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diff --git a/old/54258-h/54258-h.htm b/old/54258-h/54258-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index b0b3ab4..0000000 --- a/old/54258-h/54258-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1975 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - <title> - The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 16, October 17, 1840, by Various. - </title> - - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - -<style type="text/css"> - -a { - text-decoration: none; -} - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - -h1,h2,h3 { - text-align: center; - clear: both; -} - -hr { - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - clear: both; -} - -hr.tb { - width: 45%; - margin-left: 27.5%; - margin-right: 27.5%; -} - -ul { - list-style-type: none; -} - -li { - margin-top: .5em; - padding-left: 8em; - text-indent: -8em; -} - -p { - margin-top: 0.5em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: 0.5em; -} - -table { - margin: 1em auto 1em auto; - width: 40em; -} - -.pagenum { - position: absolute; - right: 4%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; -} - -.blockquote { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - -.center { - text-align: center; -} - -.ditto { - margin-left: 2em; -} - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; -} - -.footnotes { - margin-top: 1em; - border: dashed 1px; -} - -.footnote { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; - font-size: 0.9em; -} - -.footnote .label { - position: absolute; - right: 84%; - text-align: right; -} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: none; -} - -.gap4 { - margin-top: 4em; -} - -.irish { - font-family: "Duibhlinn", "Uncial Antiqua", uncial, cursive; -} - -.poetry-container { - text-align: center; - margin: 1em; -} - -.poetry { - display: inline-block; - text-align: left; -} - -.poetry .stanza { - margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; -} - -.poetry .verse { - text-indent: -3em; - padding-left: 3em; -} - -.poetry .indent1 { - text-indent: -2em; -} - -.poetry .indent4 { - text-indent: 1em; -} - -.right { - text-align: right; -} - -.smaller { - font-size: smaller; -} - -.smcap { - font-variant: small-caps; - font-style: normal; -} - -@media handheld { - -img { - max-width: 100%; - width: auto; - height: auto; -} - -.poetry { - display: block; - margin-left: 1.5em; -} - -.blockquote { - margin-left: 5%; - margin-right: 5%; -} -} - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1, No. 16, -October 17, 1840, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1, No. 16, October 17, 1840 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: February 28, 2017 [EBook #54258] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL *** - - - - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span></p> - -<h1>THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL.</h1> - -<table summary="Headline layout"> - <tr> - <td class="smcap">Number 16.</td> - <td class="center">SATURDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1840.</td> - <td class="right smcap">Volume I.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class="figcenter gap4" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/inchiquin.jpg" width="500" height="420" alt="Inchiquin castle and lake" /> -</div> - -<h2>THE CASTLE AND LAKE OF INCHIQUIN, COUNTY OF CLARE.</h2> - -<p>Connemara itself, now so celebrated for its lakes and mountains, -was not less unknown a few years since than the greater -portion of the county of Clare. Without roads, or houses of -entertainment for travellers, its magnificent coast and other -scenery were necessarily unvisited by the pleasure tourists, -and but little appreciated even by their inhabitants themselves. -But Clare can no longer be said to be an unvisited district: -the recent formation of roads has opened to observation many -features of interest previously inaccessible to the traveller, -and its singular coast scenery—the most sublimely magnificent -in the British islands, if not in Europe—has at least been -made known to the public by topographical and scientific -explorers—it has become an attractive locality to artists and -pleasure tourists, and will doubtless be visited by increasing -numbers of such persons in each successive year.</p> - -<p>There is however as yet in this county too great a deficiency -in the number of respectable houses of entertainment suited to -the habits of pleasure tourists; for though the wealthier and -more educated classes in the British empire are becoming -daily a more travelling and picturesque-hunting genus, they -will not be content to live on fine scenery, but must have food -for the body as well as for the mind; and truly they must be -enthusiastic lovers of the picturesque, who, to gratify their -taste, will subject themselves to the vicissitudes of such an uncertain -climate as ours, without the certainty of such consoling -comforts as are afforded in a clean and comfortable inn.</p> - -<p>Yet we do not despair of seeing this want soon supplied. -Wherever there is a demand for a commodity it will not be -long wanting; and the people of Clare are too sagacious not -to perceive, however slowly, the practical wisdom of holding -out every inducement of this kind to those who might be disposed -to visit them and spend their money among them. -The first step necessary, however, to produce such results in -any little frequented district, is to make its objects of interest -known to the public by the pencil and the pen—the rest will -follow in due course; and our best efforts, such as they are, -shall not be unexerted towards effecting such an important -good as well for Clare as for many other as yet little known -localities of our country.</p> - -<p>Clare is indeed on many accounts deserving of greater attention<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span> -than it has hitherto received. It is a county rich in -attractions for the geologist and naturalist, and interesting in -the highest degree to the lovers of the picturesque. With a -surface singularly broken and diversified, full of mountains, -hills, lakes, and rivers, dotted all over with every class of ancient -remains, its scenery is peculiarly Irish, and though of a -somewhat melancholy aspect, it is never wanting in a poetic -and historic interest. Such a district is not indeed exactly -suited to the tastes of the common scenery-hunter, for it possesses -but little of that woody and artificially adorned scenery -which he requires, and can alone enjoy; and hence it has usually -been described by tourists and topographers with a coldness -which shows how little its peculiarities had impressed their -feelings, and how incompetent they were to communicate to -others a just estimate of its character. Let us take as an -example the notice given by the writers of Lewis’s Topographical -Dictionary, of one of the Clare beauties of which the -natives are most proud—the caverns called the To-meens or -To-mines, near Kiltanan:—</p> - -<p>“At Kiltanan is a succession of limestone caverns, through -which a rivulet takes its course: these are much visited in -summer; many petrified shells are found in the limestone, -some of which are nearly perfect, and—<em>very curious</em>!”</p> - -<p>This it must be confessed is cold enough; but the description -of the same locality given by our friend the author of -the Guide through Ireland, is, as our readers will see, not a -whit warmer. It is as follows:—</p> - -<p>“A mile from Tulla is Kiltanan, the handsome residence -of James Moloney, Esq.; and in addition to the pleasure of a -well-kept residence, in a naked and sadly neglected country, -<em>some interest</em> is excited by the subterraneous course of the -rivulet called the To-meens, which waters this demesne!”</p> - -<p>Now, would any person be induced by such descriptions as -those to visit the said To-meens? We suspect not. But hear -with what delight a native writer of this county actually -revels in a description of these remarkable caves:—</p> - -<p>“About a mile N. W. of Tulla lies the river of Kiltanan, and -Milltown, famous for its ever-amazing and elegant subterraneous -curiosities, called the To-mines: they form a part of the -river, midway between Kiltanan House and the Castle of -Milltown, extending under ground for a space, which (from -its invisible winding banks and crystal meanders) may reasonably -be computed a quarter of an English mile: they are -vaulted, and sheltered with a solid rock, transmitting a sufficiency -of light and air by intermediate chinks and apertures -gradually offering at certain intervals.