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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dcf92bf --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #54281 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/54281) diff --git a/old/54281-8.txt b/old/54281-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index c32bdc0..0000000 --- a/old/54281-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9773 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Voiage and Travayle of Sir John -Maundeville Knight, by John Maundeville and John Ashton - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: The Voiage and Travayle of Sir John Maundeville Knight - Which treateth of the way towards Hierusalem and of - marvayles of Inde with other ilands and countreys - -Author: John Maundeville - John Ashton - -Release Date: March 5, 2017 [EBook #54281] -[Last updated: September 22, 2021] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR JOHN MAUNDEVILLE KNIGHT *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Lesley Halamek, Stephen Rowland -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - -[Decoration] - - -THE VOIAGE AND TRAVAYLE OF SIR JOHN MAUNDEVILLE, KNIGHT. - - -[Decoration] - - - - - THE VOIAGE AND TRAVAYLE - OF - SIR JOHN MAUNDEVILLE - KNIGHT - - WHICH TREATETH OF THE WAY TOWARD HIERUSALEM - AND OF MARVAYLES OF INDE WITH OTHER - ILANDS AND COUNTREYS - - - _EDITED, ANNOTATED, AND ILLUSTRATED IN FACSIMILE_ - - BY - - JOHN ASHTON - - _Author of "Chap Books of the 18th Century," "Social - Life in the Reign of Queen Anne," "English Caricature and - Satire on Napoleon I.," &c._ - - [Illustration: Logo] - - LONDON - - PICKERING & CHATTO - 66, HAYMARKET - - 1887 - - - CHISWICK PRESS:--C. WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS COURT, - CHANCERY LANE. - - -[Decoration] - - - - -PREFACE. - - -I HAVE edited, and illustrated "The Voiage and Travayle of Syr John -Maundeville, Knight," for two reasons. First, that a popular edition -has not been published for many years--so much so, that many otherwise -well educated people hardly know his name; or, if they do, have never -read his book of Marvels. Secondly, a good edition has not yet been -published. Putting aside the chap-books of the eighteenth century, -which could only cram a small portion of his book into their little -duodecimos, the only English versions of this century are the reprint -by Halliwell, in 1839, of the _reprint_ in 1725-1727, of the early -fifteenth century MS. (Cotton, Tit. c. 16), which he again reprinted -in 1866,[1] the edition in "Bohn's Classical Library" ("Early Travels -in Palestine"), 1848; and "The English Explorers," which forms part -of Nimmo's "National Library," 1875. There was also a small edition -published in Cassell's "National Library" in 1886 in modern English. - -Halliwell's reprint of the Cotton MS. is open to objection, because -the language of the MS. is specially rude, and can only be understood -by professed antiquaries, no footnotes explanatory of the text being -given, only a glossary at the end of the book. Also, Mr. Halliwell has -taken his illustrations from various sources, not confining himself to -English woodcuts--the Cotton MS. having no illustrations. If, however, -the language in Halliwell's edition is too archaic, Bohn and Nimmo -err in the opposite direction. Without illustrations, and clothed in -modern English, they are bald in the extreme; whilst the editors of -both have not been over careful to closely copy the text. - -Seeing these difficulties, and dearly loving Sir John, in spite of his -romancing, I cast about for a book which should fulfil the conditions -of an edition I should like for my own reading; which should have the -spice of the old language, without being unreadable, like the Cotton -MS., and which contained the original quaint illustrations. This -I have found in a reprint of Pynson's unique edition (now in the -Grenville Library, British Museum), from which it varies very -slightly, except in the modernizing of the language, which is rather -an advantage; and which, by means of the copious footnotes I have -made, will, I hope, be easily read by anybody. - -This edition, too, was particularly rich in woodcuts, which I have -faithfully facsimiled; and, in the Appendix, I have reproduced a few -from other editions, showing the different treatment of some subjects. -In the Appendix, also, I have given a list of all the editions of Sir -John Mandeville's Travels now in the British Museum. A glance at this -will show how popular his book was, in all civilized countries, and -in all ages, since its first publication.[2] I have thought that an -edition should be produced which could be read by all, and therefore -have given explanations of words and facts, perfectly familiar to -advanced students, by means of which they will not be inconvenienced, -and the general reader much benefited. - -Perhaps the Illustrations in one or two of the early foreign editions -are quainter, but I wanted, and have got, a thoroughly representative -_English_ Edition, which gives Sir John's adventures, with their -concomitant "Travellers' Tales," without the apocryphal stories which -were introduced into some of the MSS. and foreign editions. - -Of East, the printer of the exemplar I have chosen, very little is -known; and, curiously, he is ignored in Herbert and Dibdin's edition -of _Ames' Typographical Antiquities_. According to Ames, he was made -free of the Stationers' Company 3rd December, 1565, and he gives his -first known printed book as 1569, or a year later than the book I have -copied. East, according to the same authority, was granted a patent -for ruled paper for music, and worked both for Bird and Tallis. -The date of his death does not seem to be known, but his widow, or -daughter, printed a book of Bird's music in 1610. - - JNO. ASHTON. - - - [Footnote 1: This has again been reprinted in 1884.] - - [Footnote 2: Colonel Yule, in "The Book of Ser Marco Polo," - &c. (1871), says:--"And from the great frequency with which - one encounters in catalogues both MSS. and early printed - editions of Sir John Maundeville, I should suppose that - the lying wonders of our English knight had a far greater - popularity and more extensive diffusion than the veracious - and more sober marvels of Polo. In Quaritch's last catalogue - (November, 1870) there is only one _old_ edition of Polo; - there are nine of Maundeville. In 1839 there were nineteen - MSS. of the latter _catalogued_ in the British Museum Library. - There are _now_ only five of Marco Polo. At least twenty-five - editions of Maundeville, and only five of Polo were printed in - the fifteenth century."] - - -[Decoration] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -I KNOW of nothing more likely to be provocative of a literary war -than the question of Sir John Mandeville's personal entity. Were I to -express an opinion either way--that he was a real being, or that he -never existed--fierce would be the criticism on my views, and much -good ink be spilt, which might well be devoted to a better purpose, -so that I prefer letting the reader form his own opinion thereon,--a -course which will save everybody any trouble or vexation of spirit. - -We labour under this difficulty--all that is known about him is what -he tells us himself, and no one who reads the book can altogether -trust his absolute verity. If his book is a mere compilation from -other sources, so then is that of Odorico (who died January, 1331), -which I place in an Appendix, and which agrees with Mandeville in -so many particulars, that one might reasonably suppose him to be the -"fellawe," or companion, whom he frequently mentions, and connect him -with that Minorite friar from Lombardy (for Odorico was born at Udine -or Friuli) who shrove them before their entrance into "y^e Valey of -Divels."[1] According to his own account, he was a knight, that he was -born at St. Albans, and that he left England on his wonderful voyage -on 29th September, 1322. He informs us that he travelled through Asia -Minor, Armenia, Tartary, Persia, Syria, Arabia, Upper and Lower Egypt, -Libya, Chaldæa, a large portion of Ethiopia, Amazonia, Lower India, -and the greater part of Upper India, together with the neighbouring -islands. If his narrative can be trusted, he lived in most friendly -relations with the ruler of Egypt, whom he served in his war against -the Bedouins, and was on such familiar terms that they would privately -argue on religious topics, and he was even offered a richly dowered -princess as a wife, if he would but change his creed, and become a -Mahometan. If he can be believed, he wandered all over the then known -world, and gratified his military instincts by helping the Emperor -of China in his war against the sovereign of Manzi. He tells us that -after thirty-four years of wandering and exile he returned to England, -taking Rome in his way home, in order to get the Pope's Imprimatur to -his book, for which he naïvely gives as reason: "and, for as much as -many men beleve not that they see with theyr eyen, or y^t they may -conceiue & know in their mynde, therefore I made my way to Rome in -my coming homewarde, to shew my boke to the holy father the pope, and -tell him of the mervayles y^t I had sene in diverse countreys; so that -he with his wise counsel wold examine it, with diverse folke y^t are -at Rome, for there dwell men of all nations of the world, and a lytle -time after whan he & his co[~u]sel had examined it all through, he -sayde to me for a certayne that it was true, for he sayd he had a -boke of latin contayning all that, and much more, of y^e which _Mappa -Mundi_ is made, the which boke I saw, & therefore the pope hath -ratyfied & confirmed my boke in all poyntes." If any portion of this -is true, it is probable that the "boke of latin" may have been Pliny, -Solinus, or some other equally veracious writer. - -As to the "Mappa Mundi" constructed from such sources, that at -Hereford may be taken as a type of ideal geography of the time. This -was almost contemporary with Mandeville, and is ascribed to the very -early part of the fourteenth century. Indeed, it can be proved to -be of this date, for, among other inscriptions on the map, is the -following:- - - "Tuz Ki cest estoire ont. - Ou oyront ou lirront ou veront. - Prieut a ihesu su deyte. - De Richard de Haldingdam e de Lafford eyt pite. - Ki lat fet e compasse. - Ki ioie eu cel li seit donc." - -Which may be thus translated:-- - - "All who have, or shall have, or shall read, or shall see this - history--pray to Jesu in deity (or as God) that he may have - pity on Richard of Haldingham and of Lafford, who has made and - contrived it, that joy in heaven may be given unto him." - -Richard of Haldingham, or Holdingham, whose real name was Richard -de la Battayle, or de Bello,[2] held the prebend of Lafford (now -Sleaford), in Lincoln Cathedral up to the year 1283, and afterwards -held the prebend of Norton, in Hereford Cathedral. Hardy, in his -edition of Le Neve's _Fasti Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ_, says he was -appointed to this stall in 1305. He was afterwards preferred to the -Archidiaconate of Berkshire. Perhaps the best description of this -map is in a paper read before the Geographical Society of Paris, -30th November, 1861, by M. D'Avezac, President of the Society, a -translation of which may be found in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of -May, 1863. He considers it to have been executed early in the year -1314, because Lyons was not annexed to France till the 30th of April, -1313, and gives other reasons, equally strong, in support of his -argument. - -Thus, then, we have a contemporary map as a guide, and on -this Hereford map are portrayed all the monsters described by -Mandeville--the one-eyed men, those with their heads in their breasts, -even the big-footed one-legged man--all those things which are -regarded as fable in Mandeville--are here drawn, and evidently must -have been currently believed in. So that when Mandeville, or some -subsequent editor, challenged the _Mappa Mundi_ as confirmatory -evidence, he clearly knew what he was about. - -A strong presumption of his personal being is drawn from the fact that -Liège is said to be the place of his burial, _see Appendix Harl._, -3589. 2, "qui obiit Leodii A.D. 1382." That he was believed to have -lived at Liège is also shown in _Appendix Grenville_, 6728/3, where he -is said to have written his book in the year 1355; and if Weever[3] -is to believed, he died there, but at an earlier date, namely, 1371. -Speaking of St. Albans, he says: "This Towne vaunts her selfe very -much of the birth and buriall of _Sir Iohn Mandeuill_ Knight, the -famous Trauailer, who writ in Latine, French, and in the English -tongue, his Itinerary of three and thirty yeares. And that you may -beleeue the report of the Inhabitants to bee true, they haue lately -pensild a rare piece of Poetry, or an Epitaph for him, vpon a piller; -neere to which, they suppose his body to haue beene buried, which I -think not much amisse to set downe; for although it will not bee worth -the reading, yet do but set it to some lofty tune, as to the _Hunting -of Antichrist_, or the leke, I know it will be well worth the singing: -marke how it runs. - - "'All yee that passe, on this pillar cast eye, - This Epitaph read if you can; - 'Twill tell you a Tombe onc't stood in this roome, - Of a braue spirited man. - _Iohn Mandeuill_ by name, a knight of great fame, - Borne in this honoured Towne. - Before him was none that euer was knowne, - For trauaile of so high renowne. - As the Knights in the Temple, crosse-legged in marble, - In armour, with sword and with sheeld, - So was this Knight grac't, which time hath defac't, - That nothing but ruines doth yeeld. - His Trauailes being donne, he shines like the Sun, - In heauenly Canaan. - To which blessed place, O Lord of his grace - Bring vs all man after man.' - -"That he was borne heere in this Towne I cannot much deny; but I am -sure that within these few yeares, I saw his Tombe in the Citie of -Leege, within the Church of the religious house of the _Guilliammits_, -with this Inscription vpon it, and the verses following hanging by on -a table. - -"_Hic iacet vir nobilis D. Ioannes de Mandevile, Al;[4] D. ad Barbam -miles; Dominus de Campdi: natus de Anglia, Medicine professor, -deuotissimus orator: et bonorum largissimus pauperibus erogator qui -toto quasi orbe lustrato. Leodij diem vite sue clausit extremum. Ann. -Dom. M.C.C.C.lxxi. Mens. Nouemb. die xvi._ - - -_ALIUD._ - - "'_Hoc iacet in tumulo, cui totus patria vino - Orbis erat; totum quem peragrasse ferunt. - Anglus Equesque fuit, nunc ille Britannus Vlysses - Dicatur, Graio clarus Vlysse magis._ - - _Moribus, ingenio, candore, & sanguine clarus - Et vere cultor Relligionis erat. - Nomen si queras, est Mandevil, Indus, Arabsque - Sat notum dicet finibus esse suis._' - -"The Churchmen will shew you here his kniues, the furniture of his -horse, and his spurres, which he vsed in his trauells." - -Thus speaks Weever, and nobody doubts but that there was a tomb of -a Jehan de Maundeville in the Abbey of the Guilelmites,[5] which is -mentioned by Bollandus in his _Acta Sanctorum_ (Februarius, Tom. 2, -p. 481, edit. 1658) as "Domus de Motta extra Leodium, inchoata, anno -CI[C]CCLXXXI." The abbey, or hospital, is now destroyed; but, as -side proofs, let me give two extracts from different works of the -eighteenth century. One, "Abrégé curieux et nouveau de l'histoire de -Liege," &c. (no date), 24mo., p. 117. "L'Hôpital & la Chapelle de S. -Guilleaume aux Faux-bourgs de S. Walburge furent fondez l'an 1330," -and in "Abrégé Chronologique de l'histoire de Liege, jusqu'a l'année -1784, &c." Liege, 1784, 12mo., p. 66. It says, "L'hôpital & la -chapelle de Saint Guillaume au fauxbourg de Sainte Walburge furent -fondés l'an 1330." - -As I said before, regarding Mandeville it must be a question of faith. -If Weever is to be relied on, he was a physician, and from the fact -of his wearing a beard, probably acquired in his eastern travels, he -received the sobriquet of "ad Barbam." This title, however, is claimed -for a certain "Jehan de Bourgoigne dit à la Barbe," but the bare fact -of anyone wearing a beard in France, in the clean-shaven fourteenth -century, was sufficient to make him remarkable. - -If, again, Weever and others are to be relied on, he died in 1371, and -it is a curious fact that the earliest French, or Romance, manuscript -known in this country is one of that date, and, moreover, it is -circumstantially dated, as will be shown hereafter. This MS. is in the -Earl of Ashburnham's collection (catalogued Barrois 24), which every -lover of literature will regret was not secured for the nation in its -entirety. Its text is most beautiful, and the few illuminations -are fine examples of fourteenth century French art. But what I -want particularly to point out, is the curious coincidence of -dates--absolutely contemporaneous. Whether there were any MSS. -published before then I cannot tell, but here is a book published the -year of his death, when inquiry would have proved easily whether such -a man had ever lived, but the whole style of the MS. shows that he was -well known as a traveller, and it is evidently copied from an earlier -edition, as at the end it says, "Ce livre cy fist escrire honorables -homes sages et discret maistre Gervaise crestien, maistre en medicine, -et premier phisicien de tres puissant noble et excellent prince -Charles, par la Grace de Dieu, roy de France, Escript par Raoulet -dorliens lan de grace mil ccclxxj le xviij jour de Septembre." - -Here we have an authentic date, which there could be no earthly reason -to falsify, and this MS. was written--unless Weever and others are -liars--during the man's lifetime. For, according to their authority, -he did not die until _November_ of that year, and we must not fail to -remember that Liege was not a very far cry from Paris, and that his -fame must have been great, or his book would never have been written -as a present for the king, as it probably was. - -This manuscript, being the earliest known, is also useful in another -way. By some singular chance, all the English versions make out -that Mandeville wrote his book first in Latin, then in French, and -afterwards in English. But this manuscript settles the point, as it -says, "Et sachies [~q] je eusse cest livret mis en latin pour -plus briefment deviser. Mais pour ce que pluseurs entendent mieulx -ro[~m]ant que latin je lay mis en ro[~m]ant par quoy [~q] chacun -lentende." Which I translate: "And know that I should (or might) have -written this book in Latin, for the sake of brevity. But, because more -people know the Romance (or French) tongue, than Latin, I have written -it in Romance, so that anyone may understand it." And this translation -is endorsed by E. M. Thompson, Esq., the head of the MS. department -in the British Museum. It all depends on the words "je eusse." They -do not mean _I had_; and, even in modern French, might be used for _I -should have_, although of course _j'aurais_ would be better. - -For many years he has been called the "father of English Prose," but -this title, after the above, is doubtful, even if his existence is -granted, and belongs of right to Wyclif. - -Another book, and a very rare and curious one it is, is attributed to -Mandeville. There is a copy of this book in the British Museum (C. 27, -f. 2), which, although in Gothic letter, gives no clue as to its date, -or place of birth, nor do any of the bibliographical authorities which -I have consulted (and they are all that can be found in the British -Museum) throw any light upon it. The museum authorities catalogue it -as _Lyons? 1530?_ Its title is "LE LAPIDAIRE _en francoys compose -par messire Jehan de mandeuille chevalier_." Its contents are of -little worth, except that they contain a store of legendary lore -relating to precious stones, such as are met with in most medieval -treatises on jewels and it winds up with a prayer. The authorship of -this book, too, must be a matter of faith, since it has nothing to -guarantee it but its title-page. - -It is somewhat singular too, that the Latin letter supposed to be -written by Mandeville to King Edward the Third, and which is _apropos_ -of nothing, only exists in the French edition. - -In the appended Travels of Oderico, the Minorite Friar, I have -italicized many of the passages which are identical with Mandeville's -description in order that the reader may have easier reference. - - - [Footnote 1: "And there were in our company two friers minours - of Lombardy, & sayd, if any of us wold go in, they wold also, - as they had sayd so, and upon trust of them we sayd that we - wold go, & we dyd sing a masse, and were shriven & houseled, - and we went in xiiii men, and wh[=e] we came out we were but - x."] - - [Footnote 2: Havergal's _Fasti Herefordenses_, p. 161.] - - [Footnote 3: "Ancient Funerall Monuments, &c. Composed by - the Travels and Studie of John Weever." Lond. 1631. It is - exceedingly singular that a book published at Antwerp in 1584, - "The Itinerarium per nonnullas Galliæ Belgicæ partes Abrahami - Ortelii et Joannis Viviani," confirms Weever, in such almost - identical words, that it is not worth while to append a - translation. Ortelius, or Ortell, writes (p. 16):--"_Est - in hac quoq. regione Gulielmitar[~u] C[oe]nobium in quo - epitaphi[~u] hoc Joannis à Mandeuille excepimus_: HIC IACET - VIR NOBILIS D[~NS] JO[~E]S DE MANDEVILLE AL' D[~CV]S AD - BARBAM, MILES D[~NS] DE C[~A]PDI, NATUS DE ANGLIA, MEDICI[~E] - [~P][~F]ESSOR DEVOTISSIMVS ORATOR ET BONORUM LARGISSIMVS - PAUPERIBUS EROGATA QUI TOTO QUASI ORBE LUSTRATO LEODII DIEM - VITE SUE CLAVSIT EXTREMUM [~AN]O D[~NI] M^O CCC^O LXXI MENSIS - NOV[~E]BRE' DIE XVII. - - "_Hæc in lapide, in quo c[oe]lata viri armati imago, leonem - calcantis, barba bifurcata, ad caput manus benedicens, & - vernacula hæc verba_: VOS KI PASEIS SOR MI POVR LAMOVR DEIX - PROIES POR ME. _Clypeus erat vacuus, in quo olim laminam - fuisse dicebant æream, & eius in ea itidem c[oe]lata - insignia, leonem videlicet argenteum, cui ad pectus lunula - rubea, in campo c[oe]ruleo, quem limbus ambiret denticulatus - ex oro. Eius nobis ostendeb[~a]t & cultros, ephippioque, & - calcaria, quibus usum fuisse affereb[~a]t in perigrando toto - fere terrarum orbe, vt clarius eius testatur Itinerarium, quod - typis etiam excusum passim habetur._"] - - [Footnote 4: "Otherwise called the Bearded Knight."] - - [Footnote 5: An order founded by Sir William of Maleval--a - hermit--who died 10th Feb., 1157. The order was somewhat - austere, as the members went barefoot, and their fasts were - almost continual. They have nearly all been absorbed into the - Augustines.] - - -[Decoration] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -THE TABLE. - - - CAP. PAGE - - Preface v - - Introduction ix - - I. He that wyl go toward Hierusalem on horse, on - foote, or by sea 4 - - II. Of the Ilands of Greece 14 - - III. To come againe to Constantinople for to go to the - Holy Land 19 - - IV. Of a terrible dragon 22 - - V. Of a yong man and his lemm[=a] 25 - - VI. Of the maner of hunting in Cipres 27 - - VII. Of the haven named Jaffe 29 - - VIII. Of the haven of Tyre 29 - - IX. Of the Hyll Carme 30 - - X. How Sampson slew the King and his enemies 32 - - XI. The way to Bebilon whereas the Sowdan dwelleth 33 - - XII. Yet here foloweth of the Sowdan & his Kingdomes - that he hath conquered, which he holdeth strongly - with force 35 - - XIII. For to returne fro Sinay to Hierusalem 37 - - XIV. As men are passed this wildernesse againe coming - to Hierusalem 39 - - XV. Here foloweth a little of Adam & Eve and other - things 41 - - XVI. Of the dry tree 43 - - XVII. Fro Bethlehem 44 - - XVIII. Of a fayre mayden that shold be put to death - wrongfully 45 - - XIX. Of the citie of Hierusalem 48 - - XX. Yet of y^e holy citie of Hierusalem 50 - - XXI. Of y^e church of y^e holy sepulchre 55 - - XXII. Of the temple of God 57 - - XXIII. Yet of the temple of God 59 - - XXIV. Of King Herode 64 - - XXV. Of S. Salvatours church 66 - - XXVI. The fielde of Acheldemack which was bought - with y^e xxx p[=e]ce 69 - - XXVII. Of the mount Joye 70 - - XXVIII. Of the castell Berthania 72 - - XXIX. Of Jerico and other things 72 - - XXX. Of the holy place betwene Bethany and from - Jordan, and other things 73 - - XXXI. Of Abram and his Generation 75 - - XXXII. Of the river Jordan 76 - - XXXIII. Of many other marvailes 78 - - XXXIV. Of the Samaritanes 81 - - XXXV. Of Galyle 82 - - XXXVI. Of the way of Nazareth to y^e mount or hyll of - Tabor 84 - - XXXVII. Of the sea of Galyle 85 - - XXXVIII. Of the table whereon Christ eate after his resurrection 85 - - XXXIX. Of straunge maners & divers 87 - - XL. For to turne againe on this side Galile 91 - - XLI. How a man may go furdest and longest in those - countreis as hereafter ben rehersed 93 - - XLII. Of other wayes for to go by lande unto Hierusalem 95 - - XLIII. Yet an other waye by lande toward the lande of - promission 97 - - XLIV. Of the faith of the Sarasins and of the booke of - their law, named Alkaron 99 - - XLV. Yet it treateth more of Mahomet 101 - - XLVI. Of the byrth of Mahomet 104 - - XLVII. Of the yles and divers maner of people and of - marvailous beastes 107 - - XLVIII. Of the haven of Gene, for to go by the Sea into - divers countreys 109 - - XLIX. Of the country of Job, and of the kingdome of - Caldee 115 - - L. Of the kingdome of Amazony whereas dwelleth - none but women 117 - - LI. Of the lande of Ethiope 119 - - LII. Of Inde the more, and Inde y^e lesse, and of - diamonds, and small people and other things 121 - - LIII. Of divers kingdomes and yles which are in the land - of Inde 123 - - LIV. Of the kingdome of Mabar[=o] 130 - - LV. Of a great countrey called Lamozy where the people - go all naked 134 - - LVI. Of the countrey and yle named Jana which is a - mighty land 137 - - LVII. Of the kingdome of Pathen or Salmasse which is - a goodly lande 138 - - LVIII. Of the kingedome of Talonach, the king thereof - hath many wyves 140 - - LIX. Of the ylande called Raso where men be hanged - as sone as they are sicke 143 - - LX. Of the ylande of Melke wherein dwelleth evill people 144 - - LXI. Of an ylande named Macumeran whereas the - people have heads lyke houndes 146 - - LXII. Of a great yland called Dodin wher are many - divers men of evil condicions 149 - - LXIII. Of the kingdome named Mancy, which is the best - kingedome of the world 153 - - LXIV. Of the lande of Pygmeen, wherein dwell but smal - people of three spanne long 156 - - LXV. Of the citie of Menke wher a great navy is 158 - - LXVI. Of the lande named Cathay & of y^e great riches - thereof 158 - - LXVII. Of a great citie named Cadon wherein is the great - Caanes palaice and sege 159 - - LXVIII. Wherfore that the Emperoure of Cathay is called - y^e great Caane 163 - - LXIX. How the great Caane was hid under a tree, and so - escaped his enemies because of a bird 165 - - LXX. Of the great Caanes letters and the writing about - his seale 166 - - LXXI. Of the governaunce of the country of the great - Caane 167 - - LXXII. Of the great riches of y^e Emperour and of his - dispending 170 - - LXXIII. Of the ordinaunce of the Lordes of y^e Emperour - when he rideth from one countrey to an - other to warre 171 - - LXXIV. How the Empyre of the great Caane is departed - into 12 provinces and how that they doe cast - ensense in the fyre wher y^e great Caane passeth - thorough the Cities and townes, in worship - of the Emperour 172 - - LXXV. How the great Caane is the myghtiest lord of - all the world 173 - - LXXVI. Yet of other maners of his countrey 174 - - LXXVII. How the Emperour is brought unto his grave - when he is dead 175 - - LXXVIII. When the Emperour is dead how they chose - and make an other 176 - - LXXIX. What countries and kingedomes lye next to the - lande of Cathay and the frontes thereof 177 - - LXXX. Of other wayes comming fro Cathay toward - the Grekes sea, and also of the Emperour of - Percey 179 - - LXXXI. Of the lande of Armony, which is a good land, - and of the land of Middy 180 - - LXXXII. Of the Kingdome of George and Abcan and many - marvayles 181 - - LXXXIII. Of the land of Turkey, and divers other countreys, - and of the lande of Mesopotamy 182 - - LXXXIV. Of divers countreys, kingdomes and yles, and - marvayles beyond the land of Cathay 183 - - LXXXV. Of the land of Bactry and of many Griffons and - other beastes 186 - - LXXXVI. Of the way for to goe to Prester John's lande, - which is Emperour of Inde 187 - - LXXXVII. Of the fayth and belyefe of Prester John, but - he hath not all the full beliefe as we haue 190 - -LXXXVIII. Of an other yland where also dwelleth good - people therein and is called Sinople 191 - - LXXXIX. Of two other yles, one is called Pitan wherein be - little men that eat no meate, and in an other - yle are the men all rough of fethers 193 - - XC. Of a rich man in Prester John's l[=a]d named Catolonapes - and of his gardeine 194 - - XCI. Of a marvailous valey that is beside the river of - Phison 196 - - XCII. Of an yland wherin dwell people as great as - gyants of 28 or 30 foote of length and other - things 198 - - XCIII. Of women which make great sorow as their - children are borne and great joy when they are - dead 199 - - XCIV. Of an yland where men wed their owne daughters - and kinswom[=e] 200 - - XCV. Of an other yland wherein dwell full good people - and true 202 - - XCVI. How King Alexander sent his men thither for to - winne the land 203 - - XCVII. How the Emperour Prester John when he goeth - to batayle he hath iii Crosses borne before him - of gold 204 - - XCVIII. Of the most dwelling place of Prester John in a - citie called Suse 205 - - XCIX. Of the wilderness wherein groweth the trees of - the sonne and the moone 207 - - C. Of a great yland and Kingdome called Taprobane 208 - - CI. Of two other yles, one is called Orel, and the other - Argete, where are many gold mynes 209 - - CII. Of y^e darke country and hyls and roches of stone - nigh to Paradise 210 - - CIII. A little of Paradise Terrestre 211 - - CIV. How Prester Johns land lieth fote against fote to - England 213 - - CV. Of the Kingdome of Ryboth 214 - - CVI. Of a rich man that is neither King, Prince, Duke - ne Erle 216 - - CVII. How of all these lands, yles, and kingdomes, and - the men thereof afore rehersed haue some of - the articles of our faith 217 - - CVIII. How John Maundevyl leveth many mervayles unwritten - and the cause therefore 218 - - CIX. What time John Maundevil departed out of England 219 - - -APPENDIX. - - The journall of Frier Odoricus.--Of the maners of the - Chaldeans, and of India.--How peper is had: and where it - groweth.--Of a strange and uncouth idole: & of certaine - customes and ceremonies.--Of certaine trees yeelding - meale, honey, and poyson.--Of the abundance of fishes - which cast themselues upon the shore.--Of the Island of - Sylan: and of the mountaine where Adam mourned for his - sonne Abel.--Of the upper India: and of the province of - Mancy.--Of the citie of Fuco.--Of a Monastery where - many strange beastes of divers kindes doe live upon an - hill.--Of the citie of Cambaleth.--Of the glory and - magnificence of the great Can.--Of certain Innes or - hospitals appointed for traveilers throughout the whole - empire.--Of the foure feasts which the great Can - solemnizeth euery yeere in his court.--Of divers - provinces and cities.--Of a certaine riche man, who is - fed and nourished by 50 virgins.--Of the death of Senex - de monte.--Of the honour and reverence done unto the - great Can.--Of the death of frier Odoricus. 221 - - - Extra Plates in Illustration of the Book 267 - - List of the Editions in the British Museum 277 - - -[Decoration] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -+The Voiage and Travayle of Syr John Maundeville, Knight.+ - - _Here beginneth a lyttle treatise or boke, named John Maundevile - Knight, borne in England in the towne of Sainct Albone, & - speaketh of the wayes to Hierusalem, to Inde, and to the greate - Cane,[1] and also to Prester Johns land, & to many other - countreys, & also of many marvailes that are in the holy Lande._ - - -FOR AS MUCH as the lande over the sea, that is to say, the holy land, -that men cal the land of Behest,[2] among all other lands is most -worthy & Soveraine, for it is blessed, halowed, and sacred of the -precious bloud of our Lord JESU CHRIST, in the which land, it liked -him to take flesh and bloud of the Virgin Mary, & to environ that -lande with his owne feete, and there he wold do many myracles, preach -and teach the fayth and the law of Christen men, as unto his children, -& there he would suffer many reprouves and scornes for us, and he that -was King of heaven and hell, of ayre, of sea, of lande, and of all -things that are contained in them, wold alonely[3] be called King of -that land, when he sayde, _Rex sum Judeorum_, I am King of Jewes: For -that tyme was that lande of Jewes, and that lande he chose before all -other landes, as the best & most worthy of vertues of all the world. -And as the Philosopher sayth, _Virtus rerum in medio consistit_. That -is to say, the vertue of things is in the midst: and in that lande he -would leade his lyfe, and suffer passion and death of the Jewes for -us, to save and deliver us from the paines of hell, and from deathe -without ende, the which was ordeyned to us for the sinne of our father -Adam, and our owne synnes also, for as for himself he had none evil -done ne[4] deserved, for he never thought ne dyd any evyll, for he -that was King of Glory and of joy might best in that place suffer -death. For he that will do any thinge that he will haue knowen openly, -he wyll proclayme it openly in the myddle place of a towne or of a -citie, so that it may bee knowne to all parties of the citie, so he -that was King of glory and of all the worlde would suffer death for us -at Hierusalem, which is in the mydst of the worlde, so that it might -be knowen to all nations of the worlde how deare he bought man, that -he made with his handes in his owne likenesse, for the great loue that -he had to us. Ah dere God, what love he had to his subjects, when he -that had done no trespasse, would for us trespassours suffer death: -for a more worthy catell[5] he might not have sette for us, then his -owne blessed bodie and his owne precious bloud the which he suffered -for us: right wel ought men to love, worship dreade, and serve such a -Lord, and prayse such an holy lande that brought forth a lord of -such fruite, through the which eche man is saved but if it be his own -defaute. This is that lande prepared for an heritage to us, and in -that lande would he dye as seased,[6] to leaue it to his children. -For the which eche good Chrysten man that may & hath wherewith, should -strengthen him for to conquere our righte heritage, and purchace[7] -out of the evill peoples handes: for we are cleped[8] christen men -of Christ our father, and if we be the ryght children of Christ, we -oughte to challenge the heritage that our father lefte us & take it -out of straunge mens handes. But now Pryde, Covetyse and Envy hath so -inflamed the hearts of the lordes of the worlde, that they are more -busy for to disheryte theyr neighbours than to challenge or conquere -their right heritage aforesayde. And the common people that would put -their bodies and theyr catell for to conquere our heritage, they -may not do so without lordes: for assembling of the people without a -chiefe lorde, is as a flocke of sheepe without a sheepherd, the which -depart asunder, and wot not whether they shall go. But would[9] God, -the worldly Lordes were at a good accorde, and with other of their -common people would take this holy voyage over the sea. I trust well -that within a little tyme our right heritage before sayd should be -reconsiled and put into the hands of the right heires of Jesu Christ. -And for as much as it is long time that there was any general passage -over the sea, and that many men desire to here speaking of the holy -lande, and have therefore great solace and comfort, therefore ye shall -here by me John Maundevile Knight which was borne in England in the -towne of Saint Albones, and passed the sea in the yeare of our Lord -JESU CHRIST A. MIII.C.[10] on the day of Sainct Michael, and there -remained long tyme, and went through many landes, and many provinces, -kingdomes and yles, & have passed through Turkey, and through -Armony[11] the lyttle and the great, through Tartary, Percy,[12] -Surre,[13] Araby, Egypt the high and the low, through Libie, Caldee -and a great part of Ethiope, through Amazonie through Inde the lesse -& the more a great part, and through many other yles which are about -Inde, where many people dwelleth of divers lawes and shapes. Of the -men of which landes and yles I shall speake more plainly and I shall -devise[14] a parte of the things what they are when time shall be, -after it may best come to my mynde & specially for them that will, -and are in purpose, for to visite the holy citie of Hierusalem and -the holy places that are there aboute & I shall tell the way that they -shall holde[15] thither, for I have many times passed and ridden it -with good company and with many lordes. - - - [Footnote 1: Khan.] - - [Footnote 2: Promise.] - - [Footnote 3: _Pynson_, all oonly.] - - [Footnote 4: Nor.] - - [Footnote 5: Treasure, money, goods, property, possessions.] - - [Footnote 6: Possessing (seized).] - - [Footnote 7: _Pynson_, "and _chase_ out the ylle trowand."] - - [Footnote 8: Called.] - - [Footnote 9: (to) omitted.] - - [Footnote 10: _Pynson_ and other authorities say MCCCXXXII.] - - [Footnote 11: Armenia.] - - [Footnote 12: Persia.] - - [Footnote 13: Syria.] - - [Footnote 14: Relate.] - - [Footnote 15: Travel or journey.] - - - - -CAP: I. - - _He that will go toward Hierusalem on horse, on foote, or by sea._ - - -IN the name of God Almightie. He that will passe over the sea, he may -go many wayes both by sea and by lande, after the countreys that he -cometh from, and many of them cometh to one ende, but think not that -I will tell all the townes, cities & castelles that men shall goe by, -for then I should make to long a tale, but only some countries and -most principall cities and townes that men shall go by and through to -go the right way. - -First, if a man come from the west side of the worlde as England, -Ireland, Wales, Scotland and Norway, he may if he wyl, go through -Almayne[1] and throughout the Kingdome of Hungary, which Kinge is -a great lord and a mightie, and holdeth many landes & great, for he -holdeth the land of Hungarie, Savoy,[2] Camonie,[3] a great part of -Bulgary, that men call the land of Bugres, and a great part of the -Kingdome of Rossie,[4] and that lasteth to the land of Mifland,[5] and -marcheth on Siprus,[5] and men passe thus through the land of Hungary -and through the Citie that men call Cipanum,[6] and through the -castell of Nuburgh,[7] and by the yll Torwe,[8] towarde the ende of -Hungarie and so by the river of Danubie, that is a full great ryver -and goeth into Almayne, under the hilles of Lumbardy, and it taketh -into him 40 other ryvers and it runneth throughout Hungary and through -Cresses[9] and Crochie,[9] and goeth into the sea so strongely and -with so great might that the water is freshe xxx[10] myle within the -sea and afterwards go men to Belgrave[11] and entereth the lande of -Bugres and there pass men a bridge of stone that is over the river -Marrock,[12] and so men passe through the lande of Pinseras[13] -and come to Grece to the citie of Stermis,[14] and to the citie of -Affinpane,[15] that was sometime called Bradre[16] the noble and so -to the citie of Constantinople that was sometime called Bessameron[17] -and there dwelleth commonly the Emperor of Grece. - -[Illustration] - -At Constantinople is the best and the fairest church of the worlde, -and it is of sainct Steven.[18] And before this church is a gylte -image of Justinian the Emperour, and it is sitting upon an horse and -crowned, and it was wont to holde a round appell[19] in his hand, & -men say there that it is a token that the Emperour hath lost a part of -his landes, for the appell is fallen out of the images hand: and also -he hath lost a great parte of his lordshippe. For he was wont to be -Emperour of Rome, of Grece, and of all Asia the lesse, of Surry, and -of the land of Jude,[20] in the which is Jerusalem, & of the land of -Egipt, of Percie & Arabia, but he hath lost all but Grece, and that -lande he holdeth all onely. Men would put the appell in the images -hande, but it will not holde it. This appell betokeneth the lordship -that he had over all the world, and the other hand he lifteth up -against the East,[21] in token to manasse[22] misdoers. This image -standeth upon a pyller of marble. - -[Illustration] - -At Constantinople is the crosse of our Lord and his cote without -seame, the sponge and the rede with which the Jewes gave our Lord gall -to drinke on the Crosse, and there is one of the nayles that our Lorde -Jesu Christ was nayled with to the Crosse. Some men think that halfe -the Crosse of Christ be in Cipres in an Abbey of Monkes, that men call -the hill of the holy crosse, but it is not so, for the crosse that -is in Cipres is the crosse on which Dysmas[23] the good theefe was -hanged, but all men wot[24] not that, & that is evil done but for the -getting of the offering they say that it is the crosse of our Lorde, -and ye shall understande that the crosse of our Lorde Jesus Christ -was made of foure maner of trees, as it is conteyned in this verse -following. - - _In cruce fit Palma, Cedrus, et Cypressus, Oliva._ - -[Illustration] - -For the piece that went ryght up from the earth unto the head was of -Cipres, and the piece that went overthwart, to the which his handes -were nayled, was of Palme, and the stock that stood within the earth -in the which they had made a morteys, was of Cedre, and the table -aboue his head was a foote and a half long, on which y^e tytle was -written, y^t was of Olyve. Y^e Jewes made this crosse of these foure -maner of trees for they thought y^t our Lord shold have hanged as long -as y^e crosse might last, therefore they made the foote of Cedre, for -Ceder may not in the erth ne[25] in water rot; they thought that the -body of Christ shold have stonken, they made the piece y^t went from -the yearth upwarde of Cipres so that the smell of his body shold -greve no man that came by, and that overthwart was made of Palme -in signification of Victory. And the table of the tytle was made of -Olive, for it betokeneth peace, as the story of Noe witnesseth, -when y^e dove brought y^e braunch of Olive that betokened peace made -between God and man. And you also shal understande, that the Christen -men that dwell over the sea, say that the pece of the Crosse that we -call Cipres was of the tree that Adam eate the appell of, and so finde -they written, and they say also that their scripture saith, that when -Adam was sicke he sayd to his son Seth that he shold go to Paradise -and pray that the Aungel that kepeth Paradise, y^t he wold send -him oyle of the tree of mercy for to anoynte him that he might have -health, & Seth went, but the Aungel would not let him com in at the -gate, but said unto him that he might not have y^e oyle of mercy, but -he took him three carnels[26] of the same tree that his father eate -the appell of, and bad him as sone as his father was dead, that he -should put these carnels under his tongue and bury him, and he did so, -and of these three carnels sprang a tree, as the Angel sayd and when -the tree bare fruite, then shold Adam be made whole. And when Seth -came againe and founde his father dead, he did with the carnels as -the Aungell commaunded him, of the which came three trees, whereof -a crosse was made that bare good fruite, that is to say, our saviour -Jesu Christ, through whom Adam and all that came of him should be -saved and delivered from everlasting death, but[27] if it be their -owne defaute.[28] This holy crosse had the Jewes hid under the earth -in y^e rock of the mount of Calvery, & it laye there two hundreth -yeares and more, as they say, unto the tyme that Saint Elene found it, -the which Saint Elene was daughter of Coel King of Englande, that then -was called Britaine, and after maried to Constantius, fyrst Consul and -after Emperour of Rome, who had by hir issue Constantine the great, -born in England and afterward Emperour of Rome, which Constantine -turned the name of Bezansium into Constantinople, he reedified that -citie, and made it monarcall seate of all Europa and Asia Minor. Also -ye shall understande that the crosse of our Lord was in length viii -cubites and that the piece that went overthwart was three cubites[29] -and a halfe. - -[Illustration] - -A part of the crowne of our Lord Jesu wherewith he was crowned & one -of the nayles, and the speare head and many other reliques are in -France at Paris in the chapell of the King, and the crowne lyeth in a -vessell of cristall wel dight and richly, for y^e French King bought -these reliques sometime of the Jewes, to whome the Emperour had laid -them to pledge for a great sume of golde. And although men say -that this Crowne was of thornes--ye shall understand that it was -of Jonkes[30] of the sea, which be white and pricketh as sharp as -thornes, for I have seene and beheld many times that at Paris, and -that at Constantinople, for they were both of one, and made of Jonkis -of the sea. But men have departed him in two partes, of the which one -parte is at Paris, and the other part at Constantinople, and I haue a -point thereof that seemeth a white thorne, and that was given me for -a great friendeship--for there are many of them broken and fallen into -the vessell, when they shew the Crowne to great men or lordes that -come theither. And ye shall understande that our Lord in that night -that he was taken, he was led into a garden, and there he was examined -sharply, & there the Jewes crowned him with a crown of abbespine[31] -braunches that grew in the same garden & set it on his head so fast, -that the blood came downe by many places of his visage, necke, and -shoulders, and therefore hath the abbespine many vertues, for he -that beareth a braunche of it about him, no thunder, nor any maner of -tempest may hurt him, nor the house that it is in may no evill ghost -come, nor in no place where it is. And in that same garden Sainct -Peter denied our Lord thrise. And afterward was our Lord led before -the Bishop and ministers of the lawe into another gardein of Anne[32] -and there was he examined, scorned & crowned efte[33] with a swete -thorn that men called barbareus[34] that grew in the same gardein -and that hath many vertues. And afterward he was led to a gardein of -Caiphas, and there he was crowned again with eglentine,[35] and after -that he was led to a chamber of Pilate & there he was crowned, and the -Jewes set him in a chaire and clad him in a mantell of purpure[36] and -then made they a crowne of Jonkes of the sea and there they kneled -to him & scorned him saying _Ave rex Judeorum_. That is to say, haile -King of Jewes. And of this crowne, halfe is in Paris and the other -halfe at Constantinople, the which our Saviour Jesu Christ hadde on -his head, when he was nayled on the crosse, and therefore shall men -honour and worship it, and holde it more worthy then any of the other. -And the speare shaft hath the Emperour of Almaine, but the head which -was put in his side is at Paris they say, in the holy chappell, and -oft tymes sayth the Emperour of Constantinople, that he hath the -speare head & I have often seen it, but it is greater than that at -Paris. Also at Constantinople lyeth Sainct Anne our ladie's mother, -whom Saint Elene caused to be brought from Hierusalem, and there -lieth also the body of Saint John Chrisostome that was bishop of -Constantinople. There lyeth also sainct Luke the Evangelist, for his -bones were brought from Bethany where he was buried: and many other -relyques are there, and there is of the vessell of stone as it were -marble, which men call Idryus, that evermore droppeth water & fylleth -himselfe every yeare once. And ye shall wete that Constantinople is -a fayre citie and well walled & it is three cornered, and there is -an arme of the sea that men call Hellespon, and some men call it the -bunch[37] of Constantinople and some call it the brace[38] of sainct -George, and this water encloseth two partes of the citie, and upward -to the sea upon that water was wont to be the great citie of Troy in a -fayre plaine, but that citie was destroyed by the Grekes. - - - [Footnote 1: Germany.] - - [Footnote 2: Sclavonia.] - - [Footnote 3: Comania may now be placed as being on the - north-west side of the Caspian Sea.] - - [Footnote 4: Or Rosia, was Russia proper, by the Baltic; the - huge Empire now so termed being then called Muscovy.] - - [Footnote 5: _Pynson_ says Nyflond, and in some MSS. it is - written indifferently Nyfland, Nyflond, Nislan, and Neflond; - but I have no doubt but that by it is meant Livonia, as - is explained Apian's _Cosmographie_: "qui est la derniere - Province d'Alemaigne, et de la Chrestiété, vulgairement - appelee Liefland;" and this is the more likely as Siprus - is spelt in _Pynson_ and other editions Pruysse, _i.e._, - Prussia.] - - [Footnote 6: _Pynson_ says Chypron, other authorities - Schyppronne, Cypron, and Chippronne.] - - [Footnote 7: Neuburgh; sometimes written Neaseburghe, Newbow, - or Newborewe.] - - [Footnote 8: In other editions "evyll."] - - [Footnote 9: Cresses is rendered in other editions as Grece - or Greece, but this is impossible, as also is Crochie, which - _Pynson_ calls Tracy, and others call Thracie or Thrace. It - probably means Croatia, and he has muddled up the Save or Sau, - a tributary to the Danube, which rises not far from Lombardy, - joining the Danube at Belgrade.] - - [Footnote 10: _Pynson_ and others say 20 miles.] - - [Footnote 11: Belgrade.] - - [Footnote 12: Now called the Morava.] - - [Footnote 13: _Pynson_ says Pynteras, others Pyncemartz, and - Pyncoras.] - - [Footnote 14: _Pynson_ says Sternys, others Sternes, or - Scernys.] - - [Footnote 15: Written elsewhere Affynpayn, Assynpayn, and ad - fines Epapie.] - - [Footnote 16: This will best explain the difficulty of placing - the localities, for this means Adrianople.] - - [Footnote 17: Byzantium, the ancient name for Constantinople, - the seat of the Western Empire.] - - [Footnote 18: _Pynson_ has Sophy, now the Mosque of St - Sophia.] - - [Footnote 19: Probably an orb.] - - [Footnote 20: Judæa.] - - [Footnote 21: _Pynson_ says West, but others give East.] - - [Footnote 22: Menace.] - - [Footnote 23: The names of the penitent and impenitent thieves - vary slightly in different accounts. In the Apocryphal book of - Nicodemus, cap. 7, vv. 10, 11, they are thus given: "But one - of the two thieves who were crucified with Jesus, whose name - was Gestas, said to Jesus, If thou art the Christ, deliver - thyself and us. But the thief who was crucified on his right - hand, whose name was Dimas, answering, rebuked him, and said, - Dost thou not fear God, who art condemned to this punishment? - We indeed receive rightly and justly the demerit of our - actions: but this Jesus, what evil hath he done?" - - But in the Apocryphal book, I. Infancy, cap. 8, vv. 1-7 (a - Nestorian and Gnostic book), the names are given differently: - "In their journey from hence they came into a desert country, - and were told it was infested with robbers; so Joseph and St. - Mary prepared to pass through it in the night. - - And, as they were going along, behold they saw two robbers - asleep in the road, and with them a great number of robbers, - who were their confederates, also asleep. - - The names of those two were Titus and Dumachus; and Titus - said to Dumachus, I beseech thee let those persons go along - quietly, that our company may not perceive any thing of them; - - But Dumachus refusing, Titus again said, I will give thee - forty groats, and as a pledge, take my girdle, which he gave - him before he had done speaking, that he might not open his - mouth, or make a noise. - - When the Lady St. Mary saw the kindness which this robber did - show them, she said to him, The Lord God will receive thee to - his right hand, and grant thee pardon of thy sins. - - Then the Lord Jesus answered and said to his mother, When - thirty years are expired, O Mother, the Jews will crucify me - at Jerusalem. - - And these two thieves shall be with me at the same time upon - the cross, Titus on my right hand, and Dumachus on my left, - and from that time Titus shall go before me into Paradise."] - - [Footnote 24: Know.] - - [Footnote 25: Nor.] - - [Footnote 26: Kernels--another edition says Greynes.] - - [Footnote 27: Except.] - - [Footnote 28: Fault.] - - [Footnote 29: This measure varied. It was generally accepted - as being the length of a man's arm from the elbow to the - extremity of the little finger. The Roman cubit is usually - reckoned as 17-4/10 in., the Scriptural cubit at 22 in., and - the English cubit at 18 in.] - - [Footnote 30: Rushes. _Juncus Maritimus._] - - [Footnote 31: Albespine--probably meant for _White thorn_.] - - [Footnote 32: Annas.] - - [Footnote 33: Again.] - - [Footnote 34: ? _berberis_.] - - [Footnote 35: Honeysuckle.] - - [Footnote 36: Purple.] - - [Footnote 37: _Bouche_, the mouth.] - - [Footnote 38: Arm. _Lat._ _brachium_, as we should say, an arm - of the sea.] - - - - -CAP: II. - - _Of the Ilandes of Grece._ - - -[Illustration] - -ABOUT Grece be many yles that men cal Calastre,[1] Calcas Settygo, -Thoysoria, Mynona, Faxton, Molo, Carparte and Lempne, and in this yle -is mount Athos that passeth the clowdes & there are divers -speaches and many countries that are obedient to the Emperour of -Constantinople, that is to say Turcoply, Pyncy, Narde, Comage and many -other, Tracy & Macedony, of which Alexander was king. In this countrey -was Aristotle borne, in a citie that men call Strages, a little from -the citie of Tragie, & at Strages is Aristotle buried, and there is an -aulter on his tombe, and there they make a greate feast every yeare -as he were a saint, & upon his aulter the lordes holde their great -counsayles and assemblies and they think, that through the inspiration -of God & him, they should have the better councill. In this countrey -are right highe hilles, there is an hill that men call Olimphus that -departeth Macedonie and Tracy, and is as high as the cloudes, and the -other hill that men call Athos is so highe, that the shadow of him -stretcheth unto Olimphus and it is neare lxxvii myle between, and -above that hill is the aire so cleere, that men may fele no wynde -there, and therefore may no beast live there the ayre is so drye, and -men say in the countrey that Philosophers somtyme went up to these -same hilles and helde to their noses a sponge wet with water for to -have ayre, for the ayre was so drye there & above in the pouder[2] of -the hill they wrote letters with their fingers, and at the yeares ende -they came againe and found those letters which they had written the -yeare before without any defaute,[3] and therefore it seemeth well -that these hilles passe the cloudes to y^e pure aire. - -At Constantinople is the Emperours palaice which is fayre and well -dight,[4] and therein is a palaice for justing,[5] and it is made -about with stages that eche man may well see and none greve,[6] other -& under these stages are stables vauted for the Emperours horses and -all the pillers of these stables are of marble. And within the church -of Saint Sophy, an Emperour wold haue layd the body of his father when -he was dead, and as they made the grave they found a body in the -earth & upon that body lay a great plate of fine gold & there upon -was written in Ebrew, Greke & Latin letters that sayde thus: _Jesus -Christus nascetur de virgine Marie, et ego credo in eum_. That is to -say, Jesu Christ shal be borne of the Virgin Mary & I believe in him. -And the date was that it lay in the earthe 200[7] yeare before our -Lord Jesu Christ was borne, and yet is that plate in the treasory of -the Church, and men say that it was Hermogenes[8] the wise man. And -neverthelesse if it be so that men of Grece be Christen, yet they vary -from our fayth, for they say that the holy ghoste commeth not out of -the sonne, but all onely of the father, and as they are not obedient -to the Church of Rome, nor to the Pope, and they saye that theyr -Patryarkes haue as much power over the sea, as the Pope hath on this -syde the sea. And therefore Pope John the XXII. sente letters to -them, how Christen fayth should be all one, and that they shoulde be -obedient to a pope that is Christes Vykar in earthe, to whome God gave -plaine[9] power to binde and to assoyle,[10] and therefore they should -be obedient to him. And they sent him divers aunsweres, and among -other they said thus. _Potentiam tuam summam circa subjectos tuos -firmiter credimus. Superbitatem tuam sustinere non possumus. Avaritiam -tuam satiare non intendimus. Dominus tecum fit, quia Dominus nobiscum -est. Vale._ That is to say, we beleve wel that thy power is great upon -thy subjectes. We may not suffer thy pryde. We are not in purpose to -fulfille thy covetyse.[11] Our Lorde be with thee, for our Lorde is -with us. Farewell. And other aunswere might not be haue of them. And -also they make theyr sacrament of the aulter of therf bread,[12] for -our Lord made it of therf bread when he made his maunde.[13] And on -sherthursday[14] make they theyre bread in tokening of the maunde, and -they dry it at the sonne,[15] and kepe it all the yeare & give it to -sick men instede of gods body. And they make but one unction when they -Christen Children, and they anoynt no sick men, and they say there is -no purgatory, and soules shall haue neither joy ne payne untill the -day of dome.[16] And they say that fornication is no deadly sinne, but -a kindly thing, and that men & women shoulde wed but once, and who -so weddeth more than once theyr children are bastards and gotten in -sinne, and theyr priestes also are wedded, and they say that usury or -simony is no deadly sinne and they sell benefices of holy churche, -and so did men of other places and is great sclaunder,[17] for now is -Simony King crowned in holy churche, God amende it when his will -is. And they say that in Lent men should not singe masse but on the -Saterday and on the Sonday, and they fast not the Saterday no tyme in -the yeare, but if it be Christmas or Easter even. And they suffer no -man that is on this side the Grece sea to sing at theyr aulters, and -if it fall that they do through any hap,[18] they wash theyr aulters -as sone without tarieng with holy water, and they say that there -should be but one masse sayde at one aulter in a day. And they say -that our Lorde did neuer eate meate but that he made a token[19] -of eating. And also they say that we sinne deadly in shaving of our -berdes, for the berde is a token of a man, and a gift of our Lord and -they saye that we sinne in eating of beastes that were defended[20] in -the olde lawe, as swyne, hares and other beastes. - -And thus they saye that we sinne in eating of fleshe on the dayes -before Ashwednesday, and in eating of fleshe on the Wednesdaye, and -when we eate chese or egges on the Fryday and they curse all -those that eate no fleshe on the Saterday. Also the Emperour of -Constantinople maketh the Patriarkes, Archebishoppes and Bishoppes, -and he giveth all the dignities of the churches, and depryveth them -that are unworthy, although it be so that these touch not the way, -nevertheless they touch that which I haue behight[21] to shew a parte -of the custome, maners, and diversitie of countries, and for this is -the first countrey that is discordaunt from our faithe and letteth[22] -our faithe on this side the sea, therefore haue I sette it here that -ye may see the diversitie between our faith & theirs, for many men -haue great liking to here speake of straunge things. - - - [Footnote 1: Calliste, which Ferrarius, in his _Lexicon - Geographicum_ (edit. 1670), says is an island in the Ægean - Sea. The other islands have different names in different MSS., - but are not worth the trouble of identifying, except Lampne - as Lemnos--where Mandeville places Mount Athos. _Plutarch_ - and _Pliny_ said that, in the summer solstice this mountain - projected its shadow on the market-place of Myrina, the - capital city of Lemnos, and that a brazen cow was there - erected to mark the termination of the shadow; but this is as - probable as the distance given, namely, seventy-seven - miles, which is manifestly erroneous. The spelling of the - geographical names is very bad, and renders it a difficult - task to identify them: for instance, if it were not a - well-known fact that Aristoteles was born and buried at - Stagira, it would be very difficult to identify Strages as - being the same place. Again, Olimphus is used instead of - Lemnos, in connection with the shadow of Mount Athos.] - - [Footnote 2: Powder, dust.] - - [Footnote 3: Uninjured.] - - [Footnote 4: Furnished.] - - [Footnote 5: Jousting or tilting.] - - [Footnote 6: Inconvenience.] - - [Footnote 7: _Pynson_ and other editions say Two thousand.] - - [Footnote 8: Here the chronology is somewhat involved, as - Hermogenes lived in the time of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, - _who was born_ A.D. 121.] - - [Footnote 9: Plenary.] - - [Footnote 10: Absolve.] - - [Footnote 11: Covetousness.] - - [Footnote 12: Unleavened bread.] - - [Footnote 13: Last Supper.] - - [Footnote 14: Shrove Thursday.] - - [Footnote 15: In the sun.] - - [Footnote 16: Doom, or the day of judgment.] - - [Footnote 17: Scandal.] - - [Footnote 18: If by chance they should do so.] - - [Footnote 19: Only seemed to eat.] - - [Footnote 20: Forbidden.] - - [Footnote 21: Promised.] - - [Footnote 22: Hinders.] - - - - -CAP: III. - - _To come againe to Constantinople for to go toward the holy land._ - - -[Illustration] - -NOW come we againe for to know the way from Constantinople. He that -will go through Turkey, he goeth through the citie of Nyke,[1] and -passeth through the gate of Chivitot that is right highe, and it is -a myle and a halfe from Nyke, and who so wyll go by the brache[2] of -Sainct George, and by the Greeke sea there as Sainct Nicolas lyeth, -and other places. First men come to the yle of Silo, and in that ile -groweth mastike upon small trees as plomtrees, or chery trees. And -then after men go through the ile of Pathmos, where Saint John the -Evangelist wrote the Apocalips and I do you to wete,[3] when our Lorde -Jesu Christ died, Saint John the Evangelist was of the age of xxxii -yeare and he lived after the passion of Christ lxiii[4] year and then -died. Fro Pathmos men go to Ephesim which is a faire citie and neare -to the sea, and there died sainct John & he was buried behind the high -aulter in a tombe, and there is a fayre church, for Christen men were -wont to holde that place, but in the tombe of sainct John is nothing -but Manna, for his body was translated[5] into paradise, & the -Turkes hold now that citie and the church, and all Asia the lesse, -& therefore is Asia the lesse called Turkey. And ye shall understand -that sainct John did make his grave ther in his lyfe and laied -himselfe therein all quick[6] & therefore some say he dyed not, but -that he resteth there unto the day of judgement, and therefore truely -there is a great marvaile, for men may see there apertly[7] y^e earth -of the tombe many times stirre and move, as there were a quick thing -under. And from Ephesim, men go through many iles in the sea unto the -citie of Pateran[8] where sainct Nicolas was borne and so to Marca[9] -where he by the grace of God was chosen Bishop, and there groweth -right good wyne and strong, that men call the wyne of Marca. From -thence men go to the yle of Crete, which the Emperor gave sometime -to Jonais.[10] And then men passe through the yles of Cophos and -Lango[11] of the which yles Ipocras[12] was lord, and some say that in -the yle of Lango is Ipocras daughter in maner of a Dragon, which is a -hundred foote long as men saye, for I have not seene it, and they of -the yles call hir the lady of the countrey, and she lyeth in an olde -castell and sheweth hir thrise in the yeare, and she doth no man harme -and she is thus changed from a damosell to a dragon through a goddesse -that men call Diana, and men say that she shall dwell so unto the tyme -that a knighte come that is so hardy as to go to hir and kisse hir -mouthe, and then shall she tourne againe to hir owne kinde, and be -a woman, and after that she shall not live long. And it is not long -sith[13] a knight of the Rodes[14] that was hardy and valiant said -that he would kisse hir, and whan the Dragon began to lifte up hir -head againste him, and he saw it was so hideous, he fled awaye, and -the Dragon in hir anger bare the knight on a roche, and of[15] that -cast him into the sea and so he was lost. - - - [Footnote 1: ? Salonika.] - - [Footnote 2: See foot note, _ante_, p. 19.] - - [Footnote 3: Know.] - - [Footnote 4: _Pynson_ says 67.] - - [Footnote 5: Taken up to heaven.] - - [Footnote 6: Living, alive.] - - [Footnote 7: Openly.] - - [Footnote 8: Patera, a city of Lycia.] - - [Footnote 9: Myra, also in Lycia.] - - [Footnote 10: The Genoese.] - - [Footnote 11: The island of Cos.] - - [Footnote 12: Hippocrates, the famous physician, who was born - at Cos.] - - [Footnote 13: Since.] - - [Footnote 14: The island of Rhodes.] - - [Footnote 15: Off.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP: IIII. - - _Yet of the same Dragon._ - - -[Illustration] - -ALSO a young man that wist not of the Dragon, went out of a shippe and -went through the yle till he came to a Castell, and came into the cave -and went so long till he founde a chamber, and there he saw a damosell -that kemde[1] hir heade & loked in a mirrour, and she had much -treasure aboute hir, and he trowed[2] she had been a common woman that -dwelled ther to kepe men, and he abode[3] the damosel, and the damosel -saw the shadowe of him in the mirrour, & she tourned toward him -and asked what he would, and he said he would be hir paramoure or -lemman,[4] and she asked him if he were a knight, and he sayd nay, and -she sayd then might he not be hir lemman, but she bad him go againe to -his fellowes and make him knighte and come againe on the morow and -she woulde come oute of the cave and then hee shoulde kisse hir on the -mouth, and she badde him haue no dread, for she would do him no -harme, although she semed hidious to him, she sayd it was done by -inchauntment, for she sayd that she was such as he saw hir then, and -she sayd that if he kissed hir, he should haue all the treasure, and -be hir lord, and lord of all those yles. Then he departed from hir and -went to his fellowes in the ship, and made him knight, and came againe -on the morow to kisse the damosel, and when he saw hir come out of the -cave in forme of a dragon, he had so great dread, that he fled to -the ship, and she folowed him, and when she saw that he tourned not -againe, she began to crye as a thing that had much sorow, and tourned -again, and sone after the knight dyed, and sithen[5] hetherto might no -knight see hir but he died anon. But when a knight commeth that is so -hardy to kisse hir, he shall not dye, but he shall tourne that damosel -into hir right shape and shal be lord of the countrey aforsayde. And -from thence men go to the yle of Rodes, the which the hospitallers -held and governed, and that they took sometime from the Emperour, -and it was wont to be called Colles[6] and so yet the Turkes call it -Colles. And sainct Paule in his Epistels writeth to them of the yle -Collocenses.[7] This yle is nere CLxxx[8] myle from Constantinople. -And from this yle of Rodes, men go into Cipres where are many vines, -the first is red and after a yeare they war all white, and those vines -that are most white, are most cleare and best smelling, And as men -passe by the way by a place where was wont to be a great citie that -men call Sathalay, and all that countrey was lost through the folly of -a young man, for he had a faire damosell that he loved well, and she -dyed sodenly & was buried in a grave of Marble & for the great love he -hadde to hir, he went in a nighte to hir tombe and opened it, & went -and lay by hir and when he had done he went away, & when it came to -the ende of ix monthes a voice came to him & sayd in this maner as in -the next chapter foloweth. - - - [Footnote 1: Kemped or combed.] - - [Footnote 2: Thought.] - - [Footnote 3: _Pynson_ says "obeyed unto the damsell"--that is, - made obeisance, or bowed to her.] - - [Footnote 4: Sweetheart.] - - [Footnote 5: Since then.] - - [Footnote 6: From the Colossus there, a statue of Jupiter 70 - cubits high, and which was accounted as one of the wonders of - the world.] - - [Footnote 7: This is not so. The Epistle to the Colossians - was addressed to the inhabitants of Colossæ, a city in - Phrygia--which is clearly shown by his referring in cap. 4, v. - 13, to two neighbouring cities. "For I bear him record, that - he hath a great zeal for you, and them that are in _Laodicea_, - and them in _Hierapolis_."] - - [Footnote 8: _Pynson_ and others say 800.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP: V. - - _Of a young man and his lemman._ - - -[Illustration] - -GO unto the tombe of the same woman that you hast lien by & op[=e] it, -behold well that which thou hast begotten on hir and if thou let for -to go, thou shalt haue a great harme, and he went and opened the tombe -and there flew out an head[1] right hideous for to see, the which head -flew all about the citie and countrey, and sone after the citie and -the countrey sanke downe, & ther are many perilous passages. Fro Rodes -to Cipres is five hundred mile and more, but men may go to Cipres and -come not at Rodes. Cipres is a good yle & a great, and there are many -good cities, and there is an Archbishoppe at Nichosy,[2] and foure -other Bishops in the lande. And at Famagost is one of the best havens -on the sea that is in the worlde, and there are christen men and -Sarasins and men of all nations. In Cipres is the hill of the holy -crosse, and there is the crosse of the good thefe Dismas, as I sayd -before, and some wene[3] that there is halfe of the crosse of our -lord, but it is not so, and they do wrong that make men to believe -so. In Cipres lieth S. Simeon, of whome the men of the countrey make -a great solempnitie, and in the Castell of Amours lyeth the body of -Saint Hillarion, and men kepe it worshipfully, and beside Famagost was -sainct Barnarde[4] borne. - - - [Footnote 1: An edder, or adder--really meaning a winged - serpent.] - - [Footnote 2: Nicosia.] - - [Footnote 3: Imagine.] - - [Footnote 4: Barnabas.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP: VI. - - _Of the maner of hunting in Cipres._ - - -[Illustration] - -IN Cipres men hunte with Pampeons[1] that be lyke to Leopards, and -they take wylde beastes right well and they are somewhat more than -lions, and they take more sharply wilde beastes then houndes. In -Cipres is a maner that lordes and other men eate upon the earthe, for -they make diches within the earth all about the hall depe to the knee, -and they pave them, and when they will eate, they goe therein & sit -there, this they do to be more freshe, for that lande is hotter then -it is here. And at great feastes and for strange men, they set formes -and bordes as they do in this countrey, but they had lever[2] sit in -the earth. From Cipres men go by lande to Hierusalem, and by sea, and -in a day and a night he that hath good wind may come to that haven of -Tyre that now is called Sur, and it is also at the entre of Surry.[3] -There was sometime a fayre citie of christen men, but the Sarasins -haue destroyed the most parte thereof, and they kepe y^e hauen righte -well, for dread that they haue of Christen men. Men might go right -to that haven and come not in Cipres, but they go gladly to Cipres to -rest them on the lande, or else to by[4] thinges that they haue nede -of to their living. Upon the sea side men may find many rubies, and -there is a well that holy write speaketh of - - _Fons ortorum et puteus aquarum viventum._ - -That is to say, The well of gardeines and diches of waters living. In -the citie of Tyre sayde the woman to our Lorde, _Beatus venter qui te -portavit et ubera que succisti_. That is as much to say, Blessed be -the body that bare thee, and the pappe of the which thou suckest. And -there our Lorde forgave the woman of Canee hir sinnes, and there was -also in that place wont to be the stone on which our Lord sat and -preached & on the same stone was founded the Church of Sainct Saviour. -And upon that See is the citie of Saphon, Sarep, or Sodome and there -was wont to dwell Elias the prophet & there was raised Jonas the -prophete the widowes sonne, and fiue myle from Saphen is the citie of -Sydon, of which citie Dido that was Eneas wife after the destruction -of Troy was queene, and that founded the Citie of Carthage in -Affryke and now is called Didonsart. And in the citie of Tyre raigned -Achilles, the father of Dido and a myle[5] from Sidon is Beruth, & -from Beruth to Sardena is three days journey and from Sardena is five -myle to Damas. - - - [Footnote 1: Large wild dogs; they are described by _Jacobus - de Vitriaco_ (the Cardinal), in his _Historiæ Orientalis_, - thus: "_Papiones_ quos appellant, canes silvestres, acriores - quam lupi."] - - [Footnote 2: Liefer, rather.] - - [Footnote 3: Syria.] - - [Footnote 4: Buy.] - - [Footnote 5: Other editions say 16 miles.] - - - - -CAP. VII. - - _Of the haven of Jaffe also named._ - - -WHO so will go lenger upon the sea and come nerer to Hierusalem--you -shall go from Cipres by sea to porte Jaffe, for that is the next haven -to Hierusalem, for from that haven it is but a days journey & a halfe -to Hierusalem And that haven is called Jaffe, and the towne Affe after -one of Noyes[1] sonnes that men call Japheth that founded it, and now -it is called Jops. And ye shall understand that it is the eldest town -of the world, for it was made before Noes floud and there be the bones -of a giaunts side that be XL fote long. - - - [Footnote 1: Noah's.] - - - - -CAP: VIII. - - _Of the haven of Tyre._ - - -AND who arriveth at the first haven of Tyre, or of Surrey beforesayde, -may go by land if he will to Hierusalem, and he goeth to the citie -of Acon in a day, it was called Tholomayda, and it was a citie of -christen men sometime, but it is now destroyed and it is on the sea. -And it is from Venice to Acon by the sea two thousand and Lxxx myle of -Lombardy & from Calabre or fro Cicill it is to Acon a thousand three -hundred miles of Lombardy. - - - - -CAP. IX. - - _Of the hill Carme._ - - -[Illustration] - -AND the yle of Grece[1] is right in the mid way, and beside this citie -of Acon towarde the sea at viii[2] hundred furlonges on the righte -hande towarde the southe is the hil Carme[3] where Elias the prophet -dwelled, and there was the ordre of Carme[4] fyrst founded. This -hyl is not ryghte greate, ne hygh, and at the foote of this hill was -sometime a good citie of chrysten men, that was called Cayphas, for -Cayphas founded it, but it is nowe all wasted. And at the lyfte syde -of the hyll is a Town that men call Saffre, and that is sette upon -another hil, there was Sainct James and saynt John borne, and in the -worshippe of them is there a faire church made. And from Tholomayda -that men now call Acon, to a great hill that men call Ekale[5] de -Tyrreys is an hundred furlongs, and beside that citie of Acon runneth -a lyttle ryver that men call Belyon, and there nere is the fosse of -Minon[6] all round that is a hundred cubytes or shaftments[7] broade, -and it is all full of gravell, cleare shyninge, whereof men make white -glasse cleare, and men come from far countreys by shippe, and by lande -with cartes to take of the gravell & if there be never so much taken -thereof in a daye, on the morow it is full againe as ever it was, and -that is great marvaile, and there is alwaye winde in that fosse that -styreth alway the gravell and maketh it troubled. And if a man put or -do therein any mettal, as sone as it is therein it waxeth glasse, -and the glasse that is made of this gravell if it be done[8] into the -gravell tourneth againe into the gravell as it was before & some say -that it is a swallow[9] of the sea gravell.[10] - - - [Footnote 1: Crete.] - - [Footnote 2: _Pynson_ and others say 120 furlongs.] - - [Footnote 3: Carmel.] - - [Footnote 4: Carmelite friars.] - - [Footnote 5: The scale, or ladder, of Tyre.] - - [Footnote 6: Meaning the sepulchre of Memnon.] - - [Footnote 7: A shaftment was a measure taken from the top of - the extended thumb to the outmost part of the palm--usually - taken as six inches.] - - [Footnote 8: Buried.] - - [Footnote 9: Whirlpool.] - - [Footnote 10: This story is said to come from Solinus, and is - mentioned in Münster's Cosmographia, and in other books.] - - - - -CAP. X. - - _How Sampson slew the King and his enimies._ - - -[Illustration] - -ALSO from Acon beforesaid, men go three[1] journeys to the citie of -Philisten, that now is called Gaza, that is to say the rich citie & it -is right fayre and full of folke and it is a little uppon the sea, -and from that citie broughte the strong Sampson the gates of the Citie -uppon a highe hill, where he was taken in the Citie, and there he -slewe the King in his palace, and many thousande more with him, for -he made an house to fall on them. And from thence shal men go to the -citie of Cesaryen,[2] and so to the castell of Pylleryns[3] and then -to Askalon, and so forth to Japhat[4] and so unto the holy citie of -Hierusalem. - - - [Footnote 1: _Pynson_ and others say four.] - - [Footnote 2: Cæsarea.] - - [Footnote 3: Pilgrims.] - - [Footnote 4: Jaffa.] - - - - -CAP. XI. - - _The waye to Babylon whereas the Soudan dwelleth._ - - -[Illustration] - -AND whoso wyll go through the lande of Babylon where the Soudan[1] -dwelleth, to have leave to go more sykerly[2] throughe the Churches & -countreys, and to go to mount Sinay before he come to Hierusalem, and -then turne agayne by Hierusalem; he shall goe from Gaza to the -castell Dayre. And after a man commeth out of Surry, and goeth in the -wildernesse, where the waye is full sandy, and the wyldernesse lasteth -eyght Journeys,[3] where men findeth all that them nedeth of vytayles -and men call that wyldernesse Archelleke,[4] and whan a man commeth -out of this deserte, hee entreth into Egypte, and they call Egypte, -Canopat,[5] and in another language men call it Mersyne,[6] and the -fyrste goode towne that men fynde is called Beleth, and it is at the -ende of the Kingdome of Alape,[7] and from thence men come to Babylon -and to Kayre,[8] and in Babylon is a fayre churche of our lady, where -she dwelled vii yeare when she was oute of the lande of Jewes, for -dreade of Kynge Herode. And there lyeth the bodye of Saynte Barbara -vyrgyn, and there dwelled Joseph whan he was solde of his brethrene, -and there made Nabugodonosor put the children in (_the_) fire, for -they were of right[9] trouth, the which chyldren men call Anania, -Azaria, and Misael (as y^e psalme of Benedicite saith) but -Nabugodonosor called them thus, Sydrac, Mysac, Abdenago, that is to -say, God glorious, God victorious, God over all Kingedomes, and that -was for myracle that he made Goddes sonne, as he sayd, go wyth those -chyldren throughe the fyre. There dwelleth the Soudan, for there is -a faire citie and a stronge castell and it standeth upon a rocke. In -that Castell is always dwellyng to kepe the castell and to serve the -soudan, above viii[10] thousand persons or folk that take all theyr -necessaries at the Soudans courte. I should well knowe it, for I -dwelled with him soudiour[11] in his warres a great while agayne the -Bedions,[12] and he wold haue wedded me to a great princes daughter -ryght richly, if I would haue forsaken my faith. - - - [Footnote 1: Sultan.] - - [Footnote 2: Certainly, surely.] - - [Footnote 3: Day's march.] - - [Footnote 4: Athylec, Abylech, Alhylet, Alhelet, Abylet.] - - [Footnote 5: Query Canopus, a city 12 miles from Alexandria, - named after the pilot of Menelaus' vessel, who was buried - here.] - - [Footnote 6: Mersur, Morsyn.] - - [Footnote 7: Aleppo.] - - [Footnote 8: Cairo.] - - [Footnote 9: True faith.] - - [Footnote 10: Other editions say 6,000.] - - [Footnote 11: Soldier.] - - [Footnote 12: Bedouins.] - - - - -CAP. XII. - - _Yet here followeth of the Soudan and of his Kingdomes that he - hath conquered, which he holdeth strongly with force._ - - -AND ye shall understand that the Soudan is lorde of v Kingdomes: the -which he hath conquered and gotten to him by strength, and these be -they--the Kingdome of Canopate (_that is_) the Kingdome of Egipte, -the Kingdome of Hierusalem: whereof David and Salomon were Kings, the -Kingdome of Surry, of the which the citie of Damas[1] was the chiefe, -the Kingdome of Alape in the lande of Dameth, and the Kingdome of -Arabya: which was one of the three Kinges that made offeryng to our -Lorde when he was borne, and many other landes he holdeth in his -hande, and also he holdeth Calaphes[2] that is a great thing to the -Soudan, that is to say, among them Roys[3] yle and this vale is colde. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -And then men go uppon the mount of Sainct Katherina and that is -much higher than the mount Moyses. And there as saint Katheryn was -graven[4] is no church ne castell, ne other dwelling place, but there -is an hyll of stones gathered togither, about the place there she was -graven of Aungels, there was wont to be a chapell, but it is all cast -downe & yet lyeth there a great parte of the stones. - -But under the foote of mount Sinay is a monasterie of Monkes, -and there is the church of Sainct Katherine wherein be many lamps -brenning, and they have oyle onlye enough to eate and to brenne, and -that they haue by myracle of God, there come certaine of all maner of -byrdes euery yeare once, lyke pylgrymes and eche of them bringeth a -braunch of olyve in token of offering, whereof they make much oyle. - - - [Footnote 1: Damascus.] - - [Footnote 2: Khalifs.] - - [Footnote 3: Who are accounted there as kings.] - - [Footnote 4: Buried.] - - - - -CAP. XIII. - - _For to returne fro Sinay to Hierusalem._ - - -NOW sythen a man hath visited this holy place of Sainct Katheryn and -he will torne to Hierusalem, he shall fyrst take leave of the Monkes, -and recommend him specially to their prayers, then those Monks will -freely giue to Pilgrims victuals to pass through the Wildernesse to -Surry & that lasteth well xiii Journeys. And in that wyldernesse dwell -many Arabyns that men call Bedoins and Ascoperdes,[1] these are folk -that are full of all maner of yll condycyons, and they have no houses, -but tentes, the wyche they make of beastes skinnes, as of camelles and -other beastes the whyche they eate, and thereunder they lye, and they -dwell in places where they maye fynde water, as on the rede sea, for -in that wildernesse is greate defaute of water, and it faileth ofte -where a man findeth water one time, he fyndeth it not another tyme, -and therefore make they no houses in those countreys. These men that I -speake of tyll not the land, for they eate no breade, but[2] yf it be -anye that dwelleth neare a goode towne. And they rost al theyre fishes -and flesh upon the hote stones agaynst the sonne, and they are stronge -men and well fyghtynge, and they do nothinge but chace wyld beastes -for theyr sustenaunce, and they sette[3] not by theyr lyves, therfore -they dreade not the Soudan nor no prince of all the worlde. And they -haue greate warre wythe the Soudan, and the same tyme that I was -dwelling with him they bare but a shelde and a speare for to defende -them with, and they holde[4] none other armour, but they wynde theyr -heades and neckes in a great lynnen clothe,[5] and they are men of -full yll kynde. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Or Giants from the Arabic _askhaf_, a tall, - big-boned man. It will be remembered that Sir Bevis of - Southampton brought home a Giant Ascapart--who probably was - one of them.] - - [Footnote 2: Unless.] - - [Footnote 3: They value not.] - - [Footnote 4: Have.] - - [Footnote 5: A turban.] - - - - -CAP. XIIII. - - _As men are passed this wyldernesse againe comming to Hierusalem._ - - -AND when men are passed this wyldernesse towarde Hierusalem they come -to Barsabe[1] that was sometime a fayre and a lykyng towne of Christen -men, and yet is some of their churches, and in that towne dwelled -Abraham the Patryarke. This towne of Barsabe founded Uryas wife, of -whom David engendred Salomon the wyse that was Kyng of Hierusalem, -and of the xii kindes[2] of Israell, and he raigned xl yeare. And from -thence go men to the vale of Ebron, that is from thence nere xii myle -and some call it the vale of Mambre,[3] and also it is called the vale -of Teeres, for as much as Adam in that vale he wept a hundred yeare -the death of his sonne Abel that Cayne slew. And Ebron was sometime[4] -the principall Citie of the Philistines & there dwelled giaunts & -there it was so free, that all that had done evill in other places -were there saved. In Ebron Josue and[5] Calope and theyr felowship -came fyrst to espy how they might wynne the lande of promyssion. In -Ebron David raigned fyrst vii yeare and a halfe & in Hierusalem he -raigned xxxii[6] yeare and a halfe, and there be the graves of -the Patryarkes--Adam, Abraham, Jacob and theyr wyves, Eve, Sare, -Rebecca[7] and they are in the hanging[8] in the hyll. And under them -is a right fayre Churche Kirnelde[9] after the facion and maner as it -were a Castell, the which the Sarasins keepe right well, and they haue -that place in greate worship for the holy Patryarkes that lieth there, -and they suffer no Christen men ne Jewes to come therein but they have -speciall grace of the Soudan, for they holde Christen men and Jewes -but as houndes that should come in no holy place, and they call the -place Spelunke[10] or double cave or double grave; for one lyeth on -another, and the Sarasins call it in theyr language Caryatharba, that -is to say the place of Patryarkes, and the Jewes call it Arboth. And -in that same place was Abrahams house, and that was the same Abraham -which sat in his dore, and saw three persons and worshipped but one, -as holy wryt witnesseth saying, _Tres videt et unum adoravit_. That -is to saye, he saw three and worshipped but one, and him took Abraham -into his house. - - - [Footnote 1: Beersheba.] - - [Footnote 2: Tribes.] - - [Footnote 3: Mamre.] - - [Footnote 4: Formerly.] - - [Footnote 5: Jehoshua and Caleb (see Numbers, cap. 13).] - - [Footnote 6: _Pynson_ and others say 33 years and a half.] - - [Footnote 7: All other editions have "and of Lya," or Leah, - who is evidently here forgotten.] - - [Footnote 8: Caves cut in the side of the rock.] - - [Footnote 9: Crenelated or battlemented.] - - [Footnote 10: Lat. _Spelunca_, a cave.] - - - - -CAP. XV. - - _Here foloweth a lyttle of Adam & Eve and other things._ - - -[Illustration] - -AND right nere to that place is a cave in a Roche where Adam and Eve -dwelled whan they were dryven out of Paradyse, and there got they -theyr chyldren. And in that place was Adam made as some men saye, for -men called sometime that place the felde of Damasse,[1] for it was -in the worshippe[2] of Damasse; and fro thence he was translated into -Paradyse as they saye, and afterwarde he was driven out of Paradyse, -and put there agayne, for the same daye that he was put into Paradyse, -the same day he was driven out, for so soone he synned. And there -begynneth the yle[3] of Ebron that lasteth nere to Hierusalem, and the -Aungell bad Adam that he should dwell wyth his wyfe, and there they -engendred Seth, of the which kyndred[4] Jesu Christ was borne. And in -that vale is the felde where men draw out of the earth a thinge the -which men in that countrey call Chambell and they eate that thinge in -the stede of spyce & they beare it to sell, and men may not grave[5] -there so deepe ne so wyde, but it is at the yeares ende full againe up -to the sydes through the grace of God. And two myle from Ebron is the -grave of Loth[6] that was Abraham's brother. - - - [Footnote 1: Damascus.] - - [Footnote 2: _Pynson_ and others say lordship.] - - [Footnote 3: Vale.] - - [Footnote 4: Kindred or tribe.] - - [Footnote 5: Dig.] - - [Footnote 6: Lot.] - - - - -CAP. XVI. - - _Of the dry tree._ - - -[Illustration] - -WHEN a lyttle from Ebron is the mounte of Mambre, of the which mount -the vale toke his name, and there is the tree of oke that the Sarasins -call dypre,[1] that is of Abraham's time, that men call the dry tree. -And they say that it hath ben from the beginning of the worlde, and -was sometime grene and bare leaves, unto the tyme that our Lorde dyed, -and so did all the trees in the worlde, or else they fayled in their -heartes, or else they faded, and yet is there many of those in the -worlde. And some prophesies say, that a lorde or prince of the weste -syde of the worlde shall winne the lande of promission, that is the -holy lande, with the helpe of Christen men, and he shall do singe[2] a -masse under that tree, and the tree shall waxe grene and beare fruite -and leaves, and through that miracle many Sarasins and Jewes shal -be turned to the Christen fayth, and therefore they do great worship -therto, and kepe it right[3] basely. And yet though it be dry, it -beareth a great vertue, for certainly he that hath a lyttle thereof -about him, it healeth a sicknesse called the falling evill, and hath -many other vertues also, and therefore it is holden right precious. - - - [Footnote 1: _Pynson_ and others read Dyrpe or Dirpe.] - - [Footnote 2: Cause a mass to be sung.] - - [Footnote 3: To keep it carefully.] - - - - -CAP. XVII. - - _Fro Bethlehem._ - - -FROM Ebron men go to Bethlehem in halfe a daye, for it is but five -myle, and it is a fayre waye & thorow[1] woddes full pleasaunt. -Bethlem is but a little citie long and narowe, and well walled, and -enclosed with a great diche and it was wont to be called Effrata as -holy wryte sayth _Ecce audivimus eum in Effrata_ &c., That is to saye, -Lo we herde him in Effrata. And toward the ende of the citie toward -the East, is a ryght fayre churche and a gracious and it hath many -toures, pinacles and kirnelles[2] full strongly made & within that -Church is xliiii great pyllers of marble & betwene this church the -field[3] florished, as ye shall here. - - - [Footnote 1: Through woods.] - - [Footnote 2: Battlements.] - - [Footnote 3: The flowered field.] - - - - -CAP. XVIII. - - _Of a fayre mayden that should be put to death wrongfully._ - - -[Illustration] - -THE cause is, for as much as a fayre maiden y^t was blamed wyth wrong -that she hadde done fornication, for the which cause she was demed[1] -to dye and to bee brente[2] in that place to the which she was ledde. -And as the woode began to brenne about hir, she made hir prayer to -our Lorde as she was not gyltie of that thing, that he would helpe hir -that it might be knowne to all men. And whan she had thus sayde, she -entred the fyre and anone the fyre went out, and those braunches that -were brenninge became red Roses and those braunches that were not -kindled became white Rosiers[3] full of white roses, and those were -the fyrst roses and rosyers that any man sawe, and so was the mayden -saved through the grace of God, and therefore is that felde called -the feeld of God florished, for it was full of Roses. Also besyde the -quire of that Church aforesayd at the right side as men come downwarde -xii[4] grees[5] is the place where our Lorde was borne that is now -full well dyght[6] of Marble & full rychely depaynted of golde, sylver -and asure and other colours. And a lyttle thens by three paces is the -crybe[7] of the Oxe and the Asse, and besyde y^t is the place where -the sterre[8] fell that lede the three Kinges Jasper, Melchior and -Balthasar, but men of Grece call the Kinges thus, Galgalath, Saraphy, -Malgalath. These three Kinges offered to our Lorde, Encence, Gold & -Mirre and they came together through myracle of God, for they mette -togither in a citie that men call Chasak, that is liii journeys from -Bethleem, and there they were at Bethleem the fourth[9] daye after -they hadde seene the sterre. And under the cloyster of this church -xviii grees[10] at the righte syde is a great pytte where the bones -of the Innocentes lie, and before that place where Chryst was borne -is the tombe of Sainct Jerom that was a priest and a Cardinal that -translated the Byble and the Sauter[11] from Hebrew into Latyn, and -beside that church is a Church of Saynte Nycolas, where our Lady -rested hir whan she was delivered of chyld, and for as much as she -had so much mylke in hir pappes that it greved hir, she mylked it out -uppon the redde stones of Marble, so that yet may the traces bee seene -whyte uppon the stones. And ye shall understande that all that dwell -in Bethleem are Chrysten men, and there are fayre vynes all aboute -the citie and great plentie of wine, for their booke that Mahomet -betoke[12] them, the which they call Alkaron and some call it Massap -and some call it Harme, forbiddeth them to drinke any wyne, for in -that booke Machomet curseth all those that drynke of that wyne and all -that sell it, for some men saye that he onse slewe a good hermite in -his dronkennesse which[13] he loved much, and therefore he cursed the -wyne, and them that drynke wyne, but his malyce is torned to -hymselfe, as holye writ sayth "_Et in verticem ipsius iniquitus -ejus descendit_," That is to say in Englyshe, His wickednesse shall -descende on his owne head. And also the Sarasins bringeth forthe no -geise,[14] ne they eate no swines fleshe, for they say it is brother -to manne and that it was forbidden in the olde lawe. Also in the lande -of Palestine ne in the lande of Egypte they eate but lyttle veale and -beefe but it be so olde that it may no more travayll[15] ne werke, not -that it is forbidden but they kepe them to tylling of their lande. In -this castell of Bethleem was Kyng David borne and he had Lx wives and -ccc lemmans. From Bethleem to Hierusalem is two myle, and in the way -of Hierusalem halfe a myle from Bethleem is a Church where the aungell -sayd to the shepherdes of the bearing of Christ. In that waye is the -tombe of Rachel that was Josephs mother the Patryarke and she dyed as -soone as she hadde borne Benjamyn and there she was buried, and Jacob -hir husbande set xii great stones upon hir in tokening that she -had borne xii children. In this way to Hierusalem are many Christen -churches by the which men go to Hierusalem. - - - [Footnote 1: Condemned.] - - [Footnote 2: Burnt.] - - [Footnote 3: Rose bushes.] - - [Footnote 4: Other editions say 16.] - - [Footnote 5: Steps.] - - [Footnote 6: Adorned.] - - [Footnote 7: Crib or Manger.] - - [Footnote 8: Star.] - - [Footnote 9: Other editions say "thirteenth."] - - [Footnote 10: Paces.] - - [Footnote 11: Psalter.] - - [Footnote 12: Gave.] - - [Footnote 13: Whom.] - - [Footnote 14: Breed no pigs.] - - [Footnote 15: Plough or draw loads.] - - - - -CAP. XIX. - - _Of the citie of Hierusalem._ - - -FOR to speake of Hierusalem, ye shall understande that it standeth -fayre among hylles, and there is neither ryver nor well, but water -commeth by conduit from Ebron, and ye shall wete that men called -it first Jebus and sythen it was called Salem unto the time of King -David, and he set those two names togither and called it Hierusalem -and so it is called yet. And aboute Hierusalem is the Kingdome of -Surry, & thereby is the lande of Palestyne and Askalon, but Hierusalem -is in the lande of Jude, and it is called Judee, for Judas Maccabeus -was King of that lande, and also it marcheth afterward on the -Kingedome of Araby, on the South side on the lande of Egipt, on the -west side on the great sea, on the north syde on the Kingdome of Surry -and the sea of Cipres. About Hierusalem are these cities. Ebrone at -viii[1] myle, Jerico at vi myle Barsebe at viii myle Askalon xviii[2] -myle, Jaffa at xxv[3] Ramatha at iiii[4] mile. At Bethlem towarde the -South is a church of saint Markerot,[5] that was abbot there, for whom -they made much sorow when he should dy & it is painted there how they -made dole[6] when he dyed, and it is a piteous thing to beholde. -This lande of Hierusalem hath ben in dyvers nations hands, as Jewes, -Cananens, Assyrians, Percians, Macedons, Grekes, Romayns & Chrysten -men, Sarasins, Barbaryans, Turkes & many other nacions. For Chryste -wyll not that it be long in the handes of traytours ne sinners be -they Christen or other. And now hath the mistrowing[7] men holden that -lande in theyre handes Lx yeare & more, but they shall not holde it -long and if[8] God wyll. - - - [Footnote 1: Other editions say respectively 7, 17, 16.] - - [Footnote 2: As Footnote #1.] - - [Footnote 3: As Footnote #1.] - - [Footnote 4: Other editions say 3 miles.] - - [Footnote 5: Variously written, Markertot, Karitot, Karscati, - and Mercaritot.] - - [Footnote 6: Grieved, from _Lat._ Dolor.] - - [Footnote 7: Unbelieving, or heathen.] - - [Footnote 8: Unless it is God's pleasure.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP. XX. - - _Yet of the holy citie of Hierusalem._ - - -[Illustration] - -AND ye shall understand that whan men fyrst come to Hierusalem, they -go fyrste a pylgrimage to the Church, where that the holy grave is, -the whiche is out of the citie on the North syde, but it is now -closed in with the wall of the towne, and there is a full fayre church -rounde, all open aboue, and well covered with leede and on the west -syde is a fayre toure and a strong for belles. - -And in the middes of the church is a Tabernacle made like a little -house, in maner of halfe a compasse, ryght well and richly of gold -and asure and other coloures well dyght & on the ryght syde is the -sepulchre of oure Lorde, and the tabernacle is viii foote long and -v fote wide and xi fote of height. And it is not longe sythen the -sepulchre was all open, y^t men might kysse it and touche it: but for -men that came thether payned[1] them to breake the stones in peces or -pouder, therefore the Soudan hath made a wall about the sepulchre that -no man may touch it. On the lefte syde is no wyndowe, but therein -is many lampes light, and there is a lampe that hangeth before the -sepulcre lyght brenning and on the fryday it goeth oute by itselfe, -and lyghteth againe by itselfe at the houre that our Lorde rose from -death to life. And within that church upon that right side is the -mount Calvary, where our Lord was done on the crosse, and the crosse -was sette in a morteys[2] in the roche that is white of coloure, and a -lyttle redde medled[3] with, and upon that roche dropped the bloude -of the woundes of our Lord whan he was pained on the crosse & that is -called Golgatha and men go up to that Golgatha upon greces.[4] And in -that mortays was Adams head founde after Noyes flood, in token that -the sinnes of Adam, shoulde bee boughte in the same place, and -aboue that roche made Abraham sacryfice to our Lord, and there is an -auter,[5] and before that auter lyeth Godfry of Boleyn,[6] Bawdewyn[7] -and other that were Christen and kinges of Hierusalem. And ther as our -Lord was done[8] upon the crosse, is thys wrytten in greke, _Otheos[9] -basylon, ysmon persemas, ergaste sothyas oyos_. That is to say in -latine, _Hic Deus Rex noster ante secula operatus est salutem in -medio terræ_, That is to saye, This God our King before worldes, hath -wrought healthe in the myddes of the earth. And also upon the roche -where the crosse was fyxed is wrytten within the roche, _Eros[10] -guyst basys, thou, pestes, thoy, thesmoysy_. That is to say in latin, -_Quod vides est fundamentum totius mundi et hujus fidei_. And it is to -saye, that thou seest, is grounde of all the world and of this faith. -And ye shall understande that our Lorde whan he dyed was thyrty & -two[11] yeare olde and three monethes and the prophecie of David sayth -that he should haue xl yeares, when he saith thus. _Quadraginta annis -proximus fui generatione huic_, that is to say, fourtie yeare was I -neighbour to this kinde, and thus it should seme that prophecie were -not sothe,[12] but it is. For in olde time men called yeares of ten -monethes of the which Marche was the fyrst & December the last. But -Cayus Cezar[13] that was Emperour of Rome dyd sette to these two -moneths Januarie & Februarie and ordeyned the yere of xii months. That -is to say ccc[14] dayes without lepe yere the proper course of the -sonne and therefore after the accompting of x moneths to the yeare, he -dyed in xl yeare and three moneths. - -[Illustration] - -Also within mounte Calvary at the ryghte syde is there an aulter where -the piller lyeth that our Lorde was bound to when he was scourged and -thereby are three[15] other pyllers that alwaye drop water, and some -saye that those pyllers weepe for our Lords death, and neare this -aulter in a place xlii grees[16] depe was founde the verye crosse by -the assent[17] of sainct Eleyn[18] under a roch where the Jewes had -hydde it and it was assayed, for they founde three crosses, one of our -Lorde and two of theves. And Saint Elene assayed them on a dead body -that rose as sone as the very[19] crosse of our Lorde was laid on him. -And thereby, in the vale, is the place where the foure nayles of our -Lord were hyd, for he had two nayles in his handes and two in his -fete, and one of those nailes the Emperour of Constantinople[20] dyde -make a bridell for his horse to beare him in bataile, for by[21] the -vertue that it had, he overcame his enimies, and wan[22] all the -land of Asye, Turky, Damasse the more[23] and the lesse, Surrey and -Hierusalem, Araby, Percy, and Mesopotamy, the Kingdome of Alabe,[24] -Egipt the high and the lowe, and other kingdomes many full nyghe all -unto Ethyope the low, and also unto Inde the lesse, that then was -chrysten. And there was in that tyme many good men and holy hermits, -of whome the booke of[25] the fathers lyves speaketh, and they are now -in Paynims & Sarasins handes, but whan God will righte[26] as these -landes are lost through sinne of Christen men, so shall they be won -againe by christen men throygh the helpe of God. And in the myddes of -this Church is a compasse,[27] in the which Joseph of Armath[28] layd -the body of our Lord whan he had taken him of[29] the crosse & upon -the same place dyd he wash the fete of our Lorde, & that compasse men -say is in the myddes of the world. - - - [Footnote 1: Tried hard.] - - [Footnote 2: Mortise.] - - [Footnote 3: Mixed.] - - [Footnote 4: Steps.] - - [Footnote 5: Altar.] - - [Footnote 6: Bouillon.] - - [Footnote 7: Baldwin.] - - [Footnote 8: Placed.] - - [Footnote 9: Should read "[Greek: Ho Theos Basileus hêmôn pro - aiônôn eirgasato sôtêrian en mesô tês gês.]"] - - [Footnote 10: Should read "[Greek: Ho eides, esti Basis tês - pisteôs holês tou kosmou toutou.]"] - - [Footnote 11: Other editions have 33 years and 3 months.] - - [Footnote 12: Sooth, true.] - - [Footnote 13: Caius Julius Cæsar.] - - [Footnote 14: Other editions give the proper number of days, - _viz._, 365.] - - [Footnote 15: Other editions say four, which is the number - represented in the engraving.] - - [Footnote 16: Paces.] - - [Footnote 17: Perception, or sagacity. _Lat._, sensus.] - - [Footnote 18: Helena, mother of Constantine.] - - [Footnote 19: True, veritable.] - - [Footnote 20: Another is said to be incorporated in the - so-called Iron Crown of Lombardy. Guisto Fontanini, Archbishop - of Ancyra, gives a list of twenty-three places claiming to - have a nail--Venice having _three_. M. Rohault de Fleury gives - six more--whilst, according to tradition, Helena sent two - to her son, and threw one in the sea to still a storm, thus - leaving but one to meet all demands.] - - [Footnote 21: Through.] - - [Footnote 22: Won or conquered.] - - [Footnote 23: Greater.] - - [Footnote 24: Aleppo.] - - [Footnote 25: The Vitæ Sanctorum Patrum, many old printed - copies of which exist.] - - [Footnote 26: When God thinks fit.] - - [Footnote 27: A linen swathing-band.] - - [Footnote 28: Arimathæa.] - - [Footnote 29: Off.] - - - - -CAP. XXI. - - _Of the church of the holy sepulchre._ - - -IN that Churche of the sepulcre on the north syde is the place where -our Lord was done[1] (_in_) prison, and there is a part of the -cheyne with which he was bound, and there he appeared fyrst to Mary -Magdeleyne when he was risen from death and she trowed[2] that he -had bene a gardeiner. In the Church of the sepulcre was wont to be[3] -Chanons of sainct Benet and they had a pryour; but the Patryarke was -theyr soveraigne. - -And without the dores of the Churche on the righte syde as men go up -xviii grees,[4] our Lorde sayde to his mother[5] _Ecce filius tuus_. -That is to say, Woman beholde thy sonne, _De inde dixit discipulo, -Ecce mater tua_. That is to say, Then said he to his disciple, Behold -thy mother.[6] And these wordes he sayde when he hanged upon the -crosse. And upon these greces went our Lorde when he bare the crosse -uppon his shoulder, and under these greces is a Chappell where the -priestes synge, but not after our lawe, and alway they make theyr -Sacrament of the aulter of bread, say _Pater noster_ &c., and other -prayers, as with the which thing they say the wordes of whome the -sacrament is made, for they know not of the addicions that many Popes -haue made but they singe in good devocion. And nere there is the stone -wher our Lord rested him when he was wery for bearing of the crosse. -And ye shall understand that before the Churche of the Sepulcre is the -citie most strong[7] for the great playne that is betwene the citie -& the church; on the East side without the walles of the citie is the -vale of Josaphat that commeth to the walles. In that vale of Josaphat -without the citie, is the churche of sainct Stephen where he was -stoned to death, and thereby is the gate gylted that may not be -opened. Through this gate our Lord entred on palme Sonday upon an -asse, and the gate opened against him whan he would go to the Temple, -and yet are the steppes of the asse sene in three places the which -stand[8] in full harde stones. Before the churche of the sepulcre -two hundred paces, is a great hospitall of Sainct John, in the which -hospytall are liiii pyllers made of stone. - -[Illustration] - -And to go towarde the East from the hospitall is a righte fayre -churche that men call our lady the greate, and then is there another -church after that, that men call our lady of the latyn,[9] and there -it was Mary Cleophe and Magdeleyne drew[10] theyr here whan oure Lord -was put to death. - - - [Footnote 1: Put.] - - [Footnote 2: Thought or believed.] - - [Footnote 3: Were formerly Canons of the Order of St. - Benedict.] - - [Footnote 4: Should be _greces_ or steps.] - - [Footnote 5: The printer has omitted the word "_Mulier_ ecce," - &c.] - - [Footnote 6: Gospel according to St. John, cap. 19, vv. 26, - 27.] - - [Footnote 7: _Pynson_ says, "most wake" or weak, and other - editions say, "feeble."] - - [Footnote 8: _Pynson_ has this passage: "The wyche are full of - harde stones."] - - [Footnote 9: _Pynson_ says "Nostre dame de Vatyns."] - - [Footnote 10: Tore.] - - - - -CAP. XXII. - - _Of the Temple of God._ - - -AND from the churche of the sepulcre towarde the East at xviii[1] -paces is _Templum Domini_. That is a fayre house and it is all rounde -and ryghte high & covered with leed,[2] and it is well paved with -white marble, but y^e Sarasins wyl suffre no christen men ne Jewes to -come therein, for they say that so[3] foule men should not come into -that holye place, but I came therein and in other places where I -woulde, for I had letters of the Soudan, wyth hys great seal, and, -commonly, other men but have of his signet, and men beare hys letter -with his seale before them hanginge on a speare, and men do great -worship thereto, and kneele against[4] it as it were against God's -body: for those men that it is sent to, before they take it, they -encline[5] thereto and then they take it, and laye it upon their -heads, and afterward they kisse it, and then they reade it, all -enclining with great worship, and then they profer[6] them to do all -that the bringer will. And in this Templum Domini were wont to be -Chanons regulers, and they had an Abbot to whome they were obedient, -in this Temple was Charlemaine when the Aungell brought him the -prepuis of our Lorde when he was circumsised, and after King Charles -brought it to Acon[7] into our Ladies Chapell. - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Other editions say 160 paces.] - - [Footnote 2: Lead.] - - [Footnote 3: Such unclean.] - - [Footnote 4: Before.] - - [Footnote 5: Bow.] - - [Footnote 6: Proffer or offer.] - - [Footnote 7: _Pynson_ and others say Paris.] - - - - -CAP. XXIII. - - _Yet of the temple of God._ - - -AND ye shall understande that this is not the temple that Salomon -made, for that temple lasted but a thousand, an hundred and two yeare. -For Titus, Vespasianus Son, that was Emperour of Rome that layde -syege about Hierusalem for to discomfyte the Jewes, for they hadde put -Chryst to death without leave of the Emperour, and when he had taken -the citie he did brenne the temple and caste it downe, and toke all -the Jewes and put to death CXIM and the other he put in prison, and -solde xxx for a peny for they sayd that they bought Jesu Christ for -xxx pence. And sithen[1] gave Julian Apostata leve to y^e Jewes to -make the Temple of Hierusalem againe for he hated christen men, and -yet he was Chrysten, but he forsoke his lawe. And whan the Jewes hadde -made the Temple, then came an earthe quacke (as God woulde) and caste -downe all that they had made. Sythen Adryan the Emperour that was of -them of Troye made Hierusalem againe and the Temple in that same maner -that Salomon made it, and would that no Jewe should dwell there but -all christen men, for if all it were[2] so that he was not chrystened, -he loved the christen men more than other men, save men of his owne -fayth. And this emperour dyd enclose and wall the church of the holy -sepulcre within the citie, that before was farre without the citie, -and he would have chaunged the name of Hierusalem and called it -Helyam,[3] but that name lasted not longe. And ye shall wete[4] that -the Sarasins do greate worship to that Temple and they saye that place -is right holy, and when they go therein they go bare foote and knele -many times downe. And when I and my felowes came therein, we did of[5] -our harnesse[6] and came bare foote into the Temple & thought that we -should doe as much or more than they that were mistrowing.[7] And this -Temple is three score[8] and three cubites of wydenesse and as much of -length and xxxii[9] cubites in height and covered with lead and it is -within full of pillers of Marble. And in the middes of the Temple is -a stage of twenty[10] and foure greces of height and good pillers all -about. This place called of Jewes _Sancta Sanctorum_. That is to say -Holy of Holyest and in that place cometh none but their prelate that -maketh theyr sacrafyce, and the people standeth all about in divers -stages, after they are[11] of dignitie and worshippe, and there be -foure entrings into that Temple and the dores are of Cipres -well dighte,[12] and within the East dore our Lord sayd, here is -Hierusalem. And on the northe syde within the dore is a fountaine but -it runneth not; of the which holy writ speaketh & saith thus--_Vidi -aquam egredientem de templo_. That is to saye, I saw water comming -out of the temple. And upon the other side is a roche that men calle -sometyme Moryach, but after it was called Belet,[13] or the arke of -God, with the reliques of the Jewes. Thys arke did Titus cary with him -to Rome when he had discomfited all the Jewes. In that same arke were -the ten commandementes and Aarons rodde and Moyses rodde with which he -departed[14] the red sea, when the people of Israell passed through -on dryefoote & with that rod he did many wonders, and there was the -vessell of gold ful of manna, & clothing & ornaments & the tabernacle -of Aaron, and a table square of golde with twelve precious stones, & -a box of Jasper graven with four figures & eight names of our Lorde -within, & seven candlesticks of golde, & foure sensers of golde, and -an aulter also of fine gold & foure lions of gold, uppon the which -they had Cherubin of gold twelve spanne long, & a tabernacle of golde -& also twelve[15] trumpets of silver & a table of sylver & seven barly -loves and all other reliques that were before the nativitie of Jesu. -Also upon this roch slept Jacob, when he sawe Aungels go up and downe, -and sayde, _Vere locus iste sanctus est, et ego ignorabam_, That is -to say Forsooth this place is holy & I wist[16] it not. And there the -Aungel chaunged Jacob's name and called him Israell. And in that same -place David saw the aungell that slew the people with a sworde, and -put it all blody in the shethe. And in this roch was saynct Symeon -when he received our Lorde into the temple, and on this roch he set -him when the Jewes would have stoned him and the roch rived in two and -in that refte[17] he hid him and after a sterre came downe & gave him -light. And on this roch sat our Lady and learned hir sauter.[18] And -there forgave our Lord the sinnes of the woman that was taken and -found in adoultry, and there was our Lorde Jesu Christ circumcised, -and there the Aungell denounced to Zachary the nativitie of sainct -Jhon Baptist, and there offred fyrst Melchisedech bread and wine and -water to our Lorde in tokening of the sacrament that was to come, and -there fell Davyd, praying to our Lorde for mercy for him and for his -people, when he sawe the Aungell slea[19] his people, and our Lorde -anon herde his prayer, & therefore woulde he make the Temple in that -place, but our Lorde Jesu Christ forbadde hym by an Aungell, for he -had done treason when he did slea Euryas, a good knight, for to haue -his wyfe. And therefore all that he had ordeined for to make the -Temple he betoke[20] it to Salomon hys sonne, and he made it, and he -prayed our Lorde, that all those that prayed in that place devoutly, -and wyth good hearte, that he woulde heare theyr prayer and graunt -that they asked ryght wysely, and our Lorde graunted it, and therefore -Salomons son called it the Temple of counseyll and helpe of God. -Wythout the dores of that Temple is an auter, where Jewes were wont to -offer doves[21] and turtylles, and in that Temple was Zachary slayne, -and on that pynacle the Jewes sette Sainct James that was the fyrst -Byshoppe of Hierusalem. And a lyttle from this temple on the right -syde, is a church covered with lead, that is called the scole[22] of -Salomon. And toward the south is the temple of Salomon that is full -fayre, and a greate place, and in this place dwell knightes y^t are -called Templars and that was the founder thereof and of theyr order -and in that Templum Domini dwell Chanons. From this Temple towarde -the East xxvi[23] paces in a corner of the citie, is the bathe of our -Lorde, and (_in_) thys bath was wont to go[24] to Paradise & beside -is our Ladies bed and nere there is the tombe of Saynt Symeon. And -without the Cloyster of the Temple towarde the North is a ryght -fayre Churche of Sainct Anne our Ladies mother, & there was our ladye -conceyved, and before that churche is a great tree that began to grow -that same nighte. And as men go downe from y^t Church xxii greces -lieth Joachim our ladyes father, in a tombe of stone and there nere -was layde sometyme sainct Anne, but saint Eleyne did translate hir to -Constantinople. In this churche is a well in maner of a cesterne that -is called _Probatica piscina_ that hath five entrings, and in that -cesterne was wont an Aungell to discende and sterre the water, and -what man that bathed him firste therein after the morning,[25] was -made hole that was sicke, what sycknesse so euer he had, and there was -the man of the palsye made hole, that was sicke xxxviii yeare and -our Lorde sayde to him in this maner of wyse _Tolle grabatum tuum et -ambula_. That is to say, take thy bed and go. And there besyde, was -the house of Pylate and a little thence was the house of Kinge Herode -that dyd slea the Innocentes. - - - [Footnote 1: Since then.] - - [Footnote 2: For even if he were not baptised.] - - [Footnote 3: Ælia.] - - [Footnote 4: Know.] - - [Footnote 5: Put off.] - - [Footnote 6: Armour.] - - [Footnote 7: Unbelieving.] - - [Footnote 8: Other editions say, respectively, 64, 120, and - 14.] - - [Footnote 9: As Footnote 8.] - - [Footnote 10: As Footnote 8.] - - [Footnote 11: According to their dignity, &c.] - - [Footnote 12: Finely ornamented.] - - [Footnote 13: Bethel.] - - [Footnote 14: Divided.] - - [Footnote 15: Other editions say 2.] - - [Footnote 16: Knew.] - - [Footnote 17: Rift or cleft.] - - [Footnote 18: Psalter.] - - [Footnote 19: Slay.] - - [Footnote 20: Bequeathed.] - - [Footnote 21: Pigeons and turtle doves.] - - [Footnote 22: School.] - - [Footnote 23: Other editions say 120.] - - [Footnote 24: Others say, "wont to come water _from_ - Paradise."] - - [Footnote 25: _Pynson_ has it "moving."] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP. XXIIII. - - _Of Herod the King._ - - -THIS King Herod was a full wycked man and a fell,[1] for he did firste -and formost slea his wife which he loved full well, and for the greate -love of hir, he went out of his witte,[2] and so was he a long time, -and afterwarde he came againe to himselfe. And sythen he did slea his -own children that he had gotten of that same wyfe, and after he made -slea[3] the other, his second wife & a son that he had gotten of that -same wyfe, and after he did slea his owne mother, & he wold also haue -slaine his owne brother, but his brother died sodeinly, and thus he -did all the yll that he might. And then he fell syke and when he sawe -that he should dye, he sent for his sister, and all the great lordes -of that countrie, and when they were there, he did put all the Lordes -into a toure and sayde to his syster, he wist well that the men of -the countrey should make no sorowe for him when he was deade, and -therefore he made hir for to sweare unto him that she should[4] do -smite of the heads of his lordes every one, after his death and then -shoulde men of the countrey make sorowe for his death or else they -woulde not sorowe and then he made his testament. But his sister -fulfylled it not as of that thing that pertayned unto the lordes, for, -as sone as he was deade, she delyvered the lordes out of the toure, -and sent every one home to theyr houses, and tolde them what hir -brother would that she do unto them. And ye shall understande that in -that tyme was three Herodes of great name. This of whome I speake, -men called him Herode Ascolonite, and he that did smite of Saint John -Baptist heade, was called Herode Antipa and the thirde was called -Herode Agrypa that did sleay Saint James and put Saint Peter in -prison. - - - [Footnote 1: Crafty.] - - [Footnote 2: In _Pynson's_ version it is "and for the greate - love that he had to hir, whan she was dede, he behelde her, - and want out of his wyt."] - - [Footnote 3: Killed.] - - [Footnote 4: Cause to be smitten off.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP. XXV. - - _Of Saynte Salvators church._ - - -[Illustration] - -A LYTTEL within the citie is saynct Salvatours church & therein is -Saint Jhon Crysostoms arme, and the most part of Sainct Stephens head. - -[Illustration] - -And on the other syde towarde the south as men go to mount Syon is a -fayre church of sainct James where his head was smitten of, and there -is mounte Syon and there is a fayre church of God and of our Lady -where she was dwelling and dyed, and there was sometime an Abbey of -Chanons regulers and from that place she was borne of the Apostles -unto the Vale of Josaphat. And there is the stone that y^e aungel bare -to our ladye from mount Synay & it is of that colour that the roche of -Sainct Katheryne is of, and there besyde is the gate where our Ladye -when she was with Childe went through to Bethlem. Also at the entrynge -of Mount Syon is a chappell and in that Chapell is that stone greate -and large, with which the Sepulcre was covered when Christe was layde -therein, the which stone as it is wrytten y^e three Maryes saw turned -upward when they came to the sepulcre, and they found an Aungell that -sayd to them, that Christ was rysen from death to lyfe. And there is a -litle piller to the which our Lord was bounde and scourged, and there -was Anas house that was bishop of the Jewes in that time, and in that -same place forsoke Saint Peter our Lord thrise before the Cocke crewe. -And there is a part of the table on the which God made his maunde with -his disciples & yet is there the vessell with water out of the which -his disciples feete were washed, and thereby is Sainct Stephens grave -and there is the Aulter where our Lady heard the Aungels sing -masse and there appeared Christ fyrst to his disciples after his -resurrection, and when the gates were sperde,[1] and sayde _Pax -vobiscum_. That is to saye, Peace be to you. And on that Mount apeared -Christ to Sainct Thomas, and badde him assaye hys Wounde, and that was -the viii daye after his resurrection and then he beleved perfectly & -sayde _Dominus meus & deus meus_. That is to say in English, My Lorde -& my God. In that same Chappell behind the highe aulter were all -the Apostles on Witsonday, when the holy ghoste descended on them in -likenesse of fyre, and there made God Paske[2] with his disciples, and -there slepte Saynt Jhon the Evangelyst on our Lordes breast and saw -sleping many privy things of heaven. And mount Syon is within the -Citie, and it is a lyttle hygher than the other syde of the Citie, and -that Citie is stronger on that one syde than on the other, for at the -fote of mount Syon is a fayre Castell & strong which the Soudan -did cause to be made there. On mount Syon was King David buried and -Salomon and many other Kings of Hierusalem, and here is the place -where saint Peter wepte full tenderly when he had forsaken our Lorde, -and a stones cast from that is another place where our Lord was -judged, for that time was there Caiphas house & betwene that Temple -(_of_) Salomon and Mount Sion is the place where Christ raysed -the mayden from death to lyfe. Under mount Syon toward the vale of -Josaphat is a well that men call Natatorium[3] Sylo, there was our -Lord washed after he was baptized. And thereby is the tree on which -Judas hanged himselfe for dispaire when he had soulde Christ. And -thereby is the synagoge where the Bishops of Jewes and the Pharyses -came to hold theyr counsel and there Judas cast the xxx pence before -them & said _Peccavi tradens sanguinem justum_, That is to saye, I -haue sinned in betraying the innocent bloude. - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Shut.] - - [Footnote 2: Kept the Passover.] - - [Footnote 3: The Pool of Siloah.] - - - - -CAP. XXVI. - - _Of the feelde of Acheldemack[1] which was bought with the - xxx pence._ - - -ON the other syde of mount Syon towarde the South a stons Cast, is the -feeld that was bought with those xxx pence for which Christe was sold, -that men call Acheldemack, that is to say the feeld of bloude, in -that feelde is many tombes of Chrysten men for there bee many pylgrims -graven.[2] And also in Hierusalem toward the weast, is a fayre churche -where the tree grew of which the crosse was made and thereby is a -fayre churche where our lady mette with Elizabeth when they were -both with Chylde & sainct Jhon styrred in his mothers wombe and made -worship to our Lord his maker, and under the aulter of the church is -a place where Sainct Jhon was borne and thereby is the castell of -Emax.[3] - - - [Footnote 1 Aceldama.] - - [Footnote 2 Buried.] - - [Footnote 3: Emmaus.] - - - - -CAP. XXVII. - - _Of mount Joye._ - - -TWO myle from Hierusalem is the mounte Joye that is a fayre place and -a liking, & there lieth Samuell the prophete in a fayre tombe, and it -is called mount Joye for there many pylgrims se first Hierusalem. And -in the middle of the Vale of Josaphat is a lyttle ryver that is called -Torrens[1] Cedron, and over thwart this laye a tree, of the which -the crosse was made, that men passed over on. Also in y^e vale is a -churche of our lady, and there is the sepulchre of our lady, and our -lady was of age when she dyed, lxxii yeare. And there nere is the -place where our Lorde forgaue Sainct Peter all his sinnes and mysdedes -that he had done. And beside that is a chappell where Judas kissed our -Lorde, that men call Getsemay,[2] and he was taken of the Jewes, and -there lefte Christ his disciples before his passion, when he went to -praye, and seyd, _Pater si fieri potest, transeat a me calix iste_, -that is to say in English, Father if it may be done, let this chalice -go from me. Also thereby is a chapell where our Lord swet both bloud -& water and there is the tombe of King Josaphat, of whom the Vale had -the name, and on the syde of that Vale is the mount Olivet, and it is -called so for there groweth many Olive trees, and it is higher than -Hierusalem & therefore from that hill men may see into the streetes -of Hierusalem. And betwene that hill and the citie is nothing but the -vale of Josaphat and that is not full large, and uppon that hyl stode -our Lorde when he went into heaven, and yet semeth there the steppe[3] -of his left foote in the stone. And there is an Abbey of black chanons -that was great sometime, but now there is but a church. And but a -little thence xviii paces is a chapell, and there is the stone on the -which our Lord God sate and when he preched, and sayde thus, _Beati -pauperes spiritu, quoniam ipsorum est regnum celorum_. That is to saye -in English, Blessed be they that are poore in spirite, for theyrs is -the Kingdome of heaven, and ther he taught his disciples theyr _Pater -noster_. There also is a churche of that blessed woman Mary Egypcian, -and there is she buryed. And uppon the other side towarde the East -three bow shotes from thence, standeth Bethephage, where our Lorde -Jesu Christ sente Sainct Peter and saynte James, for to fetch an asse -on Palme Sonday. - - - [Footnote 1: The Brook Kedron.] - - [Footnote 2: Gethsemane.] - - [Footnote 3: Footprint.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP. XXVIII. - - _Of the Castell Bethania._ - - -THERE toward the East is a castel, that men call Bethania and there -dwelled Symon the lepruse, that harborowed[1] our lord, and them that -were Baptysed of his disciples, and he was called Julyan and was made -Bishop and that is he that men call on for good harborow.[2] In that -same place our lord forgave Mary Magdeleyne hir sinnes, and there she -washed his fete with teares & wiped them with hir here & there was -Lazarus raised that was foure dayes deade. - - - [Footnote 1: Lodged.] - - [Footnote 2: Protection.] - - - - -CAP. XXIX. - - _Of Jerico and other things._ - - -IN the returning to mount Olivet, is the place where oure Lorde wept -uppon Hierusalem and thereby[1] our Lady apeared to Sainct Thomas -after hir assumption and gave him hir gyrdell and thereby is the stone -on the which our Lorde sat often upon and preched and thereon he shall -syt at the day of Judgement, as himselfe sayd. And there is mount -Galile where the appostels were gathered when Mary Magdelein tolde -them of Christe's rising. Betwene mount Olivet & mount Galile is a -church, where the Aungell sayde to our Lady when she should die. And -from Bethany to Jerico is fiue myle. Jerico was sometime a little -citie but it was wasted, and now it is but a lyttle towne, that towne -toke Josue through miracle of God, & bydding of the aungell, and -destroyed it, & cursed all those that builded it againe. Of that citie -was Raab that common woman, that received messengers of Israel & kept -them from many perils of deth, & therefore she had a good rewarde, -as holy writ sayth "_Quando accepit prophetum in nomine meo mercedem -prophetæ accipiet_." That is to say, He that taketh a prophet in my -name, he shall take mede of a prophet.[2] - - - [Footnote 1: Close by.] - - [Footnote 2: Matt. x. 41, "He that receiveth a prophet in the - name of a prophet, shall receive a prophet's reward."] - - - - -CAP. XXX. - - _Of the holy place betwene Bethany and flom Jordane and - other things._ - - -ALSO from Bethany men go from Jordan thorow the Wildernesse and it is -nere a daies journey betwene. Toward the East is a great hill where -our Lord fasted XL dayes & upon this hill was Christ brought of the -fende[1] of Hell, & sayd to him thus, _Dic ut lapides isti panis -fiant_. That is to say, Commaund that these stones be made bread. -And there is an Hermitage wher dwelled a maner of Christen men called -Georgins[2] for sainct George converted them, and upon that hill -dwelled Abraham a great whyle. Also as men go to Jerico, in the way -sate many sicke men crying, _Jesu fili David, misere nobis_. That is -to say, Jesu the sonne of David have mercie upon us. And two myle from -Jerico is flom[3] Jordan & ye shall wete the dead sea departeth the -lande of Jude and of Araby and the water of the sea is right bitter -and this water casteth out a thinge that men call _aspatum_[4] as -great pieces as a horse. And Hierusalem is cc furlonges from this -sea, and it is called the dead sea, for it runneth not, nor no man, ne -beast, that hath life, that is therein, may lyve, and that hath bene -proved many times, for they have cast therein men that were judged to -death, nor no man may drinke of that water & if men cast yron therein -it commeth up againe, and if a man cast a fether therein it goeth to -the grounde, and that is against kinde.[5] - -[Illustration] - -And there about grow trees that beare fruite of faire color and seme -rype, but when a man breaketh them or cut them, he findeth naught in -them but coales or asshes, in tokening that throughe the vengaunce of -God these cities were brent with the fyre of hell. And some men call -that lake the lake of Alphytedde,[6] and some call it the flome of -the divell, and some call it the stinking flome, for the water thereof -stynketh. There sanke these five cities through the wrath of God, that -is to saye, Sodome, Gomor,[7] Aldema,[8] Solome,[9] and Segor, for the -sinne that raigned in them, but Segor through the prayer of Loth, -was saved a great while, for it sat on an hyll, and yet apeareth much -thereof above the water, and men may see the walles in cleare weather. -And in this citie of Segor, Loth dwelled a great while . . . . . . . . -. . . . . . . and at the ryght side of this see dwelled Lothes wife in -a stone of salt for that she looked againe when the citie sanke downe. - - - [Footnote 1: Fiend.] - - [Footnote 2: Georgians.] - - [Footnote 3: River. _Lat._, Flumen.] - - [Footnote 4: Asphaltum.] - - [Footnote 5: Nature.] - - [Footnote 6: Assa f[oe]tida.] - - [Footnote 7: Gomorrah.] - - [Footnote 8: Aldama.] - - [Footnote 9: Seboym.] - - - - -CAP. XXXI. - - _Of Abraham and his generation._ - - -AND ye shall understande that Lothe was Arons sone, Abraham's brother, -and Sara Abraham's wyfe was Loths syster, and Sara was xc yere olde -when she gate Ysaac and Abraham had another son named Ismael that he -had gotten on his mayden Ager. And when Ysaac was viii days olde he -was circumcised and his other son Ismaell was cyrcumcised the same -day and was xiiii yeare of age, therefore the Jewes that be of the -generation of Isaac do circumcyse them at the viii day of theyr age -and the Sarasyns that be of Ismaels kinde doe cyrcumsise them at theyr -xiii yeare of age. And into that dead sea aforesayde runneth flome -Jordan and maketh there an ende and this is within a myle of saint -Jhons church & a lyttle beneth that same church Westward, were the -Christen men are wont to bath them & a myle thence is the river Loth, -through which Jacob went when he came from Mesopotamye. - - - - -CAP. XXXII. - - _Of the river Jordan._ - - -THIS flom Jordan is no great ryver nor depe, but there is much good -fishe therein, and it commeth from mount Lybany from two welles, that -men call Jor and Dane and of them it taketh the name. And upon the one -syde of that river is mount Gelboe,[1] and there is a fayre playne. -And on that other syde men goe by mount Lybany, to the desert -of Pharon.[2] These hylles departe the kingdome of Surry and the -countreys of Phenys.[3] On that hyll grow Cedres that beare longe -apples which are as muche as a mannes heade. Thys flom Jordan -departeth Galily and the lande of Idumea and the lande of Botron[4] & -it runneth into a playne that men call Meldam[5] in Sarasyns language, -and in Englyshe, fayre, because ofte tymes bee there kepte great -fayres, and in the playne is the tombe of Job. In this flom Jordane -our Lord was baptised, and there was the voice of the Father hearde -saying, _Hic est filius meus dilectus, in quo mihi bene complacui, -ipsum audite_. That is to saye in English, Here is my sonne that -I love, in whome I am well pleased, heare him. And the holy ghost -descended on him in lykenesse of a doue & so was there in thys -baptysing all the Trinitie. And through the flome Jordan passed the -children of Israell all dry, and they sette stones in the myddest of -the water, in token of great myracle. And also in that flome Naaman of -Surry bathed him, that was mesel, and he was made hole, and a lyttle -from thence is the citie of Hay, the which Josue assayled and toke. -And about flom Jordan are many churches where Christen men dwel, -also by flom Jordan, is the vale of Mambre that is a fayre vale & a -plenteous. - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Gilboa.] - - [Footnote 2: Pharan.] - - [Footnote 3: Ph[oe]nicia.] - - [Footnote 4: Betron.] - - [Footnote 5: In all probability the same as the Arabic word - _Multamin_, which means a congregation of visitors.] - - - - -CAP. XXXIII. - - _Of many other mervailes._ - - -AND ye shall understande, that for to go from the dead sea afterward -out of the marche of the land of promissions, is a stronge Castell -that men call Carran[1] in Sermoys, that is to saye, the kinges hyll -in English. This castell did a King of Fraunce make, that men call -Baudewin, that had conquered all that lande, and put it into Christen -mens handes to kepe, and under that castell is a fayre towne that men -call Sabaoth, and there about dwell many Christen men under tribute. -And then go men to Nazareth, of the which our Lord had his name. And -from Nazareth unto Hierusalem is three dayes journey. Also men go -through the province of Galyle, through Romacha,[2] through Sophyn,[3] -and through the hygh hill of Effrayne,[4] where Anna that was Samuells -mother the prophet dwelled, & there was the prophete borne and after -his deathe was buried at mount Joye as I have sayde. And after come -men to Sybula,[5] where the Arke of God was kepte under Helye[6] the -Prophete. And there made the people of Israell[7] theyr sacrafyce unto -our Lorde. Also there spake our Lorde fyrst unto Samuell and there -mynistered God the sacrament. Also nere there at the lefte side is -Gabaon[8] and Rama[9] & Benjamin of the which holy writ speaketh. -After that come men to Sychem, that some men call Sycar and this is in -the province of Samaritanes, and sometime there was a Church, but it -is all wasted, and it a faire vale and plenteous, and there is a good -citie that men call Neople,[10] and from thence it is a dayes journey -unto Hierusalem. And there is the well where oure Lorde spake to the -woman of Samaritane, and Sechen is ten myle from Hierusalem and it is -called Neople, that is to saye, the new towne. And there is the Temple -of Joseph, Jacobs sonne, that governed Egipte, and from thence were -his bones brought and layde in the temple, and thyther came Jewes -often in pilgrimage with great devotion, and in that citie was Jacob's -daughter Diana ravished, for whom hir brethren slewe many men, and -thereby is the citie of Garysim[11] where the Samaritanes make their -sacrifyce. - -[Illustration] - -On this hill wold Abraham haue sacryfised his sonne Isaac and there -nere is the vale Dotaym,[12] and there is the cesterne that Josephe -was cast in of his bretherne before that they solde him, and it is two -myle to Sichar, and fro thence men come to Samary,[13] that men call -Sabaste, and that is the chiefe citie of that countrey, and in that -citie was the seat of the twelve Kynges of Israell, but it is not so -great as it was. And there was saint John Baptist buried betwene two -prophetes Helyas[14] and Abdon,[15] but he was beheaded in the castell -of Makaryn besyde the dead sea and he was translated[16] of his -disciples and buried at Samary, but there dyd Julius apostata take -hys bones and brente[17] them, for he was that tyme Emperour, but that -finger with whiche hee shewed our Lord saying, _Ecce Agnus dei_, That -is to say, Beholde the lamb of God, and that finger might not bee -brent, and sainct Tecla[18] the Virgin did bring this finger under the -Alphen,[19] that be mountaynes, where they do it great worshippe. And -there was sainct Jhon Baptist head closed in a wall, but the Emperour -Theodosius did take it out, and found it lapped in a clothe all -bloudie, and bare it to Constantinople, and there is yet the one halfe -of the head, and the other is at Rome in Saint Sylvesters church, & -the vessell wherein his head was layde when it was smitten of is at -Geene,[20] and they do it great worship. Some saye that Sainct Jhons -hedde is at Amiens in Pycardy, and some say it is saincte Johns head -the byshop. I wot not but to God it is knowne. - - - [Footnote 1: In some other editions called Carak.] - - [Footnote 2: Ramoth.] - - [Footnote 3: Sodom.] - - [Footnote 4: Ephraim.] - - [Footnote 5: Shiloh.] - - [Footnote 6: Eli.] - - [Footnote 7: Hebron.] - - [Footnote 8: Gibeon.] - - [Footnote 9: Ramah.] - - [Footnote 10: Neapolis.] - - [Footnote 11: Gerizim.] - - [Footnote 12: Dothan.] - - [Footnote 13: Samaria.] - - [Footnote 14: Elisha.] - - [Footnote 15: Abdias.] - - [Footnote 16: Carried away.] - - [Footnote 17: Burnt.] - - [Footnote 18: Was an English woman, and was invited by St. - Boniface into Germany, where she was made Abbess of Kissengen, - near Wurtzburg in Bavaria.] - - [Footnote 19: Alps.] - - [Footnote 20: Genoa.] - - - - -CAP. XXXIIII. - - _Of the Samaritanes._ - - -[Illustration] - -FROM Sebasten to Hierusalem is xii myle and betwene the hylles of this -countrey is a well, that men call _fons Jacob_, That is to say -Jacobs well, that chaungeth foure times in the yeare his coloure, for -sometyme it is redde, sometymes cleare, sometime grene and sometyme -thycke, and men that dwell there are called Samarytanes, & they were -converted through the Apostles and theyr law varieth from Christen law -and Sarasins lawe and also from Jewes & Paynims. They beleve well in -one God that all shall deme,[1] and beleve the Byble after the lettre, -and they lappe theyr heads in redde linnen cloth, for difference of -other, for Sarasins wrap theyr heads in white cloth & christen men -that dwell there in blew cloth, and Jewes in yelow, and in this -country dwell many Jewes paying tribute as Christen men doth. - - - [Footnote 1: Regard, consider, or suppose.] - - - - -CAP. XXXV. - - _Of Galyle._ - - -FROM this countrey that I have spoken of, men go to the playne of -Galyle and leave the hyll on the one side and Galyle is of the -province of the lande of promyssion and in that province is the lande -of Naym and Capharnaym and Corasaym and at Bethsayda was Saint Peter & -Saint Andrew borne. At Carasaym shall Antechrist be borne, and as some -men say he shall be borne in Babilon therefore sayd the Prophet, _De -babilonia Coluber exiet, qui totum mundum devorabit_, That is to say, -Of Babilon shall come a serpent that shall devoure all the worlde. And -this Antechrist shall be nourished in Bethsayde and shall raign in -Corasaym, therefore sayth holy writ, _Ve tibi Corasaim Ve tibi -Bethsayda_, that is to say, Wo be to the Corasaim, Wo be to the -Bethsayda. And the cave of Galyle is foure myle from Nazareth. Of that -citie was the woman of Cananee, of whome the Gospell speaketh, and -there our Lorde did the fyrst myracle at the wedding at the -Archedeclyne[1] when he turned water into wine. And from thence men go -unto Nazareth that was sometime a great Citie, but now there is but a -lyttle towne and it is not walled, and there was our Lady borne, the -name toke our Lorde of this Citie, but our Ladie was gotten at -Hierusalem. At Nazareth Joseph toke our lady to wyfe whan she was -fourtene yeare of age, and there the aungell saluted hir sayinge, _Ave -gratia plena Dominus tecum_, That is to saye, Hayll full of grace the -Lord be with thee. And there was sometime a great Church, and now is -there but a lyttle closet to receive the offryngs of the Pylgrymes, -and there is the well of Gabryell where our Lorde was wont to bathe -him in wan he was lyttle. At Nazareth was our Lord nouryshed, and -Nazareth is to say floure of gardeyn & it may be well called so, for -there was nourished the floure of lyfe, that was our lorde Jesu -Christ. At halfe a myle from Nazareth is the bloude[2] of our Lorde, -for the Jewes ledde him upon an hyghe roche to cast him downe & slea -him, but Jesu Christ passed them and lepte on a roche where his steps -be yet sene, & therefore some when they dreade them of theves or else -of enemies, say thus, _Jesus autem transiens per medium illorum ibat_. -And they say also these verses of the Psalter three tymes, _Irruat -super eos formido & pavor in magnitudine brachii tui Domine Fiant -immobiles quasi lapis, donec per transeat populus tuus domine, & -populus iste quem redemisti_. And so when all this is sayd, a man may -go without any lettyng.