer, she had stopped his mouth with a kiss, and then + hurried after the old woman who was departing with dignified steps. + </p> + <p> + The prince smiled as he watched her graceful walk and beautiful figure, + and said, turning to Rhodopis: “Does not it strike you, that she has grown + taller lately.” + </p> + <p> + “It seems so,” answered Rhodopis. “A woman’s girlhood has its own peculiar + charm, but her true dignity comes with motherhood. It is the feeling of + having fulfilled her destiny, which raises her head and makes us fancy she + has grown taller.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” said Bartja, “I think she is happy. Yesterday our opinions differed + for the first time, and as she was leaving us just now, she begged me, + privately, to lay the question before you, which I am very glad to do, for + I honor your experience and wisdom just as much, as I love her childlike + inexperience.” + </p> + <p> + Bartja then told the story of the unfortunate shooting-match, finishing + with these words: “Croesus blames my imprudence, but I know my brother; I + know that when he is angry he is capable of any act of violence, and it is + not impossible that at the moment when he felt himself defeated he could + have killed me; but I know too, that when his fierce passion has cooled, + he will forget my boastful deed, and only try to excel me by others of the + same kind. A year ago he was by far the best marksman in Persia, and would + be so still, if drink and epilepsy had not undermined his strength. I must + confess I feel as if I were becoming stronger every day.” + </p> + <p> + “Yes,” interrupted Rhodopis, “pure happiness strengthens a man’s arm, just + as it adds to the beauty of a woman, while intemperance and mental + distress ruin both body and mind far more surely even than old age. My + son, beware of your brother; his strong arm has become paralyzed, and his + generosity can be forfeited too. Trust my experience, that the man who is + the slave of one evil passion, is very seldom master of the rest; besides + which, no one feels humiliation so bitterly as he who is sinking—who + knows that his powers are forsaking him. I say again, beware of your + brother, and trust the voice of experience more than that of your own + heart, which, because it is generous itself, believes every one else to be + so.” + </p> + <p> + “I see,” said Bartja, “that you will take Sappho’s side. Difficult as it + will be for her to part from you, she has still begged me to return with + her to Persia. She thinks that Cambyses may forget his anger, when I am + out of sight. I thought she was over-anxious, and besides, it would + disappoint me not to take part in the expedition against the Ethiopians.” + </p> + <p> + “But I entreat you,” interrupted Rhodopis, “to follow her advice. The gods + only know what pain it will give me to lose you both, and yet I repeat a + thousand times: Go back to Persia, and remember that none but fools stake + life and happiness to no purpose. As to the war with Ethiopia, it is mere + madness; instead of subduing those black inhabitants of the south, you + yourselves will be conquered by heat, thirst and all the horrors of the + desert. In saying this I refer to the campaigns in general; as to your own + share in them, I can only say that if no fame is to be won there, you will + be putting your own life and the happiness of your family in jeopardy + literally for nothing, and that if, on the other hand, you should + distinguish yourself again, it would only be giving fresh cause of + jealousy and anger to your brother. No, go to Persia, as soon as you can.” + </p> + <p> + Bartja was just beginning to make various objections to these arguments, + when he caught sight of Prexaspes coming up to them, looking very pale. + </p> + <p> + After the usual greeting, the envoy whispered to Bartja, that he should + like to speak with him alone. Rhodopis left them at once, and he began, + playing with the rings on his right hand as he spoke, in a constrained, + embarrassed way. “I come from the king. Your display of strength irritated + him yesterday, and he does not wish to see you again for some time. His + orders are, that you set out for Arabia to buy up all the camels that are + to be had. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Camels are never represented on the Egyptian monuments, whereas + they were in great use among the Arabians and Persians, and are now + a necessity on the Nile. They must have existed in Egypt, however. + Hekekyan-Bey discovered the bones of a dromedary in a deep bore. + Representations of these creatures were probably forbid We know this + was the case with the cock, of which bird there were large numbers + in Egypt: It is remarkable, that camels were not introduced into + Barbary until after the birth of Christ.] +</pre> + <p> + “As these animals can bear thirst very long, they are to be used in + conveying food and water for our army on the Ethiopian campaign. There + must be no delay. Take leave of your wife, and (I speak by the king’s + command) be ready to start before dark. You will be absent at least a + month. I am to accompany you as far as Pelusium. Kassandane wishes to have + your wife and child near her during your absence. Send them to Memphis as + soon as possible; under the protection of the queen mother, they will be + in safety.” + </p> + <p> + Prexaspes’ short, constrained way of speaking did not strike Bartja. He + rejoiced at what seemed to him great moderation on the part of his + brother, and at receiving a commission which relieved him of all doubt on + the question of leaving Egypt, gave his friend, (as he supposed him to + be), his hand to kiss and an invitation to follow him into the palace. + </p> + <p> + In the cool of the evening, he took a short but very affectionate farewell + of Sappho and his child, who was asleep in Melitta’s arms, told his wife + to set out as soon as possible on her journey to Kassandane, called out + jestingly to his mother-in-law, that at least this time she had been + mistaken in her judgment of a man’s character, (meaning his brother’s), + and sprang on to his horse. + </p> + <p> + As Prexaspes was mounting, Sappho whispered to him, “Take care of that + reckless fellow, and remind him of me and his child, when you see him + running into unnecessary danger.” + </p> + <p> + “I shall have to leave him at Pelusium,” answered the envoy, busying + himself with the bridle of his horse in order to avoid meeting her eyes. + </p> + <p> + “Then may the gods take him into their keeping!” exclaimed Sappho, + clasping her husband’s hand, and bursting into tears, which she could not + keep back. Bartja looked down and saw his usually trustful wife in tears. + He felt sadder than he had ever felt before. Stooping down lovingly from + his saddle, he put his strong arm round her waist, lifted her up to him, + and as she stood supporting herself on his foot in the stirrup, pressed + her to his heart, as if for a long last farewell. He then let her safely + and gently to the ground, took his child up to him on the saddle, kissed + and fondled the little creature, and told her laughingly to make her + mother very happy while he was away, exchanged some warm words of farewell + with Rhodopis, and then, spurring his horse till the creature reared, + dashed through the gateway of the Pharaohs’ palace, with Prexaspes at his + side. + </p> + <p> + When the sound of the horses’ hoofs had died away in the distance, Sappho + laid her head on her grandmother’s shoulder and wept uncontrollably. + Rhodopis remonstrated and blamed, but all in vain, she could not stop her + tears. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0031" id="link2HCH0031"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XV. + </h2> + <p> + On the morning after the trial of the bow, Cambyses was seized by such a + violent attack of his old illness, that he was forced to keep his room for + two days and nights, ill in mind and body; at times raging like a madman, + at others weak and powerless as a little child. + </p> + <p> + On the third day he recovered consciousness and remembered the awful + charge he had laid on Prexaspes, and that it was only too possible he + might have executed it already. At this thought he trembled, as he had + never trembled in his life before. He sent at once for the envoy’s eldest + son, who was one of the royal cup-bearers. The boy said his father had + left Memphis, without taking leave of his family. He then sent for Darius, + Zopyrus and Gyges, knowing how tenderly they loved Bartja, and enquired + after their friend. On hearing from them that he was at Sais, he sent the + three youths thither at once, charging them, if they met Prexaspes on the + way, to send him back to Memphis without delay. This haste and the king’s + strange behavior were quite incomprehensible to the young Achaemenidae; + nevertheless they set out on their journey with all speed, fearing that + something must be wrong. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses, meanwhile, was miserably restless, inwardly cursed his habit of + drinking and tasted no wine the whole of that clay. Seeing his mother in + the palace-gardens, he avoided her; he durst not meet her eye. + </p> + <p> + The next eight days passed without any sign of Prexaspes’ return; they + seemed to the king like a year. A hundred times he sent for the young + cup-bearer and asked if his father had returned; a hundred times he + received the same disappointing answer. + </p> + <p> + At sunset on the thirteenth day, Kassandane sent to beg a visit from him. + The king went at once, for now he longed to look on the face of his + mother; he fancied it might give him back his lost sleep. + </p> + <p> + After he had greeted her with a tenderness so rare from him, that it + astonished her, he asked for what reason she had desired his presence. She + answered, that Bartja’s wife had arrived at Memphis under singular + circumstances and had said she wished to present a gift to Cambyses. He + gave Sappho an audience at once, and heard from her that Prexaspes had + brought her husband an order to start for Arabia, and herself a summons to + Memphis from the queen-mother. At these words the king turned very pale, + and his features were agitated with pain as he looked at his brother’s + lovely young wife. She felt that something unusual was passing in his + mind, and such dreadful forebodings arose in her own, that she could only + offer him the gift in silence and with trembling hands. + </p> + <p> + “My husband sends you this,” she said, pointing to the ingeniously-wrought + box, which contained the wax likeness of Nitetis. Rhodopis had advised her + to take this to the king in Bartja’s name, as a propitiatory offering. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses showed no curiosity as to the contents of the box, gave it in + charge to a eunuch, said a few words which seemed meant as thanks to his + sister-in law, and left the women’s apartments without even so much as + enquiring after Atossa, whose existence he seemed to have forgotten. + </p> + <p> + He had come to his mother, believing that the visit would comfort and calm + his troubled mind, but Sappho’s words had destroyed his last hope, and + with that his last possibility of rest or peace. By this time either + Prexaspes would already have committed the murder, or perhaps at that very + moment might be raising his dagger to plunge it into Bartja’s heart. + </p> + <p> + How could he ever meet his mother again after Bartja’s death? how could he + answer her questions or those of that lovely Sappho, whose large, anxious, + appealing eyes had touched him so strangely? + </p> + <p> + A voice within told him, that his brother’s murder would be branded as a + cowardly, unnatural, and unjust deed, and he shuddered at the thought. It + seemed fearful, unbearable, to be called an assassin. He had already + caused the death of many a man without the least compunction, but that had + been done either in fair fight, or openly before the world. He was king, + and what the king did was right. Had he killed Bartja with his own hand, + his conscience would not have reproached him; but to have had him + privately put out of the way, after he had given so many proofs of + possessing first-rate manly qualities, which deserved the highest praise—this + tortured him with a feeling of rage at his own want of principle,-a + feeling of shame and remorse which he had never known before. He began to + despise himself. The consciousness of having acted, and wished to act + justly, forsook him, and he began to fancy, that every one who had been + executed by his orders, had been, like Bartja, an innocent victim of his + fierce anger. These thoughts became so intolerable, that he began to drink + once more in the hope of drowning them. But now the wine had precisely the + opposite effect, and brought such tormenting thoughts, that, worn out as + he was already by epileptic fits and his habit of drinking, both body and + mind threatened to give way to the agitation caused by the events of the + last months. Burning and shivering by turns, he was at last forced to lie + down. While the attendants were disrobing him, he remembered his brother’s + present, had the box fetched and opened, and then desired to be left + alone. The Egyptian paintings on the outside of the box reminded him of + Nitetis, and then he asked himself what she would have said to his deed. + Fever had already begun, and his mind was wandering as he took the + beautiful wax bust out of the box. He stared in horror at the dull, + immovable eyes. The likeness was so perfect, and his judgment so weakened + by wine and fever, that he fancied himself the victim of some spell, and + yet could not turn his eyes from those dear features. Suddenly the eyes + seemed to move. He was seized with terror, and, in a kind of convulsion, + hurled what he thought had become a living head against the wall. The + hollow, brittle wax broke into a thousand fragments, and Cambyses sank + back on to his bed with a groan. + </p> + <p> + From that moment the fever increased. In his delirium the banished Phanes + appeared, singing a scornful Greek song and deriding him in such infamous + words, that his fists clenched with rage. Then he saw his friend and + adviser, Croesus, threatening him in the very same words of warning, which + he had used when Bartja had been sentenced to death by his command on + account of Nitetis: “Beware of shedding a brother’s blood; the smoke + thereof will rise to heaven and become a cloud, that must darken the days + of the murderer, and at last cast down the lightnings of heaven upon his + head.” + </p> + <p> + And in his delirious fancy this figure of speech became a reality. A rain + of blood streamed down upon him from dark clouds; his clothes and hands + were wet with the loathsome moisture. He went down to the Nile to cleanse + himself, and suddenly saw Nitetis coming towards him. She had the same + sweet smile with which Theodorus had modelled her. Enchanted with this + lovely vision, he fell down before her and took her hand, but he had + scarcely touched it, when drops of blood appeared at the tips of her + delicate fingers, and she turned away from him with every sign of horror. + He humbly implored her to forgive him and come back; she remained + inexorable. He grew angry, and threatened her, first with his wrath, and + then with awful punishments. At last, as she only answered his threats by + a low scornful laugh, he ventured to throw his dagger at her. She crumbled + at once into a thousand pieces, like the wax statue. But the derisive + laughter echoed on, and became louder. Many voices joined in it, each + trying to outbid the other. And the voices of Bartja and Nitetis were the + loudest,—their tone the most bitter. At last he could bear these + fearful sounds no longer and stopped his ears; this was of no use, and he + buried his head, first in the glowing desert-sand and then in the icy cold + Nile-water, until his senses forsook him. On awaking, the actual state of + things seemed incomprehensible to him. He had gone to bed in the evening, + and yet he now saw, by the direction of the sun’s rays which fell on his + bed, that, instead of dawning as he had expected, the day was growing + dark. There could be no mistake; he heard the chorus of priests singing + farewell to the setting Mithras. + </p> + <p> + Then he heard a number of people moving behind a curtain, which had been + hung up at the head of his bed. He tried to turn in his bed, but could + not; he was too weak. At last, finding it impossible to discover whether + he was in real life or still in a dream, he called for his dressers and + the courtiers, who were accustomed to be present when he rose. They + appeared in a moment, and with them his mother, Prexaspes, a number of the + learned among the Magi, and some Egyptians who were unknown to him. They + told him, that he had been lying in a violent fever for weeks, and had + only escaped death by the special mercy of the gods, the skill of the + physicians, and the unwearied nursing of his mother. He looked enquiringly + first at Kassandane, then at Prexaspes, lost consciousness again, and fell + into a deep sleep, from which he awoke the next morning with renewed + strength. + </p> + <p> + In four days he was strong enough to sit up and able to question Prexaspes + on the only subject, which occupied his thoughts. + </p> + <p> + In consideration of his master’s weakness the envoy was beginning an + evasive reply, when a threatening movement of the king’s gaunt, worn hand, + and a look which had by no means lost its old power of awing into + submission, brought him to the point at once, and in the hope of giving + the king a great pleasure and putting his mind completely at rest, he + began: “Rejoice, O King! the youth, who dared to desire the disparagement + of thy glory, is no more. This hand slew him and buried his body at + Baal-Zephon. The sand of the desert and the unfruitful waves of the Red + Sea were the only witnesses of the deed; and no creature knows thereof + beside thyself, O King, thy servant Prexaspes, and the gulls and + cormorants, that hover over his grave.” + </p> + <p> + The king uttered a piercing shriek of rage, was seized by a fresh + shivering-fit, and sank back once more in raving delirium. + </p> + <p> + Long weeks passed, every day of which threatened its death. At last, + however, his strong constitution gained the day, but his mind had given + way, and remained disordered and weak up to his last hour. + </p> + <p> + When he was strong enough to leave the sick-room and to ride and shoot + once more, he abandoned himself more than ever to the pleasure of + drinking, and lost every remnant of self-control. + </p> + <p> + The delusion had fixed itself in his disordered mind, that Bartja was not + dead, but transformed into the bow of the King of Ethiopia, and that the + Feruer (soul) of his father Cyrus had commanded him to restore Bartja to + its original form, by subjugating the black nation. + </p> + <p> + This idea, which he confided to every one about him as a great secret, + pursued him day and night and gave him no rest, until he had started for + Ethiopia with an immense host. He was forced, however, to return without + having accomplished his object, after having miserably lost the greater + part of his army by heat and the scarcity of provisions. An historian, who + may almost be spoken of as contemporary, tells us that the wretched + soldiers, after having subsisted on herbs as long as they could, came to + deserts where there was no sign of vegetation, and in their despair + resorted to an expedient almost too fearful to describe. Lots were drawn + by every ten men, and he on whom the lot fell was killed and eaten by the + other nine. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Herodotus visited Egypt some 60 years after the death of Cambyses, + 454 B.C. He describes the Ethiopian campaign, III. 25.] +</pre> + <p> + At last things went so far, that his subjects compelled this madman to + return, but only, with their slavish Asiatic feelings, to obey him all the + more blindly, when they found themselves once more in inhabited regions. + </p> + <p> + On reaching Memphis with the wreck of his army, he found the Egyptians in + glorious apparel celebrating a festival. They had found a new Apis and + were rejoicing over the reappearance of their god, incarnate in the sacred + bull. + </p> + <p> + As Cambyses had heard at Thebes, that the army he had sent against the + oasis of Ammon in the Libyan desert, had perished miserably in a Khamsin, + or Simoom, and that his fleet, which was to conquer Carthage, had refused + to fight with a people of their own race, he fancied that the Memphians + must be celebrating a festival of joy at the news of his misfortunes, sent + for their principal men, and after reproaching them with their conduct, + asked why they had been gloomy and morose after his victories, but joyous + at hearing of his misfortunes. The Memphians answered by explaining the + real ground for their merry-making, and told him, that the appearance of + the sacred bull was always celebrated in Egypt with the greatest + rejoicings. Cambyses called them liars, and, as such, sentenced them to + death. He then sent for the priests; received, however, exactly the same + answer from them. + </p> + <p> + With the bitterest irony he asked to be allowed to make the acquaintance + of this new god, and commanded them to bring him. The bull Apis was + brought and the king told that he was the progeny of a virgin cow and a + moonbeam, that he must be black, with a white triangular spot on the + forehead, the likeness of an eagle on his back, and on his side the + crescent moon. There must be two kinds of hair on his tail, and on his + tongue an excrescence in the form of the sacred beetle Scarabaeus. + </p> + <p> + When Cambyses saw this deified creature he could discover nothing + remarkable in him, and was so enraged that he plunged his sword into its + side. As the blood streamed from the wound and the animal fell, he broke + out into a piercing laugh, and cried: “Ye fools! so your gods are flesh + and blood; they can be wounded. Such folly is worthy of you. But ye shall + find, that it is not so easy to make a fool of me. Ho, guards! flog these + priests soundly, and kill every one whom you find taking part in this mad + celebration.” The command was obeyed and fearfully exasperated the + Egyptians. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [According to Herod. III. 29. Cambyses’ sword slipped and ran into + the leg of the sacred bull. As the king died also of a wound in the + thigh, this just suits Herodotus, who always tries to put the + retribution that comes after presumptuous crime in the strongest + light; but it is very unlikely that the bull should have died of a + mere thigh wound.] +</pre> + <p> + Apis died of his wound; the Memphians buried him secretly in the vaults + belonging to the sacred bulls, near the Serapeum, and, led by Psamtik, + attempted an insurrection against the Persians. This was very quickly put + down, however, and cost Psamtik his life,—a life the stains and + severities of which deserve to be forgiven, in consideration of his + unwearied, ceaseless efforts to deliver his people from a foreign yoke, + and his death in the cause of freedom. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses’ madness had meanwhile taken fresh forms. After the failure of + his attempt to restore Bartja, (transformed as he fancied into a bow) to + his original shape, his irritability increased so frightfully that a + single word, or even a look, was sufficient to make him furious. Still his + true friend and counsellor, Croesus, never left him, though the king had + more than once given him over to the guards for execution. But the guards + knew their master; they took good care not to lay hands on the old man, + and felt sure of impunity, as the king would either have forgotten his + command, or repented of it by the next day, Once, however, the miserable + whip bearers paid a fearful penalty for their lenity. Cambyses, while + rejoicing that Croesus was saved, ordered his deliverers to be executed + for disobedience without mercy. + </p> + <p> + It would be repugnant to us to repeat all the tales of barbarous + cruelties, which are told of Cambyses at this insane period of his life; + but we cannot resist mentioning a few which seem to us especially + characteristic. + </p> + <p> + While sitting at table one day, already somewhat intoxicated, he asked + Prexaspes what the Persians thought of him. The envoy, who in hopes of + deadening his tormenting conscience by the performance of noble and + dangerous acts, let no opportunity pass of trying to exercise a good + influence over his sovereign, answered that they extolled him on every + point, but thought he was too much addicted to wine. + </p> + <p> + These words, though spoken half in jest, put the king into a violent + passion, and he almost shrieked: “So the Persians say, that the wine has + taken away my senses, do they? on the contrary, I’ll show them that + they’ve lost their own.” And as he spoke he bent his bow, took aim for a + moment at Prexaspes’ eldest son, who, as cup-bearer, was standing at the + back of the hall waiting for and watching every look of his sovereign, and + shot him in the breast. He then gave orders that the boy’s body should be + opened and examined. The arrow had pierced the centre of his heart. This + delighted the senseless tyrant, and he called out with a laugh: “Now you + see, Prexaspes, it’s the Persians who have lost their judgment, not I. + Could any one have hit the mark better?” + </p> + <p> + Prexaspes stood there, pale and motionless, compelled to watch the horrid + scene, like Niobe when chained to Sipylus. His servile spirit bowed before + the ruler’s power, instead of arming his right hand with the dagger of + revenge, and when the frantic king asked him the same question a second + time, he actually answered, pressing his hand on his heart: “A god could + not have hit the mark more exactly.” + </p> + <p> + A few weeks after this, the king went to Sais, and there was shown the + rooms formerly occupied by his bride. This brought back all the old + painful recollections in full force, and at the same time his clouded + memory reminded him, though without any clearness of detail, that Amasis + had deceived both Nitetis and himself. He cursed the dead king and + furiously demanded to be taken to the temple of Neith, where his mummy was + laid. There he tore the embalmed body out of its sarcophagus, caused it to + be scourged, to be stabbed with pins, had the hair torn off and maltreated + it in every possible way. In conclusion, and contrary to the ancient + Persian religious law, which held the pollution of pure fire by corpses to + be a deadly sin, he caused Amasis’ dead body to be burnt, and condemned + the mummy of his first wife, which lay in a sarcophagus at Thebes, her + native place, to the same fate. + </p> + <p> + On his return to Memphis, Cambyses did not shrink from personally + ill-treating his wife and sister, Atossa. + </p> + <p> + He had ordered a combat of wild beasts to take place, during which, + amongst other entertainments of the same kind, a dog was to fight with a + young lion. The lion had conquered his antagonist, when another dog, the + brother of the conquered one, broke away from his chain, attacked the + lion, and with the help of the wounded dog, vanquished him. + </p> + <p> + This scene delighted Cambyses, but Kassandane and Atossa, who had been + forced by the king’s command to be present, began to weep aloud. + </p> + <p> + The tyrant was astonished, and on asking the reason for their tears, + received as answer from the impetuous Atossa, that the brave creature who + had risked its own life to save its brother, reminded her of Bartja. She + would not say by whom he had been murdered, but his murder had never been + avenged. + </p> + <p> + These words so roused the king’s anger, and so goaded his conscience, that + in a fit of insane fury he struck the daring woman, and might possibly + have killed her, if his mother had not thrown herself into his arms and + exposed her own body to his mad blows. + </p> + <p> + Her voice and action checked his rage, for he had not lost reverence for + his mother; but her look of intense anger and contempt, which he clearly + saw and could not forget, begot a fresh delusion in his mind. He believed + from that moment, that the eyes of women had power to poison him; he + started and hid himself behind his companions whenever he saw a woman, and + at last commanded that all the female inhabitants of the palace at + Memphis, his mother not excepted, should be sent back to Ecbatana. Araspes + and Gyges were appointed to be their escort thither. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ...................... +</pre> + <p> + The caravan of queens and princesses had arrived at Sais; they alighted at + the royal palace. Croesus had accompanied them thus far on their way from + Egypt. + </p> + <p> + Kassandane had altered very much during the last few years. Grief and + suffering had worn deep lines in her once beautiful face, though they had + had no power to bow her stately figure. + </p> + <p> + Atossa, on the contrary, was more beautiful than ever, notwithstanding all + she had suffered. The refractory and impetuous child, the daring spirited + girl, had developed into a dignified, animated and determined woman. The + serious side of life, and three sad years passed with her ungovernable + husband and brother, had been first-rate masters in the school of + patience, but they had not been able to alienate her heart from her first + love. Sappho’s friendship had made up to her in some measure for the loss + of Darius. + </p> + <p> + The young Greek had become another creature, since the mysterious + departure of her husband. Her rosy color and her lovely smile were both + gone. But she was wonderfully beautiful, in spite of her paleness, her + downcast eyelashes and languid attitude. She looked like Ariadne waiting + for Theseus. Longing and expectation lay in every look, in the low tone of + her voice, in her measured walk. At the sound of approaching steps, the + opening of a door or the unexpected tones of a man’s voice, she would + start, get up and listen, and then sink back into the old waiting, longing + attitude, disappointed but not hopeless. She began to dream again, as she + had been so fond of doing in her girlish days. + </p> + <p> + She was her old self only when playing with her child. Then the color came + back to her cheeks, her eyes sparkled, she seemed once more to live in the + present, and not only in the past or future. + </p> + <p> + Her child was everything to her. In that little one Bartja seemed to be + still alive, and she could love the child with all her heart and strength, + without taking one iota from her love to him. With this little creature + the gods had mercifully given her an aim in life and a link with the lower + world, the really precious part of which had seemed to vanish with her + vanished husband. Sometimes, as she looked into her baby’s blue eyes, so + wonderfully like Bartja’s, she thought: Why was not she born a boy? He + would have grown more like his father from day to day, and at last, if + such a thing indeed could ever be, a second Bartja would have stood before + me. + </p> + <p> + But such thoughts generally ended soon in her pressing the little one + closer than ever to her heart, and blaming herself for ingratitude and + folly. + </p> + <p> + One day Atossa put the same idea in words, exclaiming: “If Parmys were + only a boy! He would have grown up exactly like his father, and have been + a second Cyrus for Persia.” Sappho smiled sadly at her friend, and covered + the little one with kisses, but Kassandane said: “Be thankful to the gods, + my child, for having given you a daughter. If Parmys were a boy, he would + be taken from you as soon as he had reached his sixth year, to be brought + up with the sons of the other Achaemenidae, but your daughter will remain + your own for many years.” + </p> + <p> + Sappho trembled at the mere thought of parting from her child; she pressed + its little fair curly head close to her breast, and never found, fault + with her treasure again for being a girl. + </p> + <p> + Atossa’s friendship was a great comfort to her poor wounded heart. With + her she could speak of Bartja as much and as often as she would, and was + always certain of a kind and sympathizing listener. Atossa had loved her + vanished brother very dearly. And even a stranger would have enjoyed + hearing Sappho tell of her past happiness. Her words rose into real + eloquence in speaking of those bright days; she seemed like an inspired + poetess. Then she would take her lyre, and with her clear, sweet, + plaintive voice sing the love-songs of the elder Sappho, in which all her + own deepest feelings were so truly expressed, and fancy herself once more + with her lover sitting under the sweet-scented acanthus in the quiet + night, and forget the sad reality of her present life. And when, with a + deep sigh, she laid aside the lyre and came back out of this + dream-kingdom, the tears were always to be seen in Kassandane’s eyes, + though she did not understand the language in which Sappho had been + singing, and Atossa would bend down and kiss her forehead. + </p> + <p> + Thus three long years had passed, during which Sappho had seldom seen her + grandmother, for, as the mother of Parmys, she was by the king’s command, + forbidden to leave the harem, unless permitted and accompanied either by + Kassandane or the eunuchs. + </p> + <p> + On the present occasion Croesus, who had always loved, and loved her + still, like a daughter, had sent for Rhodopis to Sais. He, as well as + Kassandane, understood her wish to take leave of this, her dearest and + most faithful friend, before setting out for Persia; besides which + Kassandane had a great wish to see one in whose praise she had heard so + much. When Sappho’s tender and sad farewell was over therefore, Rhodopis + was summoned to the queen-mother. + </p> + <p> + A stranger, who saw these two women together, would have thought both were + queens; it was impossible to decide which of the two had most right to the + title. + </p> + <p> + Croesus, standing as he did in as close a relation to the one as to the + other, undertook the office of interpreter, and the ready intellect of + Rhodopis helped him to carry on an uninterrupted flow of conversation. + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis, by her own peculiar attractions, soon won the heart of + Kassandane, and the queen knew no better way of proving this than by + offering, in Persian fashion, to grant her some wish. + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis hesitated a moment; then raising her hands as if in prayer, she + cried: “Leave me my Sappho, the consolation and beauty of my old age.” + </p> + <p> + Kassandane smiled sadly. “It is not in my power to grant that wish,” she + answered. “The laws of Persia command, that the children of the + Achaemenidae shall be brought up at the king’s gate. I dare not allow the + little Parmys, Cyrus’ only grandchild, to leave me, and, much as Sappho + loves you, you know she would not part from her child. Indeed, she has + become so dear to me now, and to my daughter, that though I well + understand your wish to have her, I could never allow Sappho to leave us.” + </p> + <p> + Seeing that Rhodopis’ eyes were filling with tears, Kassandane went on: + “There is, however, a good way out of our perplexity. Leave Naukratis, and + come with us to Persia. There you can spend your last years with us and + with your granddaughter, and shall be provided with a royal maintenance.” + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis shook her head, hoary but still so beautiful, and answered in a + suppressed voice: “I thank you, noble queen, for this gracious invitation, + but I feel unable to accept it. Every fibre of my heart is rooted in + Greece, and I should be tearing my life out by leaving it forever. I am so + accustomed to constant activity, perfect freedom, and a stirring exchange + of thought, that I should languish and die in the confinement of a harem. + Croesus had already prepared me for the gracious proposal you have just + made, and I have had a long and difficult battle to fight, before I could + decide on resigning my dearest blessing for my highest good. It is not + easy, but it is glorious, it is more worthy of the Greek name—to + live a good and beautiful life, than a happy one—to follow duty + rather than pleasure. My heart will follow Sappho, but my intellect and + experience belong to the Greeks; and if you should ever hear that the + people of Hellas are ruled by themselves alone, by their own gods, their + own laws, the beautiful and the good, then you will know that the work on + which Rhodopis, in league with the noblest and best of her countrymen, has + staked her life, is accomplished. Be not angry with the Greek woman, who + confesses that she would rather die free as a beggar than live in bondage + as a queen, though envied by the whole world.” + </p> + <p> + Kassandane listened in amazement. She only understood part of what + Rhodopis had said, but felt that she had spoken well and nobly, and at the + conclusion gave her her hand to kiss. After a short pause, Kassandane + said: “Do what you think right, and remember, that as long as I and my + daughter live, your granddaughter will never want for true and faithful + love.” + </p> + <p> + “Your noble countenance and the fame of your great virtue are warrant + enough for that.” answered Rhodopis. + </p> + <p> + “And also,” added the queen, “the duty which lies upon me to make good the + wrong, that has been done your Sappho.” + </p> + <p> + She sighed painfully and went on: “The little Parmys shall be carefully + educated. She seems to have much natural talent, and can sing the songs of + her native country already after her mother. I shall do nothing to check + her love of music, though, in Persia the religious services are the only + occasions in which that art is studied by any but the lower classes.” + </p> + <p> + At these words Rhodopis’ face glowed. “Will you permit me to speak openly, + O Queen?” she said. “Speak without fear,” was Kassandane’s answer. “When + you sighed so painfully just now in speaking of your dear lost son, I + thought: Perhaps that brave young hero might have been still living, if + the Persians had understood better how to educate their sons. Bartja told + me in what that education consisted. To shoot, throw the spear, ride, + hunt, speak the truth, and perhaps also to distinguish between the healing + and noxious properties of certain plants: that is deemed a sufficient + educational provision for a man’s life. The Greek boys are just as + carefully kept to the practice of exercises for hardening and bracing the + body; for these exercises are the founders and preservers of health, the + physician is only its repairer and restorer. If, however, by constant + practice a Greek youth were to attain to the strength of a bull, the truth + of the Deity, and the wisdom of the most learned Egyptian priest, we + should still look down upon him were he wanting in two things which only + early example and music, combined with these bodily exercises, can give: + grace and symmetry. You smile because you do not understand me, but I can + prove to you that music, which, from what Sappho tells me, is not without + its moving power for your heart, is as important an element in education + as gymnastics, and, strange as it may sound, has an equal share in + effecting the perfection of both body and mind. The man who devotes his + attention exclusively to music will, if he be of a violent disposition, + lose his savage sternness at first; he will become gentle and pliable as + metal in the fire. But at last his courage will disappear too; his + passionate temper will have changed into irritability, and he will be of + little worth as a warrior, the calling and character most desired in your + country. If, on the other hand, he confines himself to gymnastics only, he + will, like Cambyses, excel in manliness and strength; but his mind—here + my comparison ceases—will remain obtuse and blind, his perceptions + will be confused, He will not listen to reason, but will endeavor to carry + everything by force, and, lacking grace and proportion, his life will + probably become a succession of rude and violent deeds. On this account we + conclude that music is necessary not only for the mind, and gymnastics not + only for the body, but that both, working together, elevate and soften the + mind and strengthen the body—give manly grace, and graceful + manliness.” + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The fundamental ideas of this speech are drawn from + Plato’s ideal “State.”] +</pre> + <p> + After a moment’s pause Rhodopis went on: “The youth who has not received + such an education, whose roughness has never been checked even in + childhood, who has been allowed to vent his temper on every one, receiving + flattery in return and never hearing reproof; who has been allowed to + command before he has learnt to obey, and who has been brought up in the + belief that splendor, power and riches are the highest good, can never + possibly attain to the perfect manhood, which we beseech the gods to grant + our boys. And if this unfortunate being happens to have been born with an + impetuous disposition, ungovernable and eager passions, these will be only + nourished and increased by bodily exercise unaccompanied by the softening + influence of music, so that at last a child, who possibly came into the + world with good qualities, will, merely through the defects in his + education, degenerate into a destructive animal, a sensual self-destroyer, + and a mad and furious tyrant.” + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis had become animated with her subject. She ceased, saw tears in + the eyes of the queen, and felt that she had gone too far and had wounded + a mother’s heart,—a heart full of noble