</p> - -<p>At each side of this Elysian-like river are roomy passages -or rather apartments, freely communicating one with the -other, and scarcely obvious to any inclemency whatsoever: -they are likewise decorated with a sandy beach level along to -walk on, whilst the curious spectators are crowned with garlands -of ivy, hanging in triplets from the impending rocky -shades: numbers of the sporting game, the wily fox, the -wary hare, and the multiplying rabbit, &c. merrily parading in -view of their own singular and various absconding haunts -and retreats. Ingenious nature thus entertains her welcome -visitants from the entrance to the extremity of the To-mines. -Lo! when parting liberally rewarded, and amply satisfied -with such egregious and wonderful exhibitions, a bridge or -arch over the same river, curiously composed of solid stone, -appears to them as a lively representation of an artificial one.</p> - -<p>What can the much boasted of Giants’ Causeway, in the north -of this kingdom, produce but scenes of horror and obscurity? -whilst the To-mines of the barony of Tulla, like unto the artificial -beauties of the Latomi of Syracuse, freely exhibit the -most natural and pleasing appearances.</p> - -<p>Let the literati and curious, after taking the continental -tour of Europe, praise and even write of the imaginary beauties -and natural curiosities of Italy and Switzerland—pray, -let them also, on a cool reflection, repair to the county of -Clare, view and touch upon the truly subterraneous and -really unartificial curiosities of the To-mines: they will impartially -admit that these naturally enchanting rarities may -be freely visited, and generously treated of, by the ingenious -and learned of this and after ages.”—<cite>A Short Tour, or an -Impartial and Accurate Description of the County of Clare, -by John Lloyd, Ennis; 1780.</cite></p> - -<p>Excellent. Mr Lloyd! Your style is indeed a <em>little</em> peculiar, -and what some would think extravagant and grotesque; -but you describe with feeling, and we shall certainly visit your -To-meens next summer. But in the mean time we must notice -another Clare lion, of which you have given us no account—the -lake and castle, which we have drawn as an embellishment -to our present number. This is a locality respecting the -beauty of which there can be no difference of opinion: it has -all the circumstances which give interest to a landscape—wood, -water, lake, mountain, and ancient ruin—and the effect -of their combination is singularly enhanced by the surprise -created by the appearance of a scene so delightful in a district -wild, rocky, and unimproved.</p> - -<p>The lake of Inchiquin is situated in the parish of Kilnaboy, -barony of Inchiquin, and is about two miles and a half in circumference. -It is bounded on its western side by a range of -hills rugged but richly wooded, and rising abruptly from its -margin; and on its southern side, the domain surrounding the -residence of the Burton family, and the ornamental grounds -of Adelphi, the residence of W. and F. Fitzgerald, Esqrs. contribute -to adorn a scene of remarkable natural beauty. One -solitary island alone appears on its surface, unless that be -ranked as one on which the ancient castle is situated, and -which may originally have been insulated, though no longer -so. The castle, which is situated at the northern side of the -lake, though greatly dilapidated, is still a picturesque and interesting -ruin, consisting of the remains of a barbican tower, -keep, and old mansion-house attached to it; and its situation -on a rocky island or peninsula standing out in the smooth -water, with its grey walls relieved by the dark masses of the -wooded hills behind, is eminently striking and imposing.</p> - -<p>It is from this island or peninsula that the barony takes its -name; and from this also the chief of the O’Briens, the Marquis -of Thomond, derives his more ancient title of Earl of Inchiquin. -For a long period it was the principal residence of -the chiefs of this great family, to one of whom it unquestionably -owes its origin; but we have not been able to ascertain -with certainty the name of its founder, or date of its erection. -There is, however, every reason to ascribe its foundation to -Tiege O’Brien, king or lord of Thomond, who died, according -to the Annals of the Four Masters, in 1466, as he is the -first of his name on record who made it his residence, and as -its architectural features are most strictly characteristic of -the style of the age in which he flourished.</p> - -<p>But though the erection of this castle is properly to be -ascribed to the O’Briens, it is a great error in the writers of -Lewis’s Topographical Dictionary to state that it has been -from time immemorial the property of the O’Brien family. -The locality, as its name indicates, and as history and tradition -assure us, was the ancient residence of the O’Quins, a -family of equal antiquity with the O’Briens, and of the same -stock—namely, the Dal Cas or descendants of Cormac Cas, -the son of Ollioll Oluim, who was monarch of Ireland in the -beginning of the third century. The O’Quins were chiefs of the -clan called Hy-Ifearnan, and their possessions were bounded by -those of the O’Deas on the east, the O’Loughlins and O’Conors -(Corcomroe) on the west and north-west, the O’Hynes -on the north, and the O’Hehirs on the south. At what period -or from what circumstance the O’Quins lost their ancient -patrimony, we have not been able to discover; but it -would appear to have been about the middle or perhaps close -of the fourteenth century, to which time their genealogy as -chiefs is recorded in that invaluable repository of Irish family -history, the Book of Mac Firbis; and it would seem most probable -that they were transplanted by the O’Briens about this -period to the county of Limerick, in which they are subsequently -found. Their removal is indeed differently accounted -for in a popular legend still current in the barony, and which, -according to our recollections of it, is to the following effect:</p> - -<p>In the youth of the last O’Quin of Inchiquin, he saw from -his residence a number of swans of singular beauty frequenting -the west side of the lake, and wandering along its shore. -Wishing, if possible, to possess himself of one of them, he was -in the habit of concealing himself among the rocks and woods -in its vicinity, hoping that he might take them by surprise, -and he was at length successful: one of them became his captive, -and was secretly carried to his residence, when, to his -amazement and delight, throwing off her downy covering, she -assumed the form of a beautiful woman, and shortly after became -his wife. Previous to the marriage, however, she imposed -certain conditions on her lover as the price of her consent, -to which he willingly agreed. These were—first, that -their union should be kept secret; secondly, that he should -not receive any visitors at his mansion, particularly those -of the O’Briens; and, lastly, that he should wholly abstain -from gambling. For some years these conditions were -strictly adhered to; they lived in happiness together, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span> -two children blessed their union. But it happened unfortunately -at length that at the neighbouring races at Cood he fell -in with the O’Briens, by whom he was hospitably treated; and -being induced to indulge in too much wine, he forgot his engagements -to his wife, and invited them to his residence on a certain -day to repay their kindness to him. His wife heard of -this invitation with sadness, but proceeded without remonstrance -to prepare the feast for his guests. But she did not -grace it with her presence; and when the company had assembled, -and were engaged in merriment, she withdrew to her -own apartment, to which she called her children, and after -embracing them in a paroxysm of grief, which they could not -account for, she took her original feathery covering from a -press in which it had been kept, arrayed herself in it, and -assuming her pristine shape, plunged into the lake, and was -never seen afterwards. On the same night, O’Quin, again -forgetful of the promises he had made her, engaged in play -with Tiege-an-Cood O’Brien, the most distinguished of his -guests, and lost the whole of his property.</p> - -<p>The reader is at liberty to believe as much or as little of -this story as he pleases: but at all events the legend is valuable -in a historical point of view, as indicating the period -when the lands of Inchiquin passed into the hands of the -O’Brien family; nor is it wholly improbable that under the -guise of a wild legend may be concealed some indistinct -tradition of such a real occurrence as that O’Quin made a -union long kept hidden, with a person of inferior station, and -that its discovery drew down upon his head the vengeance -of his proud compeers, and led to their removal to another -district of the chiefs of the clan Hy-Ifearnan.</p> - -<p>Be this, however, as it may, the ancient family of O’Quin—more -fortunate than most other Irish families of noble -origin—has never sunk into obscurity, or been without a -representative of aristocratic rank; and it can at present -boast of a representative among the nobility of the empire in -the person of its justly presumed chief, the noble Earl of -Dunraven.