[3] Also ye shall understande and know that our -blessed Lady bare hir chylde whan she was xv yeare of age, and she -lived with hym xxxii[4] yeare and three monethes, and after his -passion she lived xxii[4] yeare. - - [Footnote 1: _Pynson_ says Archetryclyne, [Greek: - Architriklinos], the president of a banquet.] - - - [Footnote 2: Should be _leap_.] - - [Footnote 3: Hindrance.] - - [Footnote 4: Other editions say 33 and 24, which would make - the Virgin's age 72 when she died (see _ante_, p. 70).] - - - - -CAP. XXXVI. - - _The way of Nazareth to the mount or hyll of Tabor._ - - -AND from Nazareth to the mounte Tabor is thre[1] myle, and there our -Lord transfygured hym before sainct Peter, sainct Jhon & sainct James. -And there they saw ghostly[2] our Lorde and Moyses and Helye the -prophetes. And therefore Sainct Peter sayde, _Bonum est nos hic esse, -faciamus tria tabernacula_, That is to say, It is good to us to be -here, make we three tabernacles. And our lord Jesu Chryste bad them -that they should say it to no man, unto the time that he was rysen -from death to lyfe. And uppon the same hyll shall foure aungels -sowne[3] theyr trompets, and rayse all men that are dead to lyfe, -and then shall they come in bodie and Soule to the Judgement, but the -Judgement shall be in the Vale of Josaphat on Easterday, at the same -tyme as our Lorde rose from death to lyfe. And also a myle from mounte -Tabor is mount Hermon, and ther was the citie of Namy,[4] before the -gates of the Citie our Lord raysed the wydowes sone, that had no more -Chyldren. - - - [Footnote 1: Others say 4.] - - [Footnote 2: In a spiritual shape.] - - [Footnote 3: Sound.] - - [Footnote 4: Nain.] - - - - -CAP. XXXVII. - - _Of the sea of Galyle._ - - -AND from thence men go to a citie that men call Tyberyen,[1] that -sitteth[2] on the sea of Galyle, it is no sea ne arme of the sea, -for it is but a staumble[3] of fresh water, and it is no more than an -hundred furlongs long and XL brode, and therein is many good fyshes. -And by that same sea, standeth many good cities, and therefore thys -sea chaungeth often his name after the cities that stande thereupon, -but it is all one water or sea and upon this sea, our Lorde went dry -fote and there sayde he to Peter when he came on the water, & was -nere drowned, _Modice fidei quare dubitasti?_ That is to saye, Thou of -lyttle fayth, why hadst thou doubte. - - - [Footnote 1: Tiberias.] - - [Footnote 2: On the borders of.] - - [Footnote 3: A pool or lake.] - - - - -CAP. XXXVIII. - - _Of the table whereon Christ eat after his resurrection._ - - -IN this citie of Tiberyen is the table that Christ eat on with his -disciples after his resurrection & they knew him in breaking of bread -(as holy writ saith) _Et cognoverunt eum in fractione Panis_. That -is to say, they knew him in breaking of bread. And aboute the hyll of -Tiberien is the citie where our Lord fed v thousand people with five -Barly loves and two fishes, and in that same citie did men cast -in anger a fierbrand or burning stick after our Lord, but the same -burning sticke did fall on the earth, and incontinent grew out of the -same sticke a tree, and is waxen a bigge tree, and groweth yet, and -the scales of the tree be all blacke. And ye shall understand that -flom Jordan beginneth under the hill of Libany, & there beginneth the -lande of promission, and it lasteth under Barsabe[1] of length, & from -the North part to the South, it holdeth ix score myle and of breadth -from Jerico to Jaffe it is XL mile, and ye shall understande that the -lande of promission beginneth at the Kingdome of Surry and lasteth -unto the wildernesse of Araby. - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Beersheba.] - - - - -CAP. XXXIX. - - _Of straunge maners and divers._ - - -[Illustration] - -AND in this countrey & in many other landes over the sea, it is a -maner when they have warre and cities or castels beseged so strongly -that they may send no messages to any lordes for socour then they -write their letters & binde them about the neckes of doves and let -them flie their wayes, bicause the dove is of that nature that he will -returne againe to the place where he is brought up, and thus they do -commonly in that countrey. And ye shal wete that among the Sarasins in -many places dwel christen men under tribute and they are of divers -maners, and divers maners of monkes, and they are all christened and -have divers lawes, but they all beleve well in our Lord God, the -father, the sonne, & in the Holy ghost, but yet they fayle in the -articles of our faith, and they are called Jacobyns. For sainct James -converted theym to the fayth, and sainct John baptised them, and they -say that men shall onely shryve[1] them unto God, & not unto man for -they saye that God bad not man shryve him unto another man. And -therefore saith David in the Psalter in this maner of wise, -_Confitebor tibi, domine in toto Corde meo, &c._ That is to saye, Lord -I shall shrive me unto thee in all my hart. And in another place he -saith thus, _Delictum meum tibi cognitum feci_. That is to saye, My -trespasse I have made knowne unto thee. And in another place, _Deus -meus es tu & confitebor tibi_. That is to saye, Thou art my god and I -shall be shriven to thee. And in another place _Quoniam cogitatio -hominis confitebitur tibi_, &c. That is to say, The thought of man -shal be shriven to thee, and they knowe well the Bible and Psalter but -they say it not in latin, but in their owne language, and they saye -that David and other prophetes have sayde it. But Sainct Austyn and -Saynct Gregory say, _Qui scelera sua cogitat, & conversus fecerit, -veniam sibi credat_, That is to say, Who so knowith his syn and -turneth, he may beleve to have forgivenesse. And Sainct Gregory sayth -thus, _Dominus potius mentem, quam verbum considerat_, That is to -saye, Our Lord taketh more kepe[2] to thought, than to worde, and -Sainct Hilarius sayth, _Longorum temporum crimina, ictu oculi pereunt, -si cordis nata fuerit compunctio_, That is to say, Synnes that are -done of olde tyme perysh in twinkling of an eye, if despising of them -be born in a mans heart. And therefore say they, men shal shrive them -onely to God, by these authorities, & this (_it_) was the Apostles, & -popes that came sithen haue ordeyned, that men shall shrive them to -priestes & men as they are, & the cause is this, for they saye that a -man that hath a sicknesse, men may giue him no good medecines but they -know y^t kinde of the sicknesse, also they say a man may give no -covenable[3] penaunce but if he know y^e sin. For there is a maner of -synne that is grevouser to one man than it is to another, and -therefore it is nedefull that a man should know and understande the -kinde of sinne. And there be also other men that men call Surryens and -they hold halfe our faith, and halfe the faith of the Grekes and they -have longe berdes as the Grekes have. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -And there ben[4] other that men call Georgiens, whome sainct George -converted, and they doe more worship to halowes[5] of heaven than -other doe, and they haue their crownes shaven, the clerkes haue rounde -crowns, and the lewde[6] have crownes square, & they holde the Grekes -lawe. And there be other that men call christen men of gyrding,[7] -for as much as they were gyrdels underneth, some other men call -Nestoryens, some Aryens, some Nubyens, some Gregours, and some Indiens -that are of Prester Johns lande, and euery one of those haue some -artycles of our belefe. But eche of them varye from other, and of -their varyaunce it were to muche to declare.[8] - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Confess.] - - [Footnote 2: Heed.] - - [Footnote 3: Convenient.] - - [Footnote 4: Be.] - - [Footnote 5: Saints.] - - [Footnote 6: Common people.] - - [Footnote 7: This arose from a curious ordinance in A.D. 856 - of the Khalif Motawakkel, who ordered both Jews & Christians - to wear leather girdles; hence those Christians who lived in - Syria were called "Christians of the girdle."] - - [Footnote 8: Tell.] - - - - -CAP. XL. - - _For to turne on this syde of Galyle._ - - -NOW sythen I haue tolde you of many maners of men, that dwell in the -countreys before said, now will I tourne againe to my waye for to -tourne uppon this side. Now he that will tourne from the lande of -Galyle, that I spake of, to come on this syde, he shall go through -Damas that is a fayre citie & full of good marchaundises, and it is -three Journeys from the sea and five journeis from Hierusalem, but -they cary marchaundises upon camels, mules, horses and dromedaries and -other maner of beastes. This citie of Damas founded Helyzeus, that was -Abrahams servaunte before Ysaac was borne, and he thought to haue bene -Abrahams heyre and therefore he named that citie Damas. And in that -place slew Cayne his brother Abel, and besyde Damas is y^e mount of -Syry, and in y^t Citie is many a Phisicion & y^t holy man. S. Paule was -a phisicion to saue mens bodys before y^t he was Converted, and after, -he was a phisicyon of soules. And from Damas men come by a place -called our Lady of Sardmarch,[1] that is fiue myle from Damas & it is -on a roch & there is a fayre churche and there dwell Monkes & Nunnes, -crysten, in the church, behynde the high auter is a table of tree,[2] -on the whiche table the ymage of our lady was depainted that many -tymes was turned into fleshe, but the ymage is now sene but a lyttle, -but evermore through grace of God, the table droppeth oyle, as it were -an Olyfe, & there is a vessell of marble under the table to receive -the oyle, thereof they giue to Pylgrimes, for it maketh whole many -sicknesses, and he that kepeth it clenely a year, after a yeare, it -turneth to fleshe and bloud. Betwene the citie of Darke and the citie -of Raphane is a ryver that men call Sabatory, for on the Saterday it -runneth fast, and all the weeke else it standeth styll and runneth not -or little. And there is another ryver that in the night freseth fast -and upon the day no frost is seene. And so men go by a citie that men -call Berugh,[3] and there men go into the sea that will go into Cipres -and they aryve at a porte of Sur or of Thyrry[4] & then men go to -Cipres, or else men go or may goe from the porte of Thyry ryght, and -come not to Cypres and arryve at some haven of Grece & there come men -into those countreys by ways that I haue spoken of before. - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Others say Sardenak.] - - [Footnote 2: On wood panel.] - - [Footnote 3: Others say Beruthe.] - - [Footnote 4: Tyre.] - - - - -CAP. XLI. - - _How a man may go furdest and longest in those countreys as - heare are rehersed._ - - -NOWE have I tolde you of wayes by the whiche men goe furthest and -longeste, as by Babylon and mount Synay, and other places many, -through the which landes men turne againe to the lande of promission. -Now will I tell you the way of Hierusalem, for some men will not passe -it, some for they have no company[1] and many other causes resonable -and therefore I shall tell you shortely how a man may go with lyttle -coste and short tyme. - -A man that commeth from the lande of the Weast, he goeth through -Fraunce, Burgoyn,[2] Lumberdy & to Venys or to Geen[3] or some other -haven of those marches, and take there a ship and go to the yle -Gryffe,[4] and so arryveth he in Grece, or else at port Myrock,[5] or -Valon or Duras or some other haven of those marches, and to go lande -for to reste hym, and goeth againe to the sea and arryveth at Cypres -and commeth not in the yle of Rodes and arriveth at Famagost that is -the Chiefe haven of Cypres or else at Lamaton, And then enter shyppe -againe, and passe besyde the haven of Tyre and come not to lande, and -so passeth by all the havens of the coste, untill he come to Jaffe, -that is the next hauen to Hierusalem, for it is xxviii[6] myle -betwene. And from Jaffe men go to the Citie of Ramos[7] & that is but -little thence, & it is a fayre citie & beside Ramos is a fayre churche -of our lady, where our lord shewed hym unto hir in three shadowes, -that betokeneth the trinitie, and there nere is a church of Sainct -George where his head was smitten of, and then to the Castell -of Emaux, and then to the mount Joye & from thence pilgrimes see -Hierusalem, and then to mount Modyn & then go to Hierusalem. At mount -Modyn lyeth the prophet Machabe,[8] and over Ramatha[9] is the towne -of Donke, whereof Amos the prophet was. - - - [Footnote 1: _i.e._, it was unsafe to go alone.] - - [Footnote 2: Burgundy.] - - [Footnote 3: Genoa.] - - [Footnote 4: In some editions Gryffh, Grif, or Gresse, - probably Crete.] - - [Footnote 5: In other editions Moroche or Myroche.] - - [Footnote 6: Others say 27.] - - [Footnote 7: Rames, Ramla.] - - [Footnote 8: Maccabeus.] - - [Footnote 9: Ramah Gibeon.] - - - - -CAP. XLII. - - _Of othar wayes for to go by lande unto Hierusalem._ - - -FOR as muche, as many men may not suffer the savour of the sea, & -better it is to go by lande even if it be more payne, and a man shall -go to one of the havens of Lumberdy as Venys or another, and he -shall passe into Grece to port Myroche, or another and shall goe to -Constantinople, and shall passe the water that is called the brache of -Saynt George that is an arme of the sea. And from thence ye shall come -to Pulveral, and then to the castel of Synople. And from thence shall -ye go unto Capadoce, that is a great countrey, wherein is many great -hylles and he shall go thorow Turky, and to the citie of Nike, the -which they wan from the Emperour of Constantinople, and it is a faire -citie and well walled, and there is a river that men call the Lay, -and there go men by the Alpes of Mormaunt, & through the vales of -Malebrynes and the vale of Ernax, and so to Antioche lesser, that -sitteth on the river richly, and there is about many good hills & -fayre and many fayre woddes and wild beastes. And he that will go -another way, he goeth by ye plaine of the Romain[1] Coste and the -Romaine sea. On that coste is a fayre castell that men call Florage, -and when a man is oute of the hilles, he passeth through the citie of -Moryach and Artose, where there is a great bridge upon the river of -Ferne, that men call Fassor,[2] & it is a great river bering ships, -and beside the citie of Damas, is the river that cometh from the mount -of Libany, and that men call Alban,[3] at the passing of this river -Sainct Eustache lost his two sonnes when he had lost his wife. And it -goeth through the playne of Archades, & to the red sea, and then men -go to the citie of Fermyne, and so to the citie of Ferne, and then to -Antioche & that is a fayre citie and well walled, for it is two myle -long, and there is a bridge over the river, that hath at eche pillar, -a good tower, and is the best citie of the Kingdome of Surrey. From -Antioche, men go to the citie of Locuth[4] and so to Geble[5] and to -Tortouse,[6] & thereby is the lande of Lambre & a strong castell, that -men call Mambeke. And from Tortouse, men go to Trypelle[7] on the -sea, and upon the sea men go to Dacres,[8] and there is two wayes to -Hierusalem, on the lefte way men go first unto Damas by flom Jordan, -and on the right syde men go throughe the lande Flagme and so to the -citie of Cayphas,[9] in which citie Cayphas was lorde, & some call -it the castell Pelleryus and from thence it is foure dayes journey -to Hierusalem & they go throughe Cesarye Phylyp,[10] and Jaffe, and -Ramas, Eumaux, & so forth to Hierusalem. - - - [Footnote 1: Roumanian.] - - [Footnote 2: ? Pharphar of the Scriptures.] - - [Footnote 3: ? Abana.] - - [Footnote 4: Latakijah.] - - [Footnote 5: Jebili.] - - [Footnote 6: Tortosa.] - - [Footnote 7: Tripoli.] - - [Footnote 8: Acre.] - - [Footnote 9: Caiffa.] - - [Footnote 10: Philippi.] - - - - -CAP. XLIII. - - _Yet another way by lande toward the lande of promission._ - - -NOW haue I tolde you some wayes by land and by water how men may go to -Hierusalem. And if it be so that there be many other wayes that men go -by, after the countreys that they come from, neverthelesse they tourne -all to one ende, yet is there a way all by land to Hierusalem, & -passe no sea from Fraunce or Flaunders, but that way is full longe -and perylous & of great travaile, & therefore few go that way, he that -goeth that way, he goeth through Almayn & Pruse and so to Tartary, -this Tartary is holden of the great Cane,[1] of whome I shall speake -afterwarde, for thether lasteth[2] his lordeshippe, and all the lords -of Tartary yelde to him tribute. Tartary is a full evill land, sandy -and a lytle fruite bearing, for there groweth but little corne or -fruyte, but bestes are there great plentie, and therefore eate they -but fleshe without breade, and they sup the broth, and they drynke -mylke of all maner of bestes, they eat Cattes, and all maner of -wyld bestes, rattes & myce, and they haue but lyttle wodde,[3] and -therefore they dyght[4] theyr meate with horse dounge & other bestes -doung, when it is dry. Princes and other lordes eate but ones in the -day, and ryght lyttle, and they be ryght foule folke, and of evyll -lyking, and in somer there is many tempests and thonders, that sleaeth -many men & bestes (_sodainly it is_) right colde, and sodainly it is -right hot. The Prince that governeth that land they call him Roco and -he dwelleth at a Citie that men call Orda, and forsoth there is no -man that will dwell in that lande, for it is good to sow in thornes -& wedes, other good is there none, as I herd say, for I was not that -way, but I have bene in other lordes landes marching thereon, and the -land of Rossye and Nyflonde & the Kingedome of Grecon[5] and Lectowe, -and the kingdome of Grasten[6] & in many other places, but I went -neuer that way to Hierusalem & therefore I may not tell it, for I haue -understande, that men may not well go that way but in winter, when the -waters and marys[7] that be in that lande be frosen and covered with -snow, so that men may passe thereon, for were not the snow, -there might no man go in that lande but he wer lost. And ye shall -understande that a man shall go three days journey from Pruse to passe -this waye, tyll he come to the lande of Sarasyns, that men dwell in. -And if by fortune any christen men passe that way, as once a yeare -they doe, they cary theyr vitale with them, for they shoulde finde -nothing there but a maner of things that they call Syleys, and they -cary theyr vytales upon the yce on sleddes[8] and charyottes without -wheles, and as long as theyr vitayles laste, they may dwell there, but -no longer. And when spyes of the countrey see christen men come, they -runne to the towns and castels and cry right loude, Kera, Kera, Kera, -and as sone as they haue cryed, then dothe the people arme them. And -ye shall understande that the yse there is harder than it is here, and -euery man hath a stew[9] in his house, and therein they eat and do all -things that them nedeth. And that is at the North part of the world, -where it is commonly colde, for the Sonne cometh ne shineth but a -little in that countrey, and that lande is in some places so colde, -that there may no man dwel therein, and on the South side of the world -it is in some places so hote, that there can no man dwel, the son -giveth so great heate in those countreys. - - - [Footnote 1: Khan.] - - [Footnote 2: For his dominions extend as far.] - - [Footnote 3: Wood.] - - [Footnote 4: Cook.] - - [Footnote 5: Cracow.] - - [Footnote 6: Darestan, or Silistria.] - - [Footnote 7: Marais or marshes, meres.] - - [Footnote 8: Sledges.] - - [Footnote 9: Stove.] - - - - -CAP. XLIIII. - - -INASMUCH as I haue told you of the Sarasins and of other landes, if ye -will I shall tell you a parte of theyr law, and of theyr beleve, after -as theyr boke sayeth, that they call Alkaron,[1] and some call that -boke Mysap,[2] some call it Harme[3] in diverse language of countreys, -which booke Machomet gave them, in y^e which boke he wrote among other -things as I have often red and sene, that they that are good shall goe -to Paradise, and the evill folkes to hell, and that beleeve all the -Sarasyns. And if a man aske of what Paradise they meane, they say it -is a place of delytes, where a man shall finde all maner of fruites at -all times, and waters, and rivers running with milke & hony, wine -and fresh water, and they shall have faire houses & good as they have -deserved, and those houses are made of precious stones, gold & sylver -& every man shall haue ten[4] wives and all maydens. Also they speake -often & beleve of the Virgin Mary and tell of the Incarnation, that -Mary was learned[5] of Aungels and that Gabriel sayd to hir that she -was chosen before all other from the beginning of the world, and that -wytnesseth well theyr booke, & Gabriel tolde hir of the incarnation of -Jesu Christ, and that she shoulde conceive and beare a childe and they -saye that Christ was a holy prophet in word & dede, and also meke & -rightwise to all men, and without any blame worthy. And they saye that -when the Aungell tolde hir of the incarnation, she hadde great dread, -for she was righte younge, and there was one in the countrey -that medled with sorcery, that men called Takina,[6] that with -enchauntements could make him lyke an Aungell and he went often and -lay with maidens, and therefore was Mary the more aferde[7] of the -Aungell, and thought in hir mynde that it had bene Takina that went to -maydens, and she conjured him that he should tell hir if he were the -same Takina, and the Aungell bad hir have no dreade for he was for -certayne a true messenger of Jesu Christ. Also theyr booke of Alkaron -saith, that she had a child under a palme tree, then was she greatly -ashamed and sayde that she woulde she had bene dead. As sone as hir -childe was borne, he spake and comforted hir and sayd, _Ne timeas -Maria_, That is to say, Be not afraide Mary. And in many other places, -sayth theyr booke Alkaron, that Jesu Christ spake as sone as he was -borne, & the booke sayth that Jesu Christ was sent of Almighty God to -be ensample to all men, and that God shall deme[8] all men, the -good to heaven and the wicked to hell & that Jesu Christ is the best -prophete of all other and nexte to God and that he was a holy prophet, -for he gave to the blynde theyr sight, and heled Mesels[9] & raysed -men and went all quick[10] to heaven. And if they may finde a boke -with gospels, namely, _Missus est Angelus_, they doe it great worship, -they fast a moneth in the yere & they eate but in the night, and they -kepe them from theyr wyves, but they that are syke are not Constrayned -to that. And that booke Alkaron speaketh of Jewes and sayth, they are -wicked people for they will not beleve that Jesu Christ is of God. -And they say, y^t the Jewes lye on our Lady and hir sonne Jesu Christ, -saying that they did him not on the crosse, for Sarasyns beleve so -nere our fayth, that they are lightly converted when men preche -the lawe of Jesu Christ, and they saye that they wote well by theyr -prophicies, that theyr lawe of Machomet shall fayll as doth the law of -Jews and that Christen mens laws shall last unto the worlds ende. And -if a man aske them wherein they beleve they say that they beleve in -god almightie, that is the maker of heaven and earth and all other -things and without him is nothing done and at the day of Judgement -when euery man shall be rewarded after his deserving, & that all -things is soth[11] that Christ said through the mouthes of his -prophetes. - - - [Footnote 1: The Koran.] - - [Footnote 2: Some say Meshaf. Mishaf means written sheets of - paper.] - - [Footnote 3: Harme is "Haram," _sacred_.] - - [Footnote 4: Some say 80.] - - [Footnote 5: Taught by.] - - [Footnote 6: Other editions have Taknia.] - - [Footnote 7: Afraid.] - - [Footnote 8: Judge.] - - [Footnote 9: Lepers.] - - [Footnote 10: Alive.] - - [Footnote 11: True.] - - - - -CAP. XLV. - - _Yet it treateth more of Machomet._ - - -ALSO Machomet badde in his boke Alkaron, that euery man shoulde -haue two wives or three or foure, but now they take nine and as many -lemmans as them liketh, & if any of their wives doe amisse against -their husbandes, he may driue hir out of his house, and take another, -but he must giue to hir part of his goodes. Also when men speake of -the Father, and the Sonne, and holy Ghost, they saye they are three -persons, but not one God, for their boke Alkoran speaketh not thereof, -nor of the trinitie, but they say that God spake or else he was dumb, -and that God hath a ghost,[1] or else he were not alive, & they say -Gods word hath great strength, and so saith theyr Alkaron & they say -that Abraham and Moyses were greatly in favor with God, for they spake -with him, & Machomet was right messenger of God. And they haue -many good articles of our faith and some understand the scriptures, -profites, gospels, and the Bible, for they haue them written in theyr -language, in this maner they knowe holy writ, but they understande it -not, but after the letter and so do the Jewes, for they understande it -not, but after their letter ghostly, and therefore saith Sainct Paule, -_Litera occidit: Spiritus vivificat_--that is to say, Letter dieth, -and ghost maketh quicke. And the Sarasins say y^t Jewes are wicked, -for they kepe not y^e lawe of Moyses the which he toke to them, & -also chrysten men are yll, for they kepe not the commaundments of the -gospels that Jesu Christ sent unto them & therefore I shall tell you -what the Soudan tolde me upon a daye in his chamber, voiding[2] out -all other men, as Lordes, Knightes & other, for he woulde speke with -me in counsel, and then asked he me how christen men governed them in -our countrey and I aunswered him & sayd, right well thankes be to God; -& he sayd, secretly nay, for he sayd that our priestes made no force -of gods service, for they shoulde giue good example to men, to doe -well, and they giue ill example, and therefore when the people should -go on the holy daies to church to serve God they go to the taverne to -sin in glotony both day and nighte, and eate and drink as bestes, that -wot not when they haue had ynough, and also Christen men he sayde, -inforced them to fight together & eche to begile other and they are -so proude, that they wot not how they may cloth them, now short, now -long, now straite now wyde, of all manner of fassions. They shoulde -be simple, meke and softe, and doe theyr almes as Jesu Christe dyd, -in whome they beleve, and he sayde they are so covetouse, that for a -lyttle money they sell theyr children, theyr systers, and theyr wyves, -and one taketh another mans wife, and none holdeth his fayth to other, -therefore sayde he, for theyr sinnes hath God given these landes to -our handes, and not through our strength, but all for your synnes. For -we wot well, that when that ye serve well your god, that he wyll helpe -you, so that no man shall winne of you, if that ye serve your god as -ye oughte to doe, but while they lyve so sinfully as they doe, we have -no dread[3] on them, for theyr God shall not helpe them. And then I -asked him how that he knew the state of Chrysten men in that maner, -& he sayde that he knewe well both of lordes and of commons, by -his messengers which he sent through all the countreys as it were -merchants with precious stones & other marchandise to know the manner -of euery countrey. And then he did call againe all the lordes into his -chamber to us & then shewed he unto me iiii persons that were great -lordes of that countrey, that shewed me the maner of my countrey, and -of all Christendome, as though they had bene men borne in the same -partes, and they speak french right well and the Soudain also, and -then I had greate marvaile of this slaunder of our faith and so they -that should bee turned by our good examples to the fayth of Jesu -Christe, they are drawen away through our evyl living, and therefore -it is no wonder if that they call us evyll, for they saye soth, but -the Sarasins are true for they kepe truly the commaundements of their -Alkaron that God sent them by his messenger Machomet, to whome they -say, Gabryell the Aungell spake often, and tolde to him the will of -God. - - - [Footnote 1: Spirit.] - - [Footnote 2: Turning.] - - [Footnote 3: Fear of.] - - - - -CAP. XLVI. - - _Of the byrth of Machomet._ - - -AND ye shall understande y^t Machomet was borne in Araby, and that he -was first a pore drudge & kept horse & went after marchaundise. And -so he came once into Egipt with marchaundise & Egipt was the same time -Christen, & there was a chappell besyde Araby, & there was an hermite -& when he came to the chappell y^t was but a lyttle house and a lowe, -as sone as he entered, it began to be as great as it were of a palas -gate and that was the first miracle that the Sarasyns saye that he did -in his youth. After began Machomet to be wise and rich and became a -great Astronomer, and sithen was he keper of the lande of the prince -Corodan and governed it full well, in such maner that when the prince -was dead he maryed the lady y^t men call Quadryge.[1] And Mahomet fell -often in the falling evill,[2] wherefore the lady was wroth that she -had taken him unto hir husband, & he made hir to understande that -every tyme that he fell so, he said that Gabriel the aungell spake to -him, and for the great brightnesse of the aungell he fell downe. This -Machomet raigned in Araby the yeare of our Lord, vi hundred and xx[3] -and he was of the kinde of Ismael that was Abrahams son that he begat -of Agar, and other are called Sarasins of Sara, but some are called -Moabites and some Amenites after the two sons of Loth. And also -Machomet loved well a good man an hermite that dwelled in the -wildernesse a myle from Mounte Sinay in the way as men go from Araby -to Caldee, and a dayes journey fro the sea where marchaunts of Venice -come, and Machomet went so often to this hermyte that all his men were -wroth, for he harde[4] gladly the hermit preach, and his men did -walke all the night & thought they would this hermyte were dead. So it -befell on a night that Machomet was full dronken of good wine, and he -fell in a slepe, and his men toke Machomets sworde out of his sheath -whyles he lay and slept, and therewith they slew the Hermit, and -afterwarde they put up the sword againe all bloudy, and upon the morow -when that he founde the Hermite thus dead, he was in his mynde verye -angry, and right wroth, and woulde haue done his men unto the death, -but they all with one accorde, and with one will sayde that he -himselfe hadde slaine hym when he was dronken, and they shewed his own -swerd all bluddy & then he beleved that they sayde soth, & then cursed -the wine & all those that drank it. And therefore Sarasins that are -devout drinke no wine openly, else they should be reprouved but they -drynke good beverage & sweete & nourishing that is made of Calamelles, -and thereof is suger made. - -[Illustration] - -And it befel[5] sometime, y^t christen men became Sarasins, either -through povertie, simplenesse, or wickednesse & therefore theyr -Archbishop when he received them, sayd thus,[6] _Laeles ella Machomet -roses ella_. That is to say, there is no God but one, and Machomet is -his messengere. And sithern[7] I have told you a part of theyr law, -and of theyr customes, now I shall tell you of theyr letters that they -haue with theyr names. First they have for A- almoy, B- bethath, c- -cathi, d- delphoy, e- ephoti, f- forthy, g- garophin, h- hechum, -i- iocchi, k- kattu, l- lothum, m- malach, n- nahalgt, o- orthy, p- -choziri, q- zothii, r- rucholat, s- routhi, t- solathy, v- chorimus, -x- yrithom, y- mazot, z- alepin & ioheten- com--these are the names. -These foure letters have they yet more for diversitie of their -language, for as much as they speake so in their throtes, as we have -in our language and speake in England. Two letters may they then have -in theyr A. B. C that is to say, y &, the which are called thorne- and -zowx. - - - [Footnote 1: Kadijah.] - - [Footnote 2: Had epileptic fits.] - - [Footnote 3: Other editions have it 610, but it was A.D. 611 - when Mahomet professed to have received his call.] - - [Footnote 4: Heard.] - - [Footnote 5: _Pynson_ says "befalleth."] - - [Footnote 6: The Mahometan Confession of Faith is Lá iláha - illá 'lláh Muhammadun rasúlu 'lláh.] - - [Footnote 7: Since.] - - - - -CAP. XLVII. - - _Of the yles and divers maner of people and of marvaylous beastes._ - - -AND sithen I have devised before of the holy land and countreys there -about, and many wayes thether, and to mount Synay, and to Babilon, and -other divers places which I have spoken of, now will I tell & speake -of iles and of divers bestes, and divers folke and countreys that be -departed[1] by the flouds that came out of Paradise terrestre. -For Mesopotame and the kingdome of Calde and Araby are between two -floddes, Tigre and Eufrace, and the kingedome of Media and Perce are -betwene two flouds Tigre and Nyle, & the kingdome of Surrey, Palestine -and Femines[2] are betweene Eufrace and the sea Mediterranean, it is -of length from Marroch on the sea of Spaine, unto the great sea, -and so lasteth it beyonde Constantinople three M and xx[3] myle of -Lombardy and to the Occean sea. In Inde is the kingdome of Sichem,[4] -that is all closed among hils, and beside Sichem is the lande of -Amazony, wherein dwell none but women. - -[Illustration] - -And thereby is the kingdome of Albany, which is a great lande and -it is called so bicause that men are more whiter there than in other -places, & in this countrey are great houndes and stronge, so that they -overcome Lions and slay them. And ye shall understande that to those -countreys are many iles and landes, of the which were too long to -tell, but of some I will speake more plainly afterwarde. - - - [Footnote 1: Parted.] - - [Footnote 2: Ph[oe]nicia.] - - [Footnote 3: Others say 3,040.] - - [Footnote 4: Scythia.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP. XLVIII. - - _Of the haven Gene, for to go by the sea into divers countreys._ - - -FOR he that wyll goe to Tartary, Percy, Caldee or Inde, he entreth the -sea at Gene or at Venyce, or at any other haven, and so passeth by the -sea, and arriveth at Topasonde,[1] that is a good citie, that sometime -men call the haven of bridge, and there is the haven of Perce, of -Medes, and of other marches.[2] In this citie lieth saint Athanasius, -that was bishop of Alexandry, that made the Psalme, _Quicunque vult -salvus esse_. This man was a great doctour of divinitie, and of -the godheade, he was accused unto the Pope of Rome that he was an -heritike, and the pope sent for hym and put him in prison, and while -he was in that prison he made this Psalme and sent it unto the Pope & -sayde if that he were an heretyke, then that was heresie, for y^t -was his faith and his belefe: and when the Pope saw that he had sayde -therein was all our faith, then anon he did deliver him out of prison, -and he commaunded that Psalme to be sayd every day at prime, & so he -held Athanasius for a good christen man, but he never would after goe -to his bishoprych for they accused him of heresie. - -Topasond was some tyme holden of the Emperour of Constantinople, but -a great man that he sent to help that countrey against the Turkes, did -holde it to himselfe, & called himself Emperour of Topasonde. - -[Illustration] - -And from thence men go through lyttle Armony,[3] & in that countrey is -an olde castell that is on a rock, y^t men call the castell of Spirys, -& there men finde an hawke sitting upon a perch right well made & a -faire lady of Fayry that keepeth it, & he that will wake[4] this same -hawke seven days and seven nightes, and some say that it is not but -three days and three nightes, alone without any company and without -slepe, this faire ladie shall come unto him at the vii dayes or iii -dayes ende & shall graunte unto him the first thing that he will aske -of worldly things, and that hath often ben proved. And so uppon a time -it befell that a man which that tyme was Kinge of Armonye that was a -righte doughty[5] man waked uppon a tyme, and at the seven dayes ende -the lady came to him and bade him aske what he would for he had wel -done his devoure,[6] and the king aunswered and sayde that he was a -great lorde and in good peace, and he was riche, so that he would aske -nothing but all onely the body of the fayre lady, or to haue his will -of hir. Then this fayre lady aunswered and sayde unto him, that he was -a foole, for he wist not what he asked, for he might not have hir, -for he shoulde not haue asked hir but worldly thinges & she was not -worldly. And the king sayde he woulde nought else, and she said sith -he would aske nought else, she should graunt him three thinges and -all that came after hym, and sayde unto him, Sir kinge you shall haue -warre without peace unto the ix degree, and you shall be in subjection -of your enemies, and you shall have greate nede of good and cattell, -and sithen that tyme all the Kynges of Armonye have been in warre and -nedefull[7] and under trybute of the Sarasyns. Also a poore mannes -sonne as he waked on a tyme, and asked the lady that he might be rych -and happy in marchaundise and the ladye graunted him, but she sayde to -him that he hadde asked his undoynge for great pryde that he shoulde -haue thereof. And this became so greate a marchaunte bothe by sea and -lande, that he was so ryche that he knew not the thousande parte of -hys goods. Also a Knight of the Templers waked likewise and when he -had done, he desired to haue a purse full of golde and what soever he -tooke thereof it shoulde ever be full againe and the ladye graunted it -hym, but she tolde him that hee had desyred his destruction for great -mistrowing that hee shoulde have of the same purse, and so it befell. -But he that shal wake hath great nede for to kepe him from slepe, for -if he sleepe he is lost that he shall neuer bee sene, but that is not -the righte way, but for the mervaile. And from Topasonde men go to -greate Armony to a citie that men call Artyron[8] that was wont to be -a great Citie, but Turkes have destroyed it, for there neyther groweth -no wyne nor fruyt. From this Artyron men go to an hyll that is called -Sabissacol & there nere is another hil that men call Arath,[9] but the -Jewes call it Thano where Archa Noe[10] rested after the diluvie[11] -& yet it is on that hyll, a man may se it from ferre in cleare wether, -& the hilles be xii[12] myle of height & some saye they haue bene -there & put theyr fingers in the holes where the fende[13] went out -when Noe sayde in this maner of wyse _Benedicite_. But they note well, -for none may go on that hyll for snowe, that is alwaye uppon that hyll -bothe wynter and somer, that no man may go by and never yode[14] syth -Noe was, but a monke, through the grace of God, broughte a planke that -yet is at the Abbey, at the hyll foote, and he had great desyre to -go uppon that hyll, and aforced him thereto, and when he was at the -thyrde part upwarde he was so wery that he might goe no further, and -he rested him & slept and when he was awake he was downe at the hyll -foote, and then prayed he to God devoutly that he would suffer him to -go upon the hill, and the Aungell sayd that he should go upon the hil, -and so he dyd, and since that tyme no man came there. And therefore -men shoulde not beleve such wordes. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -And from thence men go to a citie that men call Tanziro[15] and that -is a fayre citie & good. Besyde that citie is an hyll of salte, and -thereof every man taketh what he wyll and there dwelled many Christen -men under tribute to the Sarasyns. From thence men go through many -cities, townes, and castels towarde Inde, and then come to a citie -that men call Cassaye that is a fayre citie, and in that citie is -aboundance of corne wynes, and all maner of goods, and there met the -three kynges togither that wente to make theyr offeryng to our Lord in -Bethlehem. From that citie men go to a citie that men call Cardabago, -and paynims say y^t Christen men may not dwell there, by[16] they dye -sone and they know not the cause. And from thence men go through many -countreys, cities & townes, that it were to long to tell, & to the -citie of Carnaa, that was wont to be so great, that the wall about was -of xxv myle, the wall sheweth yet, but it is not inhabited now with -men, and there endeth the land of the Emperour of Perce. - - - [Footnote 1: Trebizond.] - - [Footnote 2: Neighbouring countries.] - - [Footnote 3: Armenia.] - - [Footnote 4: Watch.] - - [Footnote 5: Brave. - - In the old Romance of Melusina, which was written - by Jean d'Arras, Secretary to the Duc de Berri, brother to - Charles V. of France--in 1387 (at the command of his master) - is the legend of the Lady of the Sparrow Hawk, which shows how - current it was at the time. According to his version, a fairy, - named Presine, married King Helmas, and made him vow that he - would never go near her at the time of childbirth. She bore - him three daughters--Melusina, Melior, and Palestine--and - at the birth of the latter the king broke his vow. When - his children grew up they learnt this fact, and were very - indignant at their father's conduct, to punish which (being - gifted with supernatural power) they enclosed him in an - enchanted mountain until he died. Presine was powerless - to undo this deed, but she visited their unnatural conduct - severely upon her daughters. Melusina was to become half - serpent, half woman, every Saturday; Palestine was ever to - watch their father's treasure on the top of a mountain in - Arragon; while Melior's fate is thus told by the chronicler:-- - - "And thou Melyor to the I gyve a Castel in the grette Armenye, - whyche is fayre and riche, wher thou shalt kepe a Sperschak - unto the tyme that the grett maister shall hold his Jugement. - And al noble and worthy knyghts, descended and come of noble - lynee, that wil you watche there the day byfore the even, and - th' even also of Saint Johan Baptiste, whiche is on the xx day - of Juny, without any slep, shal have a geft of the of suche - thinges, without to demande thy body, ne thy love, by maryage, - nor other wise. And al thos that shal demande the without - cesse, and that wol not forbere, and absteyn them not, shal - be infortunat unto the IX lynee, and shal be put from theire - prosperytees."] - - [Footnote 6: Devoir, duty.] - - [Footnote 7: Poor, needy.] - - [Footnote 8: Erzeroum.] - - [Footnote 9: Ararat.] - - [Footnote 10: Noah's Ark.] - - [Footnote 11: Flood.] - - [Footnote 12: Others say seven.] - - [Footnote 13: Fiend.] - - [Footnote 14: Never went there.] - - [Footnote 15: Tabreez or Tabriz.] - - [Footnote 16: For.] - - - - -CAP. XLIX. - - _Of the countrey of Job, and of the Kingedome of Caldee._ - - -ON the other side of the citie of Carnaa men enter into the land of -Job, that is a good lande & great plentie of all fruites & men call -that land of Swere.[1] In this lande is the citie of Thomar. Job was -a Paynim & also he was Cofraas son & he helde that lande as prince -thereof, & he was so riche that he knew not the hondreth parte of -his good, and after his povertie God made him richer than ever he was -before, for after he was Kinge of Idumea after the death of King Esau, -& when he was king he was called Joab, and in that kingedome he -lived c yeare and lxx so that he was of age when he dyed cc yeare and -xlviii. And in this lande of Job is no defaute[2] of nothing that is -nedefull to mans body. There are hilles where men finde manna, and -manna is called Aungell's bread that is a whit thing right sweete & -much sweter than suger or hony, and that commeth of the dew of heaven -that falleth on the herbes, and there it congeled and waxeth white and -men doe it in medecines for riche men. - -[Illustration] - -This lande marcheth to the lande of Caldee that is a great land, & -there is full faire folke & well apparaited & they go richly araied -with cloth of gold & with perls & other precious stones. But the -women are righte foule & evill clad & go bare fote & bare an ill cote, -large, wide, & short, unto theyr knees, & haue long sleves down to the -fote, & they haue great black here long hanging about theyr shoulders -& they are right foule for to loke upon that I dare not tell it all -bicause that I am worthy for to haue a great reward for my praising of -them. In this land of Caldee aforesayde is a citie that men call Hur & -in y^t citie was Abraham y^e patriark born. - - - [Footnote 1: Susiana.] - - [Footnote 2: Want of anything.] - - - - -CAP. L. - - _Of the Kingedome of Amazony whereas dwelleth none but women._ - - -[Illustration] - -AFTER the lande of Caldee is the lande of Amazony that is a land where -there is no man but all women as men say, for they wil suffer no men -to lyve among them nor to haue lordeshippe over them. For sometyme -was a kinge in that lande and men were dwelling there as did in other -countreys, and had wives, & it befell that the kynge had great warre -with them of Sychy, he was called Colopius and hee was slaine in -bataill and all the good bloude of his lande. And this queene when she -herd that, & other ladies of that land, that the king and the lordes -were slaine, they gathered them togither and killed all the men that -were lefte in their lande among them, and sithen that time dwelled no -man among them. - -And when they will have any man they sende for them in a countrey that -is nere theyr lande, and the men come and are ther viii dayes or as -the woman lyketh, & then go they againe, and if they have men children -they send them to theyr fathers when they can eate & go, and if they -have maide chyldren they kepe them, and if they bee of gentill bloud -they brene[1] the left pappe[2] away for bearing of a shelde, and if -they be of little bloud they brene the ryght pappe away for shoting. -For those women of that countrey are good warriours and are often in -soudy[3] with other lordes, and the queene of that lande governeth -well that lande, this lande is all environed with water. Beside -Amazony is the lande of Termagute that is a good lande, King Alexander -did make a citie ther that men call Alexandry. - - - [Footnote 1: Burn.] - - [Footnote 2: Breast.] - - [Footnote 3: War.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP. LI. - - _Of the lande of Ethiope._ - - -[Illustration] - -ON the other side of Calde toward the south side is Ethyope a great -lande. In this lande on the south are the folke right blacke. In that -side is a well that in the daye the water is so colde that no man may -drinke thereof, & in the nighte it is so hote that no man may suffer -to put his hand in it. In this lande the rivers and all the waters are -troublous and some dele salte for the great hete, and men of y^t lande -are lightly dronken & haue little appetite to meate, and they haue -commonly the flixe of body and they live not long. In Ethiope[1] are -such men that have but one foote, and they go so fast y^t it is -a great marvaill, & that is a large fote that the shadow thereof -covereth y^e body from son or rayne when they lye uppon their backes, -and when their children be first borne they loke like russet, and when -they waxe olde then they be all blacke. In Ethiope is the lande of -Saba, of the which one of the three Kings that sought our Lorde at -Bethleem was King. - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Like many other marvellous stories related by - Sir John Mandeville, they were told by Pliny, in his Natural - History, nearly 1200 years previously. For instance, in Book - 7, chap, li., devoted to Man, he quotes Ctesias as saying that - in India is another race of men, who are known as Monocoli, - who have only one leg, but are able to leap with surprising - agility. The same people are also called Sciapod[oe], because - they are in the habit of lying on their backs during the time - of extreme heat and protect themselves from the sun by the - shade of their feet. For other types of these "peculiar - people" see Appendix.] - - - - -CAP. LII. - - _Of Inde the more, & Inde the lesse, & of diamonds, and small - people, & other things._ - - -FROM Ethyope men go into Inde through many dyverse countreys, and it -is called Inde the more, and it is departed in three parties, that is -to say, Inde the more that is a full hote lande, & Inde the lesse is a -temperate land, and the thyrde part that is toward the north there -it is right cold, so that for greate colde, frost & yce, the water -becommeth Cristal & upon that groweth the good diamondes y^t is like a -trouble[1] colour, & that Diamonde is so harde that no man may breake -it. Other Diamonds men finde in Araby that are not so good for they -are more softer and some are in Cipres and in Macedony men also finde -diamondes but the best are in Inde & some are founde many times in a -masse that cometh oute where men fynde golde from the myne when men -breake the masse in pyeces, and sometyme men finde some of greatnesse -of a pese,[2] and some lesse, and those are as harde as those of Inde, -and all if it be that men fynde good dyamondes in Indie upon the -Roch of Crystall, also menne finde good dyamondes upon the Roch of -Adamante[3] in the sea and on hilles, as it were haysell noutes,[4] -and they are all square and poynted of theyre owne kynde, and they -grow both togither, male and female, and are noryshed with the dewe of -heaven, and they engendre commonly & bring forth small children that -multiply & growe all the yeare. I haue many times assayed that if a -man kepe them with a lyttle of the roche, and wette them with many -dewes oft times, they shal grow euery yeare, and the small shall waxe -greate. And a manne shall bere the Diamonde in his left side, and then -it is of more vertue, for the strength of theyr growing is toward the -North, that is on the lefte side as men of those countreys say. To him -that beareth the diamond upon him it giveth him hardinesse, it kepeth -his lims of his body hole, it giveth victory of[5] enimies if a mans -cause be ryght, and hym that bereth it in good will, it kepeth -him from strife, from ryote, ill dreames, and sorcerys, and -enchauntements, and no wylde beste shall greve him nor assaile him. -And also the Dyamonde shoulde be given freely without covetyse and -bying, & then it is of more vertue, it healeth him that is lunatyke, -and he that is travailed with a divell, and if venym or poyson be -brought in the presence of the Diamonde so soon it moysteth and -beginneth to sweate, and men may well polyce[6] them to make men -beleve that they may not be polyshed. But men may assaye them well in -this maner, fyrst cut with them an diverse precious stones, as Saphyrs -or other uppon Crystall and then men take a stone that is called -Adamande, lay a nedell before that Adamande and if the Diamond is -good & vertuous the Adamande draweth not the nedell to him whiles the -Diamonde is there. And this is the proof that they make beyonde the -sea. But it falleth sometime that the good diamond loseth his vertue -through him that wereth it, and therefore it is nedefull for to make -it to recover his virtue againe, or else it is lyttle of value.[7] - - - [Footnote 1: Prismatic.] - - [Footnote 2: Pea.] - - [Footnote 3: Rocks of Magnetic Loadstone were then firmly - believed in.] - - [Footnote 4: Hazel nuts.] - - [Footnote 5: Over.] - - [Footnote 6: Polish.] - - [Footnote 7: This description of the diamond is largely taken - from Pliny, book 37, chap. iv.] - - - - -CAP. LIII. - - _Of diverse countreys & Kingdomes & yles of the lande of Inde._ - - -[Illustration] - -MANY diverse countreys & Kingdoms are in Inde, and it is called Inde -of a river that runneth through it, which is called Inde also & there -are many precious stones in that river Inde. And in that ryver men -finde Eles of xxx foote long & men y^t dwell nere that river are of -evill colour, yelowe & grene. In Inde is more than fyve thousande yles -that men dwell in good and great, beside those that men dwel not in. -And in eche one of those is great plenty of cities and muche people, -for men of Inde are of that condicion that they passe not out of theyr -lande commonly, for they dwell under a planet that is called Saturne, -& that planet maketh his course by the xii signes in xxx[1] yeare -and the Mone passeth through the xii signes in a moneth and for that -Saturne is of so late sterying,[2] therefore men that dwell under him, -& in that clymate have no good will to be much sterying aboute. And -in our countrey is it contrary, for we are in a climate that is of the -mone, & of light stering and that is the planet of way, & therefore -it giveth us will to much moving & steryng and to go into diverse -countreys of the world, for it goeth about the worlde more lyghtly -than any other planet dothe. Also men passe through Inde by many -countreys unto the great Occean Sea. And then they fynde the yle of -Hermes where marchaunts of Venis and of Gene and of other diverse -partes of christendome come for to by them marchaundise. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -In this lande men and women lye all naked in the ryvers and waters, -from undren[3] or heate of the day tyll it be past none, and they ly -all in the water but the face, for the great heat that is there, -and the women be not ashamed for the men. In that yle are the ships -without nayles of yron, or bond, for roches of Adamand[4] that are in -the sea would draw shippes to them. From this yle men go by the sea to -the yle of Lana where is great plenty of corne, and the King of this -yle was sometime so mighty that he helde war against King Alexander -with great strength. Men of this yle have many maner beleves and -faithe & have also diverse lawes, for some do worship the Sunne, some -the fyre, some the trees, & some the serpents, or any other -thinge that they fyrst meete in the morning, and some doe worship -simulacres[5] and Idoles, but betwene symulacres & ydoles is no[6] -difference, and that is to understande, ymages made to what lykenesse -of thing that man may invent, for some ymage hath an head lyke an Oxe, -some haue three or foure heddes, on of a man or an hors or Oxe or any -other best that no man hath seene. And ye shall understande that they -that worship symulacres they worship them as for worthy men that were -sometime, as Hercules, and other that dyd many mervayles in theyr -tymes. For they saye they know well that they are not god of kynde[7] -that made all thinges, but that they are wel[8] with god for the -mervayles that they did, and therefore they worship them. And so say -they of the sonne, for it chaungeth oft tymes, for it giueth sometime -great heate for to nourych[9] all things on earth, & bicause it is of -so greate profyte they knowe well that it is not God but it is well -with God & that God loveth it more than any other thing, and for this -cause they worshippe it. And also they saye theyr reasons of other -planettes, and of fyre also, for it is profitable, and nedefull. And -of ydolls they say the Oxe is the holyest that they may finde here in -earthe, and more profitable than any other, for he doth much good, -and none ille, and they knowe well that it maye not bee without the -speciall grace of God, and therefore they make theyr God of an Oxe, -the one halfe, and the other halfe a man, for man is the fairest and -the best creature of the worlde. And they doe worship to serpentes, -and other beastes that they fyrste meete with in the morninge, and -namely those bestes that have good, meting after whome they speake[10] -well all the day after, the which they have proved of long time, -& therefore they say that this meting cometh of Gods grace, and -therefore they doe make ymages lyke unto those things that they may -worship them before they meete anythinges else. And there are some -christen men that say that some bestes are better for to meet than -some, for hares, swine, and other bestes are ill to meete first, as -they saye. In this yle of Cana is many wilde bestes, & rattes in -that countrey are as great as houndes here, and they take them with -mastifes, for cattes may not take them. Fro thence men come to a citie -that men call Sarchys, and it is a faire and a goode citie and there -dwell many christen men of Gods faith, and there be men of religion. -From thence men come to the land of Lombe & in that lande groweth -peper in a forest that men call Tomber & it groweth in none other -place more in all the worlde than in that forest, and that forest is -well L[11] daies journey. And there by the lande of Lombe is the Citie -of Polomes,[12] and under that Citie is an hyll that men call Polombe -and thereof taketh the citie his name. And so at the fote of the same -hill is a right faire and a clere well, that hath a full good and -sweete savoure, and it smelleth of all maner of sortes of spyces, and -also at eche houre of the daye it changeth his savour diversly, and -who drinketh thries on the daye of that well, he is made hole of all -maner (_of_) sickenesse that he hathe. I have sometime dronke of that -well, and methinketh yet that I fare the better; some call it the well -of youth, for they that drinke thereof seme to be yong alway, and live -without great sicknesse, and they saye this well, cometh from Paradise -terrestre, for it is so vertuous, and in this lande groweth ginger, -and thither come many good marchauntes for spyces. In this countrey -men worship the Oxe for his great simpleness and mekenesse, and the -profite that is in him, for they make the Oxe to travaile vi or -vii yere and then men do eate him. And the Kinge of that land hath -euermore one Oxe with him, and he that kepeth him euery day taketh hys -fees for the keping. And also euery daye he gathereth his uryne and -his dong in a vessell of gold, and bereth it to the prelate that they -call, Archi porta papaton[13] and the prelate bereth it to the King, -and maketh thereupon a great blessing and then the King putteth his -hande therein, and they call it gaule and hee anoynteth his fronte, -and his breste therewith, and they doe it great worship, and saye he -shall be fulfilled with the vertu of the Oxe before sayde, and that he -is halowed through vertue of that holy thinge as they saye. And when -the Kinge hath this done, then doe it other lordes, and after -them other men after theyr degree, if they may haue any of the -remenaunt.[14] In thys countrey theyr ydoles are halfe men and halfe -oxe, as the figure sheweth in the seconde lefe here before, and out of -these ydolles the wycked ghost[15] speaketh unto them, and giveth them -aunswere of what thing that they aske him, and before these ydolles -they many times sleay theyr children, and sprinkle the blood on -the ydoles, and so make they sacrifice. And if any man die in that -countrey, they brene them in tokening of penaunce that he should -suffer no penance if he were layd in the earth for eating of wormes. -And if his wife haue no children then they burne hir with him, and -they saye that is good reason that she keepe him company in the other -worlde, as she dyd in this, & if she haue children she may liue with -them and[16] she will; and if the wyfe dye before, she shall be burnt, -& hir husbande also, if he will. In this countrey groweth good wine, & -women drink wine & men none, and women shaue theyr berds & not men. - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: _Pynson_ says 20 years.] - - [Footnote 2: Slow motion.] - - [Footnote 3: An early hour before noon. A Latin edition has - it:--"_A diei hora tertia, usq: ad nonam_."] - - [Footnote 4: Loadstone rocks.] - - [Footnote 5: Images.] - - [Footnote 6: Other editions have "a gret difference," which - the context shows should be the right reading.] - - [Footnote 7: Similar to Him that made, &c.] - - [Footnote 8: They were helped by God in the marvels, &c.] - - [Footnote 9: Nourish.] - - [Footnote 10: Speed, _i.e._ have good luck.] - - [Footnote 11: Other editions say 18.] - - [Footnote 12: Quilon, on the Malabar Coast.] - - [Footnote 13: Archi proto papaton.] - - [Footnote 14: Remnant.] - - [Footnote 15: Wicked spirit.] - - [Footnote 16: An, if.] - - - - -CAP. LIIII. - - _Of the Kingedome of Mabaron._ - - -[Illustration] - -FROM this lande men go many journeys to a countrey that men call -Mabaron,[1] and this is a greate Kingdome, therein is many fayre -cities & townes. In this lande lyeth Sainct Thomas in a fayre tombe, -in fleshe and bones, in the Citie of Calamy, and the arme and hande -that hee put in our Lordes syde after his resurrection, when Christ -sayde unto hym, _Noli esse incredulus sed fidelis:_, that is to saye, -Be not of vaine hope but beleve; that same hande lyeth yet without -the tombe bare, and with this hande they giue theyr domes[2] in that -countrey, to mete[3] who saith righte, and who doeth not, for, if any -stryfe be betwene two parties, they write their names, & put them into -the hand, & then incontinently the hande casteth away the byll[4] of -him that hath wronge and holdeth the other still that hathe righte, -and therefore they come from farre countreys to have Judgementes of -causes that are in doubte. In this church of Saint Thomas is a great -image, y^t is a simulacre, & it is richly beset with precious stons -& perles, to that image men come in pilgrimage from farre countreys, -with great devocion, as Christen men go to Saint James, & there come -some pilgrims y^t beare sharp knives in theyr handes, & as they go by -the waye they shere[5] theyr shankes & thyghes, that the bloude may -come out for the love of that ydoll and they saye that he is holy that -will dye for that ydols sake. And there is some that for the time that -they go out of their houses at eche third pace they knele till that -they come to this idole. And when they come there they have ensence[6] -or such other thing for to ensence the ydole, as we would do to Gods -body. And there before that mynster or church of this ydol, is a river -full of water, & in that river pilgrims cast gold, silver, perles -& other precious stones without number, in stede of offerings, and -therefore, when y^e maister of the minster hath any neede of helping, -as sone they go the river & take thereout as much as they haue neede -to helping of y^e minster. And ye shall understande when that any -greate festes come of y^e Idol, as the dedication day of the church, -or of the throning of the Idol, all the countrey there about assemble -them there togither and then men set this Idoll with great reverence -& worship in a chaire well dressed with cloth of gold, and other -tapistry, & so they carry him with great reverence & worship, rounde -about the citie, and before the chaire goeth firste in procession all -the maidens of the countrey two & two togither, & so after them go the -pilgrimes that are come fro far countreys, of the which pilgrims some -fall downe before the chaire, & letteth all go over them and so are -they slaine, and some haue theyr armes broken & leggs,[7] and this -they doe for love of the Idol, and they beleve the more paine that -they suffer here for their Idol the more joy shall they haue in y^e -other world, & a man shall finde few Christen men will suffer so -much penaunce for our Lordes sake as they do for the ydoll. And nighe -before the chaire go all the mynstrels of the countrey, as it were -without nomber with many divers melodyes. And when they are come -againe to the Church they sette up the ydol againe in his throne, and -for worship of the ydoll two or three[8] are slaine with sharpe knives -with their good will. And also a man thinketh in our countrey that he -hath a great worshippe to haue an holy man in his kyn, lykewise they -saye that those that are there slayne are holye men and sayntes & they -are wrytten in their letany, and when they are thus dead theyr frendes -brene theyr bodies & they take the ashes, and those are kepte as -relykes, and they say it is an holy thing, & that they doubte of no -perill when they haue of those ashes. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Identical with the Maabav of Marco Polo, book 3, - cap. xvi., where he gives a very interesting account of the - place. It was what we call the Coromandel Coast.] - - [Footnote 2: Judgments.] - - [Footnote 3: Find out.] - - [Footnote 4: Paper.] - - [Footnote 5: Cut their legs.] - - [Footnote 6: Incense.] - - [Footnote 7: Mandeville probably describes the Car of - Juggernaut.] - - [Footnote 8: Other editions have it "two or three hundred."] - - - - -CAP. LV. - - _Of a great countrey called Lamory, where the people go all naked - & other things._ - - -[Illustration] - -FROM this countrey LII journeys is a countrey that men call Lamory,[1] -and in that lande is greate heate, and it is the custome there, that -men and women go al naked and they scorne all them that are clade, for -they say that God made Adam & Eve all naked, and that men shoulde haue -no shame of that God made, & they beleve in the same God that made -Adam & Eve and all the world, and there is no woman wedded, but women -are all common there, and they forsake no man. And they say that God -commaunded to Adam & Eve and all that come of them saying, _Crescite & -multiplicamini, & replete Terram_. That is to say in English, Encrease -& multiply and fyll the earth, and no man may say there, This is my -wife, & no woman may say, this is my husbande. And when they haue any -children they give them to whom they will of men that haue medled with -them. Also the lande is all common, for every man taketh what he -will, for that one man hath in one yere now, an other man hath another -yeare. Also all the goods, as corne, beastes and all maner thing of -that countrey are all in common. For there is nothing under locke, -and as riche is one man as an other, but they haue an evill custome -in eating of fleshe, for they eate gladlier mans fleshe than other. -Neverthelesse in that lande is abundaunce of corne, of fleshe, of -fishe, of golde of silver and all maner of goods. And thether doeth -the marchauntes bring their children for to sell, and those that are -fatte they eate them, & those that be lean, they kepe them tyll they -befatte, & then are they eaten. And besyde this yle of Lamory, is -another yle that men call Somober,[2] and is a good yle, men of that -yle do marke them in the visage with an hot yron, bothe men & women -for great nobility & to be knowen from other, for they hold themselfe -the worthiest of y^e world and they haue warre evermore with those men -that are naked that I spake of before. Also there are many other yles -and diverse maner of men, of the which it were overmuch for to speake -of all. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Sumatra.] - - [Footnote 2: ? Sumatra. One or other, Lamory or Somober, is - evidently this island.] - - - - -CAP. LVI. - - _Of the countrey and yle named Java, which is a mighty lande._ - - -[Illustration] - -AND there is also a great yle that men call Java & the kinge of that -countrey hath under hym seven kinges, for he is a full mightie prince. -In this yle groweth all maner of spyces more plenteously than in any -other place, as ginger, clowes, canell[1] nutmyge[2] and other, and ye -shall understande that the nutmyge beareth the maces, & of all thing -therein is plenty savinge wine. The King of this lande hath a riche -palace and the best that is in the worlde, for all the greces of his -hall and chambres are all made one of gold & another of silver, & all -the walls are plated with fine gold and silver, & on those plates are -written stories of knightes, and batayles, and the pavimente of the -hall and chambres is of golde and silver, and there is no man that -woulde beleve this riches that is there except hee had sene it, and -the Kynge of this yle is so mightie, that he hath many times overcom -the great Caane of Cathay which is the myghtiest Emperour that is in -all the worlde, for there is often warre amonge them, for the great -Caane would make hym hold his land of him. - - - [Footnote 1: Cinnamon.] - - [Footnote 2: Nutmeg.] - - - - -CAP. LVII. - - _Of the Kingdome of Pathen or Salmasse, which is a goodly lande._ - - -AND for to go forth by the sea, there is an yle that is called Pater, -and some call it Salmasse, for it is a great kingedome with many faire -cities. In this lande groweth trees that beare meale, of which men -make faire bread & white & of good savour, and it seemeth lyke as it -were of wheate. And there be other trees that beare venym,[1] againe -the which is no medicine but one, that is to take of the leaves of the -same tree and stampe them, and tempre them with water and drinke it, -or else he shall dye sodainly, for Treacle may not helpe. And if you -will know how this tree beare meale, I shall tell you, men hew with a -hatchet aboute the rote of the tree by the earth, and they perce him -in many sundry places, and then cometh out a lycoure the which they -take in a vessell, and sette in the sonne and dry it, and when it is -dry, they cary it unto the mille to grynde, and so it is faire meale -and white. Also hony wyne, and venym are drawen out of other trees in -the same maner, and they put it in vessels to keepe. In that yle is a -dead sea, which is a water that hath no grounde and if anythinge fall -therein it shall never be founde, besyde that sea groweth great canes -and under theyr rootes men finde precious stones of great vertue, -for he that beareth one of those stones uppon him, there may no yron -greve[2] him nor drawe blood on hym, and therefore they y^t have those -stones fyght full hardely, for there may no quarell[3] nor such thing -greve them, therefore they that knowe the maner make their quarell -without yron & so they sleay them. - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Poison, _i.e._, are poisonous.] - - [Footnote 2: Wound or hurt.] - - [Footnote 3: Arrow.] - - - - -CAP. LVIII. - - _Of the Kingdome of Talonach, the king thereof hath many wyves._ - - -[Illustration] - -THEN is there another yle that men call Talonach, that is a greate -lande, and plenteous of goods & fyshes, as you shall hereafter heare. -And the King of the lande hath as many wives as he will, a thousande -& mo, and lyeth never by one of them but once, and that lande hath a -marvayle that is in no other land, for all maner of fyshes of the sea -cometh there once a yeare, one after another, and lyeth him nere the -lande, sometime on the lande, and so lye three dayes, and men of that -lande come thither and take of them what he will, and then go those -fyshes awaye and another sorte commeth, and lyeth also three dayes and -men take of them, and doe thus all maner of fyshes tyll all haue bene -there, and menne have taken what they wyll. And menne wot[1] not the -cause why it is so. But they of that countrey saye, that those fyshes -come so thyther to do worship to theyr king, for they say he is -the most worthiest king of the worlde for he hath so many wives and -geateth so many children of them. And that same kinge that XIIII M -Olyfauntes or mo which be all tame, and they be all fedde of the men -his countrey, for his pleasure bicause that he may haue them redy to -his hande when he hath any warre against any kyng or prince, and then -he doth put uppon theyr backs castels & men of warre as the use is of -the lande, and lykewyse do other kyngs and princes thereabout. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Know.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP. LIX. - - _Of the ylande called Raso[1] where men be hanged as sone as - they are sicke._ - - -[Illustration] - -AND from this yle menne go unto another yle that men call Raso, and -menne of this yle when that theyr friendes are sicke & that they -beleve surely that they shal dye, they take them & hange them al quick -on a tree, and say that it is better that byrdes, that are aungels of -God, eate them, than wormes of the earthe. Fro thence men go to an -yle where the men are of ill kinde, for they nourishe houndes for to -strangle men. And when theyr friendes are sicke that they hope they -shal dye, then do those houndes strangle them, for they wyll not that -they dye a kyndely death, for then shoulde they suffre to great paine -as they say, & when they are thus dead they eate theyre flesh for -venison. - - - [Footnote 1: _Pynson_ and others say Gaffolo or Caffolos.] - - - - -CAP. LX. - - _Of the ylande of Melke wherein dwelleth evill people._ - - -[Illustration] - -FROM thence menne go through many yles by sea unto an yle that men -call Melke, and there be full yll people, for they haue none other -delyte but to fyght and slee men, for they drinke gladly mans blood, -which blood they call good, and they that maye most sleay is of moste -name amonge them. And if two men there be at stryfe and after bee made -at one, it behoveth them to drink eyther others blood, or else the -accorde is nought. From this yle men go to an yle that is called -Tracota where all men are as beastes & not reasonable, they dwell in -caves, for they haue not wyt to make them houses, they eate adders[1] -and they speake not, but they make such a noyse as adders doe one to -another, and they make no force of ryches but of a stone that hath -forty colours, and it is called Traconyt after that yle, they know not -the vertue thereof but they covete it for the great fayreness. - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Pliny speaks (Book 7, cap. 2) of adder-eating - people in India and elsewhere, but he says they live to the - age of four hundred years, which is supposed to be owing to - the flesh of vipers, which they use as food, in consequence - of which they are free from all noxious animals, both in their - hair and their garments. In book 29, c. 38, he also gives - directions for the preparation of viper's flesh for food.] - - - - -CAP. LXI. - - _Of an yland named Macumeran, whereas the people haue heads lyke - houndes._[1] - - -[Illustration] - -FROM that yle menne go to an yle that is called Macumeran, whiche is -a greate yle and a fayre and the men and women of the countrey haue -heads like houndes, they are reasonable & worship an oxe for their -god, they go all naked but a little clothe before them, they are good -men to fighte, & they beare a great target with which they couer all -the body and a speare in theyr hande, and if they take any man in -batayle they sende him to theyr King which is a great lorde & devoute -in his faith, for he hath about his necke on a cord thre hondred -pearles great & orient,[2] in maner of Pater noster, and as we saye -Pater noster, and Ave maria. Right so ye King saith euery day three -hundred prayers to his god before he eate, & he beareth also about hys -necke a ruby, oryent, fine & good, that is neer a foote & five fingers -long. For when they chuse theyr Kyng they giue to him that Ruby to -beare in his hande, and then they lead him riding about the citie, -and then euer after are they subjecte to him, and therefore he beareth -that Ruby alway about his necke, for if he beareth not the Ruby, they -woulde no longer holde hym for kynge. The greate Caane of Cathay hath -much coveted this Ruby: but he might never haue it, neither for war -nor for other catell,[3] and this Kinge is a full true & a righteous -man, for men may go safely & surely through his lande & beare y^t he -will, for there is no man so hardy to let[4] them. And from thence men -go to an ile that is called Silo, this ile is more than a hundred[5] -myle about and therein be many serpents which are great with yelow -stripes & they haue foure feete, with short leggs & great claws, some -be five fadome[6] of length & some of viii & some of x & some more and -some lesse & be called Cocodrylles & there are also many wylde beasts -& Olyfants.[7] Also in this yle & in many yles thereabout are many -wyld geese with two heads, and there be also in y^t countrey white -lyons and many other dyverse mervaylous beastes, & if I should tell it -all it should be to long. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Again in Book 7, cap. 2, Pliny speaks of - _Cynocephali_, or dog-headed people, for he says that on many - of the mountains there is a tribe of men, who have the heads - of dogs, and clothe themselves with the skins of wild beasts. - Instead of speaking, they bark; and, furnished with claws, - they live by hunting and catching birds.] - - [Footnote 2: Oriental,--coming from the East.] - - [Footnote 3: Nor in exchange.] - - [Footnote 4: Hinder.] - - [Footnote 5: Others say 800.] - - [Footnote 6: A fathom is 6 feet.] - - [Footnote 7: Elephants.] - - - - -CAP. LXII. - - _Of a great yland called Dodyn, where are many diverse men of - evill conditions._ - - -[Illustration] - -THEN there is another yle that men call Dodyn, & it is a great yle. In -this yle are maner diverse maner of men y^t haue evyll maners, for the -father eateth the son & the son the father the husband his wyfe and -the wyfe hir husbande. And if it so be that the father be sicke, or -the mother, or any frend, the sonne goeth soone to the priest of the -law & prayeth him that he will aske of the ydoll if his father shall -dye of that sicknesse or not. And then the priest and the son kneele -downe before the ydole devoutly & asketh him, and he aunswereth to -them, and if he say that he shall lyve, then they kepe him wel, and if -he say that he shall dye, then commeth the priest with the son or with -the wyfe or what frende that it be unto him y^t is sicke, and they lay -their hands over his mouth to stop his breath, and so they sley him & -then they smite all the body into peces & praieth all his frendes -for to come and eate of him that is dead, and they make a great feste -thereof and haue many minstrels there, and eate him with great melody. -And so when they haue eaten al y^e flesh, then they take the bones and -bury them all singing with great worship, and all those that are of -his friendes that were not there at the eating of him haue great shame -and vylany, so that they shall never more be taken as frends. And -the King of this yle is a great lord and mightie, & he hath under him -LIIII grete Yles and eche of them hath a King, and in one of these -yles are men that haue but one eye, & that is in the middest of theyr -front and they eate not flesh & fishe all rawe. And in another yle -dwell men that haue no heads & theyr eyen are in theyr shoulders & -theyr mouth is on theyr breste.[1] In another yle are men that haue no -head ne eyen and theyr mouth is in theyr shoulders. And in another yle -are men that haue flatte faces without nose and without eyen, but they -haue two small round holes in stede of eyen, and they haue a flatte -mouth without lippes. And in that yle are men also that haue their -faces all flat without eyen, without mouth & without nose, but they -haue their eyen and their mouth behinde on their shoulders. And in -an other yle are foule men that haue the lippes aboute the mouth so -greate that when they sleepe in the sonne, they cover all theyr face -with the lippe. And in another yle are lyttle men as dwarfes, and haue -no mouth but a lyttle rounde hole & through that hole they eate their -meat with a pipe, & they haue no tongue & they speake not but they -blow & whistle and so make signes one to another. And in another yle -are men with hanging eares unto their shoulders.[2] And in another yle -are wild men with hanging eares & haue feete lyke an hors & they run -faste & they take wild beastes and eate them. And in another yle are -men that go on theyr handes & feete lyke beasts & are all rough and -will leape upon a tree like cattes or apes. And in an other yle are -men that go euer uppon theyr knees mervaylosly, and haue on euery -foote viii Toes.[3] Many other maner of folke bee in the sea in yles -thereabout, of whome it were to longe to tell all. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Here again Pliny says in his 7th book, cap. - 2:--"These people dwell not very far from the Troglodytæ - (_dwellers in caves_) to the west, of whom again there is - a tribe who are without necks, and _have eyes in their - shoulders_."] - - [Footnote 2: See Appendix.] - - [Footnote 3: Here a paragraph is omitted, not being suitable - for general readers.] - - - - -CAP. LXIII. - - _Of the Kingedome named Mancy which is the best kingedome of - the worlde._ - - -TO go from this yle toward the east many journies a man shall finde a -kingdome that is called Mancy[1] & this is in Inde the more, & it is -y^e most delectable and plenty of goods of all the worlde. In this -lande dwell christen men and Sarasins, for it is a great lande, and -therein are II M great cities & many other townes. In this lande no -man goeth a begging, for there is no pore man, and there men haue -beardes of heare[2] as it were cattes. In this lande are faire women, -and therefore some men call that lande Albany, for the white folke, -and there is a citie that men call Latorim and is more[3] than Paris, -and in that land are birdes twise greater than they be here and there -is all maner of vytayles good cheape.[4] In this countrey are whyte -hennes, and they beare no feathers but woll[5] as shepe doe in our -lande; and women of that countrey that are wedded beare crownes uppon -theyr heads that they may be knowne by. In this countrey they take a -beast that is called Loyres, and they keepe it to goe in to waters or -ryvers, and straighte waye hee bringeth out of the water great fishes, -and thus they take fishe as longe as they will, and as them nedeth. -Fro this citie men go by many journeys to an other citie that is -called Cassay,[6] that is the fayrest citie of the worlde, and that -citie is fifty myle about and there is in that citie mo than xii[7] -principall gates without. From thence within three myle is an other -great citie, and within this citie are more than xii thousand bridges -and upon eche bridge is a stronge toure where the kepers dwell to kepe -it against the great Caane, for it marcheth[8] on his land. And on one -side of the citie runneth a great river, and there dwell christen men -& other for it is a good countrey and plentious, & there groweth right -good wine. In this noble citie the King of Mancy was wont to dwell and -there dwell religious men, as fryers. And men go vpon the river till -they come to an Abbey of Monkes a lyttle from the citie & in y^t Abbey -is a great gardeine, and therein is many maner of trees of divers -fruites, in that gardein are divers kindes of beastes, as Baboyns,[9] -Apes, Marmosets and other, & when the covent[10] haue eaten, a monke -taketh the reliefe[11] & beareth it into the gardein, & smiteth once -with a bell of silver which he holdeth in his hand, anone come out -these beastes that I speake of and many nere II or III thousand,[12] -and he giveth them to eate of[13] faire vessels of silver, & when they -haue eaten he smyteth the bell againe and they go away, and the monke -sayth that those beasts are soules of men that are dead, and those -beastes that are fayre are soules of Lordes and other rich men, & -those that are foule beastes are soules of other commons, and I asked -them if it had not been better to give that relife to pore men, & they -sayde there is no pore men in y^e countrey and if there were yet -were it more almes to give it to those soules y^t suffer there their -penaunce & may go no farther to get their meat, than to men that haue -wit & may travail for theyr meat. Then come men to a citie y^t is -called Chibens & there was the first sege[14] of the King of Mancy. In -this citie are LX brydges of stone as fayre as they may be. - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Or Manzi, that part of China south of the river - Hoang-ho.] - - [Footnote 2: _Pynson_ has "berdes _thynne_ of here, as it were - cattes."] - - [Footnote 3: Larger.] - - [Footnote 4: _Pynson_ here has, "and there is plenty of great - neddres (_adders_) of whyche they make a greate fest and ete - theym at great solemnytees. For, if a man make a greate fest, - and had gyven them all the mete that he myght gete, and he - give theym no neddres, he hath no thanke for all that he - doth."] - - [Footnote 5: Wool.] - - [Footnote 6: Hangchow-fu.] - - [Footnote 7: _Pynson_ says, "There is in y^t citie mo than VII - thousand gates and each of III gate is a good toure where the - kepers dwell," &c.] - - [Footnote 8: Borders.] - - [Footnote 9: Baboons.] - - [Footnote 10: Convent.] - - [Footnote 11: What is left over.] - - [Footnote 12: _Pynson_ says III Thousand or IIII Thousand.] - - [Footnote 13: Off.] - - [Footnote 14: Seat or settlement.] - - - - -CAP. LXIIII. - - _Of the lande of Pygmen,[1] wherein dwell but smal people of - three spanne long._ - - -WHEN men passe from that citie of Chibens, they passe over a great -river of freshe water, and it is nere IIII mile brode & then men enter -into the lande of the great Caan. This river goeth through the land of -Pigmeens, and there men are of little stature for they are but three -span long, and they are right fayre bothe men and women, though they -bee little, and they are wedded when they are halfe a yere olde, and -they live but viii[2] yeare, and he that liveth viii yeare is holden -right olde, and these small men are the best workemen in sylke and of -cotton in all maner of thing that are in the worlde, and these smal -men travail not nor tyl land but they haue amonge them great men, as -we are, to travaill for them & they haue great scorne of those great -men, as we would haue of giaunts or of them if they were among us. - - - [Footnote 1: Pigmies, dwarfs. Homer, in the third book of the - Iliad, has immortalized the Pigmies and their battles with the - Cranes. (See Appendix for a curious engraving.) Pliny, in his - 7th Book, cap. 2, speaks thus of them: "Beyond these people, - and at the very extremity of the mountains, the Trispithami - (_from_ [Greek: treis], _three, and_ [Greek: spithamai], - _spans_), and the Pigmies are said to exist; two races that - are but three spans in height--that is to say, twenty-seven - inches only. They enjoy a salubrious atmosphere and a - perpetual spring, being sheltered by the mountains from the - northern blasts: it is these people that Homer has mentioned - as being waged war upon by cranes. It is said that they are in - the habit of going down, every spring, to the sea shore in a - large body, seated on the backs of rams and goats, and armed - with arrows, and there destroy the eggs and the young of those - birds; that this expedition occupies them for the space of - three months, and that otherwise it would be impossible for - them to withstand the increasing multitudes of the cranes. - Their cabins, it is said, are built of mud, mixed with - feathers and egg-shells. Aristotle, indeed, says that they - dwell in caves; but, in other respects, he gives the same - details as other writers."] - - [Footnote 2: Other editions say six or seven years.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP. LXV. - - _Of the citie of Menke where is a great navy._ - - -FROM this land men go through many countreys cities & towns, till they -come to a citie that men call Menke. In that citie is a great navy of -ships and they are as white as snow of the kind of the wod that they -are made of & they are made as it were great houses with halles and -chambres and other easements.[1] - - - [Footnote 1: Conveniences.] - - - - -CAP. LXVI. - - _Of the land named Cathay and of the great riches thereof._ - - -AND from thence men go uppon a river that men call Ceremosan, and this -river goeth throughe Cathay[1] & doth many times harme when it -waxeth great. Cathay is a faire countrey & rich, ful of goods and -merchandises, thether come marchauntes everye yeare for to fetch -spices and other marchandises more commonly than they do in other -countreys. And ye shall understand that marchaunts that come from -Venice or from Gene or from other places of Lombardy, or of Italy, -they go by sea and land, xi monthes and more or they may come to -Cathay. - - - [Footnote 1: Northern China.] - - - - -CAP. LXVII. - - _Of a great citie named Cadon therein is the great Caanes - palaice and sege._ - - -IN the province of Cathay towards the East, is an olde citie & beside -that citie the Tartariens have made an other citie that men call -Cadon,[1] y^t hathe xii[2] gates, and betwene eche two gates is a -great myle, so those two cities the olde and the new is round about -xx myle. In this citie is the palaice and sege of y^e great Caane in -a full faire place and great, of which the wals about is two myle, and -within that are many fayre places, and in the gardeyne of that palaice -is a right greate hill on the which is an other palaice, and it is the -fayrest that may bee founde in any place, and all about that hyll -are many trees berynge divers fruites, and about that hyll is a great -dyche, and there nere are many rivers on eche syde, and in those are -many wylde foules that he may take and not go out of the palayce. -Within y^e hall of that palaice are xxiiii pillers of gold and all the -walks are covered with rych skynnes of beastes that men call Panthera. - -Those are fayre beastes and well smelling and of the smell of those -skynnes, none evyll smell may come to the palayce, those skynnes are -as redde as bloude, and they shine so against the Sonne that a man can -scarcely beholde them and those skynnes are estemed there as much as -golde. - -In the myddest of the palace is a place made that they call the -Monture[3] for the great Caane, that is well made with precious stones -and great hanging about, and at the foure corners of that Montour -are foure nedders[4] of golde, & under that mountour and about are -conduites of bevrage that they drink in the Emperour's courte. And the -hall of that palayce is richly dight and wel, and firste at the upper -ende of the hall is the throne of the Emperour right hie where he -sitteth at meate (_at a_) table that is well bordered with gold and -that bordure is full of precious stones and great pearles, and the -greces on which he goeth up are of diverse precious stones bordred -with golde. - -At the left syde of his throne is the sege of his wife a degree lower -than he sitteth and that is of Jasper bordred with gold and the sege -of his seconde wife is a degree lower than the fyrste, and that is -also of good Jasper bordred with golde and the sege of the thyrd wife -is a degree lower than the seconde for alwaye he hathe three wives -with him wheresoeuer he is, besyde these wives on the same side -setteth other ladies of his kin eche one lower than other, as they are -of degree, and all those that are wedded, haue a counterfaite[5] of a -man's foote uppon their heads a cubite long and all made with precious -stones, & about they are made with shining fethers of pecockes or such -other in tokening that they are in subjection to man & under men's -feete, & they that are not wedded haue none such. On the right side -of the Emperour sitteth fyrste his sonne the which shall be Emperour -after him, and he sitteth also a degree lower than the Emperour in -such maner of seges as the Emperour sitteth, and by him sitteth other -lordes of his kyn, eche one lower than other as they are of degree. -And the Emperour hath his table by himselfe alone that is made of -golde and precious stones, or of white Crystal or yelowe, bordred with -golde, and eche one of his wyves hath a table by hirselfe. And under -the Emperours table sitteth foure clerkes at his feete that wryteth -all that the Emperour sayth be it good or ylle. And at great feastes -about the Emperours table, and all other tables in the hall is a vine -made of gold that goeth all about the hall, and it hath many braunches -of grapes lyke to grapes of the vine, some are white, some are yelowe, -some red, some grene, and some blacke, all the red are of rubies of -cremes[6] or allabonce, the white are of cristall or byrall,[7] the -yelowe are of topaces, the grene are of Emeraudes & Crysolytes, and -the blacke are of Quickes and Gerandes, & this vyne is made thus -of precious stones so properly that it seemeth that it were a vyne -growinge. And before the borde of the Emperour standeth great lordes -and no man is so hardy to speke unto hym, except it be musicians for -to solace the Emperour. And all the vessell that is served in his hall -or chambres, are of precious stones and namely at tables where great -lordes eate, that is to say, of Jasper, crystall, amatyst, or fyne -golde, and the cuppes are of Emeraudes, saphyres, topaces, and many -other maner of stones; and (_of_) silver haue they no vessell, for -they praise silver but little to make vessell of, but they make of -silver greces, pylers & paviments of halles & chambres. And ye shall -understande that my felaw & I were in wages with him xvi moneths -against the Kinge of Mancy,[8] uppon whome he made warre, and the -cause was we had so great desire to see the nobilitye of his court, -if it were suche as we heard speake of, and forsoth we founde it more -richer & solempne than ever we harde speake of, and we should neuer -haue beleved it, had we not seene it. But ye shall understande the -meat and drinke is more honest among us than it is in those countreys, -for all the comons eate upon skines of beastes on theyr knees and eate -but fleshe of all maner of beastes, & when they haue all eate they -wipe theyr handes on their skirtes & they eate but once in the day & -eate but little bread but the maner of the lordes is full noble and -richly. - - - [Footnote 1: Others call it Sugarmago or Eugarmago.] - - [Footnote 2: _Pynson_ says seven.] - - [Footnote 3: This is a curious term, which can scarcely - be translated. A French edition has _Mountaynette_, which - _Cotgrave_ says is a little mountain. A Latin edition says - _Ascensorium_.] - - [Footnote 4: Serpents.] - - [Footnote 5: Representation.] - - [Footnote 6: I have up to the present failed in finding - equivalents for these two words, also for Quickes (spelt - in _Pynson_ Onichez, which may probably mean onyxes,) and - Gerandes. This latter word is spelt in one MS. _Garantez_, - and may mean garnet. Cotgrave gives _Alabandique_, "a kinde of - blacke stone mingled with purple."] - - [Footnote 7: Beryl.] - - [Footnote 8: _Marco Polo_ gives a graphic description of the - invasion and subjection of Manzi, or Southern China, in the - year 1268, by Kublai's great general _Bayan_ (great or - noble) _Hundred eyes_. If, therefore, there is any truth in - Mandeville, he and his "felaw" may have helped to put down an - insurrection in the kingdom of Manzi.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP. LXVIII. - - _Wherefore that the Emperour of Cathay is called the great Caane._ - - -AND ye shall understande why he is called y^e great Caane, ye knowe -y^t all the worlde was destroied with Noes floud but Noe his wife & -children. Noe had three sons, Sem, Cham & Japhet. Cham when he saw his -father naked when he slept, scorned him & therefore he was cursed and -Japhet covered him againe. These three brethrene hadde all the land. -Cham toke the best parte eastward that is called Asia. Sem toke Afryke -and Japhet toke Europe. Cham was the mightiest and richest of his -bretherne and of him are come the Paynim folke & divers maner of men -of the yles, some headlesse, and other men disfigured, and for this -Cham the Emperour there called him Cham and Lord of all. But ye shall -understande that the Emperour of Cathay is called Caane, and not -Cham, & for this cause, it is not long ago that all Tartary was in -subjection and thrall to other nations about, and they were made -herdemen to kepe beastes, and among them was vii linages[1] or kindes, -the firste was called Tartary that is the best, the second linage is -called Tamghot,[2] the third Furace,[3] the fourth Valaire, the fifth -Semoth,[4] the sixth Menchy,[5] the seventh Sobeth.[6] These are all -holding of the great Caane of Cathay. Now it befell so that the first -linage was an olde man & hee was not ryche and men called him Chanius. -This man lay and slept on a nighte in his bedde, and there came to him -a knighte, all white, sitting uppon a white hors, and sayde to him, -Caane slepeste thou? God that is almighty sent me to thee, & it is -his will that thou saye to the vii linages y^t thou shalt be theyr -Emperour, for ye shall conquere all the lande about you, and they -shall be in your subjection as you have bene in theirs. And when morow -came he rose up and sayde it to the vii linages, and they scorned him -and sayde he was a fole, and the next night the same knighte came to -the vii linages and bad them of gods behalfe to make Chanius their -Emperour, and they shold be out of all subjection. And on the morow -they chose Chanius to be Emperour, and dyd him all worship that they -might do, & called him Caane as the white knighte called him, and they -sayde they would doe as he badde them. Then he made many statutes and -lawes, the which he called Ysakan.[7] The firste statute was, that -they shoulde be obedient to God almyghtie, and beleve that he should -deliver them out of thraldome, and that they shoulde call on him in -all their workes. Another statute was, y^t all men that might beare -armes shoulde be nombred, and to eche x shoulde be a master, and to -a hundred a master, and to a thousand a master. Then he commaunded -to all the greatest and principallest of the vii linages, that they -should forsake all that they had in heritage or lordship, and that -they should hold them payed of that he wold give them of his grace, -and they did so. And also he bad them y^t eche man should bringe -his eldest sonne before him, and sleay his owne sonne with his owne -handes, and smyte of their heads, and as sone they did his bidding. -And when he saw they made no letting[8] of what he bad them, then bad -he them folow his baner, and then he put in subjection all the landes -about him. - - - [Footnote 1: People or tribes.] - - [Footnote 2: Tangut, or Tanghút, is the name given to certain - tribes of Thibetan extraction, who lived on the north-west - frontier of China.] - - [Footnote 3: Called variously Eurache, Semoche, Megly and - Coboghe, whose relative positions can scarcely now be defined - accurately.] - - [Footnote 4: As Footnote #3.] - - [Footnote 5: As Footnote #3.] - - [Footnote 6: As Footnote #3.] - - [Footnote 7: Others write it Ysya-Chan.] - - [Footnote 8: Hindrance.] - - - - -CAP. LXIX. - - _How the great Caane was hid under a tree, and so escaped his - enimies bicause of a byrd._ - - -AND it befell on a day that the Caane rode with a fewe men to see the -lande that he had wonne, and he met with a greate multitude of his -enimies and there he was caste downe of his horse, and his horse -slayne, and when his men saw him at y^e earth[1] they went[2] he had -been deade, and fledde, & the ennimies folowed after, and when he -sawe his ennimies were fer,[3] he hid him in a bushe, for the wod was -thicke there, and when they were come againe from the chace, they went -to seke among the wood if any were hid there, and they founde many, -and as they came to the place where he was, they saw a birde sitte -uppon a tree, the which byrd men call an Oule, and then sayd they, -that there was no man, for the birde sat there, and so went they away, -and thus was the Caane saved from death, & so he went awaye on a night -to his owne men, which were glad of his comming, and from that time -hitherwardes men of that countrey haue that byrde in great reverence, -and for that cause they worship that byrd aboue all other birds of -the worlde. And incontinent he assembled all his men, rode uppon his -enimies and destroyed them, and when he had won all the landes that -were aboute him, he helde them in subjection. And when the Caane had -won all the lordes to mounte Belyan, the white knighte came to him in -a vision againe, and said unto him, Caan the will of God is, that thou -passe the mounte Belyan, and thou shalt win many landes, and for thou -shalt find no passage, go thou to mount Belian that is upon the sea -side and knele ix times thereon against the east in the worship of -God, & he shall shew thee a way how thou shalt passe, and Caan did -so, & anon the sea that touched the hil, withdrew him, & shewed him -a faire way of ix foote brode betwene the hill and the sea, & so he -passed right wel with al his men, & then he wan the land of Cathay -that is the best land and the greatest of all the worlde, and for -those ix knelings and the ix foote of way, Caane and the men of -Tartary have the number of ix in great worship. - - - [Footnote 1: On the ground.] - - [Footnote 2: Weened--supposed, imagined.] - - [Footnote 3: Far away.] - - - - -CAP. LXX. - - _Of the great Caanes letters and the wryting about his seale._ - - -NOW when he had wonne the lande of Cathay he dyed, and then raigned -after Cythoco[1] the eldest sonne of Caane, & his other brothers went -to winne them landes in other countreys, and they wan the land of -Pruisse, and of Russy & they dyd cal themselfe Caane, but he of Cathay -is the greatest lorde of all the worlde and so he called him in his -letters and sayth thus, _Caane filius dei excelsi, universam terram -coulentium summus imperator, & dominus dominantium_ That is to say, -Caane Gods son, Emperour of all those that tyll all the lande, and -Lorde of all lordes. And the writing about his great seale is, _Deus -in celo & Caane super terram ejus fortitudo omnium hominum imperatoris -sigillum_ That is to say, God in heaven, Caan uppon earth, his -strength the seale of the Emperor of all men. And the wryting -about his privy seale is, _Dei fortitudo omnium hominum imperatoris -sigillum_ That is to say, The strength of God, seale of the Emperour -of all men. And if it be so that they be not christen, yet the -Emperour and the Tartarins beleve in God Almightie. - - - [Footnote 1: In other editions Ecchecha. In reality, - Ok-lar-Khan, who succeeded his father in 1229, and reigned - over the Tartars till 1241.] - - - - -CAP. LXXI. - - _Of the governaunce of the countrey of the great Caane._ - - -NOW haue I tolde you why he is called the great Caane, now shall I -tell you of the governinge of his courte when they make great feastes, -and he kepeth foure principall feastes in the yeare, the fyrste of his -byrth, the seconde when he is borne to the Temple to be circumcised, -the third is of his ydoles when they begin to speake, and the fourth -when the ydole beginneth fyrst to do myracles, & at those tymes he -hath men well arayed by thousands and by hundreds and eche one wote -well what he shal do. For there is fyrst ordeined 4000 rich barons and -mighty for to ordeine the feast & to serve the Emperour & all these -barons haue crowns of gold well dight with precious stones and -pearles, and they are clad in clothes of golde & camathas[1] as richly -as they may bee made & they may well have suche clothes for they -are there of lesse pryce than wollen cloth is here. And these foure -thousande barons are departed in foure parties, & eche company is clad -in diverse colour ryght richely, and when the first thousand is passed -and hath shewed them, then come the seconde thousande, and then the -thirde thousande & then the fourth, and none of them speketh a word. -And on the one side of the Emperours table sitteth many phylosophers -of many sciences, some of Astronomie, Nygromancie[2], Geometry, -Pyromacy,[3] & many other sciences, and some haue before them -Astrolabes[4] of golde or of precious stones full of sande or of coles -brenning, some haue horologes[5] well dight and richly, and many other -instruments after their sciences. And at a certaine houre when they -see time, they say to men that stand before them, make peace, and -then saye those men with a loude voyce to all the hall, now be -styll awhile, and then saith one of the philosophers, eche man make -reverence and encline to the Emperour, that is Gods sonne, and lorde -of the worlde, for now is time and houre, and then all men enclyne -to him, and knele on the earth, and then the Phylosopher biddeth them -rise up againe. And at another houre another philosopher biddeth them -put their fingers in theyr eares and they do so, and at another houre -another philosopher biddeth that all men shall laye their hande on -their heads, and they do so, and then he biddeth them take them away -and they doe so, and thus from houre to houre they bid divers thinges. -And I asked privily what it shoulde meane and one of the masters said -that the enclining and the kneling on the earth at that time hath this -token, that all those men that kneled so shall evermore be true to the -Emperour, that for no gift nor thretning they shal never be traitours -nor false to him and the putting of the finger in the eare hath this -token, that none of those shall here any yll spoken of the Emperour -or his counsayll. And ye shall understande that men dight nothing, -as clothes, bread, drinke nor no such things to the Emperour but at -certaine hours that the Philosophers tell, and if any man reyse -war against the Emperour in what countrey so ever it bee these -Philosophers know it sone, & tell y^e Emperour or his counsail and he -sendeth men thether, for he hath many men. Also he hath many men -that kepeth birdes, as gerfaukons[6], sperhaukes,[7] faucons,[8] -gentils,[9] lavers, sacres,[10] popyniaye[11] that can speake, and -many other, ten thousande olyphants, baboynes, marmosets and other and -he hath ever aboute him many Physicions more than two hundred that are -Christen men & xx sarasyns, but yet he trusteth more to Christen men -than in Sarasyns. And there is in that countrey many Sarasins and -other Servaunts that are Christen and converted to the faith, through -preching of good Christen men that dwel there, but there are many that -will not that men[12] wete that they are Christen. - - - [Footnote 1: A rich silken or thread stuff.] - - [Footnote 2: Necromancy, or foretelling events by pretended - communion with the dead.] - - [Footnote 3: Divination by fire.] - - [Footnote 4: An astronomical instrument.] - - [Footnote 5: Timepieces.] - - [Footnote 6: Girfalcons.] - - [Footnote 7: Sparrowhawks.] - - [Footnote 8: Falcons.] - - [Footnote 9: Gentles.] - - [Footnote 10: Sakers or Peregrine hawks.] - - [Footnote 11: Parrots.] - - [Footnote 12: Will not let men know.] - - - - -CAP. LXXII. - - _Of the great ryches of the Emperour and of his dispending._ - - -THIS Emperour is a great lorde, for he may dispend what he will -without nombre, bicause he spendeth nother sylver nor golde & maketh -no money but of lether or skynnes, and this same money goeth through -all his lande, and of the sylver & gold buylded he his palaces. And -he hath in his chambre a piller of golde in the which is a Ruby, and -carbuncle of a foote[1] long, the which lighteth all his chambre by -night & he hath many other precious stones & rubies, but this is the -most.[2] This Emperour dwelleth in the sommer towardes the North in a -citie that men call Saydus and there it is colde enoughe, and in the -winter he dwelleth in a citie that men call Camalach, and there it -is right hot, but for the most part is he at Cadon, that is not farre -thence. - - - [Footnote 1: Others say half a foot. There were always rumours - in the East of wonderful rubies, especially one belonging - to the King of Ceylon, which Kublai Khan is reported to have - coveted, and wished to purchase.] - - [Footnote 2: The greatest.] - - - - -CAP. LXXIII. - - _Of the ordynaunce of the lordes of the Emperour when he rideth - from one countrey to another to warre._ - - -AND when this great Caane shall ryde from one countrey to another -they ordeyne foure hostes of people, of which the fyrst goeth before -a daies journey; for that hoste lyeth at even where the Emperour shall -lye on the morow, and there is plenty of vitailes. And another host -commeth at the right side of hym and an other at the left side, and -in eche hoste is muche folke. And then commeth the fourth hoste behind -hym a bowe draught, and there is more men in that than in any of the -other. And ye shall understande that the Emperour rideth on no horse, -but when hee will go to any seacrete place with a privy meyny[1] where -he will not be knowne, but he rideth in a chariot with four wheles & -there uppon is a chamber made of a tree that men call _Lignum aloes_ -that commeth out of Paradise terrestre, & that chamber is covered -with plates of fyne gold, and precious stones and perles, and foure -Olyfants & foure Oxen all white go therein, and five or sixe great -lordes ride about him, so that none other men shal come nigh him, -except the Emperour call any, and in the same manner with a chariot -& such hostes rideth the Empres by another side, and the Emperours -eldest sonne in that same aray, and they haue so much people that it -is a great marvaile for to see. - - - [Footnote 1: Private retinue.] - - - - -CAP. LXXIIII. - - _How the empyre of the great Caane is departed[1] into xii - provinces & how that they do cast ensence in the fyre where - the great Caane passeth through the cities & townes in worship - of the Emperour._ - - -THE land of the great Caane is departed in xii provinces, and euery -province hath more than two thousande cities and townes. And when the -Emperour rideth through the countrey, & he passeth through cities -& townes, eche man maketh a fyre before his house, & caste therein -ensence & other things that giue good smell to the Emperour. And if -any man of relygion that are Christen men dwel nere as the Emperour -cometh they mete him with procession, with crosse and holye water, and -they singe, _Veni creator spiritus_ with a loude voyce, and when he -seeth them comming he commaundeth the lordes that they ride nere to -him to make way that the religious men may come to him, and when he -seeth the crosse, he doeth[2] of his hat that is made of precious -stones and greate perles, & that hat is so riche that it is marvaile -to tel, and then he enclineth to the crosse, & the prelate of the -religious men sayth orisons before him and giveth him the benison[3] -with the crosse, and he enclineth to the benison ful devoutly, and -then the prelate giveth him some fruite to the number of ix in a -platter of gold,[4] peares or apples or other fruite, & then the -Emperour taketh one thereof and the other he giveth to his lordes, -for the maner is such there, that no strange man shall come before the -Emperour but he giue him somewhat, after the olde law that sayth, _Non -accedat in conspectu meo manis_[5] That is to say, No man come into -my sight idle. And then y^e Emperour biddeth these religious men that -they shall goe forth, so that the men of his hoste defyle them not, -and those relygious men that dwell where the Empresse or the Emperours -sonne cometh, they do in the same maner. - - - [Footnote 1: Partitioned.] - - [Footnote 2: Taketh off.] - - [Footnote 3: Blessing.] - - [Footnote 4: Others say silver.] - - [Footnote 5: Misprint for _vacuus_, empty-handed.] - - - - -CAP. LXXV. - - _How the great Caan is the mightiest lord of all the worlde._ - - -THIS great Caane is the myghtiest lorde of the worlde, for prester[1] -John is not so great a lorde as he, nor the Sowdan of Babilon, ne y^e -Emperour of Percy. In this lande a man hath a hundred wives & some -xi,[2] some more some lesse, & they take of their kin to wives, all -saue their sisters, their mothers & daughters and they take also wel -theyr stepmother if their father be dead, and men & women haue all one -maner of clothing, so that they may not bee knowne, but y^t women that -are wedded beare a token on theyr heads, & they dwell not with their -housbandes, but he may lye by which he will. They have plenty of all -maner of beastes save swine, and forsoth they wyll (_have_) none, and -they beleve well in God that made all thing, & yet have they ydoles of -golde and sylver, and to those Idols they offer theyr fyrst mylke of -beastes. - - - [Footnote 1: In the 12th and 13th centuries there was a firm - belief that ruling over a vast population in the far East was - a most wealthy and powerful monarch of that name, who claimed - to be descended from one of the three kings who adored the - infant Christ.] - - [Footnote 2: Others say 60.] - - - - -CAP. LXXVI. - - _Of other maners of this countrey._ - - -THIS Emperour the great Caane hath three wives, and the principall -wife was Prester Johns daughter. And the people of this countrey begin -to doe all theyr thinges in the newe Moone, and they worshippe muche -the Sonne and the Moone, those men ryde commonly without spoores, & -they holde it a great sinne to breake one bone[1] with another, and to -spyll mylke on the grounde, or any other lycour y^t men may drinke.[2] -And when they haue eaten they wipe their handes uppon theyr skyrts, -for they haue no table clothes except it be right great lordes, and -when they haue all eaten they put their dishes or platters not washed -in the pot or cauldron with flesh that is left when they haue eaten, -until they will eate another time, & rich men drink milke of mares, of -asses, or other beastes, and other beverage that is made of milke and -water togither, for they haue neither beere nor wine. And when they go -to warre, they warre full wysely, and eche man of them bereth two or -three bowes and many arowes and a great hatchet, gentilmen haue short -swords,[3] and he that flyeth in batayle they sleay him, & they are -ever in purpose to bring all the land in subjection to them, for they -say prophecies say that they shall be overcome by shot of archers, -and that they shall turne them to their law, but they wot not what men -they shall be, and it is great peril to pursue the Tartaries when they -flee, for they will shoot behinde and slea men as well as before, and -they have small eyen[4] as little birdes, and they are commonly false -for they holde not their promise. And when a man shal die among them, -they stick a speare in the earth beside him, and when he draweth to -the death, they go out of the house till he dead, and then they put -him in the earth in the fielde. - - - [Footnote 1: A bone.] - - [Footnote 2: A passage is here omitted.] - - [Footnote 3: Other editions say spears.] - - [Footnote 4: Eyes.] - - - - -CAP. LXXVII. - - _How the Emperour is brought unto his grave when he is dead._ - - -AND when the Emperour is dead, they set him into a carte[1] in the -middes of his tente, and they set before him a table covered with -a cloth, & there upon they set flesh and other meat & a cup full of -milke of a mare, and they set a mare with a colte by him, & a horse -sadled & bridled, and they lay upon the horse golde & silver, and all -about him they make a greate grave, and with all the things they -put him therein, as the tente, hors, golde & silver, and all that is -aboute him & they say, when he cometh in to another worlde he shall -not be without an house, nor hors, ne silver nor gold, and the mare -shall give him milke & bringe forth more horses till he be well stored -in the other worlde, & one of his chamberlaines or servants is put -with him in the earth for to doe him service in the other worlde, for -they belieue that when hee is dead he shall go to another world, and -be a greater lord there than here; & when that he is laid in the earth -no man shal be so hardy[2] for to speake of him before his frendes. - - - [Footnote 1: Other editions say a chair.] - - [Footnote 2: _I.e._, his name is never mentioned.] - - - - -CAP. LXXVIII. - - _When the Emperour is dead how they chose and make an other._ - - -AND then when the Emperour is dead the seaven linages gather them -togither, and they touch his son or the next of his blood, & they say -thus, We wyll, and we ordeyne, and we pray thee that thou wilt be our -lord & Emperour, and he enquireth of them and sayth, if ye will that I -raigne upon you, then must ye doe all that I bidde you to doe. And if -he bid that any shal be slaine, he shal be slaine, & they aunswere all -with one voyce, y^t ye bid shall be done. Then saith ye Emperour, fro -henceforth, my word shal cut as my sword, and then they set him in a -chaire, & crowne him, & then all the good townes thereabout send to -him presents, so much that he shall haue more than a C Camelles[1] -laden with gold and silver, beside other Jewels y^t he shall haue -of lords, of precious stones & gold without number & horse, & riche -clothes of Camacas[2] and Tarins,[3] & such other. - - - [Footnote 1: Other editions say 60 chariots.] - - [Footnote 2: See footnote, _ante_, p. 168.] - - [Footnote 3: Tartarins, a kind of silken fabric.] - - - - -CAP. LXXIX. - - _What countreys and kingdomes lye next to the land of Cathay - and the frontes thereof._ - - -THIS lande of Cathay is in Asia the depe,[1] and this same lande -marcheth toward the west upon the kingdome of Sercy,[2] the which -was sometyme to one of the three kings that went to seke our Lord in -Bethlem and all those that come of his kin are christen men. These men -of Tartary drinke no wine. In y^e land of Corosaym,[3] y^t is at the -north side of Cathay is right great plenty of goods, but no wine, the -which hath at the east side a great wildernesse, that lasteth more -than an hundred journeys, and the best citie of that land is called -Corasaym, & after the name of that citie is the lande called after, -and men of this lande are good warriors and hardy, and thereby is the -Kingedome of Comayne, this is the most & the greatest kingedome of the -world, but it is not all inhabited, for in one place of the lande is -so great cold, that no man may dwel ther for colde, and in an other -place is so great heat, that no man may dwell there, & there are so -many faithes[4] that a man wot not on what side hee may turne him, & -in this lande are fewe trees bering fruite. In thys lande men ly in -tentes, and they burne donge[5] of beastes for defaut of wood. This -lande descendeth toward Pruse & Rossy & through this land runneth the -river Echell,[6] that is one of the greatest rivers in y^e world & -it is frosen so hard euery yeare that men fight thereupon in great -battayles on horse and footemen more than a C.M[7] at once. And -a lyttle from y^e river is the great sea of Occyan, that they cal -Maure[8] and betwene this Maure & Caspy[9] is a full straight passage -to go towarde Inde and therefore King Alexander did make there a citie -y^t men call Alexander, for to kepe that passage, so that no man -may passe but if he haue leave, & now is that citie called Port de -fear,[10] and the principall citie of Comayne is called Sarachis,[11] -this is one of the thre ways to go to Inde, but through this way -may not many men go but if it be in winter, & this passage is called -Berbent.[12] And another way is to go from y^e land of Turkescon[13] -through Percy, & in this way are many journeys in wildernesse. And y^e -third way is that cometh from Cosmane & goeth through y^e great citie -& through y^e Kingedome of Abachare.[14] And ye shall understand y^t -all these kingedomes & lords unto Percy are holden of y^e great Caan & -many other & therefore he is a great lorde of men & of lande. - - - [Footnote 1: Lower Asia.] - - [Footnote 2: Others write it Tharse.] - - [Footnote 3: ? Khorassan.] - - [Footnote 4: A misprint for flies.] - - [Footnote 5: The usual fuel in an unwooded Asiatic country.] - - [Footnote 6: Volga.] - - [Footnote 7: Others say 200,000.] - - [Footnote 8: The Black Sea.] - - [Footnote 9: The Caspian Sea.] - - [Footnote 10: Port de Fer, or Iron Gate. Other editions have - it "Gate of Hell."] - - [Footnote 11: Sarai, or Sara, on the Volga. Chaucer, in - "Cambuscan," speaks of it thus:-- - - "At _Sarra_ in the Londe of Tartarie - There dwelt a King that werriëd Russie." - ] - - [Footnote 12: The Pass of Derbend, still called in Turkish - _Demir Kapi_, or the Iron Gate.] - - [Footnote 13: Turkestan.] - - [Footnote 14: Variously written Abcaz or Abkhas.] - - - - -CAP. LXXX. - - _Of other wayes comming from Cathay toward the Grekes sea - & also of the emperour of Percy._ - - -NOW I haue devysed you the landes towardes the North, to come from the -lands of Cathay to the lands of Pruse & Rossy where Christen men dwel. -Now shall I devise unto you other lands & kingdoms, in comming down -from Cathay to the Grekes sea wher Christen men dwell, and for as -muche as next the great Caane of Cathay the Emperour of Percy is -the greatest lorde, therefore I shall speake of him, & ye shall -understande that he hath two kingdomes, the one beginneth eastward and -it is the kingdome of Turkescon & it lasteth westward to the sea of -Caspy & southward to the lande of Inde. This lande is good & playne -and well manned,[1] with good cities but two most principal, ye which -are called Bacirida & Sormagaunt.[2] The other is the kingedome of -Percy, and lasteth from the river of Phison[3] unto great Armony,[4] & -northward unto the sea of Caspy & southward to the land of Inde & -this is a full plenteous countrey and good. In this lande are three -principall cities Nessabor, Saphan, & Sermesse.[5] - - - [Footnote 1: Peopled.] - - [Footnote 2: Bokhara and Samarcand.] - - [Footnote 3: Pison.] - - [Footnote 4: Armenia] - - [Footnote 5: Otherwise spelt Messabor, Caphon, and - Sarmassane.] - - - - -CAP. LXXXI. - - _Of the lande of Armony, which is a good land & of the lande - of Middy._[1] - - -THEN is the lande of Armony, in the which was sometime three -kingdomes, this is a good land and a plentious, & it beginneth at -Percy, & lasteth westward to Turkey of length, and in breadth lasteth -from the citie of Alexander (that is now called Port de fear) unto the -lande of Myddy. In this Armony are many fayre cities, but Cauryssy[2] -is most of name. Then is the land of Myddy, and it is full long and -not brode & beginneth eastward at the land of Percy, & Inde the lesse, -and lasteth westward to the kingdome of Calde,[3] & northward to -little Armony. In this Myddy are many great hyls, & little (_of_) -plaines & ther dwel Sarasins & other maner of men, that men call -Cordines.[4] - - - [Footnote 1: Media.] - - [Footnote 2: Other editions have it Taurizo--in all - probability the modern _Tabriz_ is meant.] - - [Footnote 3: Chaldæa.] - - [Footnote 4: Kurds.] - - - - -CAP. LXXXII. - - _Of the Kingdome of George & Abcan, and many marvayles._ - - -THEN next is the kingdome of George,[1] that beginneth eastward at a -great hil that men call Abiorz,[2] this land lasteth to Turkey to the -great sea, & to the land of Myddy, and great Armony & in this land are -two kynges, one of Abcan, and another of George but he of George is in -subjection of the great Caane, but he of Abcan hath a strong countrey, -and defendeth him well against his enimies, & in this land of Abcan -is a great marvaile, for there is a countrey in this land that is nere -III dayes long and about, & is called Hanison, and that countrey is -all covered with darknesse, so that it hath no light that no man may -see there, and no man dare go into that countrey for darkenes. And -neverthelesse men of that countrey thereby say that they may sometime -heare therein the voyce of man and horse crying, and cocks crow, and -they know wel that men dwel there, but they know not what maner of -men, and they saye this darknesse came through miracle of God that he -dyd for Christen men there. For there was a wicked Emperour y^t was of -Poy[3] & was called Saures, & he pursued sometime all Christen men to -destroy them, and did make them do sacrifice to their false gods, & in -that countrey dwelled many Christen men y^e which left al their goods -& catel, and riches, and wold go to Grece, and when they were all in a -great plain y^t is called Megon the Emperour and his men came to sley -the Christen men, & then the christen men kneled down & prayed to God, -and anon came a thick cloude and covered the Emperour and al his host, -so that he might not go away, and so dweled they in darkness, and they -neuer came out after, and y^e Christen men went there as they would, -and therefore they might say thus, _A domino factum est istud, & est -mirabile in oculis nostris_, that is to say, of our Lord is this done, -& it is wonderful in our eyes. Out of this lande cometh a river y^t -men may se by good tokens y^t men dwel therein. - - - [Footnote 1: Georgia.] - - [Footnote 2: Probably Mount Elburz, one of the Caucasian - range.] - - [Footnote 3: Misprint for Persia.] - - - - -CAP. LXXXIII. - - _Of the land of the land of Turky & divers other countreys and - of the land of Mesopotamy._ - - -THEN next is the land of Turky, that marcheth to Great Armony and -therein are many countreys as Capadoce, Saure,[1] Bryke, Quecion, -Patan & Genethe, in eche one of the countreys are many good cities, -and it is a plaine land, & few hills and few rivers, and then is the -kingdome of Mesopotamy that beginneth eastwarde at flom of Tygre[2] at -a citie that men call Mosell,[3] and it lasteth westwarde to the flom -of Euphraten, to a citie that men call Rochaym[4] & westwarde from -high Armony unto the wildernesse of Inde the lesse, and it is a good -land and playne, but there is few rivers, and there is but two hils -in that lande, the one is called Simar, and the other Lison, & it -marcheth unto the lande of Caldee, and ye shall understande that the -land of Ethyope marcheth eastward to the great wildernesse westwarde -to the land of Nuby,[5] southwarde to the lande of Maratan[6] and -northward to the redde sea & then is the Maritan that lasteth from the -hilles of Ethiope unto Liby,[7] the high, and the low that lasteth to -the great sea of Spayne.[8] - - - [Footnote 1: Otherwise written Brique, Quesiton, Pytan, and - Cemethe.] - - [Footnote 2: The river Tigris.] - - [Footnote 3: Mosul.] - - [Footnote 4: Otherwise Roiantz.] - - [Footnote 5: Nubia.] - - [Footnote 6: Mauritania.] - - [Footnote 7: Lybia.] - - [Footnote 8: The Mediterranean.] - - - - -CAP. LXXXIIII. - - _Of divers countreys kingedomes & yles, and marvayles beyond - the land of Cathay._ - - -NOW haue I sayd and spoken of many things on this side of the great -Kingedome of Cathay, of whome many are obeysant[1] to the great Caane. -Now shall I tell of some landes, countreys & yles that are beyond the -lande of Cathay. Whoso goeth from Cathay to Inde the high and the -low, he shal go through a kingdome that men call Cadissen[2] & it is -a great lande, there groweth a maner of fruite as it were gourdes, & -when it is ripe men cut it a sonder, and men fynde therein a beast -as it were of fleshe and bone and bloud, as it were a lyttle lambe -without wolle, and men eate the beast & fruite also, and sure it -semeth very strange. Neverthelesse I sayd to them that I held y^t for -no marvayle, for I sayd that in my countrey are trees y^t beare -fruit y^t become byrds flying, and they are good to eate, & that that -falleth on the water liveth & that that falleth on earth dyeth, & they -marvailed much thereat. In this countrey & many other thereabout -are trees that beareth cloves, & nutmigs and canel[3] and many other -spyces, & there be vines that beare so great grapes that a strong man -shall enough to beare a cluster of grapes. In that same lande are the -hils of Caspy that men cal Uber & amonge those hilles are the Jewes of -the x kindes[4] enclosed therein, that men call Gog & Magog & they may -not come out on no syde. There were inclosed xxii kynges with theyr -folke that dwelled betwene y^e hills of Syche,[5] and King Alexander -chased them thither among those hilles, for hee trusting for to haue -enclosed them there through the working of men, but he might not, and -when he saw he might not, he prayed to God that he woulde fulfyll that -which hee had begun. God heard his prayer and enclosed the hilles all -about them but[6] at the one side, and there is the sea of Caspy. Here -some men mighte aske, there is a sea on one side, why go they not out -there, for thereto aunswered I that all if it be called a sea, it is -not a sea, but a stange[7] standing among hyls, and it is the greatest -stange of all the world, and all if they went over the sea, they wot -not wher to arive, for they can no speach[8] but their own. And ye -shall understand that the Jewes haue no law[9] of their owne in all -the world, but they dwell in those hils, and yet they pay tribute for -their land to the quene of Armony[10] & sometime it is so that some of -the Jewes go over the hils but many men may not passe there togither, -for the hils are so great and high. Neverthelesse men say in that -countrey therby, that in the time of Antechrist they shall doe much -harme to Christen men and therefore all the Jewes that dwell in -diverse partes of the worlde lerne for to speake Ebrew, for they hope -that the Jewes that dwel among the hils aforesayde, shall come out -of the hils and speake all Ebrew and nought else, & then shall these -Jewes speake Ebrew to them and lede them into Christendome for -to destroye Christen men. For these Jewes say they know by their -prophecies that those Jewes y^t are among those hils of Caspy shall -come out, and Christen men shall be in their subjection, as they -bee under christen men. And if ye wyll know how they shall finde the -passage out, as I have understand I shall tell you. In the time of -Antechriste a foxe shall make his denne in the same place wher King -Alexander dyd make the gates & he shall dyg in the earth so long til -he pearce it through and come among the Jewes, and when they see the -Foxe, they shall haue great marvaile[11] of him, for they saw neuer -such a beast, for other beastes have they among them many, and they -shall chase this foxe and pursue him until y^t he be fled againe to -his hole that he came from, & then shall they dig after him untill -they come to y^e gates y^t Alexander did make of great stones well -dight[12] with siment, then shall they brake these gates, and they -shall find the issue. - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: Obedient, or under the rule of.] - - [Footnote 2: Other editions say Caldithe.] - - [Footnote 3: Cinnamon.] - - [Footnote 4: Tribes.] - - [Footnote 5: Scythia.] - - [Footnote 6: Except.] - - [Footnote 7: Lake or pool.] - - [Footnote 8: Can only speak their own language.] - - [Footnote 9: Misprint for _land_.] - - [Footnote 10: Other editions say Amazony.] - - [Footnote 11: Be astonished at him.] - - [Footnote 12: Well cemented.] - - - - -CAP. LXXXV. - - _Of the land of Bactry, and of many Griffons and other beastes._ - - -FROM this land men shal go unto the land of Bactry,[1] where are many -wicked men & fell,[2] in that land are trees that beare wol,[3] as -it were shepe, of which they make cloth. In this land are ypotains[4] -that dwel sometime on land, sometime on water, and are halfe a man and -halfe a horse, and they eate not but men, when they may get them. In -this land are many gryffons, more than in other places, and some say -they haue the body before as an Egle, and behinde as a Lyon, and it is -trouth, for they be made so; but the Griffen hath a body greater than -viii Lyons and stall worthier[5] than a hundred Egles. For certainly -he wyl beare to his nest flying, a horse and a man upon his back, or -two Oxen yoked togither as they go at plowgh, for he hath longe nayles -on hys fete, as great as it were hornes of Oxen,[6] and of those they -make cups there to drynke of, and of his rybes[7] they make bowes to -shoote with. - - - [Footnote 1: Bactria.] - - [Footnote 2: Crafty.] - - [Footnote 3: Wool.] - - [Footnote 4: Hippopotamuses.] - - [Footnote 5: Stouter, braver.] - - [Footnote 6: The editor of the edition of 1827 says, in a - footnote, p. 325: "One 4 foot long, in the Cotton Library, - has a Silver Hoop about the end, whereon is engraven _Griphi - Unguis, Divo Cuthberto Dunelmensi sacer_. Another, about an - Ell long, is mentioned by _Dr. Greis_, in his History of the - Rarities of the Royal Society, p. 26; tho' the Doctor there - supposes it rather the horn of a Rock Buck, or of the _Ibex - mas_." Such was science a little over fifty years since!] - - [Footnote 7: Ribs.] - - - - -CAP. LXXXVI. - - _Of the way for to go to prester Johns land which is Emperour - of Inde._ - - -FROM this lande of Bactry men goe many dayes Jorneyes to the lande of -Prester John, that is a great Emperour of Inde, and men call his lande -the yle of Pantoroze.