feeling. She touched her + robe, kissed its border, and said softly: “Forgive me.” + </p> + <p> + Kassandane looked her forgiveness, courteously saluted Rhodopis and + prepared to leave the room. On the threshold, however, she stopped and + said: “I am not angry. Your reproaches are just; but you too must endeavor + to forgive, for I can assure you that he who has murdered the happiness of + your child and of mine, though the most powerful, is of all mortals the + most to be pitied. Farewell! Should you ever stand in need of ought, + remember Cyrus’ widow, and how she wished to teach you, that the virtues + the Persians desire most in their children are magnanimity and + liberality.” + </p> + <p> + After saying this she left the apartment. + </p> + <p> + On the same day Rhodopis heard that Phanes was dead. He had retired to + Crotona in the neighborhood of Pythagoras and there passed his time in + reflection, dying with the tranquillity of a philosopher. + </p> + <p> + She was deeply affected at this news and said to Croesus: “Greece has lost + one of her ablest men, but there are many, who will grow up to be his + equals. The increasing power of Persia causes me no fear; indeed, I + believe that when the barbarous lust of conquest stretches out its hand + towards us, our many-headed Greece will rise as a giant with one head of + divine power, before which mere barbaric strength must bow as surely as + body before spirit.” + </p> + <p> + Three days after this, Sappho said farewell for the last time to her + grandmother, and followed the queens to Persia. Notwithstanding the events + which afterwards took place, she continued to believe that Bartja would + return, and full of love, fidelity and tender remembrance, devoted herself + entirely to the education of her child and the care of her aged + mother-in-law, Kassandane. + </p> + <p> + Little Parmys became very beautiful, and learnt to love the memory of her + vanished father next to the gods of her native land, for her mother’s + tales had brought him as vividly before her as if he had been still alive + and present with them. + </p> + <p> + Atossa’s subsequent good fortune and happiness did not cool her + friendship. She always called Sappho her sister. The hanging-gardens were + the latter’s residence in summer, and in her conversations there with + Kassandane and Atossa one name was often mentioned—the name of her, + who had been the innocent cause of events which had decided the destinies + of great kingdoms and noble lives—the Egyptian Princess. + </p> + <p> + <a name="link2HCH0032" id="link2HCH0032"> + <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> + </p> + <div style="height: 4em;"> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </div> + <h2> + CHAPTER XVI. + </h2> + <p> + Here we might end this tale, but that we feel bound to give our readers + some account of the last days of Cambyses. We have already described the + ruin of his mind, but his physical end remains still to be told, and also + the subsequent fate of some of the other characters in our history. + </p> + <p> + A short time after the departure of the queens, news reached Naukratis + that Oroetes, the satrap of Lydia, had, by a stratagem, allured his old + enemy, Polykrates, to Sardis and crucified him there, thus fulfilling what + Amasis had prophecied of the tyrant’s mournful end. This act the satrap + had committed on his own responsibility, events having taken place in the + Median kingdom which threatened the fall of the Achaemenidaean dynasty. + </p> + <p> + The king’s long absence in a foreign country had either weakened or + entirely dissipated, the fear which the mere mention of his name had + formerly inspired in those who felt inclined to rebel. The awe that his + subjects had formerly felt for him, vanished at the tidings of his + madness, and the news that he had wantonly exposed the lives of thousands + of their countrymen to certain death in the deserts of Libya and Ethiopia, + inspired the enraged Asiatics with a hatred which, when skilfully fed by + the powerful Magi, soon roused, first the Medes and Assyrians, and then + the Persians, to defection and open insurrection. Motives of self-interest + led the ambitious high-priest, Oropastes, whom Cambyses had appointed + regent in his absence, to place himself at the head of this movement. He + flattered the people by remitting their taxes, by large gifts and larger + promises, and finding his clemency gratefully recognized, determined on an + imposture, by which he hoped to win the crown of Persia for his own + family. + </p> + <p> + He had not forgotten the marvellous likeness between his brother Gaumata + (who had been condemned to lose his ears) and Bartja, the son of Cyrus, + and on hearing that the latter, the universal favorite, as he well knew, + of the Persian nation, had disappeared, resolved to turn this to account + by passing off his brother as the vanished prince, and setting him on the + throne in place of Cambyses. The hatred felt throughout the entire kingdom + towards their insane king, and the love and attachment of the nation to + Bartja, made this stratagem so easy of accomplishment, that when at last + messengers from Oropastes arrived in all the provinces of the empire + declaring to the discontented citizens that, notwithstanding the rumor + they had heard, the younger son of Cyrus was still alive, had revolted + from his brother, ascended his father’s throne and granted to all his + subjects freedom from tribute and from military service during a period of + three years, the new ruler was acknowledged throughout the kingdom with + rejoicings. + </p> + <p> + The pretended Bartja, who was fully aware of his brother’s mental + superiority, had obeyed his directions in every particular, had taken up + his residence in the palace of Nisaea,—in the plains of Media, + placed the crown on his head, declared the royal harem his own, and had + shown himself once from a distance to the people, who were to recognize in + him the murdered Bartja. After that time, however, for fear of being at + last unmasked, he concealed himself in his palace, giving himself up, + after the manner of Asiatic monarchs, to every kind of indulgence, while + his brother held the sceptre with a firm hand, and conferred all the + important offices of state on his friends and family. + </p> + <p> + No sooner did Oropastes feel firm ground under his feet, than he + despatched the eunuch Ixabates to Egypt, to inform the army of the change + of rulers that had taken place and persuade them to revolt in favor of + Bartja, who he knew had been idolized by the Soldiers. + </p> + <p> + The messenger had been well chosen, fulfilled his mission with much skill, + and had already won over a considerable part of the army for the new king, + when he was taken prisoner by some Syrians, who brought him to Memphis in + hopes of reward. + </p> + <p> + On arriving in the city of the Pyramids he was brought before the king, + and promised impunity on condition of revealing the entire truth. + </p> + <p> + The messenger then confirmed the rumor, which had reached Egypt, that + Bartja had ascended the throne of Cyrus and had been recognized by the + greater part of the empire. + </p> + <p> + Cambyses started with terror at these tidings, as one who saw a dead man + rise from his grave. He was by this time fully aware that Bartja had been + murdered by Prexaspes at his own command, but in this moment he began to + suspect that the envoy had deceived him and spared his brother’s life. The + thought had no sooner entered his mind than he uttered it, reproaching + Prexaspes so bitterly with treachery, as to elicit from him a tremendous + oath, that he had murdered and buried the unfortunate Bartja with his own + hand. + </p> + <p> + Oropastes’ messenger was next asked whether he had seen the new king + himself. He answered that he had not, adding that the supposed brother of + Cambyses had only once appeared in public, and had then shown himself to + the people from a distance. On hearing this, Prexaspes saw through the + whole web of trickery at once, reminded the king of the unhappy + misunderstandings to which the marvellous likeness between Bartja and + Gaumata had formerly given rise, and concluded by offering to stake his + own life on the correctness of his supposition. The explanation pleased + the king, and from that moment his diseased mind was possessed by one new + idea to the exclusion of all others—the seizure and slaughter of the + Magi. + </p> + <p> + The host was ordered to prepare for marching. Aryandes,—one of the + Achaemenidae, was appointed satrap of Egypt, and the army started homeward + without delay. Driven by this new delusion, the king took no rest by day + or night, till at last his over-ridden and ill-used horse fell with him, + and he was severely wounded in the fall by his own dagger. + </p> + <p> + After lying insensible for some days, he opened his eyes and asked first + to see Araspes, then his mother, and lastly Atossa, although these three + had set out on their journey home months before. From all he said it + appeared that during the last four years, from the attack of fever until + the present accident, he had been living in a kind of sleep. He seemed + astonished and pained at hearing what had happened during these years. But + of his brother’s death he was fully aware. He knew that Prexaspes had + killed him by his—the king’s—orders and had told him that + Bartja lay buried on the shores of the Red Sea.