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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #54267 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/54267)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1, No. 17,
-October 24, 1840, by Various
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1, No. 17, October 24, 1840
-
-Author: Various
-
-Release Date: March 1, 2017 [EBook #54267]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading
-Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
-images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org)
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-
-
-                        THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL.
-
-      NUMBER 17.       SATURDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1840.       VOLUME I.
-
-[Illustration: NEW BRIDGE, COUNTY OF KILDARE.]
-
-It is a curious circumstance, that while among the most humble and
-illiterate, as well as among the high and educated classes of society in
-Ireland, a certain degree of interest and respect is usually felt for
-the ecclesiastical and military remains of past ages, those of a purely
-useful character, as ancient bridges for example, excite no corresponding
-sentiments, and are destroyed without causing the slightest feeling of
-regret in the minds of any portion of society. Strange, however, as this
-may appear, the fact is undeniable, as the recent destruction of Thomond
-Bridge at Limerick, and the intended destruction of other ancient bridges
-on that noble river and elsewhere, sufficiently testify; and in a few
-years more there will, in all probability, scarcely remain in the country
-a single example of monuments of this class. Yet it cannot be said that
-such memorials of the progress of civilization in past ages are without
-their hallowing associations, or that their moss-stained and ivy-mantled
-arches are less pleasing to the lover of the picturesque than those of
-the ruined castle, church, or abbey. Who that has ever seen the ancient
-bridge of Limerick, with its fifteen arches, exhibiting every variety
-of form, its horizontal line contrasting so admirably with the upright
-forms of the adjacent objects, and calling up in the mind recollections
-of the finest landscapes of Claude--who, we say, that has enjoyed this
-pleasure of a refined taste, but will hear testimony to the truth of
-our assertion, and regret the circumstances which have given birth to
-it? Who, in like manner, that has ever seen the ancient bridge which
-forms the embellishment of our present number, but would deeply lament
-its destruction? Yet such was the fate to which it was doomed, but a
-few years since, by a county grand jury, and from which it only escaped
-through the influence of the worthy proprietor of St Woolstan’s, Richard
-Cane, Esq., who, in a spirit equally honourable to his taste and his
-nationality, declared that sooner than permit so interesting a monument
-of antiquity to be destroyed, he would build a new bridge at his own
-expense. Alas! that we have not amongst us a greater number of gentlemen
-of his taste, wealth, and spirit!
-
-Despite of its contradictory name, New Bridge is the oldest bridge now
-remaining on the beautiful Liffey, and, with the exception of the ancient
-Bridge of Dublin, which was taken down and rebuilt some years since, is
-probably the first bridge of stone ever erected on it. From Pembridge’s
-Annals, as published by the Father of British antiquaries, William
-Camden, we learn that this bridge was erected in the year 1308, by John
-le Decer, the Mayor of Dublin in that year, at his own expense. So that
-by a curious and not uninteresting coincidence, it owes its erection to
-one worthy and patriotic citizen of Dublin, and its preservation, after a
-lapse of more than five hundred years, to another.
-
-New Bridge is situated in the barony of North Salt, about one Irish mile
-south-west of the town of Leixlip. It consists of four arches, some
-of which are semicircular and others pointed; and, like most ancient
-bridges, it is high and extremely narrow. Mantled with luxuriant ivy, and
-enriched with the varied and mellow tints of so many centuries, it is
-in itself an object of great picturesque beauty; but these attractions
-are greatly enhanced by the quiet yet romantic features of the scenery
-immediately about it--particularly the woods and the ruins of the
-venerable Abbey of St Woolstan, of which we shall give some account in a
-future number.
-
-                                                                       P.
-
-
-
-
-ANCIENT IRISH LITERATURE.
-
-NUMBER III.
-
-
-For our third specimen of the literature of our ancestors we have
-selected an example of what may be called the fireside stories, in vogue
-from a very ancient period till the last century. These stories are for
-the most part only personal traditions, and as they are not found in any
-vellum manuscripts which have descended to us, it might be concluded
-that they are of very modern date. Such conclusion, however, would be
-erroneous; there is no doubt that in their groundwork at least they are
-of an antiquity of several centuries, although modified in their language
-and allusions in conformity with the changes in manners and customs of
-succeeding times. The personages who figure in them are always either
-historical, or belonging to the ancient mythology of Ireland, and they
-are well worthy of preservation, for the light which they reflect on the
-habits of thought, as well as the manners and customs of bygone times.
-
-
-BODACH AN CHOTA-LACHTNA, OR THE CLOWN WITH THE GREY COAT, A FENIAN TALE.
-
-On a certain day a fair and a gathering were held at Bineadar, by the
-seven ordinary and seven extraordinary battalions of the Fenians of
-Erinn. In the course of the day, on casting a look over the broad expanse
-of the sea, they beheld a large, smooth-sided, and proud-looking ship
-ploughing the waves from the east, and approaching them under full sail.
-When the capacious vessel touched the shore and lowered her sails, the
-Fenians of Erinn counted upon seeing a host of men disembark from her;
-and great was their surprise when one warrior, and no more, came out
-of the ship and landed on the beach. He was a hero of the largest make
-of body, the strongest of champions, and the finest of the human race;
-and in this wise was the kingly warrior equipped:--an impenetrable
-helmet of polished steel encased his ample and beautiful head; a
-deep-furrowed, thick-backed, sharp-edged sword hung at his left side; and
-a purple bossed shield was slung over his shoulder. Such were his chief
-accoutrements; and armed in this fashion and manner did the stranger come
-into the presence of Finn Mac Coole and the Fenians of Erinn.
-
-It was then that Finn, the King of the Fenians, addressed the heroic
-champion, and questioned him, saying, “From what quarter of the globe
-hast thou come unto us, O goodly youth? or from which of the noble or
-ignoble races of the universe art thou sprung? Who art thou?”
-
-“I am,” answered the stranger, “Ironbones, the son of the King of
-Thessaly; and so far as I have travelled on this globe, since the day
-that I left my own land, I have laid every country, peninsula, and
-island, under contribution to my sword and my arm: this I have done even
-to the present hour; and my desire is to obtain the crown and tribute of
-this country in like manner: for if I obtain them not, I purpose to bring
-slaughter of men and deficiency of heroes and youthful warriors on the
-seven ordinary and seven extraordinary battalions of the Fenian host.
-Such, O king, is the object of my visit to this country, and such is my
-design in landing here.”
-
-Hereupon uprose Conán the Bald, and said, “Of a truth, my friend, it
-seems to me that you have come upon a foolish enterprise, and that to
-the end of your life, and the close of your days, you will not be able
-to accomplish your purpose; because from the beginning of ages until
-now, no man ever heard of a hero or ever saw a champion coming with any
-such mighty design to Ireland, who did not find his match in that same
-country.”
-
-But Ironbones replied: “I make but very little account of your speech,
-Conán,” said he: “for if all the Fenian heroes who have died within the
-last seven years were now in the world, and were joined by those who
-are now living, I would visit all of them with the sorrow of death and
-show all of them the shortness of life in one day; nevertheless I will
-make your warriors a more peaceable proposal. I challenge you then, O
-warriors, to find me a man among you who can vanquish me in running,
-in fighting, or in wrestling; if you can do this, I shall give you no
-further trouble, but return to my own country without loitering here any
-longer.”
-
-“And pray,” inquired Finn, “which of those three manly exercises that you
-have named will it please you to select for the first trial of prowess?”
-
-To this Ironbones answered, “If you can find for me any one champion of
-your number who can run faster than I can, I will give you no further
-annoyance, but depart at once to my own country.”
-
-“It so happens,” said Finn, “that our Man of Swiftness, Keelte Mac Ronan,
-is not here at present to try his powers of running with you; and as he
-is not, it were better, O hero, that you should sojourn here a season
-with the Fenians, that you and they may mutually make and appreciate each
-other’s acquaintance by means of conversation and amusements, as is our
-wont. In the meanwhile I will repair to Tara of the Kings in quest of
-Keelte Mac Ronan; and if I have not the good fortune to find him there, I
-shall certainly meet with him at Ceis-Corann of the Fenii, from whence I
-shall without delay bring him hither to meet you.”
-
-To this Ironbones agreed, saying that he was well satisfied with what
-Finn proposed; and thereupon Finn proceeded on his way towards Tara of
-the Kings, in search of Keelte. Now, it fell out that as he journeyed
-along he missed his way, so that he came to a dense, wide, and gloomy
-wood, divided in the midst by a broad and miry road or pathway. Before he
-had advanced more than a very little distance on this road, he perceived
-coming directly towards him an ugly, detestable looking giant, who wore
-a grey frize coat, the skirts of which reached down to the calves of
-his legs, and were bespattered with yellow mud to the depth of a hero’s
-hand; so that every step he made, the lower part of that coat struck
-with such violence against his legs as to produce a sound that could be
-distinctly heard a full mile of ground off. Each of the two legs that
-sustained the unwieldy carcase of this horrible hideous monster was like
-the mast of a great ship, and each of the two shoes that were under his
-shapeless, horny, long-nailed hoofs, resembled a roomy long-sided boat;
-and every time that he lifted his foot, and at every step that he walked,
-he splashed up from each shoe a good barrelful of mire and water on the
-lower part of his body. Finn gazed in amazement at the colossal man, for
-he had never before seen any one so big and bulky; yet he would have
-passed onward and continued his route, but the giant stopped and accosted
-him, and Finn was under the necessity of stopping also, and exchanging a
-few words with the giant.
-
-The giant began in this manner:--“What, ho! Finn Mac Coole,” said he,
-“what desire for travelling is this that has seized on you, and how far
-do you mean to go upon this journey?”
-
-“Oh,” said Finn, “as to that, my trouble and anxiety are so great that I
-cannot describe them to you now, and indeed small is the use,” added he,
-“it would be of to me to attempt doing so; and I think it would be better
-for you to let me go on my way without asking any more questions of me.”
-
-But the giant was not so easily put off. “O Finn,” said he, “you may keep
-your secret if you like, but all the loss and the misfortune attending
-your silence will be your own; and when you think well upon that, maybe
-you would not boggle any longer about disclosing to me the nature of your
-errand.”
-
-So Finn, seeing the huge size of the giant, and thinking it advisable
-not to provoke him, began to tell him all that had taken place among the
-Fenians of Erinn so short a time before. “You must know,” said he, “that
-at the meridian hour of this very day the great Ironbones, the son of
-the King of Thessaly, landed at the harbour of Bineadar, with the view
-of taking the crown and sovereignty of Ireland into his own hands; and
-if he does not obtain them with the free and good will of the Irish, he
-threatens to distribute death and destruction impartially among the young
-and old of our heroes; howbeit he has challenged us to find a man able to
-surpass him in running, fighting, or wrestling, and if we can find such a
-man, then he agrees to forego his pretensions, and to return to his own
-country without giving us further trouble; and that,” said Finn, “is the
-history that I have for you.”
-
-“And how do you intend to oppose the royal warrior?” asked the giant; “I
-know him well, and I know he has the vigour in his hand and the strength
-in his arm to carry every threat he makes into effect.”
-
-“Why, then,” said Finn, in answer to this, “I intend to go to Tara of
-the Kings for Keelte Mac Ronan, and if I do not find him there, I will
-go to look for him at Ceis-Corann of the Fenii; and it is he,” said he,
-“whom I mean to bring with me for the purpose of vanquishing this hero in
-running.”
-
-“Alas!” said the giant, “weak is your dependence and feeble your champion
-for propping and preserving the monarchy of Ireland; and if Keelte
-Mac Ronan be your _Tree of Defiance_, you are already a man without a
-country.”
-
-“It is I, then,” said Finn, “who am sorry you should say so; and what to
-do in this extremity I cannot tell.”
-
-“I will show you,” replied the gigantic man: “just do you say nothing at
-all but accept of me as the opponent of this champion; and it may happen
-that I shall be able to get you out of your difficulty.”
-
-“O,” said Finn, “for the matter of that, it is my own notion that you
-have enough to do if you can carry your big coat and drag your shoes with
-you one half mile of ground in a day, without trying to rival such a hero
-as Ironbones in valour or agility.”
-
-“You may have what notions you like,” returned the giant, “but I tell you
-that if I am not able to give battle to this fighting hero, there never
-has been and there is not now a man in Ireland able to cope with him. But
-never mind, Finn Mac Coole, let not your spirits be cast down, for I will
-take it on myself to deliver you from the danger that presses on you.”
-
-“What is your name?” demanded Finn.
-
-“Bodach-an-Chota-Lachtna (the Churl with the Grey Coat) is my name,” the
-giant answered.
-
-“Well, then,” said Finn, “you will do well to come along with me.” So
-Finn turned back, and the Bodach went with him; but we have no account of
-their travels till they reached Bineadar. There, when the Fians beheld
-the Bodach attired in such a fashion and trim, they were all very much
-surprised, for they had never before seen the like of him; and they were
-greatly overjoyed that he should make his appearance among them at such a
-critical moment.
-
-As for Ironbones, he came before Finn, and asked him if he had got the
-man who was to contend with him in running. Finn made answer that he
-had, and that he was present among them; and thereupon he pointed out
-the Bodach to him. But as soon as Ironbones saw the Bodach, he was
-seized with astonishment, and his courage was damped at the sight of
-the gigantic proportions of the mighty man, but he pretended to be only
-very indignant, and exclaimed, “What! do you expect me to demean myself
-by engaging in a contest with such an ugly, greasy, hateful-looking
-Bodach as that? It is myself that will do no such thing!” said he; and he
-stepped back and would not go near the Bodach.
-
-When the Bodach saw and heard this, he burst into a loud, hoarse,
-thunderous laugh, and said, “Come, Ironbones, this will not do; I am not
-the sort of person you affect to think me; and it is you that shall have
-proof of my assertion before to-morrow evening; so now, let me know,”
-said he, “what is to be the length of the course you propose to run over,
-for over the same course it is my own intention to run along with you;
-and if I do not succeed in running that distance with you, it is a fair
-conclusion that you win the race, and in like manner if I do succeed in
-outstripping you, then it stands to reason that you lose the race.”
-
-“There is sense and rationality in your language,” replied Ironbones, for
-he saw that he must submit, “and I agree to what you say, but it is my
-wish not to have the course shorter or longer than three score miles.”
-
-“Well,” said the Bodach, “that will answer me too, for it is just three
-score miles from Mount Loocra in Munster to Bineadar; and it will be a
-pleasant run for the pair of us; but if you find that I am not able to
-finish it before you, of course the victory is yours.”
-
-Ironbones replied that he would not contradict so evident a proposition,
-whereupon the Bodach resumed: “What it is proper for you to do now,” said
-he, “is to come along with me southward to Mount Loocra this evening, in
-order that we may make ourselves acquainted with the ground we are to
-go over to-morrow on our return; and we can stop for the night on the
-Mount, so that we may be able to start with the break of day.” To this
-also Ironbones acceded, saying it was a judicious speech, and that he had
-nothing to object to it.
-
-Upon this the two competitors commenced their journey, and little was the
-delay they made until they arrived at Mount Loocra in Munster. As soon as
-they had got thither, the Bodach again addressed Ironbones, and told him
-that he thought their best plan would be to build a hut in the adjoining
-wood, that so they might be protected from the inclemency of the night:
-“for it seems to me, O son of the King of Thessaly,” said he, “that if
-we do not, we are likely to have a hard couch and cold quarters on this
-exposed hill.”