[1] This Emperour Prester John holdeth great -land, & many good cities, and good townes, in his kingedome is many -great yles & large for this land of Ynde is departed in yles because -of great flods that come out of Paradise, and also in the sea are many -great yles, the best citie that is in the yle of Pantoroze is called -Nile,[2] that is a noble citie & a rich. Prester John hath under him -many kings and many diverse people, and his land is good & rych, but -not so rich as the land of the great Caane, for marchaunts come not so -much thyther as they do unto the lande of the greate Caane, for it is -so long a journey. And also they finde in the yle of Cathay all thing -that they haue nede of, as spycery, clothes of gold, and other riches, -and all if they might haue better cheape in the lande of Prester John -than in the land of Cathay, and more finer, neverthelesse they would -let[3] it, for the long waye and great perils on the sea, for there -are many places in the sea where are many roches of a stone that is -called Adamand, the which of its own kinde, draweth to him all maner -of yron, & therefore there may no ships that hath yron nayles passe, -but it draweth them to him, and therefore they dare not go into that -countrey with ships for dread of the Adamand. I went once into that -sea & sawe along as it had bene a great yle of trees, stockes & -braunches growinge, and the shipmen told me that those were of great -shippes that abode there, through the vertue of the Adamandes and of -things that were in the ships, whereof those trees sprong and waxed. -And such roches are there many in diverse places of that sea & -therefore dare there no shypman passe that waye. And another thing -also that they dread the long way, and therefore they go moste to -Cathay, and that is nerer unto them. And yet it is not so nere, but -then behoveth[4] for Venice or Gene be in ye sea toward Cathay xi -or xii moneths. The land of Prester John is long, & marchaunts passe -thither through the lande of Persy, and come unto a citie that men cal -Hermes,[5] for a Philosopher that was called Hermes founded it, and -they passe an arme of the sea, & come to another citie that men call -Saboth,[6] & there fynde they all marchaundises, & popiniayes, as -great plentie as larkes[7] in our countrey. In this countrey is little -wheat or barly, and therefore they eate ryce mylk and chese, & other -fruits. This Emperour Prester John weddeth commonly the daughter of -the greate Caane, and the great Caane his daughter. In the land of -Prester John is many divers things, and many precious stones so great -& so large that they make of them vessels, platters, and cuppes, and -many other things of which it were to long to tell, but somewhat of -his law and of his faith I shall tell you. - - - [Footnote 1: Other editions say Pentexoire.] - - [Footnote 2: Nyse in other copies.] - - [Footnote 3: Would not go that.] - - [Footnote 4: This must be a misprint, and the text must read - that travellers from Venice or Genoa to Cathay must make a - voyage lasting 11 or 12 months.] - - [Footnote 5: Ormuz.] - - [Footnote 6: Other editions say Colbache.] - - [Footnote 7: Others say _geese_.] - - - - -CAP. LXXXVII. - - _Of the faith and belyfe of Prester John, but he hath not all - the full beliefe as we haue._ - - -THIS Emperour prester John is christen & a great part of his lande -also, but they haue not all the articles of our fayth, but they beleve -well in the Father, the Sonne, & the Holy Ghost, & they are full -devout and true to one another, & they make no force of Catal,[1] and -he hath under him Lxxii provinces and countries, and in eche one is -a king, & those kings haue other kinges under them. And in this lande -are many marvailes, for in that lande is the gravely sea, that is of -sande and gravaile and no drop of water, and ebbeth and floweth with -righte great waves as another sea doth, and it is never standing -still, nor never in rest, and no man may passe that land beyond it. -And al if it so be that there bee no water in the sea, yet men may -finde therein right good fishe, and of other fashion & shape than is -in any other seas, and also they are of full good savour & swete, and -good to eat. And three jorneys from that sea are many greate hills, -through which runneth a great floud that cometh from Paradise, and it -is full of precious stones, and no drop of water, and it runneth with -great waves into the gravely sea. And this floud runneth three dayes -in the weke so fast, & stirreth great stones of the roches with him -that make muche noise, and as sone as they come into the gravely sea, -they are no more sene, and in those three dayes when it runneth thus, -no man dare come in it, but the other dayes men go therein where they -will. And also beyond that floud towards that wildernesse is a great -plaine all sandy and gravely among hills, & in that plain grow trees -that at the rising of the Son ech day begin to grow, and so grow they -to midday, and beare fruit, but no man dare eate of that fruite, for -it is a maner of yron,[2] and after myddaye it turneth againe to the -earth, so that when the Sonne goeth downe it is nothinge seene, and so -doeth it every day. And there is in y^t wildernesse many wild men with -horns on their heads righte hidious, and they speke not but rout[3] -as swine & in y^t countrey are many popiniayes, y^t they call in theyr -language (pistak) & they speke through their own kind as a part as a -man, & those that speake well haue long tonges and large & on every -fote five toes, but there are som that haue but three toes but those -speake nought and very ill. - - - [Footnote 1: They care not for property.] - - [Footnote 2: In other editions it is "for it is a thing of - Fayrye," or Magic.] - - [Footnote 3: Root like hogs.] - - - - -CAP. LXXXVIII. - - _Of an other ylande where also dwelleth good people therein, - and is called Sinople._ - - -THEN is there an other yland that is called Synople, wherein also are -good people and true, & full of good faith, & they are much lyke in -their living to y^e men before sayd, and they go all naked. Into that -Iland came King Alexander, & when he saw their good faith and trouth, -and theyr good belefe, he said that he wold do them no harme and bad -them aske of him riches and nought[1] else, and they shoulde haue it. -And they aunswered, that they had richesse ynough, when they had meat -& drinke to sustaine their bodies, & they sayde also that richesse -of this world is nought worth, but if it were so that he might -graunt them that they should never dye, that would they pray him. And -Alexander said that might he not do, for he was mortal and shold die -as they shold. Then sayd they, why art y^e so proude & woldest win all -the world, and haue it in thy subjection as it were a god & hast no -terme[2] of thy life, & thou will haue all riches of y^e world, -the which shall forsake thee or thou forsake it, & thou shalt beare -nothing with thee, but it shal dwel to other, but as thou were borne -naked, so shalt thou bee done in earth. And Alexander was greatly -astonied of this aunswere, & if it be so that they haue not the -articles of our faithe, neverthelesse I beleve that God loveth their -service to gree,[3] as he did of Job that was a Paynim, the which -he held for his true servant and many other. I beeleve well that God -loveth al those that love him and serve him mekely and truely, and -that despise the vaine glory of the world as these men doe, and as -Job did, and therefore saide our Lorde through the mouth of the holy -prophet Isay,[4] _Ponam eis multiplices Leges meas_, That is to say, -I will put my laws to them in many maners, & the gospell saith thus, -_Alias oves habeo, que non sunt ex hoc ovili_, That is to say I -haue other shepe that are not of this folde, and thereto accordeth the -vision that saint Peter saw at Jaffe how the aungell came from heaven, -& brought with him of all maner of beastes, as serpents and divers -foules, and said to sainct Peter, Take and eat. And sainct Peter -aunswered, I eat never of uncleane beste. And the aungell sayde to -him, _Non dicas inmunda, que Deus mundavit_. That is to saye, Call -thou not those things uncleane that God hath clened. This was done in -token that men sholde not haue many men in despite for their divers -lawes, for we wot never whom God loveth & whom God hateth. - - - [Footnote 1: Misprint for _aught_, anything.] - - [Footnote 2: End, termination.] - - [Footnote 3: Pleasure, "please Him."] - - [Footnote 4: Others say Hosea.] - - - - -CAP. LXXXIX. - - _Of two other iles, the one is called Pitan where in be little - men that eate no meat, and in that other ile are the men all - rough of fethers._ - - -THERE is another yle that men call Pitan, men of this lande till no -lande, for they eate nought and they are smal, but not so smal as -Pigmes. These men liue with smell of wild aples,[1] & when they go -far out of the countrey, they beare apples with them, for anon as they -lose that savour of apples they dye, they are not reasonable but -as wyld beastes. And there is another yle where the people are all -fethers,[2] but the face and the palmes of theyr handes, these men go -as well about the sea as on the lande, and they eate fleshe & fish -all raw, in this yle is a great river that is two mile brode & a halfe -that men call Renemar. - - - [Footnote 1: Pliny (book 7, cap. 2) says: "At the very - extremity of India, on the eastern side, near the source of - the River Ganges, there is the nation of the Astonei, a people - who have no mouths; their bodies are rough and hairy, and they - cover themselves with a down plucked from the leaves of trees - (_probably cotton_). These people subsist only by breathing - and by the odours which they inhale through the nostrils. They - support themselves upon neither meat nor drink: when they - go upon a long journey they only carry with them various - oderiferous roots & flowers, and wild apples, that they may - not be without something to smell at. But an odour which is a - little more powerful than usual easily destroys them."] - - [Footnote 2: Other editions read, _rough hair_.] - - - - -CAP. XC. - - _Of a rich man in Prester Johan's lande named Catolonapes and - of his gardeine._ - - -IN an yle of Prester Johans land y^t men call Miscorach, there was -a rich man y^t was called Catolonapes, he was ful rich & had a fair -castel on a hil & strong, & he made a wal all about ye hill right -strong & fayre, within he had a faire gardeine wherein were many -trees bearing all maner of fruits y^t he might find, & he had planted -therein al maner of herbes of good smel and that bare flowers, & ther -wer many faire wels, & by them was made many hals & chambers wel dight -with gold & asure, & he had made there dyverse stories of beastes -and birds y^t song & turned by engin and orbage[1] as they had been -quick,[2] & he had in his gardeine al thing that might be to man -solace & comfort, he had also in that gardeine maydens within y^e age -of xv yeare, y^e fairest y^t he myght find, & men children of the same -age, & they were clothed with clothes of gold, & he sayd that they -were aungels and he caused to be made certain hils,[3] & enclosed them -about with precious stones of Jaspy & christal & set in gold & pearls -and other maner of stones, and he had made a coundute[4] under y^e -earth, so that when he wold y^e walls[5] ran somtime with milke, -somtime with wine, somtime honey, & this place is called Paradise & -when any yong bacheler of y^e countrey, knight or sqyer, cometh to him -for solace and disport, he ledeth him into his paradise & sheweth them -these things, as the songs of birds & his damosels and wels, & he did -strike diverse Instruments of musyke, in a high tower that might -be sene, and sayde they were the aungels of God, & that place was -Paradise, that God hath graunted to those that beleved, when hee sayde -thus, _Dabo vobis terram fluentam lac & mel_. That is to say, I shall -giue you land flowing with mylk and hony. And then this rych man -dyd[6] these men drinke a maner of drinke, of which they were dronken, -& he said to them if they wold dye for his sake & when they were dead -they shold come to his paradise, and they should be of the age of -those maydens, and shold dwell alway with them, and he shold put them -in a fayrer paradise where they shold se god in his joy, and in his -majesty & then they graunted to do that he wold, and he bad them go -and sleay such a lord, or a man of the countrey that he was wroth -with, and that they should haue no dread of no man and if they were -slaine themselfe for his sake, he shold put them in his paradise when -they were dead. And so went those bachelers to sleay great lordes of -the countrey, & were slaine themselfe in hope to haue that Paradise, -and thus was he avenged of his enimies through his desert,[7] and when -rich men of the countrey perceived this cautell[8] and malice and the -will of this Catolonapes, they gathered them to gither & assayled the -castel & slew hym & destroyed all his goods and his faire places and -riches that were in his paradise, and the place of the wales[9] are -there yet, and it is not long ago since it was destroyed. - - - [Footnote 1: This word is very puzzling. It seems to me that - it probably means _wheel work_, from Lat. _orbis_, a circle; - but Rd. Braithwaite, in his _Arcadian Princesse_, says: - "In the lowest border of the garden, I might see a curious - _orbell_, all of touch, wherein the Syracusan tyrants were - no lesse artfully portrayed, than their severall cruelties to - life displayed."] - - [Footnote 2: As if they had been alive.] - - [Footnote 3: Misprint for Wells.] - - [Footnote 4: Conduit.] - - [Footnote 5: Wells.] - - [Footnote 6: Made.] - - [Footnote 7: Deceit.] - - [Footnote 8: Ill intent, evil mind.] - - [Footnote 9: Wells.] - - - - -CAP. XCI. - - _Of a marvelous vale that is beside the river of Physon._ - - -AND a lyttle from that place, on the left syde besyde the river of -Physon is a great marvaile. There is a vale betwene two hils, and that -is foure myle longe, and some men call it the valay enchaunted, some -y^e valey of Divels, some the valey perylous,[1] and in that valey are -many tempests & a great noyse very hydeous bothe day & night & sound -as it were a noise of Taburines[2] of nakers[3] & of trumpets as it -were a great feast. This valey is all full of devils, and hath ben -alway, and men say thereby y^t it is a enter[4] to hell. In this -valey is muche golde & silver, wherefore many Christen men & other go -thether for covetise of that golde and silver, but few of them come -out againe, for they are anon strangled with divels. And in the middes -of that vale on a roche is a visage, & the head of a fiend bodely, -right hideous and dreadfull to see, and there is nothing sene but the -head to y^e shoulders, but there is no christen men in y^e world nor -other so hardy but y^t he should be greatly afraide to beholde it, for -he beholdeth eche man so sharply & felly[5] & his eyes are so staring -& so sprinkling[6] as fyre & he chaungeth so often his countenaunce -that no man dare come nere for all the worlde, and out of his mouth & -his nose cometh great plenty of fyer of divers colours, & sometime -is the fyer so stynking, that no man may suffer it, but alway a good -christen man, and one that is stedfast in the fayth may go therein -without harme, if they shrive them well and blesse them with the token -of the crosse, then shall the divels haue no power over them. And ye -shall understande that when my felowes & I were in that valey, we had -full great dought[7] if we shold put our bodies in a venture to go -through it, & some of my felows agreed therto, & some wold not, and -there were in our company two friers minours of Lombardy & sayd if any -of us wold go in, they wold also, as they had sayd so, and upon -trust of them we sayd that we wold go, & we dyd sing a masse and were -shriven & houseled,[8] and we went in xiiii men & when we came out we -were but x[9] & we wist not whether our felowes were loste there, or -that they turned againe, but we saw no more of them, others of our -felowes that would not go in with us, went about another way for to -be before us, and so they were. And we went through the valey and saw -there many marvailous things, gold silver precious stones & jewels -great plenty, as we thought, whether it were so or no, I know not, for -divels are so subtill & false, that they make many times a thinge -to seme y^t is not, for to deceive men, and therefore I wold touch -nothing for dread of enimies that I saw there in many likenesses, and -of dead bodies that I saw lye in the valey, but I dare not saye that -they were all bodies, but they were bodies through making of divels. -And we were often cast down to the earth by winde, thunder & tempest, -but God helped alway, and so passed we through that valey without -peryl or harme thankes be to God. - - - [Footnote 1: Perilous.] - - [Footnote 2: Tambourines.] - - [Footnote 3: A kind of drum, probably a kettledrum.] - - [Footnote 4: Entrance.] - - [Footnote 5: Evilly.] - - [Footnote 6: Sparkling.] - - [Footnote 7: Doubt.] - - [Footnote 8: Received the Sacrament.] - - [Footnote 9: Others say 9.] - - - - -CAP. XCII. - - _Of an yland wherein dwell people as great as giants of xxviii - or xxx fote of length & other things._ - - -AND beyond that valey is a great yle, where people as great as giaunts -of xxviii fote long & they haue no clothinge but beasts skyns that -hang on them, & they eate no bread but flesh raw and they drink milke, -& they haue no houses, & they eat gladlyer fleshe of men, than other, -& men saye to us, that beyond that yle is a yle where are greater -giaunts as xlv or L fote long, & some sayd L cubits long, but I saw -not them, and among those giaunts are great shepe, as it were young -oxen, and they beare great wolle, these shepe haue I sene many times. -An other yle is there northward where are many evill and fell women -and they haue precious stones in their eies, & they haue suche -kinde y^t if they beholde any man with wrath, they sley them of the -beholding as the Basalysk doeth.[1] - - - [Footnote 1: Here a passage is omitted.] - - - - -CAP. XCIII. - - _Of women which make great sorow as theyr children are borne - & great joy when they are dead._ - - -AN other yle there is, where women make great sorow when theyr -children be borne & when they are dead they make great joy and caste -them in a great fier and burne them, and they that loue well theyr -husbands, when they are dead they cast them in a fyer to burn them, -for they say that fyer shall make them clean of all filth & vices & -they shall be cleane in another world, and the cause why they wepe -when their children are borne, and y^t they joye at their death, they -say a child when he is borne cometh into this world to haue travaile, -sorow & heavinesse, & when they are dead they go to Paradise where -rivers are of mylke and honey, & there is lyfe & joy and plenty of -goods without travaile or sorow. In thys yle they make their kings by -chosing, & they chose him not for his riches and noblenesse, but him -that is of good conditions and most righteous and trew that judgeth -euery man truely, little & much after their trespasse, and ye king may -judge no man to death without counsel of his barons, & that they all -assent. And if it so be y^t the king do a great trespasse, as sley a -man or such lyke, he shall dye also, but he shall not be slaine, but -they shall defend and forbid that no man be so hardy to beare him -company, nor to speake to him, ne giue him meat nor drinke and thus he -shall dye, for they spare no man y^t hath done a trespasse, for loue, -lordeship riches nor noblenes, but they do him right after y^t he hath -deserved. - - - - -CAP. XCIIII. - - _Of an yland where men wed theyr owne daughters & kinswomen._ - - -THERE is another yle where there is great plenty of people & they eate -neuer flesh of hares, nor of hens, nor geese, yet is there many of -them but they eate of all other beastes, and they drink mylk, in this -countrey they wed theyr owne daughters and other of theyr kyn as them -liketh, and if there be x or xii men in one house, eche one of theyr -wyves shal be comon to other, & at night shal one haue one of y^e -wives and another night another. And if she haue any chylde, she may -give it to whome she would so that no man knowe if it be his or not. -In this land & many other places of Inde, are many cocodrilles, that -is a maner of a long serpent, and on nights they dwell on water, and -on dayes they dwell on land and rocks, and they eat not in winter. -These serpents sley men and eate them weping,[1] and they haue no -tongue. In this countrey and many other, men caste sede of cotton, and -sow it eche yeare and it groweth as it were small trees, and they bere -cotton. In Araby is a kynde of beast that some men call Garsantes,[2] -that is a fayre beast, & he is hyer than a great courser or a stead[3] -but his neck is nere xx cubytes long, and his crop and his taile -lyke a hart and he may loke ouer a high house and there is many -Camilions,[4] that is a lytle beaste, & he eateth nor drinketh never, -and he chaungeth his colour often, for sometime he is of one colour & -sometime of another, and he may chaunge him into all colours that he -will, saue black and red. There are many wilde swine of many colours -and as great as Oxen, & they are spotted as it were smal fawnes, and -there are lions all white, and there be other beastes as great steedes -that men call Lauhorans,[5] and men call them Toutes, and their head -is blacke, and three long hornes in his fronte, as cutting as sharp -swords, and he chaseth and wil sley Olifants. And there is many other -maner of beastes, of whom it were to long to write all. - -[Illustration] - - - [Footnote 1: This curious belief gave rise to the term - "Crocodile's tears," _i.e._, hypocritical tears.] - - [Footnote 2: Giraffes.] - - [Footnote 3: A steed or horse.] - - [Footnote 4: Chameleon.] - - [Footnote 5: A rhinoceros is here evidently meant.] - - - - -CAP. XCV. - - _Of an ylande wherein dwell full good people and true._ - - -THERE is another yland good and great, and plentiouse, where are good -men and true and of godly lyfe after their faith, & all if they be not -christen neverthelesse of kinde they are full of good vertues and they -fly all vices, and all sinne and malice, for they are not envious, -proud, covetous, lecherous nor glotenus, and they do not unto -another man but that they wold he did to them, and they fulfill the x -commaundementes and they make no force of ryches nor of having, & they -Swere not, but they say ye and nay, for they say he that swereth will -deceive his neighbour, and some men call this yle the yle of Bragamen, -and some call it the land of faith, and through it runneth a great -river that men call Thebe, and generally al men in those iles, and -other iles thereby are truer and rightwiser than in other countreys. -In this ile are no theves, murderers nor beggers. And for as much as -they are so true and so good, there is no tempest nor thunder, warre, -hunger, nor tribulation, and thus it semeth well that God loveth them -wel, and he is well payed of theyr dedes, and they beleve in God y^t -made all thing & him they worship and they live so ordinately in meate -and drinke that they live right longe, and many of them dye without -sicknesse, that kinde[1] faileth them for age. - - - [Footnote 1: They only die of old age.] - - - - -CAP. XCVI. - - _How King Alexander sent his men thither for to winne that lande._ - - -AND King Alexander sometime sent his men to win that lande, and they -sent him letters that sayde thus, What behoveth a man to have all the -worlde, that is not content therewithal: thou shalt fynde nothing at -al in us, why that thou shouldest make warre upon us, for we haue no -ryches nor treasure, and all the cattell of our countrey are common, -our meates that we eate are our riches, and instede of gold and -silver, we make our treasure peace & concorde of love, and we have -nought but a cloth uppon our bodies, our wyves are not arrayed rychely -to pleasing, for we holde it a great foly for a man to tryme up his -body with costly aparel to make it seme fairer than God made it. We -haue ben evermore in peace til now y^t thou wilt disherite us. We haue -a king among us, not for nede of the law, nor to judge any man, for -there are no trespassours among us, but all onely to learne us to be -obedient to him & so maist you take from us but our good peace. And -when King Alexander saw this letter he thought he shold doe to much -harme if he troubled them, and sent to them that they should kepe well -theyr good maners, & haue no dread of him. - - - - -CAP. XCVII. - - _How the Emperour Prester John when he goeth to batayle, he - hath three crosses borne before him of fine gold._ - - -THIS Emperour Prester John, when he goeth to batayle, he hath no baner -borne before him, but he hath borne before him three crosses of fine -gold, & those are large & great, and well set with precious stones, -& for to kepe eche crosse, is ordeyned a thousand[1] men of armes, -in maner as men kepe a standerde in other countreys, and he hath men -without number when he goeth in any batayle against any other lord. -And when he hath no battayle but rydeth with privy company, then doth -he beare before him a crosse of tree[2] not painted, and without gold -or precious stones, and all playne in token that our lord Jesu Christ -suffered death on a cross of tree. And also he hath borne before him -a platter of gold ful of earth, in token y^t lordship and noblenesse -shal tourne to nought, & his flesh shall turne to earth. And also he -has borne before him another vessell full of Jewels, and golde and -precious stones, in token of his noblenes and of his might. - -[Footnote 1: Others say 10,000.] - -[Footnote 2: A wooden cross.] - - - - -CAP. XCVIII. - - _Of the moste[1] dwelling place of Prester John in a citie - called Suse._ - - -AND he dwelleth commonly at the citie of Suse, & there is his -principall palaice that is so riche that marvayle is to tell, & about -the principall toure of the palaice are two pomels[2] of gold all -round, and eche one of those hath two carbuncles great & large, -y^t shine ryght clere in the night, and y^e principal gates of this -palaice are of precious stones that men call Saraine[3] & the borders -of the barres are of Ivory, & windowes of the hall and chambers are -of Cristall, and tables that they eate of, some Emerandes, some are of -Mayk,[4] some of golde and precious stones, and the pillers that beare -the tables are of such stones also, and the greces on the which -y^e Emperour goeth to his sege where he sitteth at meat, one is of -Mastik,[5] another of Cristal, another of green Jasphy,[6] another of -Diasper,[7] another of Serdin,[8] another of Cornelin,[9] another of -Seuton, & that he setteth his fote upon, is of Crisolites, and all -these greces are bordered with fine gold, and well set with great -perles and other precious stones, and ye side of the sege are Emerauds -bordred with gold and with precious stones, the pillers in his chambre -are of fine gold with many Carbuncles and other such stones that giue -great light in the night, and all if the Carbuncles giue great light, -neuerthelesse there burneth xii[10] great vessels of Cristall full of -balme to giue good smell, and to drive away evill ayre. The fourme[11] -of his bedde is all of Saphire well bound with gold to make him slepe -well & for to destroy lechery, for he will not lye by his wives but -thrise[12] a yeare, after the seasons, and all onely for getting of -children. And he hath also a fayre palayce in the city of Nyse where -he dwelleth when he wil, but the aier there is not so well tempered as -it is in the citie of Suse. And he hath euery day in his courte more -than xxx thousand men, besides comers and goers, but xxx thousand -there or in the court of the great Caane spendeth not so much as xii -thousand in our countrey. He hath euermore vii kinges in his court to -serve him and eche one of them serveth a moneth, and with these kinges -serue alway Lxxii Dukes & CCC[13] erles, and euery day eat in his -court xii archbishops and xx byshops. The patryarke of saint Thomas is -as he were a pope and Archbishops and byshops & abbotes, all are kings -in that countrey, and some of the lordes is master of the hall, some -of the chambre, some steward, some marshal, and other officers, and -therefore he is ful rychley served. And his land lasteth in breadth -four moneths journey and it is of length without measure. - - - [Footnote 1: The greatest.] - - [Footnote 2: A ball or knot.] - - [Footnote 3: ? Sardonyx.] - - [Footnote 4: Another edition says Amethysts.] - - [Footnote 5: Another edition says Onyx.] - - [Footnote 6: Probably Jasper.] - - [Footnote 7: Another edition says Amethyst, but as the whole - is so apocryphal it does not much matter.] - - [Footnote 8: Sardine or Sardonyx.] - - [Footnote 9: Cornelian. What Seuton is I will not even venture - to guess at.] - - [Footnote 10: Another edition says, "a great vessel."] - - [Footnote 11: The framework.] - - [Footnote 12: Others say four times.] - - [Footnote 13: Elsewhere it is 360.] - - - - -CAP. XCIX. - - _Of the wildernesse wherein groweth the trees of the sonne - & the Moone._ - - -AND beyond that river is a great wildernesse as men that haue ben -there say. In this Wildernesse as men saye are the trees of the Sonne -and of the Mone that spake to Kyng Alexander and tolde him of his -death, and men saye that folke that kepe these trees & eate of the -fruits of them, they live foure or five hundred yeare through vertue -of the fruite, and we woulde gladly haue gone thyther, but I beleve -that an hundred thousand men of armes shold not passe that wildernesse -for great plenty of wilde beastes, as dragons and serpents that sley -men when they pass that way. In this lande are many Oliphantes -all white and blew without number, and unicornes & lyons of many -maners.[1] Many other yles are in the land of Prester John that were -to long to tell, and much ryches and nobly of precious stones in great -plenty. I beleve y^t we haue herd say why this Emperour is called -Prester John but for those that know it not I wil declare. There was -sometime an Emperour that was a noble prince, & doughty, & he had many -christen Knights with him and y^e Emperour thought hee woulde see the -service in Christen churches, and then was churches of christendome in -Turkey, Surry and Tartary, Hierusalem, Palistine, Araby and Alappy,[2] -and all the lordes[3] of Egypte. And thys Emperour came with a -Christen Knight into a church of Egipt and it was on a saterday after -Whit sonday when the byshop gaue orders, and he behelde the service -and he asked of the Knight what folke those should be that stode -before the Byshop, and the Knight sayd they should be prestes, & he -sayde he wold no more be called Kinge ne Emperour but preest, and he -would haue the name of him that came first out of the prestes and -he was called John, and so haue all the Emperors sythen[4] be called -Prester John. In this lande are many Christen men of good faith & -good lawe, and they haue prestes to sing masse, and they make the -sacrements as men of Grece do, but they say not but that y^e Apostles -said as saint Peter, and saint Thomas, and other apostles when they -song masse and said _Pater noster_, and the wordes with the which -Gods body is sacred; we haue many addicions of Popes that haue bene -ordeyned of which men in those countreys know not. - - - [Footnote 1: Kinds or sorts.] - - [Footnote 2: ? Aleppo.] - - [Footnote 3: Other editions read _land_.] - - [Footnote 4: Since then.] - - - - -CAP. C. - - _Of a great yland and kingedome called Taprobane._[1] - - -TOWARDE the East side of Prester John's lande is an yle that men call -Taprobane, & is right good and fructuous,[2] and there is a great Kyng -and a rych, and he is obedient unto Prester John & the King is alway -made by eleccion. In this yle is ii wynters and two somers, and they -shere[3] corne twise in the yere, all times in the yeare gardeins -florysheth. There dwelleth good people and reasonable and many -Christen men among them that are full rich, and the water betwene the -syde of Prester John and this yle is not full depe for men may see the -grounde in many places. - - - [Footnote 1: There seems a difference of opinion whether this - island is Ceylon or Sumatra.] - - [Footnote 2: Fruitful.] - - [Footnote 3: Reap.] - - - - -CAP. CI. - - _Of two other yles, one is called Orel, & the other Argete where - are many gold mines._ - - -THERE are more eastward two other yles--y^e one is called Orell and -the other Argete of whom all the land is mine of gold & silver. In -those yles many men se no sters[1] clere shining, but one starre y^t -is called Canapos[2] and there many men se not y^e Mone but in the -last quarter. In that yle is a great hyll of golde that pismyres[3] -kepe, & they do fine golde from the other that is not fine golde, and -the pismyres are as great as houndes, so that no man dare come there -for dread of pismyres that should assayle them so that men may not -worke in that gold nor get thereof but by subtiltie, and therefore -when it is righte hote the pismyres hide them in the earth from -undern[4] to none of the daye, and then men of the countrey take -Cameles and dormedaries and other beastes & go thither and charge them -with gold and go away fast or the pismyres come out of the earth. And -other times when it is not so hot y^t the pismyres hide them not, they -take mares that haue foles, and they lay upon these mares two long -vessels as it were two small barels and the mouth upwards and drive -them thether and holde theyr foles at home, and when the pismyres se -these vessels they spring therein, for they haue[5] of kinde to leue -no hole nor pyt open, and anone they fyl these vessels with golde, and -when men think that the vessels be full they take the foles and bring -them as nere as they dare, and then they whine, and the mares heare -them, and anone they come to theyr foles and so they take the gold, -for these pismyres will suffer beastes for to go among them, but no -men. - - - [Footnote 1: Stars.] - - [Footnote 2: Canopus, a star of the first magnitude, in the - rudder of the constellation _Argo_.] - - [Footnote 3: Ants.] - - [Footnote 4: See footnote, _ante_, p. 125.] - - [Footnote 5: For it is their habit.] - - - - -CAP. CII. - - _Of the darke countrey and hils and roches of stone nigh to - Paradise._ - - -BEYOND the yles of the lande of Prester John and his lordeship of -wildernesse to go right East, men shall not finde but hils, great -rocks and other myrke[1] lande, where no man may see a day or night as -men of the countrey say, and this wildernesse and myrke land lasteth -to Paradise terrestre, where Adam and Eve were sette, but they were -there but a lyttle while, and that is toward the East at the beginning -of the earth, but that is not our East that we call where the Son -ryseth in those countreys towarde Paradise, and then it is midnight in -our countrey for the roundnesse of the earth, for our Lorde made the -earth all rounde in the middest of y^e fyrmament. Of Paradise can I -not speake properly for I haue not bene there, but that I haue heard -I shall tell you. Men say that Paradise terrestre is the highest lande -in all the worlde, and it is so high that it toucheth nere to the -cyrcle of the Mone, for it is so high y^t Noes floude might not come -thereto which covered all the earth about. - - - [Footnote 1: Dark, murky.] - - - - -CAP. CIII. - - _A lyttle of Paradise terrestre._ - - -THIS Paradise terrestre is enclosed al about with a wall, and that -wall is all covered with mosse as it semeth, y^t men may see no stone -nor nothing else whereof it is, and in the highest place of Paradise -in the middest of it is a well that casteth out the foure flouds that -run through divers landes. The first floud is called Phison or Ganges, -and that runneth through Inde, in that river are many precious stones -and much _Lignum Aloes_ & gravel of golde. Another is called Nilus or -Gison, and y^t runneth through Ethiope & Egipt. The third is called -Tigre & that runneth through Assyry & Armony the great. And the fourth -is called Eufrates, y^t runneth through Armony and Percy & men say -that the sweete and fresh waters of y^e world take their springing of -them. The first river is called Phison, that is to say, gathering of -many rivers together & faling into one, and some call it Ganges, for a -King y^t was in Inde that men cal Gangeras, for it runneth through his -land & this river is in some places cleane, in some places troble,[1] -in some places hot, in some places cold. The second river is called -Nilus or Gison, for it is ever trouble, for Gison is to say troble. -The third river is called Tigris that is to say fast running, for it -runneth faster than any of the other, & so is a beast that men call -Tigris for he runneth fast. The fourth ryver is called Eufrates y^t -is to say well bearing, for there groweth many good things upon that -ryver. And ye shall understande that no man living may go unto y^t -Paradise, for by land he may not go for wylde beastes which are in the -wyldernesse, and for hylls and rocks where no man may passe. Nor by -those ryvers may no man passe, for they come with so great course and -so great waves that no ship may saile against them. Many great lordes -haue essayed many times to go by those rivers to Paradise, but they -might not spede in theyr way, for some dyed for werynesse of rowinge, -some waxt blynde and some defe for noise of the waters, so no man may -passe there but through speciall grace of God--for I can tell you no -more of that place. I shall tell you of that I haue seene. - - - [Footnote 1: Troubled or muddy.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP. CIIII. - - _How Prester Johns land lyeth foote against[1] foote to - Englande._ - - -THERE yles of the land of Prester John, they are under the earth to -us, & other yles are there whoso wold pursue them for to environ the -earth whoso had grace of God to hold the waye, he mighte come right -to the same countreys that he were come of and come from & so go about -the earth, and for that it asketh so long tyme, & also there are so -many perils to passe that fewe men assay to go so, and yet it might -be done, & therefore men come from these yles to other yles costing of -the lordship of Prester John, & men come in the coming to one yle y^t -men cal Cassoy, & that country is nere Lx journeys long & more than -L of bredth, that is the best land that is in those countreys saue -Cathay & if marchants came thither as commonly as they do to Cathay, -it would be better than Cathay, for it is so thick of cities & towns -y^t when a man goeth out of a citie he seeth another on eche side. -There is great plenty of spices and other goods. Ye king of this ile -is rich & mighty & he holdeth his land of y^e great Caan for y^t is -one of y^e xii princes[2] that the great Caan hath under him beside -his owne lande. - - - [Footnote 1: Antipodes.] - - [Footnote 2: Misprint for provinces.] - - - - -CAP. CV. - - _Of the Kingedome of Ryboth._ - - -FROM this yle men go another kyngdome that is called Riboth, and that -is also under y^e great Caan. This is a good countrey and plentious of -corne, wine & other things, men of this lande haue no houses but they -dwell in tentes made of tree. And the principall citie of the countrey -is all blacke made of black stones and white and all the streetes are -paved with such stones and in the citie is no man so hardy to spil -blood of man ne beast, for worship of a mawment[1] that is worshiped -there. In that citie dwelleth the Pope of their lawe, that they call -Lopasse, and he giveth all dignities & benefices that fall to y^e -mawmet. And men of religion and men that haue churches in that -countrey are obedient to him as men here to the pope. In this yle they -haue a custome through all the countrey that when a mans father is -dead they wil do him great worship, they send after all his friends, -religious priests and many other, and they beare the body to an hill -with great Joy and myrth, and whan it is there, the greatest prelate -smiteth of his head, & laieth it upon a great plate of gold, or -silver, and giveth it to his sonne and his son taketh it to his other -friends, singing and sayinge many orysons,[2] and then the prestes -and the religious men cut the flesh of[3] the body in peces and say -orysons, and the byrds of the countrey come thether, for they know -well the custome, and they flye about them as they were egles and -other birds that eate flesh, and the priestes cast the pieces unto -them, and they beare it away a little from thence and then they eate -it, and as priestes in our countrey sing for soules _subvenite sancti -dei_ and so forth, so those prestes ther syng with high voyce in their -language in this maner wyse. Se and beholde how good and gracious a -man this was, that ye aungels of God come for to fetch him & beare him -into Paradise. And then thinketh y^e son of the same man that he is -greatly worshipped when birds haue eaten his father, and where are -most plenty of byrds, there is most worship. And then cometh the sonne -home with all his friendes, and maketh them a great feast, the sonne -maketh cleane his fathers head and giveth them drynke thereof, & the -fleshe of the head he cutteth of, and giveth it to his moste -speciall fryends, some a lyttle, & some a lyttle, for deynty. And in -remembrance of this holy man that the birds haue eaten, the sonne doth -make a cuppe of the scalpe[4] & thereof drinketh he all his life, in -remembrance of his father. - - - [Footnote 1: A puppet or doll, or mammet--an idol--probably so - called as a contraction for Mahomet.] - - [Footnote 2: Prayers.] - - [Footnote 3: Off.] - - [Footnote 4: Skull.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP. CVI. - - _Of a rych man that is neyther king, prince, duke nor erle._ - - -AND from this men go ten journeys through the land of the great Caan, -which is a full good yle & a great kingdom & the king is ful mighty. -And in this yle is a rich man which is no king, prince, Duke nor Erle, -but he hath eche yere cccc[1] thousand horses charged[2] with ryce -and corne, and he hath a noble & a rich life after the maner of the -countrey, for he hath L damosels that serve him every day at his meate -& bed and do what he wil. And when he sytteth at the table they bring -him meat, & at eche time fiue meates togither, and they sing in the -bringing a song, and they cut his meate and put it in his mouth, and -he hath righte long nayles on his hands, that is a great nobility in -that countrey & therefore they let theyr nayles grow as long as they -may,[3] and some let them growe so long that they come about theyr -handes and y^t is a great nobility & gentry, and the gentry of a woman -is to haue small fete, and therefore anon as they are borne, they -binde their feete so straight that they cannot wax halfe as they -shoulde. And he hath a full faire palaice, & rich, wher he dwelleth, -of which the wall is two myle about, & there is many faire gardeins, -and all the pavement of the hal, & chambres, is of gold & silver, and -in the midst of one of these gardeins is a lyttle hyl, whereon is a -place made wyth toures and pynacles all of golde, and there he wyll -syt often to take the ayer and disport, for it is made for nothing -else. From this land men may go through y^e land of the great Caane. - - - [Footnote 1: Other editions say 300,000.] - - [Footnote 2: Loaded.] - - [Footnote 3: Similar to the Chinese custom of the upper - classes.] - - - - -CAP. CVII. - - _How all these landes yles and kingdomes, and the men therof - afore rehersed, haue some of the articles of our faith._ - - -AND ye shall understand that all these men & folke that haue reason -y^t I haue spoken of, haue some articles of our faith, all[1] if they -be of divers lawes and divers beleves, yet they haue some good poynts -of our fayth, & they beleve in God of kinde as theyr prophecie sayth, -_Et metuent eum omnes fines terræ_, That is to say, And all endes -of the earth shall dread him. And in another place, _Omnes gentes -servient ei_, That is to say, All folk shall serve him, but they -cannot speak parfitly but as theyr kyndly wit teacheth them, neither -of the Son nor of the Holy Ghost can they speake, but they can speake -well of the Byble, and specially of Genesis, and of the bokes of -Moyses. And they say that those creatures y^t they worship are no -gods, but they worship them for great vertue that is in them which may -not be without special grace of God, & of simulacre and ydoles, they -say that all men haue simulacres, and that, say they, for us christen -men haue ymages of our Lady & other, but they wot not that we worship -not the ymages of stone nor of wood, but the saynts of whome they -are made, for as the letter teacheth clarkes how they shal beleve, -so ymages and paynture teacheth lewde[2] men. They say also that the -aungell of God speaketh to them in their ydoles & do miracles, -they say soth,[3] but it is the evil aungell that doth myracles to -maintaine them in their ydolatrie. - - - [Footnote 1: Even.] - - [Footnote 2: Unlearned.] - - [Footnote 3: Truly.] - - - - -CAP. CVIII. - - _How John Maundevyl leveth many mervailes unwrytten & the - cause wherefore._ - - -THERE are many other countreys where I haue not yet ben nor sene & -therefore I can not speke properly of them. Also in countreys where I -haue bene are many marvailes that I speke not of, for it were to long -a tale and therefore hold you payd at this time y^t I haue sayd, for -I will say no more of mervailes that are there, so that other men that -go thither may fynde ynough for to say that I haue not tolde. - - -[Decoration] - - - - -CAP. CIX. - - _What time John Maundevil departed out of England._ - - -AND I John Maundevil that went out of my countrey and passed the sea, -the yeare of our lord MCCCXXII and I haue passed through many landes -and yles and countreys, and now am come to rest. I haue compyled this -boke and do wryte it the yeare of our Lord MCCCLXVI at XXXIV yeare -after my departing from my countrey, & for as much as many men beleve -not that they see with theyr eyen, or y^t they may conceive & know in -their mynde, therefore I made my way to Rome in my coming homewarde, -to shew my boke to the holy father the pope,[1] and tell him of the -mervayles y^t I had sene in diverse countreys; so that he with his -wise counsel wold examine it, with diverse folke y^t are at Rome, for -there dwell men of all nations of the world, and a lytle time after -when he & his counsel had examined it all through, he sayde to me -for a certayne that it was true for he sayd he had a boke of latin -contayning all that and much more, of y^e which _Mappa Mundi_ is made, -the which boke I saw, & therefore the pope hath ratyfied & confirmed -my boke in all poyntes. And I pray to all those that rede this boke, -that they will pray for me and I shall pray for them, & all those that -say for me our Lord's prayer & that God forgive me my sinnes, I make -them parteners & graunt them part of all my good pylgrimages and other -good dedes which I ever dyd or shall do to my lyves ende & I pray -to God of whome all grace cometh, that he will, all the readers and -hearers that are christen, fulfil with his grace, and saue them body -and soule & bring them to his Joy that euer shall last. He that is in -the Trinitie, the Father, the Sonne, and the Holy Ghost, that liveth & -raigneth God without ende - - Amen - - - [Footnote 1: Urban V.] - - -Imprinted at London in Breadstreat at the nether ende - by Thomas East. An 1568 - The 6 day of October - - -[Decoration] - - -[Decoration] - - - - - _Here beginneth the journall of Frier Odoricus, one of the - order of the Minorites, concerning strange things which hee - sawe among the Tartars of the East._ - - -ALBEIT many and sundry things are reported by divers authors -concerning the fashions and conditions of this world: notwithstanding -I frier Odoricus of Friuli, de portu Vahonis being desirous to travel -unto the foreign and remote nations of infidels, sawe and heard great -and miraculous things, which I am truly able to avouch. First of -al therefore sayling from Pera by Constantinople, I arrived at -Trapesunda.[1] This place is right commodiously situate, as being an -haven for the Persians and Medes, and other countries beyonde the -sea. In this lande I behelde with very great delight a very strange -spectacle, namely a certain man leading about with him more than foure -thousande partriges. The man himselfe walked upon the grounde, and -the partriges flew in the aire, which he ledde unto a certaine castle -called Zavena, being three days journey distant from Trapesunda. The -saide partriges were so tame, that when the man was desirous to lie -downe and rest, they would all come flocking about him like chickens. -And so hee led them unto Trapesunda, and unto the palace of the -Emperour, who tooke as many of them as he pleased, and the reste the -saide man carried unto the place from whence he came. In this citie -lyeth the body of Athanasius, upon the gate of the citie. And then -I passed on further unto Armenia major, to a citie called Azaron,[2] -which had been very rich in olde time, but nowe the Tartars haue -almost layde it waste. In the saide citie there was abundance of bread -and flesh, and of all other victuals except wine and fruits. This -citie also is very colde, and is reported to be higher situated, then -any other city in the world. It hath most holesome and sweete waters -about it: for the veines of the saide waters seeme to spring and flow -from the mighty river of Euphrates, which is but a dayes journey from -the saide city. Also, the saide citie stands directly in the way -to Tauris.[3] And I passed on unto a certaine mountaine called -Sobissacalo. In the foresaide countrey there is the very same -mountaine whereupon the Arke of Noah rested; unto the which I would -willingly haue ascended, if my company would haue stayed for me. -Howbeit the people of that countrey report, that no man could euer -ascend the saide mountaine, because (say they) it pleaseth not the -highest God. And I travailed on further unto Tauris that great -and royal city, which was in olde time called Susis. This city is -accompted for traffique of merchandize the chiefe citie of the world: -for there is no kinde of victuals, nor any thing else belonging unto -merchandize, which is not to be had there in great abundance. This -citie stands very commodiously: for unto it all the nations of the -whole worlde in a maner may resort for traffique. Concerning the saide -citie, the Christians in those parts are of opinion, that the Persian -Emperour receives more tribute out of it, then the King of France out -of all his dominions. _Neare unto the saide citie there is a salt-hill -yeelding salt unto the city: and of that salt ech man may take what -pleaseth him, not paying ought to any man therefor._ In this city many -Christians of all nations do inhabite, over whom the Saracens beare -rule in all things. Then I traveiled on further unto a city called -Soldania,[4] wherein the Persian Emperour lieth all Sommer time: but -in Winter hee takes his progresse unto another city standing upon the -sea called Baku.[5] Also the foresaide city is very great and colde -having good and holesome waters therein, unto the which also store of -marchandize is brought. Moreover I travelled with a certaine company -of Caravans toward upper India: and in the way, after many days -journey, I came unto the citie of the three wise men called Cassan,[6] -which is a noble and renowned city, saving that the Tartars haue -destroyed a great part thereof, and it aboundeth in bread, wine, and -many other commodities. From this citie unto Jerusalem (whither -the three foresaid wisemen were miraculously led) it is fifty days -journey. There be many wonders in this citie also, which for brevities -sake, I omit. From thence I departed unto a certain city called Geste, -_whence the sea of sand is distant one dayes journey, which is a most -wonderful and dangerous thing_. In this city there is abundance of all -kinds of victuals and especially of figs, raisins, and grapes: more -(as I suppose) then in any part of the whole world besides. This is -one of the three principall cities of all the Persian Empire. Of this -city the Saracens report, that no Christian can by any means live -therein above a yeere. Then passing many dayes journey on forward, I -came unto a certain city called Comum[7] which was a huge and mightie -citie in olde time, conteyning well nigh fiftie miles in circuite, and -hath done in times past great damage unto the Romanes. In it there are -stately palaces altogether destitute of inhabitants, notwithstanding -it aboundeth with great store of victuals. From hence travailing -through many countreys, at length I came unto the land of Job called -Hus, which is full of all kinde of victuals and very pleasantly -situated. Thereabouts are certaine mountaines having good pastures for -cattell upon them. Here also Manna is found in great aboundance. Four -partriges are here solde for lesse than a groat. In this countrey -there are most comely olde men. Here also the men spin and card, and -not the women. This land bordereth upon the North part of Chaldea. - - - [Footnote 1: Trebizonde.] - - [Footnote 2: Erzeroum.] - - [Footnote 3: Tauris, a city of Persia.] - - [Footnote 4: Or Sultania.] - - [Footnote 5: The Caspian Sea.] - - [Footnote 6: Or Cassibin.] - - [Footnote 7: Como.] - - - - - _Of the maners of the Chaldeans, and of India._ - -FROM thence I traveled into Chaldæa, which is a great kingdome and -I passed by the tower of Babel. This region hath a language peculiar -unto itselfe, and there are beautiful men and deformed women. _The men -of the same countrey used to haue their haire kempt, and trimmed like -unto our women: and they weare golden turbants upon their heads -richly set with pearle, and pretious stones. The women are clad in -a course smock onely reaching to their knees and having long sleeves -hanging downe to the ground._ And they goe barefooted, wearing -breeches which reach to the ground also. They weare no attire upon -their heads, but their haire hangs disheaveled about their eares: and -there be many other strange things also. From thence I came into the -lower India, which the Tartars overran & wasted. And in this countrey -the people eat dates for the most part, whereof 42 li are there sold -for lesse than a groat. I passed further also many dayes journey unto -the Ocean Sea & the first lande where I arrived, is called Ormes,[1] -being well fortified, and having great store of merchandize and -treasure therein. Here also they use a kinde of Bark or shippe called -Jase, being compact together onely with hempe. And I went on board -into one of them, wherein I could not finde any yron at all, and in -the space of 28 days I arrived at the city of Thana,[2] wherein foure -of our friers were martyred for the faith of Christ. This countrey is -well situate having abundance of bread and wine, and of other victuals -therein. This Kingdome in olde time was very large and under the -dominion of King Porus, who fought a great battell with Alexander the -great. The people of this countrey are idolaters worshipping fire, -serpents and trees. And ouer all this land the Saracens do beare rule, -who tooke it by maine force, and they themselues are in subjection -unto King Daldilus. There be divers kinds of beasts, as namely blacke -lyons in great abundance, and apes also, and monkeis, and battes as -bigge as our doves. And there are mise as bigge as our countrey dogs, -and therefore they are hunted with dogs, because cats are not able to -encounter them. Moreouer in the same countrey every man hath a bundle -of great boughs standing in a water-pot before his doore, which bundle -is as great as a pillar, and it will not wither, so long as water is -applied thereunto: with many other novelties and strange things, the -relation whereof would breed great delight. - - - [Footnote 1: Ormus.] - - [Footnote 2: Thana, whereof Frederick Cæsar maketh mention.] - - - - - _How peper is had: and where it groweth._ - -MOREOUER, that it may be manifest how peper is had, it is to be -understood that it groweth in a certaine kingdome whereat I myself -arrived, being called Minibar,[1] and it is not so plentifull in -any other part of the worlde as it is there. For the wood wherein it -growes conteineth in circuit 18 dayes journey. And in the said wood -or forrest there are two cities one called Flandrina,[2] and the other -Cyncilim. In Flandrina both Jewes & Christians doe inhabite, betweene -whom there is often contention and warre: howbeit the Christians -overcome the Jewes at all times. In the foresaid wood pepper is had -after this maner: first it groweth in leaves like unto pot-hearbes, -which they plant neere unto great trees as we do our vines, and they -bring forth pepper in clusters, as our vines doe yeeld grapes, but -being ripe, they are of a green colour, and are gathered as we gather -grapes, and then the graines are layd in the Sunne to be dried, and -being dried are put into earthen vessels: and thus is pepper made and -kept. Now, in the same wood there be many rivers, wherein are great -store of Crocodiles, and of other serpents, which the inhabitants of -that countrey do burne up with strawe and with other dry fewel, and so -they go to gather their pepper without danger. At the South End of -the said forrest stands the city of Polumbrum,[3] which aboundeth -with marchandize of all kinds. All the inhabitants of that countrey do -worship a living oxe, as their god, whom they put to labour for sixe -yeres, and in the seventh yere they cause him to rest from al his -worke, placing him in a solemne and publique place: and calling him an -holy beast. _Moreouer they use this foolish ceremonie: Every morning -they take two basons, either of silver or of gold, and with one they -receive the urine of the oxe, and with the other his dung. With the -urine they wash their face, their eyes, and all their fiue senses. Of -the dung they put into both their eyes, then they anoint the bals of -their cheeks therewith, and thirdly their breast: and then they say -that they are sanctified for all that day: And as the people doe, euen -so doe their king and Queene._ This people worshippeth also a dead -idole which from the navel upward, resembleth a man, and from the -navel downward an oxe. The very same Idol delivers oracles unto them, -and sometimes requireth the blood of fourtie virgins for his hire. -And therefore the men of that region do consecrate their daughters and -their sonnes unto their idols, euen as Christians do their children -unto some Religion or Saint in heaven. Likewise they sacrifice their -sonnes and their daughters, and so, much people is put to death before -the said Idol by reason of that accursed ceremony. Also, many other -hainous and abominable villainies doeth that brutish beastly people -commit: and I saw many more strange things among them which I meane -not here to insert. Another most vile custome the foresaide nation -doeth retaine: _for when any man dieth they burne his dead corpse to -ashes: and if his wife surviveth him, her they burne quicke, -because (say they) she shall accompany her husband in his tilthe and -husbandry, when he is come unto a new worlde. Howbeit the said wife -having children by her husband, may if she will, remaine still alive -with them, without shame or reproche: notwithstanding, for the most -part, they all of them make choice to be burnt with their husbands._ -Now, albeit the wife dieth before her husband, that law bindeth not -the husband to any such inconvenience but he may marry another wife -also. _Likewise, ye said nation hath another strange custome, in that -their women drink wine, but their men do not. Also the women haue the -lids & brows of their eyes & beards shaven, but the men haue not_: -with many other base and filthie fashions which the said women do use -contrary to the nature of their sexe. From that kingdome I traveiled -10 daies journey unto another kingdome called Mobar,[4] which -containeth many cities. Within a certaine church of the same countrey, -the body of S. Thomas the Apostle is interred, the very same church -being full of idols: and in 15 houses round about the said Church -there dwell certaine priests who are Nestorians, that is to say, -false, and bad Christians and schismatiques. - - - [Footnote 1: Malabar.] - - [Footnote 2: Or Alandrina.] - - [Footnote 3: _Query_, whether this is not _Kaulam_ or - _Ballád-ul-Falfal_, the Pepper Country, or Malabar, latinized - into Columbum or Columbus.] - - [Footnote 4: Malabar.] - - - - - _Of a strange and uncouth idole: & of certaine customes - and ceremonies._ - -IN the kingdome of Mobar there is a wonderfull strange idole, being -made after the shape and resemblance of a man, as big as the image of -our Christopher, & consisting all of most pure and glittering gold. -And about the necke thereof hangeth a silke riband, ful of most rich -& precious stones, some one of which is of more value than a whole -kingdome. The house of this idol is all of beaten gold, namely the -roofe, the pavement, and the sieling of the wall within and without. -Unto this idol the Indians go on pilgrimage, as we do unto St. Peter. -Some go with halters about their necks, some with their hands bound -behind them, some with knives sticking on their armes or legs: and if -after their peregrination, the flesh of their wounded arme festereth -or corrupteth, they esteeme that limme to be holy, & thinke that their -God is wel pleased with them. _Neare unto the temple of that idol is a -lake made by men in an open and common place, whereinto the pilgrimes -cast gold, silver and precious stones, for the honour of the idol -and the repairing of his temple. And therefore when anything is to be -adorned or mended, they go unto this lake taking up the treasure which -was cast in. Moreouer at euery yerely feast of the making or repairing -of the said idol, the king and queene, with the whole multitude of the -people, & all the pilgrimes assemble themselues, & placing the said -idol in a most stately & rich chariot, they cary him out of their -temple with songs, & with all kinds of musical harmonie, and a great -companie of virgins go procession-wise two and two in a rank singing -before him. Many pilgrims also put themselves under the chariot -wheeles, to the end that their false god may go ouer them, and al -they ouer whom the chariot runneth, are crushed in pieces, & divided -asunder in the midst, and slaine right out. Yea, & in doing this, -they think themselves to die most holily & securely, in the service -of their god._ And by this meanes every yere, there die under the said -filthy idol, mo then 500 persons, whose carcases are burned, and their -ashes are kept for reliques, because they died in that sort for their -god. Moreover they haue another detestable ceremony. For when any man -offers to die in the service of his false god, his parents & all his -friends assemble themselues together with a consort of musicians, -making him a great & solemne feast: which feast being ended, they hang -5 sharpe knifes about his neck carrying him before the idol & so soone -as he is come thither, he taketh one of his knives crying with a loud -voice, For the worship of my god do I cut this my flesh, and then he -casteth the morsel which is cut, at y^e face of his idol: but at the -very last wound wherewith he murthereth himselfe, he uttereth these -words: "Now do I yeeld myself to death in the behalfe of my god" and -being dead his body is burned, & is esteemed by al men to be holy. -The king of the said region is most rich in silver, gold, and precious -stones, & there be the fairest unions in al the world. - -Traveling from thence by the Ocean sea 50 daies journey southward, -I came unto a certaine land named Lammori,[1] where, _in regard of -extreeme heat, the people both men and women go stark-naked from top -to toe: who seeing me apparelled, scoffed at me, saying that God made -Adam and Eve naked. In this countrey al women are common, so that no -man can say, this is my wife. Also when any of the said women beareth -a son or a daughter, she bestowes it upon anyone that hath lien -with her, whom she pleaseth. Likewise al the land of that region -is possessed in common, so that there is not mine & thine, or any -propriety of possession in the division of lands: howbeit euery man -hath his owne house peculiar unto himselfe._ Mans flesh, if it be fat, -is eaten as ordinarily there as beefe in our countrey. And albeit the -people are most lewd, yet the countrey is exceeding good, abounding -with al commodities, as fleshe, corne, rise, silver, gold, wood of -aloes, Camphir, and many other things. Marchants coming unto this -region for traffique do usually bring with them fat men, selling them -unto the inhabitants as we sel hogs, who immediately kil and eat them. -In this island towards the south, there is another kingdome called -Simoltra,[2] where both men and women marke themselves with red-hot -yron in 12 sundry spots of their faces: and this nation is at -continual warre with certaine naked people in another region. Then I -traveled further unto another island called Java, the compasse whereof -by sea is 3000 miles. The king of this Iland hath 7 other crowned -kings under his jurisdiction. The said Island is throughly inhabited -& is thought to be one of the principall Ilands of y^e whole world. -In the same Iland there groweth great plenty of cloves, cubibez, and -nutmegs, and in a word all kinds of spices are there to be had, and -great aboundance of all victuals except wine. The king of the said -Iland of Java hath a brave and sumptuous pallace, the most loftily -built, that euer I saw any, & it hath most high greeses[3] and stayers -to ascend up into the roomes therein contained, one stayre being of -silver, & another of gold, throughout the whole building. Also the -lower roomes were paved all ouer with one square plate of silver, & -another of gold. All the walls upon the inner side were seeled ouer -with plates of gold, wherupon were ingraven y^e pictures of knights, -having about their temples, ech of them a wreath of golde, adorned -with precious stones. The roofe of the palace was of pure gold. With -this King of Java the great Can of Catay hath had many conflicts -in war; whom notwithstanding the said king hath always overcome and -vanquished. - - - [Footnote 1: Perhaps he meaneth Cammori.] - - [Footnote 2: Sumatra.] - - [Footnote 3: Steps.] - - - - - _Of certaine trees yeelding meale, honey, and poyson._ - -NEERE unto the said Iland is another countrey called Panten, or -Tathalamasin.[1] And the king of the same countrey hath many Ilands -under his dominion. In this land there are trees yeelding meale, hony, -& wine & the most deadly poison in all y^e whole world: for against it -there is but one only remedy: & that is this: if any man hath taken -of y^e poyson, & would be delivered from the danger thereof, let -him temper the dung of a man in water, & so drinke a good quantitie -thereof, & it expels the poyson immediatly, making it to avoid at the -fundament. Meale is produced out of the said trees after this maner. -They be mighty huge trees and when they are cut with an axe by the -ground, there issueth out of the stock a certain licour like unto -gumme, which they take and put into bags made of leaues, laying them -for 15 days together abroad in the sunne, & at the end of those 15 -dayes, when the said licour is throughly parched, it becometh meale. -Then they steepe it first in sea water, washing it afterward with -fresh water, and so it is made very good & savorie paste, whereof they -make either meat or bread, as they thinke good. Of which bread I my -selfe did eate, & it is fayrer without & somewhat browne within. -By this countrey is the sea called Mare mortuum, which runneth -continually Southward, into y^e which whosoever falleth in (_is_) -never seene after. In this countrey also are found canes of an -incredible length, namely of 60 paces high or more, & they are as -bigge as trees. Other canes there be also called Cassan,[2] which -overspread the earth like grasse, & out of euery knot of them spring -foorth certaine branches, which are continued upon the ground almost -for the space of a mile. In the said canes there are found certaine -stones, one of which stones, whosoever carryeth about with him, cannot -be wounded with any yron: & therefore the men of that countrey for the -most part, carry such stones with them, whithersoever they goe. Many -also cause one of the armes of their children, while they are yong, -to be launced, putting one of the said stones into the wound, healing -also, and closing up the said wound with the powder of a certaine -fish (the name whereof I do not know) which powder doth immediatly -consolidate and cure the said wounde. And by the virtue of these -stones the people aforesaid doe for the most part triumph both on sea -and land. Howbeit there is one kinde of stratageme, which the enemies -of this nation, knowing the vertue of the sayd stones, doe practise -against them: namely, they provide themselues armour of yron or steele -against their arrowes, & weapons also poisoned with the poyson of -trees & they carry in their hands wooden stakes most sharpe and hard -pointed, as if they were yron: likewise they shoot arrowes without -yron heads, & so they confound and slay some of their unarmed foes -trusting too securely unto the vertue of their stones. Also of the -foresayd canes called Cassan they make sayles for their ships, and -litel houses, and many other necessaries. From thence after many dayes -travell, I arrived at another kingdome called Campa, a most beautiful -and rich countrey, & abounding with all kind of victuals: the king -whereof, at my being there, had so many wives & concubines, that -he had 300 sonnes & daughters by them. This king hath 10004 tame -Elephants, which are kept even as we keepe droves of oxen or flocks of -sheepe in pasture. - - - [Footnote 1: _Query_, The Tathsiaulu of Marco Polo, or - Thibet.] - - [Footnote 2: An exaggeration for bamboos.] - - - - - _Of the abundance of fishes, which cast themselues upon - the shore._ - -IN this countrey there is one strange thing to be observed, y^t euery -several kind of fishes in those seas come swimming towards the said -countrey in such abundance, that, for a great distance into the -sea, nothing can be seene but the backes of fishes: _which casting -themselues upon the shore when they come neere unto it, do suffer -men, for the space of 3 daies to come & take as many of them as they -please, & then they return again to the sea. After that kind of fishes -comes another kind, offering itselfe after the same maner, & so in -like sort all other kinds whatsoever: notwithstanding they do this but -once in a year. And I demaunded of the inhabitants there how, or by -what meanes this strange accident could come to passe: They answered, -that fishes were taught, even by nature to come and do homage unto -their Emperour._ There be Tortoises also as bigge as an oven. Many -other things I saw which are incredible, unlesse a man should see them -with his own eies. In this countrey also dead men are burned, & their -wives are burned aliue with them, as in the city of Polumbrum -aboue mentioned: for the men of that countrey say that she goeth to -accompany him in another world, that he should take none other wife in -mariage. Moreouer I traveled on further by the ocean-sea towards the -South, & passed through many countries and islands, whereof one is -called Moumoran, & it containeth in compasse ii. M miles, wherein -men & women haue dogs faces, and worship an oxe for their god: and -therefore euery one of them cary the image of an oxe of gold or silver -upon their foreheads. The men & women of this country go all naked, -saving that they hang a linen cloth round their loins. The men of the -said country are very tall and mighty, and by reason that they goe -naked, when they are to make battell, they cary yron or steele-targets -before them, which do cover and defend their bodies from top to toe: -and whomsoever of their foes they take in battel not being able to -ransome himselfe for money, they presently devoure him: but if he be -able to redeeme himselfe for money, they let him go free. Their king -weareth about his necke 300 great & most beautiful unions,[1] and -saith euery day 300 prayers unto his god. He weareth upon his finger -also a stone of a span long, which seemeth to be a flame of fire, and -therefore when he weareth it, no man dare approach unto him: and they -say that there is not any stone in the whole world of more value than -it. Neither could at any time the great Tartarian Emperour of -Katay either by force, money, or policie obtain it at his hands, -notwithstanding that he hath done the utmost of his indeavour for this -purpose. - - - [Footnote 1: Large and fine pearls.] - - - - - _Of the Island of Sylan: and of the mountaine where Adam - mourned for his sonne Abel._ - -I PASSED by also another island called Sylan,[1] which conteineth in -compasse aboue ii M miles, wherin are an infinit number of serpents, -& great store of lions, beares, & al kinds of ravening & wild beasts, -and especially of elephants. In the said countrey there is an huge -mountaine, whereupon the inhabitants of that region do report that -Adam mourned for his son Abel y^e space of 500 yeres. In the midst of -this mountaine there is a most beautiful plain, wherin is a litle lake -conteining great plenty of water, which water y^e inhabitants report -to haue proceeded from the teares of Adam & Eve: howbeit I proved that -to be false, because I saw the water flow in the lake. This water is -ful of hors-leeches, & blood suckers, & of precious stones also, which -precious stones the king taketh not unto his owne use, but once or -twise euery yere he permitteth certaine poore people to diue under -water for ye said stones & al that they may get he bestoweth upon -them, to the end that they may pray for his soule. But y^t they may -with less danger dive under water, they take limons[2] which they -pil,[3] anointing themselves with the juice thereof, & so they may -diue naked under y^e water, the hors-leeches not being able to hurt -them. From this lake the water runneth even unto the sea, and at a low -ebbe the inhabitants dig rubies, diamonds & perles, and other precious -stones out of the shore: wherupon it is thought, that ye king of -this island hath greater abundance of pretious stones, then any other -monarch in the whole earth besides. In the said countrey there be all -kinds of beastes and foules: & the people told me, that those -beasts would not invade nor hurt any stranger but only the natural -inhabitants. - -_I saw in this island fouls as big as our countrey geese, having two -heads, and other miraculous things, which I will not here write off. -Traveling on further South, I arrived at a certaine island called -Bodin,[4] which signifieth in our language unclean. In this island -there do inhabit most wicked persons, who devour & eate rawe flesh, -committing all kinds of uncleannes & abominations in such sort, as it -is incredible. For the father eateth his son, & the son his father, -the husband his owne wife & the wife her husband: & that after this -maner. If any mans father be sick, the son straight goes unto the -sooth-saying or prognosticating priest, requesting him to demand of -his god, whether his father shall recover from his infirmity or no; -Then both of them go unto an idol of gold or silver, making their -prayers unto it in maner folowing: Lord, thou art our god, & thee we -do adore, beseeching thee to resolve us, whether such a man must die, -or recover of such an infirmity or no: Then the divel answereth out -of y^e aforesaide idol: if he saieth (he shal liue) then returneth his -son and ministreth things necessary unto him til he hath attained unto -his former health: but if he saith (he shall die) then goes y^e -priest unto him, & putting a cloth into his mouth doth strangle him -therewith: which being done, he cuts his dead body into morsels, & -al his friends and kinsfolk are invited unto the eating thereof, with -musique & all kinde of mirth: howbeit his bones are solemnely buried._ -And when I found fault with that custome demanding a reason thereof, -one of them gaue me this answere; this we doe lest the wormes should -eat his flesh, for then his soule should suffer great torments, -neither could I by any meanes remoove them from that errour. Many -other novelties and strange things there bee in this countrey, which -no man would credite, unles he saw them with his owne eyes. Howbeit, -I (before almighty God) do here make relation of nothing but of that -onely, whereof I am as sure, as a man may be sure. Concerning the -foresaid islands, I enquired of divers wel-experienced persons, who -al of them, as it were with one consent, answered me saying, that this -India contained 4400 islands under it, or within it, in which islands -there are sixty and foure crowned kings: and they say moreouer, -that the greater part of those islands are wel inhabited. And here I -conclude concerning that part of India. - - - [Footnote 1: Ceylon.] - - [Footnote 2: Lemons.] - - [Footnote 3: Peel.] - - [Footnote 4: Or Dadin.] - - - - - _Of the upper India: and of the province of Mancy._[1] - -FIRST of al therefore, having traveled many dayes journey upon the -Ocean-sea towards the East, at length I arrived at a certaine great -province called Mancy, being in Latine named India. Concerning this -India I inquired of Christians, of Saracens, & of Idolaters, and of al -such as bare an office under the great Can; who all of them with one -consent answered, that this province of Mancy hath mo then 2000 great -cities within the precincts thereof & that it aboundeth with all -plenty of victuals, as namely with bread, wine, rise, flesh, and fish. -All the men of this province be artificers & marchants, who, though -they be in never so extreme penurie, so long as they can help -themselues by the labor of their handes, will neuer beg almes of any -man. The men of this province are of a faire and comely personage, but -somewhat pale, having their heads shaven but a little, but the women -are the most beautiful under the sunne. The first city of the said -India which I came unto, is called Ceuskalon, which being a daies -journey distant from the sea, stands upon a river, the water whereof, -nere unto the mouth, where it exonerateth it selfe into the sea, -doth overflow the land for the space of 12 daies journey. All the -inhabitants of this India are worshippers of idols. The foresaid city -of Ceuskalon hath such an huge navy belonging thereunto, that no man -would beleeve it unlesse he should see it. In this city I saw 300 -li of good and new ginger sold for lesse than a groat. There are the -greatest, and the fairest geese, & most plenty of them to be sold in -al the world, as I suppose: they are as white as milke, & haue a bone -upon the crowne of their heads, as bigge as an egge, being of the -colour of blood: under the throat they haue a skin or bag hanging -down halfe a foot. They are exceeding fat and wel sold. Also they haue -ducks and hens in that countrey, one as big as two of ours. There be -monstrous great serpents likewise, which are taken by the inhabitants -& eaten; whereupon a solemne feast among them without serpents is not -set by. - -And to be briefe, in this city there are al kinds of victuals in great -abundance. From thence I passed by many cities & at length I came unto -a citie named Caitan,[2] wherein ye friers Minorites haue two places -of abode, unto which I transported the bones of the dead friers, which -suffered martyrdom for the faith of Christ, as it is aboue mentioned. -In this citie there is abundance of al kind of victuals very cheap. -The said city is as big as two of Bononia,[3] & in it are many -monasteries of religious persons, al which do worship idols. - -I myselfe was in one of those monasteries, & it was told me, that -there were in it III M religious men, having XI M idols; and one of -y^e said idols which seemed unto me but litle in regard of the rest, -was as big as our Christopher. These religious men euery day do feed -their idol-gods: wherupon at a certaine time I went to behold the -banquet: and indeed those things which they brought unto them were -good to eate, & fuming hote insomuch that the steam of the smoke -thereof ascended up unto their idols, and they said that their gods -were refreshed with the smoke: howbeit all the meat they conveyed -away, eating it up their owne selves, and so they fed their dumb gods -with the smoke only. - - - [Footnote 1: Or China.] - - [Footnote 2: Thsiuanchau or Chiuchau, the great mediæval port - of China.] - - [Footnote 3: Bologna.] - - - - - _Of the citie of Fuco._ - -TRAVELING more eastward, I came unto a city named Fuco,[1] which -containeth 30 miles in circuit, wherein be exceeding great & faire -cocks, _and al their hens are as white as the very snow, having -wool in stead of feathers, like unto sheep_. It is a most stately & -beautiful city & standeth up the sea. Then I went 18 daies journey on -further, & passed by many provinces & cities, and in the way I went -over a certain great mountaine, upon ye one side whereof I beheld al -living creatures to be as black as a cole, & the men and women on that -side differed somewhat in maner of living from others; howbeit, on -the other side of the said hil every living thing was snow-white & -the inhabitants in their maner of living, were altogether unlike unto -others. There, al maried women cary in token that they haue husbands, -a great trunk of horne upon their heads. From thence I traveled -18 dayes journey further and came unto a certaine great river, and -entered also into a city, whereunto belongeth a mighty bridge to passe -the said river. And mine hoste with whom I sojourned, being desirous -to show me some sport, said unto me, Sir, if you will see any fish -taken, goe with me. Then hee led me unto the foresaid bridge, carrying -in his armes certain dive-doppers[2] or water-foules, bound unto a -company of poles, and about every one of their necks he tied a thread, -lest they should eat the fish as fast as they took them: and he -carried three great baskets with him also; then loosed he the -dive-doppers from the poles, which presently went into the water, & -within lesse then the space of one houre, caught as many fishes as -filled the 3 baskets: which being full, mine hoste untied the threeds -from about their neckes, and entering a second time into the river -they fed themselves with fish, and being satisfied they returned -and suffered themselves to be bound unto the said poles as they were -before. And when I did eate of those fishes, we thought they were -exceeding good. Travailing thence many dayes journeys, at length I -arrived at another city called Canasia,[3] which signifieth in our -language, the city of heaven. Never in all my life did I see so great -a city: for it containeth in circuit an hundreth miles; neither sawe I -any plot thereof, which was not throughly inhabited: yea, I sawe many -houses of tenne or twelve stories high, one aboue the other. It hath -mightie large suburbs containing more people then the citie it selfe. -Also it hath twelue principall gates: and about the distance of 8 -miles, in the high way unto euery one of the saide gates standeth a -city as big by estimation as Venice, and Padua. The aforesaide city -of Canasia is situated in waters or marshes, which always stand still, -neither ebbing nor flowing: howbeit it hath a defence for the winde -like unto Venice. In this citie there are mo than 10002 bridges, -many whereof I numbered and passed over them: and upon every of those -bridges stand certaine watchmen of the citie, keeping continuall ward -and watch about the saide citie, the great Can the Emperour of Catay. -The people of this countrey say, that they haue one duetie injoyned -unto them by their lord: for euery fire payeth one Balis in regard of -tribute: and a Balis is five papers or pieces of silk, which are worth -one floren and an halfe of our coine. Tenne or twelue housholds are -accompted for one fire, and so pay tribute but for one fire only. Al -those tributary fires amount unto the number of 85 Thuman, with other -foure Thuman of the Saracens, which make 89 in al: And one Thuman -consisteth of 10000 fires. The residue of the people of the city are -some of them Christians, some marchants, and some traveilers through -the countrey. Whereupon I marveiled much how such an infinite number -of persons could inhabite and liue together. There is great aboundance -of victuals in this city, as namely of bread and wine, and especially -of hogs-flesh with other necessaries. - - - [Footnote 1: Probably Fuchau in Fokieu.] - - [Footnote 2: Cormorants.] - - [Footnote 3: Now Hangchau.] - - - - - _Of a Monastery where many strange beastes of divers kindes - doe live upon an hill._ - -IN the foresaide citie foure of our friers had converted a mighty and -rich man unto the faith of Christ, at whose house I continually abode, -for so long time as I remained in the citie, Who upon a certain time -said unto me: Ara, that is to say, Father, will you go and behoulde -the citie? And I said, yea. Then embarked we ourselves, and directed -our course unto a certaine great Monastery: where being arrived, he -called a religious person with whom he was acquainted, saying unto -him concerning me: this Raban Francus, that is to say, this religious -Frenchman commeth from the Westerne parts of the world and therefore -you must show him some rare things, that when he returnes into his -owne countrey, he may say, this strange sight or novelty haue I seene -in the citie of Canasia. Then the said religious man tooke two greate -baskets full of broken reliques which remained of the table, & led -me unto a little walled parke, the doore whereof he unlocked with his -key, and there appeared unto us a pleasant faire green plot, into the -which we entred. In the said greene stands a litle mount in forme of -a steeple, replenished with fragrant herbes, and fine shady trees. And -while we stood there, he tooke a cymbal or bell, and rang therewith, -as they used to ring to dinner or bevoir in cloisters, at the sound -whereof many creatures of divers kindes came downe from the mount, -some like apes, some like cats, some like monkeys, and some having -faces like men. And while I stood beholding of them, they gathered -themselves together about him, to the number of 4200 of those -creatures, putting themselues in good order, before whom he set a -platter, and gaue them the saide fragments to eate. And when they had -eaten he rang upon his cymbal the second time, and they all returned -unto their former places. Then, wondring greatly at the matter, I -demanded what kind of creatures those might be? They are (quoth he) -the Soules of noble men which we do here feed, for the love of God who -governeth the world: and as a man was honorable or noble in this life, -so his soule after death, entreth into the body of some excellent -beast or other, but the soules of simple and rusticall people do -possesse the bodies of more vile and brutish creatures. Then I began -to refute that foule error: howbeit my speech did nothing at all to -prevaile with him, for hee could not be perswaded that any soule might -remaine without a body. From thence I departed unto a certaine citie -named Chilenso, the walls whereof contained 40 miles in circuit. In -this citie there are 360 bridges of stone, the fairest that euer -I saw, and it is wel inhabited, having a great navie belonging -thereunto, & abounding with all kinds of victuals and other -commodities. And thence I went unto a certaine river called Thalay -which where it is most narrow, is 7 miles broad: and it runneth -through the midst of the land of the Pygm[oe]i whose chiefe city is -called Cakam, and is one of the goodliest cities in the world. These -Pygm[oe]ans are three of my spans high, and they make larger and -better cloth of cotton and silke, then any other nation under the -sunne. And coasting along by the said river, I came unto a certaine -city named Janzu, in which citie there is one receptacle for -the Friers of our order, and there be also three Churches of the -Nestorians. This Janzu is a noble and great citie, containing 48 -Thumans of tributarie fires, and in it are all kindes of victuals, and -great plenty of such beastes, foules, and fishes, as Christians doe -usually liue upon. The lord of the same citie hath in yeerely revenues -for salt onely, fiftie Thuman of Balis, & one balis is worth a floren -and a halfe of our coyne: insomuch that one Thuman of balis amounteth -unto the value of 15000 florens. Howbeit the sayd lord, favoureth -his people in one respect, for sometimes he forgiveth them frely 200 -Thuman, lest there should be any scarcity or dearth among them. There -is a custome in this citie, that when any man is determined to banquet -his friends, going about unto certaine tavernes or cookes houses -appointed for the same purpose, he sayth unto euery particular hoste, -you shall haue such and such of my friends, whom you must entertain -in my name, and so much I will bestowe upon the banquet. And by that -means his friendes are better feasted at diverse places, then they -should haue beene at one. Tenne miles from the sayde citie, about the -head of the foresayd river of Thalay, there is a certaine other citie -called Montu, which hath the greatest navy that I saw in the whole -world. All their ships are as white as snow, & they haue banquetting -houses in them, and many other rare things also, which no man would -beleeve unlesse he had seene them with his owne eyes. - - - - - _Of the citie of Cambaleth._ - -TRAVELING eight dayes journey further by divers territories and -cities, at length I came by fresh water unto a certaine citie named -Leucyn, standing upon a river of Karavoran[1] which runneth through -the midst of Cataie, and doeth great harme in the countrey when it -overfloweth the bankes, or breaketh foorth of the chanell. From thence -passing along the river Eastward, after many dayes travell, and the -sight of divers cities, I arrived at a citie called Sumakoto,[2] which -aboundeth more with silke then any other citie in the worlde: for when -there is a great scarcity of silke, fortie pound is solde for -lesse then eight groates. In this citie there is abundance of all -merchandize, and all kinds of victuals also, as of bread, wine, flesh, -fish, with all choise and delicate spices. Then travelling on still -towards the East by many cities, I came unto the noble and renowned -citie of Cambaleth, which is of great antiquitie, being situate in -the province of Cataie. This citie the Tartars tooke, & neere unto -it within the space of halfe a mile, they built another citie called -Caido. The citie of Caido hath twelve gates, being each of them two -miles distant from another. Also the space lying in the midst betweene -the two foresayde cities is very well and thoroughly inhabited, so -that they make as it were but one citie betweene them both. The whole -compasse or circuit of both cities together is 40 miles. In this citie -the great emperour Can hath his principall seat, and his Imperiall -palace, the wals of which palace containe foure miles in circuit: and -neere unto this his palace are many other palaces and houses of his -nobility which belong unto his court. Within the precincts of the -said palace Imperiall, there is a most beautifull mount, set and -replenished with trees, for which cause it is called the Greene mount, -having a most royall and sumptuous palace standing thereupon, in -which, for the most part, the great Can is resident. Upon the one side -of the sayde mount there is a great lake, whereupon a most stately -bridge is built, in which lake a great abundance of geese, ducks, & -all kinds of water foules, and in the wood growing upon the mount, -there is a great store of all birdes and wilde beastes. And therefore -when the great Can will solace himselfe with hunting or hauking, he -needs not so much as once to step forth of his palace. Moreover, the -principall palace, wherein he maketh his abode, is very large, having -within it 14 pillers of golde, and all the walles thereof are hanged -with red skinnes, which are said to be the most costly skinnes in all -the world. In the midst of the palace stands a cisterne of two yards -high, which consisteth of a precious stone called Merdochas, and is -wreathed about with golde, & at ech corner thereof is the golden image -of a serpent, as it were furiously shaking and casting forth his head. -This cisterne also hath a kinde of network of pearle wrought about it. -Likewise by the sayd cisterne there is drinke conveyed thorow certaine -pipes and conducts such as useth to be drunke in the emperours -court, upon the which also there hang many vessels of golde, wherein -whosoever will may drinke of the said licour. In the foresayd palace -there are many peacockes of golde: & when any Tartar maketh a banquet -unto his lorde, if the guests chance to clap their hands for joy and -mirth the said golden peacocks also will spread their wings abroad, -and lift up their traines, seeming as if they danced, and this I -suppose to be done by arte magicke or by some secret engine under the -grounde. - - - [Footnote 1: Karamoron.] - - [Footnote 2: Sumacoto.] - - - - - _Of the glory and magnificence of the great Can._ - -MOREOVER, when the great emperour Can sitteth on his imperiall throne -of estate, on his lefte hand sitteth his queene or empresse and -upon another inferior seate there sit two other women, which are to -accompany the emperour, when his spouse is absent, but in the lowest -place of all, there sit all the ladies of his kinred. _All the married -women weare upon their heads a kind of ornament in shape like unto a -man's foote of a cubite and a halfe in length, and the lower part -of the said foote is adorned with cranes feathers_, and is all ouer -thicke set with great and orient pearles. Upon the right hande of the -great Can sitteth his first begotten sonne and heire apparent unto his -empire, and under him sit all the nobles of the blood royall. There -bee also foure Secretaries, which put all things in writing that the -emperour speaketh. In whose presence likewise stand his Barons and -divers others of his nobilitie, with great traines of folowers after -them, of whom none dare speake so much as one worde, unlesse they haue -obtained licence of the emperour so to doe, except his jesters and -stage players, who are appointed of purpose to solace their lord. -Neither yet dare they attempt to doe ought, but onely according to -the pleasure of their emperor, and as hee enjoineth by lawe. About the -palace gate stand certaine Barons to keepe all men from treading upon -the threshold of the sayd gate. When it pleaseth the great Can to -solemnize a feast, he hath about him 14000 Barons, carying wreathes & -litle crownes upon their heads, and giving attendance upon their lord, -and eueryone of them weareth a garment of golde and precious stones, -which is worth ten thousand florens. His court is kept in very good -order, by governours of tens, governours of hundreds, and governours -of thousands, insomuch that euery one in his place performeth his -dutie committed to him, neither is there any defect to bee found. -I Frier Odoricus was there present in person for the space of three -yeares and was often at the sayd banquets: for wee friers Minorites -have a place of aboad appointed out for us in the emperours court, -and are enjoined to goe and to bestow our blessing upon him. And -I enquired of certain courtiers concerning the number of persons -pertaining to the emperors court. Moreouer, when he will make his -progresse from one countrey to another, hee hath foure troupes of -horsemen, one being appointed to goe a dayes journey before, and -another to come a dayes journey after him, the third to march on his -right hand and the fourth on his left, in the maner of a crosse, he -himselfe being in the midst, and so euery particular troupe haue -their daily journeys limited unto them, to the ende they may provide -sufficient victuals without defect. Nowe the great Can himselfe is -caried in maner following: hee rideth in a chariot with two wheeles, -upon which a majesticall throne is built of the wood of Aloe, being -adorned with gold and great pearles and precious stones, and foure -elephants bravely furnished doe drawe the sayd chariot, before which -elephants foure greate horses richly trapped and covered doe lead -the way. Hard by the chariot on both sides thereof, are foure Barons -laying hold and attending thereupon, to keepe all persons from -approching neere unto their emperour. Upon the chariot two milke-white -jer-falcons doe sit, and seeing any game which hee would take, hee -letteth them fly, and so they take it, and after this maner doeth hee -solace himselfe as hee rideth. Moreover, no man dare come within a -stone's cast of the chariot, but such as are appointed. The number of -his owne followers, of his wives attendants, and of the traine of his -first begotten sonne and heire apparent, would seem incredible to any -man; unless he had first seene it with his owne eyes. The foresayd -great Can hath divided his Empire into twelue parts or provinces, and -one of the said provinces hath two thousand great cities within the -precincts thereof. Whereupon his empire is of that length and breadth, -that unto whatsoever part thereof he intendeth his journey, he hath -space enough for six moneths continual progress, except his islands -which are at the least 5000. - - - - - _Of certaine Innes or hospitals appointed for traveilers - throughout the whole empire._ - -THE foresayd Emperor (to the end that travailers may haue all things -necessary throughout his whole empire) hath caused certaine Innes -to be provided in sundry places upon the highwayes, where all things -pertaining unto victuals are in a continuall readinesse. And when any -alteration or newes happen in any part of his Empire, if he chance -to be farre absent from that part, his ambassadors upon horses or -dromedaries ride post unto him, and when themselves and their beaste -are weary, they blowe their horne, at the noise whereof, the next Inne -likewise provideth a horse and a man, who takes the letter from him -that is weary, and runneth unto another Inne: and so by divers Innes, -and divers postes, the report, which ordinarily could skarce come -in 30 dayes, is in one naturall day brought unto the Emperour: and -therefore no matter of any moment can be done in his empire, but -straightway he hath intelligence of it. Moreouer when the great Can -himselfe will go on hunting, he useth this custome. Some 20 days -journey from the citie of Kambaleth there is a forrest containing six -dayes journey in circuit, in which forrest there are so many kinds of -beasts and birds as it is incredible to report. Unto this forrest, -at the ende of euery thirde or fourthe yeere, himself with his whole -traine resorteth, and they all of them together environ the said -forrest, sending dogs into the same, which by hunting doe bring foorth -the beasts: namely lions and stags, and other creatures, unto a most -beautifull plaine in the midst of the forrest, because all the beasts -of the forrest doe tremble, especially at the cry of hounds. Then -cometh the great Can himselfe, being caried upon three elephants, and -shooteth fiue arrowes into the whole herd of beasts, and after him all -his Barons, and after them the rest of his courtiers and family doe -all in like maner discharge their arrowes also, and euery mans arrow -hath a sundry marke. Then they all goe unto the beasts which are -slaine (suffering the living beasts to returne into the wood that they -may haue more sport with them another time) and euery man enjoyeth -that beast as his owne, wherein he findeth his arrow sticking. - - - - - _Of the foure feasts which the great Can solemnizeth euery - yeere in his court._ - -FOURE great feasts in a yeere doeth the emperor Can celebrate: namely -the feast of his birth, the feast of his circumcision, the feast of -his coronation, and the feast of his mariage. And unto these feasts he -inviteth all his Barons, his stage players, and all such as are of -his kinred. Then the great Can sitting in his throne, all his Barons -present themselves before him, with wreaths and crowns upon their -heads, being diversely attired, for some of them are in greene, namely -the principall: the seconde are in red, and the third in yellow: and -they hold each man in his hand a little Ivorie table of elephants -tooth, and they are girt with golden girdles of halfe a foote broad, -and they stand upon their feete keeping silence. About them stand the -stage-players or musicians with their instruments. And in one of the -corners of a certaine great pallace, all the Philosophers or Magicians -remaine for certaine howers, and do attend upon points or characters; -and when the point and hower which the sayd Philosophers expected for, -is come, a certain crier crieth out with a loud voice, saying, Incline -or bowe your selves before your Emperour; with that all the Barons -fall flat upon the earth. Then hee crieth oute againe: Arise all, and -immediately they all arise. Likewise the Philosophers attend upon a -point or character the second time, and when it is fulfilled the crier -crieth out amaine: Put your fingers in your eares; and foorthwith -againe he saieth: Plucke them out. Againe, at the third point he -crieth, Boult this meale. Many other circumstances also doe they -performe, all which they say haue some certaine signification, howbeit -neither would I write them, nor giue any heed unto them, because they -are vaine and ridiculouse. And when the musicians houre is come, then -the Philosophers say, Solemnize a feast unto your Lord: with that all -of them sound their instruments, making a great and melodious noise. -And immediately another crieth, Peace, Peace, and they are all whist. -Then come the women-musicians, and sing sweetly before the Emperour, -which musike was more delightfull unto me. After them come in the -lions and doe their obeisance unto the great Can. Then the juglers -cause golden cups full of wine to flie up and downe in the ayre & to -apply themselves unto mens mouths that they may drinke of them. These -any many other strange things I sawe in the court of the great Can, -which no man would beleeve unlesse he had seen them with his owne -eies, and therefore I omit to speake of them. I was informed also by -certaine credible persons of another miraculous thing, namely, that -in a certaine Kingdome of the sayd Can, wherein stand the mountains -called Kapsei (the Kingdomes name is Kalor) there _groweth great -Gourds or Pompions,[1] which being ripe, doe open at the tops, and -within them is found a little beast like unto a yong lambe, even as I -my selfe have heard reported, that there stand certain trees upon the -shore of the Irish Sea, bearing fruit like unto a gourd, which at a -certaine time of the yeere doe fall into the water, and become birds -called Bernacles, and this is most true_. - - - [Footnote 1: Pumpkins.] - - - - - _Of divers provinces & cities,_ - -AND after three yeeres I departed out of the empire of Cataie, -traveiling fiftie dayes journey towards the West. And at length I came -unto the empire of Pretegoani,[1] whose principall citie is Kasan, -which hath many cities under it. From thence passing many dayes travel -I came unto a province called Casan, which is for good commodities, -one of the onely provinces under the Sunne, & is very well inhabited, -insomuch that when we depart out of the gates of one city we may -beholde the gates of another city, as I myselfe sawe in divers of -them. The breadth of the said province is 50 dayes journey and the -length aboue sixtie. In it there is great plenty of all victuals, and -especially of chesnuts, and it is one of the twelve provinces of the -great Can. Going on further, I came unto a certaine Kingdome called -Tebek,[2] which is in subjection unto the great Can also, wherein I -thinke there is more plenty of bread and wine then in any other part -of the worlde besides. The people of the sayd countrey do, for the -most part, inhabit in tents made of blacke felt. Their principall -city is invironed with faire and beautifull walls, being built of -most white and blacke stones, which are disposed checkerwise one by -another, and curiously compiled together: likewise all the high wayes -in this countrey are exceedingly well paved. In the said countrey none -dare shed the bloud of a man, or of any beast, for the reverence of -a certaine idol. In the aforesayd citie their Abassi, that is to say, -their Pope is resident, being the head and prince of all idolaters -(upon whom he bestoweth and distributeth gifts after his maner) -euen as our Pope of Rome accounts himselfe to be the head of all -Christians. The Women of this countrey weare aboue an hundreth tricks -& trifles about them, and they haue two teeth in their mouthes as long -as the tuskes of a boare. _When any mans father deceaseth among them, -his sonne assembleth together all the priests and musicians that -he can get, saying that he is determined to honour his father: -then causeth he him to be caried into the field (all his kinsfolks, -friends, and neighbours, accompanying him in the sayd action) where -the priests with great solemnity cut off the fathers head, giving -it unto his sonne, which being done, they divide the whole body into -morsels, and so leaue it behinde them, returning home with prayers in -the company of the said sonne. So soone as they are departed, certain -vultures, which are accustomed to such bankets, come flying from -the mountains, and cary away all the sayd morsels of flesh: and from -thenceforth a fame is spread abroad, that the sayd party deceased was -holy, because the angels of God carried him into paradise. And this is -the greatest and highest honour, that the sonne can devise to performe -unto his father. Then the sayd sonne taketh his fathers head, seething -it and eating the flesh thereof, but of the skull he maketh a drinking -cup, wherein himselfe with all his family and kinred do drinke -with great solemnitie and mirth, in the remembrance of his dead and -devoured father._ Many other vile and abominable things doth the sayd -nation commit, which I meane not to write because men neither can nor -will beleeve, except they should haue a sight of them. - - - [Footnote 1: Prester John.] - - [Footnote 2: Or Thibet.] - - - - - _Of a certaine riche man, who is fed and nourished by - 50 virgins_. - -WHILE I was in the province of Mancy, I passed by the palace of a -certaine famous man, which hath fifty virgin damosels continually -attending upon him, feeding him euery meale as a bird feeds her yoong -ones. Also he hath sundry kinds of meat served in at his table and -three dishes of ech kinde: and when the said virgins feed him, they -singe most sweetly. This man hath in yeerely revenues thirty thuman of -tagars of rise, euery of which thuman yeeldeth tenne thousand tagars, -and one tagar is the burthen of an asse. His palace is two miles in -circuit, the pavement thereof is one plate of golde and another -of silver. Neere unto the wall of the sayd palace there is a mount -artificially wrought with golde and silver, whereupon stand turrets -and steeples, and other delectable things for the solace and -recreation of the foresayd great man. And it was tolde me that there -were foure such men in the sayd kingdome. It is accounted a great -grace for the men of that countrey to haue long nailes upon their -fingers, and especially upon their thumbes which nailes they may folde -about their handes: but the grace and beauty of their women is to haue -small and slender feet: and therefore the mothers when their daughters -are yoong, do binde up their feete that they may not grow great. -Travelling on further towards the South, I arrived at a certain -countrey called Melistorte, which is a pleasant and fertile place. In -this countrey was a certain aged man called Senex de monte, who round -about two mountaines had built a wall to inclose the said mountaines. -Within this wall there were the fairest and most chrystall fountaines -in the whole world: and about the sayd fountaines there were the most -beautifull virgins in great number, and goodly horses also, and in a -word, euery thing that could be devised for bodily solace and delight, -and therefore the inhabitants of the countrey call the same place -by the name of Paradise. The olde Senex, when he saw any proper and -valiant yoong man, he would admit him into his paradise. Moreover -by certain conducts he makes wine and milke to flow abundantly. This -Senex when he hath a minde to revenge himselfe or to slay any king or -baron, commandeth him who is governor of the sayd paradise, to -bring thereunto some of the acquaintance of the sayd king or baron, -permitting him a while to take his pleasure therein, and then to give -him a certaine potion being of force, to cast him into such a slumber -as should make him quite voide of all sense, and so being in a -profound sleepe to convey him out of his paradise: who being awakened -and seeing himselfe thrust out of the paradise, would become so -sorrowfull, that he could not in the world devise what to do, or -whither to turne him. Then would he goe unto the foresaid old man, -beseeching him that he might be admitted again into his paradise, who -saith unto him, You cannot be admitted thither, unlesse you will slay -such or such a man for my sake, & if you will giue the attempt onely, -whether you kill him or no, I will place you againe in paradise, that -there you may remain always: then would the party without faile put -the same in execution, indevouring to murther all those against whom -the old man had conceived any hatred. And therefore all the kings of -the east stood in awe of the sayd olde man, and gaue unto him great -tribute. - - - - - _Of the death of Senex de monte._ - -AND when the Tartars had subdued a great part of the world, they -came unto the sayd olde man, and tooke from him the custody of his -paradise: who being incensed thereat, sent abroad divers desperate and -resolute persons out of his forenamed paradise, and caused many of -the Tartarian nobles to be slaine. The Tartars seeing this, went and -beseiged the citie wherein the sayd olde man was, tooke him, and put -him to a most cruell and ignominious death. The friers in that place -haue this special gift and prerogative, namely, that by the vertue of -the name of Christ Jesu, & in the vertue of his precious blood, which -he shedde upon the crosse for the salvation of mankinde, they doe cast -foorth devils out of them that are possessed. And because there are -many possessed men in those parts, they are bound and brought ten -dayes journey unto the sayd friers, who being dispossessed of the -uncleane spirits, do presently beleeve in Christ, who delivered them, -accounting him for their God, and being baptised in his name, and also -delivering immediately unto the friers all their idols and the idols -of their cattell, which are commonly made of felt or of womens haire: -then the sayd friers kindle a fire in a publicke place (whereunto the -people resort, that they may see the false gods of their neighbors -burnt), and cast the sayd idols thereinto: howbeit at first those -idols came out of the fire againe. Then the friers sprinkled the sayd -fire with holy water, casting in the idols the second time, and with -that the devils fled in the likenesse of black smoake, and the idols -still remained till they were consumed unto ashes. Afterward, this -noise and outcry was heard in the ayre: Beholde and see how I am -expelled out of my habitation. And by these means the friers doe -baptise great multitudes, who presently revolt againe unto their -idols; insomuch that the sayd friers must eftsoones, as it were, -underprop them, and informe them anew. _There was another terrible -thing which I saw there: for passing by a certaine valley, which is -situate beside a pleasant river, I saw many dead bodies, and in the -said valley also I heard divers sweet sounds and harmonies of musike, -especially the noise of citherns, whereat I was greatly amazed. This -valley conteineth in length seven or eight miles at the least, into -the which whosoeuer entreth, dieth presently, and can by no means -passe aliue thorow the middest thereof; for which cause all the -inhabitants thereabout decline unto the one side. Moreover, I was -tempted to go in & to see what it was. At length, making my prayers -and recommending my selfe to God in the name of Jesu, I entred, and -saw such swarmes of dead bodies there, as no man would beleeve unless -he were an eyewitnesse thereof. At the one side of the foresayde -valley upon a certaine stone, I saw the visage of a man, which behelde -me with such a terrible aspect that I thought verily I should haue -died in the same place. But alwayes this sentence, the word became -flesh, and dwelt amomgst us, I ceased not to pronounce, signing my -selfe with the signe of the crosse, and neerer than seven to eight -pases I durst not approach unto the sayd head: but I departed & fled -unto another place in the sayd valley_, ascending up into a little -sande mountaine, where looking about, I saw nothing but the sayd -citherns, which methought I heard miraculously sounding and playing by -themselves without the helpe of musicians. And being upon the toppe of -the mountaine, I found silver there like the scales of fishes in great -abundance, and I gathered some part thereof into my bosome to shew -for a wonder, but my conscience rebuking me, I cast it upon the earth, -reserving no whit at all unto my selfe, and so, by God's grace I -departed without danger. And when the men of the countrey knew that I -was returned out of the valley alive, they reverenced me much, saying -that I was baptised and holy, and that the foresayd bodies were men -subject unto the devils infernall who used to play upon citherns, to -the end they might allure people to enter, and so murther them. Thus -much concerning these things which I beheld most certainly with mine -eyes, I frier Odoricus haue heere written: many strange things also -I haue of purpose omitted, because men will not beleeue them unlesse -they should see them. - - - - - _Of the honour and reverence done unto the great Can._ - -I WILL report one thing more, which I saw, concerning the great Can. -It is an usuall custome in those parts, that when the foresayd Can -traveileth thorow any countrey, his subjects kindle fires before their -doores, casting spices thereinto to make a perfume, that their lord -passing by may smell the sweet and delectable odours thereof, and much -people come forth to meet him. And upon a certaine time when he was -comming towardes Cambaleth, the fame of his approch being published, -a bishop of ours with certaine of our minorite friers and myselfe went -two dayes journey to meet him: and being come nigh unto him, we put a -crosse upon wood. I my selfe having a censer in my hand, and began to -sing with a loud voice: Veni creator spiritus. And as we were singing -on this wise he caused us to be called, commanding us to come unto -him: notwithstanding (as it is above mentioned) that no man dare -approche within a stones cast of his chariot, unlesse he be called, -but such onely as keep his chariot. And when we came neare unto -him, he vailed his hat or bonet being of an inestimable price, doing -reverence unto the crosse. And immediately I put incense into the -censour, and our bishop taking the censer perfumed him, and gaue him -his benediction. Moreouer, they that come before the said Can, do -alwayes bring some oblation to present unto him, observing the ancient -law: Thou shalt not appear in my presence with an empty hand. And for -that cause we carried apples with us, and offered them in a platter -with reverence unto him: and taking out two of them he did eate some -part of one. And then he signified unto us, that we should go apart, -lest the horses comming on might in ought offend us. With that we -departed from him, and turned aside, going unto certaine of his -barons, which had been converted to the faith by certaine friers of -our order, being at the same time in his army: and we offered unto -them of the foresayd apples, who received them at our hands with great -joy, seeming unto us to be as glad, as if we had giuen them some great -gift. All the premisses above written frier William de Solanga hath -put downe in writing euen as the foresayd frier Odoricus uttered them -by word of mouth, in the yeere of our Lord 1330 in the moneth of May, -and in the place of S. Anthony of Padua. _Neither did he regard to -write them in difficult Latine, or in an eloquent style, but even as -Odoricus himselfe rehearsed them, to the end that men might the more -easily understand the things reported._ I Odoricus frier, of Friuli, -of a certaine territory called Portus Vahonis, and of the order of -the minorites, do testifie and beare witnesse unto the reverend father -Guidotus minister of the province of S. Anthony, in the marquisate of -Treviso (being by him required upon mine obedience so to doe) that -all the premisses above written, either I saw with mine owne eyes, -or heard the same reported by credible and substantiall persons. The -common report also of the countreys where I was, testifieth those -things, which I saw, to be true. Many other things I haue omitted -because I behelde them not with my owne eyes. Howbeit from day to day -I purpose with my selfe to travell countreys or lands, in which action -I dispose myselfe to die or to live, as it shall please my God. - - - - - _Of the death of frier Odoricus._ - -IN the yeere therefore of our Lord 1331 the foresayd frier Odoricus -preparing himselfe for the performance of his intended journey, that -his travel and labour might be to greater purpose, he determined -to present himselfe unto Pope John the two and twentieth, whose -benediction and obedience being received, he with a certaine number of -friers willing to beare him company might convey himselfe unto all the -countreys of infidels. And as he was travelling toward the pope, and -not farre distant from the city of Pisa, there meets him by the waye a -certaine olde man, in the habit and attire of a pilgrime, saluting -him by name and saying: All haile frier Odoricus. And when the frier -demaunded how he had knowledge of him: he answered: Whilest you were -in India I knew you full well, yea, and I knew your holy purpose also: -but see that you returne immediately unto the coven[1] from where -you came, for tenne dayes hence you shall depart out of this -present world. Wherefore being astonished and amazed at these words, -(especially the olde man vanishing out of his sight, presently after -he had spoken them) he determined to returne. And so he returned in -perfect health feeling no crazedness nor infirmity of body. And being -in his coven at Udene in the province of Padua, the tenth daye after -the foresayd vision, having received the Communion, and preparing -himselfe unto God, yea, being strong and sound of body, hee happily -rested in the Lord: who sacred departure was signified unto the -Pope aforesaid, under the hand of the publique notary in these words -following. - -In the yeere of our Lord 1331, the 14 day of Januarie, Beatus Odoricus -a Frier minorite deceased in Christ, at whose prayers God shewed many -and sundry miracles, which I Guetelus publique notarie of Utina, sonne -of M. Damianus de Porto Gruaro at the commandment and direction of -the honorable Conradus of the Borough of Gastaldion, and one of the -Councell of Utina, haue written as faithfully as I could, and haue -delivered a copie thereof unto the friers minorites, howbeit not of -all, because they are innumerable, and too difficult for me to write. - - - [Footnote 1: Convent.] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -WOODCUTS SELECTED FROM OTHER EDITIONS SHOWING THE DIFFERENT TREATMENT -OF THE SAME SUBJECTS. - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - -[Illustration] - - -[Decoration] - - - - -LIST OF THE EDITIONS - -OF THE VOYAGES AND TRAVELS OF SIR JOHN MANDEVILLE NOW (1884) IN THE -BRITISH MUSEUM. - -CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED. - - MSS. - - EGERTON MSS. 672. Johannis de Maundevilla - Itinerarium ad partes Ierusolumitanas, &c. - Vellum, 14 Cent., small 4^o. - - Grenville XXXIX. A 14 Cent. MS. fol. on - vellum in double columns, which evidently has belonged to - one of the French Royal Libraries, as the binding testifies. - It commences "Ci comence le liure qui parle des diuersités - des pais qui sunt par universe monde: le quel liure fut compile - par mesire Jehan Mandeuille chlr ne dangleterre de la - uille con dit Saint Albain." - - Harl. 3954. A MS. on vellum, end of 14th Cent., with unfinished - illuminations; fine copy. - - Sloane, 1464. Voyage in 1356. Vellum, in French. Early - 15 Cent. - - Harl. 212 (1). Le Geste de S^r John Maundeville de Mervailles - de Monde. Small 4^o. French. Vellum. Early 15 - Cent. MS. note at end seems to place it as having been written - previous to 1425. - - Harl. 212 (2). La Copie de la Lettre maunde ovesque cest - Escrit a tres noble Prince Monsire E. de Wyndesore Roy - d'Engleterre, et de Fraunce, par Monsire Johan de Maundeville, - autour susdit. - - Cotton, Tit. C. 16. English MS. 4^o. Vellum. Early 15 Cent. - - Sloane, 560. De la Terre Seinte, que houme l'appelle Terre - de Promissionis de Ierusalem. Vellum. French. 15 Cent. - - Add. MSS. 17,335. Travels of Sir John de Mandeville - translated into German by Otto von Diemeringen, Canon of - Metz. Vellum and paper, 15 Cent., with coloured drawings. - Fol. - - Add. MSS. 10,129. The Voyages and Travels of Sir John - Mandeville; in German. On paper. 15 Cent. Fol. - - Egerton MSS. 1982. "Ye buke of (_the voiage and travaile_ - of Sir) John Maundeville." The text differs considerably from - that of the printed editions, and the prologue does not include - the apocryphal passage found in Cotton MS. Titus C. xvi., in - which the author states that he translated the work from Latin - into French, and from French into English. _Vellum._ 15 - Cent. On the fly-leaf, f, 2, is a note by E. Hill, M.D., 22 - Mar. 1803, stating that on a leaf of paper pasted on the inside - of the old cover, was written, "Thys fayre Boke I have fro - the Abbey of Saint Albons in thys yeare of our Lord - M.CCCCLXXXX the sixte daye of Apryll. Willyam Caxton," - together with the name of Richard Tottyl, 1579, by whose - descendant, the Rev. Hugh Tuthill, the book was given to E. - Hill. Small quarto. - - Harl. 82 (4). Itinerarium D. Joannis de Maundevyle - Militis, [Greek: akephaloi], et in fine Truncatum. - Vellum, fol. 15 Cent. In Latin. - - Harl. 175. Itinerarium Dñi Johannis de Maundeville Militis, - de Mirabilibus Mundi. In Latin, 15 Cent. 12^o. Vellum. - - Harl. 204. In French. On vellum. 4^o. 15 Cent. On the - last page is a copy of the letter to Edward III. - - Harl. 3589 (2). A Latin MS. commencing "Incipit Itinerarius - magistri Johannis de Mandevelt ad partes Hierosolymitanas, - et ulteriores partes transmarinas; qui obiit Leodii - A.D. 1382." Paper. 15 Cent. - - Harl. 3940. Le Livre de Jeh. de Mandeville, chevalier, le - queil fut ney du pais d'engleterre, le queil parle de l'estat de - la terre, et de marveilles que il y a veues. 15 Cent. Vellum. - French. 4^o. - - Harl. 4383. Voiage de D. Jean Maundeville. 15 Cent. - Vellum. French. Fol. - - Harl. 1739. A French 4^o MS. of 15 Cent. on vellum and - paper, with letter to Edward III., in Latin, at the end. - - Arundel, 140 (2). English MS. Fol. Paper, 15 Cent., ending - "Her endys the boke of Johne Maundevile, Knyghte, of - wayes to Ierusalem and of merveyles of Ynde and othere - contrees." - - Add. MSS. 18,026. The Voyages and Travels of Sir John - Mandeville Knight; translated into German, and written by - Johann Segnitz de Castel. 1449. Paper. 4^o. - - Egerton MSS. 1781, f. 129. Translation into Irish of the - Travels of Sir John Mandeville made by Fineen Mac Mahon - in 1475. - - Cotton, App. 4, art. 2. Iter. Johannis Mandevill. Vellum. - Small fol., in Latin. Late 15 Cent. - - Grenville XII. An English MS. on paper, fol., end of 15 - Cent., commencing "Here begynñth the boke of Moundevyle - Knyzt that techyth the weyes to Je[~s]lm and of the Meruelis of - ynde and of the londe of P[~s]t John, and of the grete Cham. - and of Constantinople and of many oder Contreys." - - -[Decoration] - - - - - PRINTED EDITIONS. - - GRENVILLE, 6775. This is, probably, the oldest printed - "Mandeville" extant, certainly the oldest dated copy, - except a folio copy printed at Lyons on the 8th day of - February of the same year, and there was also an Italian 4^o - edition previously printed at Milan. As far as is known this - copy is unique, and it is in B. L. double columns, fol. It has, - unfortunately, no name of printer, nor place of publication. - "Ce liure est eppelle mandeuille et fut fait et compose par - monsieur jehan de mandeuille cheualier natif dangleterre de la - uille de sainct alein.[1] Et parle de la terre de promission cest - assauoir de ierusalem et de pluseurs autres isles de mer et les - diuerses et estranges choses qui sont es dites isles. Cy finist - ce tres plaisant liure nome Mande ville parlant moult autentiquement - du pays et terre doultre mer Et fut fait lan Mil. - CCCCLXXX le IIII iour dauril." Folio. B. L. - - Grenville, 6702. Itinerario. Explicit Johannes de Mandeuilla - impressus Mediolani ductu et auspiciis _Magistri Petri de - corneno_ pridie calendas augusti MCCCCLXXX. 4^o. B. L. - This is said to be the first Italian edition. - - Grenville, 6700. Itinerarius Domini Johannis de Mandeville - militis. This is a curious edition, printed in semi-Gothic - Letter, and is the first known of the Latin editions. Its date - is unknown, as is also the place where it was printed, but its - date is fixed _circa_ 1480. - - C. 32, m. 5. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The - travels of Sir J. M. translated into Dutch. G. L. (no place). - 1470? Fol. - - 566, f. 6/1. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Beginning - (fol. 4, verso) Liber pr[=i]s cui auctor fe[~r][~t] joh[=a][=n]es - de m[=a]deville militari ordis, agit de divers patrijs, etc. - G. L. Alosta? 1478? 4^o. Imperfect. - - Grenville, 6774. Hie hebt sich an das püch (_sic_) des Ritters - herz Hannsen von Monte Villa. Gedrucht zü Augspurg _von - hannsen schönsperger_ am freitag nach Galli. Anno domini - (MCCCCLXXXII). Fol. - - Grenville, 6773. Johannes von Mondeuilla, Ritter. Getruckt - zü Strassburg Johannes Prüssz. 1484. Fol. B. L. This - is a very rare German edition, and is attributed to Michelfeld - or Michelfelser. - - Grenville, 6728/3. Explicit Itinerarius a terra Anglie in - partes Ierosolymitanas et in vlteriores transmarinas editus - primo in lingua gallicana a domino Johanne de Mandeville - milite suo auctore. Anno incarnacionis domini MCCCLV in - civitate leodiensi et paulo post in Eadem civitate translatus in - dictam forinam latinam. Quod opus ubi inceptum simul et - completum sit ipã elementa seu singularum seorsum caracteres - literarum quibus impressum vides venatica, monstrant manifeste. - 4^o.[2] - - 789, a. 19. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Tractato - de le piu maravegliose cose e piu notabile che si trovino [=i] le - parte del mondo reducte e colte sotto brevita in lo [~p]sente - comp[~e]dio dal strenuissimo cavalier a speron doro J. de Mandavilla - anglico, &c. - - G. L. p. U. Rugeri[~u] boñ(_oniæ_). 1488. 4^o. - - Grenville, 6703. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels printed at Bologna, "_per mi Ugo di Rugerii_." 1488. - 4^o. B. L. - - Grenville, 6704. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels, printed at Venice, "_per mi Nicolo de li ferari de - pralormo_." 1491. 4^o. B. L. - - C. 4, h. II. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Joanne - de Mandavilla. G. L. Nicolo de li ferari de pralormo. - Venetia, 1491. 4^o. - - Grenville, 6705. Tractato belissímo, delle piu marivigliose - cose, &c. scripte dallo cavaliere asperondoro Giov. Mandavilla - Frazese ridocto in lingua thoscana. Impresso ne la cipta di - Firenze, _per Lorenzo de_ Morgiani et Giovanni da Maganza. - Adi VII. di Giugno MDCCCCLXXXXII. 4^o. This edition is very - rare. - - Grenville, 6706. Johanne de Mandauilla. Bologna, _per - mi Joanne jacobo et Joanne antonio di benedetti da Bologna_. - 1492. 4^o. B. L. - - Grenville, 6709. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels, printed at Milan, _per Uldericho Scinzenzeler_. 1497. - 4^o. B. L. - - Grenville, 6707. A Dutch copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels, printed at Antwerp bii nuy Govaerdt Back. 1494. - 4^o. B. L. - - Grenville, 6699. Itinerarius in partes Iherosolimitanas. Et - in ultiores transmarinas. B. L. 4^o. There is no certainty - when or where this was printed, but it contains a MS. note - attributing its production to P. Friedberg, of Maintz, - _circa_ 1495. - - Grenville, 6713. The boke of John Maunduyle Knyght of - wayes to Ierusalem and of maruelys of ynde and of other - countrees, Emprented _by Richard Pynson_. 4^o. B. L. This is - considered the oldest English printed version extant, older - even than that of Wynkyn de Worde's of 1499. It is unfortunately - undated. Pynson began to print 1493. - - Grenville, 6708. Tractato, etc. Venexia, _per Maestro - Manfredo da Monferato da Streuo da Bonello_. 1496. 4^o. - - 789, a. 20. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_ Johanne - de mandauilla. Tractato de le piu marauegliose cose e piu - notabili che si trouino in le parte del mondo, etc. per Maestro - Manfredo da Mõferato da streno de Bonello. Venice, 1496. 4^o. - - 100 77, b. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Johanne - de mandavilla. Tractato de le piu maravegliose cose e piu - notabile che se trouino in le parte del mõdo, etc. - - G. L. St[=a]pado p Ulfrycho scienz[=e]zeler, Milaõ. 149(7). 4^o. - - Grenville, 6710. Che tracta de le piu marauegliose cose e - piu notabile che si trouyns in le parte del Mondo. Bologna, - _per mi Piero et Jacobo fratelli da Campii_, 1497. 4^o. B.L. - - C. 32, e. 2/2. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller._ - Johannis de montevilla Itinerari in partes Iherosolimitanas. - Et in ulteriores transmarinas. G.L. 1500? 4^o. - - Grenville, 6711. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels. Impressa in Venetia, per _Zuan Baptista Sessa_. Anno - 1504. Adi 29, Luio. 4^o. B.L. - - 280, f. 32. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. I. de - Mandavilla. Tractato de la piu maraviliose cose e piu - notabili che si trovino in le parte del monde redutte.... - sotto brevita in lo presente compendio, etc. - - Manfredo da sustrevo dacã Bonis. Venezia, 1505. 8^o. - - 148, c. 3. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Von . der. - erfarung . des. streugen . Ritters . johannes . võ . montaville. - - G. L. J. Knoblouch. Strassburg, 1507. 4^o. - - Grenville, 6701. Tractato bellissimo delle piu marauigliose - cose, et piu notabile che si trouino nelle parte del mondo. - Impresso nella excelsa cipta di Firenze appetitione _di Ser Piero - da Pescia_, etc. Circa, 1512. 4^o. - - Grenville, 6712. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels printed at Milan, _per Rocho et fratelli da Valle_. 1517. - 4^o. B. L. - - Grenville, 6656. Another copy of Sir John Mandevilles - travels, printed at Venice, _per Marchio Sessa e Piero de rauani._ - 1521. 8^o. - - 1051, c. 1/1. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. I. de - Mandavilla, qual tratta della piu maravegliose cose e piu - notabile che si trovino, etc. Venetia, 1537. 8^o. - - 567, i. 5. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Juan de - Mandavila. Libro de las Marauillas del mundo y del viage - d' la tierra santa di Hierusal[~e] & de todas las provincias & - hombres monstrussos que hayen las Indias. G. L. Valencia, - 1540, fol. - - 149, e. 6. Libro de las maravillas del mondo que trata - del viage de la Tierra Santa de Hierusalem y de todas - las provincias y Ciudades de las Indias y de los hombres - mostruosos que ay en el mundo. Alcala de Heuares. 1547, - fol. - - 1074, k. 4/1. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Maistre - Iehan Mandeville Chevalier natif du pays Dangleterre, lequel - parle des grandes Adventures des pays estrange, tant par mer, - que par terre.... Ensemble la terre de promission & du - sainct voyage de Hierusalem. G. L. _Jehan Bonfons_. Paris, - 1560? 4^o. - - Grenville, 6657. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels. Nel quale si contengono di molte cose maravigliose. - Venetia, 1567. 8^o. - - 1046, a. 26/4. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. I. de - Mandavilla, nel quale si contengono di molte cose maravigliose, - etc. Venetia, 1567. 8^o. - - 1045, h. 2. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The - Voiage and travayle of Syr I. M. which treateth of the way - toward Hierusalem, and of marvayles of Inde, with other Ilands - and Countryes. B. L. Lond. 1568. 8^o. - - 10,076, a. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Reysen - und Wander schafften, durch das Gelobte Land, Indien und - Persien, dess ... Ritters J. de Montevilla ... von ihm - in Frantzösischer unnd Lateinischer Sprach ... beschrieben. - Nachmals durch O. von Dameringer ... verteutscht ... auffs - neuw corrigieret und mit ... Figuren gezieret. - Franckfurt am Mayn, 1580. 8^o. - - 790, m. 16. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Reysen - ins gelobte Land ... Persien, Indien, Tartary, etc. 1584, - fol. - - Grenville, 6714. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels in English, unfortunately mutilated, said to be probably - printed by Thomas East or Este[2]--but it is unlike his type--and - the engravings are totally different. - - 791, l. 12. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Reysen - ... durch das gelobte Landt, Indien, und Persien, etc. - 1609, fol. - - Grenville, 6715. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels. "Wherein is set downe the way to the Holy Land, - and to Hierusalem: as also to the land of the great Caane, - and of Prester John; to Inde, and diuers other countries: - together with the many and strange Meruailes therein. London, - _by Thomas Stansby_. 1618. 4^o. B. L. - - 10,056, bbb/2. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De - wonderlijcke Reyse van I. Mandevijl, be schrijvende eerst de - Reyse ende gheschiedenisse van den H. Lande.... Daer - na de ghestaltenisse ende zeden van den Lande van Egipten, - Syrien, Persen ... Indien, ende Ethiopien, &c.--t'Amsterdam. - 1650. 4^o. - - Grenville, 6716. Voyages and travels, wherein is set down - the way to the Holy Land, &c. London, 1657. 4^o. B. L. - - 791, l. 25. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Reysen - unnd Wanderschafften durch das gelobte Landt, Indien und - Persien ... durch Otto von Demeringen ... verteutscht. - 1659, fol. - - 10,055, a. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller._ The - voyages and travels of Sir J. Mandevile, Knight. Wherein is - set down the way to the Holy Land, and to Hierusalem; as - also to the lands of the Great Caane, and of Prester John, &c. - (Woodcuts). B. L. Lond. 1670. 4^o. - - 12,410, f. 10. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De - Wonderlycke Reyse van I. Mandevyl. Naer het H. Landt, - ghedan in 't Jaer 1322 &c. Antwerpen, 1677. 4^o. - - Grenville, 6717. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels. London, for R. Scot, 1684. 4^o. - - 1045, h. 30. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The - voyages of Sir I. M., &c. B. L. Lond. 1684. 4^o. - - Grenville, 6718. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels. London, for R. Chiswell, &c. 1696. 4^o. The woodcuts - in this edition are the same as in Grenville 6717. - - 12,315, c. 5/4. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Des - vortrefflich Welt-Erfahrnen ... Ritters Johannis de Montevilla, - curieuse Reiss-Beschreibung wie derselbe in das gelobte - Land, Palästinum, Jerusalem, Egypten, Türkey, Judäam, - Indien, Chinam, Persien, angekommen, und fast den ganzen - Erd-und Welt. Kriebs durchzogen seye; ... Nunmehrins - Teutsche übersetzt ... Jetzt von neuem auferlegt, vermehrt - und verbessert, &c. (no place named) 1700? 8^o. - - 1077, g. 35/2. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The - voyages and travels of Sir J. M., &c. Lond. 1705. 4^o. - - 10,056, c. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The - voyages and travels of Sir J. Mandevile ... where in is set - down the way to the Holy Land.... As also to the lands of - the Great Caan, and of Prester John; to India, and divers - other countries, &c. Lond. 1710. 4^o. - - 10,055, a. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The - Travels and voyages of Sir J. M., &c. Lond. 1720? 12^o. - - Grenville, 2247. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels. London, for J. Osborne. (A chap book.) No date - ? 1720-30. 12^o. - - 683, f. 18. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The voiage - and travaile of Sir I Maundevile, which treateth of the way - to Hierusalem, and of marvayles of Inde, with other ilands, - and countreyes. Now publish'd entire from an original MS. in - the Cotton Library. Lond. 1725. 8^o. - - _Note._ There is another title page, with the date 1727. - - 149, b. 8. Another edition of the same in the King's - Library--without the 1727 title page. - - The Grenville Library also has copies of the 1727 edition - of the Cotton M.S. and Halliwell's reprint of same, edition - 1839. - - 212, e. 6. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Receuil - ou abrègè des voiages et observations de, &c. (Receuil de - divers Voyages Curieux, &c.) Vol. 2. 1729. 4^o. - - 435, a. I. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The Travels - and Voyages of Sir I. M. Lond. 1730? 8^o. - - 454, f. 6. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. See Bergeron - (P.) _Parisien_ Voyages faits principalement en Asie dans les - XII. XIII. XIV. et XV siecles, &c. 1735. 4^o. - - 100,56, cc. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De - Wonderlÿke Reyse van Ian Mandevyl, &c. Amsterdam, - 1742? 4^o. - - 790, b. 34. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De wonderlyke - Reize van Jan Mandevyl, &c. Amsterdam 1750? 4^o. - - 1077, i. 14/23. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The - foreign travels of Sir I. M., &c. (A chap book.) Aldermary - Church Yard, Lond. 1750? 12^o. - - 10,056, aa. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De wonderlyke - Reize van Ian Mandevyl, &c. Amsterdam, 1760. 4^o. - - 10,055, b. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De wonderlyke - Reize von I. Mandevyl, &c. Amsterdam, 1779. 4^o. - - 12,315, aaa. 6/3. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The - foreign travels of Sir I. M., &c. London, 1780? 12^o. (A - chap book.) - - 1295, c. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De wonderlyke - Reyse van Ian Mandevyl, naer het H. Land, gedden in 't - jaer 1622 (1322) ... Menheeft desen nieuwen Gendsehen - Druk van alle Touten gesuyverd, &c. Gend. 1780? 4^o. - - 1076, l. 3/12. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The - foreign travels and dangerous voyages of Sir I. M. (A chap - book). London, 1785? 12^o. - - 209, h. II. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Liber - Præsens ... agit de diversis patriis ... & insulis, Turcia, - Armenia, &c. Hakluyt's Collection of the early Voyages, &c. - Vol. 2. 1809, &c. 4^o. - - 790, g. 17. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The - Voiage and Travaile of Sir I. Maundeville ... which treateth - of the way to Hierusalem; and of Marvayles of Inde, with - other Islands and Countryes. Reprinted from the Edition of - A.D. 1725, with an Introduction, Additional Notes, and Glossary, - by J. O. Halliwell. Lond. 1839. 8^o. - - 836, i. 23(I). Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. - Bibliographische Untersuchungen über die Reise. Beschreibung - des Sir I. M., &c. 1840. 4^o. - - 2101, a. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Early Travels - in Palestine, comprising the narratives of Arculf, Willibald ... - Sir I. Mandeville (the latter entitled The Book of Sir I. M. - A.D. 1322-1356), &c.--Bohn's Antiquarian Library, 1847, &c. - 8^o. - - 1007, 6, aa. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Des - edlen engelländischen Ritters ... J. v. Montevilla ... Reis - Beschreibung ... von Neueman's Licht gestellt durch O. F. H. - Schönhuth. - - Reutlingen, 1865. 8^o. - - 10,075, g. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The Voiage - and Travaile of Sir J. Maundevile ... Reprinted from the - edition of 1725. With an introduction, additional notes, and - glossary, by J. O. Halliwell, &c. Lond. 1866. 8^o. - - 11,900, bb. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) the _Traveller_. A Translation - of a portion of Sir J. M.'s travels. (Irish.) See _Todd_ - (J. H.), _D.D._ Some account of the Irish manuscript, &c. - 1867. 8^o. - - 12,226, bbbb. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. I. - Viaggi di G da Mandavilla. Volgarizzamento antico Toscano, - ora ridotto a buona lezione coll' ainto di due testi a penna per - cura di F. Zambrini. 2 vols. Bologna, Imola (printed) 1870. - 8^o. - - 10,027, aaa. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The - English Explorers, &c. - - _Note._ Forming part of "Nimmo's National Library," Lond. - Edinburgh (printed), 1875. 8^o. - - Ac. 9057. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _The Traveller_. Mandevilles - Rejse, på danok fra 15^{de} århundrede,... udgiven af - M. Lorenzen. 1881, &c. 8^o. - - - [Footnote 1: St. Albans.] - - [Footnote 2: This edition has no date, but _Brunet_ says (vol. - iii. p. 1359) that it is printed from the same type used by - _Gerard Leeu_ at Antwerp in 1484 or 1485. As _Graesse_ also - confirms this, I attribute that date to it.] - - [Footnote 3: The dated works of Est, Este, East, or Easte - range from 1565 to over 1600.] - - -[Decoration] - - -[Illustration: Logo] - -CHISWICK PRESS:--C. WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE. - - - - -Transcriber's Note: - - - - - indicates italic print; - = = indicates bold print; - + + indicates Old English font; - ^ or ^{} indicates a superscript. - - - [=] signifies a letter with a macron (straight line over) accent; - [~] signifies a letter, or letters, with a tilde over, - usually indicating an omitted letter (often 'n'). - [°u] is small letter 'u' with ring above. - - The spelling of this book is from the 14th Century, is often - phonetic, and is not necessarily consistent. - - e.g., 'hear' (auditory) is also spelt 'here' and 'heare'; - 'here' (location) is also spelt 'heere', 'heare'; - 'here' has also been used to spell 'hair'; - 'were' is sometimes used for 'where'; - 'Jhon' is 'John', etc. - - 'y^t' usually means 'that', and 'y^e' is 'the'. - - 'to' is used for 'to' and 'too'; - 'by' for 'by' and 'buy'; - 'of' for 'of' and 'off'; - and 'off' for 'off' and 'of'.... - - 'li' = libre = a pound (both weight and money, depending on - context); - a groat = 4 pence; a florin = 2 shillings. - - A word or name can be spelt several ways in the same paragraph, - and names capitalised and non-capitalised in the same sentence. - - Apostrophes (of ownership) were sometimes present, sometimes - absent, even in the same paragraph. - - Also, (e.g.): - - 'le IIII iour dauril' = 'le IIII jour d'avril' = the 4th day of April; - 'natif dangleterre' = 'natif d'angleterre' = 'native of England', etc. - - "And ye shall understande that Lothe was Arons sone, Abraham's - brother, and Sara Abraham's wyfe was Loths syster, and Sara was - xc yere olde when she gate Ysaac and Abraham had another son named - Ismael that he had gotten on his mayden Ager." - - 14th century spellings have not been modernised. 