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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a8c97bc --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #54297 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/54297) diff --git a/old/54297-0.txt b/old/54297-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 18a684f..0000000 --- a/old/54297-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1602 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 19, -November 7, 1840, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 19, November 7, 1840 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: March 8, 2017 [EBook #54297] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, NOV 7, 1840 *** - - - - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - - - - - - - - - - THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL. - - NUMBER 19. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1840. VOLUME I. - -[Illustration: GARRY CASTLE, KING’S COUNTY.] - -Among the many singular characters who figured in Ireland during the -last century, by no means the least remarkable was Thomas Coghlan, or -Mac Coghlan, the last descendant of a long and ancient family, the ruins -of whose fortalice are the subject of the sketch at the head of this -article, at least as they appeared some five or six years ago. This -extraordinary personage may justly be regarded as the last of the Irish -tanistry, as well from his pertinacious adherence to the habits and -maxims of that defunct institution, as from his being until his death -possessed of the princely domains of his race, almost unimpaired by the -many confiscations and revolutions which have swept away so many proud -names from the records of Ireland, thus uniting in himself the influence -of traditional rank, of such magical weight here, with the influence of -territorial possessions, of such magical weight every where. Although for -many years a member of the Irish Parliament, as representative for the -King’s County, the laws which he assisted in making were not at all the -laws which he administered. At home every thing was on the patriarchal -system, in all respects conformable to the laws and regulations of the -Brehons--himself the grand centre of all authority, his will the fountain -of all justice, and his own hand in most cases the administrator of his -judgments. Such being the Mac Coghlan, or “the Maw,” as he was more -generally and rather whimsically designated, it is little wonder that he -should live in the fondest remembrance of a people so deeply attached -to old names and old ways as the Irish all over the King’s County -generally, but particularly in that district of it anciently known as the -Mac Coghlan’s country, now the barony of Garry Castle, so called from -the castle before alluded to, the ruins of which stand beside the road -leading from Birr to Banagher, and about half a mile from the latter town. - -These interesting remains consist of the tall square keep seen in the -accompanying view, and the mouldering walls of some outer buildings, -the entire enclosed in a considerable area, with round towers at the -corners, and entered by a fortified gateway. They seem to be of some -antiquity, this having been the site, at all events, of the house of -the Mac Coghlans from the earliest periods, until the more peaceful -circumstances of the nation permitted them to abandon their narrow and -gloomy security for the beautiful residence of Kilcolgan, an erection -of the seventeenth century, the naked ruins of which now form the chief -feature in the landscape to the traveller by the Grand Canal before he -reaches Gillen. I am not aware that any records exist to furnish a clue -to the history of Garry Castle, nor have I been able to meet any one -able to give me any information about it, beyond the usual tirade about -Oliver Cromwell, who seems doomed to bear on his back the weight of all -the old walls in Ireland. One very old man, who in his youth had been, I -believe, a servant of the Maw, was the only person in fact who seemed to -know more about it than that it was “an ould castle, an’ a great place in -the ould times.” From him I gathered a good many anecdotes of his former -master, of which the following partly bears upon the present subject, and -gives rather a good illustration of a class of persons not unfrequently -met with, who occasionally support most extraordinary pretensions by -methods still more extraordinary, claiming to be proficients in all the -forgotten lore of past ages, and even in their rags hinting at powers, -the possession of which would be rather enviable. The story is an odd -one, but I tell it exactly as I heard it. - -“I had business into Banagher one day when I was a gossoon, and just as -I came to the bill over Garry Castle, I saw a great crowd moving up the -road forninst me. ‘Lord rest the sowl that’s gone,’ says I, crossin’ -myself, for by course I thought it was a corpse goin’ to All Saints’ -churchyard; but when it came nearer, and I saw the Maw in the front with -a whole crowd of gentlemen, some that I knew and more that I didn’t, and -ne’er a corpse at all with them, I made bould to ax Father Madden what -might be the matther. - -‘Why, my boy,’ says he, ‘there’s some gentlemen come all the ways from -Dublin to consther what’s written on the big stone over the hall chimley -in the ould castle beyant, and the rest of us are going to have the laugh -at their ignorance.’ - -‘’Deed, your riv’rince,’ says I, ‘an’ it’s the fine laugh we’ll have in -airnest, for sure the smallest gossoon in the country could tell them -’twas written by the Danes long ago, and that it’s an enchantment.’ - -‘Hould your tongue,’ says he in return; ‘whatever it is, I’ll be bound -it’ll puzzle them, for by the book I’m not able to read it myself.’ - -‘Troth, thin,’ says I, ‘if that be the case, it’s little sense the likes -of them will make out of it.’ - -By this time, sir, we got inside the ould gateway, and as the Maw’s groom -was a cousin of my aunt Peg’s, he let me into the hall with the rest -of the quality. There was the stone, sure enough: a long narrow stone, -all the length of the room, with four lines of writing cut on it, over -the chimley. It was in the part of the ould castle that’s down now. -Well, sir, one ould gentleman--they said he belonged to that college off -there in Dublin--takes his spectacles out of his pocket, an’ he puts -them on his nose, quite grand like, and he looks at the writing. ‘It’s -not English,’ says he, ‘nor is it French,’ says he after a little, ‘nor -Jarman;’ and then he takes another look. ‘It’s not Latin,’ says he, and -the rest of the quality shook their heads very wisely; ‘it’s not Greek,’ -says he, and they shook their heads again; ‘it’s not Hebrew,’ says he, -‘nor Chaldee, nor--pursuin’ to me if I know what it is.’ - -‘Baidershin!’ says Father Madden quietly: an’ with that, sir, you’d think -the vault above our heads ’ud split with the roars of laughing. But the -great scholar didn’t join in it at all, but pulls the spectacles off his -nose, and crams them into his pocket, and looking very big at the priest, -‘I’m thinking it’s Baulderdash, gentlemen,’ says he. - -Well, sir, one after another they all tried their skill on it, and one -after another they all had to acknowledge their ignorance. - -‘By the powers,’ says the priest, ‘by yer talk one ’ud think the -hiryglyphics themselves were a Readin’-med-aisy to ye, an’ here a plain -bit of writin’ puzzles ye.’ - -‘Maybe, Father Madden,’ says the Maw, ‘you’d favour us by consthering it -yerself.’ - -‘No, sir,’ says the priest; ‘my vow won’t let me read magic; but if you’d -wish me to thransport the stone anywhere for you, or do any other little -miracle that way, I’d be most happy to obleedge you.’ - -‘Oh, no,’ says the Maw, ‘we’ll not put you to that trouble; but perhaps -you would come down with us as far as the inn, and have a bit of lunch.’ - -‘With all the pleasure in life, sir,’ says the priest, ‘the rather that -I’d like to be discoorsing these larned gentlemen here;’ but indeed the -larned gentlemen didn’t seem a bit too glad of his company, and small -blame to them sure, for may the heavens be his bed, there wasn’t a -funnier man in the nine counties, or one fonder of followin’ up a joke, -an’ well they knew he wasn’t goin’ to let them down aisy. - -It wasn’t long until we were on the road again, makin’ for the town; an’ -as we were goin’ along, who did we meet but a spalpeen from the county -Galway, that came over as soon as he met us to beg among the quality; an’ -sure enough he was as poor-lookin’ a crathur as ever axed a charity. His -legs were bare, and all blue and brackit with could an’ hardship, an’ -the sorra a skreed of dacint clothin’ he had on him but an ould tattered -breeches an’ a blanket thrown over his shoulders and fastened at the -throat with a big skiver; he had a bag on his back, an’ a mether in one -fist, an’ a boolteen in the other; an’ if he had any more wealth about -him, sure enough it was hid safely. By the discoorse we had one with -another, he soon larned about the big stone, and how it puzzled all the -scholars in the parish, not to say them from Dublin, an’ how the priest -refused to read it because it was magic; and betther nor all, how the Maw -offered five goold guineas to any poor scholar, or the like, that could -explain it. - -‘I’d like to see that stone,’ says the spalpeen. ‘Poor-lookin’ as I am,’ -says he, ‘maybe I could insinse ye into the maining of it.’ - -Well, sir, the words were scarce out of his mouth when Mac Coghlan was -tould of them. ‘What’s that you say, honest man,’ says he; ‘can you -decypher the writing?’ - -‘I’d like to try anyhow, yer honour,’ says the spalpeen, ‘worse than fail -I can’t.’ - -‘Bedad,’ says Father Madden, ‘it ’ud be a pity not to let you; sure if -you say you know nothin’ about it, wiser men nor you had to confess that -same; an’ as for us, why, our time will be as well spent listening to one -dunce as to another.’ - -‘Oh, by all manes,’ says the Maw, ‘we’ll go back and hear what he makes -of it.’ So we all turned back with the spalpeen. - -When he came to the stone, it’s a different kind of look he gave it -entirely from what the quality scholars did; you’d know by the way he -fixed his eye on it at the very first, that it was no saycret to him, an’ -he walked up an’ down from one end of the lines to the other, until he -had them all read. - -‘Now, my man,’ says the Mac Coghlan, ‘if you read it, the reward is -yours,’ an’ he took the five goold guineas out of his purse an’ showed -them to him. - -‘I can read it, yer honour,’ says the spalpeen; ‘but what it says might -be displeasin’ to some of this company, an’ I had betther hould my -tongue.’ - -‘By my word,’ says Mac Coghlan, ‘let who will be offended by it, no part -of the blame shall rest on your shoulders, so speak out, an’ speak true.’ - -‘Well, yer honour,’ says the spalpeen, takin’ courage, ‘what it says is -this, that this castle was built on such a time, an’ that it will stand -whole an’ sound for three hundred years an’ no more; an’ that it’s to be -held by eleven Mac Coghlan heirs, and the eleventh will be the last of -his race.’ - -‘Bad news for the twelfth,’ says Father Madden, ‘to have an ould stone -barrin’ him out of the world that way;’ and with that they all laughed, -all but the Maw, an’ he was as pale as death an’ stupid-like, for the -three hundred years were just run out, an’ he was the eleventh heir; but -in a minute or two he recovered himself and joined in the laugh as well -as the rest. - -‘Well, my man,’ says he at last, ‘you have done what all the learned men -in the land couldn’t do, an’ though the news isn’t the pleasantest, you -must have your reward. Now listen to me: give up your wandering life and -settle here; I’ll give you a house an’ five acres free of rent for ever: -this money will set you up, an’ I promise you that you shall never want -in my time, short as it is to be. Will you take my offer?’ - -‘Why, thin,’ says the spalpeen, ‘many thanks by coorse to yer honour for -makin’ it; but for all the land yer honour has, or one of your name ever -had, I wouldn’t live other than I do: though I’m here now, ’tis many -a mile from where I slept last night, or maybe from where I’ll sleep -to-night. Goold or silver avails me little, or if they did, maybe I could -tell where to find what ’ud buy Galway ten times over.’ - -‘Bedad, honest man,’ says Father Madden, ‘if you know so much as all -that, it ’ud be a great charity entirely for you to stop awhile an’ open -school here; I’ll be bound you’ll have a fine lot of scholars, an’ I -don’t say but myself ’ud be among the number.’ - -‘Troth there’s many a man ’ud like to have my knowledge, I have no -doubt,’ says the spalpeen; ‘but I’m thinkin’ there’s few here or -elsewhere ’ud like to learn in the school where I got it.’ - -‘Lord save us!’ says the priest; ‘you didn’t sell yourself to the ould -boy for it, did you, you nasty brute?’ - -‘I bought it with the past an’ not with the future,’ says the spalpeen; -‘an’ what ye saw of it is nothing to what I could show if I had a mind: -the blessin’ of the poor be with your honour, if it be any use to you, -an’ it’s wishin’ I am that I had a luckier story to tell you,’ and he -turned to go away. - -‘Well, my good fellow,’ says the Maw, ‘any how you’re not goin’ to quit -so soon. Neither gentle nor simple passes this road without eating with -the Mac Coghlan, an’ you must follow the rule as well as another: stay -as long as you like, an’ go when you like; an’ I give you my word you -shall have the best of tratement, an’ no one shall bother you with any -questions you don’t like.’ - -‘Yer honour,’ says the spalpeen, ‘I’m not a young man, an’ yet my head -was never this many a night twice on the same pillow, an’ you’d be a long -day findin’ out the spot that in that time I hav’n’t visited.’ - -‘Maybe you’re the Wanderin’ Jew,’ exclaimed Father Madden. - -‘Jew or Gentile,’ says the spalpeen, ‘a wanderer I am, an’ a wanderer I -must be; an’ now good bye to ye all, an’ God bless ye;’ and with that -away he walked, an’ the never a sight of him did any one in Banagher lay -his eyes on since. Some said he was this and some said he was that, and -more said he was a sperrit; but what do ye think but the great scholars -from Dublin, to hide their ignorance, gave out that he was somebody that -Father Madden tuthored for the purpose to make little of thim an’ their -larnin’, and have the laugh against thim.’ - -Next morning when all the counthry went out of curiosity to see the big -stone, they found it torn down an’ carried off, for Mac Coghlan got it -taken down in the night an’ buried somewhere; but, any how, it tould -nothin’ but the truth, for in a few years afther, the castle fell with -the frost, an’ not long afther that Mac Coghlan died; an’ sure you know -yourself that he was the last of his name.” - - A. M’C. - -We should be grateful to any of our correspondents who would favour us -with a biographical sketch of the last Mac Coghlan, of whom so many -stories are still related by the peasantry of the King’s County, and of -whom the following sketch is given in Mr Brewer’s Beauties of Ireland: it -is from the pen of the late Chevalier Colonel de Montmorency. - - P. - -“Thomas Coghlan, Esq.