</p> - -<p>We have thus slightly touched on the history of the O’Quins, -not only as it was connected with that of the locality which we -had to illustrate, but also as necessary to correct a great error -into which Burke and other modern genealogists have fallen -in their accounts of the origin of the name and descent of this -family. Thus it is stated by those writers that “the surname -is derived from Con Ceadcaha, or Con of the hundred -battles, monarch of Ireland in the second century, whose -grandson was called Cuinn (rather O’Cuinn), that is, the -descendant of Con, when he wielded the sceptre in 254.” -But those writers should not have been ignorant that Con, -which literally signifies the powerful, was a common name in -Ireland both in Christian and Pagan times; and still more, -they should not have been ignorant of the important fact for -a genealogist, that the use of surnames was unknown in Ireland -till the close of the tenth century. The story is altogether -a silly fiction; and as the real origin of the family -appears to be now unknown even to themselves, and as their -pedigree has never as yet been printed, we are tempted to -give it in an English form, translated from the original, preserved -in the books of Lecan and Duald Mac Firbis:—</p> - -<ul> -<li>“Conor O’Quinn,</li> -<li>the son of Donell,</li> -<li><span class="ditto">——</span> Donell,</li> -<li><span class="ditto">——</span> Thomas,</li> -<li><span class="ditto">——</span> Donell,</li> -<li><span class="ditto">——</span> Donogh,</li> -<li><span class="ditto">——</span> Giolla Seanain,</li> -<li><span class="ditto">——</span> Donogh,</li> -<li><span class="ditto">——</span> Morough,</li> -<li><span class="ditto">——</span> Corc, who was the tutor of Murtogh O’Brien (the great grandson of Brian Boru),</li> -<li><span class="ditto">——</span> Feidhleachair,</li> -<li><span class="ditto">——</span> Niall, who was henchman to Morough, the son of Brian Boru, whose fate he shared in the battle of Clontarf,</li> -<li><span class="ditto">——</span> Conn, from whom the name is derived.”</li> -</ul> - -<p>The pedigree is carried up from this Con through eighteen -generations to Cormac Cas, the son of Ollioll Oluim, and the -common progenitor of all the tribes of the Dal-Cassians.</p> - -<p>In this notice we may add, as an evidence of the ancient -rank of the family, that the Irish annalists at the year 1188 -record the death of Edaoin, the daughter of O’Quin, Queen -of Munster, on her pilgrimage at Derry in that year. She -appears to have been the wife of Mortogh O’Brien, who died -without issue in 1168, and was succeeded by his brother -Donald More, the last king of all Munster.</p> - -<p>The Castle of Inchiquin is referred to in the Irish Annals -as the residence of the chiefs of the O’Brien family, at the -years 1542, 1559, and 1573; but the notices contain no interest -to the general reader.</p> - -<p class="right">P.</p> - -<h2 class="gap4">ANCIENT IRISH LITERATURE—No. II.</h2> - -<p>In a preceding paper under this heading we lately gave a -sample from the lighter class of native Irish poetry of the seventeenth -century, namely, “The Woman of Three Cows.” -We have now to present our readers with a specimen of a -more serious character, belonging to the same age—an Elegy -on the death of the Tironian and Tirconnellian princes, who -having fled with others from Ireland in the year 1607, and -afterwards dying at Rome, were there interred on St Peter’s -Hill, in one grave.</p> - -<p>The poem is the production of O’Donnell’s bard, Owen -Roe Mac an Bhaird, or Ward, who accompanied the family -in their flight, and is addressed to Nuala, O’Donnell’s sister, -who was also one of the fugitives. As the circumstances connected -with the flight of the Northern Earls, and which led to -the subsequent confiscation of the six Ulster Counties by -James I., may not be immediately in the recollection of many -of our readers, it may be proper briefly to state, that their -departure from this country was caused by the discovery of a -letter directed to Sir William Ussher, Clerk of the Council, -which was dropped in the Council-chamber on the 7th of May, -and which accused the Northern chieftains generally of a conspiracy -to overthrow the government. Whether this charge -was founded in truth or not, it is not necessary for us to express -any opinion; but as in some degree necessary to the -illustration of the poem, and as an interesting piece of hitherto -unpublished literature in itself, we shall here, as a preface to -the poem, extract the following account of the flight of the -Northern Earls, as recorded in the Annals of the Four Masters, -and translated by Mr O’Donovan:—</p> - -<p>“Maguire (Cuconnaught) and Donogh, son of Mahon, who -was son of the Bishop O’Brien, sailed in a ship to Ireland, and -put in at the harbour of Swilly. They then took with them -from Ireland the Earl O’Neill (Hugh, son of Ferdoragh) and -the Earl O’Donnell (Rory, son of Hugh, who was son of Magnus) -and many others of the nobles of the province of Ulster. -These are the persons who went with O’Neill, namely, his -Countess, Catherina, daughter of Magennis, and her three -sons; Hugh, the Baron, John and Brian; Art Oge, son of -Cormac, who was son of the Baron; Ferdoragh, son of Con, -who was son of O’Neill; Hugh Oge, son of Brian, who was -son of Art O’Neill; and many others of his most intimate -friends. These were they who went with the Earl O’Donnell, -namely, Caffer, his brother, with his sister Nuala; Hugh, -the Earl’s child, wanting three weeks of being one year old; -Rose, daughter of O’Doherty and wife of Caffer, with her son -Hugh, aged two years and three months; his (Rory’s) brother -son Donnell Oge, son of Donnell, Naghtan son of Calvach, -who was son of Donogh Cairbreach O’Donnell, and -many others of his intimate friends. They embarked on the -Festival of the Holy Cross in Autumn.</p> - -<p>This was a distinguished company; and it is certain that -the sea has not borne and the wind has not wafted in modern -times a number of persons in one ship more eminent, illustrious -or noble, in point of genealogy, heroic deeds, valour, feats -of arms, and brave achievements, than they. Would that God -had but permitted them to remain in their patrimonial inheritances -until the children should arrive at the age of manhood! -Woe to the heart that meditated, woe to the mind that conceived, -woe to the council that recommended the project of -this expedition, without knowing whether they should, to the -end of their lives, be able to return to their native principalities -or patrimonies.”</p> - -<h3>AN ELEGY<br /> -<span class="smaller">ON THE TIRONIAN AND TIRCONNELLIAN PRINCES BURIED AT ROME.</span></h3> - -<p class="irish center">“A bhean fuair faill air an ffeart!”</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O, Woman of the Piercing Wail,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Who mournest o’er yon mound of clay</div> -<div class="verse indent4">With sigh and groan,</div> -<div class="verse">Would God thou wert among the Gael!</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Thou wouldst not then from day to day</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Weep thus alone.</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span> -<div class="verse">’Twere long before, around a grave</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In green Tirconnell, one could find</div> -<div class="verse indent4">This loneliness;</div> -<div class="verse">Near where Beann-Boirche’s banners wave</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Such grief as thine could ne’er have pined</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Companionless.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Beside the wave, in Donegall,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">In Antrim’s glens, or fair Dromore,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Or Killilee,</div> -<div class="verse">Or where the sunny waters fall,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">At Assaroe, near Erna’s shore,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">This could not be.</div> -<div class="verse">On Derry’s plains—in rich Drumclieff—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Throughout Armagh the Great, renowned</div> -<div class="verse indent4">In olden years,</div> -<div class="verse">No day could pass but Woman’s grief</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Would rain upon the burial-ground</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Fresh floods of tears!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O, no!