'u' was often, - but not always, printed for 'v' - - Modern spelling rules did not apply until later in the reign of - Queen Victoria (19th century). - - Many strange spellings of personal and place names have been - explained by the author in the Footnotes. - - This book has many Footnotes, and the Footnotes have been placed - at the ends of their relevant Chapters. - - Some missing or damaged punctuation has been repaired, though - punctuation was not always present. - - Some Greek and Latin typos have been corrected. - - Some illustrations which interrupted paragraphs have been moved to - more appropriate places. There are also some small 'glyphs' or - small drawings at the ends of some chapters, which have been - placed after the footnotes for the relevant chapters, thus - following the layout of the book. - - Some illustrations have been re-used. One illustration has been - used multiple times. This was common practice with Chap Book - woodcuts, which would have been hand-carved. - - - Page xv: The inscription has a character which looks like a reversed - capital C, shown as [C], but which is actually a ROMAN NUMERAL - REVERSED ONE HUNDRED (U+2183). - - The date of the inscription is given as CI[C]CCLXXXI, - - i.e. hundreds, ten, (1000) - plus 200 plus 81, - or the year 1281. - - - Page 2: catell[5] = chattel ('goods and chattels'). - - Pages 5-6: Footnotes #5 and #9 each have 1 answer for 2 queries. - - - Page 42: 'Araham's' corrected to 'Abraham's' - (Not corrected in a Footnote). - - "And two myle from Ebron is the grave of Loth[6] that was Abraham's - brother." (F. 6: Lot.) - - Page 47: 'is' corrected to 'it'. - - "... and that it was forbidden in the olde lawe." - - Page 53. "... and thereby are three[15] other pyllers...." - - Footnote 15: [Other editions say four, which is the number - represented in the engraving.] So this edition would appear to be - correct, as one pillar, plus three other pillars = four pillars. - - Page 54: 'me' corrected to (second) 'men'. (original printer error? - or original author's careless style?) - - "... as these landes are lost through sinne of Christen men, so - shall they be won againe by christen men throygh the helpe of God." - - Page 58: "... they encline[1] thereto & and then they take it, and - laye it upon their heads, and afterward...." - - Either '&' or 'and' is extraneous. For consistency, transcriber - removed '&'. - - Page 84: Footnote #4 has 1 answer for 2 queries. - - Page 91, Footnote 7: 'Khalif Molawakkel' corrected to - Khalif Motawakkel (i.e. Al-Mutawakkil) ... - (https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil). - - Page 94: "... or else at Lamaton, And then enter shyppe againe,..." - is as printed, and it does make sense, in the context. - - Page 110, Footnote 5: There are two Footnotes #5 and one Footnote - reference #5, all matching original, but they _are_ connected. - - Page 120, Footnote 1: 'Monscoli' corrected to 'Monocoli' - - "For instance, in Book 7, chap, li., devoted to Man, he (Plini) - quotes Ctesias as saying that in India is another race of men, - who are known as Monocoli, who have only one leg, but are able to - leap with surprising agility." - - Page 152: Illustration removed: duplicate of illo on previous page. - - Page 157, Footnote 1(cont): first letter 'tau' corrected to first - letter 'sigma' [Greek: 'tpithami' should be 'spithamai'], 'span'. - - Page 162: Removed extraneous 'his' - - "and the cause was we had so great desire to see the nobilitye of - his [his] court,..." - - Page 167: 'coulentium' ... perhaps 'colentium'? 'coulentium' may - be an acceptable medieval spelling. - - Page 167, Footnote 1: Ok-lar-Khan ... or Oktaï-Khan. - But some 19th century books give the name as Oktar, and there are - other possibilities. - - Page 187, Footnote 6: Removed extraneous "on". - - Silver Hoop about the end, whereon [on] is engraven _Griphi - Unguis_.... - - Page 206: 'if' correct as printed. - - Middle English "All if" = "even though": - - "even though the carbuncles give great light, nevertheless ...". - - Page 233: Removed extraneous 'are'. - - "In this countrey also are [are] found canes of an incredible - length,..." - - Page 243, Footnote 1: 'Fokieu' corrected to 'Fokien' (typo). - - Pages 277-289: The extra spaces in the book's layout have been - retained, as necessary to show the library cataloguing. - - Page 277: 'chlr' is as printed. Abbreviation for chevalier (knight). - - Grenville XXXIX. A 14 Cent. MS. fol. on vellum in double - columns,... - - It commences "Ci comence le liure qui parle des diuersités des - pais qui sunt par universe monde: le quel liure fut compile par - mesire Jehan Mandeuille chlr ne dangleterre de la uille con dit - Saint Albain." - - Pages 280 et seq: GRENVILLE - - GRENVILLE, Thomas [1755-1846]. 'The Grenville Library'. Scope: - Approximately 16,000 works (in 20,240 volumes) collected by the - statesman and British Museum Trustee Thomas Grenville. The - collection contains printed books from the 15th to 19th centuries, - and complements the King's Library in terms of incunabula and - post-incunabula, early voyages, bibles, vernacular poetry and - romances (especially Italian and Spanish), and English literature. - The collection is particularly noted for its fine bindings. - Bequeathed to the Museum in 1846. Although part of the Grenville - Library, the volumes at G.20276-78 were absent from the collection - when it arrived at the British Museum. They were subsequently - acquired though the book trade by either the British Museum or the - British Library. - - Page 281: 'zii' corrected to 'zü'. 'zu' may have been better, but - 'zü' is used in the entry above, 'Gedrucht zü Augspurg' and now used - here, 'Getruckt zü Strassburg', to match. The entries are from 1482 - and 1484, when spelling was more or less invented to suit the - writer's personal preferences. - - Another copy has 'Gedruckt z[°u] Augspurg....' - - Page 284-5: 'unnd' (as printed) is common in 16th century German. - - - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Voiage and Travayle of Sir John -Maundeville Knight, by John Maundeville and John Ashton - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR JOHN MAUNDEVILLE KNIGHT *** - -***** This file should be named 54281-8.txt or 54281-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/2/8/54281/ - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Lesley Halamek, Stephen Rowland -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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-visibility : hidden; -color : white; -display : none; -} -} -@media print { -span.pagenum { -visibility : hidden; -color : white; -display : none; -} -} - - </style> -</head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Voiage and Travayle of Sir John -Maundeville Knight, by John Maundeville and John Ashton - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: The Voiage and Travayle of Sir John Maundeville Knight - Which treateth of the way towards Hierusalem and of - marvayles of Inde with other ilands and countreys - -Author: John Maundeville - John Ashton - -Release Date: March 5, 2017 [EBook #54281] -[Last updated: September 22, 2021] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR JOHN MAUNDEVILLE KNIGHT *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Lesley Halamek, Stephen Rowland -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class="tn1"> -<h4>Transcriber's Note:<a name="top"></a></h4> - -<p class="center less">The <a href="#transcriber_note">Transcriber's Note</a> is at the end of the book.</p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><img src="images/cover-300.jpg" width="300" height="465" alt="Front Cover" /></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="pagei" id="pagei"></a></span></p> - -<div id="half-title"> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a href="images/i-600.png"><img src="images/i-300.png" width="300" height="67" alt="glyph" /></a></div> - -<h2 class="half-title space-above3">THE VOIAGE AND TRAVAYLE OF SIR<br /><br class="b30" /> -JOHN MAUNDEVILLE, KNIGHT.</h2> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 50px;"><img src="images/ib-50.png" width="50" height="17" alt="glyph" /></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="pageii" id="pageii"></a></span></p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii" id="pageiii"></a></span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h1><span class="less1">THE VOIAGE AND TRAVAYLE</span><br /><br class="b50" /> -<small>OF</small><br /><br class="b50" /> -SIR JOHN MAUNDEVILLE<br /> -<span class="less">KNIGHT</span><br /><br /> - -<small><i>WHICH TREATETH OF THE WAY TOWARD HIERUSALEM<br /> -AND OF MARVAYLES OF INDE WITH OTHER<br /> -ILANDS AND COUNTREYS</i></small><br /><br /> - -<span class="smaller"><i><span class="sc">Edited, Annotated, and Illustrated in Facsimile</span></i></span><br /> - -<small>BY</small><br /> - -<span class="less1">JOHN ASHTON</span></h1> -</div> -<p class="centers wsp"><i>Author of "Chap Books of the 18th Century," "Social<br /> -Life in the Reign of Queen Anne," "English Caricature and<br /> -Satire on Napoleon I.," &c.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;"><a href="images/iii-450.png"><img src="images/iii-150.png" width="150" height="202" alt="logo" /></a></div> - -<p class="centerb">LONDON</p> - -<p class="centerb"><span class="more">PICKERING & CHATTO</span></p> -<p class="centerb">66, <span class="sc">Haymarket</span></p> - -<p class="centerb">1887</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiv" id="pageiv"></a>[pg iv]</span></p> - -<div class="half-title"> -<p class="centers">CHISWICK PRESS:—C. WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS COURT,<br /> -CHANCERY LANE.</p> - </div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="pagev" id="pagev"></a>[pg v]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a href="images/v-1000.png"><img src="images/v-600.png" width="600" height="147" alt="glyph" /></a></div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>PREFACE.</h2> -</div> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/v-i-100.png" width="100" height="100" alt="I" /></div> -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="upper-case">I HAVE</span> edited, and illustrated "The Voiage -and Travayle of Syr John Maundeville, -Knight," for two reasons. First, that a -popular edition has not been published for -many years—so much so, that many otherwise well -educated people hardly know his name; or, if they do, -have never read his book of Marvels. Secondly, a good -edition has not yet been published. Putting aside the -chap-books of the eighteenth century, which could only -cram a small portion of his book into their little duodecimos, -the only English versions of this century are the -reprint by Halliwell, in 1839, of the <i>reprint</i> in 1725-1727, -of the early fifteenth century MS. (Cotton, Tit. c. 16), -which he again reprinted in 1866,<a id="footnotetagpre1" name="footnotetagpre1"></a><a href="#footnotepre1"><sup>1</sup></a> the edition in "Bohn's -Classical Library" ("Early Travels in Palestine"), 1848; -and "The English Explorers," which forms part of -Nimmo's "National Library," 1875. There was also a -small edition published in Cassell's "National Library" -in 1886 in modern English.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="pagevi" id="pagevi"></a>[pg vi]</span></p> - -<p>Halliwell's reprint of the Cotton MS. is open to objection, -because the language of the MS. is specially rude, -and can only be understood by professed antiquaries, no -footnotes explanatory of the text being given, only a -glossary at the end of the book. Also, Mr. Halliwell -has taken his illustrations from various sources, not confining -himself to English woodcuts—the Cotton MS. -having no illustrations. If, however, the language in -Halliwell's edition is too archaic, Bohn and Nimmo err -in the opposite direction. Without illustrations, and -clothed in modern English, they are bald in the extreme; -whilst the editors of both have not been over careful to -closely copy the text.</p> - -<p>Seeing these difficulties, and dearly loving Sir John, -in spite of his romancing, I cast about for a book which -should fulfil the conditions of an edition I should like -for my own reading; which should have the spice of the -old language, without being unreadable, like the Cotton -MS., and which contained the original quaint illustrations. -This I have found in a reprint of Pynson's unique edition -(now in the Grenville Library, British Museum), from -which it varies very slightly, except in the modernizing -of the language, which is rather an advantage; and -which, by means of the copious footnotes I have made, -will, I hope, be easily read by anybody.</p> - -<p>This edition, too, was particularly rich in woodcuts, -which I have faithfully facsimiled; and, in the Appendix, -I have reproduced a few from other editions, showing -the different treatment of some subjects. In the Appendix, -also, I have given a list of all the editions of Sir -John Mandeville's Travels now in the British Museum. -A glance at this will show how popular his book -was, in all civilized countries, and in all ages, since -<span class="pagenum"><a name="pagevii" id="pagevii"></a>[pg vii]</span> -its first publication.<a id="footnotetagpre2" name="footnotetagpre2"></a><a href="#footnotepre2"><sup>2</sup></a> I have thought that an edition -should be produced which could be read by all, and -therefore have given explanations of words and facts, -perfectly familiar to advanced students, by means of -which they will not be inconvenienced, and the general -reader much benefited.</p> - -<p>Perhaps the Illustrations in one or two of the early -foreign editions are quainter, but I wanted, and have -got, a thoroughly representative <i>English</i> Edition, which -gives Sir John's adventures, with their concomitant -"Travellers' Tales," without the apocryphal stories -which were introduced into some of the MSS. and -foreign editions.</p> - -<p>Of East, the printer of the exemplar I have chosen, -very little is known; and, curiously, he is ignored in Herbert -and Dibdin's edition of <i>Ames' Typographical Antiquities</i>. -According to Ames, he was made free of the -Stationers' Company 3rd December, 1565, and he gives -his first known printed book as 1569, or a year later -than the book I have copied. East, according to the -same authority, was granted a patent for ruled paper -for music, and worked both for Bird and Tallis. The -<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageviii" id="pageviii"></a>[pg viii]</span> -date of his death does not seem to be known, but his -widow, or daughter, printed a book of Bird's music -in 1610.</p> - -<p class="author">JNO. ASHTON.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotepre1" name="footnotepre1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagpre1">1:</a> -This has again been reprinted in 1884.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotepre2" name="footnotepre2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagpre2">2:</a> -Colonel Yule, in "The Book of Ser Marco Polo," &c. (1871), says:—"And -from the great frequency with which one encounters in catalogues -both MSS. and early printed editions of Sir John Maundeville, -I should suppose that the lying wonders of our English -knight had a far greater popularity and more extensive diffusion -than the veracious and more sober marvels of Polo. In Quaritch's -last catalogue (November, 1870) there is only one <i>old</i> edition of -Polo; there are nine of Maundeville. In 1839 there were nineteen -MSS. of the latter <i>catalogued</i> in the British Museum Library. -There are <i>now</i> only five of Marco Polo. At least twenty-five -editions of Maundeville, and only five of Polo were printed in the -fifteenth century."</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/viii-560.png"><img src="images/viii-200.png" width="200" height="156" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="pageix" id="pageix"></a>[pg ix]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a href="images/ix-1000.png"><img src="images/ix-600.png" width="600" height="135" alt="glyph" /></a></div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>INTRODUCTION.</h2> -</div> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/ix-i-100.png" width="100" height="98" alt="I" /></div> -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="upper-case">I KNOW</span> of nothing more likely to be provocative -of a literary war than the question -of Sir John Mandeville's personal entity. -Were I to express an opinion either way—that -he was a real being, or that he never existed—fierce -would be the criticism on my views, and much -good ink be spilt, which might well be devoted to a -better purpose, so that I prefer letting the reader form -his own opinion thereon,—a course which will save everybody -any trouble or vexation of spirit.</p> - -<p>We labour under this difficulty—all that is known -about him is what he tells us himself, and no one who -reads the book can altogether trust his absolute verity. -If his book is a mere compilation from other sources, so -then is that of Odorico (who died January, 1331), which -I place in an Appendix, and which agrees with Mandeville -in so many particulars, that one might reasonably -suppose him to be the "fellawe," or companion, whom -he frequently mentions, and connect him with that -Minorite friar from Lombardy (for Odorico was born -at Udine or Friuli) who shrove them before their -<span class="pagenum"><a name="pagex" id="pagex"></a>[pg x]</span> -entrance into "y<sup>e</sup> Valey of Divels."<a id="footnotetagint1" name="footnotetagint1"></a><a href="#footnoteint1"><sup>1</sup></a> According to -his own account, he was a knight, that he was born at -St. Albans, and that he left England on his wonderful -voyage on 29th September, 1322. He informs us that -he travelled through Asia Minor, Armenia, Tartary, -Persia, Syria, Arabia, Upper and Lower Egypt, Libya, -Chaldæa, a large portion of Ethiopia, Amazonia, Lower -India, and the greater part of Upper India, together -with the neighbouring islands. If his narrative can be -trusted, he lived in most friendly relations with the ruler -of Egypt, whom he served in his war against the -Bedouins, and was on such familiar terms that they -would privately argue on religious topics, and he was -even offered a richly dowered princess as a wife, if he -would but change his creed, and become a Mahometan. -If he can be believed, he wandered all over the then -known world, and gratified his military instincts by -helping the Emperor of China in his war against the -sovereign of Manzi. He tells us that after thirty-four -years of wandering and exile he returned to England, -taking Rome in his way home, in order to get the Pope's -Imprimatur to his book, for which he naïvely gives as -reason: "and, for as much as many men beleve not that -they see with theyr eyen, or y<sup>t</sup> they may conceiue & -know in their mynde, therefore I made my way to Rome -in my coming homewarde, to shew my boke to the holy -father the pope, and tell him of the mervayles y<sup>t</sup> I had -sene in diverse countreys; so that he with his wise -<span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexi" id="pagexi"></a>[pg xi]</span> -counsel wold examine it, with diverse folke y<sup>t</sup> are at -Rome, for there dwell men of all nations of the world, -and a lytle time after whan he & his coũsel had examined -it all through, he sayde to me for a certayne that it was -true, for he sayd he had a boke of latin contayning all -that, and much more, of y<sup>e</sup> which <i>Mappa Mundi</i> is -made, the which boke I saw, & therefore the pope hath -ratyfied & confirmed my boke in all poyntes." If any -portion of this is true, it is probable that the "boke of -latin" may have been Pliny, Solinus, or some other -equally veracious writer.</p> - -<p>As to the "Mappa Mundi" constructed from such -sources, that at Hereford may be taken as a type of -ideal geography of the time. This was almost contemporary -with Mandeville, and is ascribed to the very early -part of the fourteenth century. Indeed, it can be proved -to be of this date, for, among other inscriptions on the -map, is the following:-</p> - -<div class="poem width21"> <div class="stanza"> -<p>"Tuz Ki cest estoire ont.</p> -<p>Ou oyront ou lirront ou veront.</p> -<p>Prieut a ihesu su deyte.</p> -<p>De Richard de Haldingdam e de Lafford eyt pite.</p> -<p>Ki lat fet e compasse.</p> -<p>Ki ioie eu cel li seit donc."</p> - </div> </div> - -<p>Which may be thus translated:—</p> - -<blockquote><p> -"All who have, or shall have, or shall read, or shall see this history—pray -to Jesu in deity (or as God) that he may have pity on -Richard of Haldingham and of Lafford, who has made and contrived -it, that joy in heaven may be given unto him." -</p></blockquote> - -<p>Richard of Haldingham, or Holdingham, whose real -name was Richard de la Battayle, or de Bello,<a id="footnotetagint2" name="footnotetagint2"></a><a href="#footnoteint2"><sup>2</sup></a> held the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexii" id="pagexii"></a>[pg xii]</span> -prebend of Lafford (now Sleaford), in Lincoln Cathedral -up to the year 1283, and afterwards held the prebend -of Norton, in Hereford Cathedral. Hardy, in his -edition of Le Neve's <i>Fasti Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ</i>, says he -was appointed to this stall in 1305. He was afterwards -preferred to the Archidiaconate of Berkshire. Perhaps -the best description of this map is in a paper read before -the Geographical Society of Paris, 30th November, 1861, -by M. D'Avezac, President of the Society, a translation -of which may be found in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> of -May, 1863. He considers it to have been executed early -in the year 1314, because Lyons was not annexed to -France till the 30th of April, 1313, and gives other -reasons, equally strong, in support of his argument.</p> - -<p>Thus, then, we have a contemporary map as a guide, -and on this Hereford map are portrayed all the monsters -described by Mandeville—the one-eyed men, those with -their heads in their breasts, even the big-footed one-legged -man—all those things which are regarded as -fable in Mandeville—are here drawn, and evidently must -have been currently believed in. So that when Mandeville, -or some subsequent editor, challenged the <i>Mappa -Mundi</i> as confirmatory evidence, he clearly knew what -he was about.</p> - -<p>A strong presumption of his personal being is drawn -from the fact that Liège is said to be the place of his -burial, <i>see Appendix Harl.</i>, 3589. 2, "qui obiit Leodii -<span class="sc">a.d.</span> 1382." That he was believed to have lived at Liège -is also shown in <i>Appendix Grenville</i>, 6728/3, where he is -said to have written his book in the year 1355; and if -Weever<a id="footnotetagint3" name="footnotetagint3"></a><a href="#footnoteint3"><sup>3</sup></a> is to believed, he died there, but at an earlier -<span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexiii" id="pagexiii"></a>[pg xiii]</span> -date, namely, 1371. Speaking of St. Albans, he says: -"This Towne vaunts her selfe very much of the birth -and buriall of <i>Sir Iohn Mandeuill</i> Knight, the famous -Trauailer, who writ in Latine, French, and in the English -tongue, his Itinerary of three and thirty yeares. And -that you may beleeue the report of the Inhabitants to -bee true, they haue lately pensild a rare piece of Poetry, -or an Epitaph for him, vpon a piller; neere to which, -they suppose his body to haue beene buried, which I -think not much amisse to set downe; for although it -will not bee worth the reading, yet do but set it to some -lofty tune, as to the <i>Hunting of Antichrist</i>, or the leke, -I know it will be well worth the singing: marke how it -runs.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexiv" id="pagexiv"></a>[pg xiv]</span></p> - -<div class="poem width24"> <div class="stanza"> -<p>"'All yee that passe, on this pillar cast eye,</p> -<p class="i4">This Epitaph read if you can;</p> -<p>'Twill tell you a Tombe onc't stood in this roome,</p> -<p class="i4">Of a braue spirited man.</p> -<p><i>Iohn Mandeuill</i> by name, a knight of great fame,</p> -<p class="i4">Borne in this honoured Towne.</p> -<p>Before him was none that euer was knowne,</p> -<p class="i4">For trauaile of so high renowne.</p> -<p>As the Knights in the Temple, crosse-legged in marble,</p> -<p class="i4">In armour, with sword and with sheeld,</p> -<p>So was this Knight grac't, which time hath defac't,</p> -<p class="i4">That nothing but ruines doth yeeld.</p> -<p>His Trauailes being donne, he shines like the Sun,</p> -<p class="i4">In heauenly Canaan.</p> -<p>To which blessed place, O Lord of his grace</p> -<p class="i4">Bring vs all man after man.'</p> - </div> </div> - -<p>"That he was borne heere in this Towne I cannot -much deny; but I am sure that within these few yeares, -I saw his Tombe in the Citie of Leege, within the Church -of the religious house of the <i>Guilliammits</i>, with this -Inscription vpon it, and the verses following hanging by -on a table.</p> - -<p>"<i>Hic iacet vir nobilis D. Ioannes de Mandevile, Al;<a id="footnotetagint4" name="footnotetagint4"></a><a href="#footnoteint4"><sup>4</sup></a> -D. ad Barbam miles; Dominus de Campdi: natus de -Anglia, Medicine professor, deuotissimus orator: et -bonorum largissimus pauperibus erogator qui toto quasi -orbe lustrato. Leodij diem vite sue clausit extremum. -Ann. Dom. M.C.C.C.lxxi. Mens. Nouemb. die xvi.</i></p> - -<h4><i>ALIUD.</i></h4> - -<div class="poem width24"> <div class="stanza"> -<p>"'<i>Hoc iacet in tumulo, cui totus patria vino</i></p> -<p class="i2"><i>Orbis erat; totum quem peragrasse ferunt.</i></p> -<p><i>Anglus Equesque fuit, nunc ille Britannus Vlysses</i></p> -<p class="i2"><i>Dicatur, Graio clarus Vlysse magis.</i></p> - </div><div class="stanza"> -<p><i>Moribus, ingenio, candore, & sanguine clarus</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexv" id="pagexv"></a>[pg xv]</span></p> -<p class="i2"><i>Et vere cultor Relligionis erat.</i></p> -<p><i>Nomen si queras, est Mandevil, Indus, Arabsque</i></p> -<p class="i2"><i>Sat notum dicet finibus esse suis.</i>'</p> - </div> </div> - -<p>"The Churchmen will shew you here his kniues, the -furniture of his horse, and his spurres, which he vsed in -his trauells."</p> - -<p>Thus speaks Weever, and nobody doubts but that -there was a tomb of a Jehan de Maundeville in the Abbey -of the Guilelmites,<a id="footnotetagint5" name="footnotetagint5"></a><a href="#footnoteint5"><sup>5</sup></a> which is mentioned by Bollandus in his -<i>Acta Sanctorum</i> (Februarius, Tom. 2, p. 481, edit. 1658) -as "Domus de Motta extra Leodium, inchoata, anno -CI<span style="font-size: 1.05em">Ↄ</span>CCLXXXI." The abbey, or hospital, is now destroyed; -but, as side proofs, let me give two extracts -from different works of the eighteenth century. One, -"Abrégé curieux et nouveau de l'histoire de Liege," &c. -(no date), 24mo., p. 117. "L'Hôpital & la Chapelle de -S. Guilleaume aux Faux-bourgs de S. Walburge furent -fondez l'an 1330," and in "Abrégé Chronologique de -l'histoire de Liege, jusqu'a l'année 1784, &c." Liege, -1784, 12mo., p. 66. It says, "L'hôpital & la chapelle de -Saint Guillaume au fauxbourg de Sainte Walburge furent -fondés l'an 1330."</p> - -<p>As I said before, regarding Mandeville it must be a -question of faith. If Weever is to be relied on, he was a -physician, and from the fact of his wearing a beard, probably -acquired in his eastern travels, he received the -sobriquet of "ad Barbam." This title, however, is -claimed for a certain "Jehan de Bourgoigne dit à la -<span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexvi" id="pagexvi"></a>[pg xvi]</span> -Barbe," but the bare fact of anyone wearing a beard in -France, in the clean-shaven fourteenth century, was -sufficient to make him remarkable.</p> - -<p>If, again, Weever and others are to be relied on, he -died in 1371, and it is a curious fact that the earliest -French, or Romance, manuscript known in this country is -one of that date, and, moreover, it is circumstantially -dated, as will be shown hereafter. This MS. is in the -Earl of Ashburnham's collection (catalogued Barrois 24), -which every lover of literature will regret was not secured -for the nation in its entirety. Its text is most beautiful, -and the few illuminations are fine examples of fourteenth -century French art. But what I want particularly to -point out, is the curious coincidence of dates—absolutely -contemporaneous. Whether there were any MSS. published -before then I cannot tell, but here is a book published -the year of his death, when inquiry would have -proved easily whether such a man had ever lived, but the -whole style of the MS. shows that he was well known as -a traveller, and it is evidently copied from an earlier -edition, as at the end it says, "Ce livre cy fist escrire -honorables homes sages et discret maistre Gervaise crestien, -maistre en medicine, et premier phisicien de tres -puissant noble et excellent prince Charles, par la Grace -de Dieu, roy de France, Escript par Raoulet dorliens lan -de grace mil ccclxxj le xviij jour de Septembre."</p> - -<p>Here we have an authentic date, which there could be -no earthly reason to falsify, and this MS. was written—unless -Weever and others are liars—during the man's -lifetime. For, according to their authority, he did not -die until <i>November</i> of that year, and we must not fail to -remember that Liege was not a very far cry from Paris, -and that his fame must have been great, or his book -<span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexvii" id="pagexvii"></a>[pg xvii]</span> -would never have been written as a present for the king, -as it probably was.</p> - -<p>This manuscript, being the earliest known, is also useful -in another way. By some singular chance, all the -English versions make out that Mandeville wrote his -book first in Latin, then in French, and afterwards in -English. But this manuscript settles the point, as it says, -"Et sachies q̃ je eusse cest livret mis en latin pour plus -briefment deviser. Mais pour ce que pluseurs entendent -mieulx rom̃ant que latin je lay mis en rom̃ant par quoy -q̃ chacun lentende." Which I translate: "And know -that I should (or might) have written this book in Latin, -for the sake of brevity. But, because more people know -the Romance (or French) tongue, than Latin, I have -written it in Romance, so that anyone may understand -it." And this translation is endorsed by E. M. Thompson, -Esq., the head of the MS. department in the British -Museum. It all depends on the words "je eusse." They -do not mean <i>I had</i>; and, even in modern French, might -be used for <i>I should have</i>, although of course <i>j'aurais</i> -would be better.</p> - -<p>For many years he has been called the "father of -English Prose," but this title, after the above, is doubtful, -even if his existence is granted, and belongs of right -to Wyclif.</p> - -<p>Another book, and a very rare and curious one it -is, is attributed to Mandeville. There is a copy of -this book in the British Museum (C. 27, f. 2), which, -although in Gothic letter, gives no clue as to its date, -or place of birth, nor do any of the bibliographical -authorities which I have consulted (and they are all -that can be found in the British Museum) throw any -light upon it. The museum authorities catalogue it -<span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexviii" id="pagexviii"></a>[pg xviii]</span> -as <i>Lyons? 1530?</i> Its title is "<span class="sc">Le Lapidaire</span> <i>en francoys -compose par messire Jehan de mandeuille chevalier</i>." -Its contents are of little worth, except that they contain a -store of legendary lore relating to precious stones, such -as are met with in most medieval treatises on jewels and -it winds up with a prayer. The authorship of this book, -too, must be a matter of faith, since it has nothing to -guarantee it but its title-page.</p> - -<p>It is somewhat singular too, that the Latin letter supposed -to be written by Mandeville to King Edward the -Third, and which is <i>apropos</i> of nothing, only exists in the -French edition.</p> - -<p>In the appended Travels of Oderico, the Minorite -Friar, I have italicized many of the passages which are -identical with Mandeville's description in order that the -reader may have easier reference.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnoteint1" name="footnoteint1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagint1">1:</a> -"And there were in our company two friers minours of Lombardy, -& sayd, if any of us wold go in, they wold also, as they had -sayd so, and upon trust of them we sayd that we wold go, & we -dyd sing a masse, and were shriven & houseled, and we went in -xiiii men, and whē we came out we were but x."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnoteint2" name="footnoteint2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagint2">2:</a> -Havergal's <i>Fasti Herefordenses</i>, p. 161.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnoteint3" name="footnoteint3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagint3">3:</a> -"Ancient Funerall Monuments, &c. Composed by the Travels -and Studie of John Weever." Lond. 1631. It is exceedingly singular -that a book published at Antwerp in 1584, "The Itinerarium -per nonnullas Galliæ Belgicæ partes Abrahami Ortelii et -Joannis Viviani," confirms Weever, in such almost identical words, -that it is not worth while to append a translation. Ortelius, or -Ortell, writes (p. 16):—"<i>Est in hac quoq. regione Gulielmitarũ -Cœnobium in quo epitaphiũ hoc Joannis à Mandeuille excepimus</i>: -<span class="sc">Hic iacet vir nobilis dn͠s Joẽs de Mandeville al' dc͠vs ad -barbam, miles dn͠s de Cãpdi, natus de Anglia, mediciẽ -p̃f̃essor devotissimvs orator et bonorum largissimvs pauperibus -erogata qui toto quasi orbe lustrato leodii diem -vite sue clavsit extremum a͠no dn͠i M<sup>o</sup> CCC<sup>o</sup> LXXI mensis -novẽbre' die XVII.</span></p> - -<p class="footnote1c">"<i>Hæc in lapide, in quo cœlata viri armati imago, leonem calcantis, -barba bifurcata, ad caput manus benedicens, & vernacula hæc verba</i>: -<span class="sc">Vos ki paseis sor mi povr lamovr deix proies por me.</span> -<i>Clypeus erat vacuus, in quo olim laminam fuisse dicebant æream, & -eius in ea itidem cœlata insignia, leonem videlicet argenteum, cui ad -pectus lunula rubea, in campo cœruleo, quem limbus ambiret denticulatus -ex oro. Eius nobis ostendebãt & cultros, ephippioque, & -calcaria, quibus usum fuisse afferebãt in perigrando toto fere terrarum -orbe, vt clarius eius testatur Itinerarium, quod typis etiam -excusum passim habetur.</i>"</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnoteint4" name="footnoteint4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagint4">4:</a> -"Otherwise called the Bearded Knight."</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnoteint5" name="footnoteint5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagint5">5:</a> -An order founded by Sir William of Maleval—a hermit—who -died 10th Feb., 1157. The order was somewhat austere, as the -members went barefoot, and their fasts were almost continual. -They have nearly all been absorbed into the Augustines. -</p></blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/xviii-260.png"><img src="images/xviii-100.png" width="100" height="89" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexix" id="pagexix"></a>[pg xix]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a href="images/xix-1000.png"><img src="images/xix-600.png" width="600" height="120" alt="glyph" /></a></div> - -<div class="chapter"><h2>THE TABLE.</h2></div> - -<table class="toc" summary="contents" border="0"> - -<tr> - <td class="left">CAP.</td> - <td class="left"> </td> - <td class="right">PAGE</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right"> </td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#pagev">Preface</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#pagev">v</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right"> </td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#pageix">Introduction</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#pageix">ix</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">I.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page4">He that wyl go toward Hierusalem on horse, on - foote, or by sea</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page4">4</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">II.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page14">Of the Ilands of Greece</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page14">14</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">III.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page19">To come againe to Constantinople for to go to the - Holy Land</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page19">19</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">IV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page22">Of a terrible dragon</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page22">22</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">V.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page25">Of a yong man and his lemmā</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page25">25</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">VI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page27">Of the maner of hunting in Cipres</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page27">27</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">VII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page29">Of the haven named Jaffe</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page29">29</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">VIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page29">Of the haven of Tyre</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page29">29</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">IX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page30">Of the Hyll Carme</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page30">30</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">X.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page32">How Sampson slew the King and his enemies</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page32">32</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page33">The way to Bebilon whereas the Sowdan dwelleth</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page33">33</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page35">Yet here foloweth of the Sowdan & his Kingdomes - that he hath conquered, which he holdeth strongly - with force</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page35">35</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page37">For to returne fro Sinay to Hierusalem</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page37">37</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XIV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page39">As men are passed this wildernesse againe coming - to Hierusalem</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page39">39</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page41">Here foloweth a little of Adam & Eve and other - things</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page41">41</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XVI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page43">Of the dry tree</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page43">43</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XVII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page44">Fro Bethlehem</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page44">44</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XVIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page45">Of a fayre mayden that shold be put to death - wrongfully</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page45">45</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XIX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page48">Of the citie of Hierusalem</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexx" id="pagexx"></a>[pg xx]</span></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page48">48</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page50">Yet of y<sup>e</sup> holy citie of Hierusalem</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page50">50</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page55">Of y<sup>e</sup> church of y<sup>e</sup> holy sepulchre </a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page55">55</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page57">Of the temple of God</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page57">57</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page59">Yet of the temple of God</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page59">59</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXIV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page64">Of King Herode</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page64">64</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page66">Of S. Salvatours church</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page66">66</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXVI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page69">The fielde of Acheldemack which was bought - with y<sup>e</sup> xxx pēce</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page69">69</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXVII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page70">Of the mount Joye</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page70">70</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXVIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page72">Of the castell Berthania</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page72">72</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXIX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page72">Of Jerico and other things</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page72">72</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page73">Of the holy place betwene Bethany and from - Jordan, and other things</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page73">73</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXXI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page75">Of Abram and his Generation</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page75">75</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXXII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page76">Of the river Jordan </a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page76">76</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXXIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page78">Of many other marvailes</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page78">78</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXXIV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page81">Of the Samaritanes</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page81">81</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXXV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page82">Of Galyle</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page82">82</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXXVI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page84">Of the way of Nazareth to y<sup>e</sup> mount or hyll of - Tabor</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page84">84</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXXVII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page85">Of the sea of Galyle</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page85">85</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXXVIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page85">Of the table whereon Christ eate after his resurrection</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page85">85</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XXXIX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page87">Of straunge maners & divers</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page87">87</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XL.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page91">For to turne againe on this side Galile</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page91">91</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XLI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page93">How a man may go furdest and longest in those - countreis as hereafter ben rehersed</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page93">93</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XLII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page95">Of other wayes for to go by lande unto Hierusalem</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page95">95</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XLIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page97">Yet an other waye by lande toward the lande of - promission</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page97">97</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XLIV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page99">Of the faith of the Sarasins and of the booke of - their law, named Alkaron</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page99">99</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XLV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page101">Yet it treateth more of Mahomet</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page101">101</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XLVI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page104">Of the byrth of Mahomet</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page104">104</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XLVII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page107">Of the yles and divers maner of people and of - marvailous beastes</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page107">107</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XLVIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page109">Of the haven of Gene, for to go by the Sea into - divers countreys </a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page109">109</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XLIX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page115">Of the country of Job, and of the kingdome of - Caldee</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexxi" id="pagexxi"></a>[pg xxi]</span></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page115">115</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">L.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page117">Of the kingdome of Amazony whereas dwelleth - none but women</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page117">117</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page119">Of the lande of Ethiope</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page119">119</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page121">Of Inde the more, and Inde y<sup>e</sup> lesse, and of - diamonds, and small people and other things</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page121">121</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page123">Of divers kingdomes and yles which are in the land - of Inde</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page123">123</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LIV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page130">Of the kingdome of Mabarō</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page130">130</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page134">Of a great countrey called Lamozy where the people - go all naked</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page134">134</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LVI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page137">Of the countrey and yle named Jana which is a - mighty land</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page137">137</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LVII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page138">Of the kingdome of Pathen or Salmasse which is - a goodly lande</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page138">138</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LVIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page140">Of the kingedome of Talonach, the king thereof - hath many wyves</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page140">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LIX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page143">Of the ylande called Raso where men be hanged - as sone as they are sicke</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page143">143</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page144">Of the ylande of Melke wherein dwelleth evill people</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page144">144</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page146">Of an ylande named Macumeran whereas the - people have heads lyke houndes</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page146">146</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page149">Of a great yland called Dodin wher are many - divers men of evil condicions</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page149">149</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page153">Of the kingdome named Mancy, which is the best - kingedome of the world</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page153">153</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXIV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page156">Of the lande of Pygmeen, wherein dwell but smal - people of three spanne long</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page156">156</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page158">Of the citie of Menke wher a great navy is</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page158">158</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXVI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page158">Of the lande named Cathay & of y<sup>e</sup> great riches - thereof</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page158">158</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXVII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page159">Of a great citie named Cadon wherein is the great - Caanes palaice and sege</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page159">159</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXVIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page163">Wherfore that the Emperoure of Cathay is called - y<sup>e</sup> great Caane </a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page163">163</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXIX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page165">How the great Caane was hid under a tree, and so - escaped his enemies because of a bird</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page165">165</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page166">Of the great Caanes letters and the writing about - his seale</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page166">166</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page167">Of the governaunce of the country of the great - Caane</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexxii" id="pagexxii"></a>[pg xxii]</span></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page167">167</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page170">Of the great riches of y<sup>e</sup> Emperour and of his - dispending</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page170">170</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page171">Of the ordinaunce of the Lordes of y<sup>e</sup> Emperour - when he rideth from one countrey to an - other to warre</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page171">171</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXIV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page172">How the Empyre of the great Caane is departed - into 12 provinces and how that they doe cast - ensense in the fyre wher y<sup>e</sup> great Caane passeth - thorough the Cities and townes, in worship - of the Emperour</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page172">172</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page173">How the great Caane is the myghtiest lord of - all the world</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page173">173</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXVI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page174">Yet of other maners of his countrey</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page174">174</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXVII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page175">How the Emperour is brought unto his grave - when he is dead</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page175">175</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXVIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page176">When the Emperour is dead how they chose - and make an other</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page176">176</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXIX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page177">What countries and kingedomes lye next to the - lande of Cathay and the frontes thereof</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page177">177</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page179">Of other wayes comming fro Cathay toward - the Grekes sea, and also of the Emperour of - Percey</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page179">179</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXXI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page180">Of the lande of Armony, which is a good land, - and of the land of Middy</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page180">180</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXXII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page181">Of the Kingdome of George and Abcan and many - marvayles</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page181">181</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXXIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page182">Of the land of Turkey, and divers other countreys, - and of the lande of Mesopotamy</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page182">182</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXXIV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page183">Of divers countreys, kingdomes and yles, and - marvayles beyond the land of Cathay</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page183">183</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXXV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page186">Of the land of Bactry and of many Griffons and - other beastes</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page186">186</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXXVI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page187">Of the way for to goe to Prester John's lande, - which is Emperour of Inde</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page187">187</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXXVII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page190">Of the fayth and belyefe of Prester John, but - he hath not all the full beliefe as we haue</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page190">190</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXXVIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page191">Of an other yland where also dwelleth good - people therein and is called Sinople</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexxiii" id="pagexxiii"></a>[pg xxiii]</span></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page191">191</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">LXXXIX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page193">Of two other yles, one is called Pitan wherein be - little men that eat no meate, and in an other - yle are the men all rough of fethers</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page193">193</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XC.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page194">Of a rich man in Prester John's lād named Catolonapes - and of his gardeine</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page194">194</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XCI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page196">Of a marvailous valey that is beside the river of - Phison</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page196">196</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XCII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page198">Of an yland wherin dwell people as great as - gyants of 28 or 30 foote of length and other - things</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page198">198</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XCIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page199">Of women which make great sorow as their - children are borne and great joy when they are - dead</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page199">199</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XCIV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page200">Of an yland where men wed their owne daughters - and kinswomē</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page200">200</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XCV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page202">Of an other yland wherein dwell full good people - and true</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page202">202</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XCVI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page203">How King Alexander sent his men thither for to - winne the land</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page203">203</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XCVII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page204">How the Emperour Prester John when he goeth - to batayle he hath iii Crosses borne before him - of gold</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page204">204</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XCVIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page205">Of the most dwelling place of Prester John in a - citie called Suse</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page205">205</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">XCIX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page207">Of the wilderness wherein groweth the trees of - the sonne and the moone</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page207">207</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">C.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page208">Of a great yland and Kingdome called Taprobane</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page208">208</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">CI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page209">Of two other yles, one is called Orel, and the other - Argete, where are many gold mynes</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page209">209</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">CII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page210">Of y<sup>e</sup> darke country and hyls and roches of stone - nigh to Paradise</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page210">210</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">CIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page211">A little of Paradise Terrestre</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page211">211</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">CIV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page213">How Prester Johns land lieth fote against fote to - England</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page213">213</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">CV.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page214">Of the Kingdome of Ryboth</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page214">214</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">CVI.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page216">Of a rich man that is neither King, Prince, Duke - ne Erle</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page216">216</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">CVII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page217">How of all these lands, yles, and kingdomes, and - the men thereof afore rehersed haue some of - the articles of our faith</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page217">217</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">CVIII.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page218">How John Maundevyl leveth many mervayles unwritten - and the cause therefore</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="pagexxiv" id="pagexxiv"></a>[pg xxiv]</span></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page218">218</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="right">CIX.</td> - <td class="left"><a class="toc" href="#page219"> What time John Maundevil departed out of England</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page219">219</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="left1" colspan="2"><p class="center"><a class="toc" href="#page221"><br class="b30" />APPENDIX.</a></p> - <a class="toc" href="#page221">The journall of Frier Odoricus.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page224a">Of the maners of the Chaldeans, and of India.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page226a">How peper is had: and where it groweth.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page229">Of a strange and uncouth idole: & of certaine customes and ceremonies.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page232a">Of certaine trees yeelding meale, honey, and poyson.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page234a">Of the abundance of fishes which cast themselues upon the shore.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page236a">Of the Island of Sylan: and of the mountaine where Adam mourned for his sonne Abel.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page239">Of the upper India: and of the province of Mancy.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page241a">Of the citie of Fuco.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page243a">Of a Monastery where many strange beastes of divers kindes doe live upon an hill.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page246a">Of the citie of Cambaleth.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page249">Of the glory and magnificence of the great Can.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page251a">Of certain Innes or hospitals appointed for traveilers throughout the whole empire.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page253">Of the foure feasts which the great Can solemnizeth euery yeere in his court.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page255">Of divers provinces and cities.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page257">Of a certaine riche man, who is fed and nourished by 50 virgins.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page259a">Of the death of Senex de monte.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page261a">Of the honour and reverence done unto the great Can.</a><br /> - —<a class="toc" href="#page263a">Of the death of frier Odoricus.</a> - </td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page221">221</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr> - <td class="left" colspan="2"><a class="toc" href="#page267">Extra Plates in Illustration of the Book</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page267">267</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - - <td class="left" colspan="2"><a class="toc" href="#page277">List of the Editions in the British Museum</a></td> - <td class="right"><a href="#page277">277</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/xxiv-200.png"><img src="images/xxiv-100.png" width="100" height="83" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page1" id="page1"></a>[pg 1]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a href="images/001-1000.png"><img src="images/001-600.png" width="600" height="120" alt="glyph" /></a></div> - -<h2><span class="oes">The Voiage and Travayle of Syr -John Maundeville, Knight.</span></h2> - -<p class="ind1"><span class="outdent"><i>Here beginneth</i></span> <i>a lyttle treatise or boke, named John -Maundevile Knight, borne in England in the towne of -Sainct Albone, & speaketh of the wayes to Hierusalem, -to Inde, and to the greate Cane,<a id="footnotetagvoy1" name="footnotetagvoy1"></a><a href="#footnotevoy1"><sup>1</sup></a> and also to Prester Johns -land, & to many other countreys, & also of many marvailes -that are in the holy Lande.</i></p> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/001-f-100.png" width="100" height="97" alt="F" /></div> -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="upper-case">FOR</span> - AS MUCH as the lande over the sea, -that is to say, the holy land, that men cal -the land of Behest,<a id="footnotetagvoy2" name="footnotetagvoy2"></a><a href="#footnotevoy2"><sup>2</sup></a> among all other lands -is most worthy & Soveraine, for it is -blessed, halowed, and sacred of the precious bloud of -our Lord <span class="sc">Jesu Christ</span>, in the which land, it liked -him to take flesh and bloud of the Virgin Mary, & -to environ that lande with his owne feete, and there -he wold do many myracles, preach and teach the fayth -and the law of Christen men, as unto his children, & -there he would suffer many reprouves and scornes for us, -and he that was King of heaven and hell, of ayre, of sea, -of lande, and of all things that are contained in them, -wold alonely<a id="footnotetagvoy3" name="footnotetagvoy3"></a><a href="#footnotevoy3"><sup>3</sup></a> be called King of that land, when he sayde, -<i>Rex sum Judeorum</i>, I am King of Jewes: For that tyme -was that lande of Jewes, and that lande he chose before -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page2" id="page2"></a>[pg 2]</span> -all other landes, as the best & most worthy of vertues -of all the world. And as the Philosopher sayth, <i>Virtus -rerum in medio consistit</i>. That is to say, the vertue of -things is in the midst: and in that lande he would leade -his lyfe, and suffer passion and death of the Jewes for -us, to save and deliver us from the paines of hell, and -from deathe without ende, the which was ordeyned to us -for the sinne of our father Adam, and our owne synnes -also, for as for himself he had none evil done ne<a id="footnotetagvoy4" name="footnotetagvoy4"></a><a href="#footnotevoy4"><sup>4</sup></a> deserved, -for he never thought ne dyd any evyll, for he that was -King of Glory and of joy might best in that place suffer -death. For he that will do any thinge that he will haue -knowen openly, he wyll proclayme it openly in the -myddle place of a towne or of a citie, so that it may bee -knowne to all parties of the citie, so he that was King of -glory and of all the worlde would suffer death for us at -Hierusalem, which is in the mydst of the worlde, so that -it might be knowen to all nations of the worlde how -deare he bought man, that he made with his handes in -his owne likenesse, for the great loue that he had to us. -Ah dere God, what love he had to his subjects, when he -that had done no trespasse, would for us trespassours -suffer death: for a more worthy catell<a id="footnotetagvoy5" name="footnotetagvoy5"></a><a href="#footnotevoy5"><sup>5</sup></a> he might not -have sette for us, then his owne blessed bodie and his -owne precious bloud the which he suffered for us: right -wel ought men to love, worship dreade, and serve such -a Lord, and prayse such an holy lande that brought -forth a lord of such fruite, through the which eche man -is saved but if it be his own defaute. This is that -lande prepared for an heritage to us, and in that lande -would he dye as seased,<a id="footnotetagvoy6" name="footnotetagvoy6"></a><a href="#footnotevoy6"><sup>6</sup></a> to leaue it to his children. For -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page3" id="page3"></a>[pg 3]</span> -the which eche good Chrysten man that may & hath -wherewith, should strengthen him for to conquere our -righte heritage, and purchace<a id="footnotetagvoy7" name="footnotetagvoy7"></a><a href="#footnotevoy7"><sup>7</sup></a> out of the evill peoples -handes: for we are cleped<a id="footnotetagvoy8" name="footnotetagvoy8"></a><a href="#footnotevoy8"><sup>8</sup></a> christen men of Christ our -father, and if we be the ryght children of Christ, we -oughte to challenge the heritage that our father lefte us -& take it out of straunge mens handes. But now -Pryde, Covetyse and Envy hath so inflamed the hearts -of the lordes of the worlde, that they are more busy for -to disheryte theyr neighbours than to challenge or conquere -their right heritage aforesayde. And the common -people that would put their bodies and theyr catell for -to conquere our heritage, they may not do so without -lordes: for assembling of the people without a chiefe -lorde, is as a flocke of sheepe without a sheepherd, the -which depart asunder, and wot not whether they shall go. -But would<a id="footnotetagvoy9" name="footnotetagvoy9"></a><a href="#footnotevoy9"><sup>9</sup></a> God, the worldly Lordes were at a good -accorde, and with other of their common people would -take this holy voyage over the sea. I trust well that -within a little tyme our right heritage before sayd should -be reconsiled and put into the hands of the right heires -of Jesu Christ. And for as much as it is long time that -there was any general passage over the sea, and that -many men desire to here speaking of the holy lande, -and have therefore great solace and comfort, therefore -ye shall here by me John Maundevile Knight which -was borne in England in the towne of Saint Albones, -and passed the sea in the yeare of our Lord <span class="sc">Jesu -Christ a. MIII.C</span>.<a id="footnotetagvoy10" name="footnotetagvoy10"></a><a href="#footnotevoy10"><sup>10</sup></a> on the day of Sainct Michael, and -there remained long tyme, and went through many landes, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page4" id="page4"></a>[pg 4]</span> -and many provinces, kingdomes and yles, & have -passed through Turkey, and through Armony<a id="footnotetagvoy11" name="footnotetagvoy11"></a><a href="#footnotevoy11"><sup>11</sup></a> the lyttle -and the great, through Tartary, Percy,<a id="footnotetagvoy12" name="footnotetagvoy12"></a><a href="#footnotevoy12"><sup>12</sup></a> -Surre,<a id="footnotetagvoy13" name="footnotetagvoy13"></a><a href="#footnotevoy13"><sup>13</sup></a> Araby, -Egypt the high and the low, through Libie, Caldee and -a great part of Ethiope, through Amazonie through -Inde the lesse & the more a great part, and through -many other yles which are about Inde, where many -people dwelleth of divers lawes and shapes. Of the men -of which landes and yles I shall speake more plainly and -I shall devise<a id="footnotetagvoy14" name="footnotetagvoy14"></a><a href="#footnotevoy14"><sup>14</sup></a> a parte of the things what they are when -time shall be, after it may best come to my mynde & -specially for them that will, and are in purpose, for to -visite the holy citie of Hierusalem and the holy places -that are there aboute & I shall tell the way that they -shall holde<a id="footnotetagvoy15" name="footnotetagvoy15"></a><a href="#footnotevoy15"><sup>15</sup></a> thither, for I have many times passed and -ridden it with good company and with many lordes.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotevoy1" name="footnotevoy1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy1">1:</a> -Khan.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy2" name="footnotevoy2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy2">2:</a> -Promise.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy3" name="footnotevoy3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy3">3:</a> -<i>Pynson</i>, all oonly.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy4" name="footnotevoy4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy4">4:</a> -Nor.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy5" name="footnotevoy5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy5">5:</a> -Treasure, money, goods, property, possessions.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy6" name="footnotevoy6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy6">6:</a> -Possessing (seized).</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy7" name="footnotevoy7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy7">7:</a> -<i>Pynson</i>, "and <i>chase</i> out the ylle trowand."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy8" name="footnotevoy8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy8">8:</a> -Called.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy9" name="footnotevoy9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy9">9:</a> -(to) omitted.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy10" name="footnotevoy10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy10">10:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> and other authorities say MCCCXXXII.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy11" name="footnotevoy11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy11">11:</a> -Armenia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy12" name="footnotevoy12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy12">12:</a> -Persia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy13" name="footnotevoy13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy13">13:</a> -Syria.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotevoy14" name="footnotevoy14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy14">14:</a> -Relate.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotevoy15" name="footnotevoy15"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagvoy15">15:</a> -Travel or journey.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP: I.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>He that will go toward Hierusalem on horse, on foote, or -by sea.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>N the name of God Almightie. He that will passe -over the sea, he may go many wayes both by sea -and by lande, after the countreys that he cometh from, -and many of them cometh to one ende, but think not -that I will tell all the townes, cities & castelles that men -shall goe by, for then I should make to long a tale, but -only some countries and most principall cities and townes -that men shall go by and through to go the right way.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page5" id="page5"></a>[pg 5]</span></p> - -<p>First, if a man come from the west side of the worlde -as England, Ireland, Wales, Scotland and Norway, he -may if he wyl, go through Almayne<a id="footnotetagcpi1" name="footnotetagcpi1"></a><a href="#footnotecpi1"><sup>1</sup></a> and throughout the -Kingdome of Hungary, which Kinge is a great lord and -a mightie, and holdeth many landes & great, for he -holdeth the land of Hungarie, Savoy,<a id="footnotetagcpi2" name="footnotetagcpi2"></a><a href="#footnotecpi2"><sup>2</sup></a> -Camonie,<a id="footnotetagcpi3" name="footnotetagcpi3"></a><a href="#footnotecpi3"><sup>3</sup></a> a great -part of Bulgary, that men call the land of Bugres, and a -great part of the Kingdome of Rossie,<a id="footnotetagcpi4" name="footnotetagcpi4"></a><a href="#footnotecpi4"><sup>4</sup></a> and that lasteth -to the land of Mifland,<a id="footnotetagcpi5" name="footnotetagcpi5"></a><a href="#footnotecpi5"><sup>5</sup></a> -and marcheth on Siprus,<a id="footnotetagcpi5a" name="footnotetagcpi5a"></a><a href="#footnotecpi5"><sup>5</sup></a> and -men passe thus through the land of Hungary and through -the Citie that men call Cipanum,<a id="footnotetagcpi6" name="footnotetagcpi6"></a><a href="#footnotecpi6"><sup>6</sup></a> and through the castell -of Nuburgh,<a id="footnotetagcpi7" name="footnotetagcpi7"></a><a href="#footnotecpi7"><sup>7</sup></a> -and by the yll Torwe,<a id="footnotetagcpi8" name="footnotetagcpi8"></a><a href="#footnotecpi8"><sup>8</sup></a> towarde the ende of -Hungarie and so by the river of Danubie, that is a full -great ryver and goeth into Almayne, under the hilles of -Lumbardy, and it taketh into him 40 other ryvers and it -runneth throughout Hungary and through Cresses<a id="footnotetagcpi9" name="footnotetagcpi9"></a><a href="#footnotecpi9"><sup>9</sup></a> and -Crochie,<a id="footnotetagcpi9a" name="footnotetagcpi9a"></a><a href="#footnotecpi9"><sup>9</sup></a> and goeth into the sea so strongely and -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page6" id="page6"></a>[pg 6]</span> -with so great might that the water is freshe xxx<a id="footnotetagcpi10" name="footnotetagcpi10"></a><a href="#footnotecpi10"><sup>10</sup></a> myle -within the sea and afterwards go men to Belgrave<a id="footnotetagcpi11" name="footnotetagcpi11"></a><a href="#footnotecpi11"><sup>11</sup></a> and -entereth the lande of Bugres and there pass men a bridge -of stone that is over the river Marrock,<a id="footnotetagcpi12" name="footnotetagcpi12"></a><a href="#footnotecpi12"><sup>12</sup></a> and so men passe -through the lande of Pinseras<a id="footnotetagcpi13" name="footnotetagcpi13"></a><a href="#footnotecpi13"><sup>13</sup></a> and come to Grece to the -citie of Stermis,<a id="footnotetagcpi14" name="footnotetagcpi14"></a><a href="#footnotecpi14"><sup>14</sup></a> -and to the citie of Affinpane,<a id="footnotetagcpi15" name="footnotetagcpi15"></a><a href="#footnotecpi15"><sup>15</sup></a> that was -sometime called Bradre<a id="footnotetagcpi16" name="footnotetagcpi16"></a><a href="#footnotecpi16"><sup>16</sup></a> the noble and so to the citie of -Constantinople that was sometime called Bessameron<a id="footnotetagcpi17" name="footnotetagcpi17"></a><a href="#footnotecpi17"><sup>17</sup></a> -and there dwelleth commonly the Emperor of Grece.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/006-1000.png"><img src="images/006-500.png" width="500" height="351" alt="Justinian the Emperour" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page7" id="page7"></a>[pg 7]</span></p> - -<p>At Constantinople is the best and the fairest church -of the worlde, and it is of sainct Steven.<a id="footnotetagcpi18" name="footnotetagcpi18"></a><a href="#footnotecpi18"><sup>18</sup></a> And before -this church is a gylte image of Justinian the Emperour, -and it is sitting upon an horse and crowned, and it was -wont to holde a round appell<a id="footnotetagcpi19" name="footnotetagcpi19"></a><a href="#footnotecpi19"><sup>19</sup></a> in his hand, & men say -there that it is a token that the Emperour hath lost a -part of his landes, for the appell is fallen out of the -images hand: and also he hath lost a great parte of his -lordshippe. For he was wont to be Emperour of Rome, -of Grece, and of all Asia the lesse, of Surry, and of the -land of Jude,<a id="footnotetagcpi20" name="footnotetagcpi20"></a><a href="#footnotecpi20"><sup>20</sup></a> in the which is Jerusalem, & of the land -of Egipt, of Percie & Arabia, but he hath lost all but -Grece, and that lande he holdeth all onely. Men would -put the appell in the images hande, but it will not holde -it. This appell betokeneth the lordship that he had over -all the world, and the other hand he lifteth up against -the East,<a id="footnotetagcpi21" name="footnotetagcpi21"></a><a href="#footnotecpi21"><sup>21</sup></a> -in token to manasse<a id="footnotetagcpi22" name="footnotetagcpi22"></a><a href="#footnotecpi22"><sup>22</sup></a> misdoers. This image -standeth upon a pyller of marble.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/007-1000.png"><img src="images/007-500.png" width="500" height="331" alt="relics at Constantinople...." /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page8" id="page8"></a>[pg 8]</span></p> - -<p>At Constantinople is the crosse of our Lord and his cote -without seame, the sponge and the rede with which the -Jewes gave our Lord gall to drinke on the Crosse, and -there is one of the nayles that our Lorde Jesu Christ -was nayled with to the Crosse. Some men think that -halfe the Crosse of Christ be in Cipres in an Abbey of -Monkes, that men call the hill of the holy crosse, but it -is not so, for the crosse that is in Cipres is the crosse on -which Dysmas<a id="footnotetagcpi23" name="footnotetagcpi23"></a><a href="#footnotecpi23"><sup>23</sup></a> the good theefe was hanged, but all men -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page9" id="page9"></a>[pg 9]</span> -wot<a id="footnotetagcpi24" name="footnotetagcpi24"></a><a href="#footnotecpi24"><sup>24</sup></a> not that, & that is evil done but for the getting of -the offering they say that it is the crosse of our Lorde, -and ye shall understande that the crosse of our Lorde -Jesus Christ was made of foure maner of trees, as it is -conteyned in this verse following.</p> - -<p class="title"><i>In cruce fit Palma, Cedrus, et Cypressus, Oliva.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/009-1000.png"><img src="images/009-500.png" width="500" height="343" alt="the cross made from palm, cedar, cyprus and olive wood" /></a></div> - -<p>For the piece that went ryght up from the earth unto -the head was of Cipres, and the piece that went overthwart, -to the which his handes were nayled, was of -Palme, and the stock that stood within the earth in the -which they had made a morteys, was of Cedre, and the -table aboue his head was a foote and a half long, on -which y<sup>e</sup> tytle was written, y<sup>t</sup> was of Olyve. Y<sup>e</sup> Jewes -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page10" id="page10"></a>[pg 10]</span> -made this crosse of these foure maner of trees for they -thought y<sup>t</sup> our Lord shold have hanged as long as y<sup>e</sup> -crosse might last, therefore they made the foote of -Cedre, for Ceder may not in the erth ne<a id="footnotetagcpi25" name="footnotetagcpi25"></a><a href="#footnotecpi25"><sup>25</sup></a> in water rot; -they thought that the body of Christ shold have stonken, -they made the piece y<sup>t</sup> went from the yearth upwarde of -Cipres so that the smell of his body shold greve no man -that came by, and that overthwart was made of Palme -in signification of Victory. And the table of the tytle -was made of Olive, for it betokeneth peace, as the story -of Noe witnesseth, when y<sup>e</sup> dove brought y<sup>e</sup> braunch of -Olive that betokened peace made between God and man. -And you also shal understande, that the Christen men -that dwell over the sea, say that the pece of the Crosse -that we call Cipres was of the tree that Adam eate the -appell of, and so finde they written, and they say also -that their scripture saith, that when Adam was sicke he -sayd to his son Seth that he shold go to Paradise and -pray that the Aungel that kepeth Paradise, y<sup>t</sup> he wold -send him oyle of the tree of mercy for to anoynte him -that he might have health, & Seth went, but the -Aungel would not let him com in at the gate, but said -unto him that he might not have y<sup>e</sup> oyle of mercy, but -he took him three carnels<a id="footnotetagcpi26" name="footnotetagcpi26"></a><a href="#footnotecpi26"><sup>26</sup></a> of the same tree that his -father eate the appell of, and bad him as sone as his -father was dead, that he should put these carnels under -his tongue and bury him, and he did so, and of these -three carnels sprang a tree, as the Angel sayd and when -the tree bare fruite, then shold Adam be made whole. -And when Seth came againe and founde his father dead, -he did with the carnels as the Aungell commaunded him, -of the which came three trees, whereof a crosse was -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page11" id="page11"></a>[pg 11]</span> -made that bare good fruite, that is to say, our saviour -Jesu Christ, through whom Adam and all that came of -him should be saved and delivered from everlasting -death, but<a id="footnotetagcpi27" name="footnotetagcpi27"></a><a href="#footnotecpi27"><sup>27</sup></a> -if it be their owne defaute.<a id="footnotetagcpi28" name="footnotetagcpi28"></a><a href="#footnotecpi28"><sup>28</sup></a> This holy -crosse had the Jewes hid under the earth in y<sup>e</sup> rock of -the mount of Calvery, & it laye there two hundreth -yeares and more, as they say, unto the tyme that Saint -Elene found it, the which Saint Elene was daughter of -Coel King of Englande, that then was called Britaine, -and after maried to Constantius, fyrst Consul and after -Emperour of Rome, who had by hir issue Constantine -the great, born in England and afterward Emperour of -Rome, which Constantine turned the name of Bezansium -into Constantinople, he reedified that citie, and made it -monarcall seate of all Europa and Asia Minor. Also -ye shall understande that the crosse of our Lord was in -length viii cubites and that the piece that went overthwart -was three cubites<a id="footnotetagcpi29" name="footnotetagcpi29"></a><a href="#footnotecpi29"><sup>29</sup></a> and a halfe.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/011-1000.png"><img src="images/011-500.png" width="500" height="352" alt="A part of the crowne of our Lord Jesu...." /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page12" id="page12"></a>[pg 12]</span></p> - -<p>A part of the crowne of our Lord Jesu wherewith he -was crowned & one of the nayles, and the speare head -and many other reliques are in France at Paris in the -chapell of the King, and the crowne lyeth in a vessell of -cristall wel dight and richly, for y<sup>e</sup> French King bought -these reliques sometime of the Jewes, to whome the -Emperour had laid them to pledge for a great sume of -golde. And although men say that this Crowne was of -thornes—ye shall understand that it was of Jonkes<a id="footnotetagcpi30" name="footnotetagcpi30"></a><a href="#footnotecpi30"><sup>30</sup></a> of -the sea, which be white and pricketh as sharp as thornes, -for I have seene and beheld many times that at Paris, -and that at Constantinople, for they were both of one, -and made of Jonkis of the sea. But men have departed -him in two partes, of the which one parte is at Paris, and -the other part at Constantinople, and I haue a point -thereof that seemeth a white thorne, and that was given -me for a great friendeship—for there are many of them -broken and fallen into the vessell, when they shew the -Crowne to great men or lordes that come theither. And -ye shall understande that our Lord in that night that he -was taken, he was led into a garden, and there he was -examined sharply, & there the Jewes crowned him with -a crown of abbespine<a id="footnotetagcpi31" name="footnotetagcpi31"></a><a href="#footnotecpi31"><sup>31</sup></a> braunches that grew in the same -garden & set it on his head so fast, that the blood came -downe by many places of his visage, necke, and shoulders, -and therefore hath the abbespine many vertues, for he that -beareth a braunche of it about him, no thunder, nor any -maner of tempest may hurt him, nor the house that it is -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page13" id="page13"></a>[pg 13]</span> -in may no evill ghost come, nor in no place where it is. -And in that same garden Sainct Peter denied our Lord -thrise. And afterward was our Lord led before the Bishop -and ministers of the lawe into another gardein of Anne<a id="footnotetagcpi32" name="footnotetagcpi32"></a><a href="#footnotecpi32"><sup>32</sup></a> -and there was he examined, scorned & crowned efte<a id="footnotetagcpi33" name="footnotetagcpi33"></a><a href="#footnotecpi33"><sup>33</sup></a> with -a swete thorn that men called barbareus<a id="footnotetagcpi34" name="footnotetagcpi34"></a><a href="#footnotecpi34"><sup>34</sup></a> that grew in -the same gardein and that hath many vertues. And -afterward he was led to a gardein of Caiphas, and there -he was crowned again with eglentine,<a id="footnotetagcpi35" name="footnotetagcpi35"></a><a href="#footnotecpi35"><sup>35</sup></a> and after that he -was led to a chamber of Pilate & there he was crowned, -and the Jewes set him in a chaire and clad him in a mantell -of purpure<a id="footnotetagcpi36" name="footnotetagcpi36"></a><a href="#footnotecpi36"><sup>36</sup></a> and then made they a crowne of Jonkes of -the sea and there they kneled to him & scorned him -saying <i>Ave rex Judeorum</i>. That is to say, haile King of -Jewes. And of this crowne, halfe is in Paris and the -other halfe at Constantinople, the which our Saviour -Jesu Christ hadde on his head, when he was nayled on -the crosse, and therefore shall men honour and worship -it, and holde it more worthy then any of the other. And -the speare shaft hath the Emperour of Almaine, but the -head which was put in his side is at Paris they say, in -the holy chappell, and oft tymes sayth the Emperour of -Constantinople, that he hath the speare head & I have -often seen it, but it is greater than that at Paris. Also -at Constantinople lyeth Sainct Anne our ladie's mother, -whom Saint Elene caused to be brought from Hierusalem, -and there lieth also the body of Saint John -Chrisostome that was bishop of Constantinople. There -lyeth also sainct Luke the Evangelist, for his bones were -brought from Bethany where he was buried: and many -other relyques are there, and there is of the vessell of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page14" id="page14"></a>[pg 14]</span> -stone as it were marble, which men call Idryus, that evermore -droppeth water & fylleth himselfe every yeare once. -And ye shall wete that Constantinople is a fayre citie -and well walled & it is three cornered, and there is an -arme of the sea that men call Hellespon, and some men -call it the bunch<a id="footnotetagcpi37" name="footnotetagcpi37"></a><a href="#footnotecpi37"><sup>37</sup></a> of Constantinople and some call it the -brace<a id="footnotetagcpi38" name="footnotetagcpi38"></a><a href="#footnotecpi38"><sup>38</sup></a> of sainct George, and this water encloseth two -partes of the citie, and upward to the sea upon that -water was wont to be the great citie of Troy in a fayre -plaine, but that citie was destroyed by the Grekes.</p> - -<blockquote><p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpi1" name="footnotecpi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi1">1:</a> -Germany.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi2" name="footnotecpi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi2">2:</a> -Sclavonia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi3" name="footnotecpi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi3">3:</a> -Comania may now be placed as being on the north-west side of the Caspian Sea.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi4" name="footnotecpi4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi4">4:</a> -Or Rosia, was Russia proper, by the Baltic; the huge Empire now so termed being then called Muscovy.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi5" name="footnotecpi5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi5">5:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says Nyflond, and in some MSS. it is written indifferently -Nyfland, Nyflond, Nislan, and Neflond; but I have no doubt -but that by it is meant Livonia, as is explained Apian's <i>Cosmographie</i>: -"qui est la derniere Province d'Alemaigne, et de la Chrestiété, -vulgairement appelee Liefland;" and this is the more likely -as Siprus is spelt in <i>Pynson</i> and other editions Pruysse, <i>i.e.</i>, -Prussia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi6" name="footnotecpi6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi6">6:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says Chypron, other authorities Schyppronne, Cypron, and Chippronne.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi7" name="footnotecpi7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi7">7:</a> -Neuburgh; sometimes written Neaseburghe, Newbow, or Newborewe.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi8" name="footnotecpi8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi8">8:</a> -In other editions "evyll."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi9" name="footnotecpi9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi9">9:</a> -Cresses is rendered in other editions as Grece or Greece, -but this is impossible, as also is Crochie, which <i>Pynson</i> calls -Tracy, and others call Thracie or Thrace. It probably means -Croatia, and he has muddled up the Save or Sau, a tributary to the -Danube, which rises not far from Lombardy, joining the Danube -at Belgrade.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi10" name="footnotecpi10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi10">10:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> and others say 20 miles.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi11" name="footnotecpi11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi11">11:</a> -Belgrade.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi12" name="footnotecpi12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi12">12:</a> -Now called the Morava.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi13" name="footnotecpi13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi13">13:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says Pynteras, others Pyncemartz, and Pyncoras.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi14" name="footnotecpi14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi14">14:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says Sternys, others Sternes, or Scernys.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi15" name="footnotecpi15"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi15">15:</a> -Written elsewhere Affynpayn, Assynpayn, and ad fines Epapie.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi16" name="footnotecpi16"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi16">16:</a> -This will best explain the difficulty of placing the localities, for this means Adrianople.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi17" name="footnotecpi17"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi17">17:</a> -Byzantium, the ancient name for Constantinople, the seat of the Western Empire.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi18" name="footnotecpi18"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi18">18:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> has Sophy, now the Mosque of St Sophia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi19" name="footnotecpi19"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi19">19:</a> -Probably an orb.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi20" name="footnotecpi20"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi20">20:</a> -Judæa.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi21" name="footnotecpi21"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi21">21:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says West, but others give East.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi22" name="footnotecpi22"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi22">22:</a> -Menace.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi23" name="footnotecpi23"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi23">23:</a> -The names of the penitent and impenitent thieves vary slightly -in different accounts. In the Apocryphal book of Nicodemus, cap. -7, vv. 10, 11, they are thus given: "But one of the two thieves -who were crucified with Jesus, whose name was Gestas, said to -Jesus, If thou art the Christ, deliver thyself and us. But the thief -who was crucified on his right hand, whose name was Dimas, -answering, rebuked him, and said, Dost thou not fear God, who art -condemned to this punishment? We indeed receive rightly and -justly the demerit of our actions: but this Jesus, what evil hath he -done?"</p> - -<p class="footnote1c">But in the Apocryphal book, I. Infancy, cap. 8, vv. 1-7 (a -Nestorian and Gnostic book), the names are given differently: "In -their journey from hence they came into a desert country, and were -told it was infested with robbers; so Joseph and St. Mary prepared -to pass through it in the night.</p> - -<p class="footnote1c">And, as they were going along, behold they saw two robbers -asleep in the road, and with them a great number of robbers, who -were their confederates, also asleep.</p> - -<p class="footnote1c">The names of those two were Titus and Dumachus; and Titus -said to Dumachus, I beseech thee let those persons go along -quietly, that our company may not perceive any thing of them;</p> - -<p class="footnote1c">But Dumachus refusing, Titus again said, I will give thee forty -groats, and as a pledge, take my girdle, which he gave him before -he had done speaking, that he might not open his mouth, or make -a noise.</p> - -<p class="footnote1c">When the Lady St. Mary saw the kindness which this robber did -show them, she said to him, The Lord God will receive thee to his -right hand, and grant thee pardon of thy sins.</p> - -<p class="footnote1c">Then the Lord Jesus answered and said to his mother, When -thirty years are expired, O Mother, the Jews will crucify me at -Jerusalem.</p> - -<p class="footnote1c">And these two thieves shall be with me at the same time upon -the cross, Titus on my right hand, and Dumachus on my left, and -from that time Titus shall go before me into Paradise."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi24" name="footnotecpi24"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi24">24:</a> -Know.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi25" name="footnotecpi25"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi25">25:</a> -Nor.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi26" name="footnotecpi26"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi26">26:</a> -Kernels—another edition says Greynes.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi27" name="footnotecpi27"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi27">27:</a> -Except.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi28" name="footnotecpi28"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi28">28:</a> -Fault.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi29" name="footnotecpi29"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi29">29:</a> -This measure varied. It was generally accepted as being the length of a man's arm from the elbow to the extremity of the little -finger. The Roman cubit is usually reckoned as 17-4/10 in., the Scriptural cubit at 22 in., and the English cubit at 18 in.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi30" name="footnotecpi30"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi30">30:</a> -Rushes. <i>Juncus Maritimus.</i></p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi31" name="footnotecpi31"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi31">31:</a> -Albespine—probably meant for <i>White thorn</i>.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi32" name="footnotecpi32"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi32">32:</a> -Annas.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi33" name="footnotecpi33"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi33">33:</a> -Again.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi34" name="footnotecpi34"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi34">34:</a> -? <i>berberis</i>.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi35" name="footnotecpi35"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi35">35:</a> -Honeysuckle.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi36" name="footnotecpi36"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi36">36:</a> -Purple.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpi37" name="footnotecpi37"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi37">37:</a> -<i>Bouche</i>, the mouth.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpi38" name="footnotecpi38"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpi38">38:</a> -Arm. <i>Lat.</i> <i>brachium</i>, as we should say, an arm of the sea.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP: II.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of the Ilandes of Grece.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/014-1000.png"><img src="images/014-500.png" width="500" height="343" alt="abstract 'sun-high mountain'" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>BOUT Grece be many yles that men cal Calastre,<a id="footnotetagcpii1" name="footnotetagcpii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpii1"><sup>1</sup></a> -Calcas Settygo, Thoysoria, Mynona, Faxton, Molo, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page15" id="page15"></a>[pg 15]</span> -Carparte and Lempne, and in this yle is mount Athos -that passeth the clowdes & there are divers speaches -and many countries that are obedient to the Emperour -of Constantinople, that is to say Turcoply, Pyncy, Narde, -Comage and many other, Tracy & Macedony, of which -Alexander was king. In this countrey was Aristotle -borne, in a citie that men call Strages, a little from the -citie of Tragie, & at Strages is Aristotle buried, and -there is an aulter on his tombe, and there they make a -greate feast every yeare as he were a saint, & upon his -aulter the lordes holde their great counsayles and assemblies -and they think, that through the inspiration of -God & him, they should have the better councill. In -this countrey are right highe hilles, there is an hill that -men call Olimphus that departeth Macedonie and Tracy, -and is as high as the cloudes, and the other hill that -men call Athos is so highe, that the shadow of him -stretcheth unto Olimphus and it is neare lxxvii myle -between, and above that hill is the aire so cleere, that -men may fele no wynde there, and therefore may no -beast live there the ayre is so drye, and men say in the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page16" id="page16"></a>[pg 16]</span> -countrey that Philosophers somtyme went up to these -same hilles and helde to their noses a sponge wet with -water for to have ayre, for the ayre was so drye there -& above in the pouder<a id="footnotetagcpii2" name="footnotetagcpii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpii2"><sup>2</sup></a> of the hill they wrote letters -with their fingers, and at the yeares ende they came -againe and found those letters which they had written -the yeare before without any defaute,<a id="footnotetagcpii3" name="footnotetagcpii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpii3"><sup>3</sup></a> and therefore it -seemeth well that these hilles passe the cloudes to y<sup>e</sup> -pure aire.</p> - -<p>At Constantinople is the Emperours palaice which is -fayre and well dight,<a id="footnotetagcpii4" name="footnotetagcpii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpii4"><sup>4</sup></a> -and therein is a palaice for justing,<a id="footnotetagcpii5" name="footnotetagcpii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpii5"><sup>5</sup></a> -and it is made about with stages that eche man may -well see and none greve,<a id="footnotetagcpii6" name="footnotetagcpii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpii6"><sup>6</sup></a> other & under these stages are -stables vauted for the Emperours horses and all the -pillers of these stables are of marble. And within the -church of Saint Sophy, an Emperour wold haue layd -the body of his father when he was dead, and as they -made the grave they found a body in the earth & upon -that body lay a great plate of fine gold & there upon -was written in Ebrew, Greke & Latin letters that sayde -thus: <i>Jesus Christus nascetur de virgine Marie, et ego -credo in eum</i>. That is to say, Jesu Christ shal be borne -of the Virgin Mary & I believe in him. And the date -was that it lay in the earthe 200<a id="footnotetagcpii7" name="footnotetagcpii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpii7"><sup>7</sup></a> yeare before our Lord -Jesu Christ was borne, and yet is that plate in the -treasory of the Church, and men say that it was Hermogenes<a id="footnotetagcpii8" name="footnotetagcpii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpii8"><sup>8</sup></a> -the wise man. And neverthelesse if it be so -that men of Grece be Christen, yet they vary from our -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page17" id="page17"></a>[pg 17]</span> -fayth, for they say that the holy ghoste commeth not -out of the sonne, but all onely of the father, and as they -are not obedient to the Church of Rome, nor to the -Pope, and they saye that theyr Patryarkes haue as much -power over the sea, as the Pope hath on this syde the -sea. And therefore Pope John the XXII. sente letters -to them, how Christen fayth should be all one, and that -they shoulde be obedient to a pope that is Christes -Vykar in earthe, to whome God gave plaine<a id="footnotetagcpii9" name="footnotetagcpii9"></a><a href="#footnotecpii9"><sup>9</sup></a> power to -binde and to assoyle,<a id="footnotetagcpii10" name="footnotetagcpii10"></a><a href="#footnotecpii10"><sup>10</sup></a> and therefore they should be -obedient to him. And they sent him divers aunsweres, -and among other they said thus. <i>Potentiam tuam summam -circa subjectos tuos firmiter credimus. Superbitatem -tuam sustinere non possumus. Avaritiam tuam satiare -non intendimus. Dominus tecum fit, quia Dominus -nobiscum est. Vale.</i> That is to say, we beleve wel that -thy power is great upon thy subjectes. We may not -suffer thy pryde. We are not in purpose to fulfille thy -covetyse.<a id="footnotetagcpii11" name="footnotetagcpii11"></a><a href="#footnotecpii11"><sup>11</sup></a> Our Lorde be with thee, for our Lorde is -with us. Farewell. And other aunswere might not be -haue of them. And also they make theyr sacrament of -the aulter of therf bread,<a id="footnotetagcpii12" name="footnotetagcpii12"></a><a href="#footnotecpii12"><sup>12</sup></a> for our Lord made it of therf -bread when he made his maunde.<a id="footnotetagcpii13" name="footnotetagcpii13"></a><a href="#footnotecpii13"><sup>13</sup></a> -And on sherthursday<a id="footnotetagcpii14" name="footnotetagcpii14"></a><a href="#footnotecpii14"><sup>14</sup></a> -make they theyre bread in tokening of the maunde, and -they dry it at the sonne,<a id="footnotetagcpii15" name="footnotetagcpii15"></a><a href="#footnotecpii15"><sup>15</sup></a> and kepe it all the yeare & -give it to sick men instede of gods body. And they -make but one unction when they Christen Children, and -they anoynt no sick men, and they say there is no purgatory, -and soules shall haue neither joy ne payne untill -the day of dome.<a id="footnotetagcpii16" name="footnotetagcpii16"></a><a href="#footnotecpii16"><sup>16</sup></a> And they say that fornication is no -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page18" id="page18"></a>[pg 18]</span> -deadly sinne, but a kindly thing, and that men & women -shoulde wed but once, and who so weddeth more than -once theyr children are bastards and gotten in sinne, -and theyr priestes also are wedded, and they say that -usury or simony is no deadly sinne and they sell benefices -of holy churche, and so did men of other places -and is great sclaunder,<a id="footnotetagcpii17" name="footnotetagcpii17"></a><a href="#footnotecpii17"><sup>17</sup></a> for now is Simony King crowned -in holy churche, God amende it when his will is. And -they say that in Lent men should not singe masse but -on the Saterday and on the Sonday, and they fast not -the Saterday no tyme in the yeare, but if it be Christmas -or Easter even. And they suffer no man that is on this -side the Grece sea to sing at theyr aulters, and if it fall -that they do through any hap,<a id="footnotetagcpii18" name="footnotetagcpii18"></a><a href="#footnotecpii18"><sup>18</sup></a> they wash theyr aulters -as sone without tarieng with holy water, and they say -that there should be but one masse sayde at one aulter -in a day. And they say that our Lorde did neuer eate -meate but that he made a token<a id="footnotetagcpii19" name="footnotetagcpii19"></a><a href="#footnotecpii19"><sup>19</sup></a> of eating. And also -they say that we sinne deadly in shaving of our berdes, -for the berde is a token of a man, and a gift of our Lord -and they saye that we sinne in eating of beastes that -were defended<a id="footnotetagcpii20" name="footnotetagcpii20"></a><a href="#footnotecpii20"><sup>20</sup></a> in the olde lawe, as swyne, hares and -other beastes.</p> - -<p>And thus they saye that we sinne in eating of fleshe -on the dayes before Ashwednesday, and in eating of -fleshe on the Wednesdaye, and when we eate chese or -egges on the Fryday and they curse all those that eate -no fleshe on the Saterday. Also the Emperour of Constantinople -maketh the Patriarkes, Archebishoppes and -Bishoppes, and he giveth all the dignities of the churches, -and depryveth them that are unworthy, although it be so -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page19" id="page19"></a>[pg 19]</span> -that these touch not the way, nevertheless they touch -that which I haue behight<a id="footnotetagcpii21" name="footnotetagcpii21"></a><a href="#footnotecpii21"><sup>21</sup></a> to shew a parte of the custome, -maners, and diversitie of countries, and for this is -the first countrey that is discordaunt from our faithe and -letteth<a id="footnotetagcpii22" name="footnotetagcpii22"></a><a href="#footnotecpii22"><sup>22</sup></a> our faithe on this side the sea, therefore haue I -sette it here that ye may see the diversitie between our -faith & theirs, for many men haue great liking to here -speake of straunge things.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii1" name="footnotecpii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii1">1:</a> -Calliste, which Ferrarius, in his <i>Lexicon Geographicum</i> (edit. -1670), says is an island in the Ægean Sea. The other islands have -different names in different MSS., but are not worth the trouble of -identifying, except Lampne as Lemnos—where Mandeville places -Mount Athos. <i>Plutarch</i> and <i>Pliny</i> said that, in the summer -solstice this mountain projected its shadow on the market-place of -Myrina, the capital city of Lemnos, and that a brazen cow was -there erected to mark the termination of the shadow; but this is -as probable as the distance given, namely, seventy-seven miles, -which is manifestly erroneous. The spelling of the geographical -names is very bad, and renders it a difficult task to identify them: -for instance, if it were not a well-known fact that Aristoteles was -born and buried at Stagira, it would be very difficult to identify -Strages as being the same place. Again, Olimphus is used instead -of Lemnos, in connection with the shadow of Mount Athos.</p> - -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpii2" name="footnotecpii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii2">2:</a> -Powder, dust.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii3" name="footnotecpii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii3">3:</a> -Uninjured.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii4" name="footnotecpii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii4">4:</a> -Furnished.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii5" name="footnotecpii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii5">5:</a> -Jousting or tilting.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii6" name="footnotecpii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii6">6:</a> -Inconvenience.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii7" name="footnotecpii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii7">7:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> and other editions say Two thousand.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii8" name="footnotecpii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii8">8:</a> -Here the chronology is somewhat involved, as Hermogenes -lived in the time of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, <i>who was born</i> -<span class="sc">a.d.</span> 121.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii9" name="footnotecpii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii9">9:</a> -Plenary.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii10" name="footnotecpii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii10">10:</a> -Absolve.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii11" name="footnotecpii11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii11">11:</a> -Covetousness.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii12" name="footnotecpii12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii12">12:</a> -Unleavened bread.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii13" name="footnotecpii13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii13">13:</a> -Last Supper.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii14" name="footnotecpii14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii14">14:</a> -Shrove Thursday.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii15" name="footnotecpii15"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii15">15:</a> -In the sun.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii16" name="footnotecpii16"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii16">16:</a> -Doom, or the day of judgment.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii17" name="footnotecpii17"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii17">17:</a> -Scandal.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii18" name="footnotecpii18"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii18">18:</a> -If by chance they should do so.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii19" name="footnotecpii19"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii19">19:</a> -Only seemed to eat.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii20" name="footnotecpii20"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii20">20:</a> -Forbidden.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpii21" name="footnotecpii21"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii21">20:</a> -Promised.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpii22" name="footnotecpii22"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpii22">20:</a> -Hinders.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP: III.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>To come againe to Constantinople for to go toward the -holy land.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/019-1000.png"><img src="images/019-500.png" width="500" height="353" alt="tomb of Saint John the Evangelist" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">N</span>OW come we againe for to know the way from -Constantinople. He that will go through Turkey, -he goeth through the citie of Nyke,<a id="footnotetagcpiii1" name="footnotetagcpiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> and passeth through -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page20" id="page20"></a>[pg 20]</span> -the gate of Chivitot that is right highe, and it is a myle -and a halfe from Nyke, and who so wyll go by the -brache<a id="footnotetagcpiii2" name="footnotetagcpiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> of Sainct George, and by the Greeke sea there -as Sainct Nicolas lyeth, and other places. First men -come to the yle of Silo, and in that ile groweth mastike -upon small trees as plomtrees, or chery trees. And -then after men go through the ile of Pathmos, where -Saint John the Evangelist wrote the Apocalips and I do -you to wete,<a id="footnotetagcpiii3" name="footnotetagcpiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> when our Lorde Jesu Christ died, Saint -John the Evangelist was of the age of xxxii yeare and -he lived after the passion of Christ lxiii<a id="footnotetagcpiii4" name="footnotetagcpiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> year and then -died. Fro Pathmos men go to Ephesim which is a faire -citie and neare to the sea, and there died sainct John -& he was buried behind the high aulter in a tombe, and -there is a fayre church, for Christen men were wont to -holde that place, but in the tombe of sainct John is -nothing but Manna, for his body was translated<a id="footnotetagcpiii5" name="footnotetagcpiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> into -paradise, & the Turkes hold now that citie and the -church, and all Asia the lesse, & therefore is Asia the -lesse called Turkey. And ye shall understand that -sainct John did make his grave ther in his lyfe and laied -himselfe therein all quick<a id="footnotetagcpiii6" name="footnotetagcpiii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii6"><sup>6</sup></a> & therefore some say he -dyed not, but that he resteth there unto the day of -judgement, and therefore truely there is a great marvaile, -for men may see there apertly<a id="footnotetagcpiii7" name="footnotetagcpiii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii7"><sup>7</sup></a> y<sup>e</sup> earth of the tombe -many times stirre and move, as there were a quick thing -under. And from Ephesim, men go through many iles -in the sea unto the citie of Pateran<a id="footnotetagcpiii8" name="footnotetagcpiii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii8"><sup>8</sup></a> where sainct Nicolas -was borne and so to Marca<a id="footnotetagcpiii9" name="footnotetagcpiii9"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii9"><sup>9</sup></a> where he by the grace of -God was chosen Bishop, and there groweth right good -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page21" id="page21"></a>[pg 21]</span> -wyne and strong, that men call the wyne of Marca. -From thence men go to the yle of Crete, which the -Emperor gave sometime to Jonais.<a id="footnotetagcpiii10" name="footnotetagcpiii10"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii10"><sup>10</sup></a> And then men -passe through the yles of Cophos and Lango<a id="footnotetagcpiii11" name="footnotetagcpiii11"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii11"><sup>11</sup></a> of the -which yles Ipocras<a id="footnotetagcpiii12" name="footnotetagcpiii12"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii12"><sup>12</sup></a> was lord, and some say that in the -yle of Lango is Ipocras daughter in maner of a Dragon, -which is a hundred foote long as men saye, for I have -not seene it, and they of the yles call hir the lady of -the countrey, and she lyeth in an olde castell and -sheweth hir thrise in the yeare, and she doth no man -harme and she is thus changed from a damosell to a -dragon through a goddesse that men call Diana, and -men say that she shall dwell so unto the tyme that a -knighte come that is so hardy as to go to hir and kisse -hir mouthe, and then shall she tourne againe to hir owne -kinde, and be a woman, and after that she shall not live -long. And it is not long sith<a id="footnotetagcpiii13" name="footnotetagcpiii13"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii13"><sup>13</sup></a> -a knight of the Rodes<a id="footnotetagcpiii14" name="footnotetagcpiii14"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii14"><sup>14</sup></a> -that was hardy and valiant said that he would kisse hir, -and whan the Dragon began to lifte up hir head againste -him, and he saw it was so hideous, he fled awaye, and -the Dragon in hir anger bare the knight on a roche, and -of<a id="footnotetagcpiii15" name="footnotetagcpiii15"></a><a href="#footnotecpiii15"><sup>15</sup></a> -that cast him into the sea and so he was lost.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpiii1" name="footnotecpiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii1">1:</a> -? Salonika.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii2" name="footnotecpiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii2">2:</a> -See foot note, <i>ante</i>, p. 19.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii3" name="footnotecpiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii3">3:</a> -Know.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii4" name="footnotecpiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii4">4:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says 67.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii5" name="footnotecpiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii5">5:</a> -Taken up to heaven.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii6" name="footnotecpiii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii6">6:</a> -Living, alive.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii7" name="footnotecpiii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii7">7:</a> -Openly.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii8" name="footnotecpiii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii8">8:</a> -Patera, a city of Lycia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii9" name="footnotecpiii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii9">9:</a> -Myra, also in Lycia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii10" name="footnotecpiii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii10">10:</a> -The Genoese.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii11" name="footnotecpiii11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii11">11:</a> -The island of Cos.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii12" name="footnotecpiii12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii12">12:</a> -Hippocrates, the famous physician, who was born at Cos.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii13" name="footnotecpiii13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii13">13:</a> -Since.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiii14" name="footnotecpiii14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii14">14:</a> -The island of Rhodes.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpiii15" name="footnotecpiii15"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiii15">15:</a> -Off.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"> -<a href="images/021-200.png"><img src="images/021-100.png" width="100" height="82" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page22" id="page22"></a>[pg 22]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP: IIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Yet of the same Dragon.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/022-1000.png"><img src="images/022-500.png" width="500" height="354" alt="dragon" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>LSO a young man that wist not of the Dragon, -went out of a shippe and went through the yle till -he came to a Castell, and came into the cave and went -so long till he founde a chamber, and there he saw a -damosell that kemde<a id="footnotetagcpiiii1" name="footnotetagcpiiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpiiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> hir heade & loked in a mirrour, and -she had much treasure aboute hir, and he trowed<a id="footnotetagcpiiii2" name="footnotetagcpiiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpiiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> she -had been a common woman that dwelled ther to kepe -men, and he abode<a id="footnotetagcpiiii3" name="footnotetagcpiiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpiiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> the damosel, and the damosel saw -the shadowe of him in the mirrour, & she tourned toward -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page23" id="page23"></a>[pg 23]</span> -him and asked what he would, and he said he would be -hir paramoure or lemman,<a id="footnotetagcpiiii4" name="footnotetagcpiiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpiiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> and she asked him if he were -a knight, and he sayd nay, and she sayd then might he -not be hir lemman, but she bad him go againe to his -fellowes and make him knighte and come againe on the -morow and she woulde come oute of the cave and then -hee shoulde kisse hir on the mouth, and she badde him -haue no dread, for she would do him no harme, although -she semed hidious to him, she sayd it was done by inchauntment, -for she sayd that she was such as he saw -hir then, and she sayd that if he kissed hir, he should -haue all the treasure, and be hir lord, and lord of all -those yles. Then he departed from hir and went to his -fellowes in the ship, and made him knight, and came -againe on the morow to kisse the damosel, and when he -saw hir come out of the cave in forme of a dragon, he -had so great dread, that he fled to the ship, and she -folowed him, and when she saw that he tourned not -againe, she began to crye as a thing that had much -sorow, and tourned again, and sone after the knight -dyed, and sithen<a id="footnotetagcpiiii5" name="footnotetagcpiiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpiiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> hetherto might no knight see hir but -he died anon. But when a knight commeth that is so -hardy to kisse hir, he shall not dye, but he shall tourne -that damosel into hir right shape and shal be lord of the -countrey aforsayde. And from thence men go to the -yle of Rodes, the which the hospitallers held and governed, -and that they took sometime from the Emperour, -and it was wont to be called Colles<a id="footnotetagcpiiii6" name="footnotetagcpiiii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpiiii6"><sup>6</sup></a> and so yet the -Turkes call it Colles. And sainct Paule in his Epistels -writeth to them of the yle Collocenses.<a id="footnotetagcpiiii7" name="footnotetagcpiiii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpiiii7"><sup>7</sup></a> This yle is -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page24" id="page24"></a>[pg 24]</span> -nere CLxxx<a id="footnotetagcpiiii8" name="footnotetagcpiiii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpiiii8"><sup>8</sup></a> myle from Constantinople. And from this -yle of Rodes, men go into Cipres where are many vines, -the first is red and after a yeare they war all white, and -those vines that are most white, are most cleare and best -smelling, And as men passe by the way by a place -where was wont to be a great citie that men call Sathalay, -and all that countrey was lost through the folly of -a young man, for he had a faire damosell that he loved -well, and she dyed sodenly & was buried in a grave of -Marble & for the great love he hadde to hir, he went in -a nighte to hir tombe and opened it, & went and lay by -hir and when he had done he went away, & when it -came to the ende of ix monthes a voice came to him & -sayd in this maner as in the next chapter foloweth.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpiiii1" name="footnotecpiiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiiii1">1:</a> -Kemped or combed.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiiii2" name="footnotecpiiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiiii2">2:</a> -Thought.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiiii3" name="footnotecpiiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiiii3">3:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says "obeyed unto the damsell"—that is, made obeisance, or bowed to her.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiiii4" name="footnotecpiiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiiii4">4:</a> -Sweetheart.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiiii5" name="footnotecpiiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiiii5">5:</a> -Since then.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiiii6" name="footnotecpiiii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiiii6">6:</a> -From the Colossus there, a statue of Jupiter 70 cubits high, and which was accounted as one of the wonders of the world.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpiiii7" name="footnotecpiiii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiiii7">7:</a> -This is not so. The Epistle to the Colossians was addressed to the inhabitants of Colossæ, a city in Phrygia—which is clearly -shown by his referring in cap. 4, v. 13, to two neighbouring cities. "For I bear him record, that he hath a great zeal for you, and -them that are in <i>Laodicea</i>, and them in <i>Hierapolis</i>."</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpiiii8" name="footnotecpiiii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpiiii8">8:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> and others say 800.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/024-200.png"><img src="images/024-100.png" width="100" height="102" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page25" id="page25"></a>[pg 25]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP: V.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of a young man and his lemman.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/025-1000.png"><img src="images/025-500.png" width="500" height="406" alt="tomb" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">G</span>O unto the tombe of the same woman that you -hast lien by & opē it, behold well that which thou -hast begotten on hir and if thou let for to go, thou shalt -haue a great harme, and he went and opened the tombe -and there flew out an head<a id="footnotetagcpv1" name="footnotetagcpv1"></a><a href="#footnotecpv1"><sup>1</sup></a> right hideous for to see, the -which head flew all about the citie and countrey, and -sone after the citie and the countrey sanke downe, & -ther are many perilous passages. Fro Rodes to Cipres -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page26" id="page26"></a>[pg 26]</span> -is five hundred mile and more, but men may go to -Cipres and come not at Rodes. Cipres is a good yle & -a great, and there are many good cities, and there is an -Archbishoppe at Nichosy,<a id="footnotetagcpv2" name="footnotetagcpv2"></a><a href="#footnotecpv2"><sup>2</sup></a> and foure other Bishops in -the lande. And at Famagost is one of the best havens -on the sea that is in the worlde, and there are christen -men and Sarasins and men of all nations. In Cipres is -the hill of the holy crosse, and there is the crosse of the -good thefe Dismas, as I sayd before, and some wene<a id="footnotetagcpv3" name="footnotetagcpv3"></a><a href="#footnotecpv3"><sup>3</sup></a> -that there is halfe of the crosse of our lord, but it is not -so, and they do wrong that make men to believe so. In -Cipres lieth S. Simeon, of whome the men of the countrey -make a great solempnitie, and in the Castell of Amours -lyeth the body of Saint Hillarion, and men kepe it -worshipfully, and beside Famagost was sainct Barnarde<a id="footnotetagcpv4" name="footnotetagcpv4"></a><a href="#footnotecpv4"><sup>4</sup></a> -borne.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpv1" name="footnotecpv1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpv1">1:</a> -An edder, or adder—really meaning a winged serpent.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpv2" name="footnotecpv2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpv2">2:</a> -Nicosia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpv3" name="footnotecpv3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpv3">3:</a> -Imagine.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpv4" name="footnotecpv4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpv4">4:</a> -Barnabas.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/026-300.png"><img src="images/026-150.png" width="150" height="124" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page27" id="page27"></a>[pg 27]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP: VI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of the maner of hunting in Cipres.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/027-1000.png"><img src="images/027-500.png" width="500" height="396" alt="pampeon" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>N Cipres men hunte with Pampeons<a id="footnotetagcpvi1" name="footnotetagcpvi1"></a><a href="#footnotecpvi1"><sup>1</sup></a> that be lyke -to Leopards, and they take wylde beastes right well -and they are somewhat more than lions, and they take -more sharply wilde beastes then houndes. In Cipres is -a maner that lordes and other men eate upon the earthe, -for they make diches within the earth all about the hall -depe to the knee, and they pave them, and when they -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page28" id="page28"></a>[pg 28]</span> -will eate, they goe therein & sit there, this they do to be -more freshe, for that lande is hotter then it is here. And -at great feastes and for strange men, they set formes and -bordes as they do in this countrey, but they had lever<a id="footnotetagcpvi2" name="footnotetagcpvi2"></a><a href="#footnotecpvi2"><sup>2</sup></a> -sit in the earth. From Cipres men go by lande to -Hierusalem, and by sea, and in a day and a night he -that hath good wind may come to that haven of Tyre -that now is called Sur, and it is also at the entre of -Surry.<a id="footnotetagcpvi3" name="footnotetagcpvi3"></a><a href="#footnotecpvi3"><sup>3</sup></a> There was sometime a fayre citie of christen -men, but the Sarasins haue destroyed the most parte -thereof, and they kepe y<sup>e</sup> hauen righte well, for dread that -they haue of Christen men. Men might go right to that -haven and come not in Cipres, but they go gladly to -Cipres to rest them on the lande, or else to by<a id="footnotetagcpvi4" name="footnotetagcpvi4"></a><a href="#footnotecpvi4"><sup>4</sup></a> thinges -that they haue nede of to their living. Upon the sea -side men may find many rubies, and there is a well that -holy write speaketh of</p> - -<div class="poem width21"> <div class="stanza"> -<p><i>Fons ortorum et puteus aquarum viventum.</i></p> - </div> </div> - -<p>That is to say, The well of gardeines and diches of waters living. -In the citie of Tyre sayde the woman to our Lorde, -<i>Beatus venter qui te portavit et ubera que succisti</i>. That -is as much to say, Blessed be the body that bare thee, -and the pappe of the which thou suckest. And there -our Lorde forgave the woman of Canee hir sinnes, and -there was also in that place wont to be the stone on -which our Lord sat and preached & on the same stone -was founded the Church of Sainct Saviour. And upon -that See is the citie of Saphon, Sarep, or Sodome and -there was wont to dwell Elias the prophet & there was -raised Jonas the prophete the widowes sonne, and fiue -myle from Saphen is the citie of Sydon, of which citie -Dido that was Eneas wife after the destruction of Troy -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page29" id="page29"></a>[pg 29]</span> -was queene, and that founded the Citie of Carthage in -Affryke and now is called Didonsart. And in the citie of -Tyre raigned Achilles, the father of Dido and a myle<a id="footnotetagcpvi5" name="footnotetagcpvi5"></a><a href="#footnotecpvi5"><sup>5</sup></a> -from Sidon is Beruth, & from Beruth to Sardena is -three days journey and from Sardena is five myle to -Damas.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpvi1" name="footnotecpvi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpvi1">1:</a> -Large wild dogs; they are described by <i>Jacobus de Vitriaco</i> (the Cardinal), in his <i>Historiæ Orientalis</i>, thus: "<i>Papiones</i> -quos appellant, canes silvestres, acriores quam lupi."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpvi2" name="footnotecpvi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpvi2">2:</a> -Liefer, rather.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpvi3" name="footnotecpvi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpvi3">3:</a> -Syria.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpvi4" name="footnotecpvi4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpvi4">4:</a> -Buy.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpvi5" name="footnotecpvi5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpvi5">5:</a> -Other editions say 16 miles.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. VII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the haven of Jaffe also named.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">W</span>HO so will go lenger upon the sea and come -nerer to Hierusalem—you shall go from Cipres -by sea to porte Jaffe, for that is the next haven to -Hierusalem, for from that haven it is but a days journey -& a halfe to Hierusalem And that haven is called -Jaffe, and the towne Affe after one of Noyes<a id="footnotetagcpvii1" name="footnotetagcpvii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpvii1"><sup>1</sup></a> -sonnes that men call Japheth that founded it, and now it is -called Jops. And ye shall understand that it is the -eldest town of the world, for it was made before Noes -floud and there be the bones of a giaunts side that be -XL fote long.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecpvii1" name="footnotecpvii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpvii1">1:</a> -Noah's.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP: VIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the haven of Tyre.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND who arriveth at the first haven of Tyre, or of -Surrey beforesayde, may go by land if he will to -Hierusalem, and he goeth to the citie of Acon in a day, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page30" id="page30"></a>[pg 30]</span> -it was called Tholomayda, and it was a citie of christen -men sometime, but it is now destroyed and it is on the sea. -And it is from Venice to Acon by the sea two thousand -and Lxxx myle of Lombardy & from Calabre or fro -Cicill it is to Acon a thousand three hundred miles of -Lombardy.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. IX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of the hill Carme.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/030-1000.png"><img src="images/030-500.png" width="500" height="417" alt="Carmel" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND the yle of Grece<a id="footnotetagcpix1" name="footnotetagcpix1"></a><a href="#footnotecpix1"><sup>1</sup></a> is right in the mid way, -and beside this citie of Acon towarde the sea at -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page31" id="page31"></a>[pg 31]</span> -viii<a id="footnotetagcpix2" name="footnotetagcpix2"></a><a href="#footnotecpix2"><sup>2</sup></a> hundred furlonges on the righte hande towarde the -southe is the hil Carme<a id="footnotetagcpix3" name="footnotetagcpix3"></a><a href="#footnotecpix3"><sup>3</sup></a> where Elias the prophet dwelled, -and there was the ordre of Carme<a id="footnotetagcpix4" name="footnotetagcpix4"></a><a href="#footnotecpix4"><sup>4</sup></a> fyrst founded. This -hyl is not ryghte greate, ne hygh, and at the foote of -this hill was sometime a good citie of chrysten men, -that was called Cayphas, for Cayphas founded it, but it -is nowe all wasted. And at the lyfte syde of the hyll is -a Town that men call Saffre, and that is sette upon -another hil, there was Sainct James and saynt John -borne, and in the worshippe of them is there a faire -church made. And from Tholomayda that men now -call Acon, to a great hill that men call Ekale<a id="footnotetagcpix5" name="footnotetagcpix5"></a><a href="#footnotecpix5"><sup>5</sup></a> de Tyrreys -is an hundred furlongs, and beside that citie of Acon -runneth a lyttle ryver that men call Belyon, and there -nere is the fosse of Minon<a id="footnotetagcpix6" name="footnotetagcpix6"></a><a href="#footnotecpix6"><sup>6</sup></a> all round that is a hundred -cubytes or shaftments<a id="footnotetagcpix7" name="footnotetagcpix7"></a><a href="#footnotecpix7"><sup>7</sup></a> broade, and it is all full of -gravell, cleare shyninge, whereof men make white glasse -cleare, and men come from far countreys by shippe, and -by lande with cartes to take of the gravell & if there be -never so much taken thereof in a daye, on the morow it -is full againe as ever it was, and that is great marvaile, -and there is alwaye winde in that fosse that styreth -alway the gravell and maketh it troubled. And if a man -put or do therein any mettal, as sone as it is therein it -waxeth glasse, and the glasse that is made of this -gravell if it be done<a id="footnotetagcpix8" name="footnotetagcpix8"></a><a href="#footnotecpix8"><sup>8</sup></a> into the gravell tourneth againe -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page32" id="page32"></a>[pg 32]</span> -into the gravell as it was before & some say that it is a -swallow<a id="footnotetagcpix9" name="footnotetagcpix9"></a><a href="#footnotecpix9"><sup>9</sup></a> -of the sea gravell.