--or, in attention to local phraseology, ‘the Maw’ -[that is, Mac], for he was not known or addressed in his own domain by -any other appellation--was a remarkably handsome man; gallant, eccentric; -proud, satirical; hospitable in the extreme, and of expensive habits. In -disdain of modern times he adhered to the national customs of Ireland, -and the modes of living practised by his ancestors. His house was ever -open to strangers. His tenants held their lands at will, and paid -their rents, according to the ancient fashion, partly in kind, and the -remainder in money. ‘The Maw’ levied the fines of mortmain when a vassal -died. He became heir to the defunct farmer; and no law was admissible, -or practised, within the precincts of Mac Coghlan’s domain, but such as -savoured of the Brehon code. It must be observed, however, that, most -commonly, ‘the Maw’s’ commands, enforced by the impressive application -of his horse-whip, instantly decided a litigated point! From this brief -outline it might be supposed that we were talking of Ireland early in the -seventeenth century, but Mr Coghlan died not longer back than about the -year 1790. With him perished the rude grandeur of his long-drawn line. He -died without issue, and destitute of any legitimate male representative -to inherit his name, although most of his followers were of the sept of -the Coghlans, none of whom, however, were strictly qualified, or were -suffered by ‘the Maw,’ to use the Mac, or to claim any relationship with -himself. His great estate passed at his decease to the son of his sister, -the late Right Hon. Denis Bowes Daly, of Daly’s-town, county of Galway, -who likewise had no children, and who, shortly before his death in 1821, -sold the Mac Coghlan estate to divers persons, the chief purchaser being -Thomas Bernard, Esq. M. P., in whom the larger proportion of the property -is now vested.” - - - - -THE ROYAL FAMILY OF STATEN-ISLAND. - - -It has long been the general belief that the gipsy race, which is found -every where else, has never yet penetrated into America; but the opinion -is erroneous. There is a family on Staten-Island whose history and habits -prove their Zingaro descent, despite the counter evidence of their white -skins, patches of which may be seen through the rents of their tatters, -like intervals of blue sky in a clouded empyrean. - -The patriarch of the horde was in his lifetime reputed an Englishman, -although upon this point no intelligence exists in any parish register or -book of heraldry--a matter the less to be regretted that his birth is not -likely to be disputed by rival nations or cities. All that is certainly -known of him is, that he made his appearance on the island about forty -years ago, an incarnation of laziness and pauperism, accompanied by a -biped of the feminine gender, whom, as God made her, we are content -to call a woman: they evinced no desire to hold fellowship with their -kind, but immediately plunged into the woods, where they pertinaciously -hid whatever talents and merits they possessed. Probably the world -used them ill, and like Timon they had left it in disgust. They built -themselves a hut of brushwood, and lived, unknowing and unknown, upon -the wild products of the soil and the sea-shore, the world forgetting -and the world forgot. No one was favoured with any notice of their -former history; they wrought not for hire, nor did they seek to render -themselves in the slightest degree useful to their fellow-creatures. They -were satisfied with a bare, mysterious existence, the objects of wonder -and pity; and only proved themselves human by increasing the population -of Staten-Land with ten sons and daughters. - -In time the he-patriarch died, and his fame died with him; but not till -he had so indoctrinated his hopeful family, that they have ever since -followed his praiseworthy example. A short time since we paid these -Children of the Mist a visit at their residence, profiting by one of a -thousand changes of abode which brought them within an easy walk of the -Quarantine-Ground. Others may seek objects of interest abroad; we are -content with what may be found near home; and in this singular family -we found a happy practical illustration of the Golden Age, which poets -so much regret, and agrarian politicians so devoutly hope and expect -to restore. By the margin of a stagnant swamp, rife with malaria and -intermittent fever, embosomed in thick woods, stood a pen of rough -boards, obtained heaven knows how, about ten feet square, into which -about fifty specimens of animal life, human and canine, were crowded. -The den was roofed over, and refused entrance to the sun, but was by no -means so inhospitable to the rain. The four winds of heaven sought and -found free ingress and egress through the chinks; the floor was not; -and altogether we have seen much better appointed pig-styes. We first -discovered our proximity to this Temple of the Winds by the greeting of a -herd of sorry curs, who made a great noise, but retreated snarling, and -with averted tails, at the first exhibition of a stone or a stick, as the -dogs of the aborigines are wont to do. A shrill, cracked, but clear voice -from within, uplifted in energetic objurgation, stilled the clamour, and -we entered upon a scene that beggars and defies description. We had seen -poverty before, but had never an adequate conception of its extreme until -now. - -A bundle of rags, endowed with suspicious and alarming powers of -locomotion, advanced to do the honours of the mansion. An unearthly -squeak, that would have driven a parrot of any ear distracted, proclaimed -that the thing was human; and after close inspection we made out a set -of features which we could only have supposed to belong to Calvin Edson -or the Witch of Endor. The head surmounted a withered atomy, from which -every muscular fibre seemed to have dried away. There was nothing left -for Decay to prey upon: a particle more of waste, and the fabric must -have evaporated, or been scattered with the first puff, like a pinch of -snuff. This was the worthy mother of the brood. Age could not make her -head whiter. She must have been more than a century old, and yet hearing, -vision, speech, every faculty, was unimpaired, and she was as brisk as -any of the horde. According to all appearances, Time had lost all power -over her, and she may yet live longer than the everlasting pyramids. -Fancy a mummy stalking from its case, and you have some idea of this -spectral apparition. - -Around the den were arranged without arrangement four rude bedsteads, -guiltless then and for ever of beds, or any succedaneum therefor; those -being unnecessary and enervating luxuries, in the opinion of the -inmates. Not one of these was born in a bed, or had ever pressed one, and -why should they not do as they had ever done? The only purpose of the -frames seemed to be to keep them from dying on the bare earth. The whole -score and a half of humanities might have possessed some four or five -threadbare and tattered blankets, such a stock of clothing as might have -furnished forth one respectable scarecrow, and perhaps half a shirt among -them; but of the latter item we are somewhat uncertain, as we considered -any particular scrutiny especially indelicate. The hut was literally full -of trumpery, the use of most of which it were difficult even to guess. -The following, as nearly as memory serves us, is a correct inventory:-- - -An old worn-out saddle; three steel-traps; fifteen dogs, bitches, and -puppies; about a crate full of damaged crockery and pottery; an iron pot, -without a bale or cover, and two legs off; a tin kettle, with three holes -in the bottom; a fish-spear, an axe, a dozen fishing-rods and tackle; as -many rags as would set up a paper mill; about a peck of clams, a damaged -bucket, and a great variety of other things nameless ans indescribable. - -These true philosophers all appeared to enjoy the most robust health, -with one exception, who was shaking with a paroxysm of ague on one of the -frames before mentioned. The men were stout, hearty fellows, who might -do their country good service at the tail of a plough or the end of a -musket; but their ambition does not soar so high. They literally take no -thought for to-morrow, though they very well know what a day must bring -forth. They justly consider themselves - - ----“out of Fortune’s power; - He that is down can fall no lower.” - -Once in a great while they may be persuaded to perform a day’s labour, -but these are rare and painful occasions, always followed by regret and -repentance; and when their immediate wants are supplied, they return to -the luxurious and indolent repose, which is their second nature, and -which they enjoy in a perfection only appreciable by the Neapolitan -lazzaroni. When they have thus been compelled to pass a night under a -roof, it has been remarked that no human logic can persuade one of them -to submit to the abhorred contact of soap and water, or to sleep in a -bed, suppose any person could be found willing so to accommodate them. -They own no boats, and they neither hire nor borrow them. Such property -requires care and trouble, and rowing is laborious. A cow was once the -apex of their ambition; but hunger knocks often at their door, and was -fatal to poor Brindle. They are not rich enough to buy a gun. The conies, -partridges, snapping-tortoises, frogs, squirrels, and such small deer, -are their flocks and herds, and the earth produces wild artichokes and -other esculent roots. As for their religion, they believe in beef and -bread, and go to church, like parasitical insects, as often as they -are carried. They believe that the earth is flat, and that the city of -New York and the Narrows are its limits. To be hung up in a cage in -the sunshine, with licence to scratch themselves, and to be well fed, -constitutes their notion of heaven; and the county alms-house, where -able-bodied people are constrained to work, is the purgatory of their -imagination, or something worse. They think it is better to sleep than -to be awake, to lie than to sit, to sit than to stand, to stand than to -walk, and to walk than to run. Dancing is to them an incomprehensible -abomination. They own no lord, they heed no law. They have nothing, -and they want nothing. To cold, heat, rain, &c., they are perfectly -indifferent, and their only known evil is pain, which comes to them only -in the shape of hunger and intermittent fever. Nerves and delicacy they -never heard of. Thus have they ever lived, and thus they will die. - -The women at the time of our visit differed from the men only in attire, -a superior volubility, a natural, rough-hewn coquetry, and the possession -of certain brass trinkets, faded ribbons, and other fantastic fineries. -None of them were either young or handsome enough to mark them as the -victims of man’s villany. The smaller fry about their wretched cabin -attest that they have not in the least neglected the first command of -God to man, though no priest or preacher can say that he has received a -wedding fee on account of either of them. Their usual employment is to -loll upon fences and gather berries, and they are also said to be skilful -in roots and herbs. Some of them sometimes go to service for a time; but -they soon return to their lair, like a sow to her wallowing in the mire. -The alms-house has also afforded them an asylum in cases of emergency, -but they invariably escape from it as soon as there is any work to be -done. They toil not, neither do they spin; and assuredly Solomon, with -all his wisdom, never dreamed of such a thing as one of these! - -Many have asked, as we did, and many more will ask, “How do these people -live?” Ask Him who feeds the ravens, for no one else can answer. That -they do not work, is certain; that they neither beg nor steal, is to -be inferred from the fact that their fellow Staten-landers have never -accused them, and that they have never undergone the rebuke of the law. -They are as harmless and inoffensive as they are useless. They are -proverbially good-natured and honest; they do not get drunk, or abuse -tobacco; for although some of them have a relish for these luxuries, it -would cost too much trouble to earn the price of them. Otherwise, they -are the very Yahoos of Gulliver. - -Some philosophers have taught that content is the grand desideratum, the -greatest good of earthly felicity. The contentment of savages and of -negro slaves is brought to support their position. It is true that these -are happy under their painful and degrading yoke; but what of that? Simon -Stylites was no doubt happy on his pillow of torment: an ox, on the same -principle, and for the same reason, is happier still, and the life of an -oyster is bliss superlative. “The royal family of Staten-Island” are an -example before our eyes to show how closely contentment may be allied -with the extremes of degradation.--_From the Knickerbocker._ - - - - -THE BLIND BOY. - - - Oh, mother, is it spring once more-- - The same bright laughing spring - That used to come in days of yore - With glad and welcome wing? - - And is the infant primrose born, - And peerless daisy child - Beneath the bowed and budding thorn, - All beautiful and wild? - - And does the sky break out as blue - Between the April show’rs, - And smilingly impart its hue - To her young vi’let flow’rs? - - And is the sun, the blessed sun, - As dazzling in his might, - As glorious now to look upon, - As when _I_ loved his light? - - As when, with clear and happy eye, - Beneath that light I strayed, - Or in the noonday brilliancy - Sought out some cooling shade? - - And when the spring flow’rs drop away, - Will summer days come fast, - All rich with bloom--oh, mother, say!-- - As when I saw them last? - - Will merry children gambol o’er - The meads, or by the brooks-- - Seek out the wild bee’s honey store - In some deep grassy nook? - - Or where the sparkling waters flow - Go wand’ring far away, - To cull the tallest reeds that grow, - And weave them all the day? - - And will they climb the tall old trees, - And at the topmost height - Find birds of beauty, such as these - That charm my long, long night? - - Or ranging o’er the wild morass - Pluck the fair bog-down’s head? - Or o’er the long and slender grass - String berries ripe and red? - - They will!--but I shall not be there: - For me, oh! never more - Shall spring put forth her blossoms fair, - Or summer shed her store! - - Yet think not, mother, if I weep, - ’Tis for the seasons’ gleam; - Or if I gladden in my sleep, - ’Tis of such things I dream. - - No, mother, no?--’tis that thy cheek, - Thy smile of tender joy, - Thine eye of light, that used to speak - Such fondness to thy boy-- - - It is the thought that that dear face-- - Oh, bitter, bitter pain!-- - Is blotted out through time and space - For ever from my brain! - - My mother, darling, lay my head - Upon thy own lov’d breast, - And let thy voice low music shed - To lull thy child to rest; - - And press thy soft and dewy kiss - Upon his beating brow, - And let him feel, or fancy bliss-- - ’Tis all that’s left him now. - - What though the noonday’s sunny prime - Can yield unnumbered charms, - Give me the silent midnight time - That lays me in _thy_ arms. - - For there I dream of joy and light, - The things I once could prize, - Ere darkness threw its dreary blight - Upon my glad young eyes. - - And in the same bright dreamy thought, - I gaze upon once more - My mother’s face, with feeling fraught - E’en deeper than of yore. - - Yet do not weep, my mother dear, - Thy love is more than light-- - Thy soothing hand, thy tender tear, - More blessed e’en than sight! - - And while that hand is clasped in mine, - My fault’ring steps to guide, - I will not murmur or repine, - Or grieve for aught beside. - - But, mother, when I soar away, - From life’s drear darkness free, - Oh! shall I not through heaven’s long day - Live gazing upon thee! - - W. C. L. - - - - -THE REAL “TEMPERANCE CORDIAL.” - -BY MRS S. C. HALL. - - -“Well,” said Andrew Furlong to James Lacey, “well! that ginger cordial, -of all the things I ever tasted, is the nicest and warmest. It’s -beautiful stuff; and so cheap.” - -“What good does it do ye, Andrew? and what want have you of it?” inquired -James Lacey. - -“What good does it do me!” repeated Andrew, rubbing his forehead in a -manner that showed he was perplexed by the question; “why, no great good, -to be sure; and I can’t say I’ve any want of it; for since I became a -member of the ‘Total Abstinence Society,’ I’ve lost the megrim in my head -and the weakness I used to have about my heart. I’m as strong and hearty -in myself as any one can be, God be praised! And sure, James, neither of -us could turn out in such a coat as _this_, this time twelvemonth.” - -“And that’s true,” replied James; “but we must remember that if leaving -off whisky enables us to show a good habit, taking to ‘ginger cordial,’ -or any thing of that kind, will soon wear a hole in it.” - -“You are always fond of your fun.” replied Andrew. “How can you prove -that?” - -“Easy enough,” said James. “Intoxication was the worst part of a -whisky-drinking habit; but it was not the only bad part. It spent TIME, -and it spent what well-managed time always gives, MONEY. Now, though they -do say--mind, I’m not quite _sure_ about it, for they _may_ put things -in it they don’t own to, and your eyes look brighter, and your cheek -more flushed than if you had been drinking nothing stronger than milk or -water--but they _do_ say that ginger cordials, and all kinds of cordials, -do not intoxicate. I will grant this; but you cannot deny that they waste -both time and money.” - -“Oh, bother!” exclaimed Andrew. “I only went with two or three other boys -to have a glass, and I don’t think we spent more than half an hour--_not_ -three quarters, certainly; and there’s no great harm in laying out a -penny or twopence that way, now and again.” - -“_Half_ an hour even, breaks a day,” said James, “and what is worse, -it unsettles the mind for work; and we ought to be very careful of any -return to the _old habit_, that has destroyed many of us, body and soul, -and made the name of an Irishman a by-word and a reproach, instead of -a glory and an honour. A penny, Andrew, _breaks the silver shilling -into coppers_; and twopence will buy half a stone of potatoes--that’s a -consideration. If we don’t manage to keep things comfortable at home, the -women won’t have the heart to mend the coat. Not,” added James with a sly -smile, “that I can deny having taken to TEMPERANCE CORDIALS myself.” - -“You!” shouted Andrew, “_you_, and a pretty fellow you are to be blaming -me, and then forced to confess you have taken to them yourself. But I -suppose they’ll wear no hole in _your_ coat? Oh, to be sure not, _you_ -are such a good manager!” - -“Indeed,” answered James, “I _was_ anything but a good manager eighteen -months ago: as you well know, I was in rags, never at my work of a -Monday, and seldom on Tuesday. My poor wife, my gentle patient Mary, -often bore hard words; and though she will not own it, I fear still -harder blows, when I had driven away my senses. My children were pale, -half-starved, naked creatures, disputing a potato with the pig my wife -tried to keep to pay the rent, well knowing I would never do it. Now----” - -“But the cordial, my boy!” interrupted Andrew, “the cordial!