—from Shannon, Boyne, and Suir,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">From high Dunluce’s castle-walls,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">From Lissadill,</div> -<div class="verse">Would flock alike both rich and poor,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">One wail would rise from Cruachan’s halls</div> -<div class="verse indent4">To Tara’s hill;</div> -<div class="verse">And some would come from Barrow-side,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And many a maid would leave her home</div> -<div class="verse indent4">On Leitrim’s plains,</div> -<div class="verse">And by melodious Banna’s tide,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And by the Mourne and Erne, to come</div> -<div class="verse indent4">And swell thy strains!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O, horses’ hoofs would trample down</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The Mount whereon the martyr-saint<a name="FNanchor_1" id="FNanchor_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></div> -<div class="verse indent4">Was crucified.</div> -<div class="verse">From glen and hill, from plain and town,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">One loud lament, one thrilling plaint,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Would echo wide.</div> -<div class="verse">There would not soon be found, I ween,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">One foot of ground among those bands</div> -<div class="verse indent4">For museful thought,</div> -<div class="verse">So many shriekers of the <i lang="ga">keen</i><a name="FNanchor_2" id="FNanchor_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></div> -<div class="verse indent1">Would cry aloud, and clap their hands,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">All woe-distraught!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Two princes of the line of Conn</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Sleep in their cells of clay beside</div> -<div class="verse indent4">O’Donnell Roe:</div> -<div class="verse">Three royal youths, alas! are gone,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Who lived for Erin’s weal, but died</div> -<div class="verse indent4">For Erin’s woe!</div> -<div class="verse">Ah! could the men of Ireland read</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The names these noteless burial-stones</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Display to view</div> -<div class="verse">Their wounded hearts afresh would bleed.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Their tears gush forth again, their groans</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Resound anew!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The youths whose relics moulder here</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Were sprung from Hugh, high Prince and Lord</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Of Aileach’s lands;</div> -<div class="verse">Thy noble brothers, justly dear,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Thy nephew, long to be deplored</div> -<div class="verse indent4">By Ulster’s bands.</div> -<div class="verse">Theirs were not souls wherein dull Time</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Could domicile Decay or house</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Decrepitude!</div> -<div class="verse">They passed from Earth ere Manhood’s prime,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Ere years had power to dim their brows</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Or chill their blood.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And who can marvel o’er thy grief,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Or who can blame thy flowing tears,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">That knows their source?</div> -<div class="verse">O’Donnell, Dunnasava’s chief,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Cut off amid his vernal years,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Lies here a corse</div> -<div class="verse">Beside his brother Cathbar, whom</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Tirconnell of the Helmets mourns</div> -<div class="verse indent4">In deep despair—</div> -<div class="verse">For valour, truth, and comely bloom,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">For all that greatens and adorns,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">A peerless pair.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O, had these twain, and he, the third,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The Lord of Mourne, O’Niall’s son,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Their mate in death—</div> -<div class="verse">A prince in look, in deed, and word—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Had these three heroes yielded on</div> -<div class="verse indent4">The field their breath,</div> -<div class="verse">O, had they fallen on Criffan’s plain,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">There would not be a town or clan</div> -<div class="verse indent4">From shore to sea,</div> -<div class="verse">But would with shrieks bewail the Slain,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Or chant aloud the exulting <i lang="ga">rann</i><a name="FNanchor_3" id="FNanchor_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></div> -<div class="verse indent4">Of jubilee!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">When high the shout of battle rose,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">On fields where Freedom’s torch still burned</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Through Erin’s gloom,</div> -<div class="verse">If one, if barely one of those</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Were slain, all Ulster would have mourned</div> -<div class="verse indent4">The hero’s doom!</div> -<div class="verse">If at Athboy, where hosts of brave</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Ulidian horsemen sank beneath</div> -<div class="verse indent4">The shock of spears,</div> -<div class="verse">Young Hugh O’Neill had found a grave,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Long must the North have wept his death</div> -<div class="verse indent4">With heart-wrung tears!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">If on the day of Ballach-myre</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The Lord of Mourne had met, thus young,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">A warrior’s fate,</div> -<div class="verse">In vain would such as thou desire</div> -<div class="verse indent1">To mourn, alone, the champion sprung</div> -<div class="verse indent4">From Niall the Great!</div> -<div class="verse">No marvel this—for all the Dead,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Heaped on the field, pile over pile,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">At Mullach-brack,</div> -<div class="verse">Were scarce an <i lang="ga">eric</i><a name="FNanchor_4" id="FNanchor_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> for his head,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">If Death had stayed his footsteps while</div> -<div class="verse indent4">On victory’s track!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">If on the Day of Hostages</div> -<div class="verse indent1">The fruit had from the parent bough</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Been rudely torn</div> -<div class="verse">In sight of Munster’s bands—Mac-Nee’s</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Such blow the blood of Conn, I trow,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Could ill have borne.</div> -<div class="verse">If on the day of Ballach-boy</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Some arm had laid, by foul surprise,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">The chieftain low,</div> -<div class="verse">Even our victorious shout of joy</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Would soon give place to rueful cries</div> -<div class="verse indent4">And groans of woe!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">If on the day the Saxon host</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Were forced to fly—a day so great</div> -<div class="verse indent4">For Ashanee<a name="FNanchor_5" id="FNanchor_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a>—</div> -<div class="verse">The Chief had been untimely lost,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Our conquering troops should moderate</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Their mirthful glee.</div> -<div class="verse">There would not lack on Lifford’s day,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">From Galway, from the glens of Boyle,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">From Limerick’s towers,</div> -<div class="verse">A marshalled file, a long array.</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Of mourners to bedew the soil</div> -<div class="verse indent4">With tears in showers!