<a id="footnotetagcpix10" name="footnotetagcpix10"></a><a href="#footnotecpix10"><sup>10</sup></a></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpix1" name="footnotecpix1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpix1">1:</a> -Crete.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpix2" name="footnotecpix2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpix2">2:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> and others say 120 furlongs.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpix3" name="footnotecpix3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpix3">3:</a> -Carmel.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpix4" name="footnotecpix4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpix4">4:</a> -Carmelite friars.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpix5" name="footnotecpix5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpix5">5:</a> -The scale, or ladder, of Tyre.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpix6" name="footnotecpix6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpix6">6:</a> -Meaning the sepulchre of Memnon.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpix7" name="footnotecpix7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpix7">7:</a> -A shaftment was a measure taken from the top of the extended thumb to the outmost part of the palm—usually taken as six -inches.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpix8" name="footnotecpix8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpix8">8:</a> -Buried.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpix9" name="footnotecpix9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpix9">9:</a> -Whirlpool.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpix10" name="footnotecpix10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpix10">10:</a> -This story is said to come from Solinus, and is mentioned in Münster's Cosmographia, and in other books.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. X.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>How Sampson slew the King and his enimies.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 480px;"><a href="images/032-1000.png"><img src="images/032-480.png" width="480" height="395" alt="Sampson" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>LSO from Acon beforesaid, men go three<a id="footnotetagcpx1" name="footnotetagcpx1"></a><a href="#footnotecpx1"><sup>1</sup></a> journeys -to the citie of Philisten, that now is called Gaza, -that is to say the rich citie & it is right fayre and full -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page33" id="page33"></a>[pg 33]</span> -of folke and it is a little uppon the sea, and from that -citie broughte the strong Sampson the gates of the Citie -uppon a highe hill, where he was taken in the Citie, -and there he slewe the King in his palace, and many -thousande more with him, for he made an house to fall -on them. And from thence shal men go to the citie of -Cesaryen,<a id="footnotetagcpx2" name="footnotetagcpx2"></a><a href="#footnotecpx2"><sup>2</sup></a> -and so to the castell of Pylleryns<a id="footnotetagcpx3" name="footnotetagcpx3"></a><a href="#footnotecpx3"><sup>3</sup></a> and then -to Askalon, and so forth to Japhat<a id="footnotetagcpx4" name="footnotetagcpx4"></a><a href="#footnotecpx4"><sup>4</sup></a> and so unto the holy -citie of Hierusalem.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpx1" name="footnotecpx1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpx1">1:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> and others say four.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpx2" name="footnotecpx2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpx2">2:</a> -Cæsarea.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpx3" name="footnotecpx3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpx3">3:</a> -Pilgrims.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpx4" name="footnotecpx4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpx4">4:</a> -Jaffa.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>The waye to Babylon whereas the Soudan dwelleth.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/033-1000.png"><img src="images/033-500.png" width="500" height="346" alt="to Babylon whereas the Soudan dwelleth" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND whoso wyll go through the lande of Babylon -where the Soudan<a id="footnotetagcpxi1" name="footnotetagcpxi1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxi1"><sup>1</sup></a> dwelleth, to have leave to go -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page34" id="page34"></a>[pg 34]</span> -more sykerly<a id="footnotetagcpxi2" name="footnotetagcpxi2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxi2"><sup>2</sup></a> throughe the Churches & countreys, -and to go to mount Sinay before he come to Hierusalem, -and then turne agayne by Hierusalem; he shall goe -from Gaza to the castell Dayre. And after a man commeth -out of Surry, and goeth in the wildernesse, where -the waye is full sandy, and the wyldernesse lasteth eyght -Journeys,<a id="footnotetagcpxi3" name="footnotetagcpxi3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxi3"><sup>3</sup></a> where men findeth all that them nedeth of -vytayles and men call that wyldernesse Archelleke,<a id="footnotetagcpxi4" name="footnotetagcpxi4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxi4"><sup>4</sup></a> and -whan a man commeth out of this deserte, hee entreth -into Egypte, and they call Egypte, Canopat,<a id="footnotetagcpxi5" name="footnotetagcpxi5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxi5"><sup>5</sup></a> and in -another language men call it Mersyne,<a id="footnotetagcpxi6" name="footnotetagcpxi6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxi6"><sup>6</sup></a> and the fyrste -goode towne that men fynde is called Beleth, and it is -at the ende of the Kingdome of Alape,<a id="footnotetagcpxi7" name="footnotetagcpxi7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxi7"><sup>7</sup></a> and from thence -men come to Babylon and to Kayre,<a id="footnotetagcpxi8" name="footnotetagcpxi8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxi8"><sup>8</sup></a> and in Babylon is -a fayre churche of our lady, where she dwelled vii yeare -when she was oute of the lande of Jewes, for dreade of -Kynge Herode. And there lyeth the bodye of Saynte -Barbara vyrgyn, and there dwelled Joseph whan he was -solde of his brethrene, and there made Nabugodonosor -put the children in (<i>the</i>) fire, for they were of right<a id="footnotetagcpxi9" name="footnotetagcpxi9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxi9"><sup>9</sup></a> -trouth, the which chyldren men call Anania, Azaria, and -Misael (as y<sup>e</sup> psalme of Benedicite saith) but Nabugodonosor -called them thus, Sydrac, Mysac, Abdenago, that -is to say, God glorious, God victorious, God over all -Kingedomes, and that was for myracle that he made -Goddes sonne, as he sayd, go wyth those chyldren -throughe the fyre. There dwelleth the Soudan, for there -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page35" id="page35"></a>[pg 35]</span> -is a faire citie and a stronge castell and it standeth upon -a rocke. In that Castell is always dwellyng to kepe the -castell and to serve the soudan, above viii<a id="footnotetagcpxi10" name="footnotetagcpxi10"></a><a href="#footnotecpxi10"><sup>10</sup></a> thousand -persons or folk that take all theyr necessaries at the -Soudans courte. I should well knowe it, for I dwelled -with him soudiour<a id="footnotetagcpxi11" name="footnotetagcpxi11"></a><a href="#footnotecpxi11"><sup>11</sup></a> in his warres a great while agayne -the Bedions,<a id="footnotetagcpxi12" name="footnotetagcpxi12"></a><a href="#footnotecpxi12"><sup>12</sup></a> and he wold haue wedded me to a great -princes daughter ryght richly, if I would haue forsaken -my faith.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxi1" name="footnotecpxi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxi1">1:</a> -Sultan.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxi2" name="footnotecpxi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxi2">2:</a> -Certainly, surely.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxi3" name="footnotecpxi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxi3">3:</a> -Day's march.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxi4" name="footnotecpxi4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxi4">4:</a> -Athylec, Abylech, Alhylet, Alhelet, Abylet.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxi5" name="footnotecpxi5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxi5">5:</a> -Query Canopus, a city 12 miles from Alexandria, named after the pilot of Menelaus' vessel, who was buried here.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxi6" name="footnotecpxi6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxi6">6:</a> -Mersur, Morsyn.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxi7" name="footnotecpxi7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxi7">7:</a> -Aleppo.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxi8" name="footnotecpxi8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxi8">8:</a> -Cairo.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxi9" name="footnotecpxi9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxi9">9:</a> -True faith.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxi10" name="footnotecpxi10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxi10">10:</a> -Other editions say 6,000.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxi11" name="footnotecpxi11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxi11">11:</a> -Soldier.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxi12" name="footnotecpxi12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxi12">12:</a> -Bedouins.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1a"><i>YET here followeth of the Soudan and of his Kingdomes -that he hath conquered, which he holdeth strongly with -force.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND ye shall understand that the Soudan is lorde of -v Kingdomes: the which he hath conquered and -gotten to him by strength, and these be they—the Kingdome -of Canopate (<i>that is</i>) the Kingdome of Egipte, the -Kingdome of Hierusalem: whereof David and Salomon -were Kings, the Kingdome of Surry, of the which the -citie of Damas<a id="footnotetagcpxii1" name="footnotetagcpxii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxii1"><sup>1</sup></a> was the chiefe, the Kingdome of Alape -in the lande of Dameth, and the Kingdome of Arabya: -which was one of the three Kinges that made offeryng -to our Lorde when he was borne, and many other landes -he holdeth in his hande, and also he holdeth Calaphes<a id="footnotetagcpxii2" name="footnotetagcpxii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxii2"><sup>2</sup></a> -that is a great thing to the Soudan, that is to say, among -them Roys<a id="footnotetagcpxii3" name="footnotetagcpxii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxii3"><sup>3</sup></a> yle and this vale is colde.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page36" id="page36"></a>[pg 36]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/036a-1000.png"><img src="images/036a-500.png" width="500" height="339" alt="? Sainct Katherina, martyr" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/036b-1000.png"><img src="images/036b-500.png" width="500" height="357" alt="birds bringing olive branches" /></a></div> - -<p>And then men go uppon the mount of Sainct Katherina -and that is much higher than the mount Moyses. And -there as saint Katheryn was graven<a id="footnotetagcpxii4" name="footnotetagcpxii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxii4"><sup>4</sup></a> is no church ne -castell, ne other dwelling place, but there is an hyll of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page37" id="page37"></a>[pg 37]</span> -stones gathered togither, about the place there she was -graven of Aungels, there was wont to be a chapell, but -it is all cast downe & yet lyeth there a great parte of -the stones.</p> - -<p>But under the foote of mount Sinay is a monasterie of -Monkes, and there is the church of Sainct Katherine -wherein be many lamps brenning, and they have oyle -onlye enough to eate and to brenne, and that they haue -by myracle of God, there come certaine of all maner of -byrdes euery yeare once, lyke pylgrymes and eche of -them bringeth a braunch of olyve in token of offering, -whereof they make much oyle.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxii1" name="footnotecpxii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxii1">1:</a> -Damascus.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxii2" name="footnotecpxii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxii2">2:</a> -Khalifs.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxii3" name="footnotecpxii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxii3">3:</a> -Who are accounted there as kings.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxii4" name="footnotecpxii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxii4">4:</a> -Buried.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>For to returne fro Sinay to Hierusalem.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">N</span>OW sythen a man hath visited this holy place of -Sainct Katheryn and he will torne to Hierusalem, -he shall fyrst take leave of the Monkes, and recommend -him specially to their prayers, then those Monks will -freely giue to Pilgrims victuals to pass through the Wildernesse -to Surry & that lasteth well xiii Journeys. -And in that wyldernesse dwell many Arabyns that -men call Bedoins and Ascoperdes,<a id="footnotetagcpxiii1" name="footnotetagcpxiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> these are folk that are -full of all maner of yll condycyons, and they have no -houses, but tentes, the wyche they make of beastes -skinnes, as of camelles and other beastes the whyche -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page38" id="page38"></a>[pg 38]</span> -they eate, and thereunder they lye, and they dwell in -places where they maye fynde water, as on the rede sea, -for in that wildernesse is greate defaute of water, and it -faileth ofte where a man findeth water one time, he -fyndeth it not another tyme, and therefore make they no -houses in those countreys. These men that I speake of -tyll not the land, for they eate no breade, but<a id="footnotetagcpxiii2" name="footnotetagcpxiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> yf it be -anye that dwelleth neare a goode towne. And they rost -al theyre fishes and flesh upon the hote stones agaynst -the sonne, and they are stronge men and well fyghtynge, -and they do nothinge but chace wyld beastes for theyr -sustenaunce, and they sette<a id="footnotetagcpxiii3" name="footnotetagcpxiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> not by theyr lyves, therfore -they dreade not the Soudan nor no prince of all the -worlde. And they haue greate warre wythe the Soudan, -and the same tyme that I was dwelling with him they -bare but a shelde and a speare for to defende them with, -and they holde<a id="footnotetagcpxiii4" name="footnotetagcpxiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> none other armour, but they wynde -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page39" id="page39"></a>[pg 39]</span> -theyr heades and neckes in a great lynnen clothe,<a id="footnotetagcpxiii5" name="footnotetagcpxiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> and -they are men of full yll kynde.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/038-1000.png"><img src="images/038-500.png" width="500" height="353" alt="roasting upon the hot stones against the sun" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/039-1000.png"><img src="images/039-500.png" width="500" height="353" alt="a shield and a spear to defend them with" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxiii1" name="footnotecpxiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiii1">1:</a> -Or Giants from the Arabic <i>askhaf</i>, a tall, big-boned man. It -will be remembered that Sir Bevis of Southampton brought home a -Giant Ascapart—who probably was one of them.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxiii2" name="footnotecpxiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiii2">2:</a> -Unless.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxiii3" name="footnotecpxiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiii3">3:</a> -They value not.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxiii4" name="footnotecpxiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiii4">4:</a> -Have.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxiii5" name="footnotecpxiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiii5">5:</a> -A turban.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XIIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>As men are passed this wyldernesse againe comming to -Hierusalem.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND when men are passed this wyldernesse towarde -Hierusalem they come to Barsabe<a id="footnotetagcpxiiii1" name="footnotetagcpxiiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> that was sometime -a fayre and a lykyng towne of Christen men, and -yet is some of their churches, and in that towne dwelled -Abraham the Patryarke. This towne of Barsabe founded -Uryas wife, of whom David engendred Salomon the -wyse that was Kyng of Hierusalem, and of the xii kindes<a id="footnotetagcpxiiii2" name="footnotetagcpxiiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> -of Israell, and he raigned xl yeare. And from thence -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page40" id="page40"></a>[pg 40]</span> -go men to the vale of Ebron, that is from thence nere -xii myle and some call it the vale of Mambre,<a id="footnotetagcpxiiii3" name="footnotetagcpxiiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> and also -it is called the vale of Teeres, for as much as Adam in -that vale he wept a hundred yeare the death of his sonne -Abel that Cayne slew. And Ebron was sometime<a id="footnotetagcpxiiii4" name="footnotetagcpxiiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> the -principall Citie of the Philistines & there dwelled giaunts -& there it was so free, that all that had done evill in -other places were there saved. In Ebron Josue and<a id="footnotetagcpxiiii5" name="footnotetagcpxiiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> -Calope and theyr felowship came fyrst to espy how they -might wynne the lande of promyssion. In Ebron David -raigned fyrst vii yeare and a halfe & in Hierusalem he -raigned xxxii<a id="footnotetagcpxiiii6" name="footnotetagcpxiiii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiiii6"><sup>6</sup></a> yeare and a halfe, and there be the graves -of the Patryarkes—Adam, Abraham, Jacob and theyr -wyves, Eve, Sare, Rebecca<a id="footnotetagcpxiiii7" name="footnotetagcpxiiii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiiii7"><sup>7</sup></a> -and they are in the hanging<a id="footnotetagcpxiiii8" name="footnotetagcpxiiii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiiii8"><sup>8</sup></a> -in the hyll. And under them is a right fayre Churche -Kirnelde<a id="footnotetagcpxiiii9" name="footnotetagcpxiiii9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiiii9"><sup>9</sup></a> after the facion and maner as it were a Castell, -the which the Sarasins keepe right well, and they haue -that place in greate worship for the holy Patryarkes that -lieth there, and they suffer no Christen men ne Jewes to -come therein but they have speciall grace of the Soudan, -for they holde Christen men and Jewes but as houndes -that should come in no holy place, and they call the -place Spelunke<a id="footnotetagcpxiiii10" name="footnotetagcpxiiii10"></a><a href="#footnotecpxiiii10"><sup>10</sup></a> or double cave or double grave; for one -lyeth on another, and the Sarasins call it in theyr language -Caryatharba, that is to say the place of Patryarkes, -and the Jewes call it Arboth. And in that same place -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page41" id="page41"></a>[pg 41]</span> -was Abrahams house, and that was the same Abraham -which sat in his dore, and saw three persons and worshipped -but one, as holy wryt witnesseth saying, <i>Tres -videt et unum adoravit</i>. That is to saye, he saw three -and worshipped but one, and him took Abraham into -his house.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxiiii1" name="footnotecpxiiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiiii1">1:</a> -Beersheba.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxiiii2" name="footnotecpxiiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiiii2">2:</a> -Tribes.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxiiii3" name="footnotecpxiiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiiii3">3:</a> -Mamre.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxiiii4" name="footnotecpxiiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiiii4">4:</a> -Formerly.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxiiii5" name="footnotecpxiiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiiii5">5:</a> -Jehoshua and Caleb (see Numbers, cap. 13).</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxiiii6" name="footnotecpxiiii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiiii6">6:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> and others say 33 years and a half.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxiiii7" name="footnotecpxiiii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiiii7">7:</a> -All other editions have "and of Lya," or Leah, who is evidently here forgotten.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxiiii8" name="footnotecpxiiii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiiii8">8:</a> -Caves cut in the side of the rock.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxiiii9" name="footnotecpxiiii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiiii9">9:</a> -Crenelated or battlemented.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxiiii10" name="footnotecpxiiii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxiiii10">10:</a> -Lat. <i>Spelunca</i>, a cave.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XV.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Here foloweth a lyttle of Adam & Eve and other things.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/041-1000.png"><img src="images/041-500.png" width="500" height="357" alt="Adam and Eve" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND right nere to that place is a cave in a Roche -where Adam and Eve dwelled whan they were -dryven out of Paradyse, and there got they theyr -chyldren. And in that place was Adam made as some -men saye, for men called sometime that place the felde -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page42" id="page42"></a>[pg 42]</span> -of Damasse,<a id="footnotetagcpxv1" name="footnotetagcpxv1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxv1"><sup>1</sup></a> -for it was in the worshippe<a id="footnotetagcpxv2" name="footnotetagcpxv2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxv2"><sup>2</sup></a> of Damasse; -and fro thence he was translated into Paradyse as they -saye, and afterwarde he was driven out of Paradyse, and -put there agayne, for the same daye that he was put into -Paradyse, the same day he was driven out, for so soone -he synned. And there begynneth the yle<a id="footnotetagcpxv3" name="footnotetagcpxv3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxv3"><sup>3</sup></a> of Ebron that -lasteth nere to Hierusalem, and the Aungell bad Adam -that he should dwell wyth his wyfe, and there they engendred -Seth, of the which kyndred<a id="footnotetagcpxv4" name="footnotetagcpxv4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxv4"><sup>4</sup></a> Jesu Christ was -borne. And in that vale is the felde where men draw -out of the earth a thinge the which men in that countrey -call Chambell and they eate that thinge in the stede -of spyce & they beare it to sell, and men may not -grave<a id="footnotetagcpxv5" name="footnotetagcpxv5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxv5"><sup>5</sup></a> there so deepe ne so wyde, but it is at the yeares -ende full againe up to the sydes through the grace of -God. And two myle from Ebron is the grave of Loth<a id="footnotetagcpxv6" name="footnotetagcpxv6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxv6"><sup>6</sup></a> -that was Abraham's brother.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxv1" name="footnotecpxv1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxv1">1:</a> - Damascus.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxv2" name="footnotecpxv2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxv2">2:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> and others say lordship.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxv3" name="footnotecpxv3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxv3">3:</a> -Vale.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxv4" name="footnotecpxv4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxv4">4:</a> -Kindred or tribe.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxv5" name="footnotecpxv5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxv5">5:</a> -Dig.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxv6" name="footnotecpxv6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxv6">6:</a> -Lot.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page43" id="page43"></a>[pg 43]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XVI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of the dry tree</i>.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/043-1000.png"><img src="images/043-500.png" width="500" height="357" alt="the dry tree" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">W</span>HEN a lyttle from Ebron is the mounte of -Mambre, of the which mount the vale toke his -name, and there is the tree of oke that the Sarasins call -dypre,<a id="footnotetagcpxvi1" name="footnotetagcpxvi1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxvi1"><sup>1</sup></a> that is of Abraham's time, that men call the dry -tree. And they say that it hath ben from the beginning -of the worlde, and was sometime grene and bare leaves, -unto the tyme that our Lorde dyed, and so did all the -trees in the worlde, or else they fayled in their heartes, -or else they faded, and yet is there many of those in the -worlde. And some prophesies say, that a lorde or prince -of the weste syde of the worlde shall winne the lande of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page44" id="page44"></a>[pg 44]</span> -promission, that is the holy lande, with the helpe of -Christen men, and he shall do singe<a id="footnotetagcpxvi2" name="footnotetagcpxvi2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxvi2"><sup>2</sup></a> a masse under that -tree, and the tree shall waxe grene and beare fruite and -leaves, and through that miracle many Sarasins and -Jewes shal be turned to the Christen fayth, and therefore -they do great worship therto, and kepe it right<a id="footnotetagcpxvi3" name="footnotetagcpxvi3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxvi3"><sup>3</sup></a> basely. -And yet though it be dry, it beareth a great vertue, for -certainly he that hath a lyttle thereof about him, it -healeth a sicknesse called the falling evill, and hath -many other vertues also, and therefore it is holden right -precious.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxvi1" name="footnotecpxvi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxvi1">1:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> and others read Dyrpe or Dirpe.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxvi2" name="footnotecpxvi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxvi2">2:</a> -Cause a mass to be sung.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxvi3" name="footnotecpxvi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxvi3">3:</a> -To keep it carefully.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XVII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Fro Bethlehem.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM Ebron men go to Bethlehem in halfe a daye, -for it is but five myle, and it is a fayre waye & -thorow<a id="footnotetagcpxvii1" name="footnotetagcpxvii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxvii1"><sup>1</sup></a> woddes full pleasaunt. Bethlem is but a little -citie long and narowe, and well walled, and enclosed -with a great diche and it was wont to be called Effrata -as holy wryte sayth <i>Ecce audivimus eum in Effrata</i> &c., -That is to saye, Lo we herde him in Effrata. And -toward the ende of the citie toward the East, is a ryght -fayre churche and a gracious and it hath many toures, -pinacles and kirnelles<a id="footnotetagcpxvii2" name="footnotetagcpxvii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxvii2"><sup>2</sup></a> full strongly made & within that -Church is xliiii great pyllers of marble & betwene this -church the field<a id="footnotetagcpxvii3" name="footnotetagcpxvii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxvii3"><sup>3</sup></a> florished, as ye shall here.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxvii1" name="footnotecpxvii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxvii1">1:</a> -Through woods.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxvii2" name="footnotecpxvii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxvii2">2:</a> -Battlements.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxvii3" name="footnotecpxvii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxvii3">3:</a> -The flowered field.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page45" id="page45"></a>[pg 45]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XVIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of a fayre mayden that should be put to death wrongfully.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/045-1000.png"><img src="images/045-500.png" width="500" height="359" alt="a fair maiden" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HE cause is, for as much as a fayre maiden y<sup>t</sup> was -blamed wyth wrong that she hadde done fornication, -for the which cause she was demed<a id="footnotetagcpxviii1" name="footnotetagcpxviii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii1"><sup>1</sup></a> to dye and to -bee brente<a id="footnotetagcpxviii2" name="footnotetagcpxviii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii2"><sup>2</sup></a> in that place to the which she was ledde. -And as the woode began to brenne about hir, she made -hir prayer to our Lorde as she was not gyltie of that -thing, that he would helpe hir that it might be knowne -to all men. And whan she had thus sayde, she entred -the fyre and anone the fyre went out, and those braunches -that were brenninge became red Roses and those -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page46" id="page46"></a>[pg 46]</span> -braunches that were not kindled became white Rosiers<a id="footnotetagcpxviii3" name="footnotetagcpxviii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii3"><sup>3</sup></a> -full of white roses, and those were the fyrst roses and -rosyers that any man sawe, and so was the mayden -saved through the grace of God, and therefore is that -felde called the feeld of God florished, for it was full of -Roses. Also besyde the quire of that Church aforesayd -at the right side as men come downwarde xii<a id="footnotetagcpxviii4" name="footnotetagcpxviii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii4"><sup>4</sup></a> -grees<a id="footnotetagcpxviii5" name="footnotetagcpxviii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii5"><sup>5</sup></a> is -the place where our Lorde was borne that is now full -well dyght<a id="footnotetagcpxviii6" name="footnotetagcpxviii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii6"><sup>6</sup></a> of Marble & full rychely depaynted of golde, -sylver and asure and other colours. And a lyttle thens -by three paces is the crybe<a id="footnotetagcpxviii7" name="footnotetagcpxviii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii7"><sup>7</sup></a> of the Oxe and the Asse, -and besyde y<sup>t</sup> is the place where the sterre<a id="footnotetagcpxviii8" name="footnotetagcpxviii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii8"><sup>8</sup></a> fell that lede -the three Kinges Jasper, Melchior and Balthasar, but -men of Grece call the Kinges thus, Galgalath, Saraphy, -Malgalath. These three Kinges offered to our Lorde, -Encence, Gold & Mirre and they came together through -myracle of God, for they mette togither in a citie that men -call Chasak, that is liii journeys from Bethleem, and there -they were at Bethleem the fourth<a id="footnotetagcpxviii9" name="footnotetagcpxviii9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii9"><sup>9</sup></a> daye after they hadde -seene the sterre. And under the cloyster of this church -xviii grees<a id="footnotetagcpxviii10" name="footnotetagcpxviii10"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii10"><sup>10</sup></a> at the righte syde is a great pytte where the -bones of the Innocentes lie, and before that place where -Chryst was borne is the tombe of Sainct Jerom that was -a priest and a Cardinal that translated the Byble and -the Sauter<a id="footnotetagcpxviii11" name="footnotetagcpxviii11"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii11"><sup>11</sup></a> from Hebrew into Latyn, and beside that -church is a Church of Saynte Nycolas, where our Lady -rested hir whan she was delivered of chyld, and for as -much as she had so much mylke in hir pappes that it -greved hir, she mylked it out uppon the redde stones -of Marble, so that yet may the traces bee seene whyte -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page47" id="page47"></a>[pg 47]</span> -uppon the stones. And ye shall understande that all -that dwell in Bethleem are Chrysten men, and there are -fayre vynes all aboute the citie and great plentie of -wine, for their booke that Mahomet betoke<a id="footnotetagcpxviii12" name="footnotetagcpxviii12"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii12"><sup>12</sup></a> them, the -which they call Alkaron and some call it Massap -and some call it Harme, forbiddeth them to drinke -any wyne, for in that booke Machomet curseth -all those that drynke of that wyne and all that -sell it, for some men saye that he onse slewe a good -hermite in his dronkennesse which<a id="footnotetagcpxviii13" name="footnotetagcpxviii13"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii13"><sup>13</sup></a> he loved much, -and therefore he cursed the wyne, and them that -drynke wyne, but his malyce is torned to hymselfe, as -holye writ sayth "<i>Et in verticem ipsius iniquitus ejus -descendit</i>," That is to say in Englyshe, His wickednesse -shall descende on his owne head. And also the Sarasins -bringeth forthe no geise,<a id="footnotetagcpxviii14" name="footnotetagcpxviii14"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii14"><sup>14</sup></a> ne they eate no swines fleshe, -for they say it is brother to manne and that it was forbidden -in the olde lawe. Also in the lande of Palestine -ne in the lande of Egypte they eate but lyttle veale and -beefe but it be so olde that it may no more travayll<a id="footnotetagcpxviii15" name="footnotetagcpxviii15"></a><a href="#footnotecpxviii15"><sup>15</sup></a> ne -werke, not that it is forbidden but they kepe them to -tylling of their lande. In this castell of Bethleem was -Kyng David borne and he had Lx wives and ccc lemmans. -From Bethleem to Hierusalem is two myle, and -in the way of Hierusalem halfe a myle from Bethleem is -a Church where the aungell sayd to the shepherdes of -the bearing of Christ. In that waye is the tombe of -Rachel that was Josephs mother the Patryarke and she -dyed as soone as she hadde borne Benjamyn and there -she was buried, and Jacob hir husbande set xii great -stones upon hir in tokening that she had borne xii -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page48" id="page48"></a>[pg 48]</span> -children. In this way to Hierusalem are many Christen -churches by the which men go to Hierusalem.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxviii1" name="footnotecpxviii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii1">1:</a> -Condemned.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii2" name="footnotecpxviii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii2">2:</a> -Burnt.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii3" name="footnotecpxviii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii3">3:</a> -Rose bushes.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii4" name="footnotecpxviii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii4">4:</a> -Other editions say 16.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii5" name="footnotecpxviii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii5">5:</a> -Steps.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii6" name="footnotecpxviii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii6">6:</a> -Adorned.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii7" name="footnotecpxviii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii7">7:</a> -Crib or Manger.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii8" name="footnotecpxviii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii8">8:</a> -Star.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii9" name="footnotecpxviii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii9">9:</a> -Other editions say "thirteenth."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii10" name="footnotecpxviii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii10">10:</a> -Paces.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii11" name="footnotecpxviii11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii11">11:</a> -Psalter.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii12" name="footnotecpxviii12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii12">12:</a> -Gave.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii13" name="footnotecpxviii13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii13">13:</a> -Whom.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxviii14" name="footnotecpxviii14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii14">14:</a> -Breed no pigs.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxviii15" name="footnotecpxviii15"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxviii15">15:</a> -Plough or draw loads.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XIX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the citie of Hierusalem.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>OR to speake of Hierusalem, ye shall understande -that it standeth fayre among hylles, and there is -neither ryver nor well, but water commeth by conduit -from Ebron, and ye shall wete that men called it first -Jebus and sythen it was called Salem unto the time of -King David, and he set those two names togither and -called it Hierusalem and so it is called yet. And aboute -Hierusalem is the Kingdome of Surry, & thereby is -the lande of Palestyne and Askalon, but Hierusalem is -in the lande of Jude, and it is called Judee, for Judas -Maccabeus was King of that lande, and also it marcheth -afterward on the Kingedome of Araby, on the South -side on the lande of Egipt, on the west side on the great -sea, on the north syde on the Kingdome of Surry and -the sea of Cipres. About Hierusalem are these cities. -Ebrone at viii<a id="footnotetagcpxix1" name="footnotetagcpxix1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxix1"><sup>1</sup></a> myle, Jerico at vi myle Barsebe at viii -myle Askalon xviii<a id="footnotetagcpxix2" name="footnotetagcpxix2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxix2"><sup>2</sup></a> -myle, Jaffa at xxv<a id="footnotetagcpxix3" name="footnotetagcpxix3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxix3"><sup>3</sup></a> -Ramatha at iiii<a id="footnotetagcpxix4" name="footnotetagcpxix4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxix4"><sup>4</sup></a> -mile. At Bethlem towarde the South is a church of -saint Markerot,<a id="footnotetagcpxix5" name="footnotetagcpxix5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxix5"><sup>5</sup></a> that was abbot there, for whom they -made much sorow when he should dy & it is painted -there how they made dole<a id="footnotetagcpxix6" name="footnotetagcpxix6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxix6"><sup>6</sup></a> when he dyed, and it is a -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page49" id="page49"></a>[pg 49]</span> -piteous thing to beholde. This lande of Hierusalem -hath ben in dyvers nations hands, as Jewes, Cananens, -Assyrians, Percians, Macedons, Grekes, Romayns & -Chrysten men, Sarasins, Barbaryans, Turkes & many -other nacions. For Chryste wyll not that it be long in -the handes of traytours ne sinners be they Christen or -other. And now hath the mistrowing<a id="footnotetagcpxix7" name="footnotetagcpxix7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxix7"><sup>7</sup></a> men holden that -lande in theyre handes Lx yeare & more, but they shall -not holde it long and if<a id="footnotetagcpxix8" name="footnotetagcpxix8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxix8"><sup>8</sup></a> God wyll.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxix1" name="footnotecpxix1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxix1">1:</a> -Other editions say respectively 7, 17, 16.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxix2" name="footnotecpxix2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxix2">2:</a> -As Footnote 1.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxix3" name="footnotecpxix3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxix3">3:</a> -As Footnote 1.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxix4" name="footnotecpxix4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxix4">4:</a> -Other editions say 3 miles.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxix5" name="footnotecpxix5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxix5">5:</a> -Variously written, Markertot, Karitot, Karscati, and Mercaritot.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxix6" name="footnotecpxix6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxix6">6:</a> -Grieved, from <i>Lat.</i> Dolor.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxix7" name="footnotecpxix7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxix7">7:</a> -Unbelieving, or heathen.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxix8" name="footnotecpxix8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxix8">8:</a> -Unless it is God's pleasure.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/049-300.png"><img src="images/049-150.png" width="150" height="117" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page50" id="page50"></a>[pg 50]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Yet of the holy citie of Hierusalem.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a href="images/050-700.png"><img src="images/050-300.png" width="300" height="412" alt="bell tower" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND ye shall understand that whan men fyrst come -to Hierusalem, they go fyrste a pylgrimage to the -Church, where that the holy grave is, the whiche is -out of the citie on the North syde, but it is now closed -in with the wall of the towne, and there is a full fayre -church rounde, all open aboue, and well covered with -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page51" id="page51"></a>[pg 51]</span> -leede and on the west syde is a fayre toure and a strong -for belles.</p> - -<p>And in the middes of the church is a Tabernacle -made like a little house, in maner of halfe a compasse, -ryght well and richly of gold and asure and other -coloures well dyght & on the ryght syde is the sepulchre -of oure Lorde, and the tabernacle is viii foote long and -v fote wide and xi fote of height. And it is not longe -sythen the sepulchre was all open, y<sup>t</sup> men might kysse -it and touche it: but for men that came thether payned<a id="footnotetagcpxx1" name="footnotetagcpxx1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx1"><sup>1</sup></a> -them to breake the stones in peces or pouder, therefore -the Soudan hath made a wall about the sepulchre that no -man may touch it. On the lefte syde is no wyndowe, but -therein is many lampes light, and there is a lampe that -hangeth before the sepulcre lyght brenning and on the -fryday it goeth oute by itselfe, and lyghteth againe by -itselfe at the houre that our Lorde rose from death to -life. And within that church upon that right side is the -mount Calvary, where our Lord was done on the crosse, -and the crosse was sette in a morteys<a id="footnotetagcpxx2" name="footnotetagcpxx2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx2"><sup>2</sup></a> in the roche that -is white of coloure, and a lyttle redde medled<a id="footnotetagcpxx3" name="footnotetagcpxx3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx3"><sup>3</sup></a> with, and -upon that roche dropped the bloude of the woundes of -our Lord whan he was pained on the crosse & that is -called Golgatha and men go up to that Golgatha upon -greces.<a id="footnotetagcpxx4" name="footnotetagcpxx4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx4"><sup>4</sup></a> And in that mortays was Adams head founde -after Noyes flood, in token that the sinnes of Adam, -shoulde bee boughte in the same place, and aboue that -roche made Abraham sacryfice to our Lord, and there is -an auter,<a id="footnotetagcpxx5" name="footnotetagcpxx5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx5"><sup>5</sup></a> -and before that auter lyeth Godfry of Boleyn,<a id="footnotetagcpxx6" name="footnotetagcpxx6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx6"><sup>6</sup></a> -Bawdewyn<a id="footnotetagcpxx7" name="footnotetagcpxx7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx7"><sup>7</sup></a> and other that were Christen and kinges of -Hierusalem. And ther as our Lord was done<a id="footnotetagcpxx8" name="footnotetagcpxx8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx8"><sup>8</sup></a> upon the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page52" id="page52"></a>[pg 52]</span> -crosse, is thys wrytten in greke, <i>Otheos<a id="footnotetagcpxx9" name="footnotetagcpxx9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx9"><sup>9</sup></a> basylon, ysmon -persemas, ergaste sothyas oyos</i>. That is to say in latine, -<i>Hic Deus Rex noster ante secula operatus est salutem in -medio terræ</i>, That is to saye, This God our King before -worldes, hath wrought healthe in the myddes of the -earth. And also upon the roche where the crosse was -fyxed is wrytten within the roche, <i>Eros<a id="footnotetagcpxx10" name="footnotetagcpxx10"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx10"><sup>10</sup></a> guyst basys, -thou, pestes, thoy, thesmoysy</i>. That is to say in latin, -<i>Quod vides est fundamentum totius mundi et hujus fidei</i>. -And it is to saye, that thou seest, is grounde of all the -world and of this faith. And ye shall understande that -our Lorde whan he dyed was thyrty & two<a id="footnotetagcpxx11" name="footnotetagcpxx11"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx11"><sup>11</sup></a> yeare olde -and three monethes and the prophecie of David sayth -that he should haue xl yeares, when he saith thus. -<i>Quadraginta annis proximus fui generatione huic</i>, that is -to say, fourtie yeare was I neighbour to this kinde, and -thus it should seme that prophecie were not sothe,<a id="footnotetagcpxx12" name="footnotetagcpxx12"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx12"><sup>12</sup></a> but -it is. For in olde time men called yeares of ten monethes -of the which Marche was the fyrst & December the last. -But Cayus Cezar<a id="footnotetagcpxx13" name="footnotetagcpxx13"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx13"><sup>13</sup></a> that was Emperour of Rome dyd -sette to these two moneths Januarie & Februarie and -ordeyned the yere of xii months. That is to say ccc<a id="footnotetagcpxx14" name="footnotetagcpxx14"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx14"><sup>14</sup></a> -dayes without lepe yere the proper course of the sonne -and therefore after the accompting of x moneths to the -yeare, he dyed in xl yeare and three moneths.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a href="images/053-700.png"><img src="images/053-300.png" width="300" height="412" alt="the pillar and three other pillars" /></a></div> - -<p>Also within mounte Calvary at the ryghte syde is -there an aulter where the piller lyeth that our Lorde was -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page53" id="page53"></a>[pg 53]</span> -bound to when he was scourged and thereby are three<a id="footnotetagcpxx15" name="footnotetagcpxx15"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx15"><sup>15</sup></a> -other pyllers that alwaye drop water, and some saye -that those pyllers weepe for our Lords death, and neare -this aulter in a place xlii grees<a id="footnotetagcpxx16" name="footnotetagcpxx16"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx16"><sup>16</sup></a> depe was founde the -verye crosse by the assent<a id="footnotetagcpxx17" name="footnotetagcpxx17"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx17"><sup>17</sup></a> -of sainct Eleyn<a id="footnotetagcpxx18" name="footnotetagcpxx18"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx18"><sup>18</sup></a> under a -roch where the Jewes had hydde it and it was assayed, -for they founde three crosses, one of our Lorde and two -of theves. And Saint Elene assayed them on a dead -body that rose as sone as the very<a id="footnotetagcpxx19" name="footnotetagcpxx19"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx19"><sup>19</sup></a> crosse of our Lorde -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page54" id="page54"></a>[pg 54]</span> -was laid on him. And thereby, in the vale, is the place -where the foure nayles of our Lord were hyd, for he had -two nayles in his handes and two in his fete, and one of -those nailes the Emperour of Constantinople<a id="footnotetagcpxx20" name="footnotetagcpxx20"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx20"><sup>20</sup></a> dyde -make a bridell for his horse to beare him in bataile, for -by<a id="footnotetagcpxx21" name="footnotetagcpxx21"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx21"><sup>21</sup></a> the vertue that it had, he overcame his enimies, -and wan<a id="footnotetagcpxx22" name="footnotetagcpxx22"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx22"><sup>22</sup></a> all the land of Asye, Turky, Damasse the -more<a id="footnotetagcpxx23" name="footnotetagcpxx23"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx23"><sup>23</sup></a> and the lesse, Surrey and Hierusalem, Araby, -Percy, and Mesopotamy, the Kingdome of Alabe,<a id="footnotetagcpxx24" name="footnotetagcpxx24"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx24"><sup>24</sup></a> Egipt -the high and the lowe, and other kingdomes many full -nyghe all unto Ethyope the low, and also unto Inde the -lesse, that then was chrysten. And there was in that -tyme many good men and holy hermits, of whome the -booke of<a id="footnotetagcpxx25" name="footnotetagcpxx25"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx25"><sup>25</sup></a> the fathers lyves speaketh, and they are now -in Paynims & Sarasins handes, but whan God will -righte<a id="footnotetagcpxx26" name="footnotetagcpxx26"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx26"><sup>26</sup></a> as these landes are lost through sinne of Christen -men, so shall they be won againe by christen men throygh -the helpe of God. And in the myddes of this Church -is a compasse,<a id="footnotetagcpxx27" name="footnotetagcpxx27"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx27"><sup>27</sup></a> -in the which Joseph of Armath<a id="footnotetagcpxx28" name="footnotetagcpxx28"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx28"><sup>28</sup></a> layd -the body of our Lord whan he had taken him of<a id="footnotetagcpxx29" name="footnotetagcpxx29"></a><a href="#footnotecpxx29"><sup>29</sup></a> the -crosse & upon the same place dyd he wash the fete of -our Lorde, & that compasse men say is in the myddes -of the world.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx1" name="footnotecpxx1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx1">1:</a> -Tried hard.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx2" name="footnotecpxx2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx2">2:</a> -Mortise.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx3" name="footnotecpxx3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx3">3:</a> -Mixed.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx4" name="footnotecpxx4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx4">4:</a> -Steps.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx5" name="footnotecpxx5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx5">5:</a> -Altar.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx6" name="footnotecpxx6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx6">6:</a> -Bouillon.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx7" name="footnotecpxx7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx7">7:</a> -Baldwin.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx8" name="footnotecpxx8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx8">8:</a> -Placed.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx9" name="footnotecpxx9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx9">9:</a> -Should read <ins title="Greek: Ho Theos Basileus hemon pro aionon eirgasato soterian en meso tes ges.">Ὁ θεὸς -βασιλεὺς -ἡμῶν πρὸ αἰώνων -εἰργάσατο -σωτηρίαν -ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς.</ins></p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx10" name="footnotecpxx10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx10">10:</a> -Should read <ins title="Greek: Ho eides, esti Basis tes pisteos holes tou kosmou toutou.">Ὃ εἲδες, -ἐστὶ βάσις -τῆς -πίστεως -ὅλης τοῦ -κόσμου -τούτου.</ins></p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx11" name="footnotecpxx11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx11">11:</a> -Other editions have 33 years and 3 months.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx12" name="footnotecpxx12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx12">12:</a> -Sooth, true.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx13" name="footnotecpxx13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx13">13:</a> -Caius Julius Cæsar.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx14" name="footnotecpxx14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx14">14:</a> -Other editions give the proper number of days, <i>viz.</i>, 365.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx15" name="footnotecpxx15"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx15">15:</a> -Other editions say four, which is the number represented in the engraving.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx16" name="footnotecpxx16"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx16">16:</a> -Paces.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx17" name="footnotecpxx17"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx17">17:</a> -Perception, or sagacity. <i>Lat.</i>, sensus.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx18" name="footnotecpxx18"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx18">18:</a> -Helena, mother of Constantine.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx19" name="footnotecpxx19"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx19">19:</a> -True, veritable.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx20" name="footnotecpxx20"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx20">20:</a> -Another is said to be incorporated in the so-called Iron Crown of Lombardy. Guisto Fontanini, Archbishop of Ancyra, gives a -list of twenty-three places claiming to have a nail—Venice having <i>three</i>. M. Rohault de Fleury gives six more—whilst, according to -tradition, Helena sent two to her son, and threw one in the sea to still a storm, thus leaving but one to meet all demands.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx21" name="footnotecpxx21"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx21">21:</a> -Through.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx22" name="footnotecpxx22"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx22">22:</a> -Won or conquered.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx23" name="footnotecpxx23"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx23">23:</a> -Greater.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx24" name="footnotecpxx24"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx24">24:</a> -Aleppo.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx25" name="footnotecpxx25"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx25">25:</a> -The Vitæ Sanctorum Patrum, many old printed copies of which exist.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx26" name="footnotecpxx26"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx26">26:</a> -When God thinks fit.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx27" name="footnotecpxx27"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx27">27:</a> -A linen swathing-band.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxx28" name="footnotecpxx28"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx28">28:</a> -Arimathæa.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxx29" name="footnotecpxx29"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxx29">29:</a> -Off.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page55" id="page55"></a>[pg 55]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the church of the holy sepulchre.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>N that Churche of the sepulcre on the north syde is -the place where our Lord was done<a id="footnotetagcpxxi1" name="footnotetagcpxxi1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxi1"><sup>1</sup></a> (<i>in</i>) prison, and -there is a part of the cheyne with which he was bound, -and there he appeared fyrst to Mary Magdeleyne when -he was risen from death and she trowed<a id="footnotetagcpxxi2" name="footnotetagcpxxi2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxi2"><sup>2</sup></a> that he had -bene a gardeiner. In the Church of the sepulcre was -wont to be<a id="footnotetagcpxxi3" name="footnotetagcpxxi3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxi3"><sup>3</sup></a> Chanons of sainct Benet and they had a -pryour; but the Patryarke was theyr soveraigne.</p> - -<p>And without the dores of the Churche on the righte -syde as men go up xviii grees,<a id="footnotetagcpxxi4" name="footnotetagcpxxi4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxi4"><sup>4</sup></a> our Lorde sayde to his -mother<a id="footnotetagcpxxi5" name="footnotetagcpxxi5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxi5"><sup>5</sup></a> <i>Ecce filius tuus</i>. That is to say, Woman beholde -thy sonne, <i>De inde dixit discipulo, Ecce mater tua.</i> That -is to say, Then said he to his disciple, Behold thy -mother.<a id="footnotetagcpxxi6" name="footnotetagcpxxi6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxi6"><sup>6</sup></a> And these wordes he sayde when he hanged -upon the crosse. And upon these greces went our -Lorde when he bare the crosse uppon his shoulder, and -under these greces is a Chappell where the priestes -synge, but not after our lawe, and alway they make -theyr Sacrament of the aulter of bread, say <i>Pater noster</i> -&c., and other prayers, as with the which thing they say -the wordes of whome the sacrament is made, for they -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page56" id="page56"></a>[pg 56]</span> -know not of the addicions that many Popes haue made -but they singe in good devocion. And nere there is the -stone wher our Lord rested him when he was wery for -bearing of the crosse. And ye shall understand that -before the Churche of the Sepulcre is the citie most -strong<a id="footnotetagcpxxi7" name="footnotetagcpxxi7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxi7"><sup>7</sup></a> for the great playne that is betwene the citie -& the church; on the East side without the walles of -the citie is the vale of Josaphat that commeth to the -walles. In that vale of Josaphat without the citie, is the -churche of sainct Stephen where he was stoned to death, -and thereby is the gate gylted that may not be opened. -Through this gate our Lord entred on palme Sonday -upon an asse, and the gate opened against him whan he -would go to the Temple, and yet are the steppes of the -asse sene in three places the which stand<a id="footnotetagcpxxi8" name="footnotetagcpxxi8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxi8"><sup>8</sup></a> in full harde -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page57" id="page57"></a>[pg 57]</span> -stones. Before the churche of the sepulcre two hundred -paces, is a great hospitall of Sainct John, in the which -hospytall are liiii pyllers made of stone.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/056-1000.png"><img src="images/056-500.png" width="500" height="346" alt="Stephen" /></a></div> - -<p>And to go towarde the East from the hospitall is a -righte fayre churche that men call our lady the greate, -and then is there another church after that, that men -call our lady of the latyn,<a id="footnotetagcpxxi9" name="footnotetagcpxxi9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxi9"><sup>9</sup></a> and there it was Mary -Cleophe and Magdeleyne drew<a id="footnotetagcpxxi10" name="footnotetagcpxxi10"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxi10"><sup>10</sup></a> theyr here whan oure -Lord was put to death.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxi1" name="footnotecpxxi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxi1">1:</a> -Put.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxi2" name="footnotecpxxi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxi2">2:</a> -Thought or believed.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxi3" name="footnotecpxxi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxi3">3:</a> -Were formerly Canons of the Order of St. Benedict.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxi4" name="footnotecpxxi4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxi4">4:</a> -Should be <i>greces</i> or steps.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxi5" name="footnotecpxxi5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxi5">5:</a> -The printer has omitted the word "<i>Mulier</i> ecce," &c.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxi6" name="footnotecpxxi6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxi6">6:</a> -Gospel according to St. John, cap. 19, vv. 26, 27.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxi7" name="footnotecpxxi7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxi7">7:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says, "most wake" or weak, and other editions say, "feeble."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxi8" name="footnotecpxxi8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxi8">8:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> has this passage: "The wyche are full of harde stones."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxi9" name="footnotecpxxi9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxi9">9:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says "Nostre dame de Vatyns."</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxi10" name="footnotecpxxi10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxi10">10:</a> -Tore.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the Temple of God.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND from the churche of the sepulcre towarde the -East at xviii<a id="footnotetagcpxxii1" name="footnotetagcpxxii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxii1"><sup>1</sup></a> paces is <i>Templum Domini</i>. That is a -fayre house and it is all rounde and ryghte high & covered -with leed,<a id="footnotetagcpxxii2" name="footnotetagcpxxii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxii2"><sup>2</sup></a> and it is well paved with white marble, but -y<sup>e</sup> Sarasins wyl suffre no christen men ne Jewes to come -therein, for they say that so<a id="footnotetagcpxxii3" name="footnotetagcpxxii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxii3"><sup>3</sup></a> foule men should not come -into that holye place, but I came therein and in other -places where I woulde, for I had letters of the Soudan, -wyth hys great seal, and, commonly, other men but -have of his signet, and men beare hys letter with his -seale before them hanginge on a speare, and men do -great worship thereto, and kneele against<a id="footnotetagcpxxii4" name="footnotetagcpxxii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxii4"><sup>4</sup></a> it as it were -against God's body: for those men that it is sent to, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page58" id="page58"></a>[pg 58]</span> -before they take it, they encline<a id="footnotetagcpxxii5" name="footnotetagcpxxii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxii5"><sup>5</sup></a> thereto and then they -take it, and laye it upon their heads, and afterward they -kisse it, and then they reade it, all enclining with great -worship, and then they profer<a id="footnotetagcpxxii6" name="footnotetagcpxxii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxii6"><sup>6</sup></a> them to do all that the -bringer will. And in this Templum Domini were wont -to be Chanons regulers, and they had an Abbot to -whome they were obedient, in this Temple was Charlemaine -when the Aungell brought him the prepuis of -our Lorde when he was circumsised, and after King -Charles brought it to Acon<a id="footnotetagcpxxii7" name="footnotetagcpxxii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxii7"><sup>7</sup></a> into our Ladies Chapell.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a href="images/058-700.png"><img src="images/058-300.png" width="300" height="419" alt="Templum Domini" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxii1" name="footnotecpxxii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxii1">1:</a> -Other editions say 160 paces.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxii2" name="footnotecpxxii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxii2">2:</a> -Lead.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxii3" name="footnotecpxxii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxii3">3:</a> -Such unclean.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxii4" name="footnotecpxxii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxii4">4:</a> -Before.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxii5" name="footnotecpxxii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxii5">5:</a> -Bow.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxii6" name="footnotecpxxii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxii6">6:</a> -Proffer or offer.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxii7" name="footnotecpxxii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxii7">7:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> and others say Paris.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page59" id="page59"></a>[pg 59]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Yet of the temple of God.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND ye shall understande that this is not the temple -that Salomon made, for that temple lasted but a -thousand, an hundred and two yeare. For Titus, Vespasianus -Son, that was Emperour of Rome that layde -syege about Hierusalem for to discomfyte the Jewes, for -they hadde put Chryst to death without leave of the -Emperour, and when he had taken the citie he did -brenne the temple and caste it downe, and toke all the -Jewes and put to death CXIM and the other he put in -prison, and solde xxx for a peny for they sayd that they -bought Jesu Christ for xxx pence. And sithen<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii1" name="footnotetagcpxxiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> gave -Julian Apostata leve to y<sup>e</sup> Jewes to make the Temple -of Hierusalem againe for he hated christen men, and -yet he was Chrysten, but he forsoke his lawe. And whan -the Jewes hadde made the Temple, then came an earthe -quacke (as God woulde) and caste downe all that they -had made. Sythen Adryan the Emperour that was of -them of Troye made Hierusalem againe and the Temple -in that same maner that Salomon made it, and would -that no Jewe should dwell there but all christen men, -for if all it were<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii2" name="footnotetagcpxxiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> so that he was not chrystened, he loved -the christen men more than other men, save men of his -owne fayth. And this emperour dyd enclose and wall -the church of the holy sepulcre within the citie, that -before was farre without the citie, and he would have -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page60" id="page60"></a>[pg 60]</span> -chaunged the name of Hierusalem and called it Helyam,<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii3" name="footnotetagcpxxiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> -but that name lasted not longe. And ye shall wete<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii4" name="footnotetagcpxxiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> -that the Sarasins do greate worship to that Temple and -they saye that place is right holy, and when they go -therein they go bare foote and knele many times downe. -And when I and my felowes came therein, we did of<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii5" name="footnotetagcpxxiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> -our harnesse<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii6" name="footnotetagcpxxiii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii6"><sup>6</sup></a> and came bare foote into the Temple & -thought that we should doe as much or more than they -that were mistrowing.<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii7" name="footnotetagcpxxiii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii7"><sup>7</sup></a> -And this Temple is three score<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii8" name="footnotetagcpxxiii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii8"><sup>8</sup></a> -and three cubites of wydenesse and as much of length -and xxxii<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii9" name="footnotetagcpxxiii9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii9"><sup>9</sup></a> cubites in height and covered with lead and -it is within full of pillers of Marble. And in the middes -of the Temple is a stage of twenty<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii10" name="footnotetagcpxxiii10"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii10"><sup>10</sup></a> and foure greces of -height and good pillers all about. This place called -of Jewes <i>Sancta Sanctorum</i>. That is to say Holy of -Holyest and in that place cometh none but their -prelate that maketh theyr sacrafyce, and the people -standeth all about in divers stages, after they are<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii11" name="footnotetagcpxxiii11"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii11"><sup>11</sup></a> of -dignitie and worshippe, and there be foure entrings into -that Temple and the dores are of Cipres well dighte,<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii12" name="footnotetagcpxxiii12"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii12"><sup>12</sup></a> -and within the East dore our Lord sayd, here is Hierusalem. -And on the northe syde within the dore is a -fountaine but it runneth not; of the which holy writ -speaketh & saith thus—<i>Vidi aquam egredientem de -templo</i>. That is to saye, I saw water comming out of -the temple. And upon the other side is a roche that -men calle sometyme Moryach, but after it was called -Belet,<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii13" name="footnotetagcpxxiii13"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii13"><sup>13</sup></a> or the arke of God, with the reliques of the -Jewes. Thys arke did Titus cary with him to Rome -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page61" id="page61"></a>[pg 61]</span> -when he had discomfited all the Jewes. In that same -arke were the ten commandementes and Aarons rodde -and Moyses rodde with which he departed<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii14" name="footnotetagcpxxiii14"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii14"><sup>14</sup></a> the red sea, -when the people of Israeli passed through on dryefoote -& with that rod he did many wonders, and there was the -vessell of gold ful of manna, & clothing & ornaments & -the tabernacle of Aaron, and a table square of golde -with twelve precious stones, & a box of Jasper graven -with four figures & eight names of our Lorde within, -& seven candlesticks of golde, & foure sensers of golde, -and an aulter also of fine gold & foure lions of gold, -uppon the which they had Cherubin of gold twelve -spanne long, & a tabernacle of golde & also twelve<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii15" name="footnotetagcpxxiii15"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii15"><sup>15</sup></a> -trumpets of silver & a table of sylver & seven barly -loves and all other reliques that were before the nativitie -of Jesu. Also upon this roch slept Jacob, when he sawe -Aungels go up and downe, and sayde, <i>Vere locus iste -sanctus est, et ego ignorabam</i>, That is to say Forsooth this -place is holy & I wist<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii16" name="footnotetagcpxxiii16"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii16"><sup>16</sup></a> it not. And there the Aungel -chaunged Jacob's name and called him Israell. And in -that same place David saw the aungell that slew the -people with a sworde, and put it all blody in the shethe. -And in this roch was saynct Symeon when he received -our Lorde into the temple, and on this roch he set him -when the Jewes would have stoned him and the roch -rived in two and in that refte<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii17" name="footnotetagcpxxiii17"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii17"><sup>17</sup></a> he hid him and after a -sterre came downe & gave him light. And on this roch -sat our Lady and learned hir sauter.<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii18" name="footnotetagcpxxiii18"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii18"><sup>18</sup></a> And there forgave -our Lord the sinnes of the woman that was taken -and found in adoultry, and there was our Lorde Jesu -Christ circumcised, and there the Aungell denounced to -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page62" id="page62"></a>[pg 62]</span> -Zachary the nativitie of sainct Jhon Baptist, and there -offred fyrst Melchisedech bread and wine and water to -our Lorde in tokening of the sacrament that was to -come, and there fell Davyd, praying to our Lorde for -mercy for him and for his people, when he sawe the -Aungell slea<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii19" name="footnotetagcpxxiii19"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii19"><sup>19</sup></a> his people, and our Lorde anon herde his -prayer, & therefore woulde he make the Temple in that -place, but our Lorde Jesu Christ forbadde hym by an -Aungell, for he had done treason when he did slea -Euryas, a good knight, for to haue his wyfe. And therefore -all that he had ordeined for to make the Temple -he betoke<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii20" name="footnotetagcpxxiii20"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii20"><sup>20</sup></a> it to Salomon hys sonne, and he made it, -and he prayed our Lorde, that all those that prayed in -that place devoutly, and wyth good hearte, that he -woulde heare theyr prayer and graunt that they asked -ryght wysely, and our Lorde graunted it, and therefore -Salomons son called it the Temple of counseyll and -helpe of God. Wythout the dores of that Temple is an -auter, where Jewes were wont to offer doves<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii21" name="footnotetagcpxxiii21"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii21"><sup>21</sup></a> and turtylles, -and in that Temple was Zachary slayne, and on -that pynacle the Jewes sette Sainct James that was the -fyrst Byshoppe of Hierusalem. And a lyttle from this -temple on the right syde, is a church covered with lead, -that is called the scole<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii22" name="footnotetagcpxxiii22"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii22"><sup>22</sup></a> of Salomon. And toward the -south is the temple of Salomon that is full fayre, and a -greate place, and in this place dwell knightes y<sup>t</sup> are -called Templars and that was the founder thereof and -of theyr order and in that Templum Domini dwell -Chanons. From this Temple towarde the East xxvi<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii23" name="footnotetagcpxxiii23"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii23"><sup>23</sup></a> -paces in a corner of the citie, is the bathe of our Lorde, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page63" id="page63"></a>[pg 63]</span> -and (<i>in</i>) thys bath was wont to go<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii24" name="footnotetagcpxxiii24"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii24"><sup>24</sup></a> to Paradise & beside -is our Ladies bed and nere there is the tombe of Saynt -Symeon. And without the Cloyster of the Temple -towarde the North is a ryght fayre Churche of Sainct -Anne our Ladies mother, & there was our ladye conceyved, -and before that churche is a great tree that -began to grow that same nighte. And as men go downe -from y<sup>t</sup> Church xxii greces lieth Joachim our ladyes -father, in a tombe of stone and there nere was layde -sometyme sainct Anne, but saint Eleyne did translate -hir to Constantinople. In this churche is a well in maner -of a cesterne that is called <i>Probatica piscina</i> that hath -five entrings, and in that cesterne was wont an Aungell -to discende and sterre the water, and what man that -bathed him firste therein after the morning,<a id="footnotetagcpxxiii25" name="footnotetagcpxxiii25"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiii25"><sup>25</sup></a> was made -hole that was sicke, what sycknesse so euer he had, and -there was the man of the palsye made hole, that was -sicke xxxviii yeare and our Lorde sayde to him in this -maner of wyse <i>Tolle grabatum tuum et ambula</i>. That is -to say, take thy bed and go. And there besyde, was -the house of Pylate and a little thence was the house of -Kinge Herode that dyd slea the Innocentes.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxiii1" name="footnotecpxxiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii1">1:</a> -Since then.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii2" name="footnotecpxxiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii2">2:</a> -For even if he were not baptised.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii3" name="footnotecpxxiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii3">3:</a> -Ælia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii4" name="footnotecpxxiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii4">4:</a> -Know.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii5" name="footnotecpxxiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii5">5:</a> -Put off.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii6" name="footnotecpxxiii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii6">6:</a> -Armour.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii7" name="footnotecpxxiii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii7">7:</a> -Unbelieving.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii8" name="footnotecpxxiii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii8">8:</a> -Other editions say, respectively, 64, 120, and 14.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii9" name="footnotecpxxiii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii9">9:</a> -As Footnote 8.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii10" name="footnotecpxxiii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii10">10:</a> -As Footnote 8.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii11" name="footnotecpxxiii11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii11">11:</a> -According to their dignity, &c.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii12" name="footnotecpxxiii12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii12">12:</a> -Finely ornamented.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii13" name="footnotecpxxiii13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii13">13:</a> -Bethel.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii14" name="footnotecpxxiii14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii14">14:</a> -Divided.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii15" name="footnotecpxxiii15"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii15">15:</a> -Other editions say 2.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii16" name="footnotecpxxiii16"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii16">16:</a> -Knew.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii17" name="footnotecpxxiii17"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii17">17:</a> -Rift or cleft.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii18" name="footnotecpxxiii18"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii18">18:</a> -Psalter.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii19" name="footnotecpxxiii19"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii19">19:</a> -Slay.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii20" name="footnotecpxxiii20"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii20">20:</a> -Bequeathed.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii21" name="footnotecpxxiii21"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii21">21:</a> -Pigeons and turtle doves.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii22" name="footnotecpxxiii22"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii22">22:</a> -School.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii23" name="footnotecpxxiii23"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii23">23:</a> -Other editions say 120.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiii24" name="footnotecpxxiii24"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii24">24:</a> -Others say, "wont to come water <i>from</i> Paradise."</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxiii25" name="footnotecpxxiii25"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiii25">25:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> has it "moving."</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/063-200.png"><img src="images/063-100.png" width="100" height="67" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page64" id="page64"></a>[pg 64]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXIIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of Herod the King.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HIS King Herod was a full wycked man and a -fell,<a id="footnotetagcpxxiiii1" name="footnotetagcpxxiiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> for he did firste and formost slea his wife -which he loved full well, and for the greate love of hir, -he went out of his witte,<a id="footnotetagcpxxiiii2" name="footnotetagcpxxiiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> and so was he a long time, and -afterwarde he came againe to himselfe. And sythen he -did slea his own children that he had gotten of that -same wyfe, and after he made slea<a id="footnotetagcpxxiiii3" name="footnotetagcpxxiiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> the other, his second -wife & a son that he had gotten of that same wyfe, and -after he did slea his owne mother, & he wold also haue -slaine his owne brother, but his brother died sodeinly, -and thus he did all the yll that he might. And then he -fell syke and when he sawe that he should dye, he sent -for his sister, and all the great lordes of that countrie, -and when they were there, he did put all the Lordes into -a toure and sayde to his syster, he wist well that the men -of the countrey should make no sorowe for him when he -was deade, and therefore he made hir for to sweare unto -him that she should<a id="footnotetagcpxxiiii4" name="footnotetagcpxxiiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxiiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> do smite of the heads of his lordes -every one, after his death and then shoulde men of the -countrey make sorowe for his death or else they woulde -not sorowe and then he made his testament. But his -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page65" id="page65"></a>[pg 65]</span> -sister fulfylled it not as of that thing that pertayned -unto the lordes, for, as sone as he was deade, she -delyvered the lordes out of the toure, and sent every one -home to theyr houses, and tolde them what hir brother -would that she do unto them. And ye shall understande -that in that tyme was three Herodes of great name. -This of whome I speake, men called him Herode Ascolonite, -and he that did smite of Saint John Baptist -heade, was called Herode Antipa and the thirde was -called Herode Agrypa that did sleay Saint James and -put Saint Peter in prison.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxiiii1" name="footnotecpxxiiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiiii1">1:</a> -Crafty.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiiii2" name="footnotecpxxiiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiiii2">2:</a> -In <i>Pynson's</i> version it is "and for the greate love that he had -to hir, whan she was dede, he behelde her, and want out of his -wyt."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxiiii3" name="footnotecpxxiiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiiii3">3:</a> -Killed.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxiiii4" name="footnotecpxxiiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxiiii4">4:</a> -Cause to be smitten off.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/065-400.png"><img src="images/065-200.png" width="200" height="149" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page66" id="page66"></a>[pg 66]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXV.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of Saynte Salvators church.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/066-1000.png"><img src="images/066-500.png" width="500" height="356" alt="Saynte Salvators church" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span> LYTTEL within the citie is saynct Salvatours -church & therein is Saint Jhon Crysostoms arme, -and the most part of Sainct Stephens head.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/067-1000.png"><img src="images/067-500.png" width="500" height="355" alt="church of sainct James" /></a></div> - -<p>And on the other syde towarde the south as men go -to mount Syon is a fayre church of sainct James where -his head was smitten of, and there is mounte Syon -and there is a fayre church of God and of our Lady -where she was dwelling and dyed, and there was -sometime an Abbey of Chanons regulers and from that -place she was borne of the Apostles unto the Vale of -Josaphat. And there is the stone that y<sup>e</sup> aungel bare -to our ladye from mount Synay & it is of that colour -that the roche of Sainct Katheryne is of, and there -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page67" id="page67"></a>[pg 67]</span> -besyde is the gate where our Ladye when she was with -Childe went through to Bethlem. Also at the entrynge -of Mount Syon is a chappell and in that Chapell is that -stone greate and large, with which the Sepulcre was -covered when Christe was layde therein, the which stone -as it is wrytten y<sup>e</sup> three Maryes saw turned upward when -they came to the sepulcre, and they found an Aungell -that sayd to them, that Christ was rysen from death to -lyfe. And there is a litle piller to the which our Lord -was bounde and scourged, and there was Anas house -that was bishop of the Jewes in that time, and in that -same place forsoke Saint Peter our Lord thrise before -the Cocke crewe. And there is a part of the table on -the which God made his maunde with his disciples & yet -is there the vessell with water out of the which his disciples -feete were washed, and thereby is Sainct Stephens -grave and there is the Aulter where our Lady heard the -Aungels sing masse and there appeared Christ fyrst to -his disciples after his resurrection, and when the gates -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page68" id="page68"></a>[pg 68]</span> -were sperde,<a id="footnotetagcpxxv1" name="footnotetagcpxxv1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxv1"><sup>1</sup></a> and sayde <i>Pax vobiscum</i>. That is to saye, -Peace be to you. And on that Mount apeared Christ to -Sainct Thomas, and badde him assaye hys Wounde, and -that was the viii daye after his resurrection and then he -beleved perfectly & sayde <i>Dominus meus & deus meus</i>. -That is to say in English, My Lorde & my God. In -that same Chappell behind the highe aulter were all -the Apostles on Witsonday, when the holy ghoste -descended on them in likenesse of fyre, and there made -God Paske<a id="footnotetagcpxxv2" name="footnotetagcpxxv2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxv2"><sup>2</sup></a> with his disciples, and there slepte Saynt -Jhon the Evangelyst on our Lordes breast and saw sleping -many privy things of heaven. And mount Syon is -within the Citie, and it is a lyttle hygher than the other -syde of the Citie, and that Citie is stronger on that one -syde than on the other, for at the fote of mount Syon is -a fayre Castell & strong which the Soudan did cause to -be made there. On mount Syon was King David buried -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page69" id="page69"></a>[pg 69]</span> -and Salomon and many other Kings of Hierusalem, and -here is the place where saint Peter wepte full tenderly -when he had forsaken our Lorde, and a stones cast from -that is another place where our Lord was judged, for -that time was there Caiphas house & betwene that Temple -(<i>of</i>) Salomon and Mount Sion is the place where -Christ raysed the mayden from death to lyfe. Under -mount Syon toward the vale of Josaphat is a well that -men call Natatorium<a id="footnotetagcpxxv3" name="footnotetagcpxxv3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxv3"><sup>3</sup></a> Sylo, there was our Lord washed -after he was baptized. And thereby is the tree on -which Judas hanged himselfe for dispaire when he had -soulde Christ. And thereby is the synagoge where the -Bishops of Jewes and the Pharyses came to hold theyr -counsel and there Judas cast the xxx pence before them -& said <i>Peccavi tradens sanguinem justum</i>, That is to -saye, I haue sinned in betraying the innocent bloude.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/068-1000.png"><img src="images/068-500.png" width="500" height="340" alt="the tree on which Judas hanged himselfe" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxv1" name="footnotecpxxv1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxv1">1:</a> -Shut.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxv2" name="footnotecpxxv2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxv2">2:</a> -Kept the Passover.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxv3" name="footnotecpxxv3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxv3">3:</a> -The Pool of Siloah.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXVI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the feelde of Acheldemack</i><a id="footnotetagcpxxvi1" name="footnotetagcpxxvi1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxvi1"><sup>1</sup></a> <i>which was bought with the -xxx pence.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">O</span>N the other syde of mount Syon towarde the South -a stons Cast, is the feeld that was bought with -those xxx pence for which Christe was sold, that men -call Acheldemack, that is to say the feeld of bloude, in -that feelde is many tombes of Chrysten men for there -bee many pylgrims graven.<a id="footnotetagcpxxvi2" name="footnotetagcpxxvi2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxvi2"><sup>2</sup></a> And also in Hierusalem -toward the weast, is a fayre churche where the tree grew -of which the crosse was made and thereby is a fayre -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page70" id="page70"></a>[pg 70]</span> -churche where our lady mette with Elizabeth when they -were both with Chylde & sainct Jhon styrred in his -mothers wombe and made worship to our Lord his -maker, and under the aulter of the church is a place -where Sainct Jhon was borne and thereby is the castell -of Emax.<a id="footnotetagcpxxvi3" name="footnotetagcpxxvi3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxvi3"><sup>3</sup></a></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxvi1" name="footnotecpxxvi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxvi1">1:</a> -Aceldama.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxvi2" name="footnotecpxxvi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxvi2">2:</a> -Buried.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxvi3" name="footnotecpxxvi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxvi3">3:</a> -Emmaus.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXVII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of mount Joye.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>WO myle from Hierusalem is the mounte Joye that -is a fayre place and a liking, & there lieth Samuell -the prophete in a fayre tombe, and it is called mount -Joye for there many pylgrims se first Hierusalem. And -in the middle of the Vale of Josaphat is a lyttle ryver -that is called Torrens<a id="footnotetagcpxxvii1" name="footnotetagcpxxvii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxvii1"><sup>1</sup></a> Cedron, and over thwart this laye -a tree, of the which the crosse was made, that men -passed over on. <a name="page70a" id="page70a"></a>Also in y<sup>e</sup> vale is a churche of our -lady, and there is the sepulchre of our lady, and our -lady was of age when she dyed, lxxii yeare. And -there nere is the place where our Lorde forgaue Sainct -Peter all his sinnes and mysdedes that he had done. -And beside that is a chappell where Judas kissed our -Lorde, that men call Getsemay,<a id="footnotetagcpxxvii2" name="footnotetagcpxxvii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxvii2"><sup>2</sup></a> and he was taken of the -Jewes, and there lefte Christ his disciples before his -passion, when he went to praye, and seyd, <i>Pater si fieri -potest, transeat a me calix iste</i>, that is to say in English, -Father if it may be done, let this chalice go from me. -Also thereby is a chapell where our Lord swet both bloud -& water and there is the tombe of King Josaphat, of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page71" id="page71"></a>[pg 71]</span> -whom the Vale had the name, and on the syde of that -Vale is the mount Olivet, and it is called so for there -groweth many Olive trees, and it is higher than Hierusalem -& therefore from that hill men may see into the -streetes of Hierusalem. And betwene that hill and the -citie is nothing but the vale of Josaphat and that is not -full large, and uppon that hyl stode our Lorde when he -went into heaven, and yet semeth there the steppe<a id="footnotetagcpxxvii3" name="footnotetagcpxxvii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxvii3"><sup>3</sup></a> of -his left foote in the stone. And there is an Abbey of -black chanons that was great sometime, but now there is -but a church. And but a little thence xviii paces is a -chapell, and there is the stone on the which our Lord -God sate and when he preched, and sayde thus, <i>Beati -pauperes spiritu, quoniam ipsorum est regnum celorum</i>. -That is to saye in English, Blessed be they that are poore -in spirite, for theyrs is the Kingdome of heaven, and -ther he taught his disciples theyr <i>Pater noster</i>. There -also is a churche of that blessed woman Mary Egypcian, -and there is she buryed. And uppon the other side -towarde the East three bow shotes from thence, standeth -Bethephage, where our Lorde Jesu Christ sente Sainct -Peter and saynte James, for to fetch an asse on Palme -Sonday.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxvii1" name="footnotecpxxvii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxvii1">1:</a> -The Brook Kedron.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxvii2" name="footnotecpxxvii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxvii2">2:</a> -Gethsemane.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxvii3" name="footnotecpxxvii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxvii3">3:</a> -Footprint.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/071-200.png"><img src="images/071-100.png" width="100" height="59" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page72" id="page72"></a>[pg 72]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXVIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the Castell Bethania.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HERE toward the East is a castel, that men call -Bethania and there dwelled Symon the lepruse, -that harborowed<a id="footnotetagcpxxviii1" name="footnotetagcpxxviii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxviii1"><sup>1</sup></a> our lord, and them that were Baptysed -of his disciples, and he was called Julyan and was made -Bishop and that is he that men call on for good harborow.<a id="footnotetagcpxxviii2" name="footnotetagcpxxviii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxviii2"><sup>2</sup></a> -In that same place our lord forgave Mary -Magdeleyne hir sinnes, and there she washed his fete -with teares & wiped them with hir here & there was -Lazarus raised that was foure dayes deade.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxviii1" name="footnotecpxxviii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxviii1">1:</a> -Lodged.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxviii2" name="footnotecpxxviii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxviii2">2:</a> -Protection.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXIX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of Jerico and other things.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>N the returning to mount Olivet, is the place where -oure Lorde wept uppon Hierusalem and thereby<a id="footnotetagcpxxix1" name="footnotetagcpxxix1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxix1"><sup>1</sup></a> -our Lady apeared to Sainct Thomas after hir assumption -and gave him hir gyrdell and thereby is the stone -on the which our Lorde sat often upon and preched and -thereon he shall syt at the day of Judgement, as himselfe -sayd. And there is mount Galile where the appostels -were gathered when Mary Magdelein tolde them of -Christe's rising. Betwene mount Olivet & mount -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page73" id="page73"></a>[pg 73]</span> -Galile is a church, where the Aungell sayde to our Lady -when she should die. And from Bethany to Jerico is -fiue myle. Jerico was sometime a little citie but it was -wasted, and now it is but a lyttle towne, that towne toke -Josue through miracle of God, & bydding of the -aungell, and destroyed it, & cursed all those that -builded it againe. Of that citie was Raab that common -woman, that received messengers of Israel & kept them -from many perils of deth, & therefore she had a good -rewarde, as holy writ sayth "<i>Quando accepit prophetum -in nomine meo mercedem prophetæ accipiet</i>." That is to say, -He that taketh a prophet in my name, he shall take -mede of a prophet.<a id="footnotetagcpxxix2" name="footnotetagcpxxix2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxix2"><sup>2</sup></a></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxix1" name="footnotecpxxix1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxix1">1:</a> -Close by.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxix2" name="footnotecpxxix2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxix2">2:</a> -Matt. x. 41, "He that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet, shall receive a prophet's reward."</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the holy place betwene Bethany and flom Jordane and -other things.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>LSO from Bethany men go from Jordan thorow the -Wildernesse and it is nere a daies journey betwene. -Toward the East is a great hill where our Lord fasted -<span class="sc">XL</span> dayes & upon this hill was Christ brought of the -fende<a id="footnotetagcpxxx1" name="footnotetagcpxxx1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxx1"><sup>1</sup></a> of Hell, & sayd to him thus, <i>Dic ut lapides isti -panis fiant</i>. That is to say, Commaund that these stones -be made bread. And there is an Hermitage wher -dwelled a maner of Christen men called Georgins<a id="footnotetagcpxxx2" name="footnotetagcpxxx2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxx2"><sup>2</sup></a> for -sainct George converted them, and upon that hill -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page74" id="page74"></a>[pg 74]</span> -dwelled Abraham a great whyle. Also as men go to -Jerico, in the way sate many sicke men crying, <i>Jesu fili -David, misere nobis</i>. That is to say, Jesu the sonne of -David have mercie upon us. And two myle from Jerico -is flom<a id="footnotetagcpxxx3" name="footnotetagcpxxx3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxx3"><sup>3</sup></a> Jordan & ye shall wete the dead sea departeth -the lande of Jude and of Araby and the water of the -sea is right bitter and this water casteth out a thinge -that men call <i>aspatum</i><a id="footnotetagcpxxx4" name="footnotetagcpxxx4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxx4"><sup>4</sup></a> as great pieces as a horse. And -Hierusalem is cc furlonges from this sea, and it is called -the dead sea, for it runneth not, nor no man, ne beast, -that hath life, that is therein, may lyve, and that hath -bene proved many times, for they have cast therein men -that were judged to death, nor no man may drinke of -that water & if men cast yron therein it commeth up -againe, and if a man cast a fether therein it goeth to the -grounde, and that is against kinde.<a id="footnotetagcpxxx5" name="footnotetagcpxxx5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxx5"><sup>5</sup></a></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/074-1000.png"><img src="images/074-500.png" width="500" height="355" alt="Dead Sea fruit" /></a></div> - -<p>And there about grow trees that beare fruite of faire -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page75" id="page75"></a>[pg 75]</span> -color and seme rype, but when a man breaketh them or -cut them, he findeth naught in them but coales or asshes, -in tokening that throughe the vengaunce of God these -cities were brent with the fyre of hell. And some men -call that lake the lake of Alphytedde,<a id="footnotetagcpxxx6" name="footnotetagcpxxx6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxx6"><sup>6</sup></a> and some call it -the flome of the divell, and some call it the stinking -flome, for the water thereof stynketh. There sanke -these five cities through the wrath of God, that is to -saye, Sodome, Gomor,<a id="footnotetagcpxxx7" name="footnotetagcpxxx7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxx7"><sup>7</sup></a> -Aldema,<a id="footnotetagcpxxx8" name="footnotetagcpxxx8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxx8"><sup>8</sup></a> -Solome,<a id="footnotetagcpxxx9" name="footnotetagcpxxx9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxx9"><sup>9</sup></a> and Segor, for -the sinne that raigned in them, but Segor through the -prayer of Loth, was saved a great while, for it sat on an -hyll, and yet apeareth much thereof above the water, -and men may see the walles in cleare weather. And in -this citie of Segor, Loth dwelled a great while -<span class="more"> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . </span> and at the ryght side -of this see dwelled Lothes wife in a stone of salt for that -she looked againe when the citie sanke downe.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxx1" name="footnotecpxxx1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxx1">1:</a> -Fiend.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxx2" name="footnotecpxxx2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxx2">2:</a> -Georgians.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxx3" name="footnotecpxxx3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxx3">3:</a> -River. <i>Lat.</i>, Flumen.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxx4" name="footnotecpxxx4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxx4">4:</a> -Asphaltum.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxx5" name="footnotecpxxx5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxx5">5:</a> -Nature.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxx6" name="footnotecpxxx6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxx6">6:</a> -Assafœtida.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxx7" name="footnotecpxxx7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxx7">7:</a> -Gomorrah.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxx8" name="footnotecpxxx8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxx8">8:</a> -Aldama.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxx9" name="footnotecpxxx9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxx9">9:</a> -Seboym.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXXI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of Abraham and his generation.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND ye shall understande that Lothe was Arons -sone, Abraham's brother, and Sara Abraham's wyfe -was Loths syster, and Sara was xc yere olde when she -gate Ysaac and Abraham had another son named Ismael -that he had gotten on his mayden Ager. And when -Ysaac was viii days olde he was circumcised and his -other son Ismaell was cyrcumcised the same day and -was xiiii yeare of age, therefore the Jewes that be of the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page76" id="page76"></a>[pg 76]</span> -generation of Isaac do circumcyse them at the viii day -of theyr age and the Sarasyns that be of Ismaels kinde -doe cyrcumsise them at theyr xiii yeare of age. And -into that dead sea aforesayde runneth flome Jordan and -maketh there an ende and this is within a myle of saint -Jhons church & a lyttle beneth that same church Westward, -were the Christen men are wont to bath them & a -myle thence is the river Loth, through which Jacob went -when he came from Mesopotamye.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXXII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the river Jordan.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HIS flom Jordan is no great ryver nor depe, but -there is much good fishe therein, and it commeth -from mount Lybany from two welles, that men call Jor and -Dane and of them it taketh the name. And upon the -one syde of that river is mount Gelboe,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxii1" name="footnotetagcpxxxii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxii1"><sup>1</sup></a> and there is a -fayre playne. And on that other syde men goe by -mount Lybany, to the desert of Pharon.<a id="footnotetagcpxxxii2" name="footnotetagcpxxxii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxii2"><sup>2</sup></a> These hylles -departe the kingdome of Surry and the countreys of -Phenys.<a id="footnotetagcpxxxii3" name="footnotetagcpxxxii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxii3"><sup>3</sup></a> On that hyll grow Cedres that beare longe -apples which are as muche as a mannes heade. Thys -flom Jordan departeth Galily and the lande of Idumea -and the lande of Botron<a id="footnotetagcpxxxii4" name="footnotetagcpxxxii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxii4"><sup>4</sup></a> & it runneth into a playne -that men call Meldam<a id="footnotetagcpxxxii5" name="footnotetagcpxxxii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxii5"><sup>5</sup></a> in Sarasyns language, and in -Englyshe, fayre, because ofte tymes bee there kepte -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page77" id="page77"></a>[pg 77]</span> -great fayres, and in the playne is the tombe of Job. In -this flom Jordane our Lord was baptised, and there was -the voice of the Father hearde saying, <i>Hic est filius meus -dilectus, in quo mihi bene complacui, ipsum audite</i>. That -is to saye in English, Here is my sonne that I love, in -whome I am well pleased, heare him. And the holy -ghost descended on him in lykenesse of a doue & so was -there in thys baptysing all the Trinitie. And through -the flome Jordan passed the children of Israell all dry, -and they sette stones in the myddest of the water, in -token of great myracle. And also in that flome Naaman -of Surry bathed him, that was mesel, and he was made -hole, and a lyttle from thence is the citie of Hay, the -which Josue assayled and toke. And about flom Jordan -are many churches where Christen men dwel, also by -flom Jordan, is the vale of Mambre that is a fayre vale -& a plenteous.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/077-1000.png"><img src="images/077-500.png" width="500" height="357" alt="cedar apples" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxii1" name="footnotecpxxxii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxii1">1:</a> -Gilboa.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxii2" name="footnotecpxxxii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxii2">2:</a> -Pharan.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxii3" name="footnotecpxxxii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxii3">3:</a> -Phœnicia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxii4" name="footnotecpxxxii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxii4">4:</a> -Betron.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxii5" name="footnotecpxxxii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxii5">5:</a> -In all probability the same as the Arabic word <i>Multamin</i>, which means a congregation of visitors.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page78" id="page78"></a>[pg 78]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXXIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of many other mervailes.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND ye shall understande, that for to go from the -dead sea afterward out of the marche of the land -of promissions, is a stronge Castell that men call Carran<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii1" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> -in Sermoys, that is to saye, the kinges hyll in English. -This castell did a King of Fraunce make, that men call -Baudewin, that had conquered all that lande, and put it -into Christen mens handes to kepe, and under that castell -is a fayre towne that men call Sabaoth, and there -about dwell many Christen men under tribute. And -then go men to Nazareth, of the which our Lord had -his name. And from Nazareth unto Hierusalem is -three dayes journey. Also men go through the province -of Galyle, through Romacha,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii2" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> -through Sophyn,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii3" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> and -through the hygh hill of Effrayne,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii4" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> where Anna that -was Samuells mother the prophet dwelled, & there was -the prophete borne and after his deathe was buried at -mount Joye as I have sayde. And after come men to -Sybula,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii5" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> -where the Arke of God was kepte under Helye<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii6" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii6"><sup>6</sup></a> -the Prophete. And there made the people of Israell<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii7" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii7"><sup>7</sup></a> -theyr sacrafyce unto our Lorde. Also there spake our -Lorde fyrst unto Samuell and there mynistered God the -sacrament. Also nere there at the lefte side is Gabaon<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii8" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii8"><sup>8</sup></a> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page79" id="page79"></a>[pg 79]</span> -and Rama<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii9" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii9"><sup>9</sup></a> & Benjamin of the which holy writ speaketh. -After that come men to Sychem, that some men call -Sycar and this is in the province of Samaritanes, and -sometime there was a Church, but it is all wasted, and it -a faire vale and plenteous, and there is a good citie that -men call Neople,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii10" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii10"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii10"><sup>10</sup></a> and from thence it is a dayes journey -unto Hierusalem. And there is the well where oure -Lorde spake to the woman of Samaritane, and Sechen -is ten myle from Hierusalem and it is called Neople, -that is to saye, the new towne. And there is the Temple -of Joseph, Jacobs sonne, that governed Egipte, and -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page80" id="page80"></a>[pg 80]</span> -from thence were his bones brought and layde in the -temple, and thyther came Jewes often in pilgrimage -with great devotion, and in that citie was Jacob's -daughter Diana ravished, for whom hir brethren slewe -many men, and thereby is the citie of Garysim<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii11" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii11"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii11"><sup>11</sup></a> where -the Samaritanes make their sacrifyce.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a href="images/079-700.png"><img src="images/079-300.png" width="300" height="413" alt="Abraham, Isaac, and the ram as alternate sacrifice" /></a></div> - -<p>On this hill wold Abraham haue sacryfised his sonne -Isaac and there nere is the vale Dotaym,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii12" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii12"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii12"><sup>12</sup></a> and there is -the cesterne that Josephe was cast in of his bretherne -before that they solde him, and it is two myle to Sichar, -and fro thence men come to Samary,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii13" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii13"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii13"><sup>13</sup></a> that men call -Sabaste, and that is the chiefe citie of that countrey, -and in that citie was the seat of the twelve Kynges of -Israell, but it is not so great as it was. And there was -saint John Baptist buried betwene two prophetes Helyas<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii14" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii14"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii14"><sup>14</sup></a> -and Abdon,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii15" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii15"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii15"><sup>15</sup></a> but he was beheaded in the castell of -Makaryn besyde the dead sea and he was translated<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii16" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii16"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii16"><sup>16</sup></a> of -his disciples and buried at Samary, but there dyd Julius -apostata take hys bones and brente<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii17" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii17"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii17"><sup>17</sup></a> them, for he was that -tyme Emperour, but that finger with whiche hee shewed -our Lord saying, <i>Ecce Agnus dei</i>, That is to say, -Beholde the lamb of God, and that finger might not bee -brent, and sainct Tecla<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii18" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii18"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii18"><sup>18</sup></a> the Virgin did bring this finger -under the Alphen,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii19" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii19"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii19"><sup>19</sup></a> that be mountaynes, where they do -it great worshippe. And there was sainct Jhon Baptist -head closed in a wall, but the Emperour Theodosius did -take it out, and found it lapped in a clothe all bloudie, -and bare it to Constantinople, and there is yet the one -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page81" id="page81"></a>[pg 81]</span> -halfe of the head, and the other is at Rome in Saint -Sylvesters church, & the vessell wherein his head was -layde when it was smitten of is at Geene,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiii20" name="footnotetagcpxxxiii20"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiii20"><sup>20</sup></a> and they do -it great worship. Some saye that Sainct Jhons hedde is -at Amiens in Pycardy, and some say it is saincte Johns -head the byshop. I wot not but to God it is knowne.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii1" name="footnotecpxxxiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii1">1:</a> -In some other editions called Carak.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii2" name="footnotecpxxxiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii2">2:</a> -Ramoth.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii3" name="footnotecpxxxiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii3">3:</a> -Sodom.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii4" name="footnotecpxxxiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii4">4:</a> -Ephraim.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii5" name="footnotecpxxxiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii5">5:</a> -Shiloh.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii6" name="footnotecpxxxiii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii6">6:</a> - Eli.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii7" name="footnotecpxxxiii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii7">7:</a> -Hebron.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii8" name="footnotecpxxxiii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii8">8:</a> -Gibeon.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii9" name="footnotecpxxxiii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii9">9:</a> -Ramah.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii10" name="footnotecpxxxiii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii10">10:</a> -Neapolis.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii11" name="footnotecpxxxiii11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii11">11:</a> -Gerizim.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii12" name="footnotecpxxxiii12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii12">12:</a> -Dothan.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii13" name="footnotecpxxxiii13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii13">13:</a> -Samaria.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii14" name="footnotecpxxxiii14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii14">14:</a> -Elisha.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii15" name="footnotecpxxxiii15"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii15">15:</a> -Abdias.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii16" name="footnotecpxxxiii16"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii16">16:</a> -Carried away.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii17" name="footnotecpxxxiii17"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii17">17:</a> -Burnt.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii18" name="footnotecpxxxiii18"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii18">18:</a> -Was an English woman, and was invited by St. Boniface into Germany, where she was made Abbess of Kissengen, near Wurtzburg in Bavaria.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii19" name="footnotecpxxxiii19"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii19">19:</a> -Alps.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxxiii20" name="footnotecpxxxiii20"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiii20">20:</a> -Genoa.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXXIIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of the Samaritanes.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/081-1000.png"><img src="images/081-500.png" width="500" height="354" alt="Samaritanes" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM Sebasten to Hierusalem is xii myle and betwene -the hylles of this countrey is a well, that -men call <i>fons Jacob</i>, That is to say Jacobs well, that -chaungeth foure times in the yeare his coloure, for sometyme -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page82" id="page82"></a>[pg 82]</span> -it is redde, sometymes cleare, sometime grene and -sometyme thycke, and men that dwell there are called -Samarytanes, & they were converted through the -Apostles and theyr law varieth from Christen law and -Sarasins lawe and also from Jewes & Paynims. They -beleve well in one God that all shall deme,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxiiii1" name="footnotetagcpxxxiiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxiiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> and beleve -the Byble after the lettre, and they lappe theyr heads in -redde linnen cloth, for difference of other, for Sarasins -wrap theyr heads in white cloth & christen men that -dwell there in blew cloth, and Jewes in yelow, and in -this country dwell many Jewes paying tribute as Christen -men doth.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecpxxxiiii1" name="footnotecpxxxiiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxiiii1">1:</a> -Regard, consider, or suppose.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXXV.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of Galyle.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM this countrey that I have spoken of, men go -to the playne of Galyle and leave the hyll on the -one side and Galyle is of the province of the lande of -promyssion and in that province is the lande of Naym -and Capharnaym and Corasaym and at Bethsayda was -Saint Peter & Saint Andrew borne. At Carasaym shall -Antechrist be borne, and as some men say he shall be -borne in Babilon therefore sayd the Prophet, <i>De babilonia -Coluber exiet, qui totum mundum devorabit</i>, That is to -say, Of Babilon shall come a serpent that shall devoure -all the worlde. And this Antechrist shall be nourished -in Bethsayde and shall raign in Corasaym, therefore sayth -holy writ, <i>Ve tibi Corasaim Ve tibi Bethsayda</i>, that is to -say, Wo be to the Corasaim, Wo be to the Bethsayda. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page83" id="page83"></a>[pg 83]</span> -And the cave of Galyle is foure myle from Nazareth. Of -that citie was the woman of Cananee, of whome the -Gospell speaketh, and there our Lorde did the fyrst -myracle at the wedding at the Archedeclyne<a id="footnotetagcpxxxv1" name="footnotetagcpxxxv1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxv1"><sup>1</sup></a> when he -turned water into wine. And from thence men go unto -Nazareth that was sometime a great Citie, but now there -is but a lyttle towne and it is not walled, and there was -our Lady borne, the name toke our Lorde of this Citie, -but our Ladie was gotten at Hierusalem. At Nazareth -Joseph toke our lady to wyfe whan she was fourtene -yeare of age, and there the aungell saluted hir sayinge, -<i>Ave gratia plena Dominus tecum</i>, That is to saye, Hayll -full of grace the Lord be with thee. And there was -sometime a great Church, and now is there but a lyttle -closet to receive the offryngs of the Pylgrymes, and there -is the well of Gabryell where our Lorde was wont to -bathe him in wan he was lyttle. At Nazareth was our -Lord nouryshed, and Nazareth is to say floure of gardeyn -& it may be well called so, for there was nourished the -floure of lyfe, that was our lorde Jesu Christ. At halfe a -myle from Nazareth is the bloude<a id="footnotetagcpxxxv2" name="footnotetagcpxxxv2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxv2"><sup>2</sup></a> of our Lorde, for the -Jewes ledde him upon an hyghe roche to cast him downe -& slea him, but Jesu Christ passed them and lepte on a -roche where his steps be yet sene, & therefore some when -they dreade them of theves or else of enemies, say thus, -<i>Jesus autem transiens per medium illorum ibat</i>. And -they say also these verses of the Psalter three tymes, -<i>Irruat super eos formido & pavor in magnitudine brachii -tui Domine Fiant immobiles quasi lapis, donec per transeat -populus tuus domine, & populus iste quem redemisti</i>. And -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page84" id="page84"></a>[pg 84]</span> -so when all this is sayd, a man may go without any lettyng.<a id="footnotetagcpxxxv3" name="footnotetagcpxxxv3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxv3"><sup>3</sup></a> -Also ye shall understande and know that our -blessed Lady bare hir chylde whan she was xv yeare of -age, and she lived with hym xxxii<a id="footnotetagcpxxxv4" name="footnotetagcpxxxv4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxv4"><sup>4</sup></a> yeare and three -monethes, and after his passion she lived xxii<a id="footnotetagcpxxxv4a" name="footnotetagcpxxxv4a"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxv4"><sup>4</sup></a> yeare.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxxv1" name="footnotecpxxxv1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxv1">1:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says Archetryclyne, <ins title="Greek: Architriklinos">Ἀρχιτρίκλινος,, -</ins> the president of a banquet.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxv2" name="footnotecpxxxv2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxv2">2:</a> -Should be <i>leap</i>.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxv3" name="footnotecpxxxv3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxv3">3:</a> -Hindrance.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxxv4" name="footnotecpxxxv4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxv4">4:</a> -Other editions say 33 and 24, which would make the Virgin's age 72 when she died (see <i>ante</i>, p. <a href="#page70a">70</a>).</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXXVI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>The way of Nazareth to the mount or hyll of Tabor.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND from Nazareth to the mounte Tabor is thre<a id="footnotetagcpxxxvi1" name="footnotetagcpxxxvi1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxvi1"><sup>1</sup></a> -myle, and there our Lord transfygured hym before -sainct Peter, sainct Jhon & sainct James. And there -they saw ghostly<a id="footnotetagcpxxxvi2" name="footnotetagcpxxxvi2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxvi2"><sup>2</sup></a> our Lorde and Moyses and Helye the -prophetes. And therefore Sainct Peter sayde, <i>Bonum est -nos hic esse, faciamus tria tabernacula</i>, That is to say, It -is good to us to be here, make we three tabernacles. -And our lord Jesu Chryste bad them that they should -say it to no man, unto the time that he was rysen from -death to lyfe. And uppon the same hyll shall foure -aungels sowne<a id="footnotetagcpxxxvi3" name="footnotetagcpxxxvi3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxvi3"><sup>3</sup></a> theyr trompets, and rayse all men that -are dead to lyfe, and then shall they come in bodie and -Soule to the Judgement, but the Judgement shall be in -the Vale of Josaphat on Easterday, at the same tyme as -our Lorde rose from death to lyfe. And also a myle -from mounte Tabor is mount Hermon, and ther was -the citie of Namy,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxvi4" name="footnotetagcpxxxvi4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxvi4"><sup>4</sup></a> before the gates of the Citie our -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page85" id="page85"></a>[pg 85]</span> -Lord raysed the wydowes sone, that had no more -Chyldren.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxxvi1" name="footnotecpxxxvi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxvi1">1:</a> -Others say 4.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxvi2" name="footnotecpxxxvi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxvi2">2:</a> -In a spiritual shape.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxvi3" name="footnotecpxxxvi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxvi3">3:</a> -Sound.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxxvi4" name="footnotecpxxxvi4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxvi4">4:</a> -Nain.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXXVII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the sea of Galyle.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND from thence men go to a citie that men call Tyberyen,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxvii1" name="footnotetagcpxxxvii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxvii1"><sup>1</sup></a> -that sitteth<a id="footnotetagcpxxxvii2" name="footnotetagcpxxxvii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxvii2"><sup>2</sup></a> on the sea of Galyle, it is no -sea ne arme of the sea, for it is but a staumble<a id="footnotetagcpxxxvii3" name="footnotetagcpxxxvii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxvii3"><sup>3</sup></a> of fresh -water, and it is no more than an hundred furlongs long -and XL brode, and therein is many good fyshes. And by -that same sea, standeth many good cities, and therefore -thys sea chaungeth often his name after the cities that -stande thereupon, but it is all one water or sea and upon -this sea, our Lorde went dry fote and there sayde he to -Peter when he came on the water, & was nere drowned, -<i>Modice fidei quare dubitasti?</i> That is to saye, Thou of -lyttle fayth, why hadst thou doubte.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxxvii1" name="footnotecpxxxvii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxvii1">1:</a> -Tiberias.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxvii2" name="footnotecpxxxvii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxvii2">2:</a> -On the borders of.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxxvii3" name="footnotecpxxxvii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxvii3">3:</a> -A pool or lake.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXXVIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the table whereon Christ eat after his resurrection.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>N this citie of Tiberyen is the table that Christ eat on -with his disciples after his resurrection & they knew -him in breaking of bread (as holy writ saith) <i>Et cognoverunt -eum in fractione Panis</i>. That is to say, they knew -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page86" id="page86"></a>[pg 86]</span> -him in breaking of bread. And aboute the hyll of Tiberien -is the citie where our Lord fed v thousand people -with five Barly loves and two fishes, and in that same -citie did men cast in anger a fierbrand or burning stick -after our Lord, but the same burning sticke did fall on -the earth, and incontinent grew out of the same sticke a -tree, and is waxen a bigge tree, and groweth yet, and the -scales of the tree be all blacke. And ye shall understand -that flom Jordan beginneth under the hill of -Libany, & there beginneth the lande of promission, and -it lasteth under Barsabe<a id="footnotetagcpxxxviii1" name="footnotetagcpxxxviii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxviii1"><sup>1</sup></a> of length, & from the North -part to the South, it holdeth ix score myle and of breadth -from Jerico to Jaffe it is <span class="sc">XL</span> mile, and ye shall understande -that the lande of promission beginneth at the -Kingdome of Surry and lasteth unto the wildernesse of -Araby.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/086-1000.png"><img src="images/086-500.png" width="500" height="358" alt="and the scales of the tree be all black" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecpxxxviii1" name="footnotecpxxxviii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxviii1">1:</a> -Beersheba.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page87" id="page87"></a>[pg 87]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XXXIX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of straunge maners and divers.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/087-1000.png"><img src="images/087-500.png" width="500" height="356" alt="dove post" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND in this countrey & in many other landes over -the sea, it is a maner when they have warre and -cities or castels beseged so strongly that they may send -no messages to any lordes for socour then they write -their letters & binde them about the neckes of doves and -let them flie their wayes, bicause the dove is of that -nature that he will returne againe to the place where he -is brought up, and thus they do commonly in that countrey. -And ye shal wete that among the Sarasins in -many places dwel christen men under tribute and they -are of divers maners, and divers maners of monkes, and -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page88" id="page88"></a>[pg 88]</span> -they are all christened and have divers lawes, but they -all beleve well in our Lord God, the father, the sonne, & -in the Holy ghost, but yet they fayle in the articles of -our faith, and they are called Jacobyns. For sainct -James converted theym to the fayth, and sainct John -baptised them, and they say that men shall onely shryve<a id="footnotetagcpxxxix1" name="footnotetagcpxxxix1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxix1"><sup>1</sup></a> -them unto God, & not unto man for they saye that God -bad not man shryve him unto another man. And therefore -saith David in the Psalter in this maner of wise, -<i>Confitebor tibi, domine in toto Corde meo, &c.</i> That is to -saye, Lord I shall shrive me unto thee in all my hart. -And in another place he saith thus, <i>Delictum meum tibi -cognitum feci</i>. That is to saye, My trespasse I have -made knowne unto thee. And in another place, <i>Deus -meus es tu & confitebor tibi</i>. That is to saye, Thou art -my god and I shall be shriven to thee. And in another -place <i>Quoniam cogitatio hominis confitebitur tibi</i>, &c. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page89" id="page89"></a>[pg 89]</span> -That is to say, The thought of man shal be shriven to -thee, and they knowe well the Bible and Psalter but -they say it not in latin, but in their owne language, and -they saye that David and other prophetes have sayde it. -But Sainct Austyn and Saynct Gregory say, <i>Qui scelera -sua cogitat, & conversus fecerit, veniam sibi credat</i>, That -is to say, Who so knowith his syn and turneth, he may -beleve to have forgivenesse. And Sainct Gregory sayth -thus, <i>Dominus potius mentem, quam verbum considerat</i>, -That is to saye, Our Lord taketh more kepe<a id="footnotetagcpxxxix2" name="footnotetagcpxxxix2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxix2"><sup>2</sup></a> to thought, -than to worde, and Sainct Hilarius sayth, <i>Longorum temporum -crimina, ictu oculi pereunt, si cordis nata fuerit -compunctio</i>, That is to say, Synnes that are done of olde -tyme perysh in twinkling of an eye, if despising of them -be born in a mans heart. And therefore say they, men -shal shrive them onely to God, by these authorities, -& this (<i>it</i>) was the Apostles, & popes that came sithen -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page90" id="page90"></a>[pg 90]</span> -haue ordeyned, that men shall shrive them to priestes -& men as they are, & the cause is this, for they saye that -a man that hath a sicknesse, men may giue him no good -medecines but they know y<sup>t</sup> kinde of the sicknesse, also -they say a man may give no covenable<a id="footnotetagcpxxxix3" name="footnotetagcpxxxix3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxix3"><sup>3</sup></a> penaunce but if -he know y<sup>e</sup> sin. For there is a maner of synne that is -grevouser to one man than it is to another, and therefore -it is nedefull that a man should know and understande -the kinde of sinne. And there be also other men that -men call Surryens and they hold halfe our faith, and -halfe the faith of the Grekes and they have longe berdes -as the Grekes have.