-
-To this Ironbones made reply as thus: “You may do so, if you please, O
-Bodach of the Big Coat, but as for me, I am Ironbones, and care not for
-dainty lodging; and I am mightily disinclined to give myself the trouble
-of building a house hereabouts only to sleep in it one night and never
-see it again; howbeit, if you are desirous of employing your hands there
-is nobody to cross you; you may build, and I shall stay here until you
-have finished.”
-
-“Very good,” said the Bodach, “and build I will; but I shall take good
-care that a certain person who refuses to assist me shall have no share
-in my sleeping-room, should I succeed in making it as comfortable as I
-hope to do;” and with this he betook himself into the wood, and began
-cutting down and shaping pieces of timber with the greatest expedition,
-never ceasing until he had got together six pair of stakes and as many of
-rafters, which with a sufficient quantity of brushwood and green rushes
-for thatch, he carried, bound in one load, to a convenient spot, and
-there set them up at once in regular order; and this part of his work
-being finished, he again entered the wood, and carried from thence a good
-load of dry green sticks, which he kindled into a fire that reached from
-the back of the hut to the door.
-
-While the fire was blazing merrily he left the hut, and again addressing
-his companion, said to him, “O son of the King of Thessaly, called by men
-Ironbones, are you provided with provisions for the night, and have you
-eatables and drinkables to keep you from hunger and thirst?”
-
-“No, I have not,” said Ironbones proudly; “it is myself that used never
-to be without people to provide victuals for me when I wanted them,” said
-he.
-
-“Well, but,” said the Bodach, “you have not your people near you now, and
-so the best thing you can do is to come and hunt with me in the wood, and
-my hand to you, we shall soon have enough of victuals for both of us.”
-
-“I never practised pedestrian hunting,” said Ironbones; “and with the
-like of you I never hunted at all; and I don’t think I shall begin now,”
-said he, in a very dignified sort of way.
-
-“Then I must try my luck by myself,” said the Bodach; and off again he
-bounded into the wood, and after he had gone a little way he roused a
-herd of wild swine and pursued them into the recesses of the wood, and
-there he succeeded in separating from the rest the biggest and fattest
-hog of the herd, which he soon ran down and carried to his hut, where he
-slaughtered it, and cut it into two halves, one of which he placed at
-each side of the fire on a self-moving holly-spit. He then darted out
-once more, and stopped not until he reached the mansion of the Baron of
-Inchiquin, which was thirty miles distant, from whence he carried off a
-table and a chair, two barrels of wine, and all the bread fit for eating
-he could lay his hands on, all of which he brought to Mount Loocra in one
-load. When he again entered his hut, he found his hog entirely roasted
-and in nice order for mastication; so he laid half the meat and bread on
-the table, and sitting down, disposed of them with wonderful celerity,
-drinking at the same time precisely one barrel of the wine, and no more,
-for he reserved the other, as well as the rest of the solids, for his
-breakfast in the morning. Having thus finished his supper, he shook a
-large bundle of green rushes over the floor, and laying himself down,
-soon fell into a comfortable sleep, which lasted until the rising of the
-sun next morning.
-
-As soon as the morning was come, Ironbones, who had got neither food nor
-sleep the whole night, came down from the mountain’s side and awoke the
-Bodach, telling him that it was time to commence their contest. The
-Bodach raised his head, rubbed his eyes, and replied, “I have another
-hour to sleep yet, and when I get up I have to eat half a hog and drink a
-barrel of wine; but as you seem to be in a hurry, you have my consent to
-proceed on your way before me: and you may be sure I will follow you.” So
-saying, he laid his head down and fell again a-snoring; and upon seeing
-this, Ironbones began the race by himself, but he moved along heavily and
-dispiritedly, for he began to have great dread and many misgivings, by
-reason of the indifference with which the Bodach appeared to regard the
-issue of the contest.
-
-When the Bodach had slept his fill he got up, washed his hands and face,
-and having placed his bread and meat on the table, he proceeded to devour
-them with great expedition, and then washed them down with his barrel of
-wine; after which he collected together all the bones of the hog and put
-them into a pocket in the skirt of his coat. Then setting out on his race
-in company with a pure and cool breeze of wind, he trotted on and on, nor
-did he ever halt on his rapid course until he had overtaken Ironbones,
-who with a dejected air and drooping head was wending his way before him.
-The Bodach threw down the bare bones of the hog in his path, and told
-him he was quite welcome to them, and that if he could find any pickings
-on them he might eat them, “for,” said he, “you must surely be hungry by
-this time, and myself can wait until you finish your breakfast.”
-
-But Ironbones got into a great passion on hearing this, and he cried,
-“You ugly Bodach with the Big Coat, you greasy, lubberly, uncouth tub of
-a man, I would see you hanged, so I would, before you should catch me
-picking such dirty common bones as these--hogs’ bones, that have no meat
-on them at all, and have moreover been gnawed by your own long, ugly,
-boarish tusks.”
-
-“O, very well,” replied the Bodach, “then we will not have any more words
-about them for bones; but let me recommend to you to adopt some more
-rapid mode of locomotion, if you desire to gain the crown, sovereignty,
-and tributes of the kingdom of Ireland this turn, for if you go on at
-your present rate, it is second best that you will be after coming off,
-I’m thinking.” And having so spoken, off he darted as swift as a swallow,
-or a roebuck, or a blast of wind rushing down a mountain declivity on a
-March day, Ironbones in the meantime being about as much able to keep
-pace with him as he was to scale the firmament; nor did he check his own
-speed until he had proceeded thirty miles on the course. He then stopped
-for a while to eat of the blackberries which grew in great abundance on
-the way, and while he was thus employed, Ironbones came up with him and
-spoke to him. “Bodach,” said he, “ten miles behind us I saw one skirt of
-your grey coat, and ten miles farther back again I saw another skirt; and
-it is my persuasion, and I am clearly of the opinion, that you ought to
-return for these two skirts without more to do, and pick them up.”
-
-“Is it the skirts of this big coat that I have on me you mean?” asked the
-Bodach, looking down at his legs.
-
-“Why, to be sure it is them that I mean,” answered Ironbones.
-
-“Well,” said the Bodach, “I certainly must get my coat skirts again;
-and so I will run back for them if you consent to stop here eating
-blackberries until I return.”
-
-“What nonsense you talk!” cried Ironbones. “I tell you I am decidedly
-resolved not to loiter on the race; and my fixed determination is not to
-eat any blackberries.”
-
-“Then move on before me,” said the Bodach, upon which Ironbones pushed
-onward, while the Bodach retraced his steps to the different spots where
-the skirts of his coat were lying, and having found them and tacked
-them to the body of the coat, he resumed his route and again overtook
-Ironbones, whom he thus addressed: “It is needful and necessary that I
-should acquaint you of one thing, O Ironbones, and that is, that you
-must run at a faster rate than you have hitherto used, and keep pace
-with me on the rest of the course, or else there is much likelihood and
-considerable probability that the victory will go against you, because
-I will not again have to go back either for my coat-skirts or anything
-else;” and having given his companion this warning, he set off once
-more in his usual manner, nor did he stop until he reached the side of
-a hill, within ten miles of Bineadar, where he again fell a-plucking
-blackberries, and ate an extraordinary number of them. When he could eat
-no more, his jaws being tired and his stomach stuffed, he took off his
-great coat, and handling his needle and thread, he sewed it into the
-form of a capacious sack, which he filled with blackberries; this he
-slung over his shoulders, and then off he scampered for Bineadar, greatly
-refreshed, and with the speed of a young buck.
-
-In the meantime Finn and his troops were awaiting in great doubt and
-dread the result of the race, though, without knowing who the Bodach was,
-they had a certain degree of confidence in him; and there was a champion
-of the Fenians on the top of the Hill of Howth, who had been sent thither
-by Finn, and had been there from an early hour of the morning to see
-which of the competitors would make his appearance first in view. When
-this man saw the Bodach coming over the nearest eminence, with his heavy
-burden on his back, he thought that to a certainty it was Ironbones
-whom he beheld, and fled back quite terrified to Finn and the troops,
-telling them Ironbones was coming up, carrying the Bodach dead over his
-shoulders. This news at first depressed Finn and the troops; but Finn by
-and bye exclaimed, “I will give a suit of armour and arms to the man who
-brings me better news than that!” whereupon one of the heroes went forth,
-and he had not proceeded far when he espied the Bodach advancing towards
-the outposts of the troops, and knowing him at a glance, he flew back to
-Finn and announced to him the glad tidings.
-
-Finn thereupon went joyfully out to meet the Bodach, who speedily came
-up and threw down his burden, crying out aloud, “I have good and famous
-news for all of you; but,” added he, “my hunger is great, and my desire
-for food pressing; and I cannot tell you what has occurred until I have
-eaten a very large quantity of oatmeal and blackberries. Now, as for the
-latter, that is, the blackberries, I have got them myself in this big
-sack, but the oatmeal I expect to be provided for me by you; and I hope
-that you will lose no time in getting it, and laying it before me, for I
-am weak for the want of nutriment, and my corporeal powers are beginning
-to be exhausted.” Upon hearing this Finn replied that his request should
-be at once attended to, and in a little space of time, accordingly, there
-was spread under the Bodach a cloth of great length and breadth, with a
-vast heap of oatmeal in the middle of it, into which the Bodach emptied
-out all the blackberries in his bag; and having stirred the entire mess
-about for some time with a long pole, he commenced eating and swallowing
-with much vigour and determination.
-
-He had not been long occupied in this way before he descried Ironbones
-coming towards the troops with his hand on the hilt of his sword,
-his eyes flaming like red coals in his head, and ready to commence
-slaughtering all before him because he had been vanquished in the
-contest. But he was not fated to put his designs into execution, for when
-the Bodach saw what wickedness he had in his mind, he took up a handful
-of the oatmeal and blackberries, and dashing it towards Ironbones with
-an unerring aim, it struck him so violently on the face that it sent his
-head spinning through the air half a mile from his body, which fell to
-the ground and there remained writhing in all the agonies of its recent
-separation, until the Bodach had concluded his meal. The Bodach then rose
-up and went in quest of the head, which after a little searching about
-he found; and casting it from his hands with an unerring aim, he sent
-it bowling along the ground all the half mile back again, until coming
-to the body it stopped and fastened itself on as well as ever, the only
-difference being that the face was now turned completely round to the
-back of the neck, while the back of the head was in front.
-
-The Bodach having accomplished this feat much to his satisfaction,
-now grasped Ironbones firmly by the middle, threw him to the ground,
-tied him hand and foot so that he could not stir, and addressed him in
-these words: “O Ironbones, justice has overtaken you: the sentence your
-own vain mind had passed on others is about to be pronounced against
-yourself; and all the liberty that I feel disposed to leave you is the
-liberty of choosing what kind of death you think it most agreeable to
-die of. What a silly notion you did get into your noddle, surely, when
-you fancied that you, single-handed, could make yourself master of the
-crown, sovereignty, and tributes of Ireland, even though there had been
-nobody to thwart your arrogant designs but myself! But take comfort and
-be consoled, for it shall never be said of the Fians of Ireland that
-they took mortal vengeance on a single foe without any warriors to back
-him; and if you be a person to whom life is a desirable possession, I am
-willing to allow you to live, on condition that you will solemnly swear
-by the sun and moon that you will send the chief tributes of Thessaly
-every year to Finn Mac Coole here in Ireland.”
-
-With many wry faces did Ironbones at length agree to take this oath; upon
-which the Bodach loosed his shackles and gave him liberty to stand up;
-then having conducted him towards the sea-shore, he made him go into the
-ship, to which, after turning its prow from the shore, he administered
-a kick in the stern, which sent it seven miles over the waters at once.
-And such was the manner in which Ironbones executed his vain-glorious
-project, and in this way it was that he was sent off from the shores of
-Ireland, without victory, honour, or glory, and deprived of the power of
-ever again boasting himself to be the first man on the earth in battle or
-combat.
-
-But on the return of the Bodach to the troops, the sun and the wind
-lighted up one side of his face and his head in such a way that Finn
-and the Fians at once recognised him as Manannan Mac Lir, the Tutelary
-Fairy of Cruachan, who had come to afford them his assistance in their
-exigency. They welcomed him accordingly with all the honour that was due
-to him, and feasted him sumptuously for a year and a day. And these are
-the adventures of the Bodach an Chota-Lachtna.
-
-
-
-
-THE BARGAIN.
-
-
-“What have you there, husband?” said Mrs Courtland to her thrifty and
-careful spouse, as the latter paused in the open door to give some
-directions to a couple of porters who had just set something upon the
-pavement in front of the house.
-
-“Just wait a moment, and I’ll tell you. Here, Henry! John! bring it in
-here,” and the two porters entered with a beautiful sofa, nearly new.
-
-“Why, that _is_ a beauty, husband! How kind you are!”
-
-“It’s second-hand, you perceive; but it’s hardly soiled--no one would
-know the difference.”
-
-“It’s just as good as new. What did you give for it?”
-
-“That’s the best part of it. It is a splendid bargain. It didn’t cost a
-cent less than a hundred dollars. Now, what do you think I got it for?”
-“Sixty dollars?”
-
-“Guess again.” “Fifty?”
-
-“Guess again.” “Forty-five?”
-
-“No. Try again.”
-
-“But what _did_ you give for it, dear?” “Why, only twenty dollars!”
-
-“Well, now, that is a bargain.”
-
-“Ain’t it, though? It takes me to get things cheap,” continued the
-prudent Mr Courtland, chuckling with delight.
-
-“Why, how in the world did it go off so low?” “I managed that. It ain’t
-every one that understands how to do these things.”
-
-“But how did you manage it, dear? I should like to know.”
-
-“Why, you see, there were a great many other things there, and among the
-rest some dirty carpets. Before the sale I pulled over these carpets and
-threw them upon the sofa; a good deal of dust fell from them, and made
-the sofa look fifty per cent. worse than it really was. When the sale
-commenced, there happened to be but few persons there, and I asked the
-auctioneer to sell the sofa first, as I wanted to go, and would bid for
-it if it were sold then. Few persons bid freely at the opening of a sale.
-
-‘What’s bid for this splendid sofa?’ he began.
-
-‘I’ll give you fifteen dollars for it,’ said I; ‘it’s not worth more than
-that, for it’s dreadfully abused.’
-
-‘Fifteen dollars! fifteen dollars! only fifteen dollars for this
-beautiful sofa!’ he went on; and a man next to me bid seventeen dollars.
-I let the auctioneer cry the last bid for a few minutes, until I saw he
-was likely to knock it down.
-
-‘Twenty dollars!’ said I, ‘and that’s as much as I’ll go for it.’
-
-The other bidder was deceived by this as to the real value of the
-sofa, for it did look dreadfully disfigured by the dust and dirt, and
-consequently the sofa was knocked off to me.”
-
-“That was admirably done, indeed!” said Mrs Courtland, with a bland smile
-of satisfaction at having obtained the elegant piece of furniture at so
-cheap a rate. “And it’s so near a match, too, for the sofa in our front
-parlour.”