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">If on the day a sterner fate</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Compelled his flight from Athenree,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">His blood had flowed,</div> -<div class="verse">What numbers all disconsolate</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Would come unasked, and share with thee</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Affliction’s load!</div> -<div class="verse">If Derry’s crimson field had seen</div> -<div class="verse indent1">His life-blood offered up, though ’twere</div> -<div class="verse indent4">On Victory’s shrine,</div> -<div class="verse">A thousand cries would swell the <i lang="ga">keen</i>,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">A thousand voices of despair</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Would echo thine!</div><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">O, had the fierce Dalcassian swarm</div> -<div class="verse indent1">That bloody night on Fergus’ banks,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">But slain our Chief,</div> -<div class="verse">When rose his camp in wild alarm—</div> -<div class="verse indent1">How would the triumph of his ranks</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Be dashed with grief!</div> -<div class="verse">How would the troops of Murbach mourn</div> -<div class="verse indent1">If on the Curlew Mountains’ day,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Which England rued,</div> -<div class="verse">Some Saxon hand had left them lorn,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">By shedding there, amid the fray,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Their prince’s blood!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Red would have been our warriors’ eyes</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Had Roderick found on Sligo’s field</div> -<div class="verse indent4">A gory grave,</div> -<div class="verse">No Northern Chief would soon arise</div> -<div class="verse indent1">So sage to guide, so strong to shield,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">So swift to save.</div> -<div class="verse">Long would Leith-Cuinn have wept, if Hugh</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Had met the death he oft had dealt</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Among the foe;</div> -<div class="verse">But, had our Roderick fallen too,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">All Erin must, alas! have felt</div> -<div class="verse indent4">The deadly blow!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">What do I say? Ah, woe is me!</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Already we bewail in vain</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Their fatal fall:</div> -<div class="verse">And Erin, once the Great and Free,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Now vainly mourns her breakless chain,</div> -<div class="verse indent4">And iron thrall!</div> -<div class="verse">Then, daughter of O’Donnell! dry</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Thine overflowing eyes, and turn</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Thy heart aside!</div> -<div class="verse">For Adam’s race is born to die,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And sternly the sepulchral urn</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Mocks human pride!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Look not, nor sigh, for earthly throne,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Nor place thy trust in arm of clay—</div> -<div class="verse indent4">But on thy knees</div> -<div class="verse">Uplift thy soul to <span class="smcap">God</span> alone,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">For all things go their destined way</div> -<div class="verse indent4">As He decrees.</div> -<div class="verse">Embrace the faithful Crucifix,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And seek the path of pain and prayer</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Thy Saviour trod;</div> -<div class="verse">Nor let thy spirit intermix</div> -<div class="verse indent1">With earthly hope and worldly care</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Its groans to <span class="smcap">God</span>!</div> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">And Thou, O mighty Lord! whose ways</div> -<div class="verse indent1">Are far above our feeble minds</div> -<div class="verse indent4">To understand,</div> -<div class="verse">Sustain us in these doleful days,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And render light the chain that binds</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Our fallen land!</div> -<div class="verse">Look down upon our dreary state,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And through the ages that may still</div> -<div class="verse indent4">Roll sadly on,</div> -<div class="verse">Watch Thou o’er hapless Erin’s fate,</div> -<div class="verse indent1">And shield at least from darker ill</div> -<div class="verse indent4">The blood of Conn!</div> -</div><div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse right">M.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="footnotes"> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> St Peter. This passage is not exactly a blunder, though at first it may -seem one: the poet supposes the grave itself transferred to Ireland, and he -naturally includes in the transference the whole of the immediate locality -around the grave.—<span class="smcap">Tr.</span></p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2" id="Footnote_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> <i lang="ga">Caoine.</i></p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3" id="Footnote_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Song.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4" id="Footnote_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> A compensation or fine.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_5" id="Footnote_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Ballyshannon.</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<h2 class="gap4">BOB PENTLAND, <span class="smaller">OR THE</span> GAUGER OUTWITTED.</h2> - -<p class="center">BY WILLIAM CARLETON.</p> - -<p>That the Irish are a ready-witted people, is a fact to the truth -of which testimony has been amply borne both by their friends -and enemies. Many causes might be brought forward to -account for this questionable gift, if it were our intention to -be philosophical; but as the matter has been so generally conceded, -it would be but a waste of logic to prove to the world -that which the world cares not about, beyond the mere fact -that it is so. On this or any other topic one illustration is -worth twenty arguments, and, accordingly, instead of broaching -a theory we shall relate a story.</p> - -<p>Behind the hill or rather mountain of Altnaveenan lies -one of those deep and almost precipitous vallies, on which the -practised eye of an illicit distiller would dwell with delight, as -a topography not likely to be invaded by the unhallowed feet -of the gauger and his red-coats. In point of fact, the spot -we speak of was from its peculiarly isolated situation nearly -invisible, unless to such as came very close to it. Being so -completely hemmed in and concealed by the round and angular -projections of the mountain hills, you could never dream of -its existence at all, until you came upon the very verge of the -little precipitous gorge which led into it. This advantage of -position was not, however, its only one. It is true indeed that -the moment you had entered it, all possibility of its being applied -to the purposes of distillation at once vanished, and you -consequently could not help exclaiming, “what a pity that so -safe and beautiful a nook should have not a single spot on -which to erect a still-house, or rather on which to raise a sufficient -stream of water to the elevation necessary for the process -of distilling.” If a gauger actually came to the little -chasm, and cast his scrutinizing eye over it, he would immediately -perceive that the erection of a private still in such a -place was a piece of folly not generally to be found in the -plans of those who have recourse to such practices.</p> - -<p>This absence, however, of the requisite conveniences was -only apparent, not real. To the right, about one hundred -yards above the entrance to it, ran a ledge of rocks, some -fifty feet high, or so. Along their lower brows, near the -ground, grew thick matted masses of long heath, which -covered the entrance to a cave about as large and as high as -an ordinary farm-house. Through a series of small fissures -in the rocks which formed its roof, descended a stream of -clear soft water, precisely in body and volume such as was -actually required by the distiller; but, unless by lifting up -this mass of heath, no human being could for a moment imagine -that there existed any such grotto, or so unexpected and -easy an entrance to it. Here there was a private still-house -made by the hand of nature herself, such as no art or ingenuity -of man could equal.