--sure I -believe every word of what you’ve been telling me is as true as gospel; -ain’t there hundreds, ay, thousands, at this moment on Ireland’s blessed -ground, that can tell the same story. But the cordial! and to think of -your never owning it before: is it ginger, or anniseed, or peppermint?” - -“None of these--and yet it’s the _rale_ thing, my boy.” - -“Well, then,” persisted Andrew, “let’s have a drop of it; you’re -not going, I’m sure, to drink by yerself--_and as I’ve broke the -afternoon_”---- - -A very heavy shadow passed over James’s face, for he saw that there -must have been something hotter than even ginger in the “_temperance_ -cordial,” as it is falsely called, that Andrew had taken, or else he -would have endeavoured to redeem lost time, not to waste more; and he -thought how much better the REAL temperance cordial was, that, instead of -exciting the brain, only warms the heart. - -“No,” he replied after a pause, “I must go and finish what I was about; -but this evening at seven o’clock meet me at the end of our lane, and -then I’ll be very happy of your company.” - -Andrew was sorely puzzled to discover what James’s cordial could be, and -was forced to confess to himself that he hoped it would be different -from what he had taken that afternoon, which certainly had made him feel -confused and inactive. - -At the appointed hour the friends met in the lane. - -“Which way do we go?” inquired Andrew. - -“Home,” was James’s brief reply. - -“Oh, you _take_ it at home?” said Andrew. - -“I _make_ it at home,” answered James. - -“Well,” observed Andrew, “that’s very good of the woman _that owns ye_. -Now, mine takes on so about a drop of any thing, that she’s as hard -almost on the cordials as she used to be on the whisky.” - -“My Mary helps to make mine,” observed James. - -“And do you bottle it or keep it on draught?” inquired Andrew, very much -interested in the “cordial” question. - -James laughed very heartily at this, and answered, - -“Oh, I keep mine on draught--always on draught; there’s nothing like -having plenty of a good thing, so I keep mine always on draught;” and -then James laughed again, and so heartily, that Andrew thought surely -_his_ real temperance cordial must contain something quite as strong as -what he had blamed him for taking. - -James’s cottage door was open, and as they approached it they saw a good -deal of what was going forward within. A square table, placed in the -centre of the little kitchen, was covered by a clean white cloth--knives, -forks, and plates for the whole family, were ranged upon it in excellent -order; the hearth had been swept, the house was clean, the children -rosy, well dressed, and all doing something. “Mary,” whom her husband -had characterised as “the patient,” was busy and bustling, in the very -act of adding to the coffee, which was steaming on the table, the -substantial accompaniments of fried eggs and bacon, with a large dish -of potatoes. When the children saw their father, they ran to meet him -with a great shout, and clung around to tell him all they had done that -day. The eldest girl declared she had achieved the heel of a stocking; -one boy wanted his father to come and see how straight he had planted -the cabbages; while another avowed his proficiency in addition, and -volunteered to do a sum instanter upon a slate which he had just cleaned. -Happiness in a cottage seems always more real than it does in a gorgeous -palace. It is not wasted in large rooms--it is concentrated--a great -deal of love in a small space--a great, _great_ deal of joy and hope -within narrow walls, and compressed, as it were, by a low roof. Is it -not a blessed thing that the most moderate means become enlarged by the -affections?--that the love of a peasant within his sphere, is as deep, as -fervent, as true, as lasting, as sweet, as the love of a prince?--that -all our best and purest affections will grow and expand in the poorest -_worldly_ soil?--and that we need not be rich to be happy? James felt all -this and more when he entered his cottage, and was thankful to God who -had opened his eyes, and taught him what a number of this world’s gifts, -that were within even his humble reach, might be enjoyed without sin. -He stood--a poor but happy father within the sacred temple of his home; -and Andrew had the warm heart of an Irishman beating in his bosom, and -consequently shared his joy. - -“I told you,” said James, “I had the _true temperance cordial_ at -home--do you not see it in the simple prosperity by which, owing to the -blessings of temperance, I am surrounded?--do you not see it in the -rosy cheeks of my children, in the smiling eyes of my wife--did I not -tell truly that she helped to make it? Is not this a true cordial,” -he continued, while his own eyes glistened with manly tears, “is not -the prosperity of this cottage a _true temperance cordial_?--and is -it not _always on draught_, flowing from an ever-filling fountain? Am -I not right, Andrew; and will you not forthwith take my receipt, and -make it for yourself? You will never wish for any other: it is warmer -than ginger, and sweeter than anniseed. I am sure you will agree with -me that a loving wife, in the enjoyment of the humble comforts which -an industrious _sober_ husband can bestow, smiling, healthy, well-clad -children, and a clean cabin, where the fear of God banishes all other -fears, make - - THE TRUE TEMPERANCE CORDIAL!” - - - - -THE SAP IN VEGETABLES. - -FIRST ARTICLE. - - -Botanists describe two kinds of vegetable sap; the one is called the -ascending or unelaborated sap, the other the descending or elaborated -sap. If a young branch be cut across in the spring season, the newly -exposed surfaces will be found rapidly to cover themselves with a dew, -especially that portion which is continuous with the trunk--this moisture -is the ascending sap: while if during the summer or autumn a piece of -twine be tightly drawn and knotted round a young branch of lilac, the -part above this ligature will shortly become swollen, and will bulge out -on every side, in consequence of an impediment having been thus presented -to the downward flow of the descending sap, which will be therefore -forced to accumulate in the situation described. The reader may perceive -that the origin from whence these two kinds of sap are derived, their -chemical composition, the part of the vegetable through which they pass, -the causes which produce the ascent of one and the descent of the other, -together with the uses of both in the vegetable economy, are questions of -great interest, as well to the farmer as the horticulturist. - -The source from whence the ascending sap is derived is the aliment -absorbed by the roots from the soil. This aliment consists essentially of -two substances; one of these being sufficiently familiar, namely, water; -and the other commonly existing in the atmosphere under the form of gas -or air, but likewise capable of solution in water, namely, carbonic acid; -this substance is known to every one as the cause, by its escape, of -the boiling appearance seen in freshly uncorked soda water. Those two -substances constitute the necessary aliment of vegetables: at the same -time it is notorious that various matters, such as manures, earths, &c., -greatly facilitate the growth of plants; but these matters produce this -effect either by supplying a greater quantity of carbonic acid, or by -acting in a manner similar to condiments; for in the same way as spices -taken into the stomach along with food invigorate the digestive power, so -do many minerals, when absorbed by the roots, operate in promoting the -nutrition of vegetables. - -The chemical composition of the ascending sap is chiefly a solution of -sugar and gum in water. In the northern states of America, sugar in -large quantities is obtained from some species of maple, principally the -sugar maple and swamp maple of Canada, by boring the stem, collecting -the ascending sap which flows from the wound, and evaporating away its -watery portions. It is an interesting question, from whence proceed the -sugar and gum contained in this ascending sap? The only satisfactory -reply to this question is, that these substances become formed out -of the water and carbonic acid absorbed from the soil; but this is a -transformation which cannot be effected by the most expert chemist, so -that we find in this, as in many other instances, a living body is a -laboratory in which Nature executes changes far transcending the loftiest -efforts of man’s ingenuity. - -The part of the vegetable through which the sap ascends can be easily -shown in any of the ordinary trees of this country. If a branch from a -currant shrub be placed with its inferior and newly cut surface immersed -at first in a solution of green vitriol and afterwards in an infusion of -nutgalls, the course through which these fluids ascend may be traced by -the black colour produced by their mixture; for every one knows that a -mixture of green vitriol and nutgalls produces ink, and in the experiment -just described, the solutions of these substances following each other -in their ascent, inscribe in a manner on the interior of the branch the -path which they successively pursued. This course will be found to exist -between the bark and the pith, these parts being quite unchanged, while -the intermediate portion of wood will be deeply coloured. - -The causes which produce the ascent of the sap are of a very powerful -nature. The celebrated Hales ascertained that a vine branch, in a few -days, sucked up water with a force equal to the weight of sixteen pounds -on the square inch: this was a power greater than atmospheric pressure; -and when it is recollected that the pressure of the atmosphere is capable -of lifting thirty-three or thirty-four feet of water in a common pump, -some estimate may be formed of the force with which the sap ascends. This -ascent appears to be produced by the influence of two causes: the one, -a quality peculiar to living beings, by which the buds in common with -all growing organs are capable of attracting or sucking towards them the -juices necessary for their nutrition; and in agreement with this, the -sap is found to ascend in the first instance near the buds: the other, a -general property of all matter which has been but lately discovered. This -latter property, which has been called endosmose, is found to operate -when two fluids of different densities are separated by a membrane. -Under these circumstances, and in obedience to an attraction for each -other, both fluids pass through the membrane, and mix together; but the -denser and thicker fluid finding a greater difficulty to penetrate the -membrane than the lighter and thinner, consequently passes through in -less quantity. To illustrate this, let us suppose a bladder containing -a little syrup, and placed in a vessel of water, and we will have the -conditions necessary for endosmose: the syrup and water will both pass -through the bladder in opposite directions, but a greater quantity of -water will pass into the syrup, than of the latter into the water. It -will be evident to the reader that this excess of thin liquid passing -into the denser will constitute a force or power which will require -an equal force to neutralise it; and it has been ascertained that the -tendency of water to penetrate a membrane for the purpose of mixing with -a syrup of once and a third its own specific weight, required a force -equal to sixty-three pounds on the square inch to overcome it. Now, a -plant growing in the ground is similarly circumstanced to the bladder -in this experiment: its roots furnished with extremities of spongy -membrane are interposed between thin water and carbonic acid externally, -and a syrupy solution of sugar and gum internally. Now, under those -circumstances we need not be surprised if an endosmose should operate, -abundantly sufficient to elevate the sap with a force even greater than -that determined by Hales. - -The use of the ascending sap in the vegetable economy is the last subject -which we shall consider in this article. On a future occasion we shall -endeavour to show that it is out of the ascending sap that the descending -or elaborated sap is chiefly formed; but besides this utility of the -ascending sap, as the source of the descending sap, the former has -special functions of its own to perform. If we inquire what period of -the year is the ascending sap in greatest quantity, we shall find it to -be during the spring season. Now, this is the time when the buds become -pushed out into branches, and the young leaves peep forth: the roots also -during this season increase in thickness. Another means which we possess -of ascertaining the uses of this sap, is by protecting plants from the -influence of light: in total darkness no elaborated sap is ever formed; -therefore, whatever vegetation may then take place, must be solely at the -expense of the ascending sap. Under such circumstances the plant becomes -very succulent, its stems grow to a great length, no vegetable fibre can -be detected in its substance, its colour is blanched, it possesses no -bitter or aromatic properties, and it does not develope flowers. Potatoes -growing in a dark cellar, or celery protected from the light, by earth -heaped around its foot-stalks, will afford familiar examples. These -considerations lead us to the belief that out of the ascending sap is -formed the fleshy part of vegetables, which, by its production, increases -the length of the stem, and the thickness of the roots. In our next -article we will describe the most remarkable properties of the ascending -sap. - - T. A. - - - - -MEN OF GENIUS. - - -Have any of our friends any persons of this description amongst the -young men of their acquaintance? We think they must, for they are very -plentiful: they are to be found every where. We ourselves know somewhere -about half a dozen of one kind or other; and it is of these different -kinds we purpose here to speak. - -Before doing this, however, let us remark, that the sort of geniuses to -whom we allude are to be found amongst young men only: for, generally -speaking, it is only while men _are_ young that they are subject to the -delusion of supposing themselves geniuses. As they advance in life, -they begin to suspect that there has been some mistake in the matter. A -few years more, and they become convinced of it; when, wisely dropping -all pretensions to the character, they step quietly back into the ranks -amongst their fellows. - -It is true that some old fools, especially amongst the poetical tribe, -continue to cling to the unhappy belief of their being gifted, and go on -writing maudlin rhymes to the end of the chapter. But most men become in -time alive to the real state of the case, and, willingly resigning the -gift of genius, are thankful to find that they have common sense. - -While under the hallucination alluded to, however, the sort of geniuses -of whom we speak are rather amusing subjects of study. We have known -a great many of them in our day, and have found that they resolve -themselves into distinct classes, such classes being formed by certain -differing characteristics and pretensions: the individuals of each class, -however, presenting in their peculiarities a striking resemblance to each -other. - -First comes, at any rate in such order shall we take them, the Poetical -Genius. This is a poor, bleached-faced thing, with a simpering, -self-satisfied countenance, an effeminate air and manner, and of -insufferable conceit. It is an insolent creature too, for it treats -you and everybody with the most profound contempt. Its calm, confident -smirk, and lack-a-daisical look, are amongst the most provoking things in -nature, and always inspire you with a violent desire to kick it out of -your presence. - -The poetical genius is by far the most useless of the whole tribe of -geniuses. Wrapt up in his misty, maudlin dreams of cerulean heavens, and -daisied meads, and purling rills, he is totally unfitted for the ordinary -business of ordinary life. He is besides not unfrequently a little -deranged in his upper works. Having heard, or having of himself imbibed -a notion, that madness and genius are allied, he, although of perfectly -sane mind originally, takes to raving, to staring wildly about him, and -to practising various of the other extravagances of insanity, till he -becomes actually half cracked: some of them indeed get stark staring mad. - -The poetical genius is addicted to tea parties, and to writing in albums. -He also much affects the society of tabbies: for of all his admirers he -finds them the most liberal and indiscriminate in their praise. These -good creatures drench him with weak tea, and he in return doses them with -still weaker poetry. This is the class that supplies the newspapers with -the article just named, at least so named by courtesy, figuring therein -as J. F.’s and P. D.’s, &c. - -The next class of geniuses which we propose to consider, is the -Oratorical Genius. This person labours under the delusion of supposing -himself a second Demosthenes. He is a great frequenter of debating -societies, and other similar associations, where he makes long, prosy, -unintelligible speeches--speeches full of mist and moonshine, in which no -human being can discover the slightest trace of drift or purpose. These -frothy, bubble-and-squeak orations the young gentleman prepares at home, -fitting himself and them for public exhibition by raving and ranting -them over in his own room, to the great annoyance of his neighbours. - -These speeches, when they do