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/088-1000.png"><img src="images/088-500.png" width="500" height="352" alt="'my trespasse I have made knowne unto thee'" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/089-1000.png"><img src="images/089-500.png" width="500" height="343" alt="different customs" /></a></div> - -<p>And there ben<a id="footnotetagcpxxxix4" name="footnotetagcpxxxix4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxix4"><sup>4</sup></a> other that men call Georgiens, whome -sainct George converted, and they doe more worship to -halowes<a id="footnotetagcpxxxix5" name="footnotetagcpxxxix5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxix5"><sup>5</sup></a> of heaven than other doe, and they haue their -crownes shaven, the clerkes haue rounde crowns, and the -lewde<a id="footnotetagcpxxxix6" name="footnotetagcpxxxix6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxix6"><sup>6</sup></a> have crownes square, & they holde the Grekes -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page91" id="page91"></a>[pg 91]</span> -lawe. And there be other that men call christen men -of gyrding,<a id="footnotetagcpxxxix7" name="footnotetagcpxxxix7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxix7"><sup>7</sup></a> for as much as they were gyrdels underneth, -some other men call Nestoryens, some Aryens, some -Nubyens, some Gregours, and some Indiens that are of -Prester Johns lande, and euery one of those haue some -artycles of our belefe. But eche of them varye from -other, and of their varyaunce it were to muche to declare.<a id="footnotetagcpxxxix8" name="footnotetagcpxxxix8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxxxix8"><sup>8</sup></a></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/090-1000.png"><img src="images/090-500.png" width="500" height="342" alt="the clerkes haue rounde crowns" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxxxix1" name="footnotecpxxxix1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxix1">1:</a> -Confess.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxix2" name="footnotecpxxxix2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxix2">2:</a> -Heed.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxix3" name="footnotecpxxxix3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxix3">3:</a> -Convenient.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxix4" name="footnotecpxxxix4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxix4">4:</a> -Be.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxix5" name="footnotecpxxxix5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxix5">5:</a> -Saints.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxix6" name="footnotecpxxxix6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxix6">6:</a> -Common people.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxxxix7" name="footnotecpxxxix7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxix7">7:</a> -This arose from a curious ordinance in <span class="sc">a.d.</span> 856 of the Khalif Motawakkel, who ordered both Jews & Christians to -wear leather girdles; hence those Christians who lived in Syria were called "Christians of the girdle."</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxxxix8" name="footnotecpxxxix8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxxxix8">8:</a> -Tell.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XL.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>For to turne on this syde of Galyle.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">N</span>OW sythen I haue tolde you of many maners of -men, that dwell in the countreys before said, now -will I tourne againe to my waye for to tourne uppon this -side. Now he that will tourne from the lande of Galyle, -that I spake of, to come on this syde, he shall go through -Damas that is a fayre citie & full of good marchaundises, -and it is three Journeys from the sea and five journeis -from Hierusalem, but they cary marchaundises upon -camels, mules, horses and dromedaries and other maner -of beastes. This citie of Damas founded Helyzeus, that -was Abrahams servaunte before Ysaac was borne, and -he thought to haue bene Abrahams heyre and therefore -he named that citie Damas. And in that place slew -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page92" id="page92"></a>[pg 92]</span> -Cayne his brother Abel, and besyde Damas is y<sup>e</sup> mount -of Syry, and in y<sup>t</sup> Citie is many a Phisicion & y<sup>t</sup> holy man. -S. Paule was a phisicion to saue mens bodys before y<sup>t</sup> he -was Converted, and after, he was a phisicyon of soules. -And from Damas men come by a place called our Lady -of Sardmarch,<a id="footnotetagcpxl1" name="footnotetagcpxl1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxl1"><sup>1</sup></a> that is fiue myle from Damas & it is on -a roch & there is a fayre churche and there dwell Monkes -& Nunnes, crysten, in the church, behynde the high -auter is a table of tree,<a id="footnotetagcpxl2" name="footnotetagcpxl2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxl2"><sup>2</sup></a> on the whiche table the ymage -of our lady was depainted that many tymes was turned -into fleshe, but the ymage is now sene but a lyttle, but -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page93" id="page93"></a>[pg 93]</span> -evermore through grace of God, the table droppeth oyle, -as it were an Olyfe, & there is a vessell of marble under -the table to receive the oyle, thereof they giue to Pylgrimes, -for it maketh whole many sicknesses, and he that -kepeth it clenely a year, after a yeare, it turneth to fleshe -and bloud. Betwene the citie of Darke and the citie of -Raphane is a ryver that men call Sabatory, for on the -Saterday it runneth fast, and all the weeke else it standeth -styll and runneth not or little. And there is another -ryver that in the night freseth fast and upon the day no -frost is seene. And so men go by a citie that men call -Berugh,<a id="footnotetagcpxl3" name="footnotetagcpxl3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxl3"><sup>3</sup></a> and there men go into the sea that will go into -Cipres and they aryve at a porte of Sur or of Thyrry<a id="footnotetagcpxl4" name="footnotetagcpxl4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxl4"><sup>4</sup></a> & -then men go to Cipres, or else men go or may goe from -the porte of Thyry ryght, and come not to Cypres and -arryve at some haven of Grece & there come men into -those countreys by ways that I haue spoken of before.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a href="images/092-700.png"><img src="images/092-300.png" width="300" height="425" alt="?" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxl1" name="footnotecpxl1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxl1">1:</a> -Others say Sardenak.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxl2" name="footnotecpxl2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxl2">2:</a> -On wood panel.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxl3" name="footnotecpxl3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxl3">3:</a> -Others say Beruthe.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxl4" name="footnotecpxl4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxl4">4:</a> -Tyre.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XLI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>How a man may go furdest and longest in those countreys -as heare are rehersed.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">N</span>OWE have I tolde you of wayes by the whiche men -goe furthest and longeste, as by Babylon and -mount Synay, and other places many, through the which -landes men turne againe to the lande of promission. -Now will I tell you the way of Hierusalem, for some men -will not passe it, some for they have no company<a id="footnotetagcpxli1" name="footnotetagcpxli1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxli1"><sup>1</sup></a> and -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page94" id="page94"></a>[pg 94]</span> -many other causes resonable and therefore I shall tell -you shortely how a man may go with lyttle coste and -short tyme.</p> - -<p>A man that commeth from the lande of the Weast, -he goeth through Fraunce, Burgoyn,<a id="footnotetagcpxli2" name="footnotetagcpxli2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxli2"><sup>2</sup></a> Lumberdy & to -Venys or to Geen<a id="footnotetagcpxli3" name="footnotetagcpxli3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxli3"><sup>3</sup></a> or some other haven of those marches, -and take there a ship and go to the yle Gryffe,<a id="footnotetagcpxli4" name="footnotetagcpxli4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxli4"><sup>4</sup></a> and so -arryveth he in Grece, or else at port Myrock,<a id="footnotetagcpxli5" name="footnotetagcpxli5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxli5"><sup>5</sup></a> or Valon -or Duras or some other haven of those marches, and to -go lande for to reste hym, and goeth againe to the sea -and arryveth at Cypres and commeth not in the yle of -Rodes and arriveth at Famagost that is the Chiefe haven -of Cypres or else at Lamaton, And then enter shyppe -againe, and passe besyde the haven of Tyre and come -not to lande, and so passeth by all the havens of the -coste, untill he come to Jaffe, that is the next hauen to -Hierusalem, for it is xxviii<a id="footnotetagcpxli6" name="footnotetagcpxli6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxli6"><sup>6</sup></a> myle betwene. And from -Jaffe men go to the Citie of Ramos<a id="footnotetagcpxli7" name="footnotetagcpxli7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxli7"><sup>7</sup></a> & that is but little -thence, & it is a fayre citie & beside Ramos is a fayre -churche of our lady, where our lord shewed hym unto -hir in three shadowes, that betokeneth the trinitie, and -there nere is a church of Sainct George where his head -was smitten of, and then to the Castell of Emaux, and -then to the mount Joye & from thence pilgrimes see -Hierusalem, and then to mount Modyn & then go to -Hierusalem. At mount Modyn lyeth the prophet Machabe,<a id="footnotetagcpxli8" name="footnotetagcpxli8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxli8"><sup>8</sup></a> -and over Ramatha<a id="footnotetagcpxli9" name="footnotetagcpxli9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxli9"><sup>9</sup></a> is the towne of Donke, whereof -Amos the prophet was.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxli1" name="footnotecpxli1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxli1">1:</a> -<i>i.e.</i>, it was unsafe to go alone.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxli2" name="footnotecpxli2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxli2">2:</a> -Burgundy.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxli3" name="footnotecpxli3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxli3">3:</a> -Genoa.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxli4" name="footnotecpxli4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxli4">4:</a> -In some editions Gryffh, Grif, or Gresse, probably Crete.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxli5" name="footnotecpxli5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxli5">5:</a> -In other editions Moroche or Myroche.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxli6" name="footnotecpxli6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxli6">6:</a> -Others say 27.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxli7" name="footnotecpxli7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxli7">7:</a> -Rames, Ramla.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxli8" name="footnotecpxli8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxli8">8:</a> -Maccabeus.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxli9" name="footnotecpxli9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxli9">9:</a> -Ramah Gibeon.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page95" id="page95"></a>[pg 95]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XLII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of othar wayes for to go by lande unto Hierusalem.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>OR as muche, as many men may not suffer the -savour of the sea, & better it is to go by lande -even if it be more payne, and a man shall go to one of -the havens of Lumberdy as Venys or another, and he -shall passe into Grece to port Myroche, or another and -shall goe to Constantinople, and shall passe the water -that is called the brache of Saynt George that is an arme -of the sea. And from thence ye shall come to Pulveral, -and then to the castel of Synople. And from thence -shall ye go unto Capadoce, that is a great countrey, -wherein is many great hylles and he shall go thorow -Turky, and to the citie of Nike, the which they wan -from the Emperour of Constantinople, and it is a faire -citie and well walled, and there is a river that men call -the Lay, and there go men by the Alpes of Mormaunt, -& through the vales of Malebrynes and the vale of Ernax, -and so to Antioche lesser, that sitteth on the river -richly, and there is about many good hills & fayre and -many fayre woddes and wild beastes. And he that will -go another way, he goeth by ye plaine of the Romain<a id="footnotetagcpxlii1" name="footnotetagcpxlii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlii1"><sup>1</sup></a> -Coste and the Romaine sea. On that coste is a fayre -castell that men call Florage, and when a man is oute of -the hilles, he passeth through the citie of Moryach and -Artose, where there is a great bridge upon the river of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page96" id="page96"></a>[pg 96]</span> -Ferne, that men call Fassor,<a id="footnotetagcpxlii2" name="footnotetagcpxlii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlii2"><sup>2</sup></a> & it is a great river bering -ships, and beside the citie of Damas, is the river that -cometh from the mount of Libany, and that men call -Alban,<a id="footnotetagcpxlii3" name="footnotetagcpxlii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlii3"><sup>3</sup></a> at the passing of this river Sainct Eustache lost -his two sonnes when he had lost his wife. And it goeth -through the playne of Archades, & to the red sea, and -then men go to the citie of Fermyne, and so to the citie -of Ferne, and then to Antioche & that is a fayre citie -and well walled, for it is two myle long, and there is a -bridge over the river, that hath at eche pillar, a good -tower, and is the best citie of the Kingdome of Surrey. -From Antioche, men go to the citie of Locuth<a id="footnotetagcpxlii4" name="footnotetagcpxlii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlii4"><sup>4</sup></a> and so -to Geble<a id="footnotetagcpxlii5" name="footnotetagcpxlii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlii5"><sup>5</sup></a> -and to Tortouse,<a id="footnotetagcpxlii6" name="footnotetagcpxlii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlii6"><sup>6</sup></a> & thereby is the lande of -Lambre & a strong castell, that men call Mambeke. -And from Tortouse, men go to Trypelle<a id="footnotetagcpxlii7" name="footnotetagcpxlii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlii7"><sup>7</sup></a> on the sea, and -upon the sea men go to Dacres,<a id="footnotetagcpxlii8" name="footnotetagcpxlii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlii8"><sup>8</sup></a> and there is two wayes -to Hierusalem, on the lefte way men go first unto Damas -by flom Jordan, and on the right syde men go throughe -the lande Flagme and so to the citie of Cayphas,<a id="footnotetagcpxlii9" name="footnotetagcpxlii9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlii9"><sup>9</sup></a> in -which citie Cayphas was lorde, & some call it the castell -Pelleryus and from thence it is foure dayes journey to -Hierusalem & they go throughe Cesarye Phylyp,<a id="footnotetagcpxlii10" name="footnotetagcpxlii10"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlii10"><sup>10</sup></a> and -Jaffe, and Ramas, Eumaux, & so forth to Hierusalem.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxlii1" name="footnotecpxlii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlii1">1:</a> -Roumanian.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlii2" name="footnotecpxlii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlii2">2:</a> -? Pharphar of the Scriptures.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlii3" name="footnotecpxlii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlii3">3:</a> -? Abana.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlii4" name="footnotecpxlii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlii4">4:</a> -Latakijah.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlii5" name="footnotecpxlii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlii5">5:</a> -Jebili.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlii6" name="footnotecpxlii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlii6">6:</a> -Tortosa.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlii7" name="footnotecpxlii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlii7">7:</a> -Tripoli.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlii8" name="footnotecpxlii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlii8">8:</a> -Acre.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlii9" name="footnotecpxlii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlii9">9:</a> -Caiffa.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxlii10" name="footnotecpxlii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlii10">10:</a> -Philippi.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page97" id="page97"></a>[pg 97]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XLIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Yet another way by lande toward the lande of promission.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">N</span>OW haue I tolde you some wayes by land and by -water how men may go to Hierusalem. And if -it be so that there be many other wayes that men go by, -after the countreys that they come from, neverthelesse -they tourne all to one ende, yet is there a way all by -land to Hierusalem, & passe no sea from Fraunce or -Flaunders, but that way is full longe and perylous & of -great travaile, & therefore few go that way, he that goeth -that way, he goeth through Almayn & Pruse and so to -Tartary, this Tartary is holden of the great Cane,<a id="footnotetagcpxliii1" name="footnotetagcpxliii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliii1"><sup>1</sup></a> of -whome I shall speake afterwarde, for thether lasteth<a id="footnotetagcpxliii2" name="footnotetagcpxliii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliii2"><sup>2</sup></a> -his lordeshippe, and all the lords of Tartary yelde to him -tribute. Tartary is a full evill land, sandy and a lytle -fruite bearing, for there groweth but little corne or fruyte, -but bestes are there great plentie, and therefore eate -they but fleshe without breade, and they sup the broth, -and they drynke mylke of all maner of bestes, they eat -Cattes, and all maner of wyld bestes, rattes & myce, and -they haue but lyttle wodde,<a id="footnotetagcpxliii3" name="footnotetagcpxliii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliii3"><sup>3</sup></a> -and therefore they dyght<a id="footnotetagcpxliii4" name="footnotetagcpxliii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliii4"><sup>4</sup></a> -theyr meate with horse dounge & other bestes doung, -when it is dry. Princes and other lordes eate but ones -in the day, and ryght lyttle, and they be ryght foule -folke, and of evyll lyking, and in somer there is many -tempests and thonders, that sleaeth many men & bestes -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page98" id="page98"></a>[pg 98]</span> -(<i>sodainly it is</i>) right colde, and sodainly it is right hot. -The Prince that governeth that land they call him Roco -and he dwelleth at a Citie that men call Orda, and forsoth -there is no man that will dwell in that lande, for it -is good to sow in thornes & wedes, other good is there -none, as I herd say, for I was not that way, but I have -bene in other lordes landes marching thereon, and the -land of Rossye and Nyflonde & the Kingedome of Grecon<a id="footnotetagcpxliii5" name="footnotetagcpxliii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliii5"><sup>5</sup></a> -and Lectowe, and the kingdome of Grasten<a id="footnotetagcpxliii6" name="footnotetagcpxliii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliii6"><sup>6</sup></a> & in many -other places, but I went neuer that way to Hierusalem -& therefore I may not tell it, for I haue understande, -that men may not well go that way but in winter, when -the waters and marys<a id="footnotetagcpxliii7" name="footnotetagcpxliii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliii7"><sup>7</sup></a> that be in that lande be -frosen and covered with snow, so that men may passe -thereon, for were not the snow, there might no man go -in that lande but he wer lost. And ye shall understande -that a man shall go three days journey from Pruse to -passe this waye, tyll he come to the lande of Sarasyns, -that men dwell in. And if by fortune any christen men -passe that way, as once a yeare they doe, they cary theyr -vitale with them, for they shoulde finde nothing there -but a maner of things that they call Syleys, and they -cary theyr vytales upon the yce on sleddes<a id="footnotetagcpxliii8" name="footnotetagcpxliii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliii8"><sup>8</sup></a> and charyottes -without wheles, and as long as theyr vitayles laste, they -may dwell there, but no longer. And when spyes of the -countrey see christen men come, they runne to the towns -and castels and cry right loude, Kera, Kera, Kera, and -as sone as they haue cryed, then dothe the people arme -them. And ye shall understande that the yse there is -harder than it is here, and euery man hath a stew<a id="footnotetagcpxliii9" name="footnotetagcpxliii9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliii9"><sup>9</sup></a> in -his house, and therein they eat and do all things that -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page99" id="page99"></a>[pg 99]</span> -them nedeth. And that is at the North part of the -world, where it is commonly colde, for the Sonne cometh -ne shineth but a little in that countrey, and that lande is -in some places so colde, that there may no man dwel -therein, and on the South side of the world it is in some -places so hote, that there can no man dwel, the son -giveth so great heate in those countreys.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxliii1" name="footnotecpxliii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliii1">1:</a> -Khan.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliii2" name="footnotecpxliii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliii2">2:</a> -For his dominions extend as far.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliii3" name="footnotecpxliii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliii3">3:</a> -Wood.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliii4" name="footnotecpxliii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliii4">4:</a> -Cook.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliii5" name="footnotecpxliii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliii5">5:</a> -Cracow.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliii6" name="footnotecpxliii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliii6">6:</a> -Darestan, or Silistria.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliii7" name="footnotecpxliii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliii7">7:</a> -Marais or marshes, meres.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliii8" name="footnotecpxliii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliii8">8:</a> -Sledges.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxliii9" name="footnotecpxliii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliii9">9:</a> -Stove.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XLIIII.</h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>NASMUCH as I haue told you of the Sarasins and -of other landes, if ye will I shall tell you a parte of -theyr law, and of theyr beleve, after as theyr boke sayeth, -that they call Alkaron,<a id="footnotetagcpxliiii1" name="footnotetagcpxliiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> and some call that boke -Mysap,<a id="footnotetagcpxliiii2" name="footnotetagcpxliiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> -some call it Harme<a id="footnotetagcpxliiii3" name="footnotetagcpxliiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> in diverse language of -countreys, which booke Machomet gave them, in y<sup>e</sup> which -boke he wrote among other things as I have often red -and sene, that they that are good shall goe to Paradise, -and the evill folkes to hell, and that beleeve all the Sarasyns. -And if a man aske of what Paradise they meane, -they say it is a place of delytes, where a man shall finde -all maner of fruites at all times, and waters, and rivers -running with milke & hony, wine and fresh water, and -they shall have faire houses & good as they have deserved, -and those houses are made of precious stones, -gold & sylver & every man shall haue ten<a id="footnotetagcpxliiii4" name="footnotetagcpxliiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> wives and all -maydens. Also they speake often & beleve of the Virgin -Mary and tell of the Incarnation, that Mary was learned<a id="footnotetagcpxliiii5" name="footnotetagcpxliiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page100" id="page100"></a>[pg 100]</span> -of Aungels and that Gabriel sayd to hir that she -was chosen before all other from the beginning of -the world, and that wytnesseth well theyr booke, & -Gabriel tolde hir of the incarnation of Jesu Christ, and -that she shoulde conceive and beare a childe and they -saye that Christ was a holy prophet in word & dede, and -also meke & rightwise to all men, and without any -blame worthy. And they saye that when the Aungell -tolde hir of the incarnation, she hadde great dread, -for she was righte younge, and there was one in the -countrey that medled with sorcery, that men called -Takina,<a id="footnotetagcpxliiii6" name="footnotetagcpxliiii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliiii6"><sup>6</sup></a> that with enchauntements could make him lyke -an Aungell and he went often and lay with maidens, and -therefore was Mary the more aferde<a id="footnotetagcpxliiii7" name="footnotetagcpxliiii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliiii7"><sup>7</sup></a> of the Aungell, and -thought in hir mynde that it had bene Takina that went -to maydens, and she conjured him that he should tell -hir if he were the same Takina, and the Aungell bad hir -have no dreade for he was for certayne a true messenger -of Jesu Christ. Also theyr booke of Alkaron saith, that -she had a child under a palme tree, then was she greatly -ashamed and sayde that she woulde she had bene dead. -As sone as hir childe was borne, he spake and comforted -hir and sayd, <i>Ne timeas Maria</i>, That is to say, Be not -afraide Mary. And in many other places, sayth theyr -booke Alkaron, that Jesu Christ spake as sone as he was -borne, & the booke sayth that Jesu Christ was sent of -Almighty God to be ensample to all men, and that God -shall deme<a id="footnotetagcpxliiii8" name="footnotetagcpxliiii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliiii8"><sup>8</sup></a> all men, the good to heaven and the wicked -to hell & that Jesu Christ is the best prophete of all -other and nexte to God and that he was a holy prophet, -for he gave to the blynde theyr sight, and heled Mesels<a id="footnotetagcpxliiii9" name="footnotetagcpxliiii9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliiii9"><sup>9</sup></a> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page101" id="page101"></a>[pg 101]</span> -& raysed men and went all quick<a id="footnotetagcpxliiii10" name="footnotetagcpxliiii10"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliiii10"><sup>10</sup></a> to heaven. And if -they may finde a boke with gospels, namely, <i>Missus est -Angelus</i>, they doe it great worship, they fast a moneth in -the yere & they eate but in the night, and they kepe -them from theyr wyves, but they that are syke are not -Constrayned to that. And that booke Alkaron speaketh -of Jewes and sayth, they are wicked people for they will -not beleve that Jesu Christ is of God. And they say, y<sup>t</sup> -the Jewes lye on our Lady and hir sonne Jesu Christ, -saying that they did him not on the crosse, for Sarasyns -beleve so nere our fayth, that they are lightly converted -when men preche the lawe of Jesu Christ, and they saye -that they wote well by theyr prophicies, that theyr lawe -of Machomet shall fayll as doth the law of Jews and that -Christen mens laws shall last unto the worlds ende. And -if a man aske them wherein they beleve they say that -they beleve in god almightie, that is the maker of heaven -and earth and all other things and without him is nothing -done and at the day of Judgement when euery man -shall be rewarded after his deserving, & that all things -is soth<a id="footnotetagcpxliiii11" name="footnotetagcpxliiii11"></a><a href="#footnotecpxliiii11"><sup>11</sup></a> that Christ said through the mouthes of his -prophetes.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxliiii1" name="footnotecpxliiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliiii1">1:</a> -The Koran.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliiii2" name="footnotecpxliiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliiii2">2:</a> -Some say Meshaf. Mishaf means written sheets of paper.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliiii3" name="footnotecpxliiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliiii3">3:</a> -Harme is "Haram," <i>sacred</i>.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliiii4" name="footnotecpxliiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliiii4">4:</a> -Some say 80.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliiii5" name="footnotecpxliiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliiii5">5:</a> -Taught by.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliiii6" name="footnotecpxliiii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliiii6">6:</a> -Other editions have Taknia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliiii7" name="footnotecpxliiii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliiii7">7:</a> -Afraid.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliiii8" name="footnotecpxliiii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliiii8">8:</a> -Judge.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliiii9" name="footnotecpxliiii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliiii9">9:</a> -Lepers.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxliiii10" name="footnotecpxliiii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliiii10">10:</a> -Alive.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxliiii11" name="footnotecpxliiii11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxliiii11">11:</a> -True.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XLV.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Yet it treateth more of Machomet.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>LSO Machomet badde in his boke Alkaron, that -euery man shoulde haue two wives or three or -foure, but now they take nine and as many lemmans as -them liketh, & if any of their wives doe amisse against -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page102" id="page102"></a>[pg 102]</span> -their husbandes, he may driue hir out of his house, and -take another, but he must giue to hir part of his goodes. -Also when men speake of the Father, and the Sonne, and -holy Ghost, they saye they are three persons, but not -one God, for their boke Alkoran speaketh not thereof, -nor of the trinitie, but they say that God spake or else -he was dumb, and that God hath a ghost,<a id="footnotetagcpxlv1" name="footnotetagcpxlv1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlv1"><sup>1</sup></a> or else he -were not alive, & they say Gods word hath great strength, -and so saith theyr Alkaron & they say that Abraham -and Moyses were greatly in favor with God, for they -spake with him, & Machomet was right messenger of -God. And they haue many good articles of our faith -and some understand the scriptures, profites, gospels, and -the Bible, for they haue them written in theyr language, -in this maner they knowe holy writ, but they understande -it not, but after the letter and so do the Jewes, for they -understande it not, but after their letter ghostly, and -therefore saith Sainct Paule, <i>Litera occidit: Spiritus vivificat</i>—that -is to say, Letter dieth, and ghost maketh -quicke. And the Sarasins say y<sup>t</sup> Jewes are wicked, for -they kepe not y<sup>e</sup> lawe of Moyses the which he toke to -them, & also chrysten men are yll, for they kepe not the -commaundments of the gospels that Jesu Christ sent -unto them & therefore I shall tell you what the Soudan -tolde me upon a daye in his chamber, voiding<a id="footnotetagcpxlv2" name="footnotetagcpxlv2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlv2"><sup>2</sup></a> out all -other men, as Lordes, Knightes & other, for he woulde -speke with me in counsel, and then asked he me how -christen men governed them in our countrey and I -aunswered him & sayd, right well thankes be to God; -& he sayd, secretly nay, for he sayd that our priestes -made no force of gods service, for they shoulde giue good -example to men, to doe well, and they giue ill example, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page103" id="page103"></a>[pg 103]</span> -and therefore when the people should go on the holy -daies to church to serve God they go to the taverne to -sin in glotony both day and nighte, and eate and drink -as bestes, that wot not when they haue had ynough, and -also Christen men he sayde, inforced them to fight -together & eche to begile other and they are so proude, -that they wot not how they may cloth them, now short, -now long, now straite now wyde, of all manner of fassions. -They shoulde be simple, meke and softe, and doe -theyr almes as Jesu Christe dyd, in whome they beleve, -and he sayde they are so covetouse, that for a lyttle -money they sell theyr children, theyr systers, and theyr -wyves, and one taketh another mans wife, and none -holdeth his fayth to other, therefore sayde he, for theyr -sinnes hath God given these landes to our handes, and -not through our strength, but all for your synnes. For -we wot well, that when that ye serve well your god, -that he wyll helpe you, so that no man shall winne of -you, if that ye serve your god as ye oughte to doe, but -while they lyve so sinfully as they doe, we have no -dread<a id="footnotetagcpxlv3" name="footnotetagcpxlv3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlv3"><sup>3</sup></a> on them, for theyr God shall not helpe them. -And then I asked him how that he knew the state of -Chrysten men in that maner, & he sayde that he knewe -well both of lordes and of commons, by his messengers -which he sent through all the countreys as it were merchants -with precious stones & other marchandise to know -the manner of euery countrey. And then he did call -againe all the lordes into his chamber to us & then -shewed he unto me iiii persons that were great lordes of -that countrey, that shewed me the maner of my countrey, -and of all Christendome, as though they had bene men -borne in the same partes, and they speak french right -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page104" id="page104"></a>[pg 104]</span> -well and the Soudain also, and then I had greate marvaile -of this slaunder of our faith and so they that should -bee turned by our good examples to the fayth of Jesu -Christe, they are drawen away through our evyl living, -and therefore it is no wonder if that they call us evyll, -for they saye soth, but the Sarasins are true for they -kepe truly the commaundements of their Alkaron that -God sent them by his messenger Machomet, to whome -they say, Gabryell the Aungell spake often, and tolde to -him the will of God.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxlv1" name="footnotecpxlv1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlv1">1:</a> -Spirit.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlv2" name="footnotecpxlv2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlv2">2:</a> -Turning.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxlv3" name="footnotecpxlv3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlv3">3:</a> -Fear of.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XLVI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the byrth of Machomet.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND ye shall understande y<sup>t</sup> Machomet was borne in -Araby, and that he was first a pore drudge & kept -horse & went after marchaundise. And so he came once -into Egipt with marchaundise & Egipt was the same -time Christen, & there was a chappell besyde Araby, & -there was an hermite & when he came to the chappell y<sup>t</sup> -was but a lyttle house and a lowe, as sone as he entered, -it began to be as great as it were of a palas gate and -that was the first miracle that the Sarasyns saye that he -did in his youth. After began Machomet to be wise and -rich and became a great Astronomer, and sithen was he -keper of the lande of the prince Corodan and governed -it full well, in such maner that when the prince was dead -he maryed the lady y<sup>t</sup> men call Quadryge.<a id="footnotetagcpxlvi1" name="footnotetagcpxlvi1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlvi1"><sup>1</sup></a> And -Mahomet fell often in the falling evill,<a id="footnotetagcpxlvi2" name="footnotetagcpxlvi2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlvi2"><sup>2</sup></a> wherefore the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page105" id="page105"></a>[pg 105]</span> -lady was wroth that she had taken him unto hir husband, -& he made hir to understande that every tyme that he -fell so, he said that Gabriel the aungell spake to him, -and for the great brightnesse of the aungell he fell -downe. This Machomet raigned in Araby the yeare of -our Lord, vi hundred and xx<a id="footnotetagcpxlvi3" name="footnotetagcpxlvi3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlvi3"><sup>3</sup></a> and he was of the kinde of -Ismael that was Abrahams son that he begat of Agar, -and other are called Sarasins of Sara, but some are -called Moabites and some Amenites after the two sons of -Loth. And also Machomet loved well a good man an -hermite that dwelled in the wildernesse a myle from -Mounte Sinay in the way as men go from Araby to -Caldee, and a dayes journey fro the sea where marchaunts -of Venice come, and Machomet went so often -to this hermyte that all his men were wroth, for he -harde<a id="footnotetagcpxlvi4" name="footnotetagcpxlvi4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlvi4"><sup>4</sup></a> gladly the hermit preach, and his men did walke -all the night & thought they would this hermyte were -dead. So it befell on a night that Machomet was full -dronken of good wine, and he fell in a slepe, and his men -toke Machomets sworde out of his sheath whyles he lay -and slept, and therewith they slew the Hermit, and afterwarde -they put up the sword againe all bloudy, and upon -the morow when that he founde the Hermite thus dead, -he was in his mynde verye angry, and right wroth, and -woulde haue done his men unto the death, but they all -with one accorde, and with one will sayde that he himselfe -hadde slaine hym when he was dronken, and they -shewed his own swerd all bluddy & then he beleved that -they sayde soth, & then cursed the wine & all those that -drank it. And therefore Sarasins that are devout drinke -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page106" id="page106"></a>[pg 106]</span> -no wine openly, else they should be reprouved but they -drynke good beverage & sweete & nourishing that is -made of Calamelles, and thereof is suger made.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/106-1000.png"><img src="images/106-500.png" width="500" height="359" alt="full dronken of good wine, and he fell in a slepe" /></a></div> - -<p>And it befel<a id="footnotetagcpxlvi5" name="footnotetagcpxlvi5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlvi5"><sup>5</sup></a> sometime, y<sup>t</sup> christen men became Sarasins, -either through povertie, simplenesse, or wickednesse -& therefore theyr Archbishop when he received them, -sayd thus,<a id="footnotetagcpxlvi6" name="footnotetagcpxlvi6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlvi6"><sup>6</sup></a> <i>Laeles ella Machomet roses ella</i>. That is to -say, there is no God but one, and Machomet is his messengere. -And sithern<a id="footnotetagcpxlvi7" name="footnotetagcpxlvi7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlvi7"><sup>7</sup></a> I have told you a part of theyr -law, and of theyr customes, now I shall tell you of theyr -letters that they haue with theyr names. First they have -for A- almoy, B- bethath, c- cathi, d- delphoy, e- ephoti, -f- forthy, g- garophin, h- hechum, i- iocchi, k- kattu, l- lothum, -m- malach, n- nahalgt, o- orthy, p- choziri, q- zothii, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page107" id="page107"></a>[pg 107]</span> -r- rucholat, s- routhi, t- solathy, v- chorimus, x- yrithom, -y- mazot, z- alepin & ioheten- com—these are the -names. These foure letters have they yet more for -diversitie of their language, for as much as they speake -so in their throtes, as we have in our language and -speake in England. Two letters may they then have in -theyr A. B. C that is to say, y &, the which are called -thorne- and zowx.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxlvi1" name="footnotecpxlvi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlvi1">1:</a> -Kadijah.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlvi2" name="footnotecpxlvi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlvi2">2:</a> -Had epileptic fits.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlvi3" name="footnotecpxlvi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlvi3">3:</a> -Other editions have it 610, but it was <span class="sc">a.d.</span> 611 when Mahomet -professed to have received his call.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlvi4" name="footnotecpxlvi4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlvi4">4:</a> -Heard.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlvi5" name="footnotecpxlvi5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlvi5">5:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says "befalleth."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlvi6" name="footnotecpxlvi6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlvi6">6:</a> -The Mahometan Confession of Faith is Lá iláha illá 'lláh -Muhammadun rasúlu 'lláh.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxlvi7" name="footnotecpxlvi7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlvi7">7:</a> -Since.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XLVII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the yles and divers maner of people and of marvaylous -beastes.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND sithen I have devised before of the holy land -and countreys there about, and many wayes thether, -and to mount Synay, and to Babilon, and other divers -places which I have spoken of, now will I tell & speake -of iles and of divers bestes, and divers folke and countreys -that be departed<a id="footnotetagcpxlvii1" name="footnotetagcpxlvii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlvii1"><sup>1</sup></a> by the flouds that came out of -Paradise terrestre. For Mesopotame and the kingdome -of Calde and Araby are between two floddes, Tigre and -Eufrace, and the kingedome of Media and Perce are -betwene two flouds Tigre and Nyle, & the kingdome of -Surrey, Palestine and Femines<a id="footnotetagcpxlvii2" name="footnotetagcpxlvii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlvii2"><sup>2</sup></a> are betweene Eufrace and -the sea Mediterranean, it is of length from Marroch on -the sea of Spaine, unto the great sea, and so lasteth it -beyonde Constantinople three M and xx<a id="footnotetagcpxlvii3" name="footnotetagcpxlvii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlvii3"><sup>3</sup></a> myle of Lombardy -and to the Occean sea. In Inde is the kingdome -of Sichem,<a id="footnotetagcpxlvii4" name="footnotetagcpxlvii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlvii4"><sup>4</sup></a> that is all closed among hils, and beside -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page108" id="page108"></a>[pg 108]</span> -Sichem is the lande of Amazony, wherein dwell none -but women.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/108a-1000.png"><img src="images/108a-500.png" width="500" height="354" alt="of iles and of divers bestes" /></a></div> - -<p>And thereby is the kingdome of Albany, which is a -great lande and it is called so bicause that men are more -whiter there than in other places, & in this countrey are -great houndes and stronge, so that they overcome Lions -and slay them. And ye shall understande that to those -countreys are many iles and landes, of the which were -too long to tell, but of some I will speake more plainly -afterwarde.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxlvii1" name="footnotecpxlvii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlvii1">1:</a> -Parted.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlvii2" name="footnotecpxlvii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlvii2">2:</a> -Phœnicia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlvii3" name="footnotecpxlvii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlvii3">3:</a> -Others say 3,040.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxlvii4" name="footnotecpxlvii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlvii4">4:</a> -Scythia.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/108b-200.png"><img src="images/108b-100.png" width="100" height="81" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page109" id="page109"></a>[pg 109]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XLVIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the haven Gene, for to go by the sea into divers -countreys.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>OR he that wyll goe to Tartary, Percy, Caldee or -Inde, he entreth the sea at Gene or at Venyce, or -at any other haven, and so passeth by the sea, and -arriveth at Topasonde,<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii1" name="footnotetagcpxlviii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii1"><sup>1</sup></a> that is a good citie, that sometime -men call the haven of bridge, and there is the -haven of Perce, of Medes, and of other marches.<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii2" name="footnotetagcpxlviii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii2"><sup>2</sup></a> In -this citie lieth saint Athanasius, that was bishop of -Alexandry, that made the Psalme, <i>Quicunque vult salvus -esse</i>. This man was a great doctour of divinitie, and of -the godheade, he was accused unto the Pope of Rome -that he was an heritike, and the pope sent for hym and -put him in prison, and while he was in that prison he -made this Psalme and sent it unto the Pope & sayde if -that he were an heretyke, then that was heresie, for y<sup>t</sup> -was his faith and his belefe: and when the Pope saw -that he had sayde therein was all our faith, then anon -he did deliver him out of prison, and he commaunded -that Psalme to be sayd every day at prime, & so he held -Athanasius for a good christen man, but he never would -after goe to his bishoprych for they accused him of -heresie.</p> - -<p>Topasond was some tyme holden of the Emperour of -Constantinople, but a great man that he sent to help -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page110" id="page110"></a>[pg 110]</span> -that countrey against the Turkes, did holde it to himselfe, -& called himself Emperour of Topasonde.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/110-1000.png"><img src="images/110-500.png" width="500" height="348" alt="the castell of Spirys" /></a></div> - -<p>And from thence men go through lyttle Armony,<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii3" name="footnotetagcpxlviii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii3"><sup>3</sup></a> & -in that countrey is an olde castell that is on a rock, y<sup>t</sup> -men call the castell of Spirys, & there men finde an -hawke sitting upon a perch right well made & a faire -lady of Fayry that keepeth it, & he that will wake<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii4" name="footnotetagcpxlviii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii4"><sup>4</sup></a> this -same hawke seven days and seven nightes, and some say -that it is not but three days and three nightes, alone -without any company and without slepe, this faire ladie -shall come unto him at the vii dayes or iii dayes ende -& shall graunte unto him the first thing that he will -aske of worldly things, and that hath often ben proved. -And so uppon a time it befell that a man which that -tyme was Kinge of Armonye that was a righte doughty<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii5" name="footnotetagcpxlviii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii5"><sup>5</sup></a> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page111" id="page111"></a>[pg 111]</span> -man waked uppon a tyme, and at the seven dayes ende -the lady came to him and bade him aske what he would -for he had wel done his devoure,<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii6" name="footnotetagcpxlviii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii6"><sup>6</sup></a> and the king aunswered -and sayde that he was a great lorde and in good peace, -and he was riche, so that he would aske nothing but all -onely the body of the fayre lady, or to haue his will of -hir. Then this fayre lady aunswered and sayde unto -him, that he was a foole, for he wist not what he asked, -for he might not have hir, for he shoulde not haue asked -hir but worldly thinges & she was not worldly. And -the king sayde he woulde nought else, and she said sith -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page112" id="page112"></a>[pg 112]</span> -he would aske nought else, she should graunt him three -thinges and all that came after hym, and sayde unto -him, Sir kinge you shall haue warre without peace unto -the ix degree, and you shall be in subjection of your -enemies, and you shall have greate nede of good and -cattell, and sithen that tyme all the Kynges of Armonye -have been in warre and nedefull<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii7" name="footnotetagcpxlviii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii7"><sup>7</sup></a> and under trybute of -the Sarasyns. Also a poore mannes sonne as he waked -on a tyme, and asked the lady that he might be rych -and happy in marchaundise and the ladye graunted him, -but she sayde to him that he hadde asked his undoynge -for great pryde that he shoulde haue thereof. And this -became so greate a marchaunte bothe by sea and lande, -that he was so ryche that he knew not the thousande parte -of hys goods. Also a Knight of the Templers waked -likewise and when he had done, he desired to haue a -purse full of golde and what soever he tooke thereof it -shoulde ever be full againe and the ladye graunted it -hym, but she tolde him that hee had desyred his destruction -for great mistrowing that hee shoulde have of the -same purse, and so it befell. But he that shal wake -hath great nede for to kepe him from slepe, for if he -sleepe he is lost that he shall neuer bee sene, but that is -not the righte way, but for the mervaile. And from -Topasonde men go to greate Armony to a citie that men -call Artyron<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii8" name="footnotetagcpxlviii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii8"><sup>8</sup></a> that was wont to be a great Citie, but -Turkes have destroyed it, for there neyther groweth no -wyne nor fruyt. From this Artyron men go to an hyll -that is called Sabissacol & there nere is another hil that -men call Arath,<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii9" name="footnotetagcpxlviii9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii9"><sup>9</sup></a> but the Jewes call it Thano where -Archa Noe<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii10" name="footnotetagcpxlviii10"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii10"><sup>10</sup></a> -rested after the diluvie<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii11" name="footnotetagcpxlviii11"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii11"><sup>11</sup></a> & yet it is on that -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page113" id="page113"></a>[pg 113]</span> -hyll, a man may se it from ferre in cleare wether, & the -hilles be xii<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii12" name="footnotetagcpxlviii12"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii12"><sup>12</sup></a> myle of height & some saye they haue -bene there & put theyr fingers in the holes where the -fende<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii13" name="footnotetagcpxlviii13"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii13"><sup>13</sup></a> went out when Noe sayde in this maner of wyse -<i>Benedicite</i>. But they note well, for none may go on that -hyll for snowe, that is alwaye uppon that hyll bothe -wynter and somer, that no man may go by and never -yode<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii14" name="footnotetagcpxlviii14"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii14"><sup>14</sup></a> syth Noe was, but a monke, through the grace of -God, broughte a planke that yet is at the Abbey, at the -hyll foote, and he had great desyre to go uppon that -hyll, and aforced him thereto, and when he was at the -thyrde part upwarde he was so wery that he might goe -no further, and he rested him & slept and when he was -awake he was downe at the hyll foote, and then prayed -he to God devoutly that he would suffer him to go upon -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page114" id="page114"></a>[pg 114]</span> -the hill, and the Aungell sayd that he should go upon -the hil, and so he dyd, and since that tyme no man came -there. And therefore men shoulde not beleve such -wordes.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/113-1000.png"><img src="images/113-500.png" width="500" height="346" alt="an hyll of salte?" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 480px;"><a href="images/114-1000.png"><img src="images/114-480.png" width="480" height="351" alt="Cassaye?" /></a></div> - -<p>And from thence men go to a citie that men call Tanziro<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii15" name="footnotetagcpxlviii15"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii15"><sup>15</sup></a> -and that is a fayre citie & good. Besyde that citie -is an hyll of salte, and thereof every man taketh what -he wyll and there dwelled many Christen men under -tribute to the Sarasyns. From thence men go through -many cities, townes, and castels towarde Inde, and then -come to a citie that men call Cassaye that is a fayre -citie, and in that citie is aboundance of corne wynes, -and all maner of goods, and there met the three kynges -togither that wente to make theyr offeryng to our Lord -in Bethlehem. From that citie men go to a citie that -men call Cardabago, and paynims say y<sup>t</sup> Christen men -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page115" id="page115"></a>[pg 115]</span> -may not dwell there, by<a id="footnotetagcpxlviii16" name="footnotetagcpxlviii16"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlviii16"><sup>16</sup></a> they dye sone and they know -not the cause. And from thence men go through many -countreys, cities & townes, that it were to long to tell, & -to the citie of Carnaa, that was wont to be so great, that -the wall about was of xxv myle, the wall sheweth yet, -but it is not inhabited now with men, and there endeth -the land of the Emperour of Perce.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxlviii1" name="footnotecpxlviii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii1">1:</a> -Trebizond.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii2" name="footnotecpxlviii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii2">2:</a> -Neighbouring countries.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii3" name="footnotecpxlviii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii3">3:</a> -Armenia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii4" name="footnotecpxlviii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii4">4:</a> -Watch.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii5" name="footnotecpxlviii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii5">5:</a> -Brave.</p> - -<p class="footnote1e">In the old Romance of Melusina, which was written by Jean -d'Arras, Secretary to the Duc de Berri, brother to Charles V. of -France—in 1387 (at the command of his master) is the legend of -the Lady of the Sparrow Hawk, which shows how current it was at -the time. According to his version, a fairy, named Presine, married -King Helmas, and made him vow that he would never go near her -at the time of childbirth. She bore him three daughters—Melusina, -Melior, and Palestine—and at the birth of the latter the king -broke his vow. When his children grew up they learnt this fact, -and were very indignant at their father's conduct, to punish which -(being gifted with supernatural power) they enclosed him in an enchanted -mountain until he died. Presine was powerless to undo -this deed, but she visited their unnatural conduct severely upon her -daughters. Melusina was to become half serpent, half woman, every -Saturday; Palestine was ever to watch their father's treasure on -the top of a mountain in Arragon; while Melior's fate is thus told -by the chronicler:—</p> - -<p class="footnote1e">"And thou Melyor to the I gyve a Castel in the grette Armenye, -whyche is fayre and riche, wher thou shalt kepe a Sperschak unto -the tyme that the grett maister shall hold his Jugement. And al -noble and worthy knyghts, descended and come of noble lynee, -that wil you watche there the day byfore the even, and th' even also -of Saint Johan Baptiste, whiche is on the xx day of Juny, without -any slep, shal have a geft of the of suche thinges, without to demande -thy body, ne thy love, by maryage, nor other wise. And al -thos that shal demande the without cesse, and that wol not forbere, -and absteyn them not, shal be infortunat unto the IX lynee, and -shal be put from theire prosperytees."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii6" name="footnotecpxlviii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii6">6:</a> -Devoir, duty.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii7" name="footnotecpxlviii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii7">7:</a> -Poor, needy.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii8" name="footnotecpxlviii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii8">8:</a> -Erzeroum.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii9" name="footnotecpxlviii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii9">9:</a> -Ararat.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii10" name="footnotecpxlviii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii10">10:</a> -Noah's Ark.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii11" name="footnotecpxlviii11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii11">11:</a> -Flood.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii12" name="footnotecpxlviii12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii12">12:</a> -Others say seven.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii13" name="footnotecpxlviii13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii13">13:</a> -Fiend.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii14" name="footnotecpxlviii14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii14">14:</a> -Never went there.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxlviii15" name="footnotecpxlviii15"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii15">15:</a> -Tabreez or Tabriz.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxlviii16" name="footnotecpxlviii16"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlviii16">16:</a> -For.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XLIX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the countrey of Job, and of the Kingedome of Caldee.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">O</span>N the other side of the citie of Carnaa men enter -into the land of Job, that is a good lande & great -plentie of all fruites & men call that land of Swere.<a id="footnotetagcpxlix1" name="footnotetagcpxlix1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlix1"><sup>1</sup></a> In -this lande is the citie of Thomar. Job was a Paynim -& also he was Cofraas son & he helde that lande as -prince thereof, & he was so riche that he knew not the -hondreth parte of his good, and after his povertie God -made him richer than ever he was before, for after he -was Kinge of Idumea after the death of King Esau, & -when he was king he was called Joab, and in that kingedome -he lived c yeare and lxx so that he was of age when -he dyed cc yeare and xlviii. And in this lande of Job -is no defaute<a id="footnotetagcpxlix2" name="footnotetagcpxlix2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxlix2"><sup>2</sup></a> of nothing that is nedefull to mans body. -There are hilles where men finde manna, and manna is -called Aungell's bread that is a whit thing right sweete -& much sweter than suger or hony, and that commeth -of the dew of heaven that falleth on the herbes, and -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page116" id="page116"></a>[pg 116]</span> -there it congeled and waxeth white and men doe it in -medecines for riche men.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/116-1000.png"><img src="images/116-500.png" width="500" height="359" alt="But the women ... go bare fote" /></a></div> - -<p>This lande marcheth to the lande of Caldee that is a -great land, & there is full faire folke & well apparaited -& they go richly araied with cloth of gold & with perls -& other precious stones. But the women are righte foule -& evill clad & go bare fote & bare an ill cote, large, wide, -& short, unto theyr knees, & haue long sleves down to -the fote, & they haue great black here long hanging -about theyr shoulders & they are right foule for to loke -upon that I dare not tell it all bicause that I am worthy -for to haue a great reward for my praising of them. In -this land of Caldee aforesayde is a citie that men call -Hur & in y<sup>t</sup> citie was Abraham y<sup>e</sup> patriark born.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxlix1" name="footnotecpxlix1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlix1">1:</a> -Susiana.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxlix2" name="footnotecpxlix2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxlix2">2:</a> -Want of anything.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page117" id="page117"></a>[pg 117]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. L.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of the Kingedome of Amazony whereas dwelleth none but -women.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/117-1000.png"><img src="images/117-500.png" width="500" height="358" alt="Amazony whereas dwelleth none but women" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>FTER the lande of Caldee is the lande of Amazony -that is a land where there is no man but all women -as men say, for they wil suffer no men to lyve among -them nor to haue lordeshippe over them. For sometyme -was a kinge in that lande and men were dwelling there -as did in other countreys, and had wives, & it befell that -the kynge had great warre with them of Sychy, he was -called Colopius and hee was slaine in bataill and all the -good bloude of his lande. And this queene when she herd -that, & other ladies of that land, that the king and the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page118" id="page118"></a>[pg 118]</span> -lordes were slaine, they gathered them togither and -killed all the men that were lefte in their lande among -them, and sithen that time dwelled no man among -them.</p> - -<p>And when they will have any man they sende for -them in a countrey that is nere theyr lande, and the -men come and are ther viii dayes or as the woman -lyketh, & then go they againe, and if they have men -children they send them to theyr fathers when they can -eate & go, and if they have maide chyldren they kepe -them, and if they bee of gentill bloud they brene<a id="footnotetagcpl1" name="footnotetagcpl1"></a><a href="#footnotecpl1"><sup>1</sup></a> the -left pappe<a id="footnotetagcpl2" name="footnotetagcpl2"></a><a href="#footnotecpl2"><sup>2</sup></a> away for bearing of a shelde, and if they be -of little bloud they brene the ryght pappe away for -shoting. For those women of that countrey are good -warriours and are often in soudy<a id="footnotetagcpl3" name="footnotetagcpl3"></a><a href="#footnotecpl3"><sup>3</sup></a> with other lordes, and -the queene of that lande governeth well that lande, this -lande is all environed with water. Beside Amazony is -the lande of Termagute that is a good lande, King -Alexander did make a citie ther that men call Alexandry.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpl1" name="footnotecpl1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpl1">1:</a> -Burn.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpl2" name="footnotecpl2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpl2">2:</a> -Breast.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpl3" name="footnotecpl3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpl3">3:</a> -War.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/118-200.png"><img src="images/118-100.png" width="100" height="60" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page119" id="page119"></a>[pg 119]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of the lande of Ethiope.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/119-1000.png"><img src="images/119-500.png" width="500" height="353" alt="Of the lande of Ethiope" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">O</span>N the other side of Calde toward the south side is -Ethyope a great lande. In this lande on the -south are the folke right blacke. In that side is a well -that in the daye the water is so colde that no man may -drinke thereof, & in the nighte it is so hote that no man -may suffer to put his hand in it. In this lande the rivers -and all the waters are troublous and some dele salte for -the great hete, and men of y<sup>t</sup> lande are lightly dronken -& haue little appetite to meate, and they haue commonly -the flixe of body and they live not long. In Ethiope<a id="footnotetagcpli1" name="footnotetagcpli1"></a><a href="#footnotecpli1"><sup>1</sup></a> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page120" id="page120"></a>[pg 120]</span> -are such men that have but one foote, and they go so -fast y<sup>t</sup> it is a great marvaill, & that is a large fote that -the shadow thereof covereth y<sup>e</sup> body from son or rayne -when they lye uppon their backes, and when their -children be first borne they loke like russet, and when -they waxe olde then they be all blacke. In Ethiope is -the lande of Saba, of the which one of the three Kings -that sought our Lorde at Bethleem was King.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/120-1000.png"><img src="images/120-500.png" width="500" height="352" alt="are such men that have but one foote" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecpli1" name="footnotecpli1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpli1">1:</a> -Like many other marvellous stories related by Sir John -Mandeville, they were told by Pliny, in his Natural History, nearly 1200 -years previously. For instance, in Book 7, chap, li., devoted to -Man, he quotes Ctesias as saying that in India is another race of -men, who are known as Monocoli, who have only one leg, but are -able to leap with surprising agility. The same people are also -called Sciapodœ, because they are in the habit of lying on their -backs during the time of extreme heat and protect themselves from -the sun by the shade of their feet. For other types of these "peculiar -people" see <a href="#page221">Appendix</a>. -</p></blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page121" id="page121"></a>[pg 121]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of Inde the more, & Inde the lesse, & of diamonds, and -small people, & other things.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM Ethyope men go into Inde through many -dyverse countreys, and it is called Inde the more, -and it is departed in three parties, that is to say, Inde -the more that is a full hote lande, & Inde the lesse -is a temperate land, and the thyrde part that is toward -the north there it is right cold, so that for greate colde, -frost & yce, the water becommeth Cristal & upon that -groweth the good diamondes y<sup>t</sup> is like a trouble<a id="footnotetagcplii1" name="footnotetagcplii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplii1"><sup>1</sup></a> colour, -& that Diamonde is so harde that no man may breake -it. Other Diamonds men finde in Araby that are not -so good for they are more softer and some are in Cipres -and in Macedony men also finde diamondes but the best -are in Inde & some are founde many times in a masse -that cometh oute where men fynde golde from the myne -when men breake the masse in pyeces, and sometyme -men finde some of greatnesse of a pese,<a id="footnotetagcplii2" name="footnotetagcplii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplii2"><sup>2</sup></a> and some lesse, -and those are as harde as those of Inde, and all if it be -that men fynde good dyamondes in Indie upon the Roch of -Crystall, also menne finde good dyamondes upon the Roch -of Adamante<a id="footnotetagcplii3" name="footnotetagcplii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplii3"><sup>3</sup></a> in the sea and on hilles, as it were haysell -noutes,<a id="footnotetagcplii4" name="footnotetagcplii4"></a><a href="#footnotecplii4"><sup>4</sup></a> and they are all square and poynted of theyre owne -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page122" id="page122"></a>[pg 122]</span> -kynde, and they grow both togither, male and female, -and are noryshed with the dewe of heaven, and they -engendre commonly & bring forth small children that -multiply & growe all the yeare. I haue many times -assayed that if a man kepe them with a lyttle of the -roche, and wette them with many dewes oft times, they -shal grow euery yeare, and the small shall waxe greate. -And a manne shall bere the Diamonde in his left side, -and then it is of more vertue, for the strength of theyr -growing is toward the North, that is on the lefte side as -men of those countreys say. To him that beareth the -diamond upon him it giveth him hardinesse, it kepeth -his lims of his body hole, it giveth victory of<a id="footnotetagcplii5" name="footnotetagcplii5"></a><a href="#footnotecplii5"><sup>5</sup></a> enimies if -a mans cause be ryght, and hym that bereth it in good -will, it kepeth him from strife, from ryote, ill dreames, -and sorcerys, and enchauntements, and no wylde beste -shall greve him nor assaile him. And also the Dyamonde -shoulde be given freely without covetyse and -bying, & then it is of more vertue, it healeth him that is -lunatyke, and he that is travailed with a divell, and if -venym or poyson be brought in the presence of the -Diamonde so soon it moysteth and beginneth to sweate, -and men may well polyce<a id="footnotetagcplii6" name="footnotetagcplii6"></a><a href="#footnotecplii6"><sup>6</sup></a> them to make men beleve -that they may not be polyshed. But men may assaye -them well in this maner, fyrst cut with them an diverse -precious stones, as Saphyrs or other uppon Crystall and -then men take a stone that is called Adamande, lay a -nedell before that Adamande and if the Diamond is -good & vertuous the Adamande draweth not the nedell -to him whiles the Diamonde is there. And this is the -proof that they make beyonde the sea. But it falleth -sometime that the good diamond loseth his vertue -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page123" id="page123"></a>[pg 123]</span> -through him that wereth it, and therefore it is nedefull -for to make it to recover his virtue againe, or else it is -lyttle of value.<a id="footnotetagcplii7" name="footnotetagcplii7"></a><a href="#footnotecplii7"><sup>7</sup></a></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplii1" name="footnotecplii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplii1">1:</a> -Prismatic.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplii2" name="footnotecplii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplii2">2:</a> -Pea.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplii3" name="footnotecplii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplii3">3:</a> -Rocks of Magnetic Loadstone were then firmly believed in.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplii4" name="footnotecplii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplii4">4:</a> -Hazel nuts.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplii5" name="footnotecplii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplii5">5:</a> -Over.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplii6" name="footnotecplii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplii6">6:</a> -Polish.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplii7" name="footnotecplii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplii7">7:</a> -This description of the diamond is largely taken from Pliny, -book 37, chap. iv.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of diverse countreys & Kingdomes & yles of the lande of -Inde.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/123-1000.png"><img src="images/123-500.png" width="500" height="346" alt="In this lande men and women lye all naked in the ryvers and waters,..." /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">M</span>ANY diverse countreys & Kingdoms are in Inde, -and it is called Inde of a river that runneth -through it, which is called Inde also & there are many -precious stones in that river Inde. And in that ryver -men finde Eles of xxx foote long & men y<sup>t</sup> dwell nere -that river are of evill colour, yelowe & grene. In Inde -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page124" id="page124"></a>[pg 124]</span> -is more than fyve thousande yles that men dwell in -good and great, beside those that men dwel not in. -And in eche one of those is great plenty of cities and -muche people, for men of Inde are of that condicion that -they passe not out of theyr lande commonly, for they -dwell under a planet that is called Saturne, & that planet -maketh his course by the xii signes in xxx<a id="footnotetagcpliii1" name="footnotetagcpliii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii1"><sup>1</sup></a> yeare and -the Mone passeth through the xii signes in a moneth -and for that Saturne is of so late sterying,<a id="footnotetagcpliii2" name="footnotetagcpliii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii2"><sup>2</sup></a> therefore men -that dwell under him, & in that clymate have no good -will to be much sterying aboute. And in our countrey -is it contrary, for we are in a climate that is of the mone, -& of light stering and that is the planet of way, & therefore -it giveth us will to much moving & steryng and to -go into diverse countreys of the world, for it goeth about -the worlde more lyghtly than any other planet dothe. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page125" id="page125"></a>[pg 125]</span> -Also men passe through Inde by many countreys unto -the great Occean Sea. And then they fynde the yle of -Hermes where marchaunts of Venis and of Gene and of -other diverse partes of christendome come for to by -them marchaundise.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/124-1000.png"><img src="images/124-500.png" width="500" height="366" alt="and the women be not ashamed for the men" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/125-1000.png"><img src="images/125-500.png" width="500" height="356" alt="for some ymage hath an head lyke an Oxe" /></a></div> - -<p>In this lande men and women lye all naked in the -ryvers and waters, from undren<a id="footnotetagcpliii3" name="footnotetagcpliii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii3"><sup>3</sup></a> or heate of the day tyll -it be past none, and they ly all in the water but the face, -for the great heat that is there, and the women be not -ashamed for the men. In that yle are the ships without -nayles of yron, or bond, for roches of Adamand<a id="footnotetagcpliii4" name="footnotetagcpliii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii4"><sup>4</sup></a> that -are in the sea would draw shippes to them. From this -yle men go by the sea to the yle of Lana where is great -plenty of corne, and the King of this yle was sometime -so mighty that he helde war against King Alexander -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page126" id="page126"></a>[pg 126]</span> -with great strength. Men of this yle have many maner -beleves and faithe & have also diverse lawes, for some do -worship the Sunne, some the fyre, some the trees, & some -the serpents, or any other thinge that they fyrst meete in -the morning, and some doe worship simulacres<a id="footnotetagcpliii5" name="footnotetagcpliii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii5"><sup>5</sup></a> and -Idoles, but betwene symulacres & ydoles is no<a id="footnotetagcpliii6" name="footnotetagcpliii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii6"><sup>6</sup></a> difference, -and that is to understande, ymages made to what -lykenesse of thing that man may invent, for some ymage -hath an head lyke an Oxe, some haue three or foure -heddes, on of a man or an hors or Oxe or any other best -that no man hath seene. And ye shall understande -that they that worship symulacres they worship them as -for worthy men that were sometime, as Hercules, and -other that dyd many mervayles in theyr tymes. For -they saye they know well that they are not god of -kynde<a id="footnotetagcpliii7" name="footnotetagcpliii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii7"><sup>7</sup></a> -that made all thinges, but that they are wel<a id="footnotetagcpliii8" name="footnotetagcpliii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii8"><sup>8</sup></a> -with god for the mervayles that they did, and therefore -they worship them. And so say they of the sonne, for -it chaungeth oft tymes, for it giueth sometime great -heate for to nourych<a id="footnotetagcpliii9" name="footnotetagcpliii9"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii9"><sup>9</sup></a> all things on earth, & bicause it -is of so greate profyte they knowe well that it is not God -but it is well with God & that God loveth it more than -any other thing, and for this cause they worshippe it. -And also they saye theyr reasons of other planettes, and -of fyre also, for it is profitable, and nedefull. And of -ydolls they say the Oxe is the holyest that they may -finde here in earthe, and more profitable than any other, -for he doth much good, and none ille, and they knowe -well that it maye not bee without the speciall grace of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page127" id="page127"></a>[pg 127]</span> -God, and therefore they make theyr God of an Oxe, the -one halfe, and the other halfe a man, for man is the -fairest and the best creature of the worlde. And they -doe worship to serpentes, and other beastes that they -fyrste meete with in the morninge, and namely those -bestes that have good, meting after whome they speake<a id="footnotetagcpliii10" name="footnotetagcpliii10"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii10"><sup>10</sup></a> -well all the day after, the which they have proved of -long time, & therefore they say that this meting cometh -of Gods grace, and therefore they doe make ymages lyke -unto those things that they may worship them before -they meete anythinges else. And there are some christen -men that say that some bestes are better for to meet -than some, for hares, swine, and other bestes are ill to -meete first, as they saye. In this yle of Cana is many -wilde bestes, & rattes in that countrey are as great as -houndes here, and they take them with mastifes, for -cattes may not take them. Fro thence men come to a -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page128" id="page128"></a>[pg 128]</span> -citie that men call Sarchys, and it is a faire and a goode -citie and there dwell many christen men of Gods faith, -and there be men of religion. From thence men come -to the land of Lombe & in that lande groweth peper in -a forest that men call Tomber & it groweth in none other -place more in all the worlde than in that forest, and that -forest is well L<a id="footnotetagcpliii11" name="footnotetagcpliii11"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii11"><sup>11</sup></a> daies journey. And there by the lande -of Lombe is the Citie of Polomes,<a id="footnotetagcpliii12" name="footnotetagcpliii12"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii12"><sup>12</sup></a> and under that Citie -is an hyll that men call Polombe and thereof taketh the -citie his name. And so at the fote of the same hill is a -right faire and a clere well, that hath a full good and -sweete savoure, and it smelleth of all maner of sortes of -spyces, and also at eche houre of the daye it changeth -his savour diversly, and who drinketh thries on the daye -of that well, he is made hole of all maner (<i>of</i>) sickenesse -that he hathe. I have sometime dronke of that -well, and methinketh yet that I fare the better; some -call it the well of youth, for they that drinke thereof -seme to be yong alway, and live without great sicknesse, -and they saye this well, cometh from Paradise terrestre, -for it is so vertuous, and in this lande groweth ginger, -and thither come many good marchauntes for spyces. -In this countrey men worship the Oxe for his great simpleness -and mekenesse, and the profite that is in him, -for they make the Oxe to travaile vi or vii yere and then -men do eate him. And the Kinge of that land hath -euermore one Oxe with him, and he that kepeth him -euery day taketh hys fees for the keping. And also -euery daye he gathereth his uryne and his dong in a -vessell of gold, and bereth it to the prelate that they call, -Archi porta papaton<a id="footnotetagcpliii13" name="footnotetagcpliii13"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii13"><sup>13</sup></a> and the prelate bereth it to the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page129" id="page129"></a>[pg 129]</span> -King, and maketh thereupon a great blessing and then -the King putteth his hande therein, and they call it gaule -and hee anoynteth his fronte, and his breste therewith, -and they doe it great worship, and saye he shall be fulfilled -with the vertu of the Oxe before sayde, and that -he is halowed through vertue of that holy thinge as they -saye. And when the Kinge hath this done, then doe it -other lordes, and after them other men after theyr -degree, if they may haue any of the remenaunt.<a id="footnotetagcpliii14" name="footnotetagcpliii14"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii14"><sup>14</sup></a> In -thys countrey theyr ydoles are halfe men and halfe oxe, -as the figure sheweth in the seconde lefe here before, and -out of these ydolles the wycked ghost<a id="footnotetagcpliii15" name="footnotetagcpliii15"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii15"><sup>15</sup></a> speaketh unto -them, and giveth them aunswere of what thing that they -aske him, and before these ydolles they many times -sleay theyr children, and sprinkle the blood on the -ydoles, and so make they sacrifice. And if any man die -in that countrey, they brene them in tokening of penaunce -that he should suffer no penance if he were layd -in the earth for eating of wormes. And if his wife haue -no children then they burne hir with him, and they saye -that is good reason that she keepe him company in the -other worlde, as she dyd in this, & if she haue children -she may liue with them and<a id="footnotetagcpliii16" name="footnotetagcpliii16"></a><a href="#footnotecpliii16"><sup>16</sup></a> she will; and if the wyfe -dye before, she shall be burnt, & hir husbande also, if he -will. In this countrey groweth good wine, & women -drink wine & men none, and women shaue theyr berds -& not men.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/127-1000.png"><img src="images/127-500.png" width="500" height="355" alt="In this yle of Cana is many wilde bestes" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpliii1" name="footnotecpliii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii1">1:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says 20 years.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii2" name="footnotecpliii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii2">2:</a> -Slow motion.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii3" name="footnotecpliii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii3">3:</a> -An early hour before noon. A Latin edition has it:—"<i>A diei -hora tertia, usq: ad nonam</i>."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii4" name="footnotecpliii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii4">4:</a> -Loadstone rocks.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii5" name="footnotecpliii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii5">5:</a> -Images.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii6" name="footnotecpliii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii6">6:</a> -Other editions have "a gret difference," which the context -shows should be the right reading.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii7" name="footnotecpliii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii7">7:</a> -Similar to Him that made, &c.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii8" name="footnotecpliii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii8">8:</a> -They were helped by God in the marvels, &c.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii9" name="footnotecpliii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii9">9:</a> -Nourish.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii10" name="footnotecpliii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii10">10:</a> -Speed, <i>i.e.</i> have good luck.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii11" name="footnotecpliii11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii11">11:</a> -Other editions say 18.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii12" name="footnotecpliii12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii12">12:</a> -Quilon, on the Malabar Coast.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii13" name="footnotecpliii13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii13">13:</a> -Archi proto papaton.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii14" name="footnotecpliii14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii14">14:</a> -Remnant.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliii15" name="footnotecpliii15"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii15">15:</a> -Wicked spirit.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpliii16" name="footnotecpliii16"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliii16">16:</a> -An, if.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page130" id="page130"></a>[pg 130]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LIIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of the Kingedome of Mabaron.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/130-1000.png"><img src="images/130-500.png" width="500" height="353" alt="In this lande lyeth Sainct Thomas in a fayre tombe" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM this lande men go many journeys to a countrey -that men call Mabaron,<a id="footnotetagcpliiii1" name="footnotetagcpliiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpliiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> and this is a greate -Kingdome, therein is many fayre cities & townes. In -this lande lyeth Sainct Thomas in a fayre tombe, in -fleshe and bones, in the Citie of Calamy, and the arme -and hande that hee put in our Lordes syde after his -resurrection, when Christ sayde unto hym, <i>Noli esse incredulus -sed fidelis:</i>, that is to saye, Be not of vaine hope -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page131" id="page131"></a>[pg 131]</span> -but beleve; that same hande lyeth yet without the -tombe bare, and with this hande they giue theyr domes<a id="footnotetagcpliiii2" name="footnotetagcpliiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpliiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> -in that countrey, to mete<a id="footnotetagcpliiii3" name="footnotetagcpliiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpliiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> who saith righte, and who -doeth not, for, if any stryfe be betwene two parties, they -write their names, & put them into the hand, & then -incontinently the hande casteth away the byll<a id="footnotetagcpliiii4" name="footnotetagcpliiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpliiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> of him -that hath wronge and holdeth the other still that hathe -righte, and therefore they come from farre countreys to -have Judgementes of causes that are in doubte. In this -church of Saint Thomas is a great image, y<sup>t</sup> is a simulacre, -& it is richly beset with precious stons & perles, -to that image men come in pilgrimage from farre countreys, -with great devocion, as Christen men go to Saint -James, & there come some pilgrims y<sup>t</sup> beare sharp knives -in theyr handes, & as they go by the waye they shere<a id="footnotetagcpliiii5" name="footnotetagcpliiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpliiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> -theyr shankes & thyghes, that the bloude may come out -for the love of that ydoll and they saye that he is holy -that will dye for that ydols sake. And there is some -that for the time that they go out of their houses at eche -third pace they knele till that they come to this idole. -And when they come there they have ensence<a id="footnotetagcpliiii6" name="footnotetagcpliiii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpliiii6"><sup>6</sup></a> or such -other thing for to ensence the ydole, as we would do to -Gods body. And there before that mynster or church of -this ydol, is a river full of water, & in that river pilgrims -cast gold, silver, perles & other precious stones without -number, in stede of offerings, and therefore, when y<sup>e</sup> -maister of the minster hath any neede of helping, as sone -they go the river & take thereout as much as they haue -neede to helping of y<sup>e</sup> minster. And ye shall understande -when that any greate festes come of y<sup>e</sup> Idol, as -the dedication day of the church, or of the throning of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page132" id="page132"></a>[pg 132]</span> -the Idol, all the countrey there about assemble them -there togither and then men set this Idoll with great -reverence & worship in a chaire well dressed with cloth -of gold, and other tapistry, & so they carry him with -great reverence & worship, rounde about the citie, and -before the chaire goeth firste in procession all the maidens -of the countrey two & two togither, & so after them go -the pilgrimes that are come fro far countreys, of the which -pilgrims some fall downe before the chaire, & letteth all -go over them and so are they slaine, and some haue -theyr armes broken & leggs,<a id="footnotetagcpliiii7" name="footnotetagcpliiii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpliiii7"><sup>7</sup></a> and this they doe for love -of the Idol, and they beleve the more paine that they -suffer here for their Idol the more joy shall they haue in -y<sup>e</sup> other world, & a man shall finde few Christen men -will suffer so much penaunce for our Lordes sake as -they do for the ydoll. And nighe before the chaire go -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page133" id="page133"></a>[pg 133]</span> -all the mynstrels of the countrey, as it were without -nomber with many divers melodyes. And when they -are come againe to the Church they sette up the ydol -againe in his throne, and for worship of the ydoll two or -three<a id="footnotetagcpliiii8" name="footnotetagcpliiii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpliiii8"><sup>8</sup></a> are slaine with sharpe knives with their good will. -And also a man thinketh in our countrey that he hath a -great worshippe to haue an holy man in his kyn, lykewise -they saye that those that are there slayne are holye -men and sayntes & they are wrytten in their letany, and -when they are thus dead theyr frendes brene theyr bodies -& they take the ashes, and those are kepte as relykes, -and they say it is an holy thing, & that they doubte of -no perill when they haue of those ashes.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/132-1000.png"><img src="images/132-500.png" width="500" height="360" alt="at eche third pace they knele till that they come to this idole" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/133-1000.png"><img src="images/133-500.png" width="500" height="343" alt="and there come some pilgrims that beare sharp knives in theyr handes (illo doesn't quite fit the text)" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpliiii1" name="footnotecpliiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliiii1">1:</a> -Identical with the Maabav of Marco Polo, book 3, cap. xvi., where he gives a very interesting account of the place. -It was what we call the Coromandel Coast.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliiii2" name="footnotecpliiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliiii2">2:</a> -Judgments.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliiii3" name="footnotecpliiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliiii3">3:</a> -Find out.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliiii4" name="footnotecpliiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliiii4">4:</a> -Paper.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliiii5" name="footnotecpliiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliiii5">5:</a> -Cut their legs.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliiii6" name="footnotecpliiii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliiii6">6:</a> -Incense.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpliiii7" name="footnotecpliiii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliiii7">7:</a> -Mandeville probably describes the Car of Juggernaut.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpliiii8" name="footnotecpliiii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpliiii8">8:</a> -Other editions have it "two or three hundred."</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page134" id="page134"></a>[pg 134]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LV.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of a great countrey called Lamory, where the people go all -naked & other things.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/134-1000.png"><img src="images/134-500.png" width="500" height="368" alt="Lamory, where the people go all naked" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM this countrey <span class="sc">LII</span> journeys is a countrey that -men call Lamory,<a id="footnotetagcplv1" name="footnotetagcplv1"></a><a href="#footnotecplv1"><sup>1</sup></a> and in that lande is greate -heate, and it is the custome there, that men and women -go al naked and they scorne all them that are clade, for -they say that God made Adam & Eve all naked, and -that men shoulde haue no shame of that God made, & -they beleve in the same God that made Adam & Eve -and all the world, and there is no woman wedded, but -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page135" id="page135"></a>[pg 135]</span> -women are all common there, and they forsake no man. -And they say that God commaunded to Adam & Eve -and all that come of them saying, <i>Crescite & multiplicamini, -& replete Terram</i>. That is to say in English, -Encrease & multiply and fyll the earth, and no man -may say there, This is my wife, & no woman may say, -this is my husbande. And when they haue any children -they give them to whom they will of men that haue -medled with them. Also the lande is all common, for -every man taketh what he will, for that one man hath in -one yere now, an other man hath another yeare. Also -all the goods, as corne, beastes and all maner thing of -that countrey are all in common. For there is nothing -under locke, and as riche is one man as an other, but -they haue an evill custome in eating of fleshe, for they -eate gladlier mans fleshe than other. Neverthelesse in -that lande is abundaunce of corne, of fleshe, of fishe, of -golde of silver and all maner of goods. And thether -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page136" id="page136"></a>[pg 136]</span> -doeth the marchauntes bring their children for to sell, -and those that are fatte they eate them, & those that be -lean, they kepe them tyll they befatte, & then are they -eaten. And besyde this yle of Lamory, is another yle -that men call Somober,<a id="footnotetagcplv2" name="footnotetagcplv2"></a><a href="#footnotecplv2"><sup>2</sup></a> and is a good yle, men of that -yle do marke them in the visage with an hot yron, bothe -men & women for great nobility & to be knowen from -other, for they hold themselfe the worthiest of y<sup>e</sup> world -and they haue warre evermore with those men that are -naked that I spake of before. Also there are many -other yles and diverse maner of men, of the which it -were overmuch for to speake of all.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/135-1000.png"><img src="images/135-500.png" width="500" height="350" alt="and they haue warre evermore ..." /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/136-1000.png"><img src="images/136-500.png" width="500" height="350" alt="... with those men that are naked that I spake of before" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplv1" name="footnotecplv1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplv1">1:</a> -Sumatra.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplv2" name="footnotecplv2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplv2">2:</a> -? Sumatra. One or other, Lamory or Somober, is evidently this island.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page137" id="page137"></a>[pg 137]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LVI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of the countrey and yle named Java, which is a mighty -lande.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/137-1000.png"><img src="images/137-500.png" width="500" height="356" alt="nutmeg" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND there is also a great yle that men call Java & -the kinge of that countrey hath under hym seven -kinges, for he is a full mightie prince. In this yle -groweth all maner of spyces more plenteously than in -any other place, as ginger, clowes, canell<a id="footnotetagcplvi1" name="footnotetagcplvi1"></a><a href="#footnotecplvi1"><sup>1</sup></a> -nutmyge<a id="footnotetagcplvi2" name="footnotetagcplvi2"></a><a href="#footnotecplvi2"><sup>2</sup></a> and -other, and ye shall understande that the nutmyge beareth -the maces, & of all thing therein is plenty savinge wine. -The King of this lande hath a riche palace and the best -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page138" id="page138"></a>[pg 138]</span> -that is in the worlde, for all the greces of his hall and -chambres are all made one of gold & another of silver, -& all the walls are plated with fine gold and silver, & -on those plates are written stories of knightes, and -batayles, and the pavimente of the hall and chambres is -of golde and silver, and there is no man that woulde -beleve this riches that is there except hee had sene it, -and the Kynge of this yle is so mightie, that he hath -many times overcom the great Caane of Cathay which -is the myghtiest Emperour that is in all the worlde, for -there is often warre amonge them, for the great Caane -would make hym hold his land of him.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplvi1" name="footnotecplvi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplvi1">1:</a> -Cinnamon.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplvi2" name="footnotecplvi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplvi2">2:</a> -Nutmeg.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LVII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the Kingdome of Pathen or Salmasse, which is a -goodly lande.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND for to go forth by the sea, there is an yle that -is called Pater, and some call it Salmasse, for it is -a great kingedome with many faire cities. In this lande -groweth trees that beare meale, of which men make faire -bread & white & of good savour, and it seemeth lyke as -it were of wheate. And there be other trees that beare -venym,<a id="footnotetagcplvii1" name="footnotetagcplvii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplvii1"><sup>1</sup></a> againe the which is no medicine but one, that is -to take of the leaves of the same tree and stampe them, -and tempre them with water and drinke it, or else he -shall dye sodainly, for Treacle may not helpe. And if -you will know how this tree beare meale, I shall tell you, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page139" id="page139"></a>[pg 139]</span> -men hew with a hatchet aboute the rote of the tree by -the earth, and they perce him in many sundry places, -and then cometh out a lycoure the which they take in a -vessell, and sette in the sonne and dry it, and when it is -dry, they cary it unto the mille to grynde, and so it is -faire meale and white. Also hony wyne, and venym are -drawen out of other trees in the same maner, and they -put it in vessels to keepe. In that yle is a dead sea, which -is a water that hath no grounde and if anythinge fall -therein it shall never be founde, besyde that sea groweth -great canes and under theyr rootes men finde precious -stones of great vertue, for he that beareth one of those -stones uppon him, there may no yron greve<a id="footnotetagcplvii2" name="footnotetagcplvii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplvii2"><sup>2</sup></a> him nor drawe -blood on hym, and therefore they y<sup>t</sup> have those stones -fyght full hardely, for there may no quarell<a id="footnotetagcplvii3" name="footnotetagcplvii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplvii3"><sup>3</sup></a> nor such -thing greve them, therefore they that knowe the maner -make their quarell without yron & so they sleay them.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/139-1000.png"><img src="images/139-500.png" width="500" height="355" alt="trees" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplvii1" name="footnotecplvii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplvii1">1:</a> -Poison, <i>i.e.</i>, are poisonous.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplvii2" name="footnotecplvii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplvii2">2:</a> -Wound or hurt.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplvii3" name="footnotecplvii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplvii3">3:</a> -Arrow.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page140" id="page140"></a>[pg 140]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LVIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of the Kingdome of Talonach, the king thereof hath -many wyves.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/140-1000.png"><img src="images/140-500.png" width="500" height="360" alt="??" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HEN is there another yle that men call Talonach, -that is a greate lande, and plenteous of goods & -fyshes, as you shall hereafter heare. And the King of -the lande hath as many wives as he will, a thousande & -mo, and lyeth never by one of them but once, and that -lande hath a marvayle that is in no other land, for all -maner of fyshes of the sea cometh there once a yeare, -one after another, and lyeth him nere the lande, sometime -on the lande, and so lye three dayes, and men of -that lande come thither and take of them what he will, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page141" id="page141"></a>[pg 141]</span> -and then go those fyshes awaye and another sorte -commeth, and lyeth also three dayes and men take of -them, and doe thus all maner of fyshes tyll all haue -bene there, and menne have taken what they wyll. And -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page142" id="page142"></a>[pg 142]</span> -menne wot<a id="footnotetagcplviii1" name="footnotetagcplviii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplviii1"><sup>1</sup></a> not the cause why it is so. But they of -that countrey saye, that those fyshes come so thyther to -do worship to theyr king, for they say he is the most -worthiest king of the worlde for he hath so many wives -and geateth so many children of them. And that same -kinge that <span class="sc">XIIII M</span> Olyfauntes or mo which be all tame, -and they be all fedde of the men his countrey, for his -pleasure bicause that he may haue them redy to his hande -when he hath any warre against any kyng or prince, and -then he doth put uppon theyr backs castels & men of -warre as the use is of the lande, and lykewyse do other -kyngs and princes thereabout.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/141a-1000.png"><img src="images/141a-500.png" width="500" height="356" alt="all maner of fyshes" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/141b-1000.png"><img src="images/141b-500.png" width="500" height="348" alt="the king has 14,000 elephants ready for war, with 'castles' on their backs" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecplviii1" name="footnotecplviii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplviii1">1:</a> -Know.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/142-300.png"><img src="images/142-150.png" width="150" height="154" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page143" id="page143"></a>[pg 143]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LIX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of the ylande called Raso</i><a id="footnotetagcplix1" name="footnotetagcplix1"></a><a href="#footnotecplix1"><sup>1</sup></a> <i>where men be hanged as sone -as they are sicke.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/143-1000.png"><img src="images/143-500.png" width="500" height="352" alt="where men be hanged as sone as they are sicke" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND from this yle menne go unto another yle that -men call Raso, and menne of this yle when that -theyr friendes are sicke & that they beleve surely that -they shal dye, they take them & hange them al quick -on a tree, and say that it is better that byrdes, that are -aungels of God, eate them, than wormes of the earthe. -Fro thence men go to an yle where the men are of ill -kinde, for they nourishe houndes for to strangle men. -And when theyr friendes are sicke that they hope they -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page144" id="page144"></a>[pg 144]</span> -shal dye, then do those houndes strangle them, for they -wyll not that they dye a kyndely death, for then shoulde -they suffre to great paine as they say, & when they are -thus dead they eate theyre flesh for venison.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecplix1" name="footnotecplix1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplix1">1:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> and others say Gaffolo or Caffolos.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of the ylande of Melke wherein dwelleth evill people.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/144-1000.png"><img src="images/144-500.png" width="500" height="355" alt="... it behoveth them to drink eyther others blood, or else the accorde is nought" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM thence menne go through many yles by sea -unto an yle that men call Melke, and there be full -yll people, for they haue none other delyte but to fyght -and slee men, for they drinke gladly mans blood, which -blood they call good, and they that maye most sleay is -of moste name amonge them. And if two men there be -at stryfe and after bee made at one, it behoveth them to -drink eyther others blood, or else the accorde is nought. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page145" id="page145"></a>[pg 145]</span> -From this yle men go to an yle that is called Tracota -where all men are as beastes & not reasonable, they -dwell in caves, for they haue not wyt to make them -houses, they eate adders<a id="footnotetagcplx1" name="footnotetagcplx1"></a><a href="#footnotecplx1"><sup>1</sup></a> and they speake not, but they -make such a noyse as adders doe one to another, and -they make no force of ryches but of a stone that hath -forty colours, and it is called Traconyt after that yle, -they know not the vertue thereof but they covete it for -the great fayreness.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/145-1000.png"><img src="images/145-500.png" width="500" height="353" alt="they eate adders" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecplx1" name="footnotecplx1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplx1">1:</a> -Pliny speaks (Book 7, cap. 2) of adder-eating people in India and elsewhere, but he says they live to the age of four hundred -years, which is supposed to be owing to the flesh of vipers, which they use as food, in consequence of which they are free from all -noxious animals, both in their hair and their garments. In book 29, c. 38, he also gives directions for the preparation of -viper's flesh for food.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page146" id="page146"></a>[pg 146]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of an yland named Macumeran, whereas the people haue -heads lyke houndes.</i><a id="footnotetagcplxi1" name="footnotetagcplxi1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxi1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/146-1000.png"><img src="images/146-500.png" width="500" height="352" alt="whereas the people haue heads lyke houndes" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM that yle menne go to an yle that is called -Macumeran, whiche is a greate yle and a fayre -and the men and women of the countrey haue heads like -houndes, they are reasonable & worship an oxe for their -god, they go all naked but a little clothe before them, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page147" id="page147"></a>[pg 147]</span> -they are good men to fighte, & they beare a great target -with which they couer all the body and a speare in theyr -hande, and if they take any man in batayle they sende -him to theyr King which is a great lorde & devoute in -his faith, for he hath about his necke on a cord thre -hondred pearles great & orient,<a id="footnotetagcplxi2" name="footnotetagcplxi2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxi2"><sup>2</sup></a> in maner of Pater noster, -and as we saye Pater noster, and Ave maria. Right so -ye King saith euery day three hundred prayers to his -god before he eate, & he beareth also about hys necke a -ruby, oryent, fine & good, that is neer a foote & five -fingers long. For when they chuse theyr Kyng they -giue to him that Ruby to beare in his hande, and then -they lead him riding about the citie, and then euer after -are they subjecte to him, and therefore he beareth that -Ruby alway about his necke, for if he beareth not the -Ruby, they woulde no longer holde hym for kynge. The -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page148" id="page148"></a>[pg 148]</span> -greate Caane of Cathay hath much coveted this Ruby: -but he might never haue it, neither for war nor for other -catell,<a id="footnotetagcplxi3" name="footnotetagcplxi3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxi3"><sup>3</sup></a> and this Kinge is a full true & a righteous man, -for men may go safely & surely through his lande & -beare y<sup>t</sup> he will, for there is no man so hardy to let<a id="footnotetagcplxi4" name="footnotetagcplxi4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxi4"><sup>4</sup></a> -them. And from thence men go to an ile that is called -Silo, this ile is more than a hundred<a id="footnotetagcplxi5" name="footnotetagcplxi5"></a><a href="#footnotecplxi5"><sup>5</sup></a> myle about and -therein be many serpents which are great with yelow -stripes & they haue foure feete, with short leggs & great -claws, some be five fadome<a id="footnotetagcplxi6" name="footnotetagcplxi6"></a><a href="#footnotecplxi6"><sup>6</sup></a> of length & some of viii & -some of x & some more and some lesse & be called -Cocodrylles & there are also many wylde beasts & Olyfants.<a id="footnotetagcplxi7" name="footnotetagcplxi7"></a><a href="#footnotecplxi7"><sup>7</sup></a> -Also in this yle & in many yles thereabout are -many wyld geese with two heads, and there be also in -y<sup>t</sup> countrey white lyons and many other dyverse mervaylous -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page149" id="page149"></a>[pg 149]</span> -beastes, & if I should tell it all it should be to long.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/147-1000.png"><img src="images/147-500.png" width="500" height="352" alt="and therein be many serpents ... they haue foure feete ... Cocodrylles" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/148-1000.png"><img src="images/148-500.png" width="500" height="350" alt="in many yles thereabout are many wyld geese with two heads" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxi1" name="footnotecplxi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxi1">1:</a> -Again in Book 7, cap. 2, Pliny speaks of <i>Cynocephali</i>, or dog-headed -people, for he says that on many of the mountains there is -a tribe of men, who have the heads of dogs, and clothe themselves -with the skins of wild beasts. Instead of speaking, they bark; -and, furnished with claws, they live by hunting and catching birds.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxi2" name="footnotecplxi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxi2">2:</a> -Oriental,—coming from the East.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxi3" name="footnotecplxi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxi3">3:</a> -Nor in exchange.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxi4" name="footnotecplxi4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxi4">4:</a> -Hinder.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxi5" name="footnotecplxi5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxi5">5:</a> -Others say 800.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxi6" name="footnotecplxi6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxi6">6:</a> -A fathom is 6 feet.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxi7" name="footnotecplxi7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxi7">7:</a> -Elephants.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"><h2>CAP. LXII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title"><i>Of a great yland called Dodyn, where are many diverse -men of evill conditions.</i></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/149-1000.png"><img src="images/149-500.png" width="500" height="359" alt="men of Dodyn" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HEN there is another yle that men call Dodyn, & -it is a great yle. In this yle are maner diverse -maner of men y<sup>t</sup> haue evyll maners, for the father eateth -the son & the son the father the husband his wyfe and -the wyfe hir husbande. And if it so be that the father -be sicke, or the mother, or any frend, the sonne goeth -soone to the priest of the law & prayeth him that he will -aske of the ydoll if his father shall dye of that sicknesse -or not. And then the priest and the son kneele downe -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page150" id="page150"></a>[pg 150]</span> -before the ydole devoutly & asketh him, and he aunswereth -to them, and if he say that he shall lyve, then -they kepe him wel, and if he say that he shall dye, then -commeth the priest with the son or with the wyfe or -what frende that it be unto him y<sup>t</sup> is sicke, and they lay -their hands over his mouth to stop his breath, and so -they sley him & then they smite all the body into peces -& praieth all his frendes for to come and eate of him that -is dead, and they make a great feste thereof and haue -many minstrels there, and eate him with great melody. -And so when they haue eaten al y<sup>e</sup> flesh, then they take -the bones and bury them all singing with great worship, -and all those that are of his friendes that were not there -at the eating of him haue great shame and vylany, so -that they shall never more be taken as frends. And the -King of this yle is a great lord and mightie, & he hath -under him <span class="sc">Liiii</span> grete Yles and eche of them hath a King, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page151" id="page151"></a>[pg 151]</span> -and in one of these yles are men that haue but one eye, -& that is in the middest of theyr front and they eate not -flesh & fishe all rawe. And in another yle dwell men -that haue no heads & theyr eyen are in theyr shoulders -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page152" id="page152"></a>[pg 152]</span> -& theyr mouth is on theyr breste.<a id="footnotetagcplxii1" name="footnotetagcplxii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxii1"><sup>1</sup></a> In another yle are men -that haue no head ne eyen and theyr mouth is in theyr -shoulders. And in another yle are men that haue flatte -faces without nose and without eyen, but they haue two -small round holes in stede of eyen, and they haue a flatte -mouth without lippes. And in that yle are men also -that haue their faces all flat without eyen, without mouth -& without nose, but they haue their eyen and their mouth -behinde on their shoulders. And in an other yle are -foule men that haue the lippes aboute the mouth so -greate that when they sleepe in the sonne, they cover all -theyr face with the lippe. And in another yle are lyttle -men as dwarfes, and haue no mouth but a lyttle rounde -hole & through that hole they eate their meat with a -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page153" id="page153"></a>[pg 153]</span> -pipe, & they haue no tongue & they speake not but they -blow & whistle and so make signes one to another. And -in another yle are men with hanging eares unto their -shoulders.<a id="footnotetagcplxii2" name="footnotetagcplxii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxii2"><sup>2</sup></a> And in another yle are wild men with -hanging eares & haue feete lyke an hors & they run faste -& they take wild beastes and eate them. And in another -yle are men that go on theyr handes & feete lyke beasts -& are all rough and will leape upon a tree like cattes or -apes. And in an other yle are men that go euer uppon -theyr knees mervaylosly, and haue on euery foote viii -Toes.<a id="footnotetagcplxii3" name="footnotetagcplxii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxii3"><sup>3</sup></a> Many other maner of folke bee in the sea in -yles thereabout, of whome it were to longe to tell all.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/150-1000.png"><img src="images/150-500.png" width="500" height="356" alt="inhabitant of nearby island" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/151-1000.png"><img src="images/151-500.png" width="500" height="348" alt="inhabitant of nearby island" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/152-1000.png"><img src="images/152-500.png" width="500" height="349" alt="inhabitant of nearby island" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxii1" name="footnotecplxii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxii1">1:</a> -Here again Pliny says in his 7th book, cap. 2:—"These people dwell not very far from the Troglodytæ (<i>dwellers in caves</i>) to the -west, of whom again there is a tribe who are without necks, and <i>have eyes in their shoulders</i>."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxii2" name="footnotecplxii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxii2">2:</a> -See <a href="#page221">Appendix</a>.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxii3" name="footnotecplxii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxii3">3:</a> -Here a paragraph is omitted, not being suitable for general readers.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"><h2>CAP. LXIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the Kingedome named Mancy which is the best kingedome -of the worlde.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>O go from this yle toward the east many journies -a man shall finde a kingdome that is called Mancy<a id="footnotetagcplxiii1" name="footnotetagcplxiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> -& this is in Inde the more, & it is y<sup>e</sup> most delectable -and plenty of goods of all the worlde. In this lande -dwell christen men and Sarasins, for it is a great lande, -and therein are <span class="sc">II M</span> great cities & many other townes. -In this lande no man goeth a begging, for there is no -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page154" id="page154"></a>[pg 154]</span> -pore man, and there men haue beardes of heare<a id="footnotetagcplxiii2" name="footnotetagcplxiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> as it -were cattes. In this lande are faire women, and therefore -some men call that lande Albany, for the white -folke, and there is a citie that men call Latorim and is -more<a id="footnotetagcplxiii3" name="footnotetagcplxiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> than Paris, and in that land are birdes twise -greater than they be here and there is all maner of -vytayles good cheape.<a id="footnotetagcplxiii4" name="footnotetagcplxiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> In this countrey are whyte -hennes, and they beare no feathers but woll<a id="footnotetagcplxiii5" name="footnotetagcplxiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> as shepe -doe in our lande; and women of that countrey that are -wedded beare crownes uppon theyr heads that they may -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page155" id="page155"></a>[pg 155]</span> -be knowne by. In this countrey they take a beast that -is called Loyres, and they keepe it to goe in to waters -or ryvers, and straighte waye hee bringeth out of the -water great fishes, and thus they take fishe as longe as -they will, and as them nedeth. Fro this citie men go -by many journeys to an other citie that is called Cassay,<a id="footnotetagcplxiii6" name="footnotetagcplxiii6"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii6"><sup>6</sup></a> -that is the fayrest citie of the worlde, and that citie is -fifty myle about and there is in that citie mo than xii<a id="footnotetagcplxiii7" name="footnotetagcplxiii7"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii7"><sup>7</sup></a> -principall gates without. From thence within three myle -is an other great citie, and within this citie are more -than xii thousand bridges and upon eche bridge is a -stronge toure where the kepers dwell to kepe it against -the great Caane, for it marcheth<a id="footnotetagcplxiii8" name="footnotetagcplxiii8"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii8"><sup>8</sup></a> on his land. And on -one side of the citie runneth a great river, and there -dwell christen men & other for it is a good countrey and -plentious, & there groweth right good wine. In this -noble citie the King of Mancy was wont to dwell and -there dwell religious men, as fryers. And men go vpon -the river till they come to an Abbey of Monkes a lyttle -from the citie & in y<sup>t</sup> Abbey is a great gardeine, and -therein is many maner of trees of divers fruites, in that -gardein are divers kindes of beastes, as Baboyns,<a id="footnotetagcplxiii9" name="footnotetagcplxiii9"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii9"><sup>9</sup></a> Apes, -Marmosets and other, & when the covent<a id="footnotetagcplxiii10" name="footnotetagcplxiii10"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii10"><sup>10</sup></a> haue eaten, a -monke taketh the reliefe<a id="footnotetagcplxiii11" name="footnotetagcplxiii11"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii11"><sup>11</sup></a> & beareth it into the gardein, -& smiteth once with a bell of silver which he holdeth in -his hand, anone come out these beastes that I speake of -and many nere <span class="sc">II</span> or <span class="sc">III</span> thousand,<a id="footnotetagcplxiii12" name="footnotetagcplxiii12"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii12"><sup>12</sup></a> -and he giveth them<span class="pagenum"><a name="page156" id="page156"></a>[pg 156]</span> -to eate of<a id="footnotetagcplxiii13" name="footnotetagcplxiii13"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii13"><sup>13</sup></a> faire vessels of silver, & when they haue -eaten he smyteth the bell againe and they go away, and -the monke sayth that those beasts are soules of men -that are dead, and those beastes that are fayre are soules -of Lordes and other rich men, & those that are foule -beastes are soules of other commons, and I asked them -if it had not been better to give that relife to pore men, -& they sayde there is no pore men in y<sup>e</sup> countrey and if -there were yet were it more almes to give it to those -soules y<sup>t</sup> suffer there their penaunce & may go no farther -to get their meat, than to men that haue wit & may -travail for theyr meat. Then come men to a citie y<sup>t</sup> is -called Chibens & there was the first sege<a id="footnotetagcplxiii14" name="footnotetagcplxiii14"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiii14"><sup>14</sup></a> of the King -of Mancy. In this citie are LX brydges of stone as -fayre as they may be.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<a href="images/154-1000.png"><img src="images/154-500.png" width="500" height="353" alt="In this countrey are whyte hennes, and they beare no feathers but woll" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxiii1" name="footnotecplxiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii1">1:</a> -Or Manzi, that part of China south of the river Hoang-ho.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxiii2" name="footnotecplxiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii2">2:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> has "berdes <i>thynne</i> of here, as it were cattes."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxiii3" name="footnotecplxiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii3">3:</a> -Larger.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxiii4" name="footnotecplxiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii4">4:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> here has, "and there is plenty of great neddres (<i>adders</i>) of whyche they make a greate fest and ete theym at great solemnytees. -For, if a man make a greate fest, and had gyven them all the mete that he myght gete, and he give theym no neddres, he -hath no thanke for all that he doth."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxiii5" name="footnotecplxiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii5">5:</a> -Wool.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxiii6" name="footnotecplxiii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii6">6:</a> -Hangchow-fu.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxiii7" name="footnotecplxiii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii7">7:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says, "There is in y<sup>t</sup> citie mo than VII thousand gates and each of III gate is a good toure where the kepers dwell," &c.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxiii8" name="footnotecplxiii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii8">8:</a> -Borders.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxiii9" name="footnotecplxiii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii9">9:</a> -Baboons.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxiii10" name="footnotecplxiii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii10">10:</a> -Convent.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxiii11" name="footnotecplxiii11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii11">11:</a> -What is left over.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxiii12" name="footnotecplxiii12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii12">12:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says III Thousand or IIII Thousand.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxiii13" name="footnotecplxiii13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii13">13:</a> -Off.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxiii14" name="footnotecplxiii14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiii14">14:</a> -Seat or settlement.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"><h2>CAP. LXIIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the lande of Pygmen,</i><a id="footnotetagcplxiiii1" name="footnotetagcplxiiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> -<i>wherein dwell but smal people of three spanne long.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">W</span>HEN men passe from that citie of Chibens, they -passe over a great river of freshe water, and it -is nere <span class="sc">IIII</span> mile brode & then men enter into the lande -of the great Caan. This river goeth through the land -of Pigmeens, and there men are of little stature for they -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page157" id="page157"></a>[pg 157]</span> -are but three span long, and they are right fayre bothe -men and women, though they bee little, and they are -wedded when they are halfe a yere olde, and they live -but viii<a id="footnotetagcplxiiii2" name="footnotetagcplxiiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxiiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> yeare, and he that liveth viii yeare is holden -right olde, and these small men are the best workemen -in sylke and of cotton in all maner of thing that are in -the worlde, and these smal men travail not nor tyl land -but they haue amonge them great men, as we are, to -travaill for them & they haue great scorne of those great -men, as we would haue of giaunts or of them if they -were among us.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxiiii1" name="footnotecplxiiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiiii1">1:</a> -Pigmies, dwarfs. Homer, in the third book of the Iliad, has -immortalized the Pigmies and their battles with the Cranes. (See -<a href="#page275b">Appendix</a> for a curious engraving.) Pliny, in his 7th Book, cap. 2, -speaks thus of them: "Beyond these people, and at the very extremity -of the mountains, the Trispithami (<i>from</i> <ins title="Greek: treis">τρεῖς</ins>, <i>three, and</i> -<ins title="Greek: spithamai">σπιθαμὶ</ins>, <i>spans</i>), and the Pigmies are said to exist; two races that -are but three spans in height—that is to say, twenty-seven inches -only. They enjoy a salubrious atmosphere and a perpetual spring, -being sheltered by the mountains from the northern blasts: it is -these people that Homer has mentioned as being waged war upon -by cranes. It is said that they are in the habit of going down, -every spring, to the sea shore in a large body, seated on the backs -of rams and goats, and armed with arrows, and there destroy the -eggs and the young of those birds; that this expedition occupies -them for the space of three months, and that otherwise it would be -impossible for them to withstand the increasing multitudes of the -cranes. Their cabins, it is said, are built of mud, mixed with -feathers and egg-shells. Aristotle, indeed, says that they dwell in -caves; but, in other respects, he gives the same details as other -writers."</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxiiii2" name="footnotecplxiiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxiiii2">2:</a> -Other editions say six or seven years.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/157-200.png"><img src="images/157-100.png" width="100" height="67" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page158" id="page158"></a>[pg 158]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXV.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the citie of Menke where is a great navy.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM this land men go through many countreys -cities & towns, till they come to a citie that men -call Menke. In that citie is a great navy of ships and -they are as white as snow of the kind of the wod that -they are made of & they are made as it were great -houses with halles and chambres and other easements.<a id="footnotetagcplxv1" name="footnotetagcplxv1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxv1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecplxv1" name="footnotecplxv1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxv1">1:</a> -Conveniences.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXVI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the land named Cathay and of the great riches thereof.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND from thence men go uppon a river that men -call Ceremosan, and this river goeth throughe -Cathay<a id="footnotetagcplxvi1" name="footnotetagcplxvi1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxvi1"><sup>1</sup></a> & doth many times harme when it waxeth -great. Cathay is a faire countrey & rich, ful of goods -and merchandises, thether come marchauntes everye -yeare for to fetch spices and other marchandises more -commonly than they do in other countreys. And ye -shall understand that marchaunts that come from Venice -or from Gene or from other places of Lombardy, or of -Italy, they go by sea and land, xi monthes and more or -they may come to Cathay.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecplxvi1" name="footnotecplxvi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxvi1">1:</a> -Northern China.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page159" id="page159"></a>[pg 159]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXVII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of a great citie named Cadon therein is the great Caanes -palaice and sege.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>N the province of Cathay towards the East, is an olde -citie & beside that citie the Tartariens have made an -other citie that men call Cadon,<a id="footnotetagcplxvii1" name="footnotetagcplxvii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxvii1"><sup>1</sup></a> y<sup>t</sup> -hathe xii<a id="footnotetagcplxvii2" name="footnotetagcplxvii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxvii2"><sup>2</sup></a> gates, and -betwene eche two gates is a great myle, so those two -cities the olde and the new is round about xx myle. In -this citie is the palaice and sege of y<sup>e</sup> great Caane in a -full faire place and great, of which the wals about is two -myle, and within that are many fayre places, and in the -gardeyne of that palaice is a right greate hill on the -which is an other palaice, and it is the fayrest that may -bee founde in any place, and all about that hyll are many -trees berynge divers fruites, and about that hyll is a -great dyche, and there nere are many rivers on eche syde, -and in those are many wylde foules that he may take -and not go out of the palayce. Within y<sup>e</sup> hall of that -palaice are xxiiii pillers of gold and all the walks are -covered with rych skynnes of beastes that men call Panthera.</p> - -<p>Those are fayre beastes and well smelling and of the -smell of those skynnes, none evyll smell may come to -the palayce, those skynnes are as redde as bloude, and -they shine so against the Sonne that a man can scarcely -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page160" id="page160"></a>[pg 160]</span> -beholde them and those skynnes are estemed there as -much as golde.</p> - -<p>In the myddest of the palace is a place made that -they call the Monture<a id="footnotetagcplxvii3" name="footnotetagcplxvii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxvii3"><sup>3</sup></a> for the great Caane, that is well -made with precious stones and great hanging about, and -at the foure corners of that Montour are foure nedders<a id="footnotetagcplxvii4" name="footnotetagcplxvii4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxvii4"><sup>4</sup></a> -of golde, & under that mountour and about are conduites -of bevrage that they drink in the Emperour's courte. -And the hall of that palayce is richly dight and wel, and -firste at the upper ende of the hall is the throne of the -Emperour right hie where he sitteth at meate (<i>at a</i>) table -that is well bordered with gold and that bordure is full -of precious stones and great pearles, and the greces on -which he goeth up are of diverse precious stones bordred -with golde.