-
-This scene occurred at the residence of a merchant in this city, who was
-beginning to count his fifty thousands. Let us look at the other side of
-the picture.
-
-On the day previous to this sale, a widow lady with one daughter, a
-beautiful and interesting girl about seventeen, were seated on a sofa
-in a neatly furnished parlour in Hudson-street. The mother held in her
-hand a small piece of paper, on which her eyes were intently fixed; but
-it could readily be perceived that she saw not the characters that were
-written upon it.
-
-“What is to be done, ma?” at length asked the daughter.
-
-“Indeed, my child, I cannot tell. The bill is fifty dollars, and has been
-due, you know, for several days. I haven’t got five dollars, and your
-bill for teaching the Miss Leonards cannot be presented for two weeks,
-and then it will not amount to this sum.”
-
-“Can’t we sell something more, ma?” suggested the daughter.
-
-“We have sold all our plate and jewellery, and now I’m sure I don’t know
-what we can dispose of, unless it be something that we really want.”
-
-“What do you say to selling the sofa, ma?”
-
-“Well, I don’t know, Florence. It don’t seem right to part with it. But
-perhaps we can do without it.”
-
-“It will readily bring fifty dollars, I suppose.”
-
-“Certainly. It is of the best wood and workmanship, and cost one hundred
-and forty dollars. Your father bought it a short time before he died, and
-that is less than two years past you know.”
-
-“I should think it would bring nearly a hundred dollars,” said Florence,
-who knew nothing of auction sacrifices; “and that would give us enough,
-besides paying the quarter’s rent, to keep us comfortably until some of
-my bills come due.”
-
-That afternoon the sofa was sent, and on the next afternoon Florence went
-to the auctioneer’s to receive the money for it.
-
-“Have you sold that sofa yet, sir?” asked the timid girl, in a low,
-hesitating voice.
-
-“What sofa, miss?” asked the clerk, looking steadily in her face with a
-bold stare.
-
-“The sofa sent by Mrs ----, sir.”
-
-“When was it to have been sold?”
-
-“Yesterday, sir.”
-
-“Oh, we haven’t got the bill made out yet. You can call the day after
-to-morrow, and we’ll settle it for you.”
-
-“Can’t you settle it to-day, sir? We want the money particularly.”
-
-Without replying to the timid girl’s request, the clerk commenced
-throwing over the leaves of a large account-book, and in a few minutes
-had taken off the bill of the sofa.
-
-“Here it is--eighteen dollars and sixty cents. See if it’s right, and
-then sign this receipt.”
-
-“Ain’t you mistaken, sir? It was a beautiful sofa, and cost one hundred
-and forty dollars.”
-
-“That’s all it brought, miss, I assure you. Furniture sells very badly
-now.”
-
-Florence rolled up the bills that were given her, and returned home with
-a heavy heart.
-
-“It only brought eighteen dollars and sixty cents, ma,” she said,
-throwing the notes into her mother’s lap, and bursting into tears.
-
-“Heaven only knows, then, what we shall do,” said the widow, clasping her
-hands together, and looking upwards.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-There are always two parties in the case of bargains--the gainer and the
-loser; and while the one is delighted with the advantage he has obtained,
-he thinks nothing of the necessities which have forced the other party to
-accept the highest offer. But few buyers of bargains think or care about
-taking this view of the subject.--_From the New York Mirror._
-
-
-
-
-SONNET--THE DEPARTURE OF LOVE.
-
-
-    Spirit of wordless Love, that in the lone
-      Bowers of the Poet’s museful soul dost weave
-      Tissues of thought, hued like the skies of eve,
-    Ere the last glories of the sun have shone,
-    How soon--almost before our hearts have known
-    The change--above the ruins of thy throne--
-      Whose vanished beauty we would fain retrieve
-      With all Earth’s thrones beside--we stand and grieve!
-    We weep not, for the world’s chill breath hath bound
-      In chains of ice the fountains of our tears,
-      But ever-mourning Memory thenceforth rears
-    Her altars upon desecrated ground,
-    And always, with a low despairful sound,
-      Tolls the disastrous bell of all our years!
-
-                                                         M.
-
-
-
-
-THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTH.
-
-
-In the present limited and daily declining condition of the woollen
-manufacture in Ireland, so few individuals in the country can be
-acquainted with the mode of preparing the clothing of the sheep, and
-altering its form so as to make it suitable and fit for the clothing of
-man, that we deem a short account of the various processes through which
-it passes may be acceptable to many of our readers.
-
-When the sheep-shearer has taken off the fleece, he ties it up in a
-peculiar knot, which is not opened again until the wool-sorter takes it
-in hands. It is his business to open it, and having spread the fleece
-upon a table, and cast his eye over it, he separates it into the number
-of sorts required, the wool being of different degrees of fineness upon
-different parts of the animal. The coarse qualities of fleeces, from
-which low descriptions of cloths, kerseys, blankets, and friezes are
-made, are seldom divided into more than three sorts, the finer into
-four or five, and the finest Saxony into seven, eight, and sometimes
-nine. With the latter we have little to do in this country, there being
-but _one_ factory (that of Messrs Willans) where it is worked; and we
-shall therefore merely follow the progress of a piece of ordinary coarse
-cloth, there being but little difference between it and the finest in the
-general detail: indeed very little at all, except in the additional care
-and expense.
-
-The sorted wool having been carefully examined by women, and freed from
-straws and motes, is taken to the scouring department attached to the
-dye-house, where it is immersed in a hot ley with soap, and well scoured,
-after which it is washed in clean water and left to drain.
-
-It is then coloured, and either allowed to drain, or the colouring matter
-is wrung out, and it is again washed in water until the water runs from
-it unsullied. The apparatus in which it undergoes this process is called
-“the washing-box:” one side and the bottom being of metal perforated with
-innumerable small holes, the water has free ingress and egress, whilst
-the wool is securely retained. Having been thoroughly cleansed, it is
-taken to the drying-loft, if the weather be fine, or to the stove if it
-be unfavourable, and there perfectly dried. From thence it is carried
-to the factory, and placed in the first machine called “the willow,” or
-more generally “the devil”--a machine formed of five or six cylinders
-of different sizes, armed with steel spikes three or four inches long:
-the motion of the cylinders being contrary, the spikes pass between
-each other, tearing the wool open if it should have clotted or got into
-lumps. Cheviot and Scotch wools, and wools damaged by shipwreck, must be
-_willowed_ before they can be even scoured, in consequence of their being
-always matted.
-
-The willow, and all the machines which shall be subsequently mentioned
-in this paper, are driven by the water-wheel or steam-engine--in this
-country almost uniformly by the former. Having been thoroughly opened by
-the willow, the wool is spread upon a floor and oiled, about a quart of
-fine olive oil being the proportion to every stone weight of wool. The
-effect of the oil is to cause the fibres of the wool to separate more
-easily upon the carding-machines, and prevent the too rapid wearing of
-the cards.
-
-The next machine that takes up the work is called “the teazer:” it has
-a greater number of cylinders than the willow, with shorter teeth,
-about an inch in length, and hooked, and some of the cylinders have
-coarse wire cards. Having passed twice or thrice through the teazer,
-the wool is transferred to that part of the mill called, by way of
-pre-eminence, “the machine-room,” where the great scribbling machines,
-or, as they are styled, “scribblers,” are placed. These machines have a
-great number of cylinders of different sizes covered with wire cards of
-various degrees of fineness, so arranged that they take the wool from
-one another, separating the fibres, and transferring it until it has
-passed quite over every cylinder, and is carded out at the farther end
-of the machine (sixteen or eighteen feet from where it was put in) in a
-thin flake like gauze. Having been run through two or three scribblers
-of various fineness, it is passed to the carding machine, or “carder,”
-which resembles the “scribbler,” but is smaller, and instead of the wool
-falling out at the end in a flake, it is caught by a fluted cylinder of
-wood, which, revolving in a semi-cylindrical box, divides and converts
-it into separate soft rolls, about the thickness of ordinary sash rope;
-and these are thrown out upon a sheet of canvass stretched horizontally
-upon rollers, which from its slowly moving, so as to prevent one roll
-from falling upon another, is called “the creeper.” The rolls are taken
-to “the billy,” a sort of preliminary spinning-machine, sometimes worked
-by the water-wheel, but (as yet, especially in Ireland) more generally
-by a man called a “slubber,” who is enabled by it to form from fifty to
-one hundred threads at a time, children being employed to stick the ends
-of the rolls together, which is done by lapping a small portion of the
-tip of one on the other which lies on the “billy-sheet,” and then giving
-them a slight rub. The soft thick thread which the slubber forms is made
-up in conical rolls or “cops,” and is taken to the spinning-machine, “the
-mule,” which has now quite superseded the spinning-jenny, which in its
-day superseded the spinning-wheel. The wheel could spin only one thread
-at a time: the jenny was first made to spin thirty, then forty, then
-fifty, sixty, seventy, and eighty threads at once, by a man’s hand. By
-the “mule,” worked by water, a man can now spin from five hundred to one
-thousand threads of woollen yarn, and of cotton two or three thousand, at
-once.
-
-The thread for the warp is taken from the mule to the “warping-mill,”
-where it is prepared according to the number of threads for the breadth
-of the cloth, the length arranged, and being tied up in a peculiar kind
-of ball, it is called a “warp,” and is taken to the sizing shop, where it
-is dipped in melted size; and having been opened, perfectly saturated,
-and wrung out gently, it is carried to the field, or stove, to be dried.
-The weaver then fixes it in the loom, and procures the “weft” thread,
-which is spun differently from the warp, and is wound upon wooden
-bobbins; having wetted these in water, he fixes one in his shuttle, and
-the threads of the warp being lifted alternately, and the shuttle shot
-between them, the beam of the loom strikes each thread home, and in due
-time the piece is woven. A good weaver with a sound warp can weave in
-a hand-loom from six to nine yards of cloth in a day, but with the new
-power-loom he can weave twenty.
-
-The cloth when taken out of the loom is examined by the overseer, and
-having been passed and dried, is taken to the “scouring-machine,” where
-it is submitted to the action of a strong ley, with fullers’-earth, &c.,
-and worked by the rollers of the machine until both the oil and size have
-been extracted; it is then washed clean with water, taken out, and dried.
-It is next transferred to the tuck-mill, where it is spread out, a large
-quantity of melted soap poured upon it, and being rolled up in a peculiar
-manner, it is placed in “the stock,” where two huge hammers made of oak,
-weighing from two to three cwt. each, called “stock-feet,” being raised
-by a wheel and then let go, fall upon it alternately, until the soap has
-been forced through every part of it, and the cloth has narrowed, or,
-to speak technically, “milled in,” a half yard or three quarters, and
-shortened a fourth or fifth of its length, when it is pronounced to be
-“milled.” It is then again placed in the “washing-machine,” washed clean,
-and transferred to the “gig-mill.” The “gig” is a machine having a large
-cylinder in which teasles, a vegetable production somewhat resembling
-thistle tops or burs, are set, and the wet cloth being dragged by a set
-of rollers against the hooked spikes of the teasles, whilst the cylinder
-in which they are set goes rapidly round in a contrary direction, a
-portion of the short fibres of the wool have one of their ends disengaged
-and exhibited upon the surface of the cloth, forming what is called the
-pile or face: this process is called “raising.” When the piece has been
-sufficiently raised, it is taken to the “tenter field,” and stretched
-on frames called “tenters,” by means of hooks, to the proper length and
-breadth, and it remains thus until thoroughly dried, when it is carried
-to the “shearing loft,” where immense shears or machines called “knives”
-are passed over the surface, cutting all the wool on the face to an
-equal length. One of the improved knives can do as much work as twenty
-hand-shearers did formerly. Having received what is technically called
-a “cut” or two, it is returned to the gig mill to be “struck,” that is,
-“raised,” or submitted to the action of the gig in a dry state, and it
-then goes back again to the shear loft, and receives three or four more
-cuts on the face. It is then passed to the “burlers,” women who pick
-out all motes that have accidentally clung to or become embodied in the
-cloth, with steel pincers having very sharp points called “burling irons.”
-
-If it is to be finished by being napped, that is, to have the surface
-covered with little knots, as petershams and women’s cloaking, it is
-taken to the “napping engines,” where it is submitted to the action of a
-board curiously covered with sand, so firmly attached as not to wear off
-for a considerable time; this is wedged down upon the cloth, and then set
-in motion, describing small circles whilst the cloth is forcibly drawn
-from under it by a strong roller, and thus the whole surface is covered
-over with little knots; having been passed through the napping engine
-three or four times, it is returned to the shear loft to get one or two
-cuts on the back, thence again to the napping engine, where it receives a
-final run or two, and is passed to the wareroom to be measured and made
-up.
-
-But if it is to be finished as a cloth, instead of the napping-engine
-it is sent to the steam-brushing mill, where it is passed against a
-revolving cylinder covered with brushes and teasles alternately, and
-working within a case, into which a stream of steam rushes constantly;
-thence it passes to another machine nearly similar, but having brushes
-only. Having undergone this process for several hours, it is dried, taken
-again to the shear loft and properly cut, then carefully “burled” and
-brushed, again to the “knife,” where it is “backed,” that is, cut or
-shorn on the back, and then brushed again, preparatory to being placed in
-the press, in which it is arranged in neat folds, with thin pasteboard
-called “presspaper” between the folds, and hot metal plates at intervals.
-The press is then screwed down, and after a proper lapse of time the
-cloth is taken out, the folds altered in order that every part may be
-properly pressed, and again screwed down. It then goes to the brush-mill
-for the last time, from whence the measurer at length gets it to make up.
-
-Fine cloth sometimes undergoes another process called “singeing,” in
-which it is passed over hot cylinders; but as our object is merely to
-give a general idea of the complicated processes of the manufacture to
-our readers, and not to make them at once masters of the business, we do
-not think it necessary to go into very minute detail. The entire length
-of time occupied may be estimated at from one to nearly two months.
-
-The machinery in the woollen factories of Ireland is certainly inferior
-to that of our English neighbours, and the decline of the trade renders
-improvement difficult, if not altogether hopeless. Power-looms for the
-weaving of woollen cloth, so generally at work at the other side of the
-Channel, have been only this year introduced for the first time to this
-country by Mr Moore, proprietor of the Milltown factory near Dublin; and
-that Irish mechanists are not inferior to any others, is evidenced by
-the fact that the power-looms erected at Milltown are vastly superior to
-those imported, and which were on the most improved construction. Whether
-the experiment will have any effect in reviving this sinking business,
-remains to be seen; but it is much to be feared that as a great branch
-of trade it has deserted our shores altogether; certain it is, that
-the great factory at Celbridge (within ten miles of Dublin), which was
-dismantled about five years since, employed so lately as the year 1829
-more looms than are now (1840) at work in the whole county of Dublin,
-probably in the entire province of Leinster, and yet the introduction of
-machinery could be effected much more easily in Ireland than almost any
-where else, in consequence of the absence of a manufacturing population,
-whose interests might be so compromised as to make them adverse to such
-change, and water power, so much cheaper than steam, is both abundant and
-unemployed.
-
-                                                                       N.
-
-
-
-
-ENIGMA, BY P. M’TEAGUE, ESQ.