not produce nausea, which they are very apt -to do, or at least a disagreeable feeling of squeamishness, are powerful -soporifics, and, possessing this quality, would be rather grateful than -otherwise, if one were in bed when within hearing of them; but unhappily -this pleasant effect is neutralised by the roaring and stamping that -accompanies their delivery: so that this sort of orator is in reality a -positive nuisance. - -The oratorical genius is nearly, if not every bit, as conceited as the -poetical genius. He has the same provoking, self-satisfied simper, and -is in other respects a still greater bore, for his forensic habits and -practices, without furnishing him with a single additional idea, have -given him an unhappy fluency of speech, which he himself mistakes for -eloquence, and with which he mercilessly inundates every one whom he can -get beneath the spout of his oratorical pump. Every thing he says to -you is said in set phrase--in the stiff, formal, affected language of -the debating society. His remarks on the most ordinary subjects are all -regular built speeches--dull, long-winded, prosy things, smelling strong -of the forum. - -We know a speculative or debating society man the moment he opens his -mouth. We know him by his studied, prolix phraseology, and much, much do -we dread him, for of all earthly bores he is the most intolerable. To be -obliged to listen to his maudlin philosophy and misty metaphysics--for -they are all to a man philosophers or metaphysicians--is about one of the -most distressing inflictions we know. - -The next genius on our list is the Universal Genius, perhaps the most -amusing of the whole fraternity. This gentleman, although perfectly -satisfied that he is a genius, and a very great genius too, does not -know himself precisely in what he excels. He has no definite ideas on -the subject, and in this respect is rather at a loss. But he enjoys a -delightful consciousness of a capacity that would enable him to surpass -in anything to which he might choose to devote himself, and that in -fact he does surpass in everything. His pretensions therefore rest on -a very broad basis, and embrace all human attainments. He is in short -a universal genius. This gentleman is very apt to assume peculiarities -in dress and exterior appearance, to wear odd things in an odd way, and -to sport a few eccentricities because he has heard or imagines that all -geniuses are eccentric. These are common and favourite expedients with -the would-be genius, who moreover frequently adds dissipation to his -distinguishing characteristics, it being a pretty general notion that -genius is drunken, and of a wild and irregular life. - -To make out this character, then, the universal genius takes to breaking -the public lamps, wrenching off bell-handles, kicking up rows in taverns -with the waiters and others, and on the streets with the police; gets -his head broken and his eyes blackened; keeps late hours, and goes -home drunk every night; and thus becomes a genius of the first order. -This sort of genius, we have observed, is much addicted to wearing odd -sorts of head-dresses, fantastic caps all befurred and betasselled, and -moreover greatly affects the bare throat, or wearing only an apology for -a neckcloth, with shirt-collar turned down--in this aiming at a fine wild -brigandish sort of look and appearance, much coveted by geniuses of a -certain order. - -Nature, however, does not always favour those ambitious attempts -at the bold and romantic, for we often find them associated with -snub noses, lantern jaws, and the most stupid and unmeaning -countenances, that express anything but a consonance of character with -pretension. We have known geniuses of this kind--the bare-necked and -turned-down-collared--set up for romantic desperadoes on the strength of -a hairy throat and a pair of bushy whiskers. - -The great class of universal geniuses now under consideration may, -on close inspection, be found to subdivide itself into several minor -classes, including the Sublime Genius, the Solemn Genius, and another -tribe which has hitherto been, we rather think, without a name, but which -we shall take the liberty of calling the Dirty Genius. This is a curious -species of the race. The dirty genius delights in unkempt locks, which -he not only allows but encourages to hang about his face and behind on -his coat collar, in large tangled filthy looking masses. He delighteth -also in an unwashed face, in dirty linen, and in a general slovenliness -and shabbiness of apparel. The pretensions of this genius are very high; -for he affects to be superior to all the common observances of civilised -life; its courtesies and amenities he holds in the most sovereign -contempt; despises soap and water, and rises proudly above white -stockings and clean shirts. - -There are several other descriptions of geniuses, on each of which we -could say an edifying word or two, but reserve them for another occasion. - - C. - - * * * * * - -ANECDOTE OF THE LATE MR BRADBURY, THE CELEBRATED CLOWN.--In the year -1814, when Mr Bradbury was in the heyday of his popularity, he lodged in -Portsmouth, in the well-known and elegant establishment called the Crown -Hotel, then kept by a Mr Hanna, where a number of the fashionable and -gay daily resorted. It happened at a dinner party where a considerable -number were present, Mr Bradbury introduced a most splendid gold -snuff-box which had been shortly before presented to him by the members -of a convivial club to which he belonged, in token of their estimation -of him as a convivial friend and of his talents in his line of acting, -which qualities he was known to possess in a very high degree. This -box he highly prized, and it was sent round the table and admired by -all. After some time, however, it was found not to be forthcoming. -Every one stared--no one had it--all had seen it the moment before, -but could not tell what could possibly have become of it. In vain the -owner entreated every gentleman to search his pocket, as some one -might have taken it inadvertently. All tried without success. After -remaining an hour in the greatest anxiety, in which the company seemed -to participate, they separated. Mr Bradbury consulted some of his -friends on this very unpleasant business, who advised him to send for a -Bow Street officer, who might from his habits be able to suggest some -means of detection. This advice was instantly followed, and Rivett, the -well-known peace-officer, was sent for. The same company met next day -at dinner, and the most anxious inquiries were made by all for the box, -but still no account of it. Amongst the company was a Captain C----, who -was aide-de-camp to General Leake, who was then going out to India, and -waiting for the first fair wind. This gentleman was the first to quit -the room after dinner, and by a preconcerted arrangement was followed -into his bedroom by Rivett, who was waiting outside. Mr Bradbury also -followed; and it was immediately communicated to Captain C---- that he -must submit to a search, a warrant for that purpose having been obtained -against every gentleman in the room. This was instantly submitted to in -the most cheerful manner by Captain C----, who invited them to make it, -and expressed great satisfaction at such a course as the only means of -detection; but he could not bring himself to believe that any gentleman -could be guilty of so infamous an act except through inadvertence. -After his trunk and dressing-case had been searched, he hoped they were -perfectly satisfied of his integrity in the business. Rivett, however, -observed that as far the search was made, he was satisfied that all was -correct, and nothing now remained but to search his person. These words -were scarcely uttered when he was observed to change colour and stagger; -a smothered groan escaped him, and he fell back in a chair; and in a -state scarcely conscious of existence, the box was taken from his pocket. -He remained in this state of stupor for a few moments, whilst Bradbury -and the peace-officer stood looking at each other, scarcely believing the -evidence of their senses; and recovering himself a little, he stood up, -gazed wildly at one and then at the other, and gasping with the intensity -of his feelings, he rushed to his dressing-table, and like lightning drew -a razor across his throat. Surgical assistance being on the spot, the -wound was first pronounced not to be mortal. The effect of the scene--the -look of the man--his maniac look, and the act or desperation accompanying -it--his rank in life, and every circumstance connected with it, had -such an effect on poor Bradbury that he lost his reason, and did not -recover it for a year afterwards. The matter could not be kept a secret. -The truly unfortunate and miserable Captain C---- of course lost his -commission, and it is not known what afterwards became of him. There was, -however, no prosecution. The punishment was sufficient. - - W. E. - - * * * * * - -ELEVATION OF THE MIND.--Lofty elevation of mind does not make one -indifferent to the wants and sufferings of those who are below him: on -the contrary, as the rarified air of mountains makes distant objects seem -nearer, so are all his fellow-beings brought nearer to the heart of him -who looks upon them from the height of his wisdom. - - * * * * * - -NAPOLEON AFTER DEATH.--Death had marvellously improved the appearance -of Napoleon, and every one exclaimed, when the face was exposed, “How -very beautiful!” for all present acknowledged that they had never seen -a finer or more regular and placid countenance. The beauty of the -delicate Italian features was of the highest kind; whilst the exquisite -serenity of their expression was in the most striking contrast with the -recollections of his great actions, impetuous character, and turbulent -life. As during his eventful career there was much of the mysterious and -inscrutable about him, even after death Napoleon’s inanimate remains -continued a puzzle and a mystery: for, notwithstanding his great -sufferings and the usual emaciating effects of the malady that destroyed -him, the body was found enormously fat. The frame was as unsusceptible of -material disintegration as the spirit was indomitable. Over the sternum, -or breast bone, which is generally only thinly covered, there was a coat -of fat an inch and a half thick; and on the abdomen two inches, whilst -the omentum, kidneys, and heart, were loaded with fat. The last organ was -remarkably small, and the muscle flabby, in contradiction to our ideal -associations, and in proof of the seeming paradox, that it is possible -to be a very great man with a very little heart. Much anxiety was felt -at the time to ascertain the disease of which Bonaparte died. Mr O’Meara -had represented the liver as the faulty organ, and this has been echoed -by Antommarchi; though, as we have said before, the illustrious sufferer -himself, with better judgment, referred the mischief to the stomach, as -its seat and source; and he was perfectly right, as the event proved. -This organ was found most extensively disorganised: in fact, it was -ulcerated all over like a honeycomb. The focus of the disease was exactly -the spot pointed out by Napoleon--the pylorus, or lower end where the -intestines begin. At this place I put my finger into a hole, made by an -ulcer, that had eaten through the stomach, but which was stopped by a -slight adhesion to the adjacent liver. After all, the liver was free from -disease, and every organ sound except the stomach. Several peculiarities -were noticed about the body. He appeared at some time to have had an -issue open in the arm, and there was a slight mark, like a wound, in -the leg, but which might have been caused by a suppurating boil. The -chest was not ample, and there was something of feminine delicacy in -the roundness of the arms and the smallness of the hands and feet. The -head was large in proportion to the body, with a fine, massy, capacious -forehead. In other respects there were no remarkable developements for -the gratification of phrenologists. The diseased state of the stomach was -palpably and demonstrably the cause of death; and how Napoleon could have -existed for any time with such an organ, was wonderful, for there was not -an inch of it sound.--_Biography of a Surgeon._ - - * * * * * - -THE MARCH OF MAGNILOQUENCE--Is “onward” like the prosperity of your -two-and-sixpenny republic in Central America. We [the Americans] are -becoming so great, that it is very much to be feared we shall lose all -our standards of commerce. Having nothing _little_, we don’t see how the -deuce we shall be able to express a diminutive. Our miniature will all -become magnitude, and it is difficult for us to see our way clearly in -the world. Our insects will grow into elephants, and for aught we see we -shall have to speak of the gnat as a large monster, and the honey-bee -have to be described as a beast of prey. “I does business in this -_store_,” was the remark made the other day by a dealer in crab apples, -as he crawled out of a refuse molasses-hogshead with his peck basket of -merchandise. The skippers of the Long Island clam-boats all call each -other _captains_; and we lately heard a city scavenger complaining to -another gentleman in the same line of business, that his _town house_ had -been endangered during a recent conflagration: a mischievous cracker-boy -had thrown one of his flaming missiles into the segment of a cellar -occupied by the complainant and his family. Mr Mark Anthony Potts told us -the other day that he had made arrangements for extending his _business_. -He has taken the superintendence of two coal carts, having heretofore -shovelled for but one. Nobody thinks nowadays of calling the conductor of -a mud cart on the railroad by any less dignified title than _an agent_. -The vender of apple-jack on a dilapidated cellar-door upon the North -river, is a _merchant_; and the fourth-rate victualler along the wharves, -who manages to rent half of a broken-down cobbler’s stall, _keeps a -public house_! - - * * * * * - - Printed and published every Saturday by GUNN and CAMERON, - No. 6, Church Lane, College Green, Dublin; and sold by all - Booksellers. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. -19, November 7, 1840, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, NOV 7, 1840 *** - -***** This file should be named 54297-0.txt or 54297-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/2/9/54297/ - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 19, November 7, 1840 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: March 8, 2017 [EBook #54297] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, NOV 7, 1840 *** - - - - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span></p> - -<h1>THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL.</h1> - -<table summary="Headline layout"> - <tr> - <td class="smcap">Number 19.</td> - <td class="center">SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1840.</td> - <td class="right smcap">Volume I.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class="figcenter gap4" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/garry_castle.jpg" width="500" height="405" alt="Garry Castle" /> -</div> - -<h2>GARRY CASTLE, KING’S COUNTY.</h2> - -<p>Among the many singular characters who figured in Ireland -during the last century, by no means the least remarkable was -Thomas Coghlan, or Mac Coghlan, the last descendant of a -long and ancient family, the ruins of whose fortalice are the -subject of the sketch at the head of this article, at least as -they appeared some five or six years ago. This extraordinary -personage may justly be regarded as the last of the Irish -tanistry, as well from his pertinacious adherence to the habits -and maxims of that defunct institution, as from his being until -his death possessed of the princely domains of his race, almost -unimpaired by the many confiscations and revolutions which -have swept away so many proud names from the records of -Ireland, thus uniting in himself the influence of traditional -rank, of such magical weight here, with the influence of territorial -possessions, of such magical weight every where. Although -for many years a member of the Irish Parliament, as -representative for the King’s County, the laws which he assisted -in making were not at all the laws which he administered. -At home every thing was on the patriarchal system, -in all respects conformable to the laws and regulations of the -Brehons—himself the grand centre of all authority, his will -the fountain of all justice, and his own hand in most cases -the administrator of his judgments. Such being the Mac -Coghlan, or “the Maw,” as he was more generally and rather -whimsically designated, it is little wonder that he should live -in the fondest remembrance of a people so deeply attached to -old names and old ways as the Irish all over the King’s -County generally, but particularly in that district of it anciently -known as the Mac Coghlan’s country, now the barony -of Garry Castle, so called from the castle before alluded to, the -ruins of which stand beside the road leading from Birr to -Banagher, and about half a mile from the latter town.