—During the night + which followed this return to his senses it became clear to himself also, + that his mind had been wandering for along time. Towards morning he fell + into a deep sleep, and this so restored his strength, that on waking he + called for Croesus and required an exact relation of the events that had + passed during the last few years. + </p> + <p> + His old friend and adviser obeyed; he felt that Cambyses was still + entrusted to his care, and in the hope, faint as it was, of bringing him + back to the right way, he did not suppress one of the king’s acts of + violence in his relation. + </p> + <p> + His joy was therefore great at perceiving, that his words made a deep + impression on the newly-awakened mind of the king. With tears in his eyes, + and with the ashamed look of a child, he grieved over his wrong deeds and + his madness, begged Croesus to forgive him, thanked him for having borne + so long and faithfully with him, and commissioned him to ask Kassandane + and Sappho especially for forgiveness, but also, Atossa and all whom he + had unjustly offended. + </p> + <p> + The old man wept too, but his tears were tears of joy and he repeatedly + assured Cambyses that he would recover and have ample opportunity of + making amends for the past. But to all this Cambyses shook his head + resolutely, and, pale and wan as he looked, begged Croesus to have his + couch carried on to a rising ground in the open air, and then to summon + the Achaemenidae. When these orders, in spite of the physicians, had been + obeyed, Cambyses was raised into an upright sitting position, and began, + in a voice which could be heard at a considerable distance: + </p> + <p> + “The time to reveal my great secret has arrived, O ye Persians. Deceived + by a vision, provoked and annoyed by my brother, I caused him to be + murdered in my wrath. Prexaspes wrought the evil deed by my command, but + instead of bringing me the peace I yearned for, that deed has tortured me + into madness and death. By this my confession ye will be convinced, that + my brother Bartja is really dead. The Magi have usurped the throne of the + Achaemenidae. Oropastes, whom I left in Persia as my vicegerent and his + brother Gaumata, who resembles Bartja so nearly that even Croesus, + Intaphernes and my uncle, the noble Hystaspes, were once deceived by the + likeness, have placed themselves at their head. Woe is me, that I have + murdered him who, as my nearest kinsman, should have avenged on the Magi + this affront to my honor. But I cannot recall him from the dead, and I + therefore appoint you the executors of my last will. By the Feruer of my + dead father, and in the name of all good and pure spirits, I conjure you + not to suffer the government to fall into the hands of the unfaithful + Magi. If they have obtained possession thereof by artifice, wrest it from + their hands in like manner; if by force, use force to win it back. Obey + this my last will, and the earth will yield you its fruits abundantly; + your wives, your flocks and herds shall be blessed and freedom shall be + your portion. Refuse to obey it, and ye shall suffer the corresponding + evils; yea, your end, and that of every Persian shall be even as mine.” + </p> + <p> + After these words the king wept and sank back fainting, on seeing which, + the Achaemenidae rent their clothes and burst into loud lamentations. A + few hours later Cambyses died in Croesus’ arms. Nitetis was his last + thought; he died with her name on his lips and tears of penitence in his + eyes. When the Persians had left the unclean corpse, Croesus knelt down + beside it and cried, raising his hand to heaven: “Great Cyrus, I have kept + my oath. I have remained this miserable man’s faithful adviser even unto + his end.” + </p> + <p> + The next morning the old man betook himself, accompanied by his son Gyges, + to the town of Barene, which belonged to him, and lived there many years + as a father to his subjects, revered by Darius and praised by all his + contemporaries. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ........................ +</pre> + <p> + After Cambyses’ death the heads of the seven Persian tribes held a + council, and resolved, as a first measure, on obtaining certain + information as to the person of the usurper. With this view, Otanes sent a + confidential eunuch to his daughter Phaedime, who, as they knew, had come + into the possession of the new king with the rest of Cambyses’ harem. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The names of the seven conspiring chiefs, given by Herodotus agree + for the most part with those in the cuneiform inscriptions. The + names are: Otanes, Intaphernes, Gobryas, Megabyzus, Aspatines, + Hydarnes and Darius Hystaspis. In the inscription Otana: + Vindafrand, Gaubaruva, Ardumams, Vidarna, Bagabukhsa and Darayavus.] +</pre> + <p> + Before the messenger returned, the greater part of the army had dispersed, + the soldiers seizing this favorable opportunity to return to their homes + and families, after so many years of absence. At last, however, the + long-expected messenger came back and brought for answer, that the new + king had only visited Phaedime once, but that during that visit she had, + at great personal risk, discovered that he had lost both ears. Without + this discovery, however, she could assert positively that though there + were a thousand points of similarity between the usurper and the murdered + Bartja, the former was in reality none other than Gaumata, the brother of + Oropastes. Her old friend Boges had resumed his office of chief of the + eunuchs, and had revealed to her the secrets of the Magi. The high-priest + had met the former keeper of the women begging in the streets of Susa, and + had restored him to his old office with the words: “You have forfeited + your life, but I want men of your stamp.” In conclusion. Phaedime + entreated her father to use every means in his power for the overthrow of + the Magi, as they treated her with the greatest contempt and she was the + most miserable of women. + </p> + <p> + Though none of the Achaemenidae hall really for a moment believed; that + Bartja was alive and had seized on the throne, so clear an account of the + real person of the usurper was very welcome to them, and they resolved at + once to march on Nisaea with the remnant of the army and overthrow the + Magi either by craft or force. + </p> + <p> + They entered the new capital unassailed, and finding that the majority of + the people seemed content with the new government, they also pretended to + acknowledge the king as the son of Cyrus, to whom they were prepared to do + homage. The Magi, however, were not deceived; they shut themselves up in + their palace, assembled an army in the Nisaean plain, promised the + soldiers high pay, and used every effort to strengthen the belief of the + people in Gaumata’s disguise. On this point no one could do them more + injury, or, if he chose, be more useful to them, than Prexaspes. He was + much looked up to by the Persians, and his assurance, that he had not + murdered Bartja, would have been sufficient to tame the fast-spreading + report of the real way in which the youth had met his death. Oropastes, + therefore, sent for Prexaspes, who, since the king’s dying words, had been + avoided by all the men of his own rank and had led the life of an outlaw, + and promised him an immense sum of money, if he would ascend a high tower + and declare to the people, assembled in the court beneath, that + evil-disposed men had called him Bartja’s murderer, whereas he had seen + the new king with his own eyes and had recognized in him the younger son + of his benefactor. Prexaspes made no objection to this proposal, took a + tender leave of his family while the people were being assembled, uttered + a short prayer before the sacred fire-altar and walked proudly to the + palace. On his way thither he met the chiefs of the seven tribes and + seeing that they avoided him, called out to them: “I am worthy of your + contempt, but I will try to deserve your forgiveness.” + </p> + <p> + Seeing Darius look back, he hastened towards him, grasped his hand and + said: “I have loved you like a son; take care of my children when I am no + more, and use your pinions, winged Darius.” Then, with the same proud + demeanor he ascended the tower. + </p> + <p> + Many thousands of the citizens of Nisaea were within reach of his voice, + as he cried aloud: “Ye all know that the kings who have, up to the present + time, loaded you with honor and glory, belonged to the house of the + Achaemenidae. Cyrus governed you like a real father, Cambyses was a stern + master, and Bartja would have guided you like a bridegroom, if I, with + this right hand which I now show you, had not slain him on the shores of + the Red Sea. By Mithras, it was with a bleeding heart that I committed + this wicked deed, but I did it as a faithful servant in obedience to the + king’s command. Nevertheless, it has haunted me by day and night; for four + long years I have been pursued and tormented by the spirits of darkness, + who scare sleep from the murderer’s couch. I have now resolved to end this + painful, despairing existence by a worthy deed, and though even this may + procure me no mercy at the bridge of Chinvat, in the mouths of men, at + least, I shall have redeemed my honorable name from the stain with which I + defiled it. Know then, that the man who gives himself out for the son of + Cyrus, sent me hither; he promised me rich rewards if I would deceive you + by declaring him to be Bartja, the son of the Achaemenidae. But I scorn + his promises and swear by Mithras and the Feruers of the kings, the most + solemn oaths I am acquainted with, that the man who is now ruling you is + none other than the Magian Gaumata, he who was deprived of his ears, the + brother of the king’s vicegerent and high-priest, Oropastes, whom ye all + know. If it be your will to forget all the glory ye owe to the + Achaemenidae, if to this ingratitude ye choose to add your own + degradation, then acknowledge these creatures and call them your kings; + but if ye despise a lie and are ashamed to obey worthless impostors, drive + the Magi from the throne before Mithras has left the heavens, and proclaim + the noblest of the Achaemenidae, Darius, the exalted son of Hystaspes, who + promises to become a second Cyrus, as your king. And now, in order that ye + may believe my words and not suspect that Darius sent me hither to win you + over to his side, I will commit a deed, which must destroy every doubt and + prove that the truth and glory of the Achaemenidae are clearer to me, than + life itself. Blessed be ye if ye follow my counsels, but curses rest upon + you, if ye neglect to reconquer the throne from the Magi and revenge + yourselves upon them.