-
-
-Who or what am I, that, dwelling amongst the most humble, can associate
-with the highest? I am low in the scale of rank, but at the head of my
-race, and the most ancient of my tribe; the offspring and representative
-of want, and despised by multitudes, yet of regal descent. I have the
-likeness of woman and man, but I am neither man nor woman. I have neither
-father nor mother, and I am childless. I have the appearance of a
-potentate, yet I am not a potentate, but the companion of the lowly, and
-their most frequent visitor and guest. It is my destiny to live equally
-in palaces and farm-houses, jails and hovels. I am a traveller, though
-one who is always obliged to journey blindfold, and sometimes bound in
-cords with vulgar companions, and strictly guarded.
-
-No creature undergoes greater vicissitudes. I am the attendant of most
-that walk, sail, and ride. I am attached to the pedestrian, yet generally
-kept in confinement; or when at times liberated, exposed to the rudest
-scoffs and sports of the vulgar, who toss me up in the air, pelt me
-with sticks and stones, tumble me on the earth, and stamp on me; and
-if I am raised again, it is either to endure a repetition of insult, or
-administer to the cupidity of vagabonds.
-
-Though I never push myself forward, I have a face of brass, and yet my
-eyes can never look you straight in the face. I am fickle and changeable
-as the wind, yet I am a friend in adversity, and never desert those who
-do not first discard me. I may be the first to leave you; but in the hour
-of your utmost necessity you will acknowledge with a sigh _that I have
-been the last to desert my post_.
-
-I am frequently trusted, though I often betray. How many petitions may
-have been offered up to heaven for my coming, no man living can tell, and
-yet I appear every where.
-
-I have been in the earth, I have been in the sea, I have been in the
-air, I have been in the fire, and can endure unhurt, and with fortitude,
-greater extremities of heat and cold than any mortal. All the blows in
-the face I have ever received have never made me move a muscle. I have
-been crushed, but am sound and whole; and notwithstanding the contempt
-with which I have been treated (thanks to the present feelings of the
-age), am more and more respected every day--sought after indeed with
-eagerness, though seldom long retained. I am the beloved of schoolboys,
-but as quickly discarded by them. I attend churches and chapels, fairs
-and markets; yet though a friend and supporter of the Bible and many
-pious institutions, I am a heathen in religion, nor can I partake of
-any thing which I buy. Though my letters may be read by every body, I
-can neither read nor write. I am a proud stickler indeed in the school
-of aristocracy, for I never move out of my own circle; and with my
-associates, both male and female, am often nearly squeezed to death,
-according to the highest forms of fashionable usage.
-
-I have given birth to hundreds of thousands, and with me fortunes
-invariably expire. My existence may continue for a thousand years, nay,
-to the very end of time, and yet may be cut short in a moment. But if
-you destroy me, which it is certainly in your power to do, know that
-innumerable myriads are at my back, and always ready to replace me.
-
-Though committing no offence, I am liable to transportation without
-even a trial, but I am always well received after my return from exile.
-A master of all languages, but speaking none, I find my way in foreign
-countries without difficulty, for, though speechless, I am eloquent
-enough in my own way. From my features and head-dress you might suppose
-that I belonged to some Indian tribe, but I am British and Irish all
-over, and flourish best upon my own soil. I am an ever-welcome friend to
-the forlorn, but am myself very poor. I have a mint of money at my back,
-but am not worth three half-pence. At the moment you are reading this,
-you will indeed be wretched if you cannot command my services.
-
-And now, having by the unwearied diligence, talent, and influence of
-Mr Rowland Hill, been enabled to give myself up for the support and
-encouragement of the IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, I hereby particularly enjoin it
-upon all my brethren more and more to patronise that excellent work.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-IRISH BRAVERY.--The following instance of Irish bravery, recorded in
-Falkner’s Journal, March 18, 1760, is too remarkable to be buried in
-oblivion:--“On Saturday last, arrived at Youghal the ship _Good Intent_,
-belonging to Waterford, but last from Bilboa: she was taken the Tuesday
-before by a French privateer off Ushant, and had on board ten or twelve
-hands, her lading brandy and iron. The French took away the master
-(Bongar), and all the men, except five and a boy. On Friday last, four
-of them (the fifth not consenting) formed a plan to surprise the nine
-Frenchmen who were navigating the vessel to France, and succeeded
-therein. Four of the Frenchmen were under deck, three aloft, one at the
-helm, and the other man near him: three of the Irishmen were under deck,
-one at the helm, and the fifth hiding. One Brien by surprise tripped
-up the heels of the Frenchman at the helm, seized his pistol, and
-discharged it at the other, at the same instant making a signal for his
-three comrades below to follow his example: they assailed the Frenchmen,
-and by getting at their broadswords soon compelled them to be quiet;
-and immediately getting above, shut the hatches. After a desperate cut
-which one of the Frenchmen received on the arm in defending his head,
-and another a bruise by throwing the pistol at his head after it was
-discharged (for he missed him), those above likewise called out for
-quarter, and yielded up the quarterdeck to the intrepid Mr Brien. Not one
-of these fellows could read or write; of consequence they knew not how to
-navigate the ship, but Brien said that as he knew his course was north
-in general, being near Ushant, he steered at a venture, and the first
-land he made was near Youghal, where he happily arrived and landed his
-prisoners, who are now in Youghal gaol.”
-
-
-
-
-MIGRATION OF FISHES.
-
-
-Amongst the migrations of fishes, I must not neglect those that take
-place in consequence of the water in the ponds or pools that they inhabit
-being dried up: some of these are very extraordinary, and prove that when
-the Creator gave being to these animals, he foresaw the circumstances in
-which they would be placed, and mercifully provided them with means of
-escape from dangers to which they were necessarily exposed.
-
-In very dry summers, the fishes that inhabit the above situations
-are reduced often to the last extremities, and endeavour to relieve
-themselves by plunging, first their heads, and afterwards their whole
-bodies, in the mud to a considerable depth; and so, though many in such
-seasons perish, some are preserved till a rainy one again supplies them
-with the element so indispensable to their life. Carp, it is known, may
-be kept and fed a very long time in nets in a damp cellar, a faculty
-which fits them for retaining their vitality when they bury themselves at
-such a depth as to shelter them from the heat.
-
-But others, when reduced to this extremity, desert their native pool,
-and travel in search of another that is better supplied with water.
-This has long been known of eels, which wind, by night, through the
-grass in search of water, when so circumstanced. Dr Hancock, in the
-Zoological Journal, gives an account of a species of fish called by the
-Indians the Flat-head Hassar, and belonging to a genus of the family
-of the Siluridans, which is instructed by its Creator, when the pools
-in which they commonly reside in very dry seasons lose their water, to
-take the resolution of marching by land in search of others in which
-the water is not evaporated. These fish grow to about the length of a
-foot, and travel in large droves with this view; they move by night, and
-their motion is said to be like that of the two-footed lizard. A strong
-serrated arm constitutes the first ray of its pectoral fin. Using this as
-a kind of foot, it should seem they push themselves forwards by means of
-their elastic tail, moving nearly as fast as a man will leisurely walk.
-The strong plates which envelope their body probably facilitate their
-progress in the same manner as those under the body of serpents, which
-in some degree perform the office of feet. It is affirmed by the Indians
-that they are furnished with an internal supply of water sufficient for
-their journey, which seems confirmed by the circumstance that their
-bodies when taken out of the water, even if wiped dry with a cloth,
-become instantly moist again. Mr Campbell, a friend of Dr Hancock’s,
-resident in Essequibo, once fell in with a drove of these animals, which
-were so numerous that the Indians filled several baskets with them.
-
-Another migrating fish was found by thousands in the ponds and all the
-fresh waters of Carolina, by Bosc; and as these pools are subject to
-be dry in summer, the Creator has furnished this fish, as well as one
-of the flying ones, by means of a membrane which closes its mouth,
-with the faculty of living out of water, and of travelling by leaps to
-discover other pools. Bosc often amused himself with their motions when
-he had placed them on the ground, and he found that they always direct
-themselves towards the nearest water, which they could not possibly
-see, and which they must have discovered by some internal index; during
-their migrations they furnish food to numerous birds and reptiles. They
-belong to a genus of abdominal fishes, and are called swampines. It is
-evident from this statement that these fishes are both fitted by their
-Creator not only to exist, but also move along out of the water, and are
-directed by the instinct implanted by Him to seek the nearest pool that
-contains that element; thus furnishing a strong proof of what are called
-compensating contrivances; neither of these fishes have legs, yet the one
-can walk and the other leap without them, by other means with which the
-Supreme Intelligence has endowed it. I may here observe that the serrated
-bone, or first ray of the pectoral fin, by the assistance of which the
-flat-head appears to move, is found in other Siluridans, which leads to a
-conjecture that those may sometimes also move upon land.
-
-Another fish found by Daldorf in Tranquebar, not only creeps upon the
-shore, but even climbs the Fan palm in pursuit of certain Crustaceans
-which form its food. The structure of this fish peculiarly fits it for
-the exercise of this remarkable instinct. Its body is lubricated with
-slime, which facilitates its progress over the bark, and amongst its
-chinks; its gill-covers are armed with numerous spines, by which, used as
-hands, it appears to suspend itself; turning its tail to the left, and
-standing as it were on the little spines of its anal fin, it endeavours
-to push itself upwards by the expansion of its body, closing at the
-same time its gill-covers, that they may not prevent its progress; then
-expanding them again, it reaches a higher point: thus, and by bending the
-spiny rays of its dorsal fins to the right and left, and fixing them in
-the bark, it continues its journey upwards. The dorsal and anal fins can
-be folded up and received into a cavity of the body.
-
-How exactly does this structure fit it for this extraordinary instinct!
-These fins assist it in certain parts of its progress, and when not
-employed, can be packed up so as not to hinder its progress. The lobes of
-its gill-covers are so divided and armed as to be employed together, or
-separately as hands, for the suspension of the animal, till, by fixing
-its dorsal and anal fins, it prepares itself to take another step: all
-showing the Supreme Intelligence and Almighty hand that planned and
-fabricated its structure, causing so many organs, each in its own way, to
-assist in promoting a common purpose. The Fan palm in which this animal
-was taken by Daldorf, grew near the pool inhabited by these fishes.
-He makes no mention, however, of their object in these terrestrial
-excursions; but Dr Virey observes that it is for the sake of small
-Crustaceans on which they feed.--_Kirby’s Bridgewater Treatise._
-
-
-
-
-“THY KINGDOM COME,”
-
-BY MARY ANNE BROWNE.
-
-
-    Thy kingdom come! but where shall it be?
-    In the sweet, wild groves of Araby,
-    Where the citron groves and the date-tree grow,
-    Where the fair and thornless roses blow,
-    Where the sunlight falls in radiant streams,
-    And the moon on forests of palm-trees beams?
-    Fair are its roses and clustering vine,
-    And its kingdom is bright!--but it is not Thine.
-
-    Thy kingdom come! shall it be in the land
-    Where the wrecks of the mighty and valiant stand;
-    Where the temples, once by the heathen trod,
-    Resound to the holy name of God;
-    Where the fallen pillars and sculptured stone
-    Are ’midst sweet wreaths of wild flowers thrown?
-    It hath a sad grace, that land so fair,
-    But thy kingdom--thy kingdom is not there!
-
-    Thy kingdom come! oh, wilt thou reign
-    Within some grand and mighty fane?
-    By the work of our hands we will raise the pile,
-    We will strew with flowers the vaulted aisle,
-    We will toss the silver censers around,
-    And a thousand voices of sweetest sound
-    Shall breathe at once; but it may not be--
-    Such a kingdom accepted is not by Thee!
-
-    Thy kingdom come! in our cottage homes
-    We will give thee our hearts, by our kindred’s tombs,
-    By the rippling streams, in the ancient woods,
-    Alike in clouds and in solitudes:
-    When the sun in his glory is beaming on high,
-    When the moon and stars are lighting the sky,
-    Our souls shall be breathed in praise and prayer,
-    So Thou wilt make thy kingdom there!
-
-                                              --_From the Knickerbocker._
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-LOVE OF CHILDREN.--Tell me not of the trim, precisely arranged homes
-where there are no children--“where,” as the good German has it,
-“the fly-traps always hang straight on the wall:” tell me not of the
-never-disturbed nights and days--of the tranquil, un-anxious hearts,
-where children are not! I care not for these things. God sends children
-for another purpose than merely to keep up the race--to enlarge our
-hearts, to make us unselfish, and full of kindly sympathies and
-affections; to give our souls higher aims, and to call out all our
-faculties to extended enterprise and exertion; to bring round our
-firesides bright faces and happy smiles, and loving, tender hearts. My
-soul blesses the Great Father every day, that he has gladdened the earth
-with little children.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-    Printed and Published every Saturday by GUNN and CAMERON, at
-    the Office of the General Advertiser, No. 6, Church Lane,
-    College Green, Dublin; and sold by all Booksellers.
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1, No.
-17, October 24, 1840, by Various
-
-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL ***
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1, No. 17,
-October 24, 1840, by Various
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
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-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1, No. 17, October 24, 1840
-
-Author: Various
-
-Release Date: March 1, 2017 [EBook #54267]
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-Character set encoding: UTF-8
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-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL ***
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-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span></p>
-
-<h1>THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL.</h1>
-
-<table summary="Headline layout">
-  <tr>
-    <td class="smcap">Number 17.</td>
-    <td class="center">SATURDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1840.</td>
-    <td class="right smcap">Volume I.</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<div class="figcenter gap4" style="width: 500px;">
-<img src="images/bridge.jpg" width="500" height="400" alt="The New Bridge, County Kildare" />
-</div>
-
-<h2>NEW BRIDGE, COUNTY OF KILDARE.</h2>
-
-<p>It is a curious circumstance, that while among the most
-humble and illiterate, as well as among the high and educated
-classes of society in Ireland, a certain degree of interest
-and respect is usually felt for the ecclesiastical and military
-remains of past ages, those of a purely useful character, as
-ancient bridges for example, excite no corresponding sentiments,
-and are destroyed without causing the slightest feeling
-of regret in the minds of any portion of society. Strange,
-however, as this may appear, the fact is undeniable, as the
-recent destruction of Thomond Bridge at Limerick, and the
-intended destruction of other ancient bridges on that noble
-river and elsewhere, sufficiently testify; and in a few years
-more there will, in all probability, scarcely remain in the
-country a single example of monuments of this class. Yet it
-cannot be said that such memorials of the progress of civilization
-in past ages are without their hallowing associations,
-or that their moss-stained and ivy-mantled arches are less
-pleasing to the lover of the picturesque than those of the
-ruined castle, church, or abbey. Who that has ever seen the
-ancient bridge of Limerick, with its fifteen arches, exhibiting
-every variety of form, its horizontal line contrasting so
-admirably with the upright forms of the adjacent objects, and
-calling up in the mind recollections of the finest landscapes of
-Claude&mdash;who, we say, that has enjoyed this pleasure of a
-refined taste, but will hear testimony to the truth of our
-assertion, and regret the circumstances which have given
-birth to it? Who, in like manner, that has ever seen the ancient
-bridge which forms the embellishment of our present
-number, but would deeply lament its destruction? Yet such
-was the fate to which it was doomed, but a few years since, by
-a county grand jury, and from which it only escaped through
-the influence of the worthy proprietor of St Woolstan’s,
-Richard Cane, Esq., who, in a spirit equally honourable to his
-taste and his nationality, declared that sooner than permit
-so interesting a monument of antiquity to be destroyed, he
-would build a new bridge at his own expense. Alas! that we
-have not amongst us a greater number of gentlemen of his
-taste, wealth, and spirit!</p>
-
-<p>Despite of its contradictory name, New Bridge is the
-oldest bridge now remaining on the beautiful Liffey, and,
-with the exception of the ancient Bridge of Dublin, which was
-taken down and rebuilt some years since, is probably the first<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span>
-bridge of stone ever erected on it. From Pembridge’s Annals,
-as published by the Father of British antiquaries, William
-Camden, we learn that this bridge was erected in the year
-1308, by John le Decer, the Mayor of Dublin in that year,
-at his own expense. So that by a curious and not uninteresting
-coincidence, it owes its erection to one worthy and
-patriotic citizen of Dublin, and its preservation, after a lapse
-of more than five hundred years, to another.</p>
-
-<p>New Bridge is situated in the barony of North Salt, about
-one Irish mile south-west of the town of Leixlip. It consists
-of four arches, some of which are semicircular and others
-pointed; and, like most ancient bridges, it is high and extremely
-narrow. Mantled with luxuriant ivy, and enriched
-with the varied and mellow tints of so many centuries, it is
-in itself an object of great picturesque beauty; but these
-attractions are greatly enhanced by the quiet yet romantic
-features of the scenery immediately about it&mdash;particularly the
-woods and the ruins of the venerable Abbey of St Woolstan,
-of which we shall give some account in a future number.</p>
-
-<p class="right">P.</p>
-
-<h2 class="gap4">ANCIENT IRISH LITERATURE.<br />
-<span class="smaller">NUMBER III.</span></h2>
-
-<p>For our third specimen of the literature of our ancestors we
-have selected an example of what may be called the fireside
-stories, in vogue from a very ancient period till the last century.