</p> - -<p>These interesting remains consist of the tall square keep -seen in the accompanying view, and the mouldering walls of -some outer buildings, the entire enclosed in a considerable area, -with round towers at the corners, and entered by a fortified -gateway. They seem to be of some antiquity, this having -been the site, at all events, of the house of the Mac Coghlans<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span> -from the earliest periods, until the more peaceful circumstances -of the nation permitted them to abandon their narrow -and gloomy security for the beautiful residence of Kilcolgan, -an erection of the seventeenth century, the naked ruins of -which now form the chief feature in the landscape to the traveller -by the Grand Canal before he reaches Gillen. I am not -aware that any records exist to furnish a clue to the history -of Garry Castle, nor have I been able to meet any one able to -give me any information about it, beyond the usual tirade -about Oliver Cromwell, who seems doomed to bear on his back -the weight of all the old walls in Ireland. One very old man, -who in his youth had been, I believe, a servant of the Maw, -was the only person in fact who seemed to know more about -it than that it was “an ould castle, an’ a great place in the -ould times.” From him I gathered a good many anecdotes -of his former master, of which the following partly bears upon -the present subject, and gives rather a good illustration of a -class of persons not unfrequently met with, who occasionally -support most extraordinary pretensions by methods still more -extraordinary, claiming to be proficients in all the forgotten -lore of past ages, and even in their rags hinting at powers, the -possession of which would be rather enviable. The story is -an odd one, but I tell it exactly as I heard it.</p> - -<p>“I had business into Banagher one day when I was a gossoon, -and just as I came to the bill over Garry Castle, I saw a -great crowd moving up the road forninst me. ‘Lord rest the -sowl that’s gone,’ says I, crossin’ myself, for by course I -thought it was a corpse goin’ to All Saints’ churchyard; but -when it came nearer, and I saw the Maw in the front with a -whole crowd of gentlemen, some that I knew and more that -I didn’t, and ne’er a corpse at all with them, I made bould to -ax Father Madden what might be the matther.</p> - -<p>‘Why, my boy,’ says he, ‘there’s some gentlemen come all -the ways from Dublin to consther what’s written on the big -stone over the hall chimley in the ould castle beyant, and the -rest of us are going to have the laugh at their ignorance.’</p> - -<p>‘’Deed, your riv’rince,’ says I, ‘an’ it’s the fine laugh we’ll -have in airnest, for sure the smallest gossoon in the country -could tell them ’twas written by the Danes long ago, and that -it’s an enchantment.’</p> - -<p>‘Hould your tongue,’ says he in return; ‘whatever it is, I’ll -be bound it’ll puzzle them, for by the book I’m not able to -read it myself.’</p> - -<p>‘Troth, thin,’ says I, ‘if that be the case, it’s little sense -the likes of them will make out of it.’</p> - -<p>By this time, sir, we got inside the ould gateway, and as -the Maw’s groom was a cousin of my aunt Peg’s, he let me -into the hall with the rest of the quality. There was the -stone, sure enough: a long narrow stone, all the length of the -room, with four lines of writing cut on it, over the chimley. -It was in the part of the ould castle that’s down now. Well, -sir, one ould gentleman—they said he belonged to that college -off there in Dublin—takes his spectacles out of his pocket, an’ -he puts them on his nose, quite grand like, and he looks at the -writing. ‘It’s not English,’ says he, ‘nor is it French,’ says -he after a little, ‘nor Jarman;’ and then he takes another -look. ‘It’s not Latin,’ says he, and the rest of the quality -shook their heads very wisely; ‘it’s not Greek,’ says he, and -they shook their heads again; ‘it’s not Hebrew,’ says he, -‘nor Chaldee, nor—pursuin’ to me if I know what it is.’</p> - -<p>‘Baidershin!’ says Father Madden quietly: an’ with that, -sir, you’d think the vault above our heads ’ud split with the -roars of laughing. But the great scholar didn’t join in it at -all, but pulls the spectacles off his nose, and crams them into -his pocket, and looking very big at the priest, ‘I’m thinking -it’s Baulderdash, gentlemen,’ says he.</p> - -<p>Well, sir, one after another they all tried their skill on it, -and one after another they all had to acknowledge their ignorance.</p> - -<p>‘By the powers,’ says the priest, ‘by yer talk one ’ud think -the hiryglyphics themselves were a Readin’-med-aisy to ye, an’ -here a plain bit of writin’ puzzles ye.’</p> - -<p>‘Maybe, Father Madden,’ says the Maw, ‘you’d favour us -by consthering it yerself.’</p> - -<p>‘No, sir,’ says the priest; ‘my vow won’t let me read magic; -but if you’d wish me to thransport the stone anywhere -for you, or do any other little miracle that way, I’d be most -happy to obleedge you.’</p> - -<p>‘Oh, no,’ says the Maw, ‘we’ll not put you to that trouble; -but perhaps you would come down with us as far as the inn, -and have a bit of lunch.’</p> - -<p>‘With all the pleasure in life, sir,’ says the priest, ‘the rather -that I’d like to be discoorsing these larned gentlemen -here;’ but indeed the larned gentlemen didn’t seem a bit too -glad of his company, and small blame to them sure, for may -the heavens be his bed, there wasn’t a funnier man in the nine -counties, or one fonder of followin’ up a joke, an’ well they -knew he wasn’t goin’ to let them down aisy.</p> - -<p>It wasn’t long until we were on the road again, makin’ for -the town; an’ as we were goin’ along, who did we meet but a -spalpeen from the county Galway, that came over as soon as -he met us to beg among the quality; an’ sure enough he was -as poor-lookin’ a crathur as ever axed a charity. His legs -were bare, and all blue and brackit with could an’ hardship, -an’ the sorra a skreed of dacint clothin’ he had on him but an -ould tattered breeches an’ a blanket thrown over his shoulders -and fastened at the throat with a big skiver; he had a bag on -his back, an’ a mether in one fist, an’ a boolteen in the other; -an’ if he had any more wealth about him, sure enough it was -hid safely. By the discoorse we had one with another, he -soon larned about the big stone, and how it puzzled all the -scholars in the parish, not to say them from Dublin, an’ how -the priest refused to read it because it was magic; and betther -nor all, how the Maw offered five goold guineas to any -poor scholar, or the like, that could explain it.</p> - -<p>‘I’d like to see that stone,’ says the spalpeen. ‘Poor-lookin’ -as I am,’ says he, ‘maybe I could insinse ye into the maining -of it.’</p> - -<p>Well, sir, the words were scarce out of his mouth when -Mac Coghlan was tould of them. ‘What’s that you say, honest -man,’ says he; ‘can you decypher the writing?’</p> - -<p>‘I’d like to try anyhow, yer honour,’ says the spalpeen, -‘worse than fail I can’t.’</p> - -<p>‘Bedad,’ says Father Madden, ‘it ’ud be a pity not to let -you; sure if you say you know nothin’ about it, wiser men -nor you had to confess that same; an’ as for us, why, our time -will be as well spent listening to one dunce as to another.’</p> - -<p>‘Oh, by all manes,’ says the Maw, ‘we’ll go back and hear -what he makes of it.’ So we all turned back with the spalpeen.</p> - -<p>When he came to the stone, it’s a different kind of look he -gave it entirely from what the quality scholars did; you’d -know by the way he fixed his eye on it at the very first, that -it was no saycret to him, an’ he walked up an’ down from one -end of the lines to the other, until he had them all read.</p> - -<p>‘Now, my man,’ says the Mac Coghlan, ‘if you read it, the reward -is yours,’ an’ he took the five goold guineas out of his -purse an’ showed them to him.</p> - -<p>‘I can read it, yer honour,’ says the spalpeen; ‘but what -it says might be displeasin’ to some of this company, an’ I -had betther hould my tongue.’</p> - -<p>‘By my word,’ says Mac Coghlan, ‘let who will be offended -by it, no part of the blame shall rest on your shoulders, so -speak out, an’ speak true.’</p> - -<p>‘Well, yer honour,’ says the spalpeen, takin’ courage, -‘what it says is this, that this castle was built on such a time, -an’ that it will stand whole an’ sound for three hundred -years an’ no more; an’ that it’s to be held by eleven Mac -Coghlan heirs, and the eleventh will be the last of his race.’</p> - -<p>‘Bad news for the twelfth,’ says Father Madden, ‘to have -an ould stone barrin’ him out of the world that way;’ and -with that they all laughed, all but the Maw, an’ he was as -pale as death an’ stupid-like, for the three hundred years were -just run out, an’ he was the eleventh heir; but in a minute or -two he recovered himself and joined in the laugh as well as -the rest.</p> - -<p>‘Well, my man,’ says he at last, ‘you have done what all -the learned men in the land couldn’t do, an’ though the news -isn’t the pleasantest, you must have your reward. Now listen -to me: give up your wandering life and settle here; I’ll give -you a house an’ five acres free of rent for ever: this money -will set you up, an’ I promise you that you shall never want in -my time, short as it is to be. Will you take my offer?’</p> - -<p>‘Why, thin,’ says the spalpeen, ‘many thanks by coorse to -yer honour for makin’ it; but for all the land yer honour -has, or one of your name ever had, I wouldn’t live other than -I do: though I’m here now, ’tis many a mile from where I -slept last night, or maybe from where I’ll sleep to-night. -Goold or silver avails me little, or if they did, maybe I could -tell where to find what ’ud buy Galway ten times over.’</p> - -<p>‘Bedad, honest man,’ says Father Madden, ‘if you know so -much as all that, it ’ud be a great charity entirely for you to -stop awhile an’ open school here; I’ll be bound you’ll have a -fine lot of scholars, an’ I don’t say but myself ’ud be among -the number.’</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span></p> - -<p>‘Troth there’s many a man ’ud like to have my knowledge, -I have no doubt,’ says the spalpeen; ‘but I’m thinkin’ there’s -few here or elsewhere ’ud like to learn in the school where I -got it.’</p> - -<p>‘Lord save us!’ says the priest; ‘you didn’t sell yourself -to the ould boy for it, did you, you nasty brute?’</p> - -<p>‘I bought it with the past an’ not with the future,’ says the -spalpeen; ‘an’ what ye saw of it is nothing to what I could -show if I had a mind: the blessin’ of the poor be with your -honour, if it be any use to you, an’ it’s wishin’ I am that I had -a luckier story to tell you,’ and he turned to go away.</p> - -<p>‘Well, my good fellow,’ says the Maw, ‘any how you’re not -goin’ to quit so soon. Neither gentle nor simple passes this -road without eating with the Mac Coghlan, an’ you must -follow the rule as well as another: stay as long as you like, -an’ go when you like; an’ I give you my word you shall have -the best of tratement, an’ no one shall bother you with any -questions you don’t like.’</p> - -<p>‘Yer honour,’ says the spalpeen, ‘I’m not a young man, -an’ yet my head was never this many a night twice on the same -pillow, an’ you’d be a long day findin’ out the spot that in that -time I hav’n’t visited.’</p> - -<p>‘Maybe you’re the Wanderin’ Jew,’ exclaimed Father -Madden.</p> - -<p>‘Jew or Gentile,’ says the spalpeen, ‘a wanderer I am, an’ -a wanderer I must be; an’ now good bye to ye all, an’ God -bless ye;’ and with that away he walked, an’ the never a -sight of him did any one in Banagher lay his eyes on since. -Some said he was this and some said he was that, and more -said he was a sperrit; but what do ye think but the great -scholars from Dublin, to hide their ignorance, gave out that -he was somebody that Father Madden tuthored for the purpose -to make little of thim an’ their larnin’, and have the -laugh against thim.’</p> - -<p>Next morning when all the counthry went out of curiosity -to see the big stone, they found it torn down an’ carried off, -for Mac Coghlan got it taken down in the night an’ buried -somewhere; but, any how, it tould nothin’ but the truth, for -in a few years afther, the castle fell with the frost, an’ not long -afther that Mac Coghlan died; an’ sure you know yourself that -he was the last of his name.”</p> - -<p class="right">A. M’C.</p> - -<p>We should be grateful to any of our correspondents who -would favour us with a biographical sketch of the last Mac -Coghlan, of whom so many stories are still related by the -peasantry of the King’s County, and of whom the following -sketch is given in Mr Brewer’s Beauties of Ireland: it is from -the pen of the late Chevalier Colonel de Montmorency.</p> - -<p class="right">P.</p> - -<p>“Thomas Coghlan, Esq.—or, in attention to local phraseology, -‘the Maw’ [that is, Mac], for he was not known or -addressed in his own domain by any other appellation—was a -remarkably handsome man; gallant, eccentric; proud, satirical; -hospitable in the extreme, and of expensive habits. In -disdain of modern times he adhered to the national customs of -Ireland, and the modes of living practised by his ancestors. -His house was ever open to strangers. His tenants held their -lands at will, and paid their rents, according to the ancient -fashion, partly in kind, and the remainder in money. ‘The -Maw’ levied the fines of mortmain when a vassal died. He -became heir to the defunct farmer; and no law was admissible, -or practised, within the precincts of Mac Coghlan’s domain, -but such as savoured of the Brehon code. It must be observed, -however, that, most commonly, ‘the Maw’s’ commands, -enforced by the impressive application of his horse-whip, -instantly decided a litigated point! From this brief -outline it might be supposed that we were talking of Ireland -early in the seventeenth century, but Mr Coghlan died not -longer back than about the year 1790. With him perished -the rude grandeur of his long-drawn line. He died without -issue, and destitute of any legitimate male representative to -inherit his name, although most of his followers were of the -sept of the Coghlans, none of whom, however, were strictly -qualified, or were suffered by ‘the Maw,’ to use the Mac, or -to claim any relationship with himself. His great estate passed -at his decease to the son of his sister, the late Right Hon. -Denis Bowes Daly, of Daly’s-town, county of Galway, who -likewise had no children, and who, shortly before his death in -1821, sold the Mac Coghlan estate to divers persons, the chief -purchaser being Thomas Bernard, Esq. M. P., in whom the -larger proportion of the property is now vested.”</p> - -<h2 class="gap4">THE ROYAL FAMILY OF STATEN-ISLAND.</h2> - -<p>It has long been the general belief that the gipsy race, which -is found every where else, has never yet penetrated into America; -but the opinion is erroneous. There is a family on -Staten-Island whose history and habits prove their Zingaro -descent, despite the counter evidence of their white skins, -patches of which may be seen through the rents of their tatters, -like intervals of blue sky in a clouded empyrean.</p> - -<p>The patriarch of the horde was in his lifetime reputed an -Englishman, although upon this point no intelligence exists -in any parish register or book of heraldry—a matter the less to -be regretted that his birth is not likely to be disputed by rival -nations or cities. All that is certainly known of him is, that -he made his appearance on the island about forty years ago, -an incarnation of laziness and pauperism, accompanied by a -biped of the feminine gender, whom, as God made her, we are -content to call a woman: they evinced no desire to hold fellowship -with their kind, but immediately plunged into the -woods, where they pertinaciously hid whatever talents and -merits they possessed. Probably the world used them ill, and -like Timon they had left it in disgust. They built themselves -a hut of brushwood, and lived, unknowing and unknown, upon -the wild products of the soil and the sea-shore, the world forgetting -and the world forgot. No one was favoured with any -notice of their former history; they wrought not for hire, nor -did they seek to render themselves in the slightest degree useful -to their fellow-creatures. They were satisfied with a bare, -mysterious existence, the objects of wonder and pity; and -only proved themselves human by increasing the population of -Staten-Land with ten sons and daughters.</p> - -<p>In time the he-patriarch died, and his fame died with him; -but not till he had so indoctrinated his hopeful family, that -they have ever since followed his praiseworthy example. -A short time since we paid these Children of the Mist a visit -at their residence, profiting by one of a thousand changes of -abode which brought them within an easy walk of the Quarantine-Ground. -Others may seek objects of interest abroad; -we are content with what may be found near home; and in -this singular family we found a happy practical illustration of -the Golden Age, which poets so much regret, and agrarian -politicians so devoutly hope and expect to restore. By the -margin of a stagnant swamp, rife with malaria and intermittent -fever, embosomed in thick woods, stood a pen of rough -boards, obtained heaven knows how, about ten feet square, -into which about fifty specimens of animal life, human and canine, -were crowded. The den was roofed over, and refused -entrance to the sun, but was by no means so inhospitable to -the rain. The four winds of heaven sought and found free -ingress and egress through the chinks; the floor was not; and -altogether we have seen much better appointed pig-styes. -We first discovered our proximity to this Temple of the -Winds by the greeting of a herd of sorry curs, who made a -great noise, but retreated snarling, and with averted tails, at -the first exhibition of a stone or a stick, as the dogs of the -aborigines are wont to do. A shrill, cracked, but clear voice -from within, uplifted in energetic objurgation, stilled the clamour, -and we entered upon a scene that beggars and defies -description. We had seen poverty before, but had never an -adequate conception of its extreme until now.