</p> - -<p>At the left syde of his throne is the sege of his wife -a degree lower than he sitteth and that is of Jasper -bordred with gold and the sege of his seconde wife is a -degree lower than the fyrste, and that is also of good -Jasper bordred with golde and the sege of the thyrd wife -is a degree lower than the seconde for alwaye he hathe -three wives with him wheresoeuer he is, besyde these -wives on the same side setteth other ladies of his kin -eche one lower than other, as they are of degree, and all -those that are wedded, haue a counterfaite<a id="footnotetagcplxvii5" name="footnotetagcplxvii5"></a><a href="#footnotecplxvii5"><sup>5</sup></a> of a man's -foote uppon their heads a cubite long and all made with -precious stones, & about they are made with shining -fethers of pecockes or such other in tokening that they -are in subjection to man & under men's feete, & they -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page161" id="page161"></a>[pg 161]</span> -that are not wedded haue none such. On the right side -of the Emperour sitteth fyrste his sonne the which shall -be Emperour after him, and he sitteth also a degree -lower than the Emperour in such maner of seges as the -Emperour sitteth, and by him sitteth other lordes of his -kyn, eche one lower than other as they are of degree. -And the Emperour hath his table by himselfe alone that -is made of golde and precious stones, or of white Crystal -or yelowe, bordred with golde, and eche one of his wyves -hath a table by hirselfe. And under the Emperours -table sitteth foure clerkes at his feete that wryteth all -that the Emperour sayth be it good or ylle. And at -great feastes about the Emperours table, and all other -tables in the hall is a vine made of gold that goeth all -about the hall, and it hath many braunches of grapes -lyke to grapes of the vine, some are white, some are -yelowe, some red, some grene, and some blacke, all the -red are of rubies of cremes<a id="footnotetagcplxvii6" name="footnotetagcplxvii6"></a><a href="#footnotecplxvii6"><sup>6</sup></a> or allabonce, the white are -of cristall or byrall,<a id="footnotetagcplxvii7" name="footnotetagcplxvii7"></a><a href="#footnotecplxvii7"><sup>7</sup></a> the yelowe are of topaces, the grene -are of Emeraudes & Crysolytes, and the blacke are of -Quickes and Gerandes, & this vyne is made thus of -precious stones so properly that it seemeth that it were -a vyne growinge. And before the borde of the Emperour -standeth great lordes and no man is so hardy to -speke unto hym, except it be musicians for to solace the -Emperour. And all the vessell that is served in his hall -or chambres, are of precious stones and namely at tables -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page162" id="page162"></a>[pg 162]</span> -where great lordes eate, that is to say, of Jasper, crystall, -amatyst, or fyne golde, and the cuppes are of -Emeraudes, saphyres, topaces, and many other maner of -stones; and (<i>of</i>) silver haue they no vessell, for they -praise silver but little to make vessell of, but they make -of silver greces, pylers & paviments of halles & chambres. -And ye shall understande that my felaw & I were in -wages with him xvi moneths against the Kinge of -Mancy,<a id="footnotetagcplxvii8" name="footnotetagcplxvii8"></a><a href="#footnotecplxvii8"><sup>8</sup></a> uppon whome he made warre, and the cause -was we had so great desire to see the nobilitye of his -court, if it were suche as we heard speake of, and -forsoth we founde it more richer & solempne than ever -we harde speake of, and we should neuer haue beleved -it, had we not seene it. But ye shall understande the -meat and drinke is more honest among us than it is in -those countreys, for all the comons eate upon skines of -beastes on theyr knees and eate but fleshe of all maner -of beastes, & when they haue all eate they wipe theyr -handes on their skirtes & they eate but once in the day -& eate but little bread but the maner of the lordes is -full noble and richly.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxvii1" name="footnotecplxvii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxvii1">1:</a> -Others call it Sugarmago or Eugarmago.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxvii2" name="footnotecplxvii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxvii2">2:</a> -<i>Pynson</i> says seven.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxvii3" name="footnotecplxvii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxvii3">3:</a> -This is a curious term, which can scarcely be translated. A French edition has <i>Mountaynette</i>, which <i>Cotgrave</i> says is a little -mountain. A Latin edition says <i>Ascensorium</i>.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxvii4" name="footnotecplxvii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxvii4">4:</a> -Serpents.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxvii5" name="footnotecplxvii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxvii5">5:</a> -Representation.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxvii6" name="footnotecplxvii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxvii6">6:</a> -I have up to the present failed in finding equivalents for these two words, also for Quickes (spelt in <i>Pynson</i> Onichez, which may -probably mean onyxes,) and Gerandes. This latter word is spelt in one MS. <i>Garantez</i>, and may mean garnet. Cotgrave gives -<i>Alabandique</i>, "a kinde of blacke stone mingled with purple."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxvii7" name="footnotecplxvii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxvii7">7:</a> -Beryl.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxvii8" name="footnotecplxvii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxvii8">8:</a> -<i>Marco Polo</i> gives a graphic description of the invasion and subjection of Manzi, or Southern China, in the year 1268, by -Kublai's great general <i>Bayan</i> (great or noble) <i>Hundred eyes</i>. If, therefore, there is any truth in Mandeville, he and his "felaw" -may have helped to put down an insurrection in the kingdom of Manzi.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/162-300.png"><img src="images/162-150.png" width="150" height="47" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page163" id="page163"></a>[pg 163]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXVIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Wherefore that the Emperour of Cathay is called the great -Caane.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND ye shall understande why he is called y<sup>e</sup> great -Caane, ye knowe y<sup>t</sup> all the worlde was destroied -with Noes floud but Noe his wife & children. Noe had -three sons, Sem, Cham & Japhet. Cham when he saw -his father naked when he slept, scorned him & therefore -he was cursed and Japhet covered him againe. These -three brethrene hadde all the land. Cham toke the best -parte eastward that is called Asia. Sem toke Afryke -and Japhet toke Europe. Cham was the mightiest and -richest of his bretherne and of him are come the Paynim -folke & divers maner of men of the yles, some headlesse, -and other men disfigured, and for this Cham the -Emperour there called him Cham and Lord of all. But -ye shall understande that the Emperour of Cathay is -called Caane, and not Cham, & for this cause, it is not -long ago that all Tartary was in subjection and thrall to -other nations about, and they were made herdemen to -kepe beastes, and among them was vii linages<a id="footnotetagcplxviii1" name="footnotetagcplxviii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxviii1"><sup>1</sup></a> or kindes, -the firste was called Tartary that is the best, the second -linage is called Tamghot,<a id="footnotetagcplxviii2" name="footnotetagcplxviii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxviii2"><sup>2</sup></a> -the third Furace,<a id="footnotetagcplxviii3" name="footnotetagcplxviii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxviii3"><sup>3</sup></a> the fourth -Valaire, the fifth Semoth,<a id="footnotetagcplxviii4" name="footnotetagcplxviii4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxviii4"><sup>4</sup></a> -the sixth Menchy,<a id="footnotetagcplxviii5" name="footnotetagcplxviii5"></a><a href="#footnotecplxviii5"><sup>5</sup></a> the seventh -Sobeth.<a id="footnotetagcplxviii6" name="footnotetagcplxviii6"></a><a href="#footnotecplxviii6"><sup>6</sup></a> These are all holding of the great Caane of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page164" id="page164"></a>[pg 164]</span> -Cathay. Now it befell so that the first linage was an -olde man & hee was not ryche and men called him -Chanius. This man lay and slept on a nighte in his -bedde, and there came to him a knighte, all white, sitting -uppon a white hors, and sayde to him, Caane slepeste -thou? God that is almighty sent me to thee, & it is -his will that thou saye to the vii linages y<sup>t</sup> thou shalt be -theyr Emperour, for ye shall conquere all the lande about -you, and they shall be in your subjection as you have bene -in theirs. And when morow came he rose up and sayde it -to the vii linages, and they scorned him and sayde he -was a fole, and the next night the same knighte came to -the vii linages and bad them of gods behalfe to make -Chanius their Emperour, and they shold be out of all -subjection. And on the morow they chose Chanius to -be Emperour, and dyd him all worship that they might -do, & called him Caane as the white knighte called him, -and they sayde they would doe as he badde them. Then -he made many statutes and lawes, the which he called -Ysakan.<a id="footnotetagcplxviii7" name="footnotetagcplxviii7"></a><a href="#footnotecplxviii7"><sup>7</sup></a> The firste statute was, that they shoulde be -obedient to God almyghtie, and beleve that he should -deliver them out of thraldome, and that they shoulde -call on him in all their workes. Another statute was, y<sup>t</sup> -all men that might beare armes shoulde be nombred, and -to eche x shoulde be a master, and to a hundred a master, -and to a thousand a master. Then he commaunded to -all the greatest and principallest of the vii linages, that -they should forsake all that they had in heritage or -lordship, and that they should hold them payed of that -he wold give them of his grace, and they did so. And -also he bad them y<sup>t</sup> eche man should bringe his eldest -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page165" id="page165"></a>[pg 165]</span> -sonne before him, and sleay his owne sonne with his owne -handes, and smyte of their heads, and as sone they did -his bidding. And when he saw they made no letting<a id="footnotetagcplxviii8" name="footnotetagcplxviii8"></a><a href="#footnotecplxviii8"><sup>8</sup></a> -of what he bad them, then bad he them folow his baner, -and then he put in subjection all the landes about him.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxviii1" name="footnotecplxviii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxviii1">1:</a> -People or tribes.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxviii2" name="footnotecplxviii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxviii2">2:</a> -Tangut, or Tanghút, is the name given to certain tribes of Thibetan extraction, who lived on the north-west frontier of China.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxviii3" name="footnotecplxviii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxviii3">3:</a> -Called variously Eurache, Semoche, Megly and Coboghe, whose relative positions can scarcely now be defined accurately.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxviii4" name="footnotecplxviii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxviii4">4:</a> -As Footnote 3.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxviii5" name="footnotecplxviii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxviii5">5:</a> -As Footnote 3.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxviii6" name="footnotecplxviii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxviii6">6:</a> -As Footnote 3.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxviii7" name="footnotecplxviii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxviii7">7:</a> -Others write it Ysya-Chan.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxviii8" name="footnotecplxviii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxviii8">8:</a> -Hindrance.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXIX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>How the great Caane was hid under a tree, and so escaped -his enimies bicause of a byrd.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND it befell on a day that the Caane rode with a -fewe men to see the lande that he had wonne, and -he met with a greate multitude of his enimies and there -he was caste downe of his horse, and his horse slayne, -and when his men saw him at y<sup>e</sup> earth<a id="footnotetagcplxix1" name="footnotetagcplxix1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxix1"><sup>1</sup></a> -they went<a id="footnotetagcplxix2" name="footnotetagcplxix2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxix2"><sup>2</sup></a> he -had been deade, and fledde, & the ennimies folowed after, -and when he sawe his ennimies were fer,<a id="footnotetagcplxix3" name="footnotetagcplxix3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxix3"><sup>3</sup></a> he hid him in -a bushe, for the wod was thicke there, and when they -were come againe from the chace, they went to seke -among the wood if any were hid there, and they founde -many, and as they came to the place where he was, they -saw a birde sitte uppon a tree, the which byrd men call -an Oule, and then sayd they, that there was no man, for -the birde sat there, and so went they away, and thus was -the Caane saved from death, & so he went awaye on a -night to his owne men, which were glad of his comming, -and from that time hitherwardes men of that countrey -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page166" id="page166"></a>[pg 166]</span> -haue that byrde in great reverence, and for that cause -they worship that byrd aboue all other birds of the -worlde. And incontinent he assembled all his men, rode -uppon his enimies and destroyed them, and when he had -won all the landes that were aboute him, he helde them -in subjection. And when the Caane had won all the -lordes to mounte Belyan, the white knighte came to him -in a vision againe, and said unto him, Caan the will of -God is, that thou passe the mounte Belyan, and thou -shalt win many landes, and for thou shalt find no passage, -go thou to mount Belian that is upon the sea side and -knele ix times thereon against the east in the worship of -God, & he shall shew thee a way how thou shalt passe, -and Caan did so, & anon the sea that touched the hil, -withdrew him, & shewed him a faire way of ix foote -brode betwene the hill and the sea, & so he passed right -wel with al his men, & then he wan the land of Cathay -that is the best land and the greatest of all the worlde, -and for those ix knelings and the ix foote of way, Caane -and the men of Tartary have the number of ix in great -worship.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxix1" name="footnotecplxix1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxix1">1:</a> -On the ground.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxix2" name="footnotecplxix2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxix2">2:</a> -Weened—supposed, imagined.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxix3" name="footnotecplxix3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxix3">3:</a> -Far away.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the great Caanes letters and the wryting about his -seale.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">N</span>OW when he had wonne the lande of Cathay he -dyed, and then raigned after Cythoco<a id="footnotetagcplxx1" name="footnotetagcplxx1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxx1"><sup>1</sup></a> the eldest -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page167" id="page167"></a>[pg 167]</span> -sonne of Caane, & his other brothers went to winne them -landes in other countreys, and they wan the land of -Pruisse, and of Russy & they dyd cal themselfe Caane, -but he of Cathay is the greatest lorde of all the worlde -and so he called him in his letters and sayth thus, <i>Caane -filius dei excelsi, universam terram coulentium summus -imperator, & dominus dominantium</i> That is to say, Caane -Gods son, Emperour of all those that tyll all the lande, -and Lorde of all lordes. And the writing about his -great seale is, <i>Deus in celo & Caane super terram ejus fortitudo -omnium hominum imperatoris sigillum</i> That is to -say, God in heaven, Caan uppon earth, his strength the -seale of the Emperor of all men. And the wryting -about his privy seale is, <i>Dei fortitudo omnium hominum -imperatoris sigillum</i> That is to say, The strength of -God, seale of the Emperour of all men. And if it be -so that they be not christen, yet the Emperour and the -Tartarins beleve in God Almightie.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecplxx1" name="footnotecplxx1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxx1">1:</a> -In other editions Ecchecha. In reality, Ok-lar-Khan, who succeeded his father in 1229, and reigned over the Tartars till 1241.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the governaunce of the countrey of the great Caane.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">N</span>OW haue I tolde you why he is called the great -Caane, now shall I tell you of the governinge of -his courte when they make great feastes, and he kepeth -foure principall feastes in the yeare, the fyrste of his -byrth, the seconde when he is borne to the Temple to be -circumcised, the third is of his ydoles when they begin -to speake, and the fourth when the ydole beginneth fyrst -to do myracles, & at those tymes he hath men well -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page168" id="page168"></a>[pg 168]</span> -arayed by thousands and by hundreds and eche one -wote well what he shal do. For there is fyrst ordeined -4000 rich barons and mighty for to ordeine the feast & -to serve the Emperour & all these barons haue crowns -of gold well dight with precious stones and pearles, -and they are clad in clothes of golde & camathas<a id="footnotetagcplxxi1" name="footnotetagcplxxi1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxi1"><sup>1</sup></a> as -richly as they may bee made & they may well have -suche clothes for they are there of lesse pryce than -wollen cloth is here. And these foure thousande barons -are departed in foure parties, & eche company is clad in -diverse colour ryght richely, and when the first thousand -is passed and hath shewed them, then come the seconde -thousande, and then the thirde thousande & then the -fourth, and none of them speketh a word. And on the -one side of the Emperours table sitteth many phylosophers -of many sciences, some of Astronomie, Nygromancie<a id="footnotetagcplxxi2" name="footnotetagcplxxi2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxi2"><sup>2</sup></a>, -Geometry, Pyromacy,<a id="footnotetagcplxxi3" name="footnotetagcplxxi3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxi3"><sup>3</sup></a> & many other sciences, -and some haue before them Astrolabes<a id="footnotetagcplxxi4" name="footnotetagcplxxi4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxi4"><sup>4</sup></a> of golde or of -precious stones full of sande or of coles brenning, some -haue horologes<a id="footnotetagcplxxi5" name="footnotetagcplxxi5"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxi5"><sup>5</sup></a> well dight and richly, and many other -instruments after their sciences. And at a certaine -houre when they see time, they say to men that stand -before them, make peace, and then saye those men with -a loude voyce to all the hall, now be styll awhile, and -then saith one of the philosophers, eche man make -reverence and encline to the Emperour, that is Gods -sonne, and lorde of the worlde, for now is time and -houre, and then all men enclyne to him, and knele on -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page169" id="page169"></a>[pg 169]</span> -the earth, and then the Phylosopher biddeth them rise -up againe. And at another houre another philosopher -biddeth them put their fingers in theyr eares and they -do so, and at another houre another philosopher biddeth -that all men shall laye their hande on their heads, and -they do so, and then he biddeth them take them away and -they doe so, and thus from houre to houre they bid divers -thinges. And I asked privily what it shoulde meane and -one of the masters said that the enclining and the -kneling on the earth at that time hath this token, that -all those men that kneled so shall evermore be true to -the Emperour, that for no gift nor thretning they shal -never be traitours nor false to him and the putting of -the finger in the eare hath this token, that none of those -shall here any yll spoken of the Emperour or his counsayll. -And ye shall understande that men dight nothing, -as clothes, bread, drinke nor no such things to the -Emperour but at certaine hours that the Philosophers -tell, and if any man reyse war against the Emperour in -what countrey so ever it bee these Philosophers know it -sone, & tell y<sup>e</sup> Emperour or his counsail and he sendeth -men thether, for he hath many men. Also he hath many -men that kepeth birdes, as gerfaukons<a id="footnotetagcplxxi6" name="footnotetagcplxxi6"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxi6"><sup>6</sup></a>, -sperhaukes,<a id="footnotetagcplxxi7" name="footnotetagcplxxi7"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxi7"><sup>7</sup></a> -faucons,<a id="footnotetagcplxxi8" name="footnotetagcplxxi8"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxi8"><sup>8</sup></a> -gentils,<a id="footnotetagcplxxi9" name="footnotetagcplxxi9"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxi9"><sup>9</sup></a> -lavers, sacres,<a id="footnotetagcplxxi10" name="footnotetagcplxxi10"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxi10"><sup>10</sup></a> -popyniaye<a id="footnotetagcplxxi11" name="footnotetagcplxxi11"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxi11"><sup>11</sup></a> that can -speake, and many other, ten thousande olyphants, -baboynes, marmosets and other and he hath ever aboute -him many Physicions more than two hundred that are -Christen men & xx sarasyns, but yet he trusteth more -to Christen men than in Sarasyns. And there is in that -countrey many Sarasins and other Servaunts that are -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page170" id="page170"></a>[pg 170]</span> -Christen and converted to the faith, through preching of -good Christen men that dwel there, but there are many -that will not that men<a id="footnotetagcplxxi12" name="footnotetagcplxxi12"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxi12"><sup>12</sup></a> wete that they are Christen.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxi1" name="footnotecplxxi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxi1">1:</a> -A rich silken or thread stuff.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxi2" name="footnotecplxxi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxi2">2:</a> -Necromancy, or foretelling events by pretended communion with the dead.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxi3" name="footnotecplxxi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxi3">3:</a> -Divination by fire.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxi4" name="footnotecplxxi4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxi4">4:</a> -An astronomical instrument.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxi5" name="footnotecplxxi5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxi5">5:</a> -Timepieces.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxi6" name="footnotecplxxi6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxi6">6:</a> -Girfalcons.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxi7" name="footnotecplxxi7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxi7">7:</a> -Sparrowhawks.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxi8" name="footnotecplxxi8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxi8">8:</a> -Falcons.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxi9" name="footnotecplxxi9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxi9">9:</a> -Gentles.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxi10" name="footnotecplxxi10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxi10">10:</a> -Sakers or Peregrine hawks.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxi11" name="footnotecplxxi11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxi11">11:</a> -Parrots.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxi12" name="footnotecplxxi12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxi12">12:</a> -Will not let men know.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the great ryches of the Emperour and of his -dispending.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HIS Emperour is a great lorde, for he may dispend -what he will without nombre, bicause he -spendeth nother sylver nor golde & maketh no money -but of lether or skynnes, and this same money goeth -through all his lande, and of the sylver & gold buylded -he his palaces. And he hath in his chambre a piller of -golde in the which is a Ruby, and carbuncle of a foote<a id="footnotetagcplxxii1" name="footnotetagcplxxii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxii1"><sup>1</sup></a> -long, the which lighteth all his chambre by night & he -hath many other precious stones & rubies, but this is -the most.<a id="footnotetagcplxxii2" name="footnotetagcplxxii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxii2"><sup>2</sup></a> This Emperour dwelleth in the sommer -towardes the North in a citie that men call Saydus and -there it is colde enoughe, and in the winter he dwelleth -in a citie that men call Camalach, and there it is right -hot, but for the most part is he at Cadon, that is not -farre thence.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxii1" name="footnotecplxxii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxii1">1:</a> -Others say half a foot. There were always rumours in the East of wonderful rubies, especially one belonging to the King of -Ceylon, which Kublai Khan is reported to have coveted, and wished to purchase.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxii2" name="footnotecplxxii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxii2">2:</a> -The greatest.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page171" id="page171"></a>[pg 171]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the ordynaunce of the lordes of the Emperour when he -rideth from one countrey to another to warre.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND when this great Caane shall ryde from one -countrey to another they ordeyne foure hostes of -people, of which the fyrst goeth before a daies journey; -for that hoste lyeth at even where the Emperour shall -lye on the morow, and there is plenty of vitailes. And -another host commeth at the right side of hym and an -other at the left side, and in eche hoste is muche folke. -And then commeth the fourth hoste behind hym a bowe -draught, and there is more men in that than in any of -the other. And ye shall understande that the Emperour -rideth on no horse, but when hee will go to any seacrete -place with a privy meyny<a id="footnotetagcplxxiii1" name="footnotetagcplxxiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> where he will not be knowne, -but he rideth in a chariot with four wheles & there uppon -is a chamber made of a tree that men call <i>Lignum aloes</i> -that commeth out of Paradise terrestre, & that chamber -is covered with plates of fyne gold, and precious stones -and perles, and foure Olyfants & foure Oxen all white go -therein, and five or sixe great lordes ride about him, so -that none other men shal come nigh him, except the -Emperour call any, and in the same manner with a -chariot & such hostes rideth the Empres by another side, -and the Emperours eldest sonne in that same aray, and -they haue so much people that it is a great marvaile for -to see.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecplxxiii1" name="footnotecplxxiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxiii1">1:</a> -Private retinue.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page172" id="page172"></a>[pg 172]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXIIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1a"><span class="outdent"><i>How the empyre of the great Caane is -departed</i></span><a id="footnotetagcplxxiiii1" name="footnotetagcplxxiiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxiiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> <i>into xii -provinces & how that they do cast ensence in the fyre -where the great Caane passeth through the cities & townes -in worship of the Emperour.</i> -</p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HE land of the great Caane is departed in xii -provinces, and euery province hath more than two -thousande cities and townes. And when the Emperour -rideth through the countrey, & he passeth through cities -& townes, eche man maketh a fyre before his house, & -caste therein ensence & other things that giue good -smell to the Emperour. And if any man of relygion -that are Christen men dwel nere as the Emperour -cometh they mete him with procession, with crosse and -holye water, and they singe, <i>Veni creator spiritus</i> with a -loude voyce, and when he seeth them comming he commaundeth -the lordes that they ride nere to him to make -way that the religious men may come to him, and when -he seeth the crosse, he doeth<a id="footnotetagcplxxiiii2" name="footnotetagcplxxiiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxiiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> of his hat that is made of -precious stones and greate perles, & that hat is so riche -that it is marvaile to tel, and then he enclineth to the -crosse, & the prelate of the religious men sayth orisons -before him and giveth him the benison<a id="footnotetagcplxxiiii3" name="footnotetagcplxxiiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxiiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> with the crosse, -and he enclineth to the benison ful devoutly, and then -the prelate giveth him some fruite to the number of ix -in a platter of gold,<a id="footnotetagcplxxiiii4" name="footnotetagcplxxiiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxiiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> peares or apples or other fruite, & -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page173" id="page173"></a>[pg 173]</span> -then the Emperour taketh one thereof and the other he -giveth to his lordes, for the maner is such there, that no -strange man shall come before the Emperour but he -giue him somewhat, after the olde law that sayth, <i>Non -accedat in conspectu meo manis</i><a id="footnotetagcplxxiiii5" name="footnotetagcplxxiiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxiiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> That is to say, No man -come into my sight idle. And then y<sup>e</sup> Emperour biddeth -these religious men that they shall goe forth, so -that the men of his hoste defyle them not, and those -relygious men that dwell where the Empresse or the -Emperours sonne cometh, they do in the same maner.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxiiii1" name="footnotecplxxiiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxiiii1">1:</a> -Partitioned.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxiiii2" name="footnotecplxxiiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxiiii2">2:</a> -Taketh off.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxiiii3" name="footnotecplxxiiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxiiii3">3:</a> -Blessing.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxiiii4" name="footnotecplxxiiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxiiii4">4:</a> -Others say silver.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxiiii5" name="footnotecplxxiiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxiiii5">5:</a> -Misprint for <i>vacuus</i>, empty-handed.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXV.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>How the great Caan is the mightiest lord of all the -worlde.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HIS great Caane is the myghtiest lorde of the -worlde, for prester<a id="footnotetagcplxxv1" name="footnotetagcplxxv1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxv1"><sup>1</sup></a> John is not so great a lorde as -he, nor the Sowdan of Babilon, ne y<sup>e</sup> Emperour of Percy. -In this lande a man hath a hundred wives & some xi,<a id="footnotetagcplxxv2" name="footnotetagcplxxv2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxv2"><sup>2</sup></a> -some more some lesse, & they take of their kin to wives, -all saue their sisters, their mothers & daughters and they -take also wel theyr stepmother if their father be dead, -and men & women haue all one maner of clothing, so -that they may not bee knowne, but y<sup>t</sup> women that are -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page174" id="page174"></a>[pg 174]</span> -wedded beare a token on theyr heads, & they dwell not -with their housbandes, but he may lye by which he will. -They have plenty of all maner of beastes save swine, -and forsoth they wyll (<i>have</i>) none, and they beleve well -in God that made all thing, & yet have they ydoles of -golde and sylver, and to those Idols they offer theyr fyrst -mylke of beastes.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxv1" name="footnotecplxxv1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxv1">1:</a> -In the 12th and 13th centuries there was a firm belief that ruling over a vast population in the far East was a most wealthy -and powerful monarch of that name, who claimed to be descended from one of the three kings who adored the infant Christ.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxv2" name="footnotecplxxv2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxv2">2:</a> -Others say 60.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXVI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of other maners of this countrey.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HIS Emperour the great Caane hath three wives, -and the principall wife was Prester Johns daughter. -And the people of this countrey begin to doe all theyr -thinges in the newe Moone, and they worshippe muche -the Sonne and the Moone, those men ryde commonly -without spoores, & they holde it a great sinne to breake -one bone<a id="footnotetagcplxxvi1" name="footnotetagcplxxvi1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxvi1"><sup>1</sup></a> with another, and to spyll mylke on the -grounde, or any other lycour y<sup>t</sup> men may drinke.<a id="footnotetagcplxxvi2" name="footnotetagcplxxvi2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxvi2"><sup>2</sup></a> And -when they haue eaten they wipe their handes uppon -theyr skyrts, for they haue no table clothes except it be -right great lordes, and when they haue all eaten they -put their dishes or platters not washed in the pot or -cauldron with flesh that is left when they haue eaten, -until they will eate another time, & rich men drink milke -of mares, of asses, or other beastes, and other beverage that -is made of milke and water togither, for they haue neither -beere nor wine. And when they go to warre, they warre -full wysely, and eche man of them bereth two or three -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page175" id="page175"></a>[pg 175]</span> -bowes and many arowes and a great hatchet, gentilmen -haue short swords,<a id="footnotetagcplxxvi3" name="footnotetagcplxxvi3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxvi3"><sup>3</sup></a> and he that flyeth in batayle they -sleay him, & they are ever in purpose to bring all the -land in subjection to them, for they say prophecies say -that they shall be overcome by shot of archers, and that -they shall turne them to their law, but they wot not -what men they shall be, and it is great peril to pursue -the Tartaries when they flee, for they will shoot behinde -and slea men as well as before, and they have small -eyen<a id="footnotetagcplxxvi4" name="footnotetagcplxxvi4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxvi4"><sup>4</sup></a> as little birdes, and they are commonly false for -they holde not their promise. And when a man shal -die among them, they stick a speare in the earth beside -him, and when he draweth to the death, they go out of -the house till he dead, and then they put him in the -earth in the fielde.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxvi1" name="footnotecplxxvi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxvi1">1:</a> -A bone.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxvi2" name="footnotecplxxvi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxvi2">2:</a> -A passage is here omitted.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxvi3" name="footnotecplxxvi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxvi3">3:</a> -Other editions say spears.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxvi4" name="footnotecplxxvi4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxvi4">4:</a> -Eyes.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXVII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>How the Emperour is brought unto his grave when he is -dead.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND when the Emperour is dead, they set him into -a carte<a id="footnotetagcplxxvii1" name="footnotetagcplxxvii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxvii1"><sup>1</sup></a> in the middes of his tente, and they set -before him a table covered with a cloth, & there upon -they set flesh and other meat & a cup full of milke of a -mare, and they set a mare with a colte by him, & a -horse sadled & bridled, and they lay upon the horse -golde & silver, and all about him they make a greate -grave, and with all the things they put him therein, as -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page176" id="page176"></a>[pg 176]</span> -the tente, hors, golde & silver, and all that is aboute him -& they say, when he cometh in to another worlde he -shall not be without an house, nor hors, ne silver nor -gold, and the mare shall give him milke & bringe forth -more horses till he be well stored in the other worlde, & -one of his chamberlaines or servants is put with him in -the earth for to doe him service in the other worlde, for -they belieue that when hee is dead he shall go to another -world, and be a greater lord there than here; & when -that he is laid in the earth no man shal be so hardy<a id="footnotetagcplxxvii2" name="footnotetagcplxxvii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxvii2"><sup>2</sup></a> for -to speake of him before his frendes.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxvii1" name="footnotecplxxvii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxvii1">1:</a> -Other editions say a chair.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxvii2" name="footnotecplxxvii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxvii2">2:</a> -<i>I.e.</i>, his name is never mentioned.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXVIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>When the Emperour is dead how they chose and make an -other.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND then when the Emperour is dead the seaven -linages gather them togither, and they touch his -son or the next of his blood, & they say thus, We wyll, -and we ordeyne, and we pray thee that thou wilt be our -lord & Emperour, and he enquireth of them and sayth, -if ye will that I raigne upon you, then must ye doe all -that I bidde you to doe. And if he bid that any shal -be slaine, he shal be slaine, & they aunswere all with one -voyce, y<sup>t</sup> ye bid shall be done. Then saith ye Emperour, -fro henceforth, my word shal cut as my sword, and then -they set him in a chaire, & crowne him, & then all the -good townes thereabout send to him presents, so much -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page177" id="page177"></a>[pg 177]</span> -that he shall haue more than a C Camelles<a id="footnotetagcplxxviii1" name="footnotetagcplxxviii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxviii1"><sup>1</sup></a> laden with -gold and silver, beside other Jewels y<sup>t</sup> he shall haue of -lords, of precious stones & gold without number & -horse, & riche clothes of Camacas<a id="footnotetagcplxxviii2" name="footnotetagcplxxviii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxviii2"><sup>2</sup></a> -and Tarins,<a id="footnotetagcplxxviii3" name="footnotetagcplxxviii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxviii3"><sup>3</sup></a> & such -other.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxviii1" name="footnotecplxxviii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxviii1">1:</a> -Other editions say 60 chariots.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxviii2" name="footnotecplxxviii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxviii2">2:</a> -See footnote, <i>ante</i>, p. <a href="#page168">168</a><sup>1</sup>.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxviii3" name="footnotecplxxviii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxviii3">3:</a> -Tartarins, a kind of silken fabric.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXIX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>What countreys and kingdomes lye next to the land of -Cathay and the frontes thereof.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HIS lande of Cathay is in Asia the depe,<a id="footnotetagcplxxix1" name="footnotetagcplxxix1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix1"><sup>1</sup></a> -and this same lande marcheth toward the west upon the -kingdome of Sercy,<a id="footnotetagcplxxix2" name="footnotetagcplxxix2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix2"><sup>2</sup></a> the which was sometyme to one of -the three kings that went to seke our Lord in Bethlem -and all those that come of his kin are christen men. -These men of Tartary drinke no wine. In y<sup>e</sup> land of -Corosaym,<a id="footnotetagcplxxix3" name="footnotetagcplxxix3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix3"><sup>3</sup></a> y<sup>t</sup> is at the north side of Cathay is right -great plenty of goods, but no wine, the which hath at -the east side a great wildernesse, that lasteth more than -an hundred journeys, and the best citie of that land is -called Corasaym, & after the name of that citie is the -lande called after, and men of this lande are good warriors -and hardy, and thereby is the Kingedome of -Comayne, this is the most & the greatest kingedome of -the world, but it is not all inhabited, for in one place of the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page178" id="page178"></a>[pg 178]</span> -lande is so great cold, that no man may dwel ther for -colde, and in an other place is so great heat, that no man -may dwell there, & there are so many faithes<a id="footnotetagcplxxix4" name="footnotetagcplxxix4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix4"><sup>4</sup></a> that a -man wot not on what side hee may turne him, & in this -lande are fewe trees bering fruite. In thys lande men ly -in tentes, and they burne donge<a id="footnotetagcplxxix5" name="footnotetagcplxxix5"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix5"><sup>5</sup></a> of beastes for defaut of -wood. This lande descendeth toward Pruse & Rossy & -through this land runneth the river Echell,<a id="footnotetagcplxxix6" name="footnotetagcplxxix6"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix6"><sup>6</sup></a> that is one -of the greatest rivers in y<sup>e</sup> world & it is frosen so hard -euery yeare that men fight thereupon in great battayles -on horse and footemen more than a C.M<a id="footnotetagcplxxix7" name="footnotetagcplxxix7"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix7"><sup>7</sup></a> at once. And -a lyttle from y<sup>e</sup> river is the great sea of Occyan, that -they cal Maure<a id="footnotetagcplxxix8" name="footnotetagcplxxix8"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix8"><sup>8</sup></a> -and betwene this Maure & Caspy<a id="footnotetagcplxxix9" name="footnotetagcplxxix9"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix9"><sup>9</sup></a> is a -full straight passage to go towarde Inde and therefore -King Alexander did make there a citie y<sup>t</sup> men call -Alexander, for to kepe that passage, so that no man -may passe but if he haue leave, & now is that citie called -Port de fear,<a id="footnotetagcplxxix10" name="footnotetagcplxxix10"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix10"><sup>10</sup></a> and the principall citie of Comayne is -called Sarachis,<a id="footnotetagcplxxix11" name="footnotetagcplxxix11"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix11"><sup>11</sup></a> this is one of the thre ways to go to -Inde, but through this way may not many men go but if -it be in winter, & this passage is called Berbent.<a id="footnotetagcplxxix12" name="footnotetagcplxxix12"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix12"><sup>12</sup></a> And -another way is to go from y<sup>e</sup> land of Turkescon<a id="footnotetagcplxxix13" name="footnotetagcplxxix13"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix13"><sup>13</sup></a> through -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page179" id="page179"></a>[pg 179]</span> -Percy, & in this way are many journeys in wildernesse. -And y<sup>e</sup> third way is that cometh from Cosmane & goeth -through y<sup>e</sup> great citie & through y<sup>e</sup> Kingedome of -Abachare.<a id="footnotetagcplxxix14" name="footnotetagcplxxix14"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxix14"><sup>14</sup></a> And ye shall understand y<sup>t</sup> all these kingedomes -& lords unto Percy are holden of y<sup>e</sup> great Caan -& many other & therefore he is a great lorde of men & -of lande.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxix1" name="footnotecplxxix1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix1">1:</a> -Lower Asia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxix2" name="footnotecplxxix2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix2">2:</a> -Others write it Tharse.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxix3" name="footnotecplxxix3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix3">3:</a> -? Khorassan.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxix4" name="footnotecplxxix4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix4">4:</a> -A misprint for flies.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxix5" name="footnotecplxxix5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix5">5:</a> -The usual fuel in an unwooded Asiatic country.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxix6" name="footnotecplxxix6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix6">6:</a> -Volga.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxix7" name="footnotecplxxix7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix7">7:</a> -Others say 200,000.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxix8" name="footnotecplxxix8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix8">8:</a> -The Black Sea.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxix9" name="footnotecplxxix9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix9">9:</a> -The Caspian Sea.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxix10" name="footnotecplxxix10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix10">10:</a> -Port de Fer, or Iron Gate. Other editions have it "Gate of -Hell."</p> - -<p class="footnote1d"><a id="footnotecplxxix11" name="footnotecplxxix11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix11">11:</a> -Sarai, or Sara, on the Volga. Chaucer, in "Cambuscan," -speaks of it thus:—</p> - -<div class="poem1 width21"><div class="stanza"> - <p>"At <i>Sarra</i> in the Londe of Tartarie</p> - <p>There dwelt a King that werriëd Russie."</p> -</div></div> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxix12" name="footnotecplxxix12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix12">12:</a> -The Pass of Derbend, still called in Turkish <i>Demir Kapi</i>, or -the Iron Gate.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxix13" name="footnotecplxxix13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix13">13:</a> -Turkestan.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxix14" name="footnotecplxxix14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxix14">14:</a> -Variously written Abcaz or Abkhas.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of other wayes comming from Cathay toward the Grekes -sea & also of the emperour of Percy.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">N</span>OW I haue devysed you the landes towardes the -North, to come from the lands of Cathay to the -lands of Pruse & Rossy where Christen men dwel. -Now shall I devise unto you other lands & kingdoms, -in comming down from Cathay to the Grekes -sea wher Christen men dwell, and for as muche as -next the great Caane of Cathay the Emperour of -Percy is the greatest lorde, therefore I shall speake -of him, & ye shall understande that he hath two kingdomes, -the one beginneth eastward and it is the kingdome -of Turkescon & it lasteth westward to the sea of -Caspy & southward to the lande of Inde. This lande -is good & playne and well manned,<a id="footnotetagcplxxx1" name="footnotetagcplxxx1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxx1"><sup>1</sup></a> with good cities but -two most principal, ye which are called Bacirida & -Sormagaunt.<a id="footnotetagcplxxx2" name="footnotetagcplxxx2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxx2"><sup>2</sup></a> The other is the kingedome of Percy, and -lasteth from the river of Phison<a id="footnotetagcplxxx3" name="footnotetagcplxxx3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxx3"><sup>3</sup></a> -unto great Armony,<a id="footnotetagcplxxx4" name="footnotetagcplxxx4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxx4"><sup>4</sup></a> & -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page180" id="page180"></a>[pg 180]</span> -northward unto the sea of Caspy & southward to the -land of Inde & this is a full plenteous countrey and good. -In this lande are three principall cities Nessabor, Saphan, -& Sermesse.<a id="footnotetagcplxxx5" name="footnotetagcplxxx5"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxx5"><sup>5</sup></a></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxx1" name="footnotecplxxx1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxx1">1:</a> -Peopled.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxx2" name="footnotecplxxx2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxx2">2:</a> -Bokhara and Samarcand.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxx3" name="footnotecplxxx3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxx3">3:</a> -Pison.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxx4" name="footnotecplxxx4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxx4">4:</a> -Armenia</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxx5" name="footnotecplxxx5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxx5">5:</a> -Otherwise spelt Messabor, Caphon, and Sarmassane.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXXI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the lande of Armony, which is a good land & of the -lande of Middy.</i><a id="footnotetagcplxxxi1" name="footnotetagcplxxxi1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxi1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HEN is the lande of Armony, in the which was -sometime three kingdomes, this is a good land and -a plentious, & it beginneth at Percy, & lasteth westward -to Turkey of length, and in breadth lasteth from the -citie of Alexander (that is now called Port de fear) unto -the lande of Myddy. In this Armony are many fayre -cities, but Cauryssy<a id="footnotetagcplxxxi2" name="footnotetagcplxxxi2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxi2"><sup>2</sup></a> is most of name. Then is the land -of Myddy, and it is full long and not brode & beginneth -eastward at the land of Percy, & Inde the lesse, and -lasteth westward to the kingdome of Calde,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxi3" name="footnotetagcplxxxi3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxi3"><sup>3</sup></a> & northward -to little Armony. In this Myddy are many great -hyls, & little (<i>of</i>) plaines & ther dwel Sarasins & other -maner of men, that men call Cordines.<a id="footnotetagcplxxxi4" name="footnotetagcplxxxi4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxi4"><sup>4</sup></a></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxxi1" name="footnotecplxxxi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxi1">1:</a> -Media.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxi2" name="footnotecplxxxi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxi2">2:</a> -Other editions have it Taurizo—in all probability the modern <i>Tabriz</i> is meant.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxi3" name="footnotecplxxxi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxi3">3:</a> -Chaldæa.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxxi4" name="footnotecplxxxi4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxi4">4:</a> -Kurds.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page181" id="page181"></a>[pg 181]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXXII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the Kingdome of George & Abcan, and many -marvayles.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HEN next is the kingdome of George,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxii1" name="footnotetagcplxxxii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxii1"><sup>1</sup></a> -that beginneth eastward at a great hil that men call Abiorz,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxii2" name="footnotetagcplxxxii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxii2"><sup>2</sup></a> -this land lasteth to Turkey to the great sea, & to the -land of Myddy, and great Armony & in this land are -two kynges, one of Abcan, and another of George but -he of George is in subjection of the great Caane, but he -of Abcan hath a strong countrey, and defendeth him -well against his enimies, & in this land of Abcan is -a great marvaile, for there is a countrey in this land that -is nere III dayes long and about, & is called Hanison, -and that countrey is all covered with darknesse, so that -it hath no light that no man may see there, and no man -dare go into that countrey for darkenes. And neverthelesse -men of that countrey thereby say that they may -sometime heare therein the voyce of man and horse -crying, and cocks crow, and they know wel that men -dwel there, but they know not what maner of men, and -they saye this darknesse came through miracle of God -that he dyd for Christen men there. For there was a -wicked Emperour y<sup>t</sup> was of Poy<a id="footnotetagcplxxxii3" name="footnotetagcplxxxii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxii3"><sup>3</sup></a> & was called Saures, -& he pursued sometime all Christen men to destroy them, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page182" id="page182"></a>[pg 182]</span> -and did make them do sacrifice to their false gods, & in -that countrey dwelled many Christen men y<sup>e</sup> which left -al their goods & catel, and riches, and wold go to Grece, -and when they were all in a great plain y<sup>t</sup> is called -Megon the Emperour and his men came to sley the -Christen men, & then the christen men kneled down & -prayed to God, and anon came a thick cloude and covered -the Emperour and al his host, so that he might not go -away, and so dweled they in darkness, and they neuer -came out after, and y<sup>e</sup> Christen men went there as they -would, and therefore they might say thus, <i>A domino -factum est istud, & est mirabile in oculis nostris</i>, that is to -say, of our Lord is this done, & it is wonderful in our -eyes. Out of this lande cometh a river y<sup>t</sup> men may se -by good tokens y<sup>t</sup> men dwel therein.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxxii1" name="footnotecplxxxii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxii1">1:</a> -Georgia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxii2" name="footnotecplxxxii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxii2">2:</a> -Probably Mount Elburz, one of the Caucasian range.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxxii3" name="footnotecplxxxii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxii3">3:</a> -Misprint for Persia.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXXIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the land of the land of Turky & divers other countreys -and of the land of Mesopotamy.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HEN next is the land of Turky, that marcheth to -Great Armony and therein are many countreys as -Capadoce, Saure,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiii1" name="footnotetagcplxxxiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> Bryke, Quecion, Patan & Genethe, in -eche one of the countreys are many good cities, and it -is a plaine land, & few hills and few rivers, and then is -the kingdome of Mesopotamy that beginneth eastwarde -at flom of Tygre<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiii2" name="footnotetagcplxxxiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> -at a citie that men call Mosell,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiii3" name="footnotetagcplxxxiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> and -it lasteth westwarde to the flom of Euphraten, to a citie -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page183" id="page183"></a>[pg 183]</span> -that men call Rochaym<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiii4" name="footnotetagcplxxxiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> & westwarde from high Armony -unto the wildernesse of Inde the lesse, and it is a good -land and playne, but there is few rivers, and there is but -two hils in that lande, the one is called Simar, and the -other Lison, & it marcheth unto the lande of Caldee, -and ye shall understande that the land of Ethyope -marcheth eastward to the great wildernesse westwarde -to the land of Nuby,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiii5" name="footnotetagcplxxxiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> southwarde to the lande of -Maratan<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiii6" name="footnotetagcplxxxiii6"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiii6"><sup>6</sup></a> and northward to the redde sea & then is the -Maritan that lasteth from the hilles of Ethiope unto -Liby,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiii7" name="footnotetagcplxxxiii7"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiii7"><sup>7</sup></a> the high, and the low that lasteth to the great sea -of Spayne.<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiii8" name="footnotetagcplxxxiii8"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiii8"><sup>8</sup></a></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxxiii1" name="footnotecplxxxiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiii1">1:</a> -Otherwise written Brique, Quesiton, Pytan, and Cemethe.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiii2" name="footnotecplxxxiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiii2">2:</a> -The river Tigris.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiii3" name="footnotecplxxxiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiii3">3:</a> -Mosul.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiii4" name="footnotecplxxxiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiii4">4:</a> -Otherwise Roiantz.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiii5" name="footnotecplxxxiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiii5">5:</a> -Nubia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiii6" name="footnotecplxxxiii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiii6">6:</a> -Mauritania.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiii7" name="footnotecplxxxiii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiii7">7:</a> -Lybia.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxxiii8" name="footnotecplxxxiii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiii8">8:</a> -The Mediterranean.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXXIIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of divers countreys kingedomes & yles, and marvayles -beyond the land of Cathay.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">N</span>OW haue I sayd and spoken of many things on -this side of the great Kingedome of Cathay, of -whome many are obeysant<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiiii1" name="footnotetagcplxxxiiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> to the great Caane. Now -shall I tell of some landes, countreys & yles that -are beyond the lande of Cathay. Whoso goeth from -Cathay to Inde the high and the low, he shal go through -a kingdome that men call Cadissen<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiiii2" name="footnotetagcplxxxiiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> & it is a great lande, -there groweth a maner of fruite as it were gourdes, & -when it is ripe men cut it a sonder, and men fynde -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page184" id="page184"></a>[pg 184]</span> -therein a beast as it were of fleshe and bone and bloud, -as it were a lyttle lambe without wolle, and men eate -the beast & fruite also, and sure it semeth very strange. -Neverthelesse I sayd to them that I held y<sup>t</sup> for no marvayle, -for I sayd that in my countrey are trees y<sup>t</sup> beare -fruit y<sup>t</sup> become byrds flying, and they are good to eate, -& that that falleth on the water liveth & that that falleth -on earth dyeth, & they marvailed much thereat. In -this countrey & many other thereabout are trees that -beareth cloves, & nutmigs and canel<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiiii3" name="footnotetagcplxxxiiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> and many other -spyces, & there be vines that beare so great grapes that -a strong man shall enough to beare a cluster of grapes. -In that same lande are the hils of Caspy that men cal -Uber & amonge those hilles are the Jewes of the x -kindes<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiiii4" name="footnotetagcplxxxiiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> enclosed therein, that men call Gog & Magog & -they may not come out on no syde. There were inclosed -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page185" id="page185"></a>[pg 185]</span> -xxii kynges with theyr folke that dwelled betwene y<sup>e</sup> -hills of Syche,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiiii5" name="footnotetagcplxxxiiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> and King Alexander chased them thither -among those hilles, for hee trusting for to haue enclosed -them there through the working of men, but he might -not, and when he saw he might not, he prayed to God -that he woulde fulfyll that which hee had begun. God -heard his prayer and enclosed the hilles all about them -but<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiiii6" name="footnotetagcplxxxiiii6"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiiii6"><sup>6</sup></a> at the one side, and there is the sea of Caspy. -Here some men mighte aske, there is a sea on one side, -why go they not out there, for thereto aunswered I that -all if it be called a sea, it is not a sea, but a stange<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiiii7" name="footnotetagcplxxxiiii7"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiiii7"><sup>7</sup></a> -standing among hyls, and it is the greatest stange of all -the world, and all if they went over the sea, they wot -not wher to arive, for they can no speach<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiiii8" name="footnotetagcplxxxiiii8"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiiii8"><sup>8</sup></a> but their own. -And ye shall understand that the Jewes haue no law<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiiii9" name="footnotetagcplxxxiiii9"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiiii9"><sup>9</sup></a> of -their owne in all the world, but they dwell in those hils, -and yet they pay tribute for their land to the quene of -Armony<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiiii10" name="footnotetagcplxxxiiii10"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiiii10"><sup>10</sup></a> & sometime it is so that some of the Jewes -go over the hils but many men may not passe there -togither, for the hils are so great and high. Neverthelesse -men say in that countrey therby, that in the time -of Antechrist they shall doe much harme to Christen -men and therefore all the Jewes that dwell in diverse -partes of the worlde lerne for to speake Ebrew, for they -hope that the Jewes that dwel among the hils aforesayde, -shall come out of the hils and speake all Ebrew and -nought else, & then shall these Jewes speake Ebrew to -them and lede them into Christendome for to destroye -Christen men. For these Jewes say they know by their -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page186" id="page186"></a>[pg 186]</span> -prophecies that those Jewes y<sup>t</sup> are among those hils of -Caspy shall come out, and Christen men shall be in their -subjection, as they bee under christen men. And if ye -wyll know how they shall finde the passage out, as I -have understand I shall tell you. In the time of Antechriste -a foxe shall make his denne in the same place -wher King Alexander dyd make the gates & he shall -dyg in the earth so long til he pearce it through and -come among the Jewes, and when they see the Foxe, -they shall haue great marvaile<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiiii11" name="footnotetagcplxxxiiii11"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiiii11"><sup>11</sup></a> of him, for they saw -neuer such a beast, for other beastes have they among -them many, and they shall chase this foxe and pursue -him until y<sup>t</sup> he be fled againe to his hole that he came -from, & then shall they dig after him untill they come to -y<sup>e</sup> gates y<sup>t</sup> Alexander did make of great stones well -dight<a id="footnotetagcplxxxiiii12" name="footnotetagcplxxxiiii12"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxiiii12"><sup>12</sup></a> with siment, then shall they brake these gates, -and they shall find the issue.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/184-1000.png"><img src="images/184-500.png" width="500" height="360" alt="??" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxxiiii1" name="footnotecplxxxiiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiiii1">1:</a> -Obedient, or under the rule of.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiiii2" name="footnotecplxxxiiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiiii2">2:</a> -Other editions say Caldithe.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiiii3" name="footnotecplxxxiiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiiii3">3:</a> -Cinnamon.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiiii4" name="footnotecplxxxiiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiiii4">4:</a> -Tribes.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiiii5" name="footnotecplxxxiiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiiii5">5:</a> -Scythia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiiii6" name="footnotecplxxxiiii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiiii6">6:</a> -Except.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiiii7" name="footnotecplxxxiiii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiiii7">7:</a> -Lake or pool.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiiii8" name="footnotecplxxxiiii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiiii8">8:</a> -Can only speak their own language.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiiii9" name="footnotecplxxxiiii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiiii9">9:</a> -Misprint for <i>land</i>.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiiii10" name="footnotecplxxxiiii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiiii10">10:</a> -Other editions say Amazony.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxiiii11" name="footnotecplxxxiiii11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiiii11">11:</a> -Be astonished at him.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxxiiii12" name="footnotecplxxxiiii12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxiiii12">12:</a> -Well cemented.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXXV.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the land of Bactry, and of many Griffons and other -beastes.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM this land men shal go unto the land of Bactry,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxv1" name="footnotetagcplxxxv1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxv1"><sup>1</sup></a> -where are many wicked men & fell,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxv2" name="footnotetagcplxxxv2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxv2"><sup>2</sup></a> in that land -are trees that beare wol,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxv3" name="footnotetagcplxxxv3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxv3"><sup>3</sup></a> as it were shepe, of which they -make cloth. In this land are ypotains<a id="footnotetagcplxxxv4" name="footnotetagcplxxxv4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxv4"><sup>4</sup></a> that dwel sometime -on land, sometime on water, and are halfe a man -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page187" id="page187"></a>[pg 187]</span> -and halfe a horse, and they eate not but men, when they -may get them. In this land are many gryffons, more -than in other places, and some say they haue the body -before as an Egle, and behinde as a Lyon, and it is -trouth, for they be made so; but the Griffen hath a body -greater than viii Lyons and stall worthier<a id="footnotetagcplxxxv5" name="footnotetagcplxxxv5"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxv5"><sup>5</sup></a> than a hundred -Egles. For certainly he wyl beare to his nest -flying, a horse and a man upon his back, or two Oxen -yoked togither as they go at plowgh, for he hath longe -nayles on hys fete, as great as it were hornes of Oxen,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxv6" name="footnotetagcplxxxv6"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxv6"><sup>6</sup></a> -and of those they make cups there to drynke of, and of -his rybes<a id="footnotetagcplxxxv7" name="footnotetagcplxxxv7"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxv7"><sup>7</sup></a> they make bowes to shoote with.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxxv1" name="footnotecplxxxv1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxv1">1:</a> -Bactria.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxv2" name="footnotecplxxxv2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxv2">2:</a> -Crafty.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxv3" name="footnotecplxxxv3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxv3">3:</a> -Wool.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxv4" name="footnotecplxxxv4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxv4">4:</a> -Hippopotamuses.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxv5" name="footnotecplxxxv5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxv5">5:</a> -Stouter, braver.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxv6" name="footnotecplxxxv6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxv6">6:</a> -The editor of the edition of 1827 says, in a footnote, p. 325: "One 4 foot long, in the Cotton Library, has a Silver Hoop about -the end, whereon is engraven <i>Griphi Unguis, Divo Cuthberto Dunelmensi sacer</i>. Another, about an Ell long, is mentioned by -<i>Dr. Greis</i>, in his History of the Rarities of the Royal Society, p. 26; tho' the Doctor there supposes it rather the horn of a Rock -Buck, or of the <i>Ibex mas</i>." Such was science a little over fifty years since!</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxxv7" name="footnotecplxxxv7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxv7">7:</a> -Ribs.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXXVI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the way for to go to prester Johns land which is -Emperour of Inde.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM this lande of Bactry men goe many dayes -Jorneyes to the lande of Prester John, that is a -great Emperour of Inde, and men call his lande the yle -of Pantoroze.<a id="footnotetagcplxxxvi1" name="footnotetagcplxxxvi1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxvi1"><sup>1</sup></a> This Emperour Prester John holdeth -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page188" id="page188"></a>[pg 188]</span> -great land, & many good cities, and good townes, in his -kingedome is many great yles & large for this land of -Ynde is departed in yles because of great flods that -come out of Paradise, and also in the sea are many great -yles, the best citie that is in the yle of Pantoroze is called -Nile,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxvi2" name="footnotetagcplxxxvi2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxvi2"><sup>2</sup></a> that is a noble citie & a rich. Prester John hath -under him many kings and many diverse people, and -his land is good & rych, but not so rich as the land of -the great Caane, for marchaunts come not so much -thyther as they do unto the lande of the greate Caane, -for it is so long a journey. And also they finde in the -yle of Cathay all thing that they haue nede of, as spycery, -clothes of gold, and other riches, and all if they -might haue better cheape in the lande of Prester John -than in the land of Cathay, and more finer, neverthelesse -they would let<a id="footnotetagcplxxxvi3" name="footnotetagcplxxxvi3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxvi3"><sup>3</sup></a> it, for the long waye and great -perils on the sea, for there are many places in the sea -where are many roches of a stone that is called Adamand, -the which of its own kinde, draweth to him all -maner of yron, & therefore there may no ships that hath -yron nayles passe, but it draweth them to him, and -therefore they dare not go into that countrey with ships -for dread of the Adamand. I went once into that sea -& sawe along as it had bene a great yle of trees, stockes -& braunches growinge, and the shipmen told me that -those were of great shippes that abode there, through -the vertue of the Adamandes and of things that were -in the ships, whereof those trees sprong and waxed. -And such roches are there many in diverse places of -that sea & therefore dare there no shypman passe that -waye. And another thing also that they dread the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page189" id="page189"></a>[pg 189]</span> -long way, and therefore they go moste to Cathay, and -that is nerer unto them. And yet it is not so nere, but -then behoveth<a id="footnotetagcplxxxvi4" name="footnotetagcplxxxvi4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxvi4"><sup>4</sup></a> for Venice or Gene be in ye sea toward -Cathay xi or xii moneths. The land of Prester John is -long, & marchaunts passe thither through the lande of -Persy, and come unto a citie that men cal Hermes,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxvi5" name="footnotetagcplxxxvi5"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxvi5"><sup>5</sup></a> for -a Philosopher that was called Hermes founded it, and -they passe an arme of the sea, & come to another citie -that men call Saboth,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxvi6" name="footnotetagcplxxxvi6"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxvi6"><sup>6</sup></a> & there fynde they all marchaundises, -& popiniayes, as great plentie as larkes<a id="footnotetagcplxxxvi7" name="footnotetagcplxxxvi7"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxvi7"><sup>7</sup></a> in -our countrey. In this countrey is little wheat or barly, -and therefore they eate ryce mylk and chese, & other -fruits. This Emperour Prester John weddeth commonly -the daughter of the greate Caane, and the great Caane -his daughter. In the land of Prester John is many -divers things, and many precious stones so great & so -large that they make of them vessels, platters, and -cuppes, and many other things of which it were to long -to tell, but somewhat of his law and of his faith I shall -tell you.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxxvi1" name="footnotecplxxxvi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxvi1">1:</a> -Other editions say Pentexoire.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxvi2" name="footnotecplxxxvi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxvi2">2:</a> -Nyse in other copies.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxvi3" name="footnotecplxxxvi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxvi3">3:</a> -Would not go that.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxvi4" name="footnotecplxxxvi4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxvi4">4:</a> -This must be a misprint, and the text must read that travellers from Venice or Genoa to Cathay must make a voyage lasting 11 or 12 months.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxvi5" name="footnotecplxxxvi5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxvi5">5:</a> -Ormuz.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxvi6" name="footnotecplxxxvi6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxvi6">6:</a> -Other editions say Colbache.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxxvi7" name="footnotecplxxxvi7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxvi7">7:</a> -Others say <i>geese</i>.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page190" id="page190"></a>[pg 190]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXXVII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the faith and belyfe of Prester John, but he hath not -all the full beliefe as we haue.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HIS Emperour prester John is christen & a great -part of his lande also, but they haue not all the -articles of our fayth, but they beleve well in the Father, -the Sonne, & the Holy Ghost, & they are full devout -and true to one another, & they make no force of Catal,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxvii1" name="footnotetagcplxxxvii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxvii1"><sup>1</sup></a> -and he hath under him Lxxii provinces and countries, -and in eche one is a king, & those kings haue other -kinges under them. And in this lande are many marvailes, -for in that lande is the gravely sea, that is of -sande and gravaile and no drop of water, and ebbeth -and floweth with righte great waves as another sea doth, -and it is never standing still, nor never in rest, and no -man may passe that land beyond it. And al if it so be -that there bee no water in the sea, yet men may finde -therein right good fishe, and of other fashion & shape -than is in any other seas, and also they are of full good -savour & swete, and good to eat. And three jorneys -from that sea are many greate hills, through which runneth -a great floud that cometh from Paradise, and it is -full of precious stones, and no drop of water, and it runneth -with great waves into the gravely sea. And this -floud runneth three dayes in the weke so fast, & stirreth -great stones of the roches with him that make muche -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page191" id="page191"></a>[pg 191]</span> -noise, and as sone as they come into the gravely sea, -they are no more sene, and in those three dayes when it -runneth thus, no man dare come in it, but the other -dayes men go therein where they will. And also beyond -that floud towards that wildernesse is a great plaine all -sandy and gravely among hills, & in that plain grow -trees that at the rising of the Son ech day begin to -grow, and so grow they to midday, and beare fruit, but -no man dare eate of that fruite, for it is a maner of -yron,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxvii2" name="footnotetagcplxxxvii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxvii2"><sup>2</sup></a> and after myddaye it turneth againe to the earth, -so that when the Sonne goeth downe it is nothinge seene, -and so doeth it every day. And there is in y<sup>t</sup> wildernesse -many wild men with horns on their heads righte -hidious, and they speke not but rout<a id="footnotetagcplxxxvii3" name="footnotetagcplxxxvii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxvii3"><sup>3</sup></a> as swine & in y<sup>t</sup> -countrey are many popiniayes, y<sup>t</sup> they call in theyr language -(pistak) & they speke through their own kind as -a part as a man, & those that speake well haue long -tonges and large & on every fote five toes, but there are -som that haue but three toes but those speake nought -and very ill.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxxvii1" name="footnotecplxxxvii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxvii1">1:</a> -They care not for property.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxvii2" name="footnotecplxxxvii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxvii2">2:</a> -In other editions it is "for it is a thing of Fayrye," or Magic.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxxvii3" name="footnotecplxxxvii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxvii3">3:</a> -Root like hogs.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXXVIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of an other ylande where also dwelleth good people therein, -and is called Sinople.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HEN is there an other yland that is called Synople, -wherein also are good people and true, & full of -good faith, & they are much lyke in their living to y<sup>e</sup> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page192" id="page192"></a>[pg 192]</span> -men before sayd, and they go all naked. Into that -Iland came King Alexander, & when he saw their good -faith and trouth, and theyr good belefe, he said that he -wold do them no harme and bad them aske of him -riches and nought<a id="footnotetagcplxxxviii1" name="footnotetagcplxxxviii1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxviii1"><sup>1</sup></a> else, and they shoulde haue it. And -they aunswered, that they had richesse ynough, when -they had meat & drinke to sustaine their bodies, & they -sayde also that richesse of this world is nought worth, -but if it were so that he might graunt them that they -should never dye, that would they pray him. And -Alexander said that might he not do, for he was mortal -and shold die as they shold. Then sayd they, why -art y<sup>e</sup> so proude & woldest win all the world, and -haue it in thy subjection as it were a god & hast no -terme<a id="footnotetagcplxxxviii2" name="footnotetagcplxxxviii2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxviii2"><sup>2</sup></a> of thy life, & thou will haue all riches of y<sup>e</sup> -world, the which shall forsake thee or thou forsake it, & -thou shalt beare nothing with thee, but it shal dwel to -other, but as thou were borne naked, so shalt thou bee -done in earth. And Alexander was greatly astonied of -this aunswere, & if it be so that they haue not the -articles of our faithe, neverthelesse I beleve that God -loveth their service to gree,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxviii3" name="footnotetagcplxxxviii3"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxviii3"><sup>3</sup></a> as he did of Job that was a -Paynim, the which he held for his true servant and many -other. I beeleve well that God loveth al those that love -him and serve him mekely and truely, and that despise -the vaine glory of the world as these men doe, and as -Job did, and therefore saide our Lorde through the -mouth of the holy prophet Isay,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxviii4" name="footnotetagcplxxxviii4"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxviii4"><sup>4</sup></a> <i>Ponam eis multiplices -Leges meas</i>, That is to say, I will put my laws to them -in many maners, & the gospell saith thus, <i>Alias oves</i> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page193" id="page193"></a>[pg 193]</span> -<i>habeo, que non sunt ex hoc ovili</i>, That is to say I haue -other shepe that are not of this folde, and thereto -accordeth the vision that saint Peter saw at Jaffe how -the aungell came from heaven, & brought with him of -all maner of beastes, as serpents and divers foules, and -said to sainct Peter, Take and eat. And sainct Peter -aunswered, I eat never of uncleane beste. And the -aungell sayde to him, <i>Non dicas inmunda, que Deus mundavit</i>. -That is to saye, Call thou not those things uncleane -that God hath clened. This was done in token -that men sholde not haue many men in despite for their -divers lawes, for we wot never whom God loveth & whom -God hateth.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxxviii1" name="footnotecplxxxviii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxviii1">1:</a> -Misprint for <i>aught</i>, anything.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxviii2" name="footnotecplxxxviii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxviii2">2:</a> -End, termination.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecplxxxviii3" name="footnotecplxxxviii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxviii3">3:</a> -Pleasure, "please Him."</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxxviii4" name="footnotecplxxxviii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxviii4">4:</a> -Others say Hosea.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. LXXXIX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of two other iles, the one is called Pitan where in be little -men that eate no meat, and in that other ile are the men -all rough of fethers.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HERE is another yle that men call Pitan, men of -this lande till no lande, for they eate nought and -they are smal, but not so smal as Pigmes. These men -liue with smell of wild aples,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxix1" name="footnotetagcplxxxix1"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxix1"><sup>1</sup></a> & when they go far out -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page194" id="page194"></a>[pg 194]</span> -of the countrey, they beare apples with them, for anon -as they lose that savour of apples they dye, they are not -reasonable but as wyld beastes. And there is another -yle where the people are all fethers,<a id="footnotetagcplxxxix2" name="footnotetagcplxxxix2"></a><a href="#footnotecplxxxix2"><sup>2</sup></a> but the face and -the palmes of theyr handes, these men go as well about -the sea as on the lande, and they eate fleshe & fish all -raw, in this yle is a great river that is two mile brode & -a halfe that men call Renemar.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecplxxxix1" name="footnotecplxxxix1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxix1">1:</a> -Pliny (book 7, cap. 2) says: "At the very extremity of India, on the eastern side, near the source of the River Ganges, there is -the nation of the Astonei, a people who have no mouths; their bodies are rough and hairy, and they cover themselves with a down -plucked from the leaves of trees (<i>probably cotton</i>). These people subsist only by breathing and by the odours which they inhale -through the nostrils. They support themselves upon neither meat nor drink: when they go upon a long journey they only carry with -them various oderiferous roots & flowers, and wild apples, that they may not be without something to smell at. But an odour which is -a little more powerful than usual easily destroys them."</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecplxxxix2" name="footnotecplxxxix2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcplxxxix2">2:</a> -Other editions read, <i>rough hair</i>.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XC.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of a rich man in Prester Johan's lande named Catolonapes -and of his gardeine.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>N an yle of Prester Johans land y<sup>t</sup> men call Miscorach, -there was a rich man y<sup>t</sup> was called Catolonapes, he -was ful rich & had a fair castel on a hil & strong, & he -made a wal all about ye hill right strong & fayre, within -he had a faire gardeine wherein were many trees bearing -all maner of fruits y<sup>t</sup> he might find, & he had planted -therein al maner of herbes of good smel and that bare -flowers, & ther wer many faire wels, & by them was -made many hals & chambers wel dight with gold & -asure, & he had made there dyverse stories of beastes -and birds y<sup>t</sup> song & turned by engin and orbage<a id="footnotetagcpxc1" name="footnotetagcpxc1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxc1"><sup>1</sup></a> as they -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page195" id="page195"></a>[pg 195]</span> -had been quick,<a id="footnotetagcpxc2" name="footnotetagcpxc2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxc2"><sup>2</sup></a> & he had in his gardeine al thing that -might be to man solace & comfort, he had also in that -gardeine maydens within y<sup>e</sup> age of xv yeare, y<sup>e</sup> fairest -y<sup>t</sup> he myght find, & men children of the same age, & -they were clothed with clothes of gold, & he sayd that -they were aungels and he caused to be made certain -hils,<a id="footnotetagcpxc3" name="footnotetagcpxc3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxc3"><sup>3</sup></a> & enclosed them about with precious stones of -Jaspy & christal & set in gold & pearls and other maner -of stones, and he had made a coundute<a id="footnotetagcpxc4" name="footnotetagcpxc4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxc4"><sup>4</sup></a> under y<sup>e</sup> earth, -so that when he wold y<sup>e</sup> walls<a id="footnotetagcpxc5" name="footnotetagcpxc5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxc5"><sup>5</sup></a> ran somtime with milke, -somtime with wine, somtime honey, & this place is called -Paradise & when any yong bacheler of y<sup>e</sup> countrey, -knight or sqyer, cometh to him for solace and disport, -he ledeth him into his paradise & sheweth them these -things, as the songs of birds & his damosels and wels, -& he did strike diverse Instruments of musyke, in a -high tower that might be sene, and sayde they were the -aungels of God, & that place was Paradise, that God -hath graunted to those that beleved, when hee sayde thus, -<i>Dabo vobis terram fluentam lac & mel</i>. That is to say, I -shall giue you land flowing with mylk and hony. And -then this rych man dyd<a id="footnotetagcpxc6" name="footnotetagcpxc6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxc6"><sup>6</sup></a> these men drinke a maner of -drinke, of which they were dronken, & he said to them -if they wold dye for his sake & when they were dead -they shold come to his paradise, and they should be of -the age of those maydens, and shold dwell alway with -them, and he shold put them in a fayrer paradise where -they shold se god in his joy, and in his majesty & then -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page196" id="page196"></a>[pg 196]</span> -they graunted to do that he wold, and he bad them go -and sleay such a lord, or a man of the countrey that he -was wroth with, and that they should haue no dread of -no man and if they were slaine themselfe for his sake, -he shold put them in his paradise when they were dead. -And so went those bachelers to sleay great lordes of the -countrey, & were slaine themselfe in hope to haue that -Paradise, and thus was he avenged of his enimies through -his desert,<a id="footnotetagcpxc7" name="footnotetagcpxc7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxc7"><sup>7</sup></a> and when rich men of the countrey perceived -this cautell<a id="footnotetagcpxc8" name="footnotetagcpxc8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxc8"><sup>8</sup></a> and malice and the will of this Catolonapes, -they gathered them to gither & assayled the castel & -slew hym & destroyed all his goods and his faire places -and riches that were in his paradise, and the place of the -wales<a id="footnotetagcpxc9" name="footnotetagcpxc9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxc9"><sup>9</sup></a> are there yet, and it is not long ago since it was -destroyed.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxc1" name="footnotecpxc1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxc1">1:</a> -This word is very puzzling. It seems to me that it probably means <i>wheel work</i>, from Lat. <i>orbis</i>, a circle; but Rd. Braithwaite, -in his <i>Arcadian Princesse</i>, says: "In the lowest border of the garden, I might see a curious <i>orbell</i>, all of touch, wherein the Syracusan -tyrants were no lesse artfully portrayed, than their severall cruelties to life displayed."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxc2" name="footnotecpxc2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxc2">2:</a> -As if they had been alive.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxc3" name="footnotecpxc3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxc3">3:</a> -Misprint for Wells.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxc4" name="footnotecpxc4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxc4">4:</a> -Conduit.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxc5" name="footnotecpxc5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxc5">5:</a> -Wells.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxc6" name="footnotecpxc6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxc6">6:</a> -Made.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxc7" name="footnotecpxc7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxc7">7:</a> -Deceit.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxc8" name="footnotecpxc8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxc8">8:</a> -Ill intent, evil mind.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxc9" name="footnotecpxc9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxc9">9:</a> -Wells.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XCI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of a marvelous vale that is beside the river of Physon.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND a lyttle from that place, on the left syde besyde -the river of Physon is a great marvaile. There is -a vale betwene two hils, and that is foure myle longe, and -some men call it the valay enchaunted, some y<sup>e</sup> valey of -Divels, some the valey perylous,<a id="footnotetagcpxci1" name="footnotetagcpxci1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxci1"><sup>1</sup></a> and in that valey are -many tempests & a great noyse very hydeous bothe day -& night & sound as it were a noise of Taburines<a id="footnotetagcpxci2" name="footnotetagcpxci2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxci2"><sup>2</sup></a> of -nakers<a id="footnotetagcpxci3" name="footnotetagcpxci3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxci3"><sup>3</sup></a> & of trumpets as it were a great feast. This -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page197" id="page197"></a>[pg 197]</span> -valey is all full of devils, and hath ben alway, and men -say thereby y<sup>t</sup> it is a enter<a id="footnotetagcpxci4" name="footnotetagcpxci4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxci4"><sup>4</sup></a> to hell. In this valey is -muche golde & silver, wherefore many Christen men & -other go thether for covetise of that golde and silver, but -few of them come out againe, for they are anon strangled -with divels. And in the middes of that vale on a roche -is a visage, & the head of a fiend bodely, right hideous -and dreadfull to see, and there is nothing sene but the -head to y<sup>e</sup> shoulders, but there is no christen men in y<sup>e</sup> -world nor other so hardy but y<sup>t</sup> he should be greatly afraide -to beholde it, for he beholdeth eche man so sharply & -felly<a id="footnotetagcpxci5" name="footnotetagcpxci5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxci5"><sup>5</sup></a> -& his eyes are so staring & so sprinkling<a id="footnotetagcpxci6" name="footnotetagcpxci6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxci6"><sup>6</sup></a> as fyre -& he chaungeth so often his countenaunce that no man -dare come nere for all the worlde, and out of his mouth -& his nose cometh great plenty of fyer of divers colours, -& sometime is the fyer so stynking, that no man may -suffer it, but alway a good christen man, and one that is -stedfast in the fayth may go therein without harme, if -they shrive them well and blesse them with the token of -the crosse, then shall the divels haue no power over them. -And ye shall understande that when my felowes & I -were in that valey, we had full great dought<a id="footnotetagcpxci7" name="footnotetagcpxci7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxci7"><sup>7</sup></a> if we shold -put our bodies in a venture to go through it, & some of -my felows agreed therto, & some wold not, and there -were in our company two friers minours of Lombardy & -sayd if any of us wold go in, they wold also, as they had -sayd so, and upon trust of them we sayd that we wold -go, & we dyd sing a masse and were shriven & houseled,<a id="footnotetagcpxci8" name="footnotetagcpxci8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxci8"><sup>8</sup></a> -and we went in xiiii men & when we came out we were -but x<a id="footnotetagcpxci9" name="footnotetagcpxci9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxci9"><sup>9</sup></a> & we wist not whether our felowes were loste -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page198" id="page198"></a>[pg 198]</span> -there, or that they turned againe, but we saw no more of -them, others of our felowes that would not go in with us, -went about another way for to be before us, and so they -were. And we went through the valey and saw there -many marvailous things, gold silver precious stones & -jewels great plenty, as we thought, whether it were so or -no, I know not, for divels are so subtill & false, that they -make many times a thinge to seme y<sup>t</sup> is not, for to -deceive men, and therefore I wold touch nothing for -dread of enimies that I saw there in many likenesses, -and of dead bodies that I saw lye in the valey, but I -dare not saye that they were all bodies, but they were -bodies through making of divels. And we were often -cast down to the earth by winde, thunder & tempest, but -God helped alway, and so passed we through that valey -without peryl or harme thankes be to God.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxci1" name="footnotecpxci1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxci1">1:</a> -Perilous.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxci2" name="footnotecpxci2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxci2">2:</a> -Tambourines.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxci3" name="footnotecpxci3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxci3">3:</a> -A kind of drum, probably a kettledrum.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxci4" name="footnotecpxci4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxci4">4:</a> -Entrance.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxci5" name="footnotecpxci5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxci5">5:</a> -Evilly.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxci6" name="footnotecpxci6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxci6">6:</a> -Sparkling.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxci7" name="footnotecpxci7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxci7">7:</a> -Doubt.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxci8" name="footnotecpxci8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxci8">8:</a> -Received the Sacrament.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxci9" name="footnotecpxci9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxci9">9:</a> -Others say 9.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XCII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of an yland wherein dwell people as great as giants of -xxviii or xxx fote of length & other things.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND beyond that valey is a great yle, where people -as great as giaunts of xxviii fote long & they haue -no clothinge but beasts skyns that hang on them, & they -eate no bread but flesh raw and they drink milke, & -they haue no houses, & they eat gladlyer fleshe of men, -than other, & men saye to us, that beyond that yle is a -yle where are greater giaunts as xlv or <span class="sc">L</span> fote long, & -some sayd <span class="sc">L</span> cubits long, but I saw not them, and among -those giaunts are great shepe, as it were young oxen, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page199" id="page199"></a>[pg 199]</span> -and they beare great wolle, these shepe haue I sene -many times. An other yle is there northward where are -many evill and fell women and they haue precious stones -in their eies, & they haue suche kinde y<sup>t</sup> if they beholde -any man with wrath, they sley them of the beholding as -the Basalysk doeth.<a id="footnotetagcpxcii1" name="footnotetagcpxcii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcii1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecpxcii1" name="footnotecpxcii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcii1">1:</a> -Here a passage is omitted.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XCIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of women which make great sorow as theyr children are -borne & great joy when they are dead.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>N other yle there is, where women make great sorow -when theyr children be borne & when they are -dead they make great joy and caste them in a great fier -and burne them, and they that loue well theyr husbands, -when they are dead they cast them in a fyer to burn -them, for they say that fyer shall make them clean of -all filth & vices & they shall be cleane in another world, -and the cause why they wepe when their children are -borne, and y<sup>t</sup> they joye at their death, they say a child -when he is borne cometh into this world to haue travaile, -sorow & heavinesse, & when they are dead they go to -Paradise where rivers are of mylke and honey, & there -is lyfe & joy and plenty of goods without travaile or -sorow. In thys yle they make their kings by chosing, & -they chose him not for his riches and noblenesse, but -him that is of good conditions and most righteous and -trew that judgeth euery man truely, little & much after -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page200" id="page200"></a>[pg 200]</span> -their trespasse, and ye king may judge no man to death -without counsel of his barons, & that they all assent. -And if it so be y<sup>t</sup> the king do a great trespasse, as sley -a man or such lyke, he shall dye also, but he shall not -be slaine, but they shall defend and forbid that no man -be so hardy to beare him company, nor to speake to -him, ne giue him meat nor drinke and thus he shall dye, -for they spare no man y<sup>t</sup> hath done a trespasse, for loue, -lordeship riches nor noblenes, but they do him right after -y<sup>t</sup> he hath deserved.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="space-above3">CAP. XCIIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of an yland where men wed theyr owne daughters & -kinswomen.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HERE is another yle where there is great plenty -of people & they eate neuer flesh of hares, nor -of hens, nor geese, yet is there many of them but they -eate of all other beastes, and they drink mylk, in this -countrey they wed theyr owne daughters and other of -theyr kyn as them liketh, and if there be x or xii men -in one house, eche one of theyr wyves shal be comon to -other, & at night shal one haue one of y<sup>e</sup> wives and -another night another. And if she haue any chylde, she -may give it to whome she would so that no man knowe -if it be his or not. In this land & many other places of -Inde, are many cocodrilles, that is a maner of a long -serpent, and on nights they dwell on water, and on dayes -they dwell on land and rocks, and they eat not in winter. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page201" id="page201"></a>[pg 201]</span> -These serpents sley men and eate them weping,<a id="footnotetagcpxciiii1" name="footnotetagcpxciiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxciiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> and -they haue no tongue. In this countrey and many other, -men caste sede of cotton, and sow it eche yeare and it -groweth as it were small trees, and they bere cotton. In -Araby is a kynde of beast that some men call Garsantes,<a id="footnotetagcpxciiii2" name="footnotetagcpxciiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxciiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> -that is a fayre beast, & he is hyer than a great courser -or a stead<a id="footnotetagcpxciiii3" name="footnotetagcpxciiii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxciiii3"><sup>3</sup></a> but his neck is nere xx cubytes long, and his -crop and his taile lyke a hart and he may loke ouer a -high house and there is many Camilions,<a id="footnotetagcpxciiii4" name="footnotetagcpxciiii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxciiii4"><sup>4</sup></a> that is a lytle -beaste, & he eateth nor drinketh never, and he chaungeth -his colour often, for sometime he is of one colour & -sometime of another, and he may chaunge him into all -colours that he will, saue black and red. There are -many wilde swine of many colours and as great as Oxen, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page202" id="page202"></a>[pg 202]</span> -& they are spotted as it were smal fawnes, and there are -lions all white, and there be other beastes as great steedes -that men call Lauhorans,<a id="footnotetagcpxciiii5" name="footnotetagcpxciiii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxciiii5"><sup>5</sup></a> and men call them Toutes, -and their head is blacke, and three long hornes in his -fronte, as cutting as sharp swords, and he chaseth and -wil sley Olifants. And there is many other maner of -beastes, of whom it were to long to write all.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/201-1000.png"><img src="images/201-500.png" width="500" height="351" alt="Garsantes" /></a></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxciiii1" name="footnotecpxciiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxciiii1">1:</a> -This curious belief gave rise to the term "Crocodile's tears," -<i>i.e.</i>, hypocritical tears.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxciiii2" name="footnotecpxciiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxciiii2">2:</a> -Giraffes.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxciiii3" name="footnotecpxciiii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxciiii3">3:</a> -A steed or horse.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxciiii4" name="footnotecpxciiii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxciiii4">4:</a> -Chameleon.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxciiii5" name="footnotecpxciiii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxciiii5">5:</a> -A rhinoceros is here evidently meant.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XCV.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of an ylande wherein dwell full good people and true.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HERE is another yland good and great, and plentiouse, -where are good men and true and of godly -lyfe after their faith, & all if they be not christen neverthelesse -of kinde they are full of good vertues and they -fly all vices, and all sinne and malice, for they are not -envious, proud, covetous, lecherous nor glotenus, and -they do not unto another man but that they wold he did -to them, and they fulfill the x commaundementes and -they make no force of ryches nor of having, & they -Swere not, but they say ye and nay, for they say he that -swereth will deceive his neighbour, and some men call -this yle the yle of Bragamen, and some call it the land -of faith, and through it runneth a great river that men -call Thebe, and generally al men in those iles, and other -iles thereby are truer and rightwiser than in other -countreys. In this ile are no theves, murderers nor -beggers. And for as much as they are so true and so -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page203" id="page203"></a>[pg 203]</span> -good, there is no tempest nor thunder, warre, hunger, -nor tribulation, and thus it semeth well that God loveth -them wel, and he is well payed of theyr dedes, and they -beleve in God y<sup>t</sup> made all thing & him they worship and -they live so ordinately in meate and drinke that they -live right longe, and many of them dye without sicknesse, -that kinde<a id="footnotetagcpxcv1" name="footnotetagcpxcv1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcv1"><sup>1</sup></a> faileth them for age.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecpxcv1" name="footnotecpxcv1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcv1">1:</a> -They only die of old age.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XCVI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>How King Alexander sent his men thither for to winne -that lande.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND King Alexander sometime sent his men to win -that lande, and they sent him letters that sayde -thus, What behoveth a man to have all the worlde, that -is not content therewithal: thou shalt fynde nothing at -al in us, why that thou shouldest make warre upon us, -for we haue no ryches nor treasure, and all the cattell of -our countrey are common, our meates that we eate are -our riches, and instede of gold and silver, we make our -treasure peace & concorde of love, and we have nought -but a cloth uppon our bodies, our wyves are not arrayed -rychely to pleasing, for we holde it a great foly for a -man to tryme up his body with costly aparel to make it -seme fairer than God made it. We haue ben evermore -in peace til now y<sup>t</sup> thou wilt disherite us. We haue a -king among us, not for nede of the law, nor to judge any -man, for there are no trespassours among us, but all -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page204" id="page204"></a>[pg 204]</span> -onely to learne us to be obedient to him & so maist you -take from us but our good peace. And when King -Alexander saw this letter he thought he shold doe to -much harme if he troubled them, and sent to them that -they should kepe well theyr good maners, & haue no -dread of him.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XCVII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>How the Emperour Prester John when he goeth to batayle, -he hath three crosses borne before him of fine gold.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HIS Emperour Prester John, when he goeth to -batayle, he hath no baner borne before him, but he -hath borne before him three crosses of fine gold, & those -are large & great, and well set with precious stones, & -for to kepe eche crosse, is ordeyned a thousand<a id="footnotetagcpxcvii1" name="footnotetagcpxcvii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcvii1"><sup>1</sup></a> men of -armes, in maner as men kepe a standerde in other -countreys, and he hath men without number when he -goeth in any batayle against any other lord. And when -he hath no battayle but rydeth with privy company, then -doth he beare before him a crosse of tree<a id="footnotetagcpxcvii2" name="footnotetagcpxcvii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcvii2"><sup>2</sup></a> not painted, -and without gold or precious stones, and all playne in -token that our lord Jesu Christ suffered death on a cross -of tree. And also he hath borne before him a platter of -gold ful of earth, in token y<sup>t</sup> lordship and noblenesse -shal tourne to nought, & his flesh shall turne to earth. -And also he has borne before him another vessell full of -Jewels, and golde and precious stones, in token of his -noblenes and of his might.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxcvii1" name="footnotecpxcvii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcvii1">1:</a> -Others say 10,000.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxcvii2" name="footnotecpxcvii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcvii2">2:</a> -A wooden cross.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page205" id="page205"></a>[pg 205]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XCVIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the moste</i><a id="footnotetagcpxcviii1" name="footnotetagcpxcviii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii1"><sup>1</sup></a> <i>dwelling place of Prester John in a citie -called Suse.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND he dwelleth commonly at the citie of Suse, & -there is his principall palaice that is so riche that -marvayle is to tell, & about the principall toure of the -palaice are two pomels<a id="footnotetagcpxcviii2" name="footnotetagcpxcviii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii2"><sup>2</sup></a> of gold all round, and eche one -of those hath two carbuncles great & large, y<sup>t</sup> shine -ryght clere in the night, and y<sup>e</sup> principal gates of this -palaice are of precious stones that men call Saraine<a id="footnotetagcpxcviii3" name="footnotetagcpxcviii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii3"><sup>3</sup></a> & -the borders of the barres are of Ivory, & windowes of -the hall and chambers are of Cristall, and tables that -they eate of, some Emerandes, some are of Mayk,<a id="footnotetagcpxcviii4" name="footnotetagcpxcviii4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii4"><sup>4</sup></a> some -of golde and precious stones, and the pillers that beare -the tables are of such stones also, and the greces on the -which y<sup>e</sup> Emperour goeth to his sege where he sitteth at -meat, one is of Mastik,<a id="footnotetagcpxcviii5" name="footnotetagcpxcviii5"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii5"><sup>5</sup></a> another of Cristal, another of -green Jasphy,<a id="footnotetagcpxcviii6" name="footnotetagcpxcviii6"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii6"><sup>6</sup></a> -another of Diasper,<a id="footnotetagcpxcviii7" name="footnotetagcpxcviii7"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii7"><sup>7</sup></a> -another of Serdin,<a id="footnotetagcpxcviii8" name="footnotetagcpxcviii8"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii8"><sup>8</sup></a> -another of Cornelin,<a id="footnotetagcpxcviii9" name="footnotetagcpxcviii9"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii9"><sup>9</sup></a> another of Seuton, & that he setteth -his fote upon, is of Crisolites, and all these greces -are bordered with fine gold, and well set with great -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page206" id="page206"></a>[pg 206]</span> -perles and other precious stones, and ye side of the sege -are Emerauds bordred with gold and with precious -stones, the pillers in his chambre are of fine gold with -many Carbuncles and other such stones that giue great -light in the night, and all if the Carbuncles giue great -light, neuerthelesse there burneth xii<a id="footnotetagcpxcviii10" name="footnotetagcpxcviii10"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii10"><sup>10</sup></a> great vessels of -Cristall full of balme to giue good smell, and to drive -away evill ayre. The fourme<a id="footnotetagcpxcviii11" name="footnotetagcpxcviii11"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii11"><sup>11</sup></a> of his bedde is all of -Saphire well bound with gold to make him slepe well & -for to destroy lechery, for he will not lye by his wives -but thrise<a id="footnotetagcpxcviii12" name="footnotetagcpxcviii12"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii12"><sup>12</sup></a> a yeare, after the seasons, and all onely for -getting of children. And he hath also a fayre palayce -in the city of Nyse where he dwelleth when he wil, but -the aier there is not so well tempered as it is in the citie -of Suse. And he hath euery day in his courte more -than xxx thousand men, besides comers and goers, but -xxx thousand there or in the court of the great Caane -spendeth not so much as xii thousand in our countrey. -He hath euermore vii kinges in his court to serve him -and eche one of them serveth a moneth, and with these -kinges serue alway Lxxii Dukes & CCC<a id="footnotetagcpxcviii13" name="footnotetagcpxcviii13"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcviii13"><sup>13</sup></a> erles, and -euery day eat in his court xii archbishops and xx -byshops. The patryarke of saint Thomas is as he were -a pope and Archbishops and byshops & abbotes, all are -kings in that countrey, and some of the lordes is master -of the hall, some of the chambre, some steward, some -marshal, and other officers, and therefore he is ful rychley -served. And his land lasteth in breadth four moneths -journey and it is of length without measure.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxcviii1" name="footnotecpxcviii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii1">1:</a> -The greatest.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcviii2" name="footnotecpxcviii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii2">2:</a> -A ball or knot.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcviii3" name="footnotecpxcviii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii3">3:</a> -? Sardonyx.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcviii4" name="footnotecpxcviii4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii4">4:</a> -Another edition says Amethysts.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcviii5" name="footnotecpxcviii5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii5">5:</a> -Another edition says Onyx.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcviii6" name="footnotecpxcviii6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii6">6:</a> -Probably Jasper.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcviii7" name="footnotecpxcviii7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii7">7:</a> -Another edition says Amethyst, but as the whole is so apocryphal it does not much matter.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcviii8" name="footnotecpxcviii8"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii8">8:</a> -Sardine or Sardonyx.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcviii9" name="footnotecpxcviii9"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii9">9:</a> -Cornelian. What Seuton is I will not even venture to guess at.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcviii10" name="footnotecpxcviii10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii10">10:</a> -Another edition says, "a great vessel."</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcviii11" name="footnotecpxcviii11"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii11">11:</a> -The framework.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcviii12" name="footnotecpxcviii12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii12">12:</a> -Others say four times.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxcviii13" name="footnotecpxcviii13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcviii13">13:</a> -Elsewhere it is 360.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page207" id="page207"></a>[pg 207]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. XCIX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the wildernesse wherein groweth the trees of the sonne -& the Moone.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND beyond that river is a great wildernesse as men -that haue ben there say. In this Wildernesse as -men saye are the trees of the Sonne and of the Mone -that spake to Kyng Alexander and tolde him of his -death, and men saye that folke that kepe these trees & -eate of the fruits of them, they live foure or five hundred -yeare through vertue of the fruite, and we woulde gladly -haue gone thyther, but I beleve that an hundred thousand -men of armes shold not passe that wildernesse for great -plenty of wilde beastes, as dragons and serpents that -sley men when they pass that way. In this lande are -many Oliphantes all white and blew without number, -and unicornes & lyons of many maners.<a id="footnotetagcpxcix1" name="footnotetagcpxcix1"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcix1"><sup>1</sup></a> Many other -yles are in the land of Prester John that were to long to -tell, and much ryches and nobly of precious stones in -great plenty. I beleve y<sup>t</sup> we haue herd say why this -Emperour is called Prester John but for those that know -it not I wil declare. There was sometime an Emperour -that was a noble prince, & doughty, & he had many -christen Knights with him and y<sup>e</sup> Emperour thought hee -woulde see the service in Christen churches, and then -was churches of christendome in Turkey, Surry and -Tartary, Hierusalem, Palistine, Araby and Alappy,<a id="footnotetagcpxcix2" name="footnotetagcpxcix2"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcix2"><sup>2</sup></a> and -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page208" id="page208"></a>[pg 208]</span> -all the lordes<a id="footnotetagcpxcix3" name="footnotetagcpxcix3"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcix3"><sup>3</sup></a> of Egypte. And thys Emperour came -with a Christen Knight into a church of Egipt and it -was on a saterday after Whit sonday when the byshop -gaue orders, and he behelde the service and he asked of -the Knight what folke those should be that stode before -the Byshop, and the Knight sayd they should be prestes, -& he sayde he wold no more be called Kinge ne Emperour -but preest, and he would haue the name of him that -came first out of the prestes and he was called John, -and so haue all the Emperors sythen<a id="footnotetagcpxcix4" name="footnotetagcpxcix4"></a><a href="#footnotecpxcix4"><sup>4</sup></a> be called Prester -John. In this lande are many Christen men of good -faith & good lawe, and they haue prestes to sing masse, -and they make the sacrements as men of Grece do, but -they say not but that y<sup>e</sup> Apostles said as saint Peter, -and saint Thomas, and other apostles when they song -masse and said <i>Pater noster</i>, and the wordes with the -which Gods body is sacred; we haue many addicions of -Popes that haue bene ordeyned of which men in those -countreys know not.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpxcix1" name="footnotecpxcix1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcix1">1:</a> -Kinds or sorts.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcix2" name="footnotecpxcix2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcix2">2:</a> -? Aleppo.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpxcix3" name="footnotecpxcix3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcix3">3:</a> -Other editions read <i>land</i>.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpxcix4" name="footnotecpxcix4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpxcix4">4:</a> -Since then.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. C.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of a great yland and kingedome called Taprobane.</i><a id="footnotetagcpc1" name="footnotetagcpc1"></a><a href="#footnotecpc1"><sup>1</sup></a></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>OWARDE the East side of Prester John's lande is -an yle that men call Taprobane, & is right good -and fructuous,<a id="footnotetagcpc2" name="footnotetagcpc2"></a><a href="#footnotecpc2"><sup>2</sup></a> and there is a great Kyng and a rych, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page209" id="page209"></a>[pg 209]</span> -and he is obedient unto Prester John & the King is -alway made by eleccion. In this yle is ii wynters and -two somers, and they shere<a id="footnotetagcpc3" name="footnotetagcpc3"></a><a href="#footnotecpc3"><sup>3</sup></a> corne twise in the yere, all -times in the yeare gardeins florysheth. There dwelleth -good people and reasonable and many Christen men -among them that are full rich, and the water betwene -the syde of Prester John and this yle is not full depe for -men may see the grounde in many places.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpc1" name="footnotecpc1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpc1">1:</a> -There seems a difference of opinion whether this island is -Ceylon or Sumatra.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpc2" name="footnotecpc2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpc2">2:</a> -Fruitful.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpc3" name="footnotecpc3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpc3">3:</a> -Reap.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. CI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of two other yles, one is called Orel, & the other Argete -where are many gold mines.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HERE are more eastward two other yles—y<sup>e</sup> one -is called Orell and the other Argete of whom all -the land is mine of gold & silver. In those yles many -men se no sters<a id="footnotetagcpci1" name="footnotetagcpci1"></a><a href="#footnotecpci1"><sup>1</sup></a> clere shining, but one starre y<sup>t</sup> is called -Canapos<a id="footnotetagcpci2" name="footnotetagcpci2"></a><a href="#footnotecpci2"><sup>2</sup></a> and there many men se not y<sup>e</sup> Mone but in -the last quarter. In that yle is a great hyll of golde -that pismyres<a id="footnotetagcpci3" name="footnotetagcpci3"></a><a href="#footnotecpci3"><sup>3</sup></a> kepe, & they do fine golde from the other -that is not fine golde, and the pismyres are as great as -houndes, so that no man dare come there for dread of -pismyres that should assayle them so that men may not -worke in that gold nor get thereof but by subtiltie, and -therefore when it is righte hote the pismyres hide them -in the earth from undern<a id="footnotetagcpci4" name="footnotetagcpci4"></a><a href="#footnotecpci4"><sup>4</sup></a> to none of the daye, and then -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page210" id="page210"></a>[pg 210]</span> -men of the countrey take Cameles and dormedaries and -other beastes & go thither and charge them with gold -and go away fast or the pismyres come out of the earth. -And other times when it is not so hot y<sup>t</sup> the pismyres hide -them not, they take mares that haue foles, and they lay -upon these mares two long vessels as it were two small -barels and the mouth upwards and drive them thether -and holde theyr foles at home, and when the pismyres se -these vessels they spring therein, for they haue<a id="footnotetagcpci5" name="footnotetagcpci5"></a><a href="#footnotecpci5"><sup>5</sup></a> of kinde -to leue no hole nor pyt open, and anone they fyl these -vessels with golde, and when men think that the vessels -be full they take the foles and bring them as nere as -they dare, and then they whine, and the mares heare -them, and anone they come to theyr foles and so they -take the gold, for these pismyres will suffer beastes for -to go among them, but no men.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpci1" name="footnotecpci1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpci1">1:</a> -Stars.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpci2" name="footnotecpci2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpci2">2:</a> -Canopus, a star of the first magnitude, in the rudder of the constellation <i>Argo</i>.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpci3" name="footnotecpci3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpci3">3:</a> -Ants.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpci4" name="footnotecpci4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpci4">4:</a> -See footnote, <i>ante</i>, p. <a href="#page125">125</a><sup>3</sup>.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpci5" name="footnotecpci5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpci5">5:</a> -For it is their habit.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. CII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the darke countrey and hils and roches of stone nigh to -Paradise.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">B</span>EYOND the yles of the lande of Prester John and -his lordeship of wildernesse to go right East, men -shall not finde but hils, great rocks and other myrke<a id="footnotetagcpcii1" name="footnotetagcpcii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpcii1"><sup>1</sup></a> -lande, where no man may see a day or night as men of -the countrey say, and this wildernesse and myrke land -lasteth to Paradise terrestre, where Adam and Eve were -sette, but they were there but a lyttle while, and that is -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page211" id="page211"></a>[pg 211]</span> -toward the East at the beginning of the earth, but that -is not our East that we call where the Son ryseth in -those countreys towarde Paradise, and then it is midnight -in our countrey for the roundnesse of the earth, -for our Lorde made the earth all rounde in the middest -of y<sup>e</sup> fyrmament. Of Paradise can I not speake properly -for I haue not bene there, but that I haue heard I shall -tell you. Men say that Paradise terrestre is the highest -lande in all the worlde, and it is so high that it toucheth -nere to the cyrcle of the Mone, for it is so high y<sup>t</sup> Noes -floude might not come thereto which covered all the -earth about.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecpcii1" name="footnotecpcii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpcii1">1:</a> -Dark, murky.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. CIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>A lyttle of Paradise terrestre.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HIS Paradise terrestre is enclosed al about with a -wall, and that wall is all covered with mosse as it -semeth, y<sup>t</sup> men may see no stone nor nothing else whereof -it is, and in the highest place of Paradise in the middest -of it is a well that casteth out the foure flouds that run -through divers landes. The first floud is called Phison -or Ganges, and that runneth through Inde, in that river -are many precious stones and much <i>Lignum Aloes</i> & -gravel of golde. Another is called Nilus or Gison, and -y<sup>t</sup> runneth through Ethiope & Egipt. The third is called -Tigre & that runneth through Assyry & Armony the -great. And the fourth is called Eufrates, y<sup>t</sup> runneth -through Armony and Percy & men say that the sweete -and fresh waters of y<sup>e</sup> world take their springing of them. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page212" id="page212"></a>[pg 212]</span> -The first river is called Phison, that is to say, gathering -of many rivers together & faling into one, and some call -it Ganges, for a King y<sup>t</sup> was in Inde that men cal Gangeras, -for it runneth through his land & this river is in -some places cleane, in some places troble,<a id="footnotetagcpciii1" name="footnotetagcpciii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpciii1"><sup>1</sup></a> in some places -hot, in some places cold. The second river is called -Nilus or Gison, for it is ever trouble, for Gison is to say -troble. The third river is called Tigris that is to say -fast running, for it runneth faster than any of the other, -& so is a beast that men call Tigris for he runneth fast. -The fourth ryver is called Eufrates y<sup>t</sup> is to say well -bearing, for there groweth many good things upon that -ryver. And ye shall understande that no man living -may go unto y<sup>t</sup> Paradise, for by land he may not go for -wylde beastes which are in the wyldernesse, and for hylls -and rocks where no man may passe. Nor by those -ryvers may no man passe, for they come with so great -course and so great waves that no ship may saile against -them. Many great lordes haue essayed many times to -go by those rivers to Paradise, but they might not spede -in theyr way, for some dyed for werynesse of rowinge, -some waxt blynde and some defe for noise of the waters, -so no man may passe there but through speciall grace of -God—for I can tell you no more of that place. I shall -tell you of that I haue seene.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecpciii1" name="footnotecpciii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpciii1">1:</a> -Troubled or muddy.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"><a href="images/212-200.png"><img src="images/212-100.png" width="100" height="58" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page213" id="page213"></a>[pg 213]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. CIIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>How Prester Johns land lyeth foote against<a id="footnotetagcpciiii1" name="footnotetagcpciiii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpciiii1"><sup>1</sup></a> foote to -Englande.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HERE yles of the land of Prester John, they are -under the earth to us, & other yles are there whoso -wold pursue them for to environ the earth whoso had -grace of God to hold the waye, he mighte come right to -the same countreys that he were come of and come from -& so go about the earth, and for that it asketh so long -tyme, & also there are so many perils to passe that fewe -men assay to go so, and yet it might be done, & therefore -men come from these yles to other yles costing of -the lordship of Prester John, & men come in the coming -to one yle y<sup>t</sup> men cal Cassoy, & that country is nere Lx -journeys long & more than L of bredth, that is the best -land that is in those countreys saue Cathay & if marchants -came thither as commonly as they do to Cathay, -it would be better than Cathay, for it is so thick of cities -& towns y<sup>t</sup> when a man goeth out of a citie he seeth -another on eche side. There is great plenty of spices -and other goods. Ye king of this ile is rich & mighty -& he holdeth his land of y<sup>e</sup> great Caan for y<sup>t</sup> is one of -y<sup>e</sup> xii princes<a id="footnotetagcpciiii2" name="footnotetagcpciiii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpciiii2"><sup>2</sup></a> that the great Caan hath under him -beside his owne lande.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpciiii1" name="footnotecpciiii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpciiii1">1:</a> -Antipodes.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpciiii2" name="footnotecpciiii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpciiii2">2:</a> -Misprint for provinces.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page214" id="page214"></a>[pg 214]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. CV.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of the Kingedome of Ryboth.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM this yle men go another kyngdome that is -called Riboth, and that is also under y<sup>e</sup> great Caan. -This is a good countrey and plentious of corne, wine & -other things, men of this lande haue no houses but they -dwell in tentes made of tree. And the principall citie -of the countrey is all blacke made of black stones and -white and all the streetes are paved with such stones -and in the citie is no man so hardy to spil blood of man -ne beast, for worship of a mawment<a id="footnotetagcpcv1" name="footnotetagcpcv1"></a><a href="#footnotecpcv1"><sup>1</sup></a> that is worshiped -there. In that citie dwelleth the Pope of their lawe, -that they call Lopasse, and he giveth all dignities & -benefices that fall to y<sup>e</sup> mawmet. And men of religion -and men that haue churches in that countrey are obedient -to him as men here to the pope. In this yle they -haue a custome through all the countrey that when a -mans father is dead they wil do him great worship, they -send after all his friends, religious priests and many -other, and they beare the body to an hill with great Joy -and myrth, and whan it is there, the greatest prelate -smiteth of his head, & laieth it upon a great plate of -gold, or silver, and giveth it to his sonne and his son -taketh it to his other friends, singing and sayinge many -orysons,<a id="footnotetagcpcv2" name="footnotetagcpcv2"></a><a href="#footnotecpcv2"><sup>2</sup></a> and then the prestes and the religious men cut -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page215" id="page215"></a>[pg 215]</span> -the flesh of<a id="footnotetagcpcv3" name="footnotetagcpcv3"></a><a href="#footnotecpcv3"><sup>3</sup></a> the body in peces and say orysons, and the -byrds of the countrey come thether, for they know well -the custome, and they flye about them as they were -egles and other birds that eate flesh, and the priestes -cast the pieces unto them, and they beare it away a little -from thence and then they eate it, and as priestes in our -countrey sing for soules <i>subvenite sancti dei</i> and so forth, -so those prestes ther syng with high voyce in their language -in this maner wyse. Se and beholde how good -and gracious a man this was, that ye aungels of God -come for to fetch him & beare him into Paradise. And -then thinketh y<sup>e</sup> son of the same man that he is greatly -worshipped when birds haue eaten his father, and where -are most plenty of byrds, there is most worship. And -then cometh the sonne home with all his friendes, and -maketh them a great feast, the sonne maketh cleane his -fathers head and giveth them drynke thereof, & the -fleshe of the head he cutteth of, and giveth it to his -moste speciall fryends, some a lyttle, & some a lyttle, for -deynty. And in remembrance of this holy man that -the birds haue eaten, the sonne doth make a cuppe of -the scalpe<a id="footnotetagcpcv4" name="footnotetagcpcv4"></a><a href="#footnotecpcv4"><sup>4</sup></a> & thereof drinketh he all his life, in remembrance -of his father.