-These stories are for the most part only personal traditions,
-and as they are not found in any vellum manuscripts
-which have descended to us, it might be concluded that they
-are of very modern date. Such conclusion, however, would
-be erroneous; there is no doubt that in their groundwork at
-least they are of an antiquity of several centuries, although
-modified in their language and allusions in conformity with
-the changes in manners and customs of succeeding times.
-The personages who figure in them are always either historical,
-or belonging to the ancient mythology of Ireland, and
-they are well worthy of preservation, for the light which they
-reflect on the habits of thought, as well as the manners and
-customs of bygone times.</p>
-
-<h3>BODACH AN CHOTA-LACHTNA, OR THE CLOWN WITH THE GREY COAT,<br />
-<span class="smaller">A FENIAN TALE.</span></h3>
-
-<p>On a certain day a fair and a gathering were held at Bineadar,
-by the seven ordinary and seven extraordinary battalions of the
-Fenians of Erinn. In the course of the day, on casting a look
-over the broad expanse of the sea, they beheld a large, smooth-sided,
-and proud-looking ship ploughing the waves from the
-east, and approaching them under full sail. When the capacious
-vessel touched the shore and lowered her sails, the Fenians
-of Erinn counted upon seeing a host of men disembark from
-her; and great was their surprise when one warrior, and no
-more, came out of the ship and landed on the beach. He was
-a hero of the largest make of body, the strongest of champions,
-and the finest of the human race; and in this wise was the
-kingly warrior equipped:&mdash;an impenetrable helmet of polished
-steel encased his ample and beautiful head; a deep-furrowed,
-thick-backed, sharp-edged sword hung at his left side; and a
-purple bossed shield was slung over his shoulder. Such were
-his chief accoutrements; and armed in this fashion and manner
-did the stranger come into the presence of Finn Mac
-Coole and the Fenians of Erinn.</p>
-
-<p>It was then that Finn, the King of the Fenians, addressed
-the heroic champion, and questioned him, saying, “From what
-quarter of the globe hast thou come unto us, O goodly youth?
-or from which of the noble or ignoble races of the universe art
-thou sprung? Who art thou?”</p>
-
-<p>“I am,” answered the stranger, “Ironbones, the son of the
-King of Thessaly; and so far as I have travelled on this globe,
-since the day that I left my own land, I have laid every country,
-peninsula, and island, under contribution to my sword and
-my arm: this I have done even to the present hour; and my
-desire is to obtain the crown and tribute of this country in
-like manner: for if I obtain them not, I purpose to bring
-slaughter of men and deficiency of heroes and youthful warriors
-on the seven ordinary and seven extraordinary battalions
-of the Fenian host. Such, O king, is the object of my visit to
-this country, and such is my design in landing here.”</p>
-
-<p>Hereupon uprose Conán the Bald, and said, “Of a truth,
-my friend, it seems to me that you have come upon a foolish
-enterprise, and that to the end of your life, and the close of
-your days, you will not be able to accomplish your purpose;
-because from the beginning of ages until now, no man ever
-heard of a hero or ever saw a champion coming with any
-such mighty design to Ireland, who did not find his match in
-that same country.”</p>
-
-<p>But Ironbones replied: “I make but very little account of
-your speech, Conán,” said he: “for if all the Fenian heroes who
-have died within the last seven years were now in the world, and
-were joined by those who are now living, I would visit all of
-them with the sorrow of death and show all of them the shortness
-of life in one day; nevertheless I will make your warriors a
-more peaceable proposal. I challenge you then, O warriors,
-to find me a man among you who can vanquish me in running,
-in fighting, or in wrestling; if you can do this, I shall give
-you no further trouble, but return to my own country without
-loitering here any longer.”</p>
-
-<p>“And pray,” inquired Finn, “which of those three manly
-exercises that you have named will it please you to select for
-the first trial of prowess?”</p>
-
-<p>To this Ironbones answered, “If you can find for me any
-one champion of your number who can run faster than I can,
-I will give you no further annoyance, but depart at once to my
-own country.”</p>
-
-<p>“It so happens,” said Finn, “that our Man of Swiftness,
-Keelte Mac Ronan, is not here at present to try his powers
-of running with you; and as he is not, it were better, O
-hero, that you should sojourn here a season with the Fenians,
-that you and they may mutually make and appreciate each
-other’s acquaintance by means of conversation and amusements,
-as is our wont. In the meanwhile I will repair to
-Tara of the Kings in quest of Keelte Mac Ronan; and if I
-have not the good fortune to find him there, I shall certainly
-meet with him at Ceis-Corann of the Fenii, from whence I
-shall without delay bring him hither to meet you.”</p>
-
-<p>To this Ironbones agreed, saying that he was well satisfied
-with what Finn proposed; and thereupon Finn proceeded on
-his way towards Tara of the Kings, in search of Keelte.
-Now, it fell out that as he journeyed along he missed his way,
-so that he came to a dense, wide, and gloomy wood, divided
-in the midst by a broad and miry road or pathway. Before
-he had advanced more than a very little distance on this road,
-he perceived coming directly towards him an ugly, detestable
-looking giant, who wore a grey frize coat, the skirts of which
-reached down to the calves of his legs, and were bespattered
-with yellow mud to the depth of a hero’s hand; so that every
-step he made, the lower part of that coat struck with such
-violence against his legs as to produce a sound that could be
-distinctly heard a full mile of ground off. Each of the two
-legs that sustained the unwieldy carcase of this horrible hideous
-monster was like the mast of a great ship, and each of
-the two shoes that were under his shapeless, horny, long-nailed
-hoofs, resembled a roomy long-sided boat; and every
-time that he lifted his foot, and at every step that he walked,
-he splashed up from each shoe a good barrelful of mire and
-water on the lower part of his body. Finn gazed in amazement
-at the colossal man, for he had never before seen any
-one so big and bulky; yet he would have passed onward and
-continued his route, but the giant stopped and accosted him,
-and Finn was under the necessity of stopping also, and exchanging
-a few words with the giant.</p>
-
-<p>The giant began in this manner:&mdash;“What, ho! Finn Mac
-Coole,” said he, “what desire for travelling is this that has
-seized on you, and how far do you mean to go upon this
-journey?”</p>
-
-<p>“Oh,” said Finn, “as to that, my trouble and anxiety are
-so great that I cannot describe them to you now, and indeed
-small is the use,” added he, “it would be of to me to attempt
-doing so; and I think it would be better for you to let me go
-on my way without asking any more questions of me.”</p>
-
-<p>But the giant was not so easily put off. “O Finn,” said
-he, “you may keep your secret if you like, but all the loss
-and the misfortune attending your silence will be your own;
-and when you think well upon that, maybe you would not
-boggle any longer about disclosing to me the nature of your
-errand.”</p>
-
-<p>So Finn, seeing the huge size of the giant, and thinking it
-advisable not to provoke him, began to tell him all that had
-taken place among the Fenians of Erinn so short a time before.
-“You must know,” said he, “that at the meridian
-hour of this very day the great Ironbones, the son of the
-King of Thessaly, landed at the harbour of Bineadar, with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span>
-the view of taking the crown and sovereignty of Ireland into
-his own hands; and if he does not obtain them with the free
-and good will of the Irish, he threatens to distribute death
-and destruction impartially among the young and old of our
-heroes; howbeit he has challenged us to find a man able to
-surpass him in running, fighting, or wrestling, and if we can
-find such a man, then he agrees to forego his pretensions, and
-to return to his own country without giving us further trouble;
-and that,” said Finn, “is the history that I have for you.”</p>
-
-<p>“And how do you intend to oppose the royal warrior?”
-asked the giant; “I know him well, and I know he has the
-vigour in his hand and the strength in his arm to carry every
-threat he makes into effect.”</p>
-
-<p>“Why, then,” said Finn, in answer to this, “I intend to go
-to Tara of the Kings for Keelte Mac Ronan, and if I do not
-find him there, I will go to look for him at Ceis-Corann of the
-Fenii; and it is he,” said he, “whom I mean to bring with
-me for the purpose of vanquishing this hero in running.”</p>
-
-<p>“Alas!” said the giant, “weak is your dependence and
-feeble your champion for propping and preserving the monarchy
-of Ireland; and if Keelte Mac Ronan be your <em>Tree of
-Defiance</em>, you are already a man without a country.”</p>
-
-<p>“It is I, then,” said Finn, “who am sorry you should say
-so; and what to do in this extremity I cannot tell.”</p>
-
-<p>“I will show you,” replied the gigantic man: “just do you
-say nothing at all but accept of me as the opponent of this
-champion; and it may happen that I shall be able to get you
-out of your difficulty.”</p>
-
-<p>“O,” said Finn, “for the matter of that, it is my own notion
-that you have enough to do if you can carry your big
-coat and drag your shoes with you one half mile of ground in
-a day, without trying to rival such a hero as Ironbones in
-valour or agility.”</p>
-
-<p>“You may have what notions you like,” returned the giant,
-“but I tell you that if I am not able to give battle to this fighting
-hero, there never has been and there is not now a man in
-Ireland able to cope with him. But never mind, Finn Mac
-Coole, let not your spirits be cast down, for I will take it on
-myself to deliver you from the danger that presses on you.”</p>
-
-<p>“What is your name?” demanded Finn.</p>
-
-<p>“Bodach-an-Chota-Lachtna (the Churl with the Grey Coat)
-is my name,” the giant answered.</p>
-
-<p>“Well, then,” said Finn, “you will do well to come along
-with me.” So Finn turned back, and the Bodach went with
-him; but we have no account of their travels till they reached
-Bineadar. There, when the Fians beheld the Bodach attired
-in such a fashion and trim, they were all very much surprised,
-for they had never before seen the like of him; and they were
-greatly overjoyed that he should make his appearance among
-them at such a critical moment.</p>
-
-<p>As for Ironbones, he came before Finn, and asked him if
-he had got the man who was to contend with him in running.
-Finn made answer that he had, and that he was present
-among them; and thereupon he pointed out the Bodach to him.