—Behold, I die a true and honorable man!” + </p> + <p> + With these words he ascended the highest pinnacle of the tower and cast + himself down head foremost, thus expiating the one crime of his life by an + honorable death. + </p> + <p> + The dead silence with which the people in the court below had listened to + him, was now broken by shrieks of rage and cries for vengeance. They burst + open the gates of the palace and were pressing in with cries of “Death to + the Magi,” when the seven princes of the Persians appeared in front of the + raging crowd to resist their entrance. + </p> + <p> + At sight of the Achaemenidae the citizens broke into shouts of joy, and + cried more impetuously than ever, “Down with the Magi! Victory to King + Darius!” + </p> + <p> + The son of Hystaspes was then carried by the crowd to a rising ground, + from which he told the people that the Magi had been slain by the + Achaemenidae, as liars and usurpers. Fresh cries of joy arose in answer to + these words, and when at last the bleeding heads of Oropastes and Gaumata + were shown to the crowd, they rushed with horrid yells through the streets + of the city, murdering every Magian they could lay hold of. The darkness + of night alone was able to stop this awful massacre. + </p> + <p> + Four days later, Darius, the son of Hystaspes, was chosen as king by the + heads of the Achaemenidae, in consideration of his high birth and noble + character, and received by the Persian nation with enthusiasm. Darius had + killed Gaumata with his own hand, and the highpriest had received his + death-thrust from the hand of Megabyzus, the father of Zopyrus. While + Prexaspes was haranguing the people, the seven conspiring Persian princes, + Otanes, Intaphernes, Gobryas, Megabyzus, Aspatines, Hydarnes and Darius, + (as representative of his aged father Hystaspes), had entered the palace + by a carelessly-guarded gate, sought out the part of the building occupied + by the Magi, and then, assisted by their own knowledge of the palace, and + the fact that most of the guards had been sent to keep watch over the + crowd assembled to hear Prexaspes easily penetrated to the apartments in + which at that moment they were to be found. Here they were resisted by a + few eunuchs, headed by Boges, but these were overpowered and killed to a + man. Darius became furious on seeing Boges, and killed him at once. + Hearing the dying cries of these eunuchs, the Magi rushed to the spot and + prepared to defend themselves. Oropastes snatched a lance from the fallen + Boges, thrust out one of Intaphernes’ eyes and wounded Aspatines in the + thigh, but was stabbed by Megabyzus. Gaumata fled into another apartment + and tried to bar the door, but was followed too soon by Darius and + Gobryas; the latter seized, threw him, and kept him down by the weight of + his own body, crying to Darius, who was afraid of making a false stroke in + the half-light, and so wounding his companion instead of Gaumata, “Strike + boldly, even if you should stab us both.” Darius obeyed, and fortunately + only hit the Magian. + </p> + <p> + Thus died Oropastes, the high-priest, and his brother Gaumata, better + known under the name of the “pseudo” or “pretended Smerdis.” + </p> + <p> + A few weeks after Darius’ election to the throne, which the people said + had been marvellously influenced by divine miracles and the clever cunning + of a groom, he celebrated his coronation brilliantly at Pasargadae, and + with still more splendor, his marriage with his beloved Atossa. The trials + of her life had ripened her character, and she proved a faithful, beloved + and respected companion to her husband through the whole of that active + and glorious life, which, as Prexaspes had foretold, made him worthy of + the names by which he was afterwards known—Darius the Great, and a + second Cyrus. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Atossa is constantly mentioned as the favorite wife of Darius, and + be appointed her son Xerxes to be his successor, though he had three + elder sons by the daughter of Gobryas. Herodotus (VII. 3.) speaks + with emphasis of the respect and consideration in which Atossa was + held, and Aeschylus, in his Persians, mentions her in her old age, + as the much-revered and noble matron.] +</pre> + <p> + As a general he was circumspect and brave, and at the same time understood + so thoroughly how to divide his enormous realm, and to administer its + affairs, that he must be classed with the greatest organizers of all times + and countries. That his feeble successors were able to keep this Asiatic + Colossus of different countries together for two hundred years after his + death, was entirely owing to Darius. He was liberal of his own, but + sparing of his subjects’ treasures, and made truly royal gifts without + demanding more than was his due. He introduced a regular system of + taxation, in place of the arbitrary exactions practised under Cyrus and + Cambyses, and never allowed himself to be led astray in the carrying out + of what seemed to him right, either by difficulties or by the ridicule of + the Achaemenidae, who nicknamed him the “shopkeeper,” on account of what + seemed, to their exclusively military tastes, his petty financial + measures. It is by no means one of his smallest merits, that he introduced + one system of coinage through his entire empire, and consequently through + half the then known world. + </p> + <p> + Darius respected the religions and customs of other nations. When the + writing of Cyrus, of the existence of which Cambyses had known nothing, + was found in the archives of Ecbatana, he allowed the Jews to carry on the + building of their temple to Jehovah; he also left the Ionian cities free + to govern their own communities independently. Indeed, he would hardly + have sent his army against Greece, if the Athenians had not insulted him. + </p> + <p> + In Egypt he had learnt much; among other things, the art of managing the + exchequer of his kingdom wisely; for this reason he held the Egyptians in + high esteem, and granted them many privileges, amongst others a canal to + connect the Nile with the Red Sea, which was greatly to the advantage of + their commerce. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Traces of this canal can be found as early as the days of Setos I; + his son Rameses II. caused the works to be continued. Under Necho + they were recommenced, and possibly finished by Darius. In the time + of the Ptolemies, at all events, the canal was already completed. + Herod. II. 158. Diod. I. 33. The French, in undertaking to + reconstruct the Suez canal, have had much to encounter from the + unfriendly commercial policy of the English and their influence over + the internal affairs of Egypt, but the unwearied energy and great + talent of Monsr. de Lesseps and the patriotism of the French nation + have at last succeeded in bringing their great work to a successful + close. Whether it will pay is another question. See G. Ebers, Der + Kanal von Suez. Nordische Revue, October 1864. The maritime canal + connecting the Mediterranean with the Red Sea has also been + completed since 1869. We were among those, who attended the + brilliant inauguration ceremonies, and now willingly recall many of + the doubts expressed in our work ‘Durch Gosen zum Sinai’. The + number of ships passing through the canal is constantly increasing.] +</pre> + <p> + During the whole of his reign, Darius endeavored to make amends for the + severity with which Cambyses had treated the Egyptians; even in the later + years of his life he delighted to study the treasures of their wisdom, and + no one was allowed to attack either their religion or customs, as long as + he lived. The old high-priest Neithotep enjoyed the king’s favor to the + last, and Darius often made use of his wise old master’s astrological + knowledge. + </p> + <p> + The goodness and clemency of their new ruler was fully acknowledged by the + Egyptians; they called him a deity, as they had called their own kings, + and yet, in the last years of his reign, their desire for independence led + them to forget gratitude and to try to shake off his gentle yoke, which + was only oppressive because it had originally been forced on them. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The name of Darius occurs very often on the monuments as Ntariusch. + It is most frequently found in the inscriptions on the temple in the + Oasis el-Khargah, recently photographed by G. Rohlfs. The Egypto- + Persian memorial fragments, bearing inscriptions in the hieroglyphic + and cuneiform characters are very interesting. Darius’ name in + Egyptian was generally “Ra, the beloved of Ammon.” On a porcelain + vessel in Florence, and in some papyri in Paris and Florence he is + called by the divine titles of honor given to the Pharaohs.] +</pre> + <p> + Their generous ruler and protector did not live to see the end of this + struggle. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [The first rebellion in Egypt, which broke out under Aryandes, the + satrap appointed by Cambyses, was put down by Darius in person. He + visited Egypt, and promised 100 talents (L22,500.) to any one who + would find a new Apis. Polyaen. VII. ii. 7. No second outbreak + took place until 486 B.C. about 4 years before the death of Darius. + Herod. VI i. Xerxes conquered the rebels two years after his + accession, and appointed his brother Achaemenes satrap of Egypt.] +</pre> + <p> + It was reserved for Xerxes, the successor and son of Darius and Atossa, to + bring back the inhabitants of the Nile valley to a forced and therefore + insecure obedience. + </p> + <p> + Darius left a worthy monument of his greatness in the glorious palace + which he built on Mount Rachmed, the ruins of which are the wonder and + admiration of travellers to this day. Six thousand Egyptian workmen, who + had been sent to Asia by Cambyses, took part in the work and also assisted + in building a tomb for Darius and his successors, the rocky and almost + inaccessible chambers of which have defied the ravages of time, and are + now the resort of innumerable wild pigeons. + </p> + <p> + He caused the history of his deeds to be cut, (in the cuneiform character + and in the Persian, Median and Assyrian languages), on the polished side + of the rock of Bisitun or Behistan, not far from the spot where he saved + Atossa’s life. The Persian part of this inscription can still be + deciphered with certainty, and contains an account of the events related + in the last few chapters, very nearly agreeing with our own and that of + Herodotus. The following sentences occur amongst others: “Thus saith + Darius the King: That which I have done, was done by the grace of + Auramazda in every way. I fought nineteen battles after the rebellion of + the kings. By the mercy of Auramazda I conquered them. I took nine kings + captive. One was a Median, Gaumata by name. He lied and said: ‘I am + Bardiya (Bartja), the son of Cyrus.’ He caused Persia to rebel.” + </p> + <p> + Some distance lower down, he names the chiefs who helped him to dethrone + the Magi, and in another place the inscription has these words: “Thus + saith the King Darius: That which I have done was done in every way by the + grace of Auramazda. Auramazda helped me, and such other gods as there be. + Auramazda and the other gods gave me help, because I was not swift to + anger, nor a liar, nor a violent ruler, neither I nor my kinsmen. I have + shown favor unto him who helped my brethren, and I have punished severely + him who was my enemy. Thou who shalt be king after me, be not merciful + unto him who is a liar or a rebel, but punish him with a severe + punishment. Thus saith Darius the King: Thou who shalt hereafter behold + this tablet which I have written, or these pictures, destroy them not, but + so long as thou shalt live preserve them, &c.” + </p> + <p> + It now only remains to be told that Zopyrus, the son of Megabyzus, + continued to the last the king’s most faithful friend. + </p> + <p> + A courtier once showed the king a pomegranate, and asked him of what one + gift of fortune he would like so many repetitions, as there were seeds in + that fruit. Without a moment’s hesitation Darius answered, “Of my + Zopyrus.”—[Plutarch] + </p> + <p> + The following story will prove that Zopyrus, on his part, well understood + how to return his royal friend’s kindness. After the death of Cambyses, + Babylon revolted from the Persian empire. Darius besieged the city nine + months in vain, and was about to raise the siege, when one day Zopyrus + appeared before him bleeding, and deprived of his ears and nose, and + explained that he had mutilated himself thus in order to cheat the + Babylonians, who knew him well, as he had formerly been on intimate terms + with their daughters. He said he wished to tell the haughty citizens, that + Darius had thus disfigured him, and that he had come to them for help in + revenging himself. He thought they would then place troops at his + disposal, with which he intended to impose upon them by making a few + successful sallies at first. His ultimate intention was to get possession + of the keys, and open the Semiramis gate to his friends. + </p> + <p> + These words, which were spoken in a joking tone, contrasted so sadly with + the mutilated features of his once handsome friend, that Darius wept, and + when at last the almost impregnable fortress was really won by Zopyrus’ + stratagem, he exclaimed: “I would give a hundred Babylons, if my Zopyrus + had not thus mutilated himself.” + </p> + <p> + He then appointed his friend lord of the giant city, gave him its entire + revenues, and honored him every year with the rarest presents. In later + days he used to say that, with the exception of Cyrus, who had no equal, + no man had ever performed so generous a deed as Zopyrus. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [Herod. III. 160. Among other presents Zopyrus received a gold + hand-mill weighing six talents, the most honorable and distinguished + gift a Persian monarch could bestow upon a subject. According to + Ktesias, Megabaezus received this gift from Xerxes.] +</pre> + <p> + Few rulers possessed so many self-sacrificing friends as Darius, because + few understood so well how to be grateful. + </p> + <p> + When Syloson, the brother of the murdered Polykrates, came to Susa and + reminded the king of his former services, Darius received him as a friend, + placed ships and troops at his service, and helped him to recover Samos. + </p> + <p> + The Samians made a desperate resistance, and said, when at last they were + obliged to yield: “Through Syloson we have much room in our land.” + </p> + <p> + Rhodopis lived to hear of the murder of Hipparchus, the tyrant of Athens, + by Harmodius and Aristogiton, and died at last in the arms of her best + friends, Theopompus the Milesian and Kallias the Athenian, firm in her + belief of the high calling of her countrymen. + </p> + <p> + All Naukratis mourned for her, and Kallias sent a messenger to Susa, to + inform the king and Sappho of her death. + </p> + <p> + A few months later the satrap of Egypt received the following letter from + the hand of the king: + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + “Inasmuch as we ourselves knew and honored Rhodopis, the Greek, who + has lately died in Naukratis,—inasmuch as her granddaughter, as + widow of the lawful heir to the Persian throne, enjoys to this day + the rank and honors of a queen,—and lastly, inasmuch as I have + lately taken the great-grandchild of the same Rhodopis, Parmys, the + daughter of Bartja and Sappho, to be my third lawful wife, it seems + to me just to grant royal honors to the ancestress of two queens. I + therefore command thee to cause the ashes of Rhodopis, whom we have + always esteemed as the greatest and rarest among women, to be buried + in the greatest and rarest of all monuments, namely, in one of the + Pyramids. The costly urn, which thou wilt receive herewith, is sent + by Sappho to preserve the ashes of the deceased.” + + Given in the new imperial palace at Persepolis. + + DARIUS, son of Hystaspes. + + King. +</pre> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + ETEXT EDITOR’S BOOKMARKS: + + A kind word hath far more power than an angry one + A first impression is often a final one + A noble mind can never swim with the stream + Abuse not those who have outwitted thee + Age is inquisitive + Apis the progeny of a virgin cow and a moonbeam + Assigned sixty years as the limit of a happy life + At my age every year must be accepted as an undeserved gift + Avoid excessive joy as well as complaining grief + Be not merciful unto him who is a liar or a rebel + Between two stools a man falls to the ground + Blessings go as quickly as they come + Call everything that is beyond your comprehension a miracle + Cambyses had been spoiled from his earliest infancy + Canal to connect the Nile with the Red Sea + Cannot understand how trifles can make me so happy + Cast off all care; be mindful only of pleasure + Confess I would rather provoke a lioness than a woman + Corpse to be torn in pieces by dogs and vultures + Creed which views life as a short pilgrimage to the grave + Curiosity is a woman’s vice + Death is so long and life so short + Devoid of occupation, envy easily becomes hatred + Did the ancients know anything of love + Does happiness consist then in possession + Easy to understand what we like to hear + Eros mocks all human efforts to resist or confine him + Eyes are much more eloquent than all the tongues in the world + Folly to fret over what cannot be undone + For the errors of the wise the remedy is reparation, not regret + Go down into the grave before us (Our children) + Greeks have not the same reverence for truth + Happiness has nothing to do with our outward circumstances + Hast thou a wounded heart? touch it seldom + He who kills a cat is punished (for murder) + He is the best host, who allows his guests the most freedom + He who is to govern well must begin by learning to obey + Human beings hate the man who shows kindness to their enemies + I cannot... Say rather: I will not + I was not swift to anger, nor a liar, nor a violent ruler + In war the fathers live to mourn for their slain sons + In our country it needs more courage to be a coward + In this immense temple man seemed a dwarf in his own eyes + In those days men wept, as well as women + Inn, was to be found about every eighteen miles + Introduced a regular system of taxation-Darius + Know how to honor beauty; and prove it by taking many wives + Lovers delighted in nature then as now + Lovers are the most unteachable of pupils + Misfortune too great for tears + Mosquito-tower with which nearly every house was provided + Multitude who, like the gnats, fly towards every thing brilliant + Natural impulse which moves all old women to favor lovers + Never so clever as when we have to find excuses for our own sins + No man was allowed to ask anything of the gods for himself + Nothing is more dangerous to love, than a comfortable assurance + Nothing is perfectly certain in this world + Numbers are the only certain things + Observe a due proportion in all things + Olympics—The first was fixed 776 B.C. + One must enjoy the time while it is here + Only two remedies for heart-sickness:—hope and patience + Ordered his feet to be washed and his head anointed + Papyrus Ebers + Pilgrimage to the grave, and death as the only true life + Pious axioms to be repeated by the physician, while compounding + Remember, a lie and your death are one and the same + Resistance always brings out a man’s best powers + Robes cut as to leave the right breast uncovered + Romantic love, as we know it, a result of Christianity + Rules of life given by one man to another are useless + Scarcely be able to use so large a sum—Then abuse it + Sent for a second interpreter + Sing their libels on women (Greek Philosophers) + So long as we are able to hope and wish + Take heed lest pride degenerate into vainglory + The past belongs to the dead; only fools count upon the future + The priests are my opponents, my masters + The gods cast envious glances at the happiness of mortals + The beautiful past is all he has to live upon + They praise their butchers more than their benefactors + Those are not my real friends who tell me I am beautiful + Time is clever in the healing art + True host puts an end to the banquet + Unwise to try to make a man happy by force + War is a perversion of nature + We live for life, not for death + We’ve talked a good deal of love with our eyes already + Whatever a man would do himself, he thinks others are capable of + When love has once taken firm hold of a man in riper years + Whether the historical romance is ever justifiable + Wise men hold fast by the ever young present + Ye play with eternity as if it were but a passing moment + Young Greek girls pass their sad childhood in close rooms + Zeus pays no heed to lovers’ oaths +</pre> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + + + +End of Project Gutenberg’s An Egyptian Princess, Complete, by Georg Ebers + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN EGYPTIAN PRINCESS, COMPLETE *** + +***** This file should be named 5460-h.htm or 5460-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/6/5460/ + +Produced by David Widger + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project +Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” + or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project +Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +“Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +“Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right +of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’ WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm’s +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. + +The Foundation’s principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation’s web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + +</pre> + <p> + <br /><br /><br /><br /> + </p> + </body> +</html> |