</p> - -<p>Now it so happened that about the period we write of, there -lived in our parish two individuals so antithetical to each -other in their pursuits of life, that we question whether -throughout all the instinctive antipathies of nature we could -find any two animals more destructive of each other than the -two we mean—to wit, Bob Pentland the gauger, and little -George Steen the illicit distiller. Pentland was an old, -stanch, well-trained fellow, of about fifty years or more, -steady and sure, and with all the characteristic points of the -high-bred gauger about him. He was a tallish man, thin but -lathy, with a hooked nose that could scent the tread of a distiller -with the keenness of a slew-hound; his dark eye was -deep-set, circumspect, and roguish in its expression, and his -shaggy brow seemed always to be engaged in calculating -whereabouts his inveterate foe, little George Steen, that eternally -blinked him, when almost in his very fangs, might then -be distilling. To be brief, Pentland was proverbial for his -sagacity and adroitness in detecting distillers, and little -George was equally proverbial for having always baffled him, -and that, too, sometimes under circumstances where escape -seemed hopeless.</p> - -<p>The incidents which we are about to detail occurred -at that period of time when the collective wisdom of our legislators -thought it advisable to impose a fine upon the whole -townland in which the still head and worm might be found; -thus opening a door for knavery and fraud, and, as it proved -in most cases, rendering the innocent as liable to suffer for an -offence they never contemplated as the guilty who planned -and perpetrated it. The consequence of such a law was, that -still-houses were always certain to be erected either at the -very verge of the neighbouring districts, or as near them as -the circumstances of convenience and situation would permit. -The moment of course that the hue-and-cry of the gauger and -his myrmidons was heard upon the wind, the whole apparatus -was immediately heaved over the <i lang="ga">mering</i> to the next townland, -from which the fine imposed by parliament was necessarily -raised, whilst the crafty and offending district actually -escaped. The state of society generated by such a blundering -and barbarous statute as this, was dreadful. In the course -of a short time, reprisals, law-suits, battles, murders, and -massacres, multiplied to such an extent throughout the whole -country, that the sapient senators who occasioned such commotion -were compelled to repeal their own act as soon as they -found how it worked. Necessity, together with being the -mother of invention, is also the cause of many an accidental -discovery. Pentland had been so frequently defeated by little -George, that he vowed never to rest until he had secured him; -and George on the other hand frequently told him—for they -were otherwise on the best terms—that he defied him, or as -he himself more quaintly expressed it, “that he defied the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span> -devil, the world, and Bob Pentland.” The latter, however, -was a very sore thorn in his side, and drove him from place -to place, and from one haunt to another, until he began to despair -of being able any longer to outwit him, or to find within -the parish any spot at all suitable for distillation with which -Pentland was not acquainted. In this state stood matters -between them, when George fortunately discovered at the hip -of Altnaveenan hill the natural grotto we have just sketched -so briefly. Now, George was a man, as we have already -hinted, of great fertility of resources; but there existed in the -same parish another distiller who outstripped him in that farsighted -cunning which is so necessary in misleading or circumventing -such a sharp-scented old hound as Pentland. -This was little Mickey M’Quade, a short-necked squat little -fellow with bow legs, who might be said rather to creep in his -motion than to walk. George and Mickey were intimate -friends, independently of their joint antipathy against the -gauger, and, truth to tell, much of the mortification and many -of the defeats which Pentland experienced at George’s hands, -were, <i lang="la">sub rosa</i>, to be attributed to Mickey. George was a distiller -from none of the motives which generally actuate others -of that class. He was in truth an analytic philosopher—a natural -chemist never out of some new experiment—and we have -reason to think might have been the Kane or Faraday or -Dalton of his day, had he only received a scientific education. -Not so honest Mickey, who never troubled his head about an -experiment, but only thought of making a good running, and -defeating the gauger. The first thing of course that George -did, was to consult Mickey, and both accordingly took a walk -up to the scene of their future operations. On examining it, -and fully perceiving its advantages, it might well be said that -the look of exultation and triumph which passed between them -was not unworthy of their respective characters.</p> - -<p>“This will do,” said George. “Eh—don’t you think we’ll -put our finger in Pentland’s eye yet?” Mickey spat sagaciously -over his beard, and after a second glance gave one grave -grin which spoke volumes. “It’ll do,” said he; “but there’s -one point to be got over that maybe you didn’t think of; an’ -you know that half a blink, half a point, is enough for Pentland.”</p> - -<p>“What is it?”</p> - -<p>“What do you intend to do with the smoke when the fire’s -lit? There’ll be no keepin’ <em>that</em> down. Let but Pentland see -as much smoke risin’ as would come out of an ould woman’s -dudeen, an’ he’d have us.”</p> - -<p>George started, and it was clear by the vexation and disappointment -which were visible on his brow that unless this -untoward circumstance could be managed, their whole plan -was deranged, and the cave of no value.</p> - -<p>“What’s to be done?” he inquired of his cooler companion. -“If we can’t get over this, we may bid good bye to it.”</p> - -<p>“Never mind,” said Mickey; “I’ll manage it, and <em>do</em> Pentland -still.” “Ay, but how?”</p> - -<p>“It’s no matter. Let us not lose a minute in settin’ to -work. Lave the other thing to me; an’ if I don’t account for -the smoke without discoverin’ the entrance to the still, I’ll -give you lave to crop the ears off my head.”</p> - -<p>George knew the cool but steady self-confidence for which -Mickey was remarkable, and accordingly, without any further -interrogatory, they both proceeded to follow up their plan of -operations.</p> - -<p>In those times when distillation might be truly considered -as almost universal, it was customary for farmers to build -their out-houses with secret chambers and other requisite partitions -necessary for carrying it on. Several of them had private -stores built between false walls, the entrance to which -was only known to a few, and many of them had what were -called <em>Malt-steeps</em> sunk in hidden recesses and hollow gables, -for the purpose of steeping the barley, and afterwards of -turning and airing it, until it was sufficiently hard to be kiln-dried -and ground. From the mill it was usually conveyed to -the still-house upon what were termed <em>Slipes</em>, a kind of car -that was made without wheels, in order the more easily to -pass through morasses and bogs which no wheeled vehicle -could encounter.</p> - -<p>In the course of a month or so, George and Mickey, aided -by their friends, had all the apparatus of keeve, hogshead, &c., -together with still head and worm, set up and in full work.</p> - -<p>“And now, Mickey,” inquired his companion, “how will -you manage about the smoke? for you know that the two -worst informers against a private distiller, barrin’ a <em>stag</em>, is -a smoke by day an’ a fire by night.”</p> - -<p>“I know that,” replied Mickey; “an’ a rousin’ smoke we’ll -have, for fraid a little puff wouldn’t do us. Come, now, an’ -I’ll show you.”</p> - -<p>They both ascended to the top, where Mickey had closed -all the open fissures of the roof with the exception of that -which was directly over the fire of the still. This was at best -not more than six inches in breadth and about twelve long. -Over it he placed a piece of strong plate iron perforated with -holes, and on this he had a fire of turf, beside which sat a little -boy who acted as a vidette. The thing was simple but effective. -Clamps of turf were at every side of them, and the boy -was instructed, if the gauger, whom he well knew, ever appeared, -to heap on fresh fuel, so as to increase the smoke in -such a manner as to induce him to suppose that <em>all</em> he saw of -it proceeded merely from the fire before him. In fact, the -smoke from the cave below was so completely identified with -and lost in that which was emitted from the fire above, that -no human being could penetrate the mystery, if not made previously -acquainted with it. The writer of this saw it during -the hottest process of distillation, and failed to make the discovery, -although told that the still-house was within a circle -of three hundred yards, the point he stood on being considered -the centre. On more than one occasion has he absconded -from home, and spent a whole night in the place, seized with -that indescribable fascination which such a scene holds forth -to youngsters, as well as from his irrepressible anxiety to hear -the old stories and legends with the recital of which they generally -pass the night.