-But as soon as Ironbones saw the Bodach, he was seized with
-astonishment, and his courage was damped at the sight of the
-gigantic proportions of the mighty man, but he pretended to
-be only very indignant, and exclaimed, “What! do you expect
-me to demean myself by engaging in a contest with such
-an ugly, greasy, hateful-looking Bodach as that? It is myself
-that will do no such thing!” said he; and he stepped back
-and would not go near the Bodach.</p>
-
-<p>When the Bodach saw and heard this, he burst into a loud,
-hoarse, thunderous laugh, and said, “Come, Ironbones, this
-will not do; I am not the sort of person you affect to think
-me; and it is you that shall have proof of my assertion before
-to-morrow evening; so now, let me know,” said he, “what
-is to be the length of the course you propose to run over, for
-over the same course it is my own intention to run along with
-you; and if I do not succeed in running that distance with
-you, it is a fair conclusion that you win the race, and in like
-manner if I do succeed in outstripping you, then it stands to
-reason that you lose the race.”</p>
-
-<p>“There is sense and rationality in your language,” replied
-Ironbones, for he saw that he must submit, “and I agree to
-what you say, but it is my wish not to have the course shorter
-or longer than three score miles.”</p>
-
-<p>“Well,” said the Bodach, “that will answer me too, for it
-is just three score miles from Mount Loocra in Munster to
-Bineadar; and it will be a pleasant run for the pair of us; but
-if you find that I am not able to finish it before you, of course
-the victory is yours.”</p>
-
-<p>Ironbones replied that he would not contradict so evident a
-proposition, whereupon the Bodach resumed: “What it is
-proper for you to do now,” said he, “is to come along with
-me southward to Mount Loocra this evening, in order that
-we may make ourselves acquainted with the ground we are to
-go over to-morrow on our return; and we can stop for the
-night on the Mount, so that we may be able to start with the
-break of day.” To this also Ironbones acceded, saying it
-was a judicious speech, and that he had nothing to object to it.</p>
-
-<p>Upon this the two competitors commenced their journey,
-and little was the delay they made until they arrived at
-Mount Loocra in Munster. As soon as they had got thither,
-the Bodach again addressed Ironbones, and told him that he
-thought their best plan would be to build a hut in the adjoining
-wood, that so they might be protected from the inclemency
-of the night: “for it seems to me, O son of the King of
-Thessaly,” said he, “that if we do not, we are likely to have
-a hard couch and cold quarters on this exposed hill.”</p>
-
-<p>To this Ironbones made reply as thus: “You may do so,
-if you please, O Bodach of the Big Coat, but as for me, I am
-Ironbones, and care not for dainty lodging; and I am
-mightily disinclined to give myself the trouble of building a
-house hereabouts only to sleep in it one night and never see
-it again; howbeit, if you are desirous of employing your hands
-there is nobody to cross you; you may build, and I shall stay
-here until you have finished.”</p>
-
-<p>“Very good,” said the Bodach, “and build I will; but I
-shall take good care that a certain person who refuses to assist
-me shall have no share in my sleeping-room, should I
-succeed in making it as comfortable as I hope to do;” and
-with this he betook himself into the wood, and began cutting
-down and shaping pieces of timber with the greatest expedition,
-never ceasing until he had got together six pair of stakes
-and as many of rafters, which with a sufficient quantity of
-brushwood and green rushes for thatch, he carried, bound in
-one load, to a convenient spot, and there set them up at once
-in regular order; and this part of his work being finished, he
-again entered the wood, and carried from thence a good load
-of dry green sticks, which he kindled into a fire that reached
-from the back of the hut to the door.</p>
-
-<p>While the fire was blazing merrily he left the hut, and again
-addressing his companion, said to him, “O son of the King
-of Thessaly, called by men Ironbones, are you provided with
-provisions for the night, and have you eatables and drinkables
-to keep you from hunger and thirst?”</p>
-
-<p>“No, I have not,” said Ironbones proudly; “it is myself
-that used never to be without people to provide victuals for me
-when I wanted them,” said he.</p>
-
-<p>“Well, but,” said the Bodach, “you have not your people
-near you now, and so the best thing you can do is to come
-and hunt with me in the wood, and my hand to you, we shall
-soon have enough of victuals for both of us.”</p>
-
-<p>“I never practised pedestrian hunting,” said Ironbones;
-“and with the like of you I never hunted at all; and I don’t
-think I shall begin now,” said he, in a very dignified sort of
-way.</p>
-
-<p>“Then I must try my luck by myself,” said the Bodach;
-and off again he bounded into the wood, and after he had gone
-a little way he roused a herd of wild swine and pursued them
-into the recesses of the wood, and there he succeeded in separating
-from the rest the biggest and fattest hog of the herd,
-which he soon ran down and carried to his hut, where he
-slaughtered it, and cut it into two halves, one of which he
-placed at each side of the fire on a self-moving holly-spit. He
-then darted out once more, and stopped not until he reached
-the mansion of the Baron of Inchiquin, which was thirty miles
-distant, from whence he carried off a table and a chair, two
-barrels of wine, and all the bread fit for eating he could lay
-his hands on, all of which he brought to Mount Loocra in one
-load. When he again entered his hut, he found his hog entirely
-roasted and in nice order for mastication; so he laid
-half the meat and bread on the table, and sitting down, disposed
-of them with wonderful celerity, drinking at the same
-time precisely one barrel of the wine, and no more, for he reserved
-the other, as well as the rest of the solids, for his breakfast
-in the morning. Having thus finished his supper, he
-shook a large bundle of green rushes over the floor, and laying
-himself down, soon fell into a comfortable sleep, which
-lasted until the rising of the sun next morning.</p>
-
-<p>As soon as the morning was come, Ironbones, who had got
-neither food nor sleep the whole night, came down from the
-mountain’s side and awoke the Bodach, telling him that it was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span>
-time to commence their contest. The Bodach raised his head,
-rubbed his eyes, and replied, “I have another hour to sleep
-yet, and when I get up I have to eat half a hog and drink a
-barrel of wine; but as you seem to be in a hurry, you have
-my consent to proceed on your way before me: and you may
-be sure I will follow you.” So saying, he laid his head down
-and fell again a-snoring; and upon seeing this, Ironbones began
-the race by himself, but he moved along heavily and
-dispiritedly, for he began to have great dread and many misgivings,
-by reason of the indifference with which the Bodach
-appeared to regard the issue of the contest.</p>
-
-<p>When the Bodach had slept his fill he got up, washed his
-hands and face, and having placed his bread and meat on the
-table, he proceeded to devour them with great expedition, and
-then washed them down with his barrel of wine; after which
-he collected together all the bones of the hog and put them
-into a pocket in the skirt of his coat. Then setting out on his
-race in company with a pure and cool breeze of wind, he trotted
-on and on, nor did he ever halt on his rapid course until
-he had overtaken Ironbones, who with a dejected air and
-drooping head was wending his way before him. The Bodach
-threw down the bare bones of the hog in his path, and told
-him he was quite welcome to them, and that if he could find
-any pickings on them he might eat them, “for,” said he,
-“you must surely be hungry by this time, and myself can wait
-until you finish your breakfast.”</p>
-
-<p>But Ironbones got into a great passion on hearing this, and
-he cried, “You ugly Bodach with the Big Coat, you greasy,
-lubberly, uncouth tub of a man, I would see you hanged, so
-I would, before you should catch me picking such dirty common
-bones as these&mdash;hogs’ bones, that have no meat on them
-at all, and have moreover been gnawed by your own long,
-ugly, boarish tusks.”</p>
-
-<p>“O, very well,” replied the Bodach, “then we will not
-have any more words about them for bones; but let me recommend
-to you to adopt some more rapid mode of locomotion,
-if you desire to gain the crown, sovereignty, and tributes
-of the kingdom of Ireland this turn, for if you go on at your
-present rate, it is second best that you will be after coming
-off, I’m thinking.” And having so spoken, off he darted as
-swift as a swallow, or a roebuck, or a blast of wind rushing
-down a mountain declivity on a March day, Ironbones in the
-meantime being about as much able to keep pace with him as
-he was to scale the firmament; nor did he check his own
-speed until he had proceeded thirty miles on the course. He
-then stopped for a while to eat of the blackberries which grew
-in great abundance on the way, and while he was thus employed,
-Ironbones came up with him and spoke to him. “Bodach,”
-said he, “ten miles behind us I saw one skirt of your
-grey coat, and ten miles farther back again I saw another
-skirt; and it is my persuasion, and I am clearly of the opinion,
-that you ought to return for these two skirts without
-more to do, and pick them up.”</p>
-
-<p>“Is it the skirts of this big coat that I have on me you
-mean?” asked the Bodach, looking down at his legs.</p>
-
-<p>“Why, to be sure it is them that I mean,” answered Ironbones.</p>
-
-<p>“Well,” said the Bodach, “I certainly must get my coat
-skirts again; and so I will run back for them if you consent
-to stop here eating blackberries until I return.”</p>
-
-<p>“What nonsense you talk!” cried Ironbones. “I tell you
-I am decidedly resolved not to loiter on the race; and my
-fixed determination is not to eat any blackberries.”</p>
-
-<p>“Then move on before me,” said the Bodach, upon which
-Ironbones pushed onward, while the Bodach retraced his
-steps to the different spots where the skirts of his coat were
-lying, and having found them and tacked them to the body
-of the coat, he resumed his route and again overtook Ironbones,
-whom he thus addressed: “It is needful and necessary
-that I should acquaint you of one thing, O Ironbones, and
-that is, that you must run at a faster rate than you have hitherto
-used, and keep pace with me on the rest of the course,
-or else there is much likelihood and considerable probability
-that the victory will go against you, because I will not again
-have to go back either for my coat-skirts or anything else;”
-and having given his companion this warning, he set off once
-more in his usual manner, nor did he stop until he reached
-the side of a hill, within ten miles of Bineadar, where he again
-fell a-plucking blackberries, and ate an extraordinary number
-of them. When he could eat no more, his jaws being tired
-and his stomach stuffed, he took off his great coat, and handling
-his needle and thread, he sewed it into the form of a capacious
-sack, which he filled with blackberries; this he slung
-over his shoulders, and then off he scampered for Bineadar,
-greatly refreshed, and with the speed of a young buck.</p>
-
-<p>In the meantime Finn and his troops were awaiting in great
-doubt and dread the result of the race, though, without knowing
-who the Bodach was, they had a certain degree of confidence
-in him; and there was a champion of the Fenians on
-the top of the Hill of Howth, who had been sent thither by
-Finn, and had been there from an early hour of the morning
-to see which of the competitors would make his appearance
-first in view. When this man saw the Bodach coming over
-the nearest eminence, with his heavy burden on his back, he
-thought that to a certainty it was Ironbones whom he beheld,
-and fled back quite terrified to Finn and the troops, telling
-them Ironbones was coming up, carrying the Bodach dead
-over his shoulders. This news at first depressed Finn and
-the troops; but Finn by and bye exclaimed, “I will give a suit
-of armour and arms to the man who brings me better news
-than that!” whereupon one of the heroes went forth, and he
-had not proceeded far when he espied the Bodach advancing
-towards the outposts of the troops, and knowing him at a
-glance, he flew back to Finn and announced to him the glad
-tidings.</p>
-
-<p>Finn thereupon went joyfully out to meet the Bodach, who
-speedily came up and threw down his burden, crying out
-aloud, “I have good and famous news for all of you; but,”
-added he, “my hunger is great, and my desire for food pressing;
-and I cannot tell you what has occurred until I have
-eaten a very large quantity of oatmeal and blackberries.
-Now, as for the latter, that is, the blackberries, I have got
-them myself in this big sack, but the oatmeal I expect to be
-provided for me by you; and I hope that you will lose no
-time in getting it, and laying it before me, for I am weak for
-the want of nutriment, and my corporeal powers are beginning
-to be exhausted.” Upon hearing this Finn replied that
-his request should be at once attended to, and in a little space
-of time, accordingly, there was spread under the Bodach a
-cloth of great length and breadth, with a vast heap of oatmeal
-in the middle of it, into which the Bodach emptied out
-all the blackberries in his bag; and having stirred the entire
-mess about for some time with a long pole, he commenced
-eating and swallowing with much vigour and determination.</p>
-
-<p>He had not been long occupied in this way before he descried
-Ironbones coming towards the troops with his hand on
-the hilt of his sword, his eyes flaming like red coals in his
-head, and ready to commence slaughtering all before him because
-he had been vanquished in the contest. But he was not
-fated to put his designs into execution, for when the Bodach
-saw what wickedness he had in his mind, he took up a handful
-of the oatmeal and blackberries, and dashing it towards
-Ironbones with an unerring aim, it struck him so violently on
-the face that it sent his head spinning through the air half a
-mile from his body, which fell to the ground and there remained
-writhing in all the agonies of its recent separation,
-until the Bodach had concluded his meal. The Bodach then
-rose up and went in quest of the head, which after a little
-searching about he found; and casting it from his hands with
-an unerring aim, he sent it bowling along the ground all the
-half mile back again, until coming to the body it stopped and
-fastened itself on as well as ever, the only difference being
-that the face was now turned completely round to the back of
-the neck, while the back of the head was in front.</p>
-
-<p>The Bodach having accomplished this feat much to his
-satisfaction, now grasped Ironbones firmly by the middle,
-threw him to the ground, tied him hand and foot so that he
-could not stir, and addressed him in these words: “O Ironbones,
-justice has overtaken you: the sentence your own vain
-mind had passed on others is about to be pronounced against
-yourself; and all the liberty that I feel disposed to leave you
-is the liberty of choosing what kind of death you think it most
-agreeable to die of. What a silly notion you did get into your
-noddle, surely, when you fancied that you, single-handed, could
-make yourself master of the crown, sovereignty, and tributes
-of Ireland, even though there had been nobody to thwart your
-arrogant designs but myself! But take comfort and be consoled,
-for it shall never be said of the Fians of Ireland that
-they took mortal vengeance on a single foe without any warriors
-to back him; and if you be a person to whom life is a desirable
-possession, I am willing to allow you to live, on condition
-that you will solemnly swear by the sun and moon that
-you will send the chief tributes of Thessaly every year to Finn
-Mac Coole here in Ireland.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>With many wry faces did Ironbones at length agree to take
-this oath; upon which the Bodach loosed his shackles and
-gave him liberty to stand up; then having conducted him
-towards the sea-shore, he made him go into the ship, to which,
-after turning its prow from the shore, he administered a kick
-in the stern, which sent it seven miles over the waters at once.
-And such was the manner in which Ironbones executed his
-vain-glorious project, and in this way it was that he was sent
-off from the shores of Ireland, without victory, honour, or glory,
-and deprived of the power of ever again boasting himself to
-be the first man on the earth in battle or combat.</p>
-
-<p>But on the return of the Bodach to the troops, the sun and
-the wind lighted up one side of his face and his head in such
-a way that Finn and the Fians at once recognised him as
-Manannan Mac Lir, the Tutelary Fairy of Cruachan, who
-had come to afford them his assistance in their exigency.
-They welcomed him accordingly with all the honour that was
-due to him, and feasted him sumptuously for a year and a day.
-And these are the adventures of the Bodach an Chota-Lachtna.</p>
-
-<h2 class="gap4">THE BARGAIN.</h2>
-
-<p>“What have you there, husband?” said Mrs Courtland to
-her thrifty and careful spouse, as the latter paused in the
-open door to give some directions to a couple of porters who
-had just set something upon the pavement in front of the house.</p>
-
-<p>“Just wait a moment, and I’ll tell you. Here, Henry!
-John! bring it in here,” and the two porters entered with a
-beautiful sofa, nearly new.</p>
-
-<p>“Why, that <em>is</em> a beauty, husband! How kind you are!”</p>
-
-<p>“It’s second-hand, you perceive; but it’s hardly soiled&mdash;no
-one would know the difference.”</p>
-
-<p>“It’s just as good as new. What did you give for it?”</p>
-
-<p>“That’s the best part of it. It is a splendid bargain. It
-didn’t cost a cent less than a hundred dollars. Now, what do
-you think I got it for?” “Sixty dollars?”</p>
-
-<p>“Guess again.” “Fifty?”</p>
-
-<p>“Guess again.” “Forty-five?”</p>
-
-<p>“No. Try again.”</p>
-
-<p>“But what <em>did</em> you give for it, dear?” “Why, only
-twenty dollars!”</p>
-
-<p>“Well, now, that is a bargain.”</p>
-
-<p>“Ain’t it, though? It takes me to get things cheap,” continued
-the prudent Mr Courtland, chuckling with delight.</p>
-
-<p>“Why, how in the world did it go off so low?” “I managed
-that. It ain’t every one that understands how to do these
-things.”</p>
-
-<p>“But how did you manage it, dear? I should like to know.”</p>
-
-<p>“Why, you see, there were a great many other things there,
-and among the rest some dirty carpets. Before the sale I
-pulled over these carpets and threw them upon the sofa; a
-good deal of dust fell from them, and made the sofa look fifty
-per cent. worse than it really was. When the sale commenced,
-there happened to be but few persons there, and I asked the
-auctioneer to sell the sofa first, as I wanted to go, and would
-bid for it if it were sold then. Few persons bid freely at the
-opening of a sale.</p>
-
-<p>‘What’s bid for this splendid sofa?’ he began.</p>
-
-<p>‘I’ll give you fifteen dollars for it,’ said I; ‘it’s not worth
-more than that, for it’s dreadfully abused.’</p>
-
-<p>‘Fifteen dollars! fifteen dollars! only fifteen dollars for
-this beautiful sofa!’ he went on; and a man next to me bid
-seventeen dollars. I let the auctioneer cry the last bid for a
-few minutes, until I saw he was likely to knock it down.</p>
-
-<p>‘Twenty dollars!’ said I, ‘and that’s as much as I’ll go
-for it.’</p>
-
-<p>The other bidder was deceived by this as to the real value
-of the sofa, for it did look dreadfully disfigured by the dust
-and dirt, and consequently the sofa was knocked off to me.”</p>
-
-<p>“That was admirably done, indeed!” said Mrs Courtland,
-with a bland smile of satisfaction at having obtained the elegant
-piece of furniture at so cheap a rate. “And it’s so near
-a match, too, for the sofa in our front parlour.”</p>
-
-<p>This scene occurred at the residence of a merchant in this
-city, who was beginning to count his fifty thousands. Let us
-look at the other side of the picture.</p>
-
-<p>On the day previous to this sale, a widow lady with one
-daughter, a beautiful and interesting girl about seventeen,
-were seated on a sofa in a neatly furnished parlour in Hudson-street.