</p> - -<p>A bundle of rags, endowed with suspicious and alarming -powers of locomotion, advanced to do the honours of the mansion. -An unearthly squeak, that would have driven a parrot -of any ear distracted, proclaimed that the thing was human; -and after close inspection we made out a set of features which -we could only have supposed to belong to Calvin Edson or -the Witch of Endor. The head surmounted a withered atomy, -from which every muscular fibre seemed to have dried away. -There was nothing left for Decay to prey upon: a particle more -of waste, and the fabric must have evaporated, or been scattered -with the first puff, like a pinch of snuff. This was the -worthy mother of the brood. Age could not make her head -whiter. She must have been more than a century old, and -yet hearing, vision, speech, every faculty, was unimpaired, and -she was as brisk as any of the horde. According to all appearances, -Time had lost all power over her, and she may yet -live longer than the everlasting pyramids. Fancy a mummy -stalking from its case, and you have some idea of this spectral -apparition.</p> - -<p>Around the den were arranged without arrangement four -rude bedsteads, guiltless then and for ever of beds, or any -succedaneum therefor; those being unnecessary and enervating<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span> -luxuries, in the opinion of the inmates. Not one of these -was born in a bed, or had ever pressed one, and why should -they not do as they had ever done? The only purpose of the -frames seemed to be to keep them from dying on the bare -earth. The whole score and a half of humanities might have -possessed some four or five threadbare and tattered blankets, -such a stock of clothing as might have furnished forth one respectable -scarecrow, and perhaps half a shirt among them; -but of the latter item we are somewhat uncertain, as we considered -any particular scrutiny especially indelicate. The -hut was literally full of trumpery, the use of most of which it -were difficult even to guess. The following, as nearly as memory -serves us, is a correct inventory:—</p> - -<p>An old worn-out saddle; three steel-traps; fifteen dogs, -bitches, and puppies; about a crate full of damaged crockery -and pottery; an iron pot, without a bale or cover, and two -legs off; a tin kettle, with three holes in the bottom; a fish-spear, -an axe, a dozen fishing-rods and tackle; as many rags -as would set up a paper mill; about a peck of clams, a damaged -bucket, and a great variety of other things nameless -ans indescribable.</p> - -<p>These true philosophers all appeared to enjoy the most robust -health, with one exception, who was shaking with a paroxysm -of ague on one of the frames before mentioned. The -men were stout, hearty fellows, who might do their country -good service at the tail of a plough or the end of a musket; -but their ambition does not soar so high. They literally take -no thought for to-morrow, though they very well know what -a day must bring forth. They justly consider themselves</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">——“out of Fortune’s power;</div> -<div class="verse">He that is down can fall no lower.”</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>Once in a great while they may be persuaded to perform a -day’s labour, but these are rare and painful occasions, always -followed by regret and repentance; and when their immediate -wants are supplied, they return to the luxurious and indolent -repose, which is their second nature, and which they enjoy -in a perfection only appreciable by the Neapolitan lazzaroni. -When they have thus been compelled to pass a night under a -roof, it has been remarked that no human logic can persuade -one of them to submit to the abhorred contact of soap and water, -or to sleep in a bed, suppose any person could be found willing -so to accommodate them. They own no boats, and they -neither hire nor borrow them. Such property requires care -and trouble, and rowing is laborious. A cow was once the -apex of their ambition; but hunger knocks often at their door, -and was fatal to poor Brindle. They are not rich enough to -buy a gun. The conies, partridges, snapping-tortoises, frogs, -squirrels, and such small deer, are their flocks and herds, and -the earth produces wild artichokes and other esculent roots. -As for their religion, they believe in beef and bread, and go -to church, like parasitical insects, as often as they are carried. -They believe that the earth is flat, and that the city of New -York and the Narrows are its limits. To be hung up in a -cage in the sunshine, with licence to scratch themselves, and -to be well fed, constitutes their notion of heaven; and the -county alms-house, where able-bodied people are constrained -to work, is the purgatory of their imagination, or something -worse. They think it is better to sleep than to be awake, -to lie than to sit, to sit than to stand, to stand than to walk, -and to walk than to run. Dancing is to them an incomprehensible -abomination. They own no lord, they heed no law. -They have nothing, and they want nothing. To cold, heat, -rain, &c., they are perfectly indifferent, and their only known -evil is pain, which comes to them only in the shape of hunger -and intermittent fever. Nerves and delicacy they never heard -of. Thus have they ever lived, and thus they will die.</p> - -<p>The women at the time of our visit differed from the men -only in attire, a superior volubility, a natural, rough-hewn coquetry, -and the possession of certain brass trinkets, faded -ribbons, and other fantastic fineries. None of them were either -young or handsome enough to mark them as the victims -of man’s villany. The smaller fry about their wretched -cabin attest that they have not in the least neglected the first -command of God to man, though no priest or preacher can -say that he has received a wedding fee on account of either of -them. Their usual employment is to loll upon fences and gather -berries, and they are also said to be skilful in roots and -herbs. Some of them sometimes go to service for a time; -but they soon return to their lair, like a sow to her wallowing -in the mire. The alms-house has also afforded them an asylum -in cases of emergency, but they invariably escape from it -as soon as there is any work to be done. They toil not, neither -do they spin; and assuredly Solomon, with all his wisdom, -never dreamed of such a thing as one of these!</p> - -<p>Many have asked, as we did, and many more will ask, -“How do these people live?” Ask Him who feeds the ravens, -for no one else can answer. That they do not work, is certain; -that they neither beg nor steal, is to be inferred from -the fact that their fellow Staten-landers have never accused -them, and that they have never undergone the rebuke of the -law. They are as harmless and inoffensive as they are useless. -They are proverbially good-natured and honest; they -do not get drunk, or abuse tobacco; for although some of -them have a relish for these luxuries, it would cost too much -trouble to earn the price of them. Otherwise, they are the -very Yahoos of Gulliver.</p> - -<p>Some philosophers have taught that content is the grand -desideratum, the greatest good of earthly felicity. The contentment -of savages and of negro slaves is brought to support -their position. It is true that these are happy under their -painful and degrading yoke; but what of that? Simon Stylites -was no doubt happy on his pillow of torment: an ox, on -the same principle, and for the same reason, is happier still, -and the life of an oyster is bliss superlative. “The royal family -of Staten-Island” are an example before our eyes to show -how closely contentment may be allied with the extremes of -degradation.—<cite>From the Knickerbocker.</cite></p> - -<h2 class="gap4">THE BLIND BOY.</h2> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Oh, mother, is it spring once more—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The same bright laughing spring</div> -<div class="verse">That used to come in days of yore</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With glad and welcome wing?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And is the infant primrose born,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And peerless daisy child</div> -<div class="verse">Beneath the bowed and budding thorn,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">All beautiful and wild?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And does the sky break out as blue</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Between the April show’rs,</div> -<div class="verse">And smilingly impart its hue</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To her young vi’let flow’rs?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And is the sun, the blessed sun,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">As dazzling in his might,</div> -<div class="verse">As glorious now to look upon,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">As when <em>I</em> loved his light?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">As when, with clear and happy eye,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Beneath that light I strayed,</div> -<div class="verse">Or in the noonday brilliancy</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Sought out some cooling shade?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And when the spring flow’rs drop away,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Will summer days come fast,</div> -<div class="verse">All rich with bloom—oh, mother, say!—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">As when I saw them last?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Will merry children gambol o’er</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The meads, or by the brooks—</div> -<div class="verse">Seek out the wild bee’s honey store</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In some deep grassy nook?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Or where the sparkling waters flow</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Go wand’ring far away,</div> -<div class="verse">To cull the tallest reeds that grow,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And weave them all the day?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And will they climb the tall old trees,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And at the topmost height</div> -<div class="verse">Find birds of beauty, such as these</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That charm my long, long night?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Or ranging o’er the wild morass</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Pluck the fair bog-down’s head?</div> -<div class="verse">Or o’er the long and slender grass</div> -<div class="verse indent1">String berries ripe and red?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">They will!—but I shall not be there:</div> -<div class="verse indent1">For me, oh! never more</div> -<div class="verse">Shall spring put forth her blossoms fair,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Or summer shed her store!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Yet think not, mother, if I weep,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">’Tis for the seasons’ gleam;</div> -<div class="verse">Or if I gladden in my sleep,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">’Tis of such things I dream.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">No, mother, no?—’tis that thy cheek,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Thy smile of tender joy,</div> -<div class="verse">Thine eye of light, that used to speak</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Such fondness to thy boy—</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">It is the thought that that dear face—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Oh, bitter, bitter pain!—</div> -<div class="verse">Is blotted out through time and space</div> -<div class="verse indent1">For ever from my brain!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">My mother, darling, lay my head</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Upon thy own lov’d breast,</div> -<div class="verse">And let thy voice low music shed</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To lull thy child to rest;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And press thy soft and dewy kiss</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Upon his beating brow,</div> -<div class="verse">And let him feel, or fancy bliss—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">’Tis all that’s left him now.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">What though the noonday’s sunny prime</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Can yield unnumbered charms,</div> -<div class="verse">Give me the silent midnight time</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That lays me in <em>thy</em> arms.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">For there I dream of joy and light,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The things I once could prize,</div> -<div class="verse">Ere darkness threw its dreary blight</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Upon my glad young eyes.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And in the same bright dreamy thought,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">I gaze upon once more</div> -<div class="verse">My mother’s face, with feeling fraught</div> -<div class="verse indent1">E’en deeper than of yore.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Yet do not weep, my mother dear,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Thy love is more than light—</div> -<div class="verse">Thy soothing hand, thy tender tear,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">More blessed e’en than sight!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And while that hand is clasped in mine,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">My fault’ring steps to guide,</div> -<div class="verse">I will not murmur or repine,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Or grieve for aught beside.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">But, mother, when I soar away,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">From life’s drear darkness free,</div> -<div class="verse">Oh! shall I not through heaven’s long day</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Live gazing upon thee!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse right">W. C. L.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<h2 class="gap4">THE REAL “TEMPERANCE CORDIAL.”<br /> -<span class="smaller">BY MRS S. C. HALL.</span></h2> - -<p>“Well,” said Andrew Furlong to James Lacey, “well! -that ginger cordial, of all the things I ever tasted, is the -nicest and warmest. It’s beautiful stuff; and so cheap.”</p> - -<p>“What good does it do ye, Andrew? and what want have -you of it?” inquired James Lacey.</p> - -<p>“What good does it do me!” repeated Andrew, rubbing -his forehead in a manner that showed he was perplexed by -the question; “why, no great good, to be sure; and I can’t -say I’ve any want of it; for since I became a member of the -‘Total Abstinence Society,’ I’ve lost the megrim in my -head and the weakness I used to have about my heart. I’m -as strong and hearty in myself as any one can be, God be -praised! And sure, James, neither of us could turn out in -such a coat as <em>this</em>, this time twelvemonth.”</p> - -<p>“And that’s true,” replied James; “but we must remember -that if leaving off whisky enables us to show a good habit, -taking to ‘ginger cordial,’ or any thing of that kind, -will soon wear a hole in it.”</p> - -<p>“You are always fond of your fun.” replied Andrew. -“How can you prove that?”</p> - -<p>“Easy enough,” said James. “Intoxication was the worst -part of a whisky-drinking habit; but it was not the only bad -part. It spent <span class="smcapuc">TIME</span>, and it spent what well-managed time always -gives, <span class="smcapuc">MONEY</span>. Now, though they do say—mind, I’m not -quite <em>sure</em> about it, for they <em>may</em> put things in it they don’t -own to, and your eyes look brighter, and your cheek more -flushed than if you had been drinking nothing stronger than -milk or water—but they <em>do</em> say that ginger cordials, and all -kinds of cordials, do not intoxicate. I will grant this; but you -cannot deny that they waste both time and money.”</p> - -<p>“Oh, bother!” exclaimed Andrew. “I only went with two -or three other boys to have a glass, and I don’t think we spent -more than half an hour—<em>not</em> three quarters, certainly; and -there’s no great harm in laying out a penny or twopence that -way, now and again.”