</p> - -<p>In this way, well provided against the gauger—indeed much -better than our readers are yet aware of, as they shall understand -by and bye—did George, Mickey, and their friends, proceed -for the greater part of a winter without a single visit -from Pentland. Several successful runnings had come off, -which had of course turned out highly profitable, and they -were just now preparing to commence their last, not only for -the season, but the last they should ever work together, as -George was making preparations to go early in the spring to -America. Even this running was going on to their satisfaction, -and the singlings had been thrown again into the still, -from the worm of which projected the strong medicinal <em>first-shot</em> -as the doubling commenced—this last term meaning the -spirit in its pure and finished state. On this occasion the -two worthies were more than ordinarily anxious, and certainly -doubled their usual precautions against a surprise, for -they knew that Pentland’s visits resembled the pounces of a -hawk or the springs of a tiger more than any thing else to -which they could compare them. In this they were not disappointed. -When the doubling was about half finished, he made -his appearance, attended by a strong party of reluctant soldiers—for -indeed it is due to the military to state that they -never took delight in harassing the country people at the -command of a keg-hunter, as they generally nicknamed the -gauger. It had been arranged that the vidette at the iron plate -should whistle a particular tune the moment that the gauger -or a red-coat, or in fact any person whom he did not know, -should appear. Accordingly, about eight o’clock in the morning -they heard the little fellow in his highest key whistling up -that well-known and very significant old Irish air called “Go -to the devil an’ shake yourself”—which in this case was applied -to the gauger in any thing but an allegorical sense.</p> - -<p>“Be the pins,” which was George’s usual oath, “be the -pins, Mickey, it’s over with us—Pentland’s here, for there’s -the sign.”</p> - -<p>Mickey paused for a moment and listened very gravely; -then squirting out a tobacco spittle, “Take it aisy,” said -he; “I have half a dozen fires about the hills, any one as like -this as your right hand is to your left. I didn’t spare trouble, -for I knew that if we’d get over this day, we’d be out of -his power.”</p> - -<p>“Well, my good lad,” said Pentland, addressing the vidette, -“what’s this fire for?”</p> - -<p>“What is it for, is it?”</p> - -<p>“Yes; if you don’t let me know instantly, I’ll blow your -brains out, and get you hanged and transported afterwards.” -This he said with a thundering voice, cocking a large horse -pistol at the same time.</p> - -<p>“Why, sir,” said the boy, “it’s watchin’ a still I am; but -be the hole o’ my coat if you tell upon me, it’s broilin’ upon -these coals I’ll be soon.”</p> - -<p>“Where is the still then? An’ the still-house, where is it?”</p> - -<p>“Oh, begorra, as to where the still or still-house is, they -wouldn’t tell <em>me</em> that.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span></p> - -<p>“Why, sirra, didn’t you say this moment you were watching -a still?”</p> - -<p>“I meant, sir,” replied the lad with a face that spoke of -pure idiocy, “that it was the gauger I was watchin’, an’ I -was to whistle upon my fingers to let the boy at that fire on -the hill there above know that he was comin’.”</p> - -<p>“Who told you to do so?”</p> - -<p>“Little George, sir, an’ Mickey M’Quade.”</p> - -<p>“Ay, ay, right enough there, my lad—two of the most notorious -schemers unhanged they are both. But now, like a -good boy, tell me the truth, an’ I’ll give you the price of a -pair of shoes. Do you know where the still or still-house is? -Because if you do, an’ won’t tell me, here are the soldiers at -hand to make a prisoner of you; an’ if they do, all the world -can’t prevent you from being hanged, drawn, and quartered.”</p> - -<p>“Oh, bad cess may seize the morsel o’ me knows that; but -if you’ll give me the money, sir, I’ll tell you who can bring -you to it, for he tould me yestherday mornin’ that he knew, -an’ offered to bring me there last night, if I’d steal him a bottle -that my mother keeps the holy water in at home, tal he’d -put whisky in it.”</p> - -<p>“Well, my lad, who is this boy?”</p> - -<p>“Do you know Harry Neil, or Mankind, sir?”</p> - -<p>“I do, my good boy.”</p> - -<p>“Well, it’s a son of his, sir; an’ look, sir; do you see the -smoke farthest up to the right, sir?”</p> - -<p>“To the right? Yes.”</p> - -<p>“Well, ’tis there, sir, that Darby Neil is watchin’; and he -<em>says</em> he knows.”</p> - -<p>“How long have you been watching here?”</p> - -<p>“This is only the third day, sir, for <em>me</em>; but the rest, them -boys above, has been here a good while.”</p> - -<p>“Have you seen nobody stirring about the hills since you -came?”</p> - -<p>“Only once, sir, yesterday, I seen two men having an empty -sack or two, runnin’ across the hill there above.”</p> - -<p>At this moment the military came up, for he had himself run -forward in advance of them, and he repeated the substance of -his conversation with our friend the vidette. Upon examining -the stolidity of his countenance, in which there certainly was -a woful deficiency of meaning, they agreed among themselves -that his appearance justified the truth of the story which he -told the gauger, and upon being still further interrogated, -they were confirmed that none but a stupid lout like himself -would entrust to his keeping any secret worth knowing. -They now separated themselves into as many detached parties -as there were fires burning on the hills about them, the -gauger himself resolving to make for that which Darby Neil -had in his keeping, for he could not help thinking that the -vidette’s story was too natural to be false. They were just in -the act of separating themselves to pursue their different -routes, when the lad said,</p> - -<p>“Look, sir! look, sir! bad scran be from me but there’s a still -any way. Sure I often seen a still; that’s jist like the one that -Philip Hogan the tinker mended in George Steen’s barn.”</p> - -<p>“Hollo, boys,” exclaimed Pentland, “stoop! stoop! they -are coming this way, and don’t see us: no, hang them, no! -they have discovered us now, and are off towards Mossfield. -By Jove this will be a bitter trick if they succeed; confound -them, they are bent for Ballagh, which is my own property; -and may I be hanged if we do not intercept them; but it is I -myself who will have to pay the fine.”</p> - -<p>The pursuit instantly commenced with a speed and vigour -equal to the ingenuity of this singular act of retaliation on -the gauger. Pentland himself being long-winded from much -practice in this way, and being further stimulated by the prospective -loss which he dreaded, made as beautiful a run of it -as any man of his years could do. It was all in vain, however. -He merely got far enough to see the still head and -worm heaved across the march ditch into his own property, -and to reflect after seeing it that he was certain to have the -double consolation of being made a standing joke of for life, -and of paying heavily for the jest out of his own pocket. In the -mean time, he was bound of course to seize the still, and report -the caption; and as he himself farmed the townland in question, -the fine was levied to the last shilling, upon the very -natural principle that if he had been sufficiently active and -vigilant, no man would have attempted to set up a still so convenient -to his own residence and property.</p> - -<p>This manœuvre of keeping in reserve an old or second set -of apparatus, for the purpose of acting the lapwing and misleading -the gauger, was afterwards often practised with success; -but the first discoverer of it was undoubtedly Mickey -M’Quade, although the honour of the discovery is attributed -to his friend George Steen. The matter, however, did not -actually end here, for in a few days afterwards some malicious -wag—in other words, George himself—had correct information -sent to Pentland touching the locality of the cavern and -the secret of its entrance. On this occasion the latter brought -a larger military party than usual along with him, but it was -only to make him feel that he stood in a position if possible -more ridiculous than the first. He found indeed the marks of -recent distillation in the place, but nothing else. Every vessel -and implement connected with the process had been removed, -with the exception of one bottle of whisky, to which -was attached by a bit of twine the following friendly note:—</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Mr Pentland, Sir</span>—Take this bottle home and drink -your own health. You can’t do less. It was distilled <em>under -your nose</em> the first day you came to look for us, and bottled -for you while you were speaking to the little boy that made -a hare of you. Being distilled then under your nose, let it be -drunk in the same place, and don’t forget while doing so to -drink the health of</p> - -<p class="right">G. S.”