-The mother held in her hand a small piece of
-paper, on which her eyes were intently fixed; but it could
-readily be perceived that she saw not the characters that were
-written upon it.</p>
-
-<p>“What is to be done, ma?” at length asked the daughter.</p>
-
-<p>“Indeed, my child, I cannot tell. The bill is fifty dollars,
-and has been due, you know, for several days. I haven’t got
-five dollars, and your bill for teaching the Miss Leonards cannot
-be presented for two weeks, and then it will not amount to
-this sum.”</p>
-
-<p>“Can’t we sell something more, ma?” suggested the
-daughter.</p>
-
-<p>“We have sold all our plate and jewellery, and now I’m
-sure I don’t know what we can dispose of, unless it be something
-that we really want.”</p>
-
-<p>“What do you say to selling the sofa, ma?”</p>
-
-<p>“Well, I don’t know, Florence. It don’t seem right to
-part with it. But perhaps we can do without it.”</p>
-
-<p>“It will readily bring fifty dollars, I suppose.”</p>
-
-<p>“Certainly. It is of the best wood and workmanship, and
-cost one hundred and forty dollars. Your father bought it a
-short time before he died, and that is less than two years past
-you know.”</p>
-
-<p>“I should think it would bring nearly a hundred dollars,”
-said Florence, who knew nothing of auction sacrifices; “and
-that would give us enough, besides paying the quarter’s rent,
-to keep us comfortably until some of my bills come due.”</p>
-
-<p>That afternoon the sofa was sent, and on the next afternoon
-Florence went to the auctioneer’s to receive the money for it.</p>
-
-<p>“Have you sold that sofa yet, sir?” asked the timid girl,
-in a low, hesitating voice.</p>
-
-<p>“What sofa, miss?” asked the clerk, looking steadily in
-her face with a bold stare.</p>
-
-<p>“The sofa sent by Mrs &mdash;&mdash;, sir.”</p>
-
-<p>“When was it to have been sold?”</p>
-
-<p>“Yesterday, sir.”</p>
-
-<p>“Oh, we haven’t got the bill made out yet. You can call
-the day after to-morrow, and we’ll settle it for you.”</p>
-
-<p>“Can’t you settle it to-day, sir? We want the money particularly.”</p>
-
-<p>Without replying to the timid girl’s request, the clerk commenced
-throwing over the leaves of a large account-book, and
-in a few minutes had taken off the bill of the sofa.</p>
-
-<p>“Here it is&mdash;eighteen dollars and sixty cents. See if it’s
-right, and then sign this receipt.”</p>
-
-<p>“Ain’t you mistaken, sir? It was a beautiful sofa, and
-cost one hundred and forty dollars.”</p>
-
-<p>“That’s all it brought, miss, I assure you. Furniture sells
-very badly now.”</p>
-
-<p>Florence rolled up the bills that were given her, and returned
-home with a heavy heart.</p>
-
-<p>“It only brought eighteen dollars and sixty cents, ma,” she
-said, throwing the notes into her mother’s lap, and bursting
-into tears.</p>
-
-<p>“Heaven only knows, then, what we shall do,” said the
-widow, clasping her hands together, and looking upwards.</p>
-
-<hr class="tb" />
-
-<p>There are always two parties in the case of bargains&mdash;the
-gainer and the loser; and while the one is delighted with
-the advantage he has obtained, he thinks nothing of the necessities
-which have forced the other party to accept the highest
-offer. But few buyers of bargains think or care about taking
-this view of the subject.&mdash;<cite>From the New York Mirror.</cite></p>
-
-<h2 class="gap4">SONNET&mdash;THE DEPARTURE OF LOVE.</h2>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Spirit of wordless Love, that in the lone</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Bowers of the Poet’s museful soul dost weave</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Tissues of thought, hued like the skies of eve,</div>
-<div class="verse">Ere the last glories of the sun have shone,</div>
-<div class="verse">How soon&mdash;almost before our hearts have known</div>
-<div class="verse">The change&mdash;above the ruins of thy throne&mdash;</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Whose vanished beauty we would fain retrieve</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">With all Earth’s thrones beside&mdash;we stand and grieve!</div>
-<div class="verse">We weep not, for the world’s chill breath hath bound</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">In chains of ice the fountains of our tears,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">But ever-mourning Memory thenceforth rears</div>
-<div class="verse">Her altars upon desecrated ground,</div>
-<div class="verse">And always, with a low despairful sound,</div>
-<div class="verse indent1">Tolls the disastrous bell of all our years!</div>
-</div>
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse right">M.</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2 class="gap4">THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTH.</h2>
-
-<p>In the present limited and daily declining condition of the
-woollen manufacture in Ireland, so few individuals in the
-country can be acquainted with the mode of preparing the
-clothing of the sheep, and altering its form so as to make it
-suitable and fit for the clothing of man, that we deem a short
-account of the various processes through which it passes may
-be acceptable to many of our readers.</p>
-
-<p>When the sheep-shearer has taken off the fleece, he ties it
-up in a peculiar knot, which is not opened again until the
-wool-sorter takes it in hands. It is his business to open it,
-and having spread the fleece upon a table, and cast his eye
-over it, he separates it into the number of sorts required,
-the wool being of different degrees of fineness upon different
-parts of the animal. The coarse qualities of fleeces, from
-which low descriptions of cloths, kerseys, blankets, and friezes
-are made, are seldom divided into more than three sorts, the
-finer into four or five, and the finest Saxony into seven,
-eight, and sometimes nine. With the latter we have little to
-do in this country, there being but <em>one</em> factory (that of Messrs
-Willans) where it is worked; and we shall therefore merely
-follow the progress of a piece of ordinary coarse cloth, there
-being but little difference between it and the finest in the
-general detail: indeed very little at all, except in the additional
-care and expense.</p>
-
-<p>The sorted wool having been carefully examined by women,
-and freed from straws and motes, is taken to the scouring department
-attached to the dye-house, where it is immersed in a
-hot ley with soap, and well scoured, after which it is washed
-in clean water and left to drain.</p>
-
-<p>It is then coloured, and either allowed to drain, or the
-colouring matter is wrung out, and it is again washed in
-water until the water runs from it unsullied. The apparatus
-in which it undergoes this process is called “the washing-box:”
-one side and the bottom being of metal perforated with innumerable
-small holes, the water has free ingress and egress,
-whilst the wool is securely retained. Having been thoroughly
-cleansed, it is taken to the drying-loft, if the weather be fine, or
-to the stove if it be unfavourable, and there perfectly dried.
-From thence it is carried to the factory, and placed in the first
-machine called “the willow,” or more generally “the devil”&mdash;a
-machine formed of five or six cylinders of different sizes,
-armed with steel spikes three or four inches long: the motion
-of the cylinders being contrary, the spikes pass between each
-other, tearing the wool open if it should have clotted or got
-into lumps. Cheviot and Scotch wools, and wools damaged
-by shipwreck, must be <em>willowed</em> before they can be even
-scoured, in consequence of their being always matted.</p>
-
-<p>The willow, and all the machines which shall be subsequently
-mentioned in this paper, are driven by the water-wheel
-or steam-engine&mdash;in this country almost uniformly by
-the former. Having been thoroughly opened by the willow,
-the wool is spread upon a floor and oiled, about a quart of
-fine olive oil being the proportion to every stone weight of
-wool. The effect of the oil is to cause the fibres of the wool
-to separate more easily upon the carding-machines, and prevent
-the too rapid wearing of the cards.</p>
-
-<p>The next machine that takes up the work is called “the
-teazer:” it has a greater number of cylinders than the willow,
-with shorter teeth, about an inch in length, and hooked, and
-some of the cylinders have coarse wire cards. Having passed
-twice or thrice through the teazer, the wool is transferred to
-that part of the mill called, by way of pre-eminence, “the
-machine-room,” where the great scribbling machines, or, as
-they are styled, “scribblers,” are placed. These machines
-have a great number of cylinders of different sizes covered
-with wire cards of various degrees of fineness, so arranged
-that they take the wool from one another, separating the
-fibres, and transferring it until it has passed quite over every
-cylinder, and is carded out at the farther end of the machine
-(sixteen or eighteen feet from where it was put in) in a thin
-flake like gauze. Having been run through two or three
-scribblers of various fineness, it is passed to the carding machine,
-or “carder,” which resembles the “scribbler,” but is
-smaller, and instead of the wool falling out at the end in a
-flake, it is caught by a fluted cylinder of wood, which, revolving
-in a semi-cylindrical box, divides and converts it into separate
-soft rolls, about the thickness of ordinary sash rope; and
-these are thrown out upon a sheet of canvass stretched horizontally
-upon rollers, which from its slowly moving, so as to prevent
-one roll from falling upon another, is called “the creeper.”
-The rolls are taken to “the billy,” a sort of preliminary spinning-machine,
-sometimes worked by the water-wheel, but (as
-yet, especially in Ireland) more generally by a man called a
-“slubber,” who is enabled by it to form from fifty to one
-hundred threads at a time, children being employed to stick
-the ends of the rolls together, which is done by lapping a small
-portion of the tip of one on the other which lies on the “billy-sheet,”
-and then giving them a slight rub. The soft thick
-thread which the slubber forms is made up in conical rolls or
-“cops,” and is taken to the spinning-machine, “the mule,”
-which has now quite superseded the spinning-jenny, which in
-its day superseded the spinning-wheel. The wheel could
-spin only one thread at a time: the jenny was first made to
-spin thirty, then forty, then fifty, sixty, seventy, and eighty
-threads at once, by a man’s hand. By the “mule,” worked
-by water, a man can now spin from five hundred to one thousand
-threads of woollen yarn, and of cotton two or three
-thousand, at once.</p>
-
-<p>The thread for the warp is taken from the mule to the
-“warping-mill,” where it is prepared according to the number
-of threads for the breadth of the cloth, the length
-arranged, and being tied up in a peculiar kind of ball, it is called
-a “warp,” and is taken to the sizing shop, where it is dipped in
-melted size; and having been opened, perfectly saturated,
-and wrung out gently, it is carried to the field, or stove, to be
-dried. The weaver then fixes it in the loom, and procures
-the “weft” thread, which is spun differently from the warp,
-and is wound upon wooden bobbins; having wetted these in
-water, he fixes one in his shuttle, and the threads of the warp
-being lifted alternately, and the shuttle shot between them, the
-beam of the loom strikes each thread home, and in due time the
-piece is woven. A good weaver with a sound warp can weave
-in a hand-loom from six to nine yards of cloth in a day, but
-with the new power-loom he can weave twenty.</p>
-
-<p>The cloth when taken out of the loom is examined by the
-overseer, and having been passed and dried, is taken to the
-“scouring-machine,” where it is submitted to the action of a
-strong ley, with fullers’-earth, &amp;c., and worked by the rollers
-of the machine until both the oil and size have been extracted;
-it is then washed clean with water, taken out, and
-dried. It is next transferred to the tuck-mill, where it is
-spread out, a large quantity of melted soap poured upon it, and
-being rolled up in a peculiar manner, it is placed in “the
-stock,” where two huge hammers made of oak, weighing from
-two to three cwt. each, called “stock-feet,” being raised by
-a wheel and then let go, fall upon it alternately, until the
-soap has been forced through every part of it, and the cloth
-has narrowed, or, to speak technically, “milled in,” a half
-yard or three quarters, and shortened a fourth or fifth of its
-length, when it is pronounced to be “milled.” It is then
-again placed in the “washing-machine,” washed clean, and
-transferred to the “gig-mill.” The “gig” is a machine having
-a large cylinder in which teasles, a vegetable production
-somewhat resembling thistle tops or burs, are set, and the wet
-cloth being dragged by a set of rollers against the hooked
-spikes of the teasles, whilst the cylinder in which they are set
-goes rapidly round in a contrary direction, a portion of the
-short fibres of the wool have one of their ends disengaged
-and exhibited upon the surface of the cloth, forming what is
-called the pile or face: this process is called “raising.” When
-the piece has been sufficiently raised, it is taken to the “tenter
-field,” and stretched on frames called “tenters,” by
-means of hooks, to the proper length and breadth, and it remains
-thus until thoroughly dried, when it is carried to the
-“shearing loft,” where immense shears or machines called
-“knives” are passed over the surface, cutting all the wool on
-the face to an equal length. One of the improved knives can
-do as much work as twenty hand-shearers did formerly. Having
-received what is technically called a “cut” or two, it is
-returned to the gig mill to be “struck,” that is, “raised,” or
-submitted to the action of the gig in a dry state, and it then
-goes back again to the shear loft, and receives three or four
-more cuts on the face. It is then passed to the “burlers,”
-women who pick out all motes that have accidentally clung to
-or become embodied in the cloth, with steel pincers having
-very sharp points called “burling irons.”</p>
-
-<p>If it is to be finished by being napped, that is, to have the
-surface covered with little knots, as petershams and women’s
-cloaking, it is taken to the “napping engines,” where it is
-submitted to the action of a board curiously covered with sand,
-so firmly attached as not to wear off for a considerable time;
-this is wedged down upon the cloth, and then set in motion,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span>
-describing small circles whilst the cloth is forcibly drawn from
-under it by a strong roller, and thus the whole surface is covered
-over with little knots; having been passed through the
-napping engine three or four times, it is returned to the shear
-loft to get one or two cuts on the back, thence again to the
-napping engine, where it receives a final run or two, and is
-passed to the wareroom to be measured and made up.</p>
-
-<p>But if it is to be finished as a cloth, instead of the napping-engine
-it is sent to the steam-brushing mill, where it is passed
-against a revolving cylinder covered with brushes and teasles
-alternately, and working within a case, into which a stream
-of steam rushes constantly; thence it passes to another machine
-nearly similar, but having brushes only. Having undergone
-this process for several hours, it is dried, taken again to
-the shear loft and properly cut, then carefully “burled” and
-brushed, again to the “knife,” where it is “backed,” that is,
-cut or shorn on the back, and then brushed again, preparatory
-to being placed in the press, in which it is arranged in neat
-folds, with thin pasteboard called “presspaper” between the
-folds, and hot metal plates at intervals. The press is then
-screwed down, and after a proper lapse of time the cloth is
-taken out, the folds altered in order that every part may be
-properly pressed, and again screwed down. It then goes to
-the brush-mill for the last time, from whence the measurer at
-length gets it to make up.</p>
-
-<p>Fine cloth sometimes undergoes another process called
-“singeing,” in which it is passed over hot cylinders; but as
-our object is merely to give a general idea of the complicated
-processes of the manufacture to our readers, and not to make
-them at once masters of the business, we do not think it necessary
-to go into very minute detail. The entire length of
-time occupied may be estimated at from one to nearly two
-months.</p>
-
-<p>The machinery in the woollen factories of Ireland is certainly
-inferior to that of our English neighbours, and the decline
-of the trade renders improvement difficult, if not altogether
-hopeless. Power-looms for the weaving of woollen
-cloth, so generally at work at the other side of the Channel,
-have been only this year introduced for the first time to this
-country by Mr Moore, proprietor of the Milltown factory near
-Dublin; and that Irish mechanists are not inferior to any
-others, is evidenced by the fact that the power-looms erected
-at Milltown are vastly superior to those imported, and which
-were on the most improved construction. Whether the experiment
-will have any effect in reviving this sinking business,
-remains to be seen; but it is much to be feared that as a great
-branch of trade it has deserted our shores altogether; certain
-it is, that the great factory at Celbridge (within ten miles of
-Dublin), which was dismantled about five years since, employed
-so lately as the year 1829 more looms than are now
-(1840) at work in the whole county of Dublin, probably in
-the entire province of Leinster, and yet the introduction of
-machinery could be effected much more easily in Ireland than
-almost any where else, in consequence of the absence of a manufacturing
-population, whose interests might be so compromised
-as to make them adverse to such change, and water
-power, so much cheaper than steam, is both abundant and unemployed.</p>
-
-<p class="right">N.</p>
-
-<h2 class="gap4">ENIGMA,<br />
-<span class="smaller">BY P. M’TEAGUE, ESQ.</span></h2>
-
-<p>Who or what am I, that, dwelling amongst the most humble,
-can associate with the highest? I am low in the scale of rank,
-but at the head of my race, and the most ancient of my tribe;
-the offspring and representative of want, and despised by
-multitudes, yet of regal descent. I have the likeness of woman
-and man, but I am neither man nor woman. I have neither
-father nor mother, and I am childless. I have the appearance
-of a potentate, yet I am not a potentate, but the companion
-of the lowly, and their most frequent visitor and guest. It
-is my destiny to live equally in palaces and farm-houses,
-jails and hovels. I am a traveller, though one who is always
-obliged to journey blindfold, and sometimes bound in cords
-with vulgar companions, and strictly guarded.</p>
-
-<p>No creature undergoes greater vicissitudes. I am the
-attendant of most that walk, sail, and ride. I am attached
-to the pedestrian, yet generally kept in confinement; or
-when at times liberated, exposed to the rudest scoffs and
-sports of the vulgar, who toss me up in the air, pelt me with
-sticks and stones, tumble me on the earth, and stamp on me;
-and if I am raised again, it is either to endure a repetition of
-insult, or administer to the cupidity of vagabonds.</p>
-
-<p>Though I never push myself forward, I have a face of brass,
-and yet my eyes can never look you straight in the face. I
-am fickle and changeable as the wind, yet I am a friend in
-adversity, and never desert those who do not first discard me.