</p> - -<p>“<em>Half</em> an hour even, breaks a day,” said James, “and -what is worse, it unsettles the mind for work; and we -ought to be very careful of any return to the <em>old habit</em>, that -has destroyed many of us, body and soul, and made the -name of an Irishman a by-word and a reproach, instead of -a glory and an honour. A penny, Andrew, <em>breaks the silver -shilling into coppers</em>; and twopence will buy half a stone of -potatoes—that’s a consideration. If we don’t manage to keep -things comfortable at home, the women won’t have the heart -to mend the coat. Not,” added James with a sly smile, “that -I can deny having taken to <span class="smcapuc">TEMPERANCE CORDIALS</span> myself.”</p> - -<p>“You!” shouted Andrew, “<em>you</em>, and a pretty fellow you are -to be blaming me, and then forced to confess you have taken -to them yourself. But I suppose they’ll wear no hole in <em>your</em> -coat? Oh, to be sure not, <em>you</em> are such a good manager!”</p> - -<p>“Indeed,” answered James, “I <em>was</em> anything but a good -manager eighteen months ago: as you well know, I was in -rags, never at my work of a Monday, and seldom on Tuesday. -My poor wife, my gentle patient Mary, often bore hard -words; and though she will not own it, I fear still harder -blows, when I had driven away my senses. My children -were pale, half-starved, naked creatures, disputing a potato -with the pig my wife tried to keep to pay the rent, well -knowing I would never do it. Now——”</p> - -<p>“But the cordial, my boy!” interrupted Andrew, “the -cordial!—sure I believe every word of what you’ve been telling -me is as true as gospel; ain’t there hundreds, ay, thousands, -at this moment on Ireland’s blessed ground, that can -tell the same story. But the cordial! and to think of your -never owning it before: is it ginger, or anniseed, or peppermint?”</p> - -<p>“None of these—and yet it’s the <em>rale</em> thing, my boy.”</p> - -<p>“Well, then,” persisted Andrew, “let’s have a drop of it; -you’re not going, I’m sure, to drink by yerself—<em>and as I’ve -broke the afternoon</em>”——</p> - -<p>A very heavy shadow passed over James’s face, for he saw -that there must have been something hotter than even ginger -in the “<em>temperance</em> cordial,” as it is falsely called, that Andrew -had taken, or else he would have endeavoured to redeem -lost time, not to waste more; and he thought how much better -the <span class="smcapuc">REAL</span> temperance cordial was, that, instead of exciting -the brain, only warms the heart.</p> - -<p>“No,” he replied after a pause, “I must go and finish -what I was about; but this evening at seven o’clock meet me -at the end of our lane, and then I’ll be very happy of your -company.”</p> - -<p>Andrew was sorely puzzled to discover what James’s cordial -could be, and was forced to confess to himself that he hoped it -would be different from what he had taken that afternoon, -which certainly had made him feel confused and inactive.</p> - -<p>At the appointed hour the friends met in the lane.</p> - -<p>“Which way do we go?” inquired Andrew.</p> - -<p>“Home,” was James’s brief reply.</p> - -<p>“Oh, you <em>take</em> it at home?” said Andrew.</p> - -<p>“I <em>make</em> it at home,” answered James.</p> - -<p>“Well,” observed Andrew, “that’s very good of the woman -<em>that owns ye</em>. Now, mine takes on so about a drop of any -thing, that she’s as hard almost on the cordials as she used -to be on the whisky.”</p> - -<p>“My Mary helps to make mine,” observed James.</p> - -<p>“And do you bottle it or keep it on draught?” inquired -Andrew, very much interested in the “cordial” question.</p> - -<p>James laughed very heartily at this, and answered,</p> - -<p>“Oh, I keep mine on draught—always on draught; there’s -nothing like having plenty of a good thing, so I keep mine -always on draught;” and then James laughed again, and so -heartily, that Andrew thought surely <em>his</em> real temperance cordial -must contain something quite as strong as what he had -blamed him for taking.</p> - -<p>James’s cottage door was open, and as they approached it -they saw a good deal of what was going forward within. A -square table, placed in the centre of the little kitchen, was -covered by a clean white cloth—knives, forks, and plates for -the whole family, were ranged upon it in excellent order; the -hearth had been swept, the house was clean, the children rosy, -well dressed, and all doing something. “Mary,” whom her -husband had characterised as “the patient,” was busy and -bustling, in the very act of adding to the coffee, which was -steaming on the table, the substantial accompaniments of fried -eggs and bacon, with a large dish of potatoes. When the -children saw their father, they ran to meet him with a great -shout, and clung around to tell him all they had done that -day. The eldest girl declared she had achieved the heel -of a stocking; one boy wanted his father to come and see how -straight he had planted the cabbages; while another avowed -his proficiency in addition, and volunteered to do a sum instanter -upon a slate which he had just cleaned. Happiness<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span> -in a cottage seems always more real than it does in a -gorgeous palace. It is not wasted in large rooms—it is concentrated—a -great deal of love in a small space—a great, -<em>great</em> deal of joy and hope within narrow walls, and compressed, -as it were, by a low roof. Is it not a blessed thing -that the most moderate means become enlarged by the affections?—that -the love of a peasant within his sphere, is as deep, -as fervent, as true, as lasting, as sweet, as the love of a prince?—that -all our best and purest affections will grow and expand -in the poorest <em>worldly</em> soil?—and that we need not be rich to -be happy? James felt all this and more when he entered his -cottage, and was thankful to God who had opened his eyes, -and taught him what a number of this world’s gifts, that were -within even his humble reach, might be enjoyed without sin. -He stood—a poor but happy father within the sacred temple of -his home; and Andrew had the warm heart of an Irishman -beating in his bosom, and consequently shared his joy.</p> - -<p>“I told you,” said James, “I had the <em>true temperance -cordial</em> at home—do you not see it in the simple prosperity -by which, owing to the blessings of temperance, I am surrounded?—do -you not see it in the rosy cheeks of my children, -in the smiling eyes of my wife—did I not tell truly that she -helped to make it? Is not this a true cordial,” he continued, -while his own eyes glistened with manly tears, “is not the -prosperity of this cottage a <em>true temperance cordial</em>?—and is -it not <em>always on draught</em>, flowing from an ever-filling fountain? -Am I not right, Andrew; and will you not forthwith -take my receipt, and make it for yourself? You will never -wish for any other: it is warmer than ginger, and sweeter -than anniseed. I am sure you will agree with me that a -loving wife, in the enjoyment of the humble comforts which -an industrious <em>sober</em> husband can bestow, smiling, healthy, -well-clad children, and a clean cabin, where the fear of God -banishes all other fears, make</p> - -<p class="center">THE TRUE TEMPERANCE CORDIAL!”</p> - -<h2 class="gap4">THE SAP IN VEGETABLES.</h2> - -<h3>FIRST ARTICLE.</h3> - -<p>Botanists describe two kinds of vegetable sap; the one is -called the ascending or unelaborated sap, the other the descending -or elaborated sap. If a young branch be cut across -in the spring season, the newly exposed surfaces will be found -rapidly to cover themselves with a dew, especially that portion -which is continuous with the trunk—this moisture is the -ascending sap: while if during the summer or autumn a piece -of twine be tightly drawn and knotted round a young branch -of lilac, the part above this ligature will shortly become swollen, -and will bulge out on every side, in consequence of an -impediment having been thus presented to the downward flow -of the descending sap, which will be therefore forced to accumulate -in the situation described. The reader may perceive -that the origin from whence these two kinds of sap are derived, -their chemical composition, the part of the vegetable through -which they pass, the causes which produce the ascent of one -and the descent of the other, together with the uses of both -in the vegetable economy, are questions of great interest, as -well to the farmer as the horticulturist.</p> - -<p>The source from whence the ascending sap is derived is the -aliment absorbed by the roots from the soil. This aliment -consists essentially of two substances; one of these being -sufficiently familiar, namely, water; and the other commonly -existing in the atmosphere under the form of gas or air, but -likewise capable of solution in water, namely, carbonic acid; -this substance is known to every one as the cause, by its -escape, of the boiling appearance seen in freshly uncorked -soda water. Those two substances constitute the necessary -aliment of vegetables: at the same time it is notorious that -various matters, such as manures, earths, &c., greatly facilitate -the growth of plants; but these matters produce this -effect either by supplying a greater quantity of carbonic acid, -or by acting in a manner similar to condiments; for in the -same way as spices taken into the stomach along with food -invigorate the digestive power, so do many minerals, when -absorbed by the roots, operate in promoting the nutrition of -vegetables.</p> - -<p>The chemical composition of the ascending sap is chiefly a -solution of sugar and gum in water. In the northern states -of America, sugar in large quantities is obtained from some -species of maple, principally the sugar maple and swamp maple -of Canada, by boring the stem, collecting the ascending -sap which flows from the wound, and evaporating away its -watery portions. It is an interesting question, from whence -proceed the sugar and gum contained in this ascending sap? -The only satisfactory reply to this question is, that these substances -become formed out of the water and carbonic acid -absorbed from the soil; but this is a transformation which -cannot be effected by the most expert chemist, so that we -find in this, as in many other instances, a living body is a -laboratory in which Nature executes changes far transcending -the loftiest efforts of man’s ingenuity.</p> - -<p>The part of the vegetable through which the sap ascends can -be easily shown in any of the ordinary trees of this country. -If a branch from a currant shrub be placed with its inferior -and newly cut surface immersed at first in a solution of green -vitriol and afterwards in an infusion of nutgalls, the course -through which these fluids ascend may be traced by the black -colour produced by their mixture; for every one knows that -a mixture of green vitriol and nutgalls produces ink, and in -the experiment just described, the solutions of these substances -following each other in their ascent, inscribe in a manner on -the interior of the branch the path which they successively -pursued. This course will be found to exist between the bark -and the pith, these parts being quite unchanged, while the intermediate -portion of wood will be deeply coloured.</p> - -<p>The causes which produce the ascent of the sap are of a very -powerful nature. The celebrated Hales ascertained that a vine -branch, in a few days, sucked up water with a force equal to -the weight of sixteen pounds on the square inch: this was a -power greater than atmospheric pressure; and when it is recollected -that the pressure of the atmosphere is capable of -lifting thirty-three or thirty-four feet of water in a common -pump, some estimate may be formed of the force with which -the sap ascends. This ascent appears to be produced by the -influence of two causes: the one, a quality peculiar to living -beings, by which the buds in common with all growing organs -are capable of attracting or sucking towards them the juices -necessary for their nutrition; and in agreement with this, the -sap is found to ascend in the first instance near the buds: the -other, a general property of all matter which has been but -lately discovered. This latter property, which has been called -endosmose, is found to operate when two fluids of different densities -are separated by a membrane. Under these circumstances, -and in obedience to an attraction for each other, -both fluids pass through the membrane, and mix together; -but the denser and thicker fluid finding a greater difficulty to -penetrate the membrane than the lighter and thinner, consequently -passes through in less quantity. To illustrate this, -let us suppose a bladder containing a little syrup, and placed -in a vessel of water, and we will have the conditions necessary -for endosmose: the syrup and water will both pass through -the bladder in opposite directions, but a greater quantity of -water will pass into the syrup, than of the latter into the -water. It will be evident to the reader that this excess of -thin liquid passing into the denser will constitute a force or -power which will require an equal force to neutralise it; and -it has been ascertained that the tendency of water to penetrate -a membrane for the purpose of mixing with a syrup of -once and a third its own specific weight, required a force -equal to sixty-three pounds on the square inch to overcome it. -Now, a plant growing in the ground is similarly circumstanced -to the bladder in this experiment: its roots furnished -with extremities of spongy membrane are interposed between -thin water and carbonic acid externally, and a syrupy solution -of sugar and gum internally. Now, under those circumstances -we need not be surprised if an endosmose should operate, -abundantly sufficient to elevate the sap with a force even -greater than that determined by Hales.</p> - -<p>The use of the ascending sap in the vegetable economy is -the last subject which we shall consider in this article. On a -future occasion we shall endeavour to show that it is out of -the ascending sap that the descending or elaborated sap is -chiefly formed; but besides this utility of the ascending sap, -as the source of the descending sap, the former has special -functions of its own to perform. If we inquire what period of -the year is the ascending sap in greatest quantity, we shall -find it to be during the spring season. Now, this is the time -when the buds become pushed out into branches, and the young -leaves peep forth: the roots also during this season increase -in thickness. Another means which we possess of ascertaining -the uses of this sap, is by protecting plants from the influence -of light: in total darkness no elaborated sap is ever -formed; therefore, whatever vegetation may then take place, -must be solely at the expense of the ascending sap. Under such<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span> -circumstances the plant becomes very succulent, its stems -grow to a great length, no vegetable fibre can be detected in -its substance, its colour is blanched, it possesses no bitter or -aromatic properties, and it does not develope flowers. Potatoes -growing in a dark cellar, or celery protected from the -light, by earth heaped around its foot-stalks, will afford -familiar examples. These considerations lead us to the belief -that out of the ascending sap is formed the fleshy part of -vegetables, which, by its production, increases the length of -the stem, and the thickness of the roots. In our next article -we will describe the most remarkable properties of the ascending -sap.</p> - -<p class="right">T. A.</p> - -<h2 class="gap4">MEN OF GENIUS.</h2> - -<p>Have any of our friends any persons of this description -amongst the young men of their acquaintance? We think -they must, for they are very plentiful: they are to be found -every where. We ourselves know somewhere about half a -dozen of one kind or other; and it is of these different kinds -we purpose here to speak.</p> - -<p>Before doing this, however, let us remark, that the sort of -geniuses to whom we allude are to be found amongst young -men only: for, generally speaking, it is only while men <em>are</em> -young that they are subject to the delusion of supposing themselves -geniuses. As they advance in life, they begin to suspect -that there has been some mistake in the matter. A few -years more, and they become convinced of it; when, wisely -dropping all pretensions to the character, they step quietly -back into the ranks amongst their fellows.</p> - -<p>It is true that some old fools, especially amongst the poetical -tribe, continue to cling to the unhappy belief of their being -gifted, and go on writing maudlin rhymes to the end of the -chapter. But most men become in time alive to the real state -of the case, and, willingly resigning the gift of genius, are -thankful to find that they have common sense.</p> - -<p>While under the hallucination alluded to, however, the sort -of geniuses of whom we speak are rather amusing subjects of -study. We have known a great many of them in our day, and -have found that they resolve themselves into distinct classes, -such classes being formed by certain differing characteristics -and pretensions: the individuals of each class, however, presenting -in their peculiarities a striking resemblance to each -other.