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpcv1" name="footnotecpcv1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpcv1">1:</a> -A puppet or doll, or mammet—an idol—probably so called as a contraction for Mahomet.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpcv2" name="footnotecpcv2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpcv2">2:</a> -Prayers.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpcv3" name="footnotecpcv3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpcv3">3:</a> -Off.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpcv4" name="footnotecpcv4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpcv4">4:</a> -Skull.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"> -<a href="images/215-200.png"><img src="images/215-100.png" width="100" height="67" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page216" id="page216"></a>[pg 216]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. CVI.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>Of a rych man that is neyther king, prince, duke nor erle.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND from this men go ten journeys through the land -of the great Caan, which is a full good yle & a -great kingdom & the king is ful mighty. And in this -yle is a rich man which is no king, prince, Duke nor Erle, -but he hath eche yere cccc<a id="footnotetagcpcvi1" name="footnotetagcpcvi1"></a><a href="#footnotecpcvi1"><sup>1</sup></a> -thousand horses charged<a id="footnotetagcpcvi2" name="footnotetagcpcvi2"></a><a href="#footnotecpcvi2"><sup>2</sup></a> -with ryce and corne, and he hath a noble & a rich life -after the maner of the countrey, for he hath L damosels -that serve him every day at his meate & bed and do -what he wil. And when he sytteth at the table they -bring him meat, & at eche time fiue meates togither, and -they sing in the bringing a song, and they cut his meate -and put it in his mouth, and he hath righte long nayles -on his hands, that is a great nobility in that countrey & -therefore they let theyr nayles grow as long as they -may,<a id="footnotetagcpcvi3" name="footnotetagcpcvi3"></a><a href="#footnotecpcvi3"><sup>3</sup></a> and some let them growe so long that they come -about theyr handes and y<sup>t</sup> is a great nobility & gentry, -and the gentry of a woman is to haue small fete, and -therefore anon as they are borne, they binde their feete -so straight that they cannot wax halfe as they shoulde. -And he hath a full faire palaice, & rich, wher he dwelleth, -of which the wall is two myle about, & there is many faire -gardeins, and all the pavement of the hal, & chambres, -is of gold & silver, and in the midst of one of these -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page217" id="page217"></a>[pg 217]</span> -gardeins is a lyttle hyl, whereon is a place made wyth -toures and pynacles all of golde, and there he wyll syt -often to take the ayer and disport, for it is made for -nothing else. From this land men may go through y<sup>e</sup> -land of the great Caane.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpcvi1" name="footnotecpcvi1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpcvi1">1:</a> -Other editions say 300,000.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpcvi2" name="footnotecpcvi2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpcvi2">2:</a> -Loaded.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpcvi3" name="footnotecpcvi3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpcvi3">3:</a> -Similar to the Chinese custom of the upper classes.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. CVII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>How all these landes yles and kingdomes, and the men -therof afore rehersed, haue some of the articles of our -faith.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND ye shall understand that all these men & folke -that haue reason y<sup>t</sup> I haue spoken of, haue some -articles of our faith, all<a id="footnotetagcpcvii1" name="footnotetagcpcvii1"></a><a href="#footnotecpcvii1"><sup>1</sup></a> if they be of divers lawes and -divers beleves, yet they haue some good poynts of our -fayth, & they beleve in God of kinde as theyr prophecie -sayth, <i>Et metuent eum omnes fines terræ</i>, That is to say, -And all endes of the earth shall dread him. And in -another place, <i>Omnes gentes servient ei</i>, That is to say, -All folk shall serve him, but they cannot speak parfitly -but as theyr kyndly wit teacheth them, neither of the -Son nor of the Holy Ghost can they speake, but they -can speake well of the Byble, and specially of Genesis, -and of the bokes of Moyses. And they say that those -creatures y<sup>t</sup> they worship are no gods, but they worship -them for great vertue that is in them which may not be -without special grace of God, & of simulacre and ydoles, -they say that all men haue simulacres, and that, say -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page218" id="page218"></a>[pg 218]</span> -they, for us christen men haue ymages of our Lady & -other, but they wot not that we worship not the ymages -of stone nor of wood, but the saynts of whome they are -made, for as the letter teacheth clarkes how they shal -beleve, so ymages and paynture teacheth lewde<a id="footnotetagcpcvii2" name="footnotetagcpcvii2"></a><a href="#footnotecpcvii2"><sup>2</sup></a> men. -They say also that the aungell of God speaketh to them -in their ydoles & do miracles, they say soth,<a id="footnotetagcpcvii3" name="footnotetagcpcvii3"></a><a href="#footnotecpcvii3"><sup>3</sup></a> but it is -the evil aungell that doth myracles to maintaine them -in their ydolatrie.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1"><a id="footnotecpcvii1" name="footnotecpcvii1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpcvii1">1:</a> -Even.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotecpcvii2" name="footnotecpcvii2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpcvii2">2:</a> -Unlearned.</p> - -<p class="footnote1b"><a id="footnotecpcvii3" name="footnotecpcvii3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpcvii3">3:</a> -Truly.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. CVIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>How John Maundevyl leveth many mervailes unwrytten & -the cause wherefore.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HERE are many other countreys where I haue not -yet ben nor sene & therefore I can not speke properly -of them. Also in countreys where I haue bene are -many marvailes that I speke not of, for it were to long a -tale and therefore hold you payd at this time y<sup>t</sup> I haue -sayd, for I will say no more of mervailes that are there, -so that other men that go thither may fynde ynough for -to say that I haue not tolde.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;0"> -<a href="images/218-200.png"><img src="images/218-100.png" width="100" height="90" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page219" id="page219"></a>[pg 219]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>CAP. CIX.</h2> -</div> -<p class="title1"><i>What time John Maundevil departed out of England.</i></p> - -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND I John Maundevil that went out of my countrey -and passed the sea, the yeare of our lord <span class="sc">MCCCXXII</span> -and I haue passed through many landes and yles and -countreys, and now am come to rest. I haue compyled -this boke and do wryte it the yeare of our Lord -<span class="sc">MCCCLXVI</span> at <span class="sc">XXXIV</span> yeare after my departing from my -countrey, & for as much as many men beleve not that -they see with theyr eyen, or y<sup>t</sup> they may conceive & -know in their mynde, therefore I made my way to Rome -in my coming homewarde, to shew my boke to the holy -father the pope,<a id="footnotetagcpcix1" name="footnotetagcpcix1"></a><a href="#footnotecpcix1"><sup>1</sup></a> -and tell him of the mervayles y<sup>t</sup> I had -sene in diverse countreys; so that he with his wise -counsel wold examine it, with diverse folke y<sup>t</sup> are at -Rome, for there dwell men of all nations of the world, -and a lytle time after when he & his counsel had examined -it all through, he sayde to me for a certayne -that it was true for he sayd he had a boke of latin contayning -all that and much more, of y<sup>e</sup> which <i>Mappa -Mundi</i> is made, the which boke I saw, & therefore the -pope hath ratyfied & confirmed my boke in all poyntes. -And I pray to all those that rede this boke, that they -will pray for me and I shall pray for them, & all those -that say for me our Lord's prayer & that God forgive -me my sinnes, I make them parteners & graunt them -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page220" id="page220"></a>[pg 220]</span> -part of all my good pylgrimages and other good dedes -which I ever dyd or shall do to my lyves ende & I pray -to God of whome all grace cometh, that he will, all the -readers and hearers that are christen, fulfil with his -grace, and saue them body and soule & bring them to -his Joy that euer shall last. He that is in the Trinitie, -the Father, the Sonne, and the Holy Ghost, that liveth -& raigneth God without ende</p> - -<p class="centerc2">Amen</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote1a"><a id="footnotecpcix1" name="footnotecpcix1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagcpcix1">1:</a> -Urban V.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="centerf"> -<div class="contentf"> -<p>Imprinted at London in Breadstreat at the nether ende<br /> - <span class="ind">by Thomas East. An 1568</span><br /> - <span class="ind1">The 6 day of October</span></p> -</div></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px; padding-top: 10em; padding-bottom: 8em;"> -<a href="images/220-500.png"><img src="images/220-200.png" width="200" height="149" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page221" id="page221"></a>[pg 221]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a href="images/221-1000.png"><img src="images/221-600.png" width="600" height="119" alt="glyph" /></a></div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Here beginneth the journall of Frier Odoricus, one of the -order of the Minorites, concerning strange things which -hee sawe among the Tartars of the East.</i></h3></div> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/221-a-100.png" width="100" height="100" alt="A" /></div> -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="upper-case">ALBEIT</span> -many and sundry things are reported -by divers authors concerning the fashions -and conditions of this world: notwithstanding -I frier Odoricus of Friuli, de portu -Vahonis being desirous to travel unto the foreign and -remote nations of infidels, sawe and heard great and -miraculous things, which I am truly able to avouch. -First of al therefore sayling from Pera by Constantinople, -I arrived at Trapesunda.<a id="footnotetag1a1" name="footnotetag1a1"></a><a href="#footnote1a1"><sup>1</sup></a> This place is right -commodiously situate, as being an haven for the Persians -and Medes, and other countries beyonde the sea. In -this lande I behelde with very great delight a very strange -spectacle, namely a certain man leading about with him -more than foure thousande partriges. The man himselfe -walked upon the grounde, and the partriges flew in the -aire, which he ledde unto a certaine castle called Zavena, -being three days journey distant from Trapesunda. -The saide partriges were so tame, that when the man was -desirous to lie downe and rest, they would all come -flocking about him like chickens. And so hee led them -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page222" id="page222"></a>[pg 222]</span> -unto Trapesunda, and unto the palace of the Emperour, -who tooke as many of them as he pleased, and the reste -the saide man carried unto the place from whence he -came. In this citie lyeth the body of Athanasius, upon -the gate of the citie. And then I passed on further unto -Armenia major, to a citie called Azaron,<a id="footnotetag1a2" name="footnotetag1a2"></a><a href="#footnote1a2"><sup>2</sup></a> which had -been very rich in olde time, but nowe the Tartars haue -almost layde it waste. In the saide citie there was -abundance of bread and flesh, and of all other victuals -except wine and fruits. This citie also is very colde, -and is reported to be higher situated, then any other city -in the world. It hath most holesome and sweete waters -about it: for the veines of the saide waters seeme to -spring and flow from the mighty river of Euphrates, -which is but a dayes journey from the saide city. Also, -the saide citie stands directly in the way to Tauris.<a id="footnotetag1a3" name="footnotetag1a3"></a><a href="#footnote1a3"><sup>3</sup></a> -And I passed on unto a certaine mountaine called -Sobissacalo. In the foresaide countrey there is the very -same mountaine whereupon the Arke of Noah rested; -unto the which I would willingly haue ascended, if my -company would haue stayed for me. Howbeit the -people of that countrey report, that no man could euer -ascend the saide mountaine, because (say they) it -pleaseth not the highest God. And I travailed on further -unto Tauris that great and royal city, which was in olde -time called Susis. This city is accompted for traffique -of merchandize the chiefe citie of the world: for there -is no kinde of victuals, nor any thing else belonging unto -merchandize, which is not to be had there in great abundance. -This citie stands very commodiously: for unto -it all the nations of the whole worlde in a maner may -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page223" id="page223"></a>[pg 223]</span> -resort for traffique. Concerning the saide citie, the -Christians in those parts are of opinion, that the Persian -Emperour receives more tribute out of it, then the King -of France out of all his dominions. <i>Neare unto the saide -citie there is a salt-hill yeelding salt unto the city: and of -that salt ech man may take what pleaseth him, not paying -ought to any man therefor.</i> In this city many Christians -of all nations do inhabite, over whom the Saracens beare -rule in all things. Then I traveiled on further unto a -city called Soldania,<a id="footnotetag1a4" name="footnotetag1a4"></a><a href="#footnote1a4"><sup>4</sup></a> wherein the Persian Emperour -lieth all Sommer time: but in Winter hee takes his progresse -unto another city standing upon the sea called -Baku.<a id="footnotetag1a5" name="footnotetag1a5"></a><a href="#footnote1a5"><sup>5</sup></a> Also the foresaide city is very great and colde -having good and holesome waters therein, unto the -which also store of marchandize is brought. Moreover -I travelled with a certaine company of Caravans toward -upper India: and in the way, after many days journey, -I came unto the citie of the three wise men called -Cassan,<a id="footnotetag1a6" name="footnotetag1a6"></a><a href="#footnote1a6"><sup>6</sup></a> which is a noble and renowned city, saving that -the Tartars haue destroyed a great part thereof, and it -aboundeth in bread, wine, and many other commodities. -From this citie unto Jerusalem (whither the three foresaid -wisemen were miraculously led) it is fifty days -journey. There be many wonders in this citie also, -which for brevities sake, I omit. From thence I departed -unto a certain city called Geste, <i>whence the sea of -sand is distant one dayes journey, which is a most wonderful -and dangerous thing</i>. In this city there is abundance -of all kinds of victuals and especially of figs, raisins, and -grapes: more (as I suppose) then in any part of the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page224" id="page224"></a>[pg 224]</span> -whole world besides. This is one of the three principall -cities of all the Persian Empire. Of this city the -Saracens report, that no Christian can by any means -live therein above a yeere. Then passing many dayes -journey on forward, I came unto a certain city called -Comum<a id="footnotetag1a7" name="footnotetag1a7"></a><a href="#footnote1a7"><sup>7</sup></a> which was a huge and mightie citie in olde -time, conteyning well nigh fiftie miles in circuite, and -hath done in times past great damage unto the Romanes. -In it there are stately palaces altogether destitute of inhabitants, -notwithstanding it aboundeth with great store -of victuals. From hence travailing through many -countreys, at length I came unto the land of Job called -Hus, which is full of all kinde of victuals and very pleasantly -situated. Thereabouts are certaine mountaines -having good pastures for cattell upon them. Here also -Manna is found in great aboundance. Four partriges -are here solde for lesse than a groat. In this countrey -there are most comely olde men. Here also the men -spin and card, and not the women. This land bordereth -upon the North part of Chaldea.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote1a1" name="footnote1a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag1a1">1:</a> -Trebizonde.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote1a2" name="footnote1a2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag1a2">2:</a> -Erzeroum.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote1a3" name="footnote1a3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag1a3">3:</a> -Tauris, a city of Persia.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote1a4" name="footnote1a4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag1a4">4:</a> -Or Sultania.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote1a5" name="footnote1a5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag1a5">5:</a> -The Caspian Sea.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote1a6" name="footnote1a6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag1a6">6:</a> -Or Cassibin.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote1a7" name="footnote1a7"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag1a7">7:</a> -Como.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of the maners of the Chaldeans, and of India.</i><a name="page224a" id="page224a"></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>ROM thence I traveled into Chaldæa, which is a -great kingdome and I passed by the tower of -Babel. This region hath a language peculiar unto -itselfe, and there are beautiful men and deformed -women. <i>The men of the same countrey used to haue their -haire kempt, and trimmed like unto our women: and they</i> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page225" id="page225"></a>[pg 225]</span> -<i>weare golden turbants upon their heads richly set with -pearle, and pretious stones. The women are clad in a -course smock onely reaching to their knees and having long -sleeves hanging downe to the ground.</i> And they goe barefooted, -wearing breeches which reach to the ground also. -They weare no attire upon their heads, but their haire -hangs disheaveled about their eares: and there be many -other strange things also. From thence I came into the -lower India, which the Tartars overran & wasted. And -in this countrey the people eat dates for the most part, -whereof 42 li are there sold for lesse than a groat. I -passed further also many dayes journey unto the Ocean -Sea & the first lande where I arrived, is called Ormes,<a id="footnotetag2a1" name="footnotetag2a1"></a><a href="#footnote2a1"><sup>1</sup></a> -being well fortified, and having great store of merchandize -and treasure therein. Here also they use a kinde -of Bark or shippe called Jase, being compact together -onely with hempe. And I went on board into one of -them, wherein I could not finde any yron at all, and in -the space of 28 days I arrived at the city of Thana,<a id="footnotetag2a2" name="footnotetag2a2"></a><a href="#footnote2a2"><sup>2</sup></a> -wherein foure of our friers were martyred for the faith -of Christ. This countrey is well situate having abundance -of bread and wine, and of other victuals therein. -This Kingdome in olde time was very large and under the -dominion of King Porus, who fought a great battell with -Alexander the great. The people of this countrey are -idolaters worshipping fire, serpents and trees. And ouer -all this land the Saracens do beare rule, who tooke it by -maine force, and they themselues are in subjection unto -King Daldilus. There be divers kinds of beasts, as -namely blacke lyons in great abundance, and apes also, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page226" id="page226"></a>[pg 226]</span> -and monkeis, and battes as bigge as our doves. And -there are mise as bigge as our countrey dogs, and therefore -they are hunted with dogs, because cats are not -able to encounter them. Moreouer in the same countrey -every man hath a bundle of great boughs standing in a -water-pot before his doore, which bundle is as great as a -pillar, and it will not wither, so long as water is applied -thereunto: with many other novelties and strange things, -the relation whereof would breed great delight.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote2a1" name="footnote2a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag2a1">1:</a> -Ormus.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote2a2" name="footnote2a2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag2a2">2:</a> -Thana, whereof Frederick Cæsar maketh mention.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>How peper is had: and where it groweth.</i><a name="page226a" id="page226a"></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">M</span>OREOUER, that it may be manifest how peper -is had, it is to be understood that it groweth in a -certaine kingdome whereat I myself arrived, being called -Minibar,<a id="footnotetag3a1" name="footnotetag3a1"></a><a href="#footnote3a1"><sup>1</sup></a> and it is not so plentifull in any other part of -the worlde as it is there. For the wood wherein it -growes conteineth in circuit 18 dayes journey. And in -the said wood or forrest there are two cities one called -Flandrina,<a id="footnotetag3a2" name="footnotetag3a2"></a><a href="#footnote3a2"><sup>2</sup></a> and the other Cyncilim. In Flandrina both -Jewes & Christians doe inhabite, betweene whom there -is often contention and warre: howbeit the Christians -overcome the Jewes at all times. In the foresaid wood -pepper is had after this maner: first it groweth in leaves -like unto pot-hearbes, which they plant neere unto great -trees as we do our vines, and they bring forth pepper in -clusters, as our vines doe yeeld grapes, but being ripe, -they are of a green colour, and are gathered as we -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page227" id="page227"></a>[pg 227]</span> -gather grapes, and then the graines are layd in the -Sunne to be dried, and being dried are put into earthen -vessels: and thus is pepper made and kept. Now, in -the same wood there be many rivers, wherein are great -store of Crocodiles, and of other serpents, which the inhabitants -of that countrey do burne up with strawe and -with other dry fewel, and so they go to gather their -pepper without danger. At the South End of the said -forrest stands the city of Polumbrum,<a id="footnotetag3a3" name="footnotetag3a3"></a><a href="#footnote3a3"><sup>3</sup></a> which aboundeth -with marchandize of all kinds. All the inhabitants of -that countrey do worship a living oxe, as their god, whom -they put to labour for sixe yeres, and in the seventh yere -they cause him to rest from al his worke, placing him in -a solemne and publique place: and calling him an holy -beast. <i>Moreouer they use this foolish ceremonie: Every -morning they take two basons, either of silver or of gold, -and with one they receive the urine of the oxe, and with the -other his dung. With the urine they wash their face, their -eyes, and all their fiue senses. Of the dung they put into -both their eyes, then they anoint the bals of their cheeks -therewith, and thirdly their breast: and then they say that -they are sanctified for all that day: And as the people -doe, euen so doe their king and Queene.</i> This people worshippeth -also a dead idole which from the navel upward, -resembleth a man, and from the navel downward an oxe. -The very same Idol delivers oracles unto them, and -sometimes requireth the blood of fourtie virgins for his -hire. And therefore the men of that region do consecrate -their daughters and their sonnes unto their idols, -euen as Christians do their children unto some Religion -or Saint in heaven. Likewise they sacrifice their sonnes -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page228" id="page228"></a>[pg 228]</span> -and their daughters, and so, much people is put to death -before the said Idol by reason of that accursed ceremony. -Also, many other hainous and abominable villainies -doeth that brutish beastly people commit: and I -saw many more strange things among them which I -meane not here to insert. Another most vile custome -the foresaide nation doeth retaine: <i>for when any man -dieth they burne his dead corpse to ashes: and if his wife -surviveth him, her they burne quicke, because (say they) she -shall accompany her husband in his tilthe and husbandry, -when he is come unto a new worlde. Howbeit the said -wife having children by her husband, may if she will, remaine -still alive with them, without shame or reproche: -notwithstanding, for the most part, they all of them make -choice to be burnt with their husbands.</i> Now, albeit the -wife dieth before her husband, that law bindeth not the -husband to any such inconvenience but he may marry -another wife also. <i>Likewise, ye said nation hath another -strange custome, in that their women drink wine, but their -men do not. Also the women haue the lids & brows of their -eyes & beards shaven, but the men haue not</i>: with many -other base and filthie fashions which the said women -do use contrary to the nature of their sexe. From that -kingdome I traveiled 10 daies journey unto another -kingdome called Mobar,<a id="footnotetag3a4" name="footnotetag3a4"></a><a href="#footnote3a4"><sup>4</sup></a> which containeth many cities. -Within a certaine church of the same countrey, the -body of S. Thomas the Apostle is interred, the very -same church being full of idols: and in 15 houses round -about the said Church there dwell certaine priests who -are Nestorians, that is to say, false, and bad Christians -and schismatiques.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote3a1" name="footnote3a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag3a1">1:</a> -Malabar.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote3a2" name="footnote3a2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag3a2">2:</a> -Or Alandrina.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote3a3" name="footnote3a3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag3a3">3:</a> -<i>Query</i>, whether this is not <i>Kaulam</i> or <i>Ballád-ul-Falfal</i>, the Pepper Country, or Malabar, latinized into Columbum or Columbus.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote3a4" name="footnote3a4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag3a4">4:</a> -Malabar.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page229" id="page229"></a>[pg 229]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of a strange and uncouth idole: & of certaine customes and ceremonies.</i></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>N the kingdome of Mobar there is a wonderfull -strange idole, being made after the shape and resemblance -of a man, as big as the image of our Christopher, -& consisting all of most pure and glittering gold. And -about the necke thereof hangeth a silke riband, ful of -most rich & precious stones, some one of which is of -more value than a whole kingdome. The house of this -idol is all of beaten gold, namely the roofe, the pavement, -and the sieling of the wall within and without. -Unto this idol the Indians go on pilgrimage, as we do -unto St. Peter. Some go with halters about their necks, -some with their hands bound behind them, some with -knives sticking on their armes or legs: and if after their -peregrination, the flesh of their wounded arme festereth -or corrupteth, they esteeme that limme to be holy, & -thinke that their God is wel pleased with them. <i>Neare -unto the temple of that idol is a lake made by men in an -open and common place, whereinto the pilgrimes cast gold, -silver and precious stones, for the honour of the idol and the -repairing of his temple. And therefore when anything is -to be adorned or mended, they go unto this lake taking up -the treasure which was cast in. Moreouer at euery yerely -feast of the making or repairing of the said idol, the king -and queene, with the whole multitude of the people, & all -the pilgrimes assemble themselues, & placing the said idol -in a most stately & rich chariot, they cary him out of their -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page230" id="page230"></a>[pg 230]</span> -temple with songs, & with all kinds of musical harmonie, -and a great companie of virgins go procession-wise two and -two in a rank singing before him. Many pilgrims also put -themselves under the chariot wheeles, to the end that their -false god may go ouer them, and al they ouer whom the -chariot runneth, are crushed in pieces, & divided asunder -in the midst, and slaine right out. Yea, & in doing this, -they think themselves to die most holily & securely, in the -service of their god.</i> And by this meanes every yere, -there die under the said filthy idol, mo then 500 persons, -whose carcases are burned, and their ashes are kept for -reliques, because they died in that sort for their god. -Moreover they haue another detestable ceremony. For -when any man offers to die in the service of his false god, -his parents & all his friends assemble themselues together -with a consort of musicians, making him a great & -solemne feast: which feast being ended, they hang 5 -sharpe knifes about his neck carrying him before the idol -& so soone as he is come thither, he taketh one of his -knives crying with a loud voice, For the worship of my -god do I cut this my flesh, and then he casteth the morsel -which is cut, at y<sup>e</sup> face of his idol: but at the very -last wound wherewith he murthereth himselfe, he uttereth -these words: "Now do I yeeld myself to death in the -behalfe of my god" and being dead his body is burned, -& is esteemed by al men to be holy. The king of the -said region is most rich in silver, gold, and precious -stones, & there be the fairest unions in al the world.</p> - -<p>Traveling from thence by the Ocean sea 50 daies -journey southward, I came unto a certaine land named -Lammori,<a id="footnotetag4a1" name="footnotetag4a1"></a><a href="#footnote4a1"><sup>1</sup></a> where, <i>in regard of extreeme heat, the people</i> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page231" id="page231"></a>[pg 231]</span> -<i>both men and women go stark-naked from top to toe: who -seeing me apparelled, scoffed at me, saying that God made -Adam and Eve naked. In this countrey al women are -common, so that no man can say, this is my wife. Also when -any of the said women beareth a son or a daughter, she -bestowes it upon anyone that hath lien with her, whom she -pleaseth. Likewise al the land of that region is possessed -in common, so that there is not mine & thine, or any propriety -of possession in the division of lands: howbeit euery -man hath his owne house peculiar unto himselfe.</i> Mans -flesh, if it be fat, is eaten as ordinarily there as beefe in -our countrey. And albeit the people are most lewd, yet -the countrey is exceeding good, abounding with al commodities, -as fleshe, corne, rise, silver, gold, wood of aloes, -Camphir, and many other things. Marchants coming -unto this region for traffique do usually bring with them -fat men, selling them unto the inhabitants as we sel hogs, -who immediately kil and eat them. In this island -towards the south, there is another kingdome called -Simoltra,<a id="footnotetag4a2" name="footnotetag4a2"></a><a href="#footnote4a2"><sup>2</sup></a> where both men and women marke themselves -with red-hot yron in 12 sundry spots of their faces: and -this nation is at continual warre with certaine naked -people in another region. Then I traveled further unto -another island called Java, the compasse whereof by sea -is 3000 miles. The king of this Iland hath 7 other -crowned kings under his jurisdiction. The said Island -is throughly inhabited & is thought to be one of the -principall Ilands of y<sup>e</sup> whole world. In the same Iland -there groweth great plenty of cloves, cubibez, and nutmegs, -and in a word all kinds of spices are there to be -had, and great aboundance of all victuals except wine. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page232" id="page232"></a>[pg 232]</span> -The king of the said Iland of Java hath a brave and -sumptuous pallace, the most loftily built, that euer I saw -any, & it hath most high greeses<a id="footnotetag4a3" name="footnotetag4a3"></a><a href="#footnote4a3"><sup>3</sup></a> and stayers to ascend -up into the roomes therein contained, one stayre being -of silver, & another of gold, throughout the whole building. -Also the lower roomes were paved all ouer with one -square plate of silver, & another of gold. All the walls -upon the inner side were seeled ouer with plates of gold, -wherupon were ingraven y<sup>e</sup> pictures of knights, having -about their temples, ech of them a wreath of golde, -adorned with precious stones. The roofe of the palace -was of pure gold. With this King of Java the great -Can of Catay hath had many conflicts in war; whom -notwithstanding the said king hath always overcome -and vanquished.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote4a1" name="footnote4a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag4a1">1:</a> -Perhaps he meaneth Cammori.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote4a2" name="footnote4a2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag4a2">2:</a> -Sumatra.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote4a3" name="footnote4a3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag4a3">3:</a> -Steps.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of certaine trees yeelding meale, honey, and poyson.</i><a name="page232a" id="page232a"></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">N</span>EERE unto the said Iland is another countrey -called Panten, or Tathalamasin.<a id="footnotetag5a1" name="footnotetag5a1"></a><a href="#footnote5a1"><sup>1</sup></a> And the king -of the same countrey hath many Ilands under his dominion. -In this land there are trees yeelding meale, hony, -& wine & the most deadly poison in all y<sup>e</sup> whole world: -for against it there is but one only remedy: & that is -this: if any man hath taken of y<sup>e</sup> poyson, & would be -delivered from the danger thereof, let him temper the -dung of a man in water, & so drinke a good quantitie -thereof, & it expels the poyson immediatly, making it -to avoid at the fundament. Meale is produced out of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page233" id="page233"></a>[pg 233]</span> -the said trees after this maner. They be mighty huge -trees and when they are cut with an axe by the ground, -there issueth out of the stock a certain licour like unto -gumme, which they take and put into bags made of -leaues, laying them for 15 days together abroad in -the sunne, & at the end of those 15 dayes, when the -said licour is throughly parched, it becometh meale. -Then they steepe it first in sea water, washing it afterward -with fresh water, and so it is made very good & -savorie paste, whereof they make either meat or bread, -as they thinke good. Of which bread I my selfe did -eate, & it is fayrer without & somewhat browne within. -By this countrey is the sea called Mare mortuum, which -runneth continually Southward, into y<sup>e</sup> which whosoever -falleth in (<i>is</i>) never seene after. In this countrey also are -found canes of an incredible length, namely of 60 -paces high or more, & they are as bigge as trees. Other -canes there be also called Cassan,<a id="footnotetag5a2" name="footnotetag5a2"></a><a href="#footnote5a2"><sup>2</sup></a> which overspread the -earth like grasse, & out of euery knot of them spring -foorth certaine branches, which are continued upon the -ground almost for the space of a mile. In the said canes -there are found certaine stones, one of which stones, whosoever -carryeth about with him, cannot be wounded with -any yron: & therefore the men of that countrey for the -most part, carry such stones with them, whithersoever -they goe. Many also cause one of the armes of their -children, while they are yong, to be launced, putting one -of the said stones into the wound, healing also, and -closing up the said wound with the powder of a certaine -fish (the name whereof I do not know) which powder -doth immediatly consolidate and cure the said wounde. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page234" id="page234"></a>[pg 234]</span> -And by the virtue of these stones the people aforesaid -doe for the most part triumph both on sea and land. -Howbeit there is one kinde of stratageme, which the -enemies of this nation, knowing the vertue of the sayd -stones, doe practise against them: namely, they provide -themselues armour of yron or steele against their arrowes, -& weapons also poisoned with the poyson of trees & -they carry in their hands wooden stakes most sharpe and -hard pointed, as if they were yron: likewise they shoot -arrowes without yron heads, & so they confound and -slay some of their unarmed foes trusting too securely -unto the vertue of their stones. Also of the foresayd -canes called Cassan they make sayles for their ships, and -litel houses, and many other necessaries. From thence -after many dayes travell, I arrived at another kingdome -called Campa, a most beautiful and rich countrey, & -abounding with all kind of victuals: the king whereof, -at my being there, had so many wives & concubines, that -he had 300 sonnes & daughters by them. This king -hath 10004 tame Elephants, which are kept even as we -keepe droves of oxen or flocks of sheepe in pasture.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote5a1" name="footnote5a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag5a1">1:</a> -<i>Query</i>, The Tathsiaulu of Marco Polo, or Thibet.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote5a2" name="footnote5a2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag5a2">2:</a> -An exaggeration for bamboos.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of the abundance of fishes, which cast themselues upon the -shore.</i><a name="page234a" id="page234a"></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>N this countrey there is one strange thing to be observed, -y<sup>t</sup> euery several kind of fishes in those seas -come swimming towards the said countrey in such abundance, -that, for a great distance into the sea, nothing can -be seene but the backes of fishes: <i>which casting themselues -upon the shore when they come neere unto it, do suffer -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page235" id="page235"></a>[pg 235]</span> -men, for the space of 3 daies to come & take as many of -them as they please, & then they return again to the sea. -After that kind of fishes comes another kind, offering itselfe -after the same maner, & so in like sort all other kinds -whatsoever: notwithstanding they do this but once in a -year. And I demaunded of the inhabitants there how, or -by what meanes this strange accident could come to passe: -They answered, that fishes were taught, even by nature to -come and do homage unto their Emperour.</i> There be Tortoises -also as bigge as an oven. Many other things I -saw which are incredible, unlesse a man should see them -with his own eies. In this countrey also dead men are -burned, & their wives are burned aliue with them, as -in the city of Polumbrum aboue mentioned: for the men -of that countrey say that she goeth to accompany him -in another world, that he should take none other wife in -mariage. Moreouer I traveled on further by the ocean-sea -towards the South, & passed through many countries -and islands, whereof one is called Moumoran, & it containeth -in compasse ii. M miles, wherein men & women -haue dogs faces, and worship an oxe for their god: and -therefore euery one of them cary the image of an oxe -of gold or silver upon their foreheads. The men & -women of this country go all naked, saving that they -hang a linen cloth round their loins. The men of the -said country are very tall and mighty, and by reason -that they goe naked, when they are to make battell, -they cary yron or steele-targets before them, which do -cover and defend their bodies from top to toe: and -whomsoever of their foes they take in battel not being -able to ransome himselfe for money, they presently devoure -him: but if he be able to redeeme himselfe for -money, they let him go free. Their king weareth about -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page236" id="page236"></a>[pg 236]</span> -his necke 300 great & most beautiful unions,<a id="footnotetag6a1" name="footnotetag6a1"></a><a href="#footnote6a1"><sup>1</sup></a> and saith -euery day 300 prayers unto his god. He weareth upon -his finger also a stone of a span long, which seemeth to -be a flame of fire, and therefore when he weareth it, no -man dare approach unto him: and they say that there is -not any stone in the whole world of more value than it. -Neither could at any time the great Tartarian Emperour -of Katay either by force, money, or policie obtain it at -his hands, notwithstanding that he hath done the utmost -of his indeavour for this purpose.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote6a1" name="footnote6a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag6a1">1:</a> -Large and fine pearls.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of the Island of Sylan: and of the mountaine where Adam -mourned for his sonne Abel.</i><a name="page236a" id="page236a"></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span> PASSED by also another island called Sylan,<a id="footnotetag7a1" name="footnotetag7a1"></a><a href="#footnote7a1"><sup>1</sup></a> which -conteineth in compasse aboue ii M miles, wherin -are an infinit number of serpents, & great store of lions, -beares, & al kinds of ravening & wild beasts, and especially -of elephants. In the said countrey there is an -huge mountaine, whereupon the inhabitants of that -region do report that Adam mourned for his son Abel y<sup>e</sup> -space of 500 yeres. In the midst of this mountaine -there is a most beautiful plain, wherin is a litle lake conteining -great plenty of water, which water y<sup>e</sup> inhabitants -report to haue proceeded from the teares of Adam & -Eve: howbeit I proved that to be false, because I saw -the water flow in the lake. This water is ful of hors-leeches, -& blood suckers, & of precious stones also, which -precious stones the king taketh not unto his owne use, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page237" id="page237"></a>[pg 237]</span> -but once or twise euery yere he permitteth certaine -poore people to diue under water for ye said stones -& al that they may get he bestoweth upon them, to the -end that they may pray for his soule. But y<sup>t</sup> they may -with less danger dive under water, they take limons<a id="footnotetag7a2" name="footnotetag7a2"></a><a href="#footnote7a2"><sup>2</sup></a> -which they pil,<a id="footnotetag7a3" name="footnotetag7a3"></a><a href="#footnote7a3"><sup>3</sup></a> anointing themselves with the juice -thereof, & so they may diue naked under y<sup>e</sup> water, the -hors-leeches not being able to hurt them. From this -lake the water runneth even unto the sea, and at a low -ebbe the inhabitants dig rubies, diamonds & perles, and -other precious stones out of the shore: wherupon it is -thought, that ye king of this island hath greater abundance -of pretious stones, then any other monarch in the -whole earth besides. In the said countrey there be all -kinds of beastes and foules: & the people told me, that -those beasts would not invade nor hurt any stranger but -only the natural inhabitants.</p> - -<p><i>I saw in this island fouls as big as our countrey geese, -having two heads, and other miraculous things, which I -will not here write off. Traveling on further South, I -arrived at a certaine island called Bodin,</i><a id="footnotetag7a4" name="footnotetag7a4"></a><a href="#footnote7a4"><sup>4</sup></a> <i>which signifieth -in our language unclean. In this island there do inhabit -most wicked persons, who devour & eate rawe flesh, committing -all kinds of uncleannes & abominations in such -sort, as it is incredible. For the father eateth his son, & -the son his father, the husband his owne wife & the wife -her husband: & that after this maner. If any mans -father be sick, the son straight goes unto the sooth-saying or -prognosticating priest, requesting him to demand of his -god, whether his father shall recover from his infirmity or -no; Then both of them go unto an idol of gold or silver,</i> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page238" id="page238"></a>[pg 238]</span> -<i>making their prayers unto it in maner folowing: Lord, -thou art our god, & thee we do adore, beseeching thee to -resolve us, whether such a man must die, or recover of such -an infirmity or no: Then the divel answereth out of y<sup>e</sup> -aforesaide idol: if he saieth (he shal liue) then returneth -his son and ministreth things necessary unto him til he -hath attained unto his former health: but if he saith (he -shall die) then goes y<sup>e</sup> priest unto him, & putting a cloth -into his mouth doth strangle him therewith: which being -done, he cuts his dead body into morsels, & al his friends -and kinsfolk are invited unto the eating thereof, with -musique & all kinde of mirth: howbeit his bones are -solemnely buried.</i> And when I found fault with that -custome demanding a reason thereof, one of them gaue -me this answere; this we doe lest the wormes should eat -his flesh, for then his soule should suffer great torments, -neither could I by any meanes remoove them from that -errour. Many other novelties and strange things there -bee in this countrey, which no man would credite, unles -he saw them with his owne eyes. Howbeit, I (before -almighty God) do here make relation of nothing but of -that onely, whereof I am as sure, as a man may be sure. -Concerning the foresaid islands, I enquired of divers wel-experienced -persons, who al of them, as it were with one -consent, answered me saying, that this India contained -4400 islands under it, or within it, in which islands there -are sixty and foure crowned kings: and they say moreouer, -that the greater part of those islands are wel inhabited. -And here I conclude concerning that part of -India.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote7a1" name="footnote7a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag7a1">1:</a> -Ceylon.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote7a2" name="footnote7a2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag7a2">2:</a> -Lemons.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote7a3" name="footnote7a3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag7a3">3:</a> -Peel.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote7a4" name="footnote7a4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag7a4">4:</a> -Or Dadin.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page239" id="page239"></a>[pg 239]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of the upper India: and of the province of Mancy.</i><a id="footnotetag8a1" name="footnotetag8a1"></a><a href="#footnote8a1"><sup>1</sup></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>IRST of al therefore, having traveled many dayes -journey upon the Ocean-sea towards the East, at -length I arrived at a certaine great province called -Mancy, being in Latine named India. Concerning this -India I inquired of Christians, of Saracens, & of Idolaters, -and of al such as bare an office under the great -Can; who all of them with one consent answered, that -this province of Mancy hath mo then 2000 great cities -within the precincts thereof & that it aboundeth with -all plenty of victuals, as namely with bread, wine, rise, -flesh, and fish. All the men of this province be artificers -& marchants, who, though they be in never so extreme -penurie, so long as they can help themselues by the -labor of their handes, will neuer beg almes of any man. -The men of this province are of a faire and comely personage, -but somewhat pale, having their heads shaven -but a little, but the women are the most beautiful under -the sunne. The first city of the said India which I -came unto, is called Ceuskalon, which being a daies -journey distant from the sea, stands upon a river, the -water whereof, nere unto the mouth, where it exonerateth -it selfe into the sea, doth overflow the land for -the space of 12 daies journey. All the inhabitants of -this India are worshippers of idols. The foresaid city -of Ceuskalon hath such an huge navy belonging thereunto, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page240" id="page240"></a>[pg 240]</span> -that no man would beleeve it unlesse he should see -it. In this city I saw 300 li of good and new ginger -sold for lesse than a groat. There are the greatest, and -the fairest geese, & most plenty of them to be sold in -al the world, as I suppose: they are as white as milke, -& haue a bone upon the crowne of their heads, as bigge -as an egge, being of the colour of blood: under the -throat they haue a skin or bag hanging down halfe a -foot. They are exceeding fat and wel sold. Also they -haue ducks and hens in that countrey, one as big as two -of ours. There be monstrous great serpents likewise, -which are taken by the inhabitants & eaten; whereupon -a solemne feast among them without serpents is not -set by.</p> - -<p>And to be briefe, in this city there are al kinds of -victuals in great abundance. From thence I passed by -many cities & at length I came unto a citie named -Caitan,<a id="footnotetag8a2" name="footnotetag8a2"></a><a href="#footnote8a2"><sup>2</sup></a> wherein ye friers Minorites haue two places of -abode, unto which I transported the bones of the dead -friers, which suffered martyrdom for the faith of Christ, -as it is aboue mentioned. In this citie there is abundance -of al kind of victuals very cheap. The said city -is as big as two of Bononia,<a id="footnotetag8a3" name="footnotetag8a3"></a><a href="#footnote8a3"><sup>3</sup></a> & in it are many monasteries -of religious persons, al which do worship idols.</p> - -<p>I myselfe was in one of those monasteries, & it was -told me, that there were in it <span class="sc">III M</span> religious men, having -<span class="sc">XI M</span> idols; and one of y<sup>e</sup> said idols which seemed unto -me but litle in regard of the rest, was as big as our -Christopher. These religious men euery day do feed -their idol-gods: wherupon at a certaine time I went to -behold the banquet: and indeed those things which they -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page241" id="page241"></a>[pg 241]</span> -brought unto them were good to eate, & fuming hote -insomuch that the steam of the smoke thereof ascended -up unto their idols, and they said that their gods were -refreshed with the smoke: howbeit all the meat they -conveyed away, eating it up their owne selves, and so -they fed their dumb gods with the smoke only.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote8a1" name="footnote8a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag8a1">1:</a> -Or China.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote8a2" name="footnote8a2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag8a2">2:</a> -Thsiuanchau or Chiuchau, the great mediæval port of China.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote8a3" name="footnote8a3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag8a3">3:</a> -Bologna.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of the citie of Fuco.</i><a name="page241a" id="page241a"></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>RAVELING more eastward, I came unto a city -named Fuco,<a id="footnotetag9a1" name="footnotetag9a1"></a><a href="#footnote9a1"><sup>1</sup></a> which containeth 30 miles in circuit, -wherein be exceeding great & faire cocks, <i>and al their -hens are as white as the very snow, having wool in stead of -feathers, like unto sheep</i>. It is a most stately & beautiful -city & standeth up the sea. Then I went 18 daies -journey on further, & passed by many provinces & cities, -and in the way I went over a certain great mountaine, -upon ye one side whereof I beheld al living creatures to -be as black as a cole, & the men and women on that -side differed somewhat in maner of living from others; -howbeit, on the other side of the said hil every living -thing was snow-white & the inhabitants in their maner -of living, were altogether unlike unto others. There, al -maried women cary in token that they haue husbands, a -great trunk of horne upon their heads. From thence I -traveled 18 dayes journey further and came unto a certaine -great river, and entered also into a city, whereunto -belongeth a mighty bridge to passe the said river. And -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page242" id="page242"></a>[pg 242]</span> -mine hoste with whom I sojourned, being desirous to -show me some sport, said unto me, Sir, if you will see -any fish taken, goe with me. Then hee led me unto the -foresaid bridge, carrying in his armes certain dive-doppers<a id="footnotetag9a2" name="footnotetag9a2"></a><a href="#footnote9a2"><sup>2</sup></a> -or water-foules, bound unto a company of poles, and -about every one of their necks he tied a thread, lest they -should eat the fish as fast as they took them: and he -carried three great baskets with him also; then loosed -he the dive-doppers from the poles, which presently went -into the water, & within lesse then the space of one -houre, caught as many fishes as filled the 3 baskets: -which being full, mine hoste untied the threeds from -about their neckes, and entering a second time into the -river they fed themselves with fish, and being satisfied -they returned and suffered themselves to be bound unto -the said poles as they were before. And when I did -eate of those fishes, we thought they were exceeding -good. Travailing thence many dayes journeys, at length -I arrived at another city called Canasia,<a id="footnotetag9a3" name="footnotetag9a3"></a><a href="#footnote9a3"><sup>3</sup></a> which signifieth -in our language, the city of heaven. Never in all my -life did I see so great a city: for it containeth in circuit -an hundreth miles; neither sawe I any plot thereof, -which was not throughly inhabited: yea, I sawe many -houses of tenne or twelve stories high, one aboue the -other. It hath mightie large suburbs containing more -people then the citie it selfe. Also it hath twelue principall -gates: and about the distance of 8 miles, in the -high way unto euery one of the saide gates standeth a -city as big by estimation as Venice, and Padua. The -aforesaide city of Canasia is situated in waters or -marshes, which always stand still, neither ebbing nor -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page243" id="page243"></a>[pg 243]</span> -flowing: howbeit it hath a defence for the winde like -unto Venice. In this citie there are mo than 10002 -bridges, many whereof I numbered and passed over -them: and upon every of those bridges stand certaine -watchmen of the citie, keeping continuall ward and -watch about the saide citie, the great Can the Emperour -of Catay. The people of this countrey say, that they -haue one duetie injoyned unto them by their lord: for -euery fire payeth one Balis in regard of tribute: and a -Balis is five papers or pieces of silk, which are worth one -floren and an halfe of our coine. Tenne or twelue housholds -are accompted for one fire, and so pay tribute but -for one fire only. Al those tributary fires amount unto -the number of 85 Thuman, with other foure Thuman of -the Saracens, which make 89 in al: And one Thuman -consisteth of 10000 fires. The residue of the people of -the city are some of them Christians, some marchants, -and some traveilers through the countrey. Whereupon -I marveiled much how such an infinite number of persons -could inhabite and liue together. There is great -aboundance of victuals in this city, as namely of bread -and wine, and especially of hogs-flesh with other necessaries.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote9a1" name="footnote9a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag9a1">1:</a> -Probably Fuchau in Fokien.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote9a2" name="footnote9a2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag9a2">2:</a> -Cormorants.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote9a3" name="footnote9a3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag9a3">3:</a> -Now Hangchau.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of a Monastery where many strange beastes of divers -kindes doe live upon an hill.</i><a name="page243a" id="page243a"></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>N the foresaide citie foure of our friers had converted -a mighty and rich man unto the faith of Christ, at -whose house I continually abode, for so long time as I -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page244" id="page244"></a>[pg 244]</span> -remained in the citie, Who upon a certain time said unto -me: Ara, that is to say, Father, will you go and behoulde -the citie? And I said, yea. Then embarked we ourselves, -and directed our course unto a certaine great -Monastery: where being arrived, he called a religious -person with whom he was acquainted, saying unto him -concerning me: this Raban Francus, that is to say, this -religious Frenchman commeth from the Westerne parts -of the world and therefore you must show him some rare -things, that when he returnes into his owne countrey, he -may say, this strange sight or novelty haue I seene in -the citie of Canasia. Then the said religious man tooke -two greate baskets full of broken reliques which remained -of the table, & led me unto a little walled parke, the -doore whereof he unlocked with his key, and there appeared -unto us a pleasant faire green plot, into the which -we entred. In the said greene stands a litle mount in -forme of a steeple, replenished with fragrant herbes, and -fine shady trees. And while we stood there, he tooke a -cymbal or bell, and rang therewith, as they used to ring -to dinner or bevoir in cloisters, at the sound whereof -many creatures of divers kindes came downe from the -mount, some like apes, some like cats, some like monkeys, -and some having faces like men. And while I -stood beholding of them, they gathered themselves -together about him, to the number of 4200 of those -creatures, putting themselues in good order, before whom -he set a platter, and gaue them the saide fragments to -eate. And when they had eaten he rang upon his cymbal -the second time, and they all returned unto their -former places. Then, wondring greatly at the matter, I -demanded what kind of creatures those might be? They -are (quoth he) the Soules of noble men which we do -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page245" id="page245"></a>[pg 245]</span> -here feed, for the love of God who governeth the world: -and as a man was honorable or noble in this life, so his -soule after death, entreth into the body of some excellent -beast or other, but the soules of simple and rusticall -people do possesse the bodies of more vile and brutish -creatures. Then I began to refute that foule error: -howbeit my speech did nothing at all to prevaile with -him, for hee could not be perswaded that any soule -might remaine without a body. From thence I departed -unto a certaine citie named Chilenso, the walls whereof -contained 40 miles in circuit. In this citie there are 360 -bridges of stone, the fairest that euer I saw, and it is -wel inhabited, having a great navie belonging thereunto, -& abounding with all kinds of victuals and other commodities. -And thence I went unto a certaine river called -Thalay which where it is most narrow, is 7 miles broad: -and it runneth through the midst of the land of the -Pygmœi whose chiefe city is called Cakam, and is one -of the goodliest cities in the world. These Pygmœans -are three of my spans high, and they make larger and -better cloth of cotton and silke, then any other nation -under the sunne. And coasting along by the said river, -I came unto a certaine city named Janzu, in which citie -there is one receptacle for the Friers of our order, and -there be also three Churches of the Nestorians. This -Janzu is a noble and great citie, containing 48 Thumans -of tributarie fires, and in it are all kindes of victuals, and -great plenty of such beastes, foules, and fishes, as Christians -doe usually liue upon. The lord of the same citie -hath in yeerely revenues for salt onely, fiftie Thuman of -Balis, & one balis is worth a floren and a halfe of our -coyne: insomuch that one Thuman of balis amounteth -unto the value of 15000 florens. Howbeit the sayd lord, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page246" id="page246"></a>[pg 246]</span> -favoureth his people in one respect, for sometimes he forgiveth -them frely 200 Thuman, lest there should be any -scarcity or dearth among them. There is a custome in -this citie, that when any man is determined to banquet -his friends, going about unto certaine tavernes or cookes -houses appointed for the same purpose, he sayth unto -euery particular hoste, you shall haue such and such of -my friends, whom you must entertain in my name, and -so much I will bestowe upon the banquet. And by that -means his friendes are better feasted at diverse places, -then they should haue beene at one. Tenne miles from -the sayde citie, about the head of the foresayd river of -Thalay, there is a certaine other citie called Montu, -which hath the greatest navy that I saw in the whole -world. All their ships are as white as snow, & they -haue banquetting houses in them, and many other rare -things also, which no man would beleeve unlesse he had -seene them with his owne eyes.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of the citie of Cambaleth.</i><a name="page246a" id="page246a"></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>RAVELING eight dayes journey further by divers -territories and cities, at length I came by fresh -water unto a certaine citie named Leucyn, standing upon -a river of Karavoran<a id="footnotetag11a1" name="footnotetag11a1"></a><a href="#footnote11a1"><sup>1</sup></a> which runneth through the midst -of Cataie, and doeth great harme in the countrey when -it overfloweth the bankes, or breaketh foorth of the -chanell. From thence passing along the river Eastward, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page247" id="page247"></a>[pg 247]</span> -after many dayes travell, and the sight of divers cities, I -arrived at a citie called Sumakoto,<a id="footnotetag11a2" name="footnotetag11a2"></a><a href="#footnote11a2"><sup>2</sup></a> which aboundeth -more with silke then any other citie in the worlde: for -when there is a great scarcity of silke, fortie pound is -solde for lesse then eight groates. In this citie there is -abundance of all merchandize, and all kinds of victuals -also, as of bread, wine, flesh, fish, with all choise and -delicate spices. Then travelling on still towards the East -by many cities, I came unto the noble and renowned -citie of Cambaleth, which is of great antiquitie, being -situate in the province of Cataie. This citie the Tartars -tooke, & neere unto it within the space of halfe a mile, -they built another citie called Caido. The citie of -Caido hath twelve gates, being each of them two miles -distant from another. Also the space lying in the midst -betweene the two foresayde cities is very well and -thoroughly inhabited, so that they make as it were but one -citie betweene them both. The whole compasse or circuit -of both cities together is 40 miles. In this citie the -great emperour Can hath his principall seat, and his -Imperiall palace, the wals of which palace containe foure -miles in circuit: and neere unto this his palace are many -other palaces and houses of his nobility which belong -unto his court. Within the precincts of the said palace -Imperiall, there is a most beautifull mount, set and replenished -with trees, for which cause it is called the -Greene mount, having a most royall and sumptuous -palace standing thereupon, in which, for the most part, -the great Can is resident. Upon the one side of the -sayde mount there is a great lake, whereupon a most -stately bridge is built, in which lake a great abundance -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page248" id="page248"></a>[pg 248]</span> -of geese, ducks, & all kinds of water foules, and in the -wood growing upon the mount, there is a great store of -all birdes and wilde beastes. And therefore when the -great Can will solace himselfe with hunting or hauking, -he needs not so much as once to step forth of his palace. -Moreover, the principall palace, wherein he maketh his -abode, is very large, having within it 14 pillers of golde, -and all the walles thereof are hanged with red skinnes, -which are said to be the most costly skinnes in all the -world. In the midst of the palace stands a cisterne of -two yards high, which consisteth of a precious stone -called Merdochas, and is wreathed about with golde, & -at ech corner thereof is the golden image of a serpent, as -it were furiously shaking and casting forth his head. -This cisterne also hath a kinde of network of pearle -wrought about it. Likewise by the sayd cisterne there -is drinke conveyed thorow certaine pipes and conducts -such as useth to be drunke in the emperours court, upon -the which also there hang many vessels of golde, wherein -whosoever will may drinke of the said licour. In the -foresayd palace there are many peacockes of golde: & -when any Tartar maketh a banquet unto his lorde, if -the guests chance to clap their hands for joy and mirth -the said golden peacocks also will spread their wings -abroad, and lift up their traines, seeming as if they -danced, and this I suppose to be done by arte magicke -or by some secret engine under the grounde.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote11a1" name="footnote11a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag11a1">1:</a> -Karamoron.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote11a2" name="footnote11a2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag11a2">2:</a> -Sumacoto.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page249" id="page249"></a>[pg 249]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of the glory and magnificence of the great Can.</i></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">M</span>OREOVER, when the great emperour Can sitteth -on his imperiall throne of estate, on his lefte -hand sitteth his queene or empresse and upon another -inferior seate there sit two other women, which are to -accompany the emperour, when his spouse is absent, but -in the lowest place of all, there sit all the ladies of his -kinred. <i>All the married women weare upon their heads a -kind of ornament in shape like unto a man's foote of a -cubite and a halfe in length, and the lower part of the said -foote is adorned with cranes feathers</i>, and is all ouer thicke -set with great and orient pearles. Upon the right hande -of the great Can sitteth his first begotten sonne and heire -apparent unto his empire, and under him sit all the -nobles of the blood royall. There bee also foure Secretaries, -which put all things in writing that the emperour -speaketh. In whose presence likewise stand his Barons -and divers others of his nobilitie, with great traines of -folowers after them, of whom none dare speake so much -as one worde, unlesse they haue obtained licence of the -emperour so to doe, except his jesters and stage players, -who are appointed of purpose to solace their lord. -Neither yet dare they attempt to doe ought, but onely -according to the pleasure of their emperor, and as hee -enjoineth by lawe. About the palace gate stand certaine -Barons to keepe all men from treading upon the threshold -of the sayd gate. When it pleaseth the great Can -to solemnize a feast, he hath about him 14000 Barons, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page250" id="page250"></a>[pg 250]</span> -carying wreathes & litle crownes upon their heads, and -giving attendance upon their lord, and eueryone of them -weareth a garment of golde and precious stones, which -is worth ten thousand florens. His court is kept in very -good order, by governours of tens, governours of hundreds, -and governours of thousands, insomuch that euery -one in his place performeth his dutie committed to him, -neither is there any defect to bee found. I Frier -Odoricus was there present in person for the space of -three yeares and was often at the sayd banquets: for -wee friers Minorites have a place of aboad appointed -out for us in the emperours court, and are enjoined to -goe and to bestow our blessing upon him. And I enquired -of certain courtiers concerning the number of -persons pertaining to the emperors court. Moreouer, -when he will make his progresse from one countrey to -another, hee hath foure troupes of horsemen, one being -appointed to goe a dayes journey before, and another to -come a dayes journey after him, the third to march on -his right hand and the fourth on his left, in the maner -of a crosse, he himselfe being in the midst, and so euery -particular troupe haue their daily journeys limited unto -them, to the ende they may provide sufficient victuals -without defect. Nowe the great Can himselfe is caried -in maner following: hee rideth in a chariot with two -wheeles, upon which a majesticall throne is built of the -wood of Aloe, being adorned with gold and great pearles -and precious stones, and foure elephants bravely furnished -doe drawe the sayd chariot, before which elephants -foure greate horses richly trapped and covered -doe lead the way. Hard by the chariot on both sides -thereof, are foure Barons laying hold and attending -thereupon, to keepe all persons from approching neere -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page251" id="page251"></a>[pg 251]</span> -unto their emperour. Upon the chariot two milke-white -jer-falcons doe sit, and seeing any game which hee would -take, hee letteth them fly, and so they take it, and after -this maner doeth hee solace himselfe as hee rideth. -Moreover, no man dare come within a stone's cast of the -chariot, but such as are appointed. The number of his -owne followers, of his wives attendants, and of the traine -of his first begotten sonne and heire apparent, would -seem incredible to any man; unless he had first seene it -with his owne eyes. The foresayd great Can hath -divided his Empire into twelue parts or provinces, and -one of the said provinces hath two thousand great cities -within the precincts thereof. Whereupon his empire is -of that length and breadth, that unto whatsoever part -thereof he intendeth his journey, he hath space enough -for six moneths continual progress, except his islands -which are at the least 5000.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of certaine Innes or hospitals appointed for traveilers -throughout the whole empire.</i><a name="page251a" id="page251a"></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">T</span>HE foresayd Emperor (to the end that travailers -may haue all things necessary throughout his -whole empire) hath caused certaine Innes to be provided -in sundry places upon the highwayes, where all things -pertaining unto victuals are in a continuall readinesse. -And when any alteration or newes happen in any part -of his Empire, if he chance to be farre absent from that -part, his ambassadors upon horses or dromedaries ride -post unto him, and when themselves and their beaste are -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page252" id="page252"></a>[pg 252]</span> -weary, they blowe their horne, at the noise whereof, the -next Inne likewise provideth a horse and a man, who -takes the letter from him that is weary, and runneth -unto another Inne: and so by divers Innes, and divers -postes, the report, which ordinarily could skarce come -in 30 dayes, is in one naturall day brought unto the -Emperour: and therefore no matter of any moment can -be done in his empire, but straightway he hath intelligence -of it. Moreouer when the great Can himselfe will -go on hunting, he useth this custome. Some 20 days -journey from the citie of Kambaleth there is a forrest -containing six dayes journey in circuit, in which forrest -there are so many kinds of beasts and birds as it is incredible -to report. Unto this forrest, at the ende of -euery thirde or fourthe yeere, himself with his whole -traine resorteth, and they all of them together environ -the said forrest, sending dogs into the same, which by -hunting doe bring foorth the beasts: namely lions and -stags, and other creatures, unto a most beautifull plaine -in the midst of the forrest, because all the beasts of the -forrest doe tremble, especially at the cry of hounds. -Then cometh the great Can himselfe, being caried upon -three elephants, and shooteth fiue arrowes into the whole -herd of beasts, and after him all his Barons, and after -them the rest of his courtiers and family doe all in like -maner discharge their arrowes also, and euery mans -arrow hath a sundry marke. Then they all goe unto the -beasts which are slaine (suffering the living beasts to -returne into the wood that they may haue more sport -with them another time) and euery man enjoyeth that -beast as his owne, wherein he findeth his arrow sticking.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page253" id="page253"></a>[pg 253]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of the foure feasts which the great Can solemnizeth euery -yeere in his court.</i></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">F</span>OURE great feasts in a yeere doeth the emperor -Can celebrate: namely the feast of his birth, the -feast of his circumcision, the feast of his coronation, and -the feast of his mariage. And unto these feasts he inviteth -all his Barons, his stage players, and all such as -are of his kinred. Then the great Can sitting in his -throne, all his Barons present themselves before him, -with wreaths and crowns upon their heads, being diversely -attired, for some of them are in greene, namely the principall: -the seconde are in red, and the third in yellow: -and they hold each man in his hand a little Ivorie table -of elephants tooth, and they are girt with golden girdles -of halfe a foote broad, and they stand upon their feete -keeping silence. About them stand the stage-players -or musicians with their instruments. And in one of the -corners of a certaine great pallace, all the Philosophers -or Magicians remaine for certaine howers, and do attend -upon points or characters; and when the point and -hower which the sayd Philosophers expected for, is -come, a certain crier crieth out with a loud voice, saying, -Incline or bowe your selves before your Emperour; with -that all the Barons fall flat upon the earth. Then hee -crieth oute againe: Arise all, and immediately they all -arise. Likewise the Philosophers attend upon a point -or character the second time, and when it is fulfilled the -crier crieth out amaine: Put your fingers in your eares; -and foorthwith againe he saieth: Plucke them out. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page254" id="page254"></a>[pg 254]</span> -Againe, at the third point he crieth, Boult this meale. -Many other circumstances also doe they performe, all -which they say haue some certaine signification, howbeit -neither would I write them, nor giue any heed unto -them, because they are vaine and ridiculouse. And -when the musicians houre is come, then the Philosophers -say, Solemnize a feast unto your Lord: with that all of -them sound their instruments, making a great and -melodious noise. And immediately another crieth, -Peace, Peace, and they are all whist. Then come the -women-musicians, and sing sweetly before the Emperour, -which musike was more delightfull unto me. After them -come in the lions and doe their obeisance unto the great -Can. Then the juglers cause golden cups full of wine -to flie up and downe in the ayre & to apply themselves -unto mens mouths that they may drinke of them. These -any many other strange things I sawe in the court of -the great Can, which no man would beleeve unlesse he -had seen them with his owne eies, and therefore I omit -to speake of them. I was informed also by certaine credible -persons of another miraculous thing, namely, that -in a certaine Kingdome of the sayd Can, wherein stand -the mountains called Kapsei (the Kingdomes name is -Kalor) there <i>groweth great Gourds or Pompions,</i><a id="footnotetag14a1" name="footnotetag14a1"></a><a href="#footnote14a1"><sup>1</sup></a> <i>which -being ripe, doe open at the tops, and within them is found -a little beast like unto a yong lambe, even as I my selfe -have heard reported, that there stand certain trees upon the -shore of the Irish Sea, bearing fruit like unto a gourd, -which at a certaine time of the yeere doe fall into the water, -and become birds called Bernacles, and this is most true</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote14a1" name="footnote14a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag14a1">1:</a> -Pumpkins.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page255" id="page255"></a>[pg 255]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of divers provinces & cities,</i></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND after three yeeres I departed out of the empire -of Cataie, traveiling fiftie dayes journey towards the -West. And at length I came unto the empire of Pretegoani,<a id="footnotetag15a1" name="footnotetag15a1"></a><a href="#footnote15a1"><sup>1</sup></a> -whose principall citie is Kasan, which hath many -cities under it. From thence passing many dayes travel -I came unto a province called Casan, which is for good -commodities, one of the onely provinces under the Sunne, -& is very well inhabited, insomuch that when we depart -out of the gates of one city we may beholde the gates of -another city, as I myselfe sawe in divers of them. The -breadth of the said province is 50 dayes journey and the -length aboue sixtie. In it there is great plenty of all -victuals, and especially of chesnuts, and it is one of the -twelve provinces of the great Can. Going on further, I -came unto a certaine Kingdome called Tebek,<a id="footnotetag15a2" name="footnotetag15a2"></a><a href="#footnote15a2"><sup>2</sup></a> which is -in subjection unto the great Can also, wherein I thinke -there is more plenty of bread and wine then in any other -part of the worlde besides. The people of the sayd -countrey do, for the most part, inhabit in tents made of -blacke felt. Their principall city is invironed with faire -and beautifull walls, being built of most white and blacke -stones, which are disposed checkerwise one by another, -and curiously compiled together: likewise all the high -wayes in this countrey are exceedingly well paved. In -the said countrey none dare shed the bloud of a man, or -of any beast, for the reverence of a certaine idol. In the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page256" id="page256"></a>[pg 256]</span> -aforesayd citie their Abassi, that is to say, their Pope is -resident, being the head and prince of all idolaters (upon -whom he bestoweth and distributeth gifts after his maner) -euen as our Pope of Rome accounts himselfe to be the -head of all Christians. The Women of this countrey -weare aboue an hundreth tricks & trifles about them, -and they haue two teeth in their mouthes as long as the -tuskes of a boare. <i>When any mans father deceaseth -among them, his sonne assembleth together all the priests -and musicians that he can get, saying that he is determined -to honour his father: then causeth he him to be caried into -the field (all his kinsfolks, friends, and neighbours, accompanying -him in the sayd action) where the priests with -great solemnity cut off the fathers head, giving it unto his -sonne, which being done, they divide the whole body into -morsels, and so leaue it behinde them, returning home with -prayers in the company of the said sonne. So soone as -they are departed, certain vultures, which are accustomed -to such bankets, come flying from the mountains, and cary -away all the sayd morsels of flesh: and from thenceforth -a fame is spread abroad, that the sayd party deceased was -holy, because the angels of God carried him into paradise. -And this is the greatest and highest honour, that the sonne -can devise to performe unto his father. Then the sayd -sonne taketh his fathers head, seething it and eating the -flesh thereof, but of the skull he maketh a drinking cup, -wherein himselfe with all his family and kinred do drinke -with great solemnitie and mirth, in the remembrance of his -dead and devoured father.</i> Many other vile and abominable -things doth the sayd nation commit, which I -meane not to write because men neither can nor will -beleeve, except they should haue a sight of them.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote15a1" name="footnote15a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag15a1">1:</a> -Prester John.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote15a2" name="footnote15a2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag15a2">2:</a> -Or Thibet.</p> -</blockquote> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page257" id="page257"></a>[pg 257]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of a certaine riche man, who is fed and nourished by 50 virgins</i>.</h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">W</span>HILE I was in the province of Mancy, I passed -by the palace of a certaine famous man, which -hath fifty virgin damosels continually attending upon -him, feeding him euery meale as a bird feeds her yoong -ones. Also he hath sundry kinds of meat served in at -his table and three dishes of ech kinde: and when the -said virgins feed him, they singe most sweetly. This -man hath in yeerely revenues thirty thuman of tagars of -rise, euery of which thuman yeeldeth tenne thousand -tagars, and one tagar is the burthen of an asse. His -palace is two miles in circuit, the pavement thereof is -one plate of golde and another of silver. Neere unto the -wall of the sayd palace there is a mount artificially -wrought with golde and silver, whereupon stand turrets -and steeples, and other delectable things for the solace -and recreation of the foresayd great man. And it was -tolde me that there were foure such men in the sayd -kingdome. It is accounted a great grace for the men of -that countrey to haue long nailes upon their fingers, and -especially upon their thumbes which nailes they may -folde about their handes: but the grace and beauty of -their women is to haue small and slender feet: and -therefore the mothers when their daughters are yoong, -do binde up their feete that they may not grow great. -Travelling on further towards the South, I arrived at a -certain countrey called Melistorte, which is a pleasant -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page258" id="page258"></a>[pg 258]</span> -and fertile place. In this countrey was a certain aged -man called Senex de monte, who round about two -mountaines had built a wall to inclose the said mountaines. -Within this wall there were the fairest and most -chrystall fountaines in the whole world: and about the -sayd fountaines there were the most beautifull virgins in -great number, and goodly horses also, and in a word, -euery thing that could be devised for bodily solace and -delight, and therefore the inhabitants of the countrey -call the same place by the name of Paradise. The olde -Senex, when he saw any proper and valiant yoong man, -he would admit him into his paradise. Moreover by -certain conducts he makes wine and milke to flow abundantly. -This Senex when he hath a minde to revenge -himselfe or to slay any king or baron, commandeth him -who is governor of the sayd paradise, to bring thereunto -some of the acquaintance of the sayd king or baron, -permitting him a while to take his pleasure therein, and -then to give him a certaine potion being of force, to cast -him into such a slumber as should make him quite voide -of all sense, and so being in a profound sleepe to convey -him out of his paradise: who being awakened and seeing -himselfe thrust out of the paradise, would become so -sorrowfull, that he could not in the world devise what to -do, or whither to turne him. Then would he goe unto -the foresaid old man, beseeching him that he might be -admitted again into his paradise, who saith unto him, -You cannot be admitted thither, unlesse you will slay -such or such a man for my sake, & if you will giue the -attempt onely, whether you kill him or no, I will place -you againe in paradise, that there you may remain -always: then would the party without faile put the same -in execution, indevouring to murther all those against -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page259" id="page259"></a>[pg 259]</span> -whom the old man had conceived any hatred. And -therefore all the kings of the east stood in awe of the -sayd olde man, and gaue unto him great tribute.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of the death of Senex de monte.</i><a name="page259a" id="page259a"></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">A</span>ND when the Tartars had subdued a great part of -the world, they came unto the sayd olde man, and -tooke from him the custody of his paradise: who being -incensed thereat, sent abroad divers desperate and resolute -persons out of his forenamed paradise, and caused -many of the Tartarian nobles to be slaine. The Tartars -seeing this, went and beseiged the citie wherein the sayd -olde man was, tooke him, and put him to a most cruell -and ignominious death. The friers in that place haue -this special gift and prerogative, namely, that by the -vertue of the name of Christ Jesu, & in the vertue of his -precious blood, which he shedde upon the crosse for the -salvation of mankinde, they doe cast foorth devils out of -them that are possessed. And because there are many -possessed men in those parts, they are bound and brought -ten dayes journey unto the sayd friers, who being dispossessed -of the uncleane spirits, do presently beleeve in -Christ, who delivered them, accounting him for their -God, and being baptised in his name, and also delivering -immediately unto the friers all their idols and the idols -of their cattell, which are commonly made of felt or of -womens haire: then the sayd friers kindle a fire in a -publicke place (whereunto the people resort, that they -may see the false gods of their neighbors burnt), and -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page260" id="page260"></a>[pg 260]</span> -cast the sayd idols thereinto: howbeit at first those idols -came out of the fire againe. Then the friers sprinkled -the sayd fire with holy water, casting in the idols the -second time, and with that the devils fled in the likenesse -of black smoake, and the idols still remained till -they were consumed unto ashes. Afterward, this noise -and outcry was heard in the ayre: Beholde and see how -I am expelled out of my habitation. And by these -means the friers doe baptise great multitudes, who presently -revolt againe unto their idols; insomuch that the -sayd friers must eftsoones, as it were, underprop them, -and informe them anew. <i>There was another terrible -thing which I saw there: for passing by a certaine valley, -which is situate beside a pleasant river, I saw many dead -bodies, and in the said valley also I heard divers sweet -sounds and harmonies of musike, especially the noise of -citherns, whereat I was greatly amazed. This valley conteineth -in length seven or eight miles at the least, into the -which whosoeuer entreth, dieth presently, and can by no -means passe aliue thorow the middest thereof; for which -cause all the inhabitants thereabout decline unto the one -side. Moreover, I was tempted to go in & to see what it -was. At length, making my prayers and recommending -my selfe to God in the name of Jesu, I entred, and saw -such swarmes of dead bodies there, as no man would -beleeve unless he were an eyewitnesse thereof. At the one -side of the foresayde valley upon a certaine stone, I saw -the visage of a man, which behelde me with such a terrible -aspect that I thought verily I should haue died in the same -place. But alwayes this sentence, the word became flesh, -and dwelt amomgst us, I ceased not to pronounce, signing -my selfe with the signe of the crosse, and neerer than seven -to eight pases I durst not approach unto the sayd head:</i> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page261" id="page261"></a>[pg 261]</span> -<i>but I departed & fled unto another place in the sayd valley</i>, -ascending up into a little sande mountaine, where looking -about, I saw nothing but the sayd citherns, which -methought I heard miraculously sounding and playing -by themselves without the helpe of musicians. And -being upon the toppe of the mountaine, I found silver -there like the scales of fishes in great abundance, and I -gathered some part thereof into my bosome to shew for -a wonder, but my conscience rebuking me, I cast it upon -the earth, reserving no whit at all unto my selfe, and so, -by God's grace I departed without danger. And when -the men of the countrey knew that I was returned out -of the valley alive, they reverenced me much, saying -that I was baptised and holy, and that the foresayd -bodies were men subject unto the devils infernall who -used to play upon citherns, to the end they might allure -people to enter, and so murther them. Thus much concerning -these things which I beheld most certainly with -mine eyes, I frier Odoricus haue heere written: many -strange things also I haue of purpose omitted, because -men will not beleeue them unlesse they should see them.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of the honour and reverence done unto the great Can.</i><a name="page261a" id="page261a"></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span> WILL report one thing more, which I saw, concerning -the great Can. It is an usuall custome in those -parts, that when the foresayd Can traveileth thorow any -countrey, his subjects kindle fires before their doores, -casting spices thereinto to make a perfume, that their -lord passing by may smell the sweet and delectable -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page262" id="page262"></a>[pg 262]</span> -odours thereof, and much people come forth to meet -him. And upon a certaine time when he was comming -towardes Cambaleth, the fame of his approch being -published, a bishop of ours with certaine of our minorite -friers and myselfe went two dayes journey to meet him: -and being come nigh unto him, we put a crosse upon -wood. I my selfe having a censer in my hand, and -began to sing with a loud voice: Veni creator spiritus. -And as we were singing on this wise he caused us to be -called, commanding us to come unto him: notwithstanding -(as it is above mentioned) that no man dare -approche within a stones cast of his chariot, unlesse he -be called, but such onely as keep his chariot. And when -we came neare unto him, he vailed his hat or bonet -being of an inestimable price, doing reverence unto the -crosse. And immediately I put incense into the censour, -and our bishop taking the censer perfumed him, -and gaue him his benediction. Moreouer, they that -come before the said Can, do alwayes bring some oblation -to present unto him, observing the ancient law: -Thou shalt not appear in my presence with an empty -hand. And for that cause we carried apples with us, -and offered them in a platter with reverence unto him: -and taking out two of them he did eate some part of -one. And then he signified unto us, that we should go -apart, lest the horses comming on might in ought offend -us. With that we departed from him, and turned aside, -going unto certaine of his barons, which had been converted -to the faith by certaine friers of our order, being -at the same time in his army: and we offered unto them -of the foresayd apples, who received them at our hands -with great joy, seeming unto us to be as glad, as if we -had giuen them some great gift. All the premisses -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page263" id="page263"></a>[pg 263]</span> -above written frier William de Solanga hath put downe -in writing euen as the foresayd frier Odoricus uttered -them by word of mouth, in the yeere of our Lord 1330 -in the moneth of May, and in the place of S. Anthony -of Padua. <i>Neither did he regard to write them in difficult -Latine, or in an eloquent style, but even as Odoricus himselfe -rehearsed them, to the end that men might the more -easily understand the things reported.</i> I Odoricus frier, -of Friuli, of a certaine territory called Portus Vahonis, -and of the order of the minorites, do testifie and beare -witnesse unto the reverend father Guidotus minister of -the province of S. Anthony, in the marquisate of Treviso -(being by him required upon mine obedience so to -doe) that all the premisses above written, either I saw -with mine owne eyes, or heard the same reported by -credible and substantiall persons. The common report -also of the countreys where I was, testifieth those things, -which I saw, to be true. Many other things I haue -omitted because I behelde them not with my owne eyes. -Howbeit from day to day I purpose with my selfe to -travell countreys or lands, in which action I dispose myselfe -to die or to live, as it shall please my God.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3><i>Of the death of frier Odoricus.</i><a name="page263a" id="page263a"></a></h3> -</div> -<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>N the yeere therefore of our Lord 1331 the foresayd -frier Odoricus preparing himselfe for the performance -of his intended journey, that his travel and labour -might be to greater purpose, he determined to present -himselfe unto Pope John the two and twentieth, whose -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page264" id="page264"></a>[pg 264]</span> -benediction and obedience being received, he with a -certaine number of friers willing to beare him company -might convey himselfe unto all the countreys of infidels. -And as he was travelling toward the pope, and not farre -distant from the city of Pisa, there meets him by the -waye a certaine olde man, in the habit and attire of a -pilgrime, saluting him by name and saying: All haile -frier Odoricus. And when the frier demaunded how he -had knowledge of him: he answered: Whilest you were -in India I knew you full well, yea, and I knew your holy -purpose also: but see that you returne immediately unto -the coven<a id="footnotetag19a1" name="footnotetag19a1"></a><a href="#footnote19a1"><sup>1</sup></a> from where you came, for tenne dayes hence -you shall depart out of this present world. Wherefore -being astonished and amazed at these words, (especially -the olde man vanishing out of his sight, presently after -he had spoken them) he determined to returne. And so -he returned in perfect health feeling no crazedness nor -infirmity of body. And being in his coven at Udene -in the province of Padua, the tenth daye after the foresayd -vision, having received the Communion, and preparing -himselfe unto God, yea, being strong and sound -of body, hee happily rested in the Lord: who sacred -departure was signified unto the Pope aforesaid, under -the hand of the publique notary in these words following.</p> - -<p>In the yeere of our Lord 1331, the 14 day of Januarie, -Beatus Odoricus a Frier minorite deceased in Christ, at -whose prayers God shewed many and sundry miracles, -which I Guetelus publique notarie of Utina, sonne of M. -Damianus de Porto Gruaro at the commandment and -direction of the honorable Conradus of the Borough of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page265" id="page265"></a>[pg 265]</span> -Gastaldion, and one of the Councell of Utina, haue -written as faithfully as I could, and haue delivered a -copie thereof unto the friers minorites, howbeit not of -all, because they are innumerable, and too difficult for -me to write.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnote19a1" name="footnote19a1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetag19a1">1:</a> -Convent.</p> -</blockquote> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"> -<a href="images/265-200.png"><img src="images/265-100.png" width="100" height="103" alt="glyph" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page266" id="page266"></a>[pg 266]</span><br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page267" id="page267"></a>[pg 267]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"><h3>WOODCUTS SELECTED FROM OTHER EDITIONS<br /> -SHOWING THE DIFFERENT TREATMENT<br /> -OF THE SAME SUBJECTS.</h3></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 480px;"><a href="images/267a-1000.png"><img src="images/267a-480.png" width="480" height="387" alt="Adam and Eve expelled from Eden" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 480px;"><a href="images/267b-1000.png"><img src="images/267b-480.png" width="480" height="416" alt="death of Stephen" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page268" id="page268"></a>[pg 268]</span></p> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/268a-1000.png"><img src="images/268a-500.png" width="500" height="483" alt="the tree on which Judas hanged himselfe" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 480px;"><a href="images/268b-1000.png"><img src="images/268b-480.png" width="480" height="384" alt="'pigeon (dove) post'" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page269" id="page269"></a>[pg 269]</span></p> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 480px;"><a href="images/269a-1000.png"><img src="images/269a-480.png" width="480" height="394" alt="pillar" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 380px;"><a href="images/269b-800.png"><img src="images/269b-380.png" width="380" height="460" alt="Samson?" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page270" id="page270"></a>[pg 270]</span></p> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a href="images/270a-900.png"><img src="images/270a-400.png" width="400" height="432" alt="in the leman's tomb" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 360px;"><a href="images/270b-700.png"><img src="images/270b-360.png" width="360" height="456" alt="she-goat?" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page271" id="page271"></a>[pg 271]</span></p> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> -<a name="page271a" id="page271a"></a><a href="images/271a-900.png"><img src="images/271a-400.png" width="400" height="422" alt="war elephant with 'castle'" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a href="images/271b-900.png"><img src="images/271b-400.png" width="400" height="410" alt="strange customs" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page272" id="page272"></a>[pg 272]</span></p> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a href="images/272a-900.png"><img src="images/272a-400.png" width="400" height="435" alt="Saint Katherine's tomb?" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a href="images/272b-900.png"><img src="images/272b-400.png" width="400" height="400" alt="hunters?" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page273" id="page273"></a>[pg 273]</span></p> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/273a-1000.png"><img src="images/273a-500.png" width="500" height="426" alt="of strange people" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a href="images/273b-900.png"><img src="images/273b-400.png" width="400" height="416" alt="fish" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page274" id="page274"></a>[pg 274]</span></p> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/274a-1000.png"><img src="images/274a-500.png" width="500" height="354" alt="strange people" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a href="images/274b-900.png"><img src="images/274b-500.png" width="400" height="395" alt="strange people" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page275" id="page275"></a>[pg 275]</span></p> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a href="images/275a-1000.png"><img src="images/275a-500.png" width="500" height="358" alt="of strange people" /></a></div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px; padding-bottom: 3em;"><a name="page275b" id="page275b"></a> -<a href="images/275b-1000.png"><img src="images/275b-500.png" width="500" height="285" alt="battle between pygmies and cranes" /></a></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page276" id="page276"></a>[pg 276]</span><br /><br /> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page277" id="page277"></a>[pg 277]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px; padding-top: 3em;"> -<a href="images/277-1000.png"><img src="images/277-600.png" width="600" height="120" alt="glyph" /></a></div> - -<div class="ed"> -<div class="chapter"><h2>LIST OF THE EDITIONS</h2></div> - -<p class="centerc2"><span class="sc">Of the Voyages and Travels of Sir John Mandeville<br /> -now (1884) in the British Museum.</span></p> - -<p class="centerc"><span class="sc">Chronologically Arranged.</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"><h3>MSS.</h3></div> - -<div><img class="drop-cap" src="images/277-e-100.png" width="100" height="100" alt="E" /></div> -<p class="drop-cap"><span class="upper-case">EGERTON MSS. 672.</span> Johannis de Maundevilla - Itinerarium ad partes Ierusolumitanas, &c. - Vellum, 14 Cent., small 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Grenville XXXIX. A 14 Cent. MS. fol. on - vellum in double columns, which evidently has belonged to - one of the French Royal Libraries, as the binding testifies. - It commences "Ci comence le liure qui parle des diuersités - des pais qui sunt par universe monde: le quel liure fut compile - par mesire Jehan Mandeuille chlr ne dangleterre de la - uille con dit Saint Albain."</p> - -<p>Harl. 3954. A MS. on vellum, end of 14th Cent., with unfinished - illuminations; fine copy.</p> - -<p>Sloane, 1464. Voyage in 1356. Vellum, in French. Early - 15 Cent.</p> - -<p>Harl. 212 (1). Le Geste de S^r John Maundeville de Mervailles - de Monde. Small 4<sup>o</sup>. French. Vellum. Early 15 - Cent. MS. note at end seems to place it as having been written - previous to 1425.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page278" id="page278"></a>[pg 278]</span></p> - -<p>Harl. 212 (2). La Copie de la Lettre maunde ovesque cest - Escrit a tres noble Prince Monsire E. de Wyndesore Roy - d'Engleterre, et de Fraunce, par Monsire Johan de Maundeville, - autour susdit.</p> - -<p>Cotton, Tit. C. 16. English MS. 4<sup>o</sup>. Vellum. Early 15 Cent.</p> - -<p>Sloane, 560. De la Terre Seinte, que houme l'appelle Terre - de Promissionis de Ierusalem. Vellum. French. 15 Cent.</p> - -<p>Add. MSS. 17,335. Travels of Sir John de Mandeville - translated into German by Otto von Diemeringen, Canon of - Metz. Vellum and paper, 15 Cent., with coloured drawings. - Fol.</p> - -<p>Add. MSS. 10,129. The Voyages and Travels of Sir John - Mandeville; in German. On paper. 15 Cent. Fol.</p> - -<p>Egerton MSS. 1982. "Ye buke of (<i>the voiage and travaile</i> - of Sir) John Maundeville." The text differs considerably from - that of the printed editions, and the prologue does not include - the apocryphal passage found in Cotton MS. Titus C. xvi., in - which the author states that he translated the work from Latin - into French, and from French into English. <i>Vellum.</i> 15 - Cent. On the fly-leaf, f, 2, is a note by E. Hill, M.D., 22 - Mar. 1803, stating that on a leaf of paper pasted on the inside - of the old cover, was written, "Thys fayre Boke I have fro - the Abbey of Saint Albons in thys yeare of our Lord - <span class="sc">m.cccclxxxx</span> the sixte daye of Apryll. Willyam Caxton," - together with the name of Richard Tottyl, 1579, by whose - descendant, the Rev. Hugh Tuthill, the book was given to E. - Hill. Small quarto.</p> - -<p>Harl. 82 (4). Itinerarium D. Joannis de Maundevyle - Militis, <ins title = "Greek: akephaloi">ἀκέφαλοι</ins>, et in fine Truncatum. - Vellum, fol. 15 Cent. In Latin.</p> - -<p>Harl. 175. Itinerarium Dñi Johannis de Maundeville Militis, - de Mirabilibus Mundi. In Latin, 15 Cent. 12<sup>o</sup>. Vellum.</p> - -<p>Harl. 204. In French. On vellum. 4<sup>o</sup>. 15 Cent. On the - last page is a copy of the letter to Edward III.</p> - -<p>Harl. 3589 (2). A Latin MS. commencing "Incipit Itinerarius -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page279" id="page279"></a>[pg 279]</span> - magistri Johannis de Mandevelt ad partes Hierosolymitanas, - et ulteriores partes transmarinas; qui obiit Leodii - <span class="sc">a.d.</span> 1382." Paper. 15 Cent.</p> - -<p>Harl. 3940. Le Livre de Jeh. de Mandeville, chevalier, le - queil fut ney du pais d'engleterre, le queil parle de l'estat de - la terre, et de marveilles que il y a veues. 15 Cent. Vellum. - French. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Harl. 4383. Voiage de D. Jean Maundeville. 15 Cent. - Vellum. French. Fol.</p> - -<p>Harl. 1739. A French 4<sup>o</sup> MS. of 15 Cent. on vellum and - paper, with letter to Edward III., in Latin, at the end.</p> - -<p>Arundel, 140 (2). English MS. Fol. Paper, 15 Cent., ending - "Her endys the boke of Johne Maundevile, Knyghte, of - wayes to Ierusalem and of merveyles of Ynde and othere - contrees."</p> - -<p>Add. MSS. 18,026. The Voyages and Travels of Sir John - Mandeville Knight; translated into German, and written by - Johann Segnitz de Castel. 1449. Paper. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Egerton MSS. 1781, f. 129. Translation into Irish of the - Travels of Sir John Mandeville made by Fineen Mac Mahon - in 1475.</p> - -<p>Cotton, App. 4, art. 2. Iter. Johannis Mandevill. Vellum. - Small fol., in Latin. Late 15 Cent.</p> - -<p>Grenville XII. An English MS. on paper, fol., end of 15 - Cent., commencing "Here begynñth the boke of Moundevyle - Knyzt that techyth the weyes to Jes̃lm and of the Meruelis of - ynde and of the londe of Ps̃t John, and of the grete Cham. - and of Constantinople and of many oder Contreys."</p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"> -<a href="images/279-200.png"><img src="images/279-100.png" width="100" height="59" alt="glyph" /></a></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page280" id="page280"></a>[pg 280]</span></p> - -<div class="ed"> -<div class="chapter"><h3>PRINTED EDITIONS.</h3></div> - -<p>GRENVILLE, 6775. This is, probably, the oldest printed - "Mandeville" extant, certainly the oldest dated copy, - except a folio copy printed at Lyons on the 8th day of - February of the same year, and there was also an Italian 4<sup>o</sup> - edition previously printed at Milan. As far as is known this - copy is unique, and it is in B. L. double columns, fol. It has, - unfortunately, no name of printer, nor place of publication. - "Ce liure est eppelle mandeuille et fut fait et compose par - monsieur jehan de mandeuille cheualier natif dangleterre de la - uille de sainct alein.<a id="footnotetagpred1" name="footnotetagpred1"></a><a href="#footnotepred1"><sup>1</sup></a> Et parle de la terre de promission cest - assauoir de ierusalem et de pluseurs autres isles de mer et les - diuerses et estranges choses qui sont es dites isles. Cy finist - ce tres plaisant liure nome Mande ville parlant moult autentiquement - du pays et terre doultre mer Et fut fait lan Mil. - <span class="sc">cccclxxx</span> le <span class="sc">iiii</span> iour dauril." Folio. B. L.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6702. Itinerario. Explicit Johannes de Mandeuilla - impressus Mediolani ductu et auspiciis <i>Magistri Petri de - corneno</i> pridie calendas augusti <span class="sc">mcccclxxx</span>. 4<sup>o</sup>. B. L. - This is said to be the first Italian edition.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6700. Itinerarius Domini Johannis de Mandeville - militis. This is a curious edition, printed in semi-Gothic - Letter, and is the first known of the Latin editions. Its date - is unknown, as is also the place where it was printed, but its - date is fixed <i>circa</i> 1480.</p> - -<p>C. 32, m. 5. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The - travels of Sir J. M. translated into Dutch. G. L. (no place). - 1470? Fol.</p> - -<p>566, f. 6/1. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Beginning -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page281" id="page281"></a>[pg 281]</span> - (fol. 4, verso) Liber prīs cui auctor fer̃t̃ johān̄es de mādeville - militari ordis, agit de divers patrijs, etc. G. L. Alosta? - 1478? 4<sup>o</sup>. Imperfect.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6774. Hie hebt sich an das püch (<i>sic</i>) des Ritters - herz Hannsen von Monte Villa. Gedrucht zü Augspurg <i>von - hannsen schönsperger</i> am freitag nach Galli. Anno domini - (<span class="sc">mcccclxxxii</span>). Fol.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6773. Johannes von Mondeuilla, Ritter. Getruckt - zü Strassburg Johannes Prüssz. 1484. Fol. B. L. This - is a very rare German edition, and is attributed to Michelfeld - or Michelfelser.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6728/3. Explicit Itinerarius a terra Anglie in - partes Ierosolymitanas et in vlteriores transmarinas editus - primo in lingua gallicana a domino Johanne de Mandeville - milite suo auctore. Anno incarnacionis domini <span class="sc">MCCCLV</span> in - civitate leodiensi et paulo post in Eadem civitate translatus in - dictam forinam latinam. Quod opus ubi inceptum simul et - completum sit ipã elementa seu singularum seorsum caracteres - literarum quibus impressum vides venatica, monstrant manifeste. - 4<sup>o</sup>.<a id="footnotetagpred2" name="footnotetagpred2"></a><a href="#footnotepred2"><sup>2</sup></a></p> - -<p>789, a. 19. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Tractato - de le piu maravegliose cose e piu notabile che si trovino ī le - parte del mondo reducte e colte sotto brevita in lo p̃sente - compẽdio dal strenuissimo cavalier a speron doro J. de Mandavilla - anglico, &c.</p> - -<p>G. L. p. U. Rugeriũ boñ(<i>oniæ</i>). 1488. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6703. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels printed at Bologna, "<i>per mi Ugo di Rugerii</i>." 1488. - 4<sup>o</sup>. B. L.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6704. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels, printed at Venice, "<i>per mi Nicolo de li ferari de pralormo</i>." - 1491. 4<sup>o</sup>. B. L.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page282" id="page282"></a>[pg 282]</span></p> - -<p>C. 4, h. <span class="sc">ii</span>. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Joanne - de Mandavilla. G. L. Nicolo de li ferari de pralormo. - Venetia, 1491. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6705. Tractato belissímo, delle piu marivigliose - cose, &c. scripte dallo cavaliere asperondoro Giov. Mandavilla - Frazese ridocto in lingua thoscana. Impresso ne la cipta di - Firenze, <i>per Lorenzo de</i> Morgiani et Giovanni da Maganza. - Adi <span class="sc">vii.</span> di Giugno <span class="sc">mdcccclxxxxii</span>. 4<sup>o</sup>. This edition is very - rare.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6706. Johanne de Mandauilla. Bologna, <i>per - mi Joanne jacobo et Joanne antonio di benedetti da Bologna</i>. - 1492. 4<sup>o</sup>. B. L.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6709. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels, printed at Milan, <i>per Uldericho Scinzenzeler</i>. 1497. - 4<sup>o</sup>. B. L.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6707. A Dutch copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels, printed at Antwerp bii nuy Govaerdt Back. 1494. - 4<sup>o</sup>. B. L.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6699. Itinerarius in partes Iherosolimitanas. Et - in ultiores transmarinas. B. L. 4<sup>o</sup>. There is no certainty - when or where this was printed, but it contains a MS. note - attributing its production to P. Friedberg, of Maintz, - <i>circa</i> 1495.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6713. The boke of John Maunduyle Knyght of - wayes to Ierusalem and of maruelys of ynde and of other - countrees, Emprented <i>by Richard Pynson</i>. 4<sup>o</sup>. B. L. This is - considered the oldest English printed version extant, older - even than that of Wynkyn de Worde's of 1499. It is unfortunately - undated. Pynson began to print 1493.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6708. Tractato, etc. Venexia, <i>per Maestro - Manfredo da Monferato da Streuo da Bonello</i>. 1496. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>789, a. 20. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i> Johanne - de mandauilla. Tractato de le piu marauegliose cose e piu - notabili che si trouino in le parte del mondo, etc. per Maestro - Manfredo da Mõferato da streno de Bonello. Venice, 1496. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page283" id="page283"></a>[pg 283]</span></p> - -<p>100 77, b. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Johanne - de mandavilla. Tractato de le piu maravegliose cose e piu - notabile che se trouino in le parte del mõdo, etc.</p> - -<p>G. L. Stāpado p Ulfrycho scienzēzeler, Milaõ. 149(7). 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6710. Che tracta de le piu marauegliose cose e - piu notabile che si trouyns in le parte del Mondo. Bologna, - <i>per mi Piero et Jacobo fratelli da Campii</i>, 1497. 4<sup>o</sup>. B.L.</p> - -<p>C. 32, e. 2/2. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller.</i> - Johannis de montevilla Itinerari in partes Iherosolimitanas. - Et in ulteriores transmarinas. G.L. 1500? 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6711. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels. Impressa in Venetia, per <i>Zuan Baptista Sessa</i>. Anno - 1504. Adi 29, Luio. 4<sup>o</sup>. B.L.</p> - -<p>280, f. 32. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. I. de - Mandavilla. Tractato de la piu maraviliose cose e piu - notabili che si trovino in le parte del monde redutte.... - sotto brevita in lo presente compendio, etc.</p> - -<p>Manfredo da sustrevo dacã Bonis. Venezia, 1505. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>148, c. 3. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Von . der. - erfarung . des. streugen . Ritters . johannes . võ . montaville.</p> - -<p>G. L. J. Knoblouch. Strassburg, 1507. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6701. Tractato bellissimo delle piu marauigliose - cose, et piu notabile che si trouino nelle parte del mondo. - Impresso nella excelsa cipta di Firenze appetitione <i>di Ser Piero - da Pescia</i>, etc. Circa, 1512. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6712. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels printed at Milan, <i>per Rocho et fratelli da Valle</i>. 1517. - 4<sup>o</sup>. B. L.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6656. Another copy of Sir John Mandevilles - travels, printed at Venice, <i>per Marchio Sessa e Piero de rauani.</i> - 1521. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>1051, c. 1/1. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. I. de - Mandavilla, qual tratta della piu maravegliose cose e piu - notabile che si trovino, etc. Venetia, 1537. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>567, i. 5. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Juan de -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page284" id="page284"></a>[pg 284]</span> - Mandavila. Libro de las Marauillas del mundo y del viage - d' la tierra santa di Hierusalẽ & de todas las provincias & - hombres monstrussos que hayen las Indias. G. L. Valencia, - 1540, fol.</p> - -<p>149, e. 6. Libro de las maravillas del mondo que trata - del viage de la Tierra Santa de Hierusalem y de todas - las provincias y Ciudades de las Indias y de los hombres - mostruosos que ay en el mundo. Alcala de Heuares. 1547, - fol.</p> - -<p>1074, k. 4/1. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Maistre - Iehan Mandeville Chevalier natif du pays Dangleterre, lequel - parle des grandes Adventures des pays estrange, tant par mer, - que par terre.... Ensemble la terre de promission & du - sainct voyage de Hierusalem. G. L. <i>Jehan Bonfons</i>. Paris, - 1560? 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6657. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels. Nel quale si contengono di molte cose maravigliose. - Venetia, 1567. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>1046, a. 26/4. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. I. de - Mandavilla, nel quale si contengono di molte cose maravigliose, - etc. Venetia, 1567. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>1045, h. 2. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The - Voiage and travayle of Syr I. M. which treateth of the way - toward Hierusalem, and of marvayles of Inde, with other Ilands - and Countryes. B. L. Lond. 1568. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>10,076, a. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Reysen - und Wander schafften, durch das Gelobte Land, Indien und - Persien, dess ... Ritters J. de Montevilla ... von ihm - in Frantzösischer unnd Lateinischer Sprach ... beschrieben. - Nachmals durch O. von Dameringer ... verteutscht ... auffs - neuw corrigieret und mit ... Figuren gezieret. - Franckfurt am Mayn, 1580. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>790, m. 16. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Reysen - ins gelobte Land ... Persien, Indien, Tartary, etc. 1584, - fol.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page285" id="page285"></a>[pg 285]</span></p> - -<p>Grenville, 6714. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels in English, unfortunately mutilated, said to be probably - printed by Thomas East or Este<a id="footnotetagpred3" name="footnotetagpred3"></a><a href="#footnotepred3"><sup>3</sup></a> - —but it is unlike his type—and - the engravings are totally different.</p> - -<p>791, l. 12. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Reysen - ... durch das gelobte Landt, Indien, und Persien, etc. - 1609, fol.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6715. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels. "Wherein is set downe the way to the Holy Land, - and to Hierusalem: as also to the land of the great Caane, - and of Prester John; to Inde, and diuers other countries: - together with the many and strange Meruailes therein. London, - <i>by Thomas Stansby</i>. 1618. 4<sup>o</sup>. B. L.</p> - -<p>10,056, bbb/2. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. De - wonderlijcke Reyse van I. Mandevijl, be schrijvende eerst de - Reyse ende gheschiedenisse van den H. Lande.... Daer - na de ghestaltenisse ende zeden van den Lande van Egipten, - Syrien, Persen ... Indien, ende Ethiopien, &c.—t'Amsterdam. - 1650. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6716. Voyages and travels, wherein is set down - the way to the Holy Land, &c. London, 1657. 4<sup>o</sup>. B. L.</p> - -<p>791, l. 25. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Reysen - unnd Wanderschafften durch das gelobte Landt, Indien und - Persien ... durch Otto von Demeringen ... verteutscht. - 1659, fol.</p> - -<p>10,055, a. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller.</i> The - voyages and travels of Sir J. Mandevile, Knight. Wherein is - set down the way to the Holy Land, and to Hierusalem; as - also to the lands of the Great Caane, and of Prester John, &c. - (Woodcuts). B. L. Lond. 1670. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>12,410, f. 10. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. De - Wonderlycke Reyse van I. Mandevyl. Naer het H. Landt, - ghedan in 't Jaer 1322 &c. Antwerpen, 1677. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page286" id="page286"></a>[pg 286]</span></p> - -<p>Grenville, 6717. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels. London, for R. Scot, 1684. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>1045, h. 30. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The - voyages of Sir I. M., &c. B. L. Lond. 1684. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 6718. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels. London, for R. Chiswell, &c. 1696. 4<sup>o</sup>. The woodcuts - in this edition are the same as in Grenville 6717.</p> - -<p>12,315, c. 5/4. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Des - vortrefflich Welt-Erfahrnen ... Ritters Johannis de Montevilla, - curieuse Reiss-Beschreibung wie derselbe in das gelobte - Land, Palästinum, Jerusalem, Egypten, Türkey, Judäam, - Indien, Chinam, Persien, angekommen, und fast den ganzen - Erd-und Welt. Kriebs durchzogen seye; ... Nunmehrins - Teutsche übersetzt ... Jetzt von neuem auferlegt, vermehrt - und verbessert, &c. (no place named) 1700? 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>1077, g. 35/2. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The - voyages and travels of Sir J. M., &c. Lond. 1705. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>10,056, c. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The - voyages and travels of Sir J. Mandevile ... where in is set - down the way to the Holy Land.... As also to the lands of - the Great Caan, and of Prester John; to India, and divers - other countries, &c. Lond. 1710. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>10,055, a. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The - Travels and voyages of Sir J. M., &c. Lond. 1720? 12<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>Grenville, 2247. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's - travels. London, for J. Osborne. (A chap book.) No date - ? 1720-30. 12<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>683, f. 18. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The voiage - and travaile of Sir I Maundevile, which treateth of the way - to Hierusalem, and of marvayles of Inde, with other ilands, - and countreyes. Now publish'd entire from an original MS. in - the Cotton Library. Lond. 1725. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<blockquote><p> -<i>Note.</i> There is another title page, with the date 1727. -</p></blockquote> - -<p>149, b. 8. Another edition of the same in the King's - Library—without the 1727 title page.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page287" id="page287"></a>[pg 287]</span></p> - -<p>The Grenville Library also has copies of the 1727 edition - of the Cotton M.S. and Halliwell's reprint of same, edition - 1839.</p> - -<p>212, e. 6. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Receuil - ou abrègè des voiages et observations de, &c. (Receuil de - divers Voyages Curieux, &c.) Vol. 2. 1729. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>435, a. <span class="sc">i</span>. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The Travels - and Voyages of Sir I. M. Lond. 1730? 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>454, f. 6. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. See Bergeron - (P.) <i>Parisien</i> Voyages faits principalement en Asie dans les - <span class="sc">xii.</span> <span class="sc">xiii.</span> <span class="sc">xiv.</span> et <span class="sc">xv</span> - siecles, &c. 1735. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>100,56, cc. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. De - Wonderlÿke Reyse van Ian Mandevyl, &c. Amsterdam, - 1742? 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>790, b. 34. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. De wonderlyke - Reize van Jan Mandevyl, &c. Amsterdam 1750? 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>1077, i. 14/23. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The - foreign travels of Sir I. M., &c. (A chap book.) Aldermary - Church Yard, Lond. 1750? 12<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>10,056, aa. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. De wonderlyke - Reize van Ian Mandevyl, &c. Amsterdam, 1760. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>10,055, b. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. De wonderlyke - Reize von I. Mandevyl, &c. Amsterdam, 1779. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>12,315, aaa. 6/3. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The - foreign travels of Sir I. M., &c. London, 1780? 12<sup>o</sup>. (A - chap book.)</p> - -<p>1295, c. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. De wonderlyke - Reyse van Ian Mandevyl, naer het H. Land, gedden in 't - jaer 1622 (1322) ... Menheeft desen nieuwen Gendsehen - Druk van alle Touten gesuyverd, &c. Gend. 1780? 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>1076, l. 3/12. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The - foreign travels and dangerous voyages of Sir I. M. (A chap - book). London, 1785? 12<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>209, h. <span class="sc">ii</span>. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Liber - Præsens ... agit de diversis patriis ... & insulis, Turcia, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page288" id="page288"></a>[pg 288]</span> - Armenia, &c. Hakluyt's Collection of the early Voyages, &c. - Vol. 2. 1809, &c. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>790, g. 17. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The - Voiage and Travaile of Sir I. Maundeville ... which treateth - of the way to Hierusalem; and of Marvayles of Inde, with - other Islands and Countryes. Reprinted from the Edition of - <span class="sc">a.d.</span> 1725, with an Introduction, Additional Notes, and Glossary, - by J. O. Halliwell. Lond. 1839. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>836, i. 23(<span class="sc">i</span>). Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Bibliographische - Untersuchungen über die Reise. Beschreibung - des Sir I. M., &c. 1840. 4<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>2101, a. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Early Travels - in Palestine, comprising the narratives of Arculf, Willibald ... - Sir I. Mandeville (the latter entitled The Book of Sir I. M. - <span class="sc">a.d.</span> 1322-1356), &c.—Bohn's Antiquarian Library, 1847, &c. - 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>1007, 6, aa. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. Des - edlen engelländischen Ritters ... J. v. Montevilla ... Reis - Beschreibung ... von Neueman's Licht gestellt durch O. F. H. - Schönhuth.</p> - -<p>Reutlingen, 1865. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>10,075, g. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The Voiage - and Travaile of Sir J. Maundevile ... Reprinted from the - edition of 1725. With an introduction, additional notes, and - glossary, by J. O. Halliwell, &c. Lond. 1866. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>11,900, bb. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) the <i>Traveller</i>. A Translation - of a portion of Sir J. M.'s travels. (Irish.) See <i>Todd</i> - (J. H.), <i>D.D.</i> Some account of the Irish manuscript, &c. - 1867. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<p>12,226, bbbb. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. I. - Viaggi di G da Mandavilla. Volgarizzamento antico Toscano, - ora ridotto a buona lezione coll' ainto di due testi a penna per - cura di F. Zambrini. 2 vols. Bologna, Imola (printed) 1870. - 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page289" id="page289"></a>[pg 289]</span></p> - -<p>10,027, aaa. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>the Traveller</i>. The - English Explorers, &c.</p> - -<p><i>Note.</i> Forming part of "Nimmo's National Library," Lond. - Edinburgh (printed), 1875. 8<sup>o</sup>. - </p> - -<p>Ac. 9057. Mandeville (<i>Sir</i> John) <i>The Traveller</i>. Mandevilles - Rejse, på danok fra 15<sup>de</sup> århundrede,... udgiven af - M. Lorenzen. 1881, &c. 8<sup>o</sup>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotepred1" name="footnotepred1"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagpred1">1:</a> -St. Albans.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotepred2" name="footnotepred2"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagpred2">2:</a> -This edition has no date, but <i>Brunet</i> says (vol. iii. p. 1359) that it is -printed from the same type used by <i>Gerard Leeu</i> at Antwerp in 1484 or -1485. As <i>Graesse</i> also confirms this, I attribute that date to it.</p> - -<p class="footnote"><a id="footnotepred3" name="footnotepred3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagpred3">3:</a> -The dated works of Est, Este, East, or Easte range from 1565 to over 1600. -</p></blockquote> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px; padding-top: 5em; padding-bottom: 5em;"> -<a href="images/289-400.png"><img src="images/289-200.png" width="200" height="167" alt="glyph" /></a></div> - -<hr class="medium" /> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px; padding-top: 10em; padding-bottom: 5em;"> -<a href="images/290-500.png"><img src="images/290-200.png" width="200" height="275" alt="logo" /></a></div> - -<p class="centersb">CHISWICK PRESS:—C. WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS COURT,<br /> -CHANCERY LANE.</p> -<hr /> - -<div class="tn"> - -<h4>Transcriber's Note<a name="transcriber_note"></a></h4> - - <p>The spelling of this book is from the 14th Century, is often - phonetic, and is not necessarily consistent.</p> - - <p>e.g., 'hear' (auditory) is also spelt 'here' and 'heare';<br /> - 'here' (location) is also spelt 'heere', 'heare';<br /> - 'here' has also been used to spell 'hair';<br /> - 'were' is sometimes used for 'where';<br /> - 'Jhon' is 'John', etc.</p> - - <p>'y<sup>t</sup>' usually means 'that', and 'y<sup>e</sup>' is 'the'.</p> - - <p>'to' is used for 'to' and 'too';<br /> - 'by' for 'by' and 'buy';<br /> - 'of' for 'of' and 'off';<br /> - and 'off' for 'off' and 'of'....</p> - - <p>'li' = libre = a pound (both weight and money, depending on - context);<br /> - a groat = 4 pence; a florin = 2 shillings.</p> - - <p>A word or name can be spelt several ways in the same paragraph, - and names capitalised and non-capitalised in the same sentence.</p> - - <p> Apostrophes (of ownership) were sometimes present, sometimes - absent, even in the same paragraph.</p> - - <p>Also, (e.g.):</p> - - <p>'le IIII iour dauril' = 'le IIII jour d'avril' = the 4th day of April;<br /> - 'natif dangleterre' = 'natif d'angleterre' = 'native of England', etc.</p> - - <p>"And ye shall understande that Lothe was Arons sone, Abraham's - brother, and Sara Abraham's wyfe was Loths syster, and Sara was - xc yere olde when she gate Ysaac and Abraham had another son named - Ismael that he had gotten on his mayden Ager."</p> - - <p>14th century spellings have not been modernised. 'u' was often, - but not always, printed for 'v'</p> - - <p>Modern spelling rules did not apply until later in the reign of - Queen Victoria (19th century).</p> - - <p>Many strange spellings of personal and place names have been - explained by the author in the Footnotes.</p> - - <p>This book has many Footnotes, and the Footnotes have been placed - at the ends of their relevant Chapters.</p> - - <p>Some missing or damaged punctuation has been repaired, though - punctuation was not always present. </p> - - <p>Some missing Greek diacritics have been added, and some Greek and Latin typos corrected.</p> - - <p>Some illustrations which interrupted paragraphs have been moved to - more appropriate places. There are also some small 'glyphs' or - small drawings at the ends of some chapters, which have been - placed after the footnotes for the relevant chapters, thus - following the layout of the book.</p> - - <p>Some illustrations have been re-used. One illustration has been - used multiple times. This was common practice with Chap Book - woodcuts, which would have been hand-carved.</p> - - <p>Page xv: The inscription has a character which looks like a reversed - capital C, but which is actually a ROMAN NUMERAL REVERSED ONE HUNDRED <span style="font-size: 1.05em">Ↄ</span> (U+2183). </p> - - <p>The date of the inscription is given as CI<span style="font-size: 1.05em">Ↄ</span>CCLXXXI.<br /> i.e. hundreds, ten, (1000) plus 200 - plus 81, or the year 1281.</p> - - <p>Page 2: catell<sup>5</sup> = chattel ('goods and chattels').</p> - - <p>Pages 5-6: Footnotes #5 and #9 each have 1 answer for 2 queries.</p> - - <p>Page 42: 'Araham's' corrected to 'Abraham's'.</p> - - <p class="ind">"And two myle from Ebron is the grave of Loth<sup>6</sup> that was Abraham's - brother." (F. 6: Lot.)</p> - - <p>Page 47: 'is' corrected to 'it'.</p> - - <p class="ind">"... and that it was forbidden in the olde lawe."</p> - - <p>Page 53. "... and thereby are three<sup>15</sup> other pyllers...."</p> - - <p class="ind">Footnote 15: [Other editions say four, which is the number represented in the - engraving.] So this edition would appear to be correct, as one - pillar, plus three other pillars = four pillars.</p> - - <p>Page 54: 'me' corrected to (second) 'men'. (original printer error? - or original author's careless style?)</p> - - <p class="ind">"... as these landes are lost through sinne of Christen men, so - shall they be won againe by christen men throygh the helpe of God."</p> - - <p>Page 58: "... they encline<sup>1</sup> thereto & and then they take it, and - laye it upon their heads, and afterward...."</p> - <p>Either '&' or 'and' is extraneous. For consistency, transcriber removed '&'.</p> - - <p>Page 84: Footnote #4 has 1 answer for 2 queries.</p> - - <p>Page 91, Footnote 7: 'Khalif Molawakkel' corrected to Khalif Motawakkel (i.e. Al-Mutawakkil) ...<br /> - <span class="ind2">(https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil).</span></p> - - <p>Page 94: "... or else at Lamaton, And then enter shyppe againe,..." - is as printed, and it does make sense, in the context.</p> - - <p>Page 110, Footnote 5: There are two Footnotes #5 and one Footnote - reference #5, all matching original, but they <i>are</i> connected.</p> - - <p>Page 120, Footnote 1: 'Monscoli' corrected to 'Monocoli'</p> - - <p class="ind">"For instance, in Book 7, chap, li., devoted to - Man, he (Plini) quotes Ctesias as saying that in India is another race of - men, who are known as Monocoli, who have only one leg, but are - able to leap with surprising agility."</p> - - <p>Page 152: Illustration removed: duplicate of illo on previous page.</p> - - <p>Page 157, Footnote 1(cont): first letter <ins title="Greek: tau">τ</ins> corrected to first - letter <ins title="Greek: sigma">σ</ins>.</p> - <p><ins title="Greek: tpithami">τπιθαμὶ</ins> - should be <ins title="Greek: spithamai">σπιθαμὶ</ins>, <i>'spans'</i>.</p> - - <p>Page 162: Removed extraneous 'his'</p> - - <p class="ind">"and the cause was we had so great desire to see the nobilitye of - his [his] court,..."</p> - - <p>Page 167: 'coulentium' ... perhaps 'colentium'? 'coulentium' may be an acceptable medieval spelling.</p> - - <p>Page 167, Footnote 1: Ok-lar-Khan ... or Oktaï-Khan. But some 19th century books give the name as Oktar, and there are other possibilities.</p> - - <p>Page 187, Footnote 6: Removed extraneous "on".</p> - - <p class="ind">Silver Hoop about the end, whereon [on] is engraven <i>Griphi - Unguis....</i></p> - - <p>Page 206: 'if' correct as printed. Middle English "All if" = "even though":</p> - - <p class="ind">"even though the carbuncles give great light, nevertheless ...".</p> - - <p>Page 233: Removed extraneous 'are'.</p> - - <p class="ind">"In this countrey also are [are] found canes of an incredible - length,..."</p> - - <p>Page 243, Footnote 1: 'Fokieu' corrected to 'Fokien' (typo).</p> - - <p>Pages 277-289: The extra spaces in the book's layout have been - retained, as necessary to show the library cataloguing.</p> - - <p>Page 277: 'chlr' is as printed. Abbreviation for chevalier (knight).</p> - - <p class="ind">Grenville XXXIX. A 14 Cent. MS. fol. on vellum in double columns,...<br /> - It commences "Ci comence le liure qui parle des diuersités des pais - qui sunt par universe monde:<br /> le quel liure fut compile par mesire - Jehan Mandeuille chlr ne dangleterre de la uille con dit Saint Albain."</p> - - <p>Pages 280 et seq: GRENVILLE</p> - -<p class="ind">GRENVILLE, Thomas [1755-1846]. 'The Grenville Library'. -Scope: Approximately 16,000 works (in 20,240 volumes) collected by the statesman -and British Museum Trustee Thomas Grenville. The collection contains printed books -from the 15th to 19th centuries, and complements the King's Library in terms of -incunabula and post-incunabula, early voyages, bibles, vernacular poetry and -romances (especially Italian and Spanish), and English literature. The collection -is particularly noted for its fine bindings. Bequeathed to the Museum in 1846. -Although part of the Grenville Library, the volumes at G.20276-78 were absent -from the collection when it arrived at the British Museum. They were subsequently -acquired though the book trade by either the British Museum or the British Library.</p> - - <p>Page 281: 'zii' corrected to 'zü'. 'zu' may have been better, but - 'zü' is used in the entry above, 'Gedrucht zü Augspurg' and now used - here, 'Getruckt zü Strassburg', to match. The entries are from 1482 - and 1484, when spelling was more or less invented to suit the - writer's personal preferences.</p> - - <p>Another copy has 'Gedruckt zů Augspurg....'</p> - - <p>Page 284-5: 'unnd' (as printed) is common in 16th century German.</p> - -</div> - -<p><a href="#top">Return to Top</a></p> -<hr /> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Voiage and Travayle of Sir John -Maundeville Knight, by John Maundeville and John Ashton - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR JOHN MAUNDEVILLE KNIGHT *** - -***** This file should be named 54281-h.htm or 54281-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/2/8/54281/ - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Lesley Halamek, Stephen Rowland -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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