-I may be the first to leave you; but in the hour of your utmost
-necessity you will acknowledge with a sigh <em>that I have been
-the last to desert my post</em>.</p>
-
-<p>I am frequently trusted, though I often betray. How many
-petitions may have been offered up to heaven for my coming,
-no man living can tell, and yet I appear every where.</p>
-
-<p>I have been in the earth, I have been in the sea, I have been
-in the air, I have been in the fire, and can endure unhurt, and
-with fortitude, greater extremities of heat and cold than any
-mortal. All the blows in the face I have ever received have
-never made me move a muscle. I have been crushed, but am
-sound and whole; and notwithstanding the contempt with
-which I have been treated (thanks to the present feelings of
-the age), am more and more respected every day&mdash;sought
-after indeed with eagerness, though seldom long retained.
-I am the beloved of schoolboys, but as quickly discarded by
-them. I attend churches and chapels, fairs and markets;
-yet though a friend and supporter of the Bible and many
-pious institutions, I am a heathen in religion, nor can I partake
-of any thing which I buy. Though my letters may be
-read by every body, I can neither read nor write. I am a
-proud stickler indeed in the school of aristocracy, for I never
-move out of my own circle; and with my associates, both
-male and female, am often nearly squeezed to death, according
-to the highest forms of fashionable usage.</p>
-
-<p>I have given birth to hundreds of thousands, and with me
-fortunes invariably expire. My existence may continue for a
-thousand years, nay, to the very end of time, and yet may be
-cut short in a moment. But if you destroy me, which it is
-certainly in your power to do, know that innumerable myriads
-are at my back, and always ready to replace me.</p>
-
-<p>Though committing no offence, I am liable to transportation
-without even a trial, but I am always well received after
-my return from exile. A master of all languages, but speaking
-none, I find my way in foreign countries without difficulty,
-for, though speechless, I am eloquent enough in my own
-way. From my features and head-dress you might suppose
-that I belonged to some Indian tribe, but I am British and
-Irish all over, and flourish best upon my own soil. I am an
-ever-welcome friend to the forlorn, but am myself very poor.
-I have a mint of money at my back, but am not worth three
-half-pence. At the moment you are reading this, you will
-indeed be wretched if you cannot command my services.</p>
-
-<p>And now, having by the unwearied diligence, talent, and
-influence of Mr Rowland Hill, been enabled to give myself up
-for the support and encouragement of the <span class="smcap">Irish Penny
-Journal</span>, I hereby particularly enjoin it upon all my brethren
-more and more to patronise that excellent work.</p>
-
-<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Irish Bravery.</span>&mdash;The following instance of Irish bravery,
-recorded in Falkner’s Journal, March 18, 1760, is too remarkable
-to be buried in oblivion:&mdash;“On Saturday last, arrived at
-Youghal the ship <i>Good Intent</i>, belonging to Waterford, but
-last from Bilboa: she was taken the Tuesday before by a
-French privateer off Ushant, and had on board ten or twelve
-hands, her lading brandy and iron. The French took away
-the master (Bongar), and all the men, except five and a boy.
-On Friday last, four of them (the fifth not consenting)
-formed a plan to surprise the nine Frenchmen who were navigating
-the vessel to France, and succeeded therein. Four of
-the Frenchmen were under deck, three aloft, one at the helm,
-and the other man near him: three of the Irishmen were
-under deck, one at the helm, and the fifth hiding. One
-Brien by surprise tripped up the heels of the Frenchman at
-the helm, seized his pistol, and discharged it at the other, at
-the same instant making a signal for his three comrades
-below to follow his example: they assailed the Frenchmen, and
-by getting at their broadswords soon compelled them to be
-quiet; and immediately getting above, shut the hatches.
-After a desperate cut which one of the Frenchmen received
-on the arm in defending his head, and another a bruise by
-throwing the pistol at his head after it was discharged (for he
-missed him), those above likewise called out for quarter, and
-yielded up the quarterdeck to the intrepid Mr Brien. Not
-one of these fellows could read or write; of consequence they
-knew not how to navigate the ship, but Brien said that as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span>
-he knew his course was north in general, being near Ushant,
-he steered at a venture, and the first land he made was near
-Youghal, where he happily arrived and landed his prisoners,
-who are now in Youghal gaol.”</p>
-
-<h2 class="gap4">MIGRATION OF FISHES.</h2>
-
-<p>Amongst the migrations of fishes, I must not neglect those
-that take place in consequence of the water in the ponds or
-pools that they inhabit being dried up: some of these are very
-extraordinary, and prove that when the Creator gave being
-to these animals, he foresaw the circumstances in which they
-would be placed, and mercifully provided them with means of
-escape from dangers to which they were necessarily exposed.</p>
-
-<p>In very dry summers, the fishes that inhabit the above situations
-are reduced often to the last extremities, and endeavour
-to relieve themselves by plunging, first their heads, and
-afterwards their whole bodies, in the mud to a considerable
-depth; and so, though many in such seasons perish, some are
-preserved till a rainy one again supplies them with the element
-so indispensable to their life. Carp, it is known, may be kept
-and fed a very long time in nets in a damp cellar, a faculty
-which fits them for retaining their vitality when they bury
-themselves at such a depth as to shelter them from the heat.</p>
-
-<p>But others, when reduced to this extremity, desert their
-native pool, and travel in search of another that is better supplied
-with water. This has long been known of eels, which
-wind, by night, through the grass in search of water, when
-so circumstanced. Dr Hancock, in the Zoological Journal,
-gives an account of a species of fish called by the Indians the
-Flat-head Hassar, and belonging to a genus of the family of
-the Siluridans, which is instructed by its Creator, when the
-pools in which they commonly reside in very dry seasons lose
-their water, to take the resolution of marching by land in
-search of others in which the water is not evaporated. These
-fish grow to about the length of a foot, and travel in large
-droves with this view; they move by night, and their motion
-is said to be like that of the two-footed lizard. A strong serrated
-arm constitutes the first ray of its pectoral fin. Using
-this as a kind of foot, it should seem they push themselves forwards
-by means of their elastic tail, moving nearly as fast as
-a man will leisurely walk. The strong plates which envelope
-their body probably facilitate their progress in the same manner
-as those under the body of serpents, which in some degree
-perform the office of feet. It is affirmed by the Indians that
-they are furnished with an internal supply of water sufficient
-for their journey, which seems confirmed by the circumstance
-that their bodies when taken out of the water, even if wiped
-dry with a cloth, become instantly moist again. Mr Campbell,
-a friend of Dr Hancock’s, resident in Essequibo, once
-fell in with a drove of these animals, which were so numerous
-that the Indians filled several baskets with them.</p>
-
-<p>Another migrating fish was found by thousands in the ponds
-and all the fresh waters of Carolina, by Bosc; and as these
-pools are subject to be dry in summer, the Creator has furnished
-this fish, as well as one of the flying ones, by means of
-a membrane which closes its mouth, with the faculty of living
-out of water, and of travelling by leaps to discover other
-pools. Bosc often amused himself with their motions when he
-had placed them on the ground, and he found that they always
-direct themselves towards the nearest water, which they could
-not possibly see, and which they must have discovered by some
-internal index; during their migrations they furnish food to
-numerous birds and reptiles. They belong to a genus of abdominal
-fishes, and are called swampines. It is evident from
-this statement that these fishes are both fitted by their Creator
-not only to exist, but also move along out of the water,
-and are directed by the instinct implanted by Him to seek the
-nearest pool that contains that element; thus furnishing a
-strong proof of what are called compensating contrivances;
-neither of these fishes have legs, yet the one can walk and the
-other leap without them, by other means with which the Supreme
-Intelligence has endowed it. I may here observe that
-the serrated bone, or first ray of the pectoral fin, by the assistance
-of which the flat-head appears to move, is found in
-other Siluridans, which leads to a conjecture that those may
-sometimes also move upon land.</p>
-
-<p>Another fish found by Daldorf in Tranquebar, not only
-creeps upon the shore, but even climbs the Fan palm in pursuit
-of certain Crustaceans which form its food. The structure
-of this fish peculiarly fits it for the exercise of this remarkable
-instinct. Its body is lubricated with slime, which
-facilitates its progress over the bark, and amongst its chinks;
-its gill-covers are armed with numerous spines, by which,
-used as hands, it appears to suspend itself; turning its tail to
-the left, and standing as it were on the little spines of its anal
-fin, it endeavours to push itself upwards by the expansion of
-its body, closing at the same time its gill-covers, that they
-may not prevent its progress; then expanding them again, it
-reaches a higher point: thus, and by bending the spiny rays
-of its dorsal fins to the right and left, and fixing them in the
-bark, it continues its journey upwards. The dorsal and anal
-fins can be folded up and received into a cavity of the body.</p>
-
-<p>How exactly does this structure fit it for this extraordinary
-instinct! These fins assist it in certain parts of its progress,
-and when not employed, can be packed up so as not to hinder
-its progress. The lobes of its gill-covers are so divided
-and armed as to be employed together, or separately as hands,
-for the suspension of the animal, till, by fixing its dorsal and
-anal fins, it prepares itself to take another step: all showing
-the Supreme Intelligence and Almighty hand that planned
-and fabricated its structure, causing so many organs, each in
-its own way, to assist in promoting a common purpose. The
-Fan palm in which this animal was taken by Daldorf, grew
-near the pool inhabited by these fishes. He makes no mention,
-however, of their object in these terrestrial excursions;
-but Dr Virey observes that it is for the sake of small Crustaceans
-on which they feed.&mdash;<cite>Kirby’s Bridgewater Treatise.</cite></p>
-
-<h2 class="gap4">“THY KINGDOM COME,”<br />
-<span class="smaller">BY MARY ANNE BROWNE.</span></h2>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Thy kingdom come! but where shall it be?</div>
-<div class="verse">In the sweet, wild groves of Araby,</div>
-<div class="verse">Where the citron groves and the date-tree grow,</div>
-<div class="verse">Where the fair and thornless roses blow,</div>
-<div class="verse">Where the sunlight falls in radiant streams,</div>
-<div class="verse">And the moon on forests of palm-trees beams?</div>
-<div class="verse">Fair are its roses and clustering vine,</div>
-<div class="verse">And its kingdom is bright!&mdash;but it is not Thine.</div>
-</div>
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Thy kingdom come! shall it be in the land</div>
-<div class="verse">Where the wrecks of the mighty and valiant stand;</div>
-<div class="verse">Where the temples, once by the heathen trod,</div>
-<div class="verse">Resound to the holy name of God;</div>
-<div class="verse">Where the fallen pillars and sculptured stone</div>
-<div class="verse">Are ’midst sweet wreaths of wild flowers thrown?</div>
-<div class="verse">It hath a sad grace, that land so fair,</div>
-<div class="verse">But thy kingdom&mdash;thy kingdom is not there!</div>
-</div>
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Thy kingdom come! oh, wilt thou reign</div>
-<div class="verse">Within some grand and mighty fane?</div>
-<div class="verse">By the work of our hands we will raise the pile,</div>
-<div class="verse">We will strew with flowers the vaulted aisle,</div>
-<div class="verse">We will toss the silver censers around,</div>
-<div class="verse">And a thousand voices of sweetest sound</div>
-<div class="verse">Shall breathe at once; but it may not be&mdash;</div>
-<div class="verse">Such a kingdom accepted is not by Thee!</div>
-</div>
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Thy kingdom come! in our cottage homes</div>
-<div class="verse">We will give thee our hearts, by our kindred’s tombs,</div>
-<div class="verse">By the rippling streams, in the ancient woods,</div>
-<div class="verse">Alike in clouds and in solitudes:</div>
-<div class="verse">When the sun in his glory is beaming on high,</div>
-<div class="verse">When the moon and stars are lighting the sky,</div>
-<div class="verse">Our souls shall be breathed in praise and prayer,</div>
-<div class="verse">So Thou wilt make thy kingdom there!</div>
-</div>
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse right">&mdash;<cite>From the Knickerbocker.</cite></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Love of Children.</span>&mdash;Tell me not of the trim, precisely
-arranged homes where there are no children&mdash;“where,” as
-the good German has it, “the fly-traps always hang straight
-on the wall:” tell me not of the never-disturbed nights and
-days&mdash;of the tranquil, un-anxious hearts, where children are
-not! I care not for these things. God sends children for
-another purpose than merely to keep up the race&mdash;to enlarge
-our hearts, to make us unselfish, and full of kindly sympathies
-and affections; to give our souls higher aims, and to call out
-all our faculties to extended enterprise and exertion; to bring
-round our firesides bright faces and happy smiles, and loving,
-tender hearts. My soul blesses the Great Father every day,
-that he has gladdened the earth with little children.</p>
-
-<hr class="tb" />
-
-<div class="blockquote">
-
-<p>Printed and Published every Saturday by <span class="smcap">Gunn</span> and <span class="smcap">Cameron</span>, at the Office
-of the General Advertiser, No. 6, Church Lane, College Green, Dublin;
-and sold by all Booksellers.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1, No.
-17, October 24, 1840, by Various
-
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