</p> - -<p>First comes, at any rate in such order shall we take them, -the Poetical Genius. This is a poor, bleached-faced thing, with -a simpering, self-satisfied countenance, an effeminate air and -manner, and of insufferable conceit. It is an insolent creature -too, for it treats you and everybody with the most profound -contempt. Its calm, confident smirk, and lack-a-daisical -look, are amongst the most provoking things in nature, -and always inspire you with a violent desire to kick it out of -your presence.</p> - -<p>The poetical genius is by far the most useless of the whole -tribe of geniuses. Wrapt up in his misty, maudlin dreams of -cerulean heavens, and daisied meads, and purling rills, he is -totally unfitted for the ordinary business of ordinary life. He -is besides not unfrequently a little deranged in his upper -works. Having heard, or having of himself imbibed a notion, -that madness and genius are allied, he, although of perfectly -sane mind originally, takes to raving, to staring wildly about -him, and to practising various of the other extravagances of -insanity, till he becomes actually half cracked: some of them -indeed get stark staring mad.</p> - -<p>The poetical genius is addicted to tea parties, and to -writing in albums. He also much affects the society of -tabbies: for of all his admirers he finds them the most liberal -and indiscriminate in their praise. These good creatures -drench him with weak tea, and he in return doses them with -still weaker poetry. This is the class that supplies the newspapers -with the article just named, at least so named by -courtesy, figuring therein as J. F.’s and P. D.’s, &c.</p> - -<p>The next class of geniuses which we propose to consider, is -the Oratorical Genius. This person labours under the delusion -of supposing himself a second Demosthenes. He is a -great frequenter of debating societies, and other similar associations, -where he makes long, prosy, unintelligible speeches—speeches -full of mist and moonshine, in which no human being -can discover the slightest trace of drift or purpose. These -frothy, bubble-and-squeak orations the young gentleman prepares -at home, fitting himself and them for public exhibition -by raving and ranting them over in his own room, to the great -annoyance of his neighbours.</p> - -<p>These speeches, when they do not produce nausea, which -they are very apt to do, or at least a disagreeable feeling of -squeamishness, are powerful soporifics, and, possessing this -quality, would be rather grateful than otherwise, if one were -in bed when within hearing of them; but unhappily this pleasant -effect is neutralised by the roaring and stamping that -accompanies their delivery: so that this sort of orator is in -reality a positive nuisance.</p> - -<p>The oratorical genius is nearly, if not every bit, as conceited -as the poetical genius. He has the same provoking, -self-satisfied simper, and is in other respects a still greater -bore, for his forensic habits and practices, without furnishing -him with a single additional idea, have given him an unhappy -fluency of speech, which he himself mistakes for eloquence, -and with which he mercilessly inundates every one whom he -can get beneath the spout of his oratorical pump. Every -thing he says to you is said in set phrase—in the stiff, formal, -affected language of the debating society. His remarks on -the most ordinary subjects are all regular built speeches—dull, -long-winded, prosy things, smelling strong of the forum.</p> - -<p>We know a speculative or debating society man the moment -he opens his mouth. We know him by his studied, prolix -phraseology, and much, much do we dread him, for of all -earthly bores he is the most intolerable. To be obliged to -listen to his maudlin philosophy and misty metaphysics—for -they are all to a man philosophers or metaphysicians—is -about one of the most distressing inflictions we know.</p> - -<p>The next genius on our list is the Universal Genius, perhaps -the most amusing of the whole fraternity. This gentleman, -although perfectly satisfied that he is a genius, and a -very great genius too, does not know himself precisely in what -he excels. He has no definite ideas on the subject, and in this -respect is rather at a loss. But he enjoys a delightful consciousness -of a capacity that would enable him to surpass in -anything to which he might choose to devote himself, and that -in fact he does surpass in everything. His pretensions therefore -rest on a very broad basis, and embrace all human attainments. -He is in short a universal genius. This gentleman -is very apt to assume peculiarities in dress and exterior -appearance, to wear odd things in an odd way, and to sport -a few eccentricities because he has heard or imagines that all -geniuses are eccentric. These are common and favourite expedients -with the would-be genius, who moreover frequently -adds dissipation to his distinguishing characteristics, it being -a pretty general notion that genius is drunken, and of a wild -and irregular life.</p> - -<p>To make out this character, then, the universal genius -takes to breaking the public lamps, wrenching off bell-handles, -kicking up rows in taverns with the waiters and others, -and on the streets with the police; gets his head broken and -his eyes blackened; keeps late hours, and goes home drunk -every night; and thus becomes a genius of the first order. -This sort of genius, we have observed, is much addicted to -wearing odd sorts of head-dresses, fantastic caps all befurred -and betasselled, and moreover greatly affects the bare throat, -or wearing only an apology for a neckcloth, with shirt-collar -turned down—in this aiming at a fine wild brigandish sort of -look and appearance, much coveted by geniuses of a certain -order.</p> - -<p>Nature, however, does not always favour those ambitious -attempts at the bold and romantic, for we often find them associated -with snub noses, lantern jaws, and the most stupid -and unmeaning countenances, that express anything but a -consonance of character with pretension. We have known -geniuses of this kind—the bare-necked and turned-down-collared—set -up for romantic desperadoes on the strength of a -hairy throat and a pair of bushy whiskers.</p> - -<p>The great class of universal geniuses now under consideration -may, on close inspection, be found to subdivide itself -into several minor classes, including the Sublime Genius, the -Solemn Genius, and another tribe which has hitherto been, we -rather think, without a name, but which we shall take the -liberty of calling the Dirty Genius. This is a curious species -of the race. The dirty genius delights in unkempt locks, -which he not only allows but encourages to hang about his -face and behind on his coat collar, in large tangled filthy -looking masses. He delighteth also in an unwashed face, in -dirty linen, and in a general slovenliness and shabbiness of -apparel. The pretensions of this genius are very high; for -he affects to be superior to all the common observances of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span> -civilised life; its courtesies and amenities he holds in the -most sovereign contempt; despises soap and water, and rises -proudly above white stockings and clean shirts.</p> - -<p>There are several other descriptions of geniuses, on each of -which we could say an edifying word or two, but reserve them -for another occasion.</p> - -<p class="right">C.</p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Anecdote of the late Mr Bradbury, the celebrated -Clown.</span>—In the year 1814, when Mr Bradbury was -in the heyday of his popularity, he lodged in Portsmouth, in -the well-known and elegant establishment called the Crown -Hotel, then kept by a Mr Hanna, where a number of the fashionable -and gay daily resorted. It happened at a dinner -party where a considerable number were present, Mr Bradbury -introduced a most splendid gold snuff-box which had -been shortly before presented to him by the members of a convivial -club to which he belonged, in token of their estimation -of him as a convivial friend and of his talents in his line of -acting, which qualities he was known to possess in a very -high degree. This box he highly prized, and it was sent -round the table and admired by all. After some time, however, -it was found not to be forthcoming. Every one stared—no -one had it—all had seen it the moment before, but could -not tell what could possibly have become of it. In vain the -owner entreated every gentleman to search his pocket, as some -one might have taken it inadvertently. All tried without success. -After remaining an hour in the greatest anxiety, in -which the company seemed to participate, they separated. -Mr Bradbury consulted some of his friends on this very unpleasant -business, who advised him to send for a Bow Street -officer, who might from his habits be able to suggest some -means of detection. This advice was instantly followed, and -Rivett, the well-known peace-officer, was sent for. The same -company met next day at dinner, and the most anxious inquiries -were made by all for the box, but still no account of -it. Amongst the company was a Captain C——, who was -aide-de-camp to General Leake, who was then going out to -India, and waiting for the first fair wind. This gentleman -was the first to quit the room after dinner, and by a preconcerted -arrangement was followed into his bedroom by Rivett, -who was waiting outside. Mr Bradbury also followed; and -it was immediately communicated to Captain C—— that he -must submit to a search, a warrant for that purpose having -been obtained against every gentleman in the room. This -was instantly submitted to in the most cheerful manner by -Captain C——, who invited them to make it, and expressed -great satisfaction at such a course as the only means of detection; -but he could not bring himself to believe that any -gentleman could be guilty of so infamous an act except through -inadvertence. After his trunk and dressing-case had been -searched, he hoped they were perfectly satisfied of his integrity -in the business. Rivett, however, observed that as far -the search was made, he was satisfied that all was correct, -and nothing now remained but to search his person. These -words were scarcely uttered when he was observed to change -colour and stagger; a smothered groan escaped him, and he -fell back in a chair; and in a state scarcely conscious of existence, -the box was taken from his pocket. He remained in -this state of stupor for a few moments, whilst Bradbury and -the peace-officer stood looking at each other, scarcely believing -the evidence of their senses; and recovering himself a -little, he stood up, gazed wildly at one and then at the other, -and gasping with the intensity of his feelings, he rushed to -his dressing-table, and like lightning drew a razor across his -throat. Surgical assistance being on the spot, the wound was -first pronounced not to be mortal. The effect of the scene—the -look of the man—his maniac look, and the act or desperation -accompanying it—his rank in life, and every circumstance -connected with it, had such an effect on poor Bradbury that -he lost his reason, and did not recover it for a year afterwards. -The matter could not be kept a secret. The truly -unfortunate and miserable Captain C—— of course lost his -commission, and it is not known what afterwards became of -him. There was, however, no prosecution. The punishment -was sufficient.</p> - -<p class="right">W. E.</p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Elevation of the Mind.</span>—Lofty elevation of mind does -not make one indifferent to the wants and sufferings of those -who are below him: on the contrary, as the rarified air of -mountains makes distant objects seem nearer, so are all his -fellow-beings brought nearer to the heart of him who looks -upon them from the height of his wisdom.</p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Napoleon after Death.</span>—Death had marvellously improved -the appearance of Napoleon, and every one exclaimed, -when the face was exposed, “How very beautiful!” for all present -acknowledged that they had never seen a finer or more -regular and placid countenance. The beauty of the delicate -Italian features was of the highest kind; whilst the exquisite -serenity of their expression was in the most striking contrast -with the recollections of his great actions, impetuous character, -and turbulent life. As during his eventful career there was -much of the mysterious and inscrutable about him, even after -death Napoleon’s inanimate remains continued a puzzle and a -mystery: for, notwithstanding his great sufferings and the -usual emaciating effects of the malady that destroyed him, the -body was found enormously fat. The frame was as unsusceptible -of material disintegration as the spirit was indomitable. -Over the sternum, or breast bone, which is generally only -thinly covered, there was a coat of fat an inch and a half thick; -and on the abdomen two inches, whilst the omentum, kidneys, -and heart, were loaded with fat. The last organ was remarkably -small, and the muscle flabby, in contradiction to our ideal -associations, and in proof of the seeming paradox, that it is -possible to be a very great man with a very little heart. -Much anxiety was felt at the time to ascertain the disease of -which Bonaparte died. Mr O’Meara had represented the -liver as the faulty organ, and this has been echoed by Antommarchi; -though, as we have said before, the illustrious sufferer -himself, with better judgment, referred the mischief to the -stomach, as its seat and source; and he was perfectly right, -as the event proved. This organ was found most extensively -disorganised: in fact, it was ulcerated all over like a honeycomb. -The focus of the disease was exactly the spot pointed -out by Napoleon—the pylorus, or lower end where the intestines -begin. At this place I put my finger into a hole, made -by an ulcer, that had eaten through the stomach, but which -was stopped by a slight adhesion to the adjacent liver. After -all, the liver was free from disease, and every organ sound except -the stomach. Several peculiarities were noticed about -the body. He appeared at some time to have had an issue -open in the arm, and there was a slight mark, like a wound, -in the leg, but which might have been caused by a suppurating -boil. The chest was not ample, and there was something of -feminine delicacy in the roundness of the arms and the smallness -of the hands and feet. The head was large in proportion -to the body, with a fine, massy, capacious forehead. In -other respects there were no remarkable developements for -the gratification of phrenologists. The diseased state of the -stomach was palpably and demonstrably the cause of death; -and how Napoleon could have existed for any time with such -an organ, was wonderful, for there was not an inch of it sound.—<cite>Biography -of a Surgeon.</cite></p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">The March of Magniloquence</span>—Is “onward” like the -prosperity of your two-and-sixpenny republic in Central America. -We [the Americans] are becoming so great, that it is -very much to be feared we shall lose all our standards of -commerce. Having nothing <em>little</em>, we don’t see how the deuce -we shall be able to express a diminutive. Our miniature will -all become magnitude, and it is difficult for us to see our way -clearly in the world. Our insects will grow into elephants, -and for aught we see we shall have to speak of the gnat as a -large monster, and the honey-bee have to be described as a -beast of prey. “I does business in this <em>store</em>,” was the remark -made the other day by a dealer in crab apples, as he -crawled out of a refuse molasses-hogshead with his peck basket -of merchandise. The skippers of the Long Island clam-boats -all call each other <em>captains</em>; and we lately heard a city -scavenger complaining to another gentleman in the same line -of business, that his <em>town house</em> had been endangered during a -recent conflagration: a mischievous cracker-boy had thrown -one of his flaming missiles into the segment of a cellar occupied -by the complainant and his family. Mr Mark Anthony -Potts told us the other day that he had made arrangements -for extending his <em>business</em>. He has taken the superintendence -of two coal carts, having heretofore shovelled for but one. -Nobody thinks nowadays of calling the conductor of a mud -cart on the railroad by any less dignified title than <em>an agent</em>. -The vender of apple-jack on a dilapidated cellar-door upon -the North river, is a <em>merchant</em>; and the fourth-rate victualler -along the wharves, who manages to rent half of a broken-down -cobbler’s stall, <em>keeps a public house</em>!</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Printed and published every Saturday by GUNN and CAMERON, No. 6, -Church Lane, College Green, Dublin; and sold by all Booksellers.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. -19, November 7, 1840, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, NOV 7, 1840 *** - -***** This file should be named 54297-h.htm or 54297-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/2/9/54297/ - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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