</p> - -</div> - -<p>The incident went abroad like wildfire, and was known -everywhere. Indeed for a long time it was the standing topic -of the parish; and so sharply was it felt by Pentland that -he could never keep his temper if asked, “Mr Pentland, when -did you see little George Steen?”—a question to which he -was never known to give a civil reply.</p> - -<h2 class="gap4">THE GLOBE OF THE EARTH.</h2> - -<p>We were surprised very much some time ago at considering -how much of the surface of the globe is covered by the waters -of the lakes and oceans, and took the opportunity then of adverting -to the importance of water in the general economy of -nature. When, however, we pass to the consideration of the -magnitude of the earth itself, the relative proportion of water -appears to be much less considerable.</p> - -<p>Although there are many places in the great Atlantic and -Pacific Oceans where the depth of water is very great, yet it -has been deduced from principles that are not liable to much -error, that the general or average depth does not exceed -three miles. It may appear very strange that we can assert -any thing positive about the depth of water in those seas, that -are to the lines used for sounding quite unfathomable; but it -is effected very simply. Every person has seen a wave advancing -along the level surface of a canal, and by observing -with a watch, it could easily be found to move more quickly -at some times than at others. The deeper any part of the -canal is, the more rapidly does the wave move along; and -partly by experiment, and partly by reasoning, the connection -between the depth of the water and velocity of the wave has -been discovered. Now, the tide which comes to Dublin every -twelve hours is produced by the influence of the sun and -moon on the vast body of water in the Southern Pacific Ocean; -and the great wave there formed turns round Cape Horn, -and passes up the Atlantic Ocean, to arrive at the coasts of -Europe and North America. The time occupied by this -great wave in passing from one end to the other of the Atlantic -can thus be known, and, precisely as in a canal, the depth -of water thus calculated.</p> - -<p>The circumference of the earth at its widest part is about -25,000, and its diameter 8000 miles. Hence the sheet of water -which constitutes the ocean forms but 3-4000ths of its thickness, -or nearly the same proportion as if we took an eighteen -inch globe, and having spilled water on its surface, allowed all -the excess of water to drain off. The remaining wetness -would represent pretty nearly the condition of the waters of the -ocean on the surface of the earth. By this means we can form, -though obscurely, to our minds, an idea of the great magnitude -of the earth itself. This magnitude renders also very -inconsiderable those inequalities on the surface of the earth -which constitute our highest ridges of mountains. A true -model of Mont Blanc, the highest of European mountains, if -constructed on the eighteen inch globe before referred to, would -be unfelt by a finger drawn along its surface, and it would -be only some of the highest peaks of the Andes and Himalayah -that could be distinctly felt. Where man also employs -his most gigantic energies and greatest efforts of skill to penetrate -below the surface, forming mines by which the supplies -of coal, of iron, of copper, and other minerals, have been -obtained from the earliest times, the cavities that he makes can -only be compared with the trace given by the point of a pin<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span> -that had lightly touched the globe, and which would require a -favourable incidence of light to see.</p> - -<p>The earth is therefore almost perfectly a smooth and solid -ball. It is, however, almost certain that it was not always -solid. It is, on the contrary, almost certain that at a period -far exceeding in remoteness any time of which mere human -indications can be found, the globe of the earth was one mass -of liquid matter, heated to a degree exceeding our most intense -fires, and wherein were melted all together the various -elements which have since arranged themselves into their present -forms. From having been thus liquid, the earth, which, -revolving on its axis, produces by the side it turns to the sun -the alternating day and night, has bulged out where the rotation -of the surface is most rapid, at the equator, and has become -flattened at the extremities of its axis, at the poles, just -as a thin hoop which we spin round becomes compressed. -The amount of this flattening is however very small. The -equatorial diameter of the earth being accurately 7925, and -the polar diameter being 7898, the compression is 27 miles.</p> - -<p>To account for the existence of this compression, the earth -must have been originally liquid, for otherwise the rotation -on its axis could not have generated this regular form. If it -had been solid when it began to revolve, it should either have -retained its original form, or it should have broken in pieces; -but certainly unless it had been liquid, it could not have arrived -at the exact degree of flattening which its velocity of -rotation should have produced in a liquid mass.</p> - -<p>The intensely heated and liquid earth, revolving in the cold -and empty spaces of the planetary system, gradually must -have lost its excess of heat. Cooling most rapidly at the -surface, it there solidified, and generated the first rocks. The -loss of heat still going on, the solidification proceeded to a -greater and greater depth, and should ultimately have reduced -the earth to the same temperature as the empty space among -the stars. The temperature of space has been calculated to be -almost the same as that in the winter at Melville Island, in northernmost -America, that is, 56 deg. below zero, or as far below -the freezing point of water as the temperature of the hottest -water that the hand can bear is above it. The earth is, however, -not allowed to cool to that degree. It receives from the -sun by radiation a quantity of heat which counteracts its tendency -to cool, and hence the mean temperature of the surface -of the earth has remained the same from the earliest historical -epochs. In fact, at the surface we can find no trace of that -original and internal great heat, the temperature of the surface -of the earth being regulated altogether by the effect of -the sun’s rays; but if we dig down to a moderate depth, about -45 feet, the influence of the sun becomes insensible. Within -that space also we can detect a very curious and important -arrangement of the heat. It is not that the whole surface becomes -warmed in summer and cold in winter, but the heat -which is received from the sun in one summer travels by conduction -beneath the surface, and is succeeded by the heat of -the next summer, an intervening and cooler layer corresponding -to the winter time, so that at a depth of 20 feet we may detect -the heat which had fallen upon the surface four or five -years before, this space of 45 feet being formed of numerous -layers like the coatings of an onion, one for each year, until -becoming less and less distinct, according as the depth increases, -they join together in forming the layer of invariable -temperature in which all the effect of the sun’s heat is lost.</p> - -<p>If we dig down still farther, the earth, though having lost -the heating power of the sun, becomes sensibly warmer. The -greater the depth to which we descend, the higher is the temperature -found to be. Thus, where deep sinkings have been -made for mines or wells, the air or water at the bottom is -found to be much higher in temperature than at the invariable -layer which gives the mean temperature of the place. -This observation was first made in the case of the deep mines -in Cornwall, and, although for some time ascribed to the presence -of the workmen and the burning lamps, has since been -verified by observations in all parts of Europe, and such agreement -found, that the law connecting the temperature with the -depth has been at least approximately determined.</p> - -<p>It is found, counting from the invariable layer, that the temperature -increases about one degree of Fahrenheit’s scale for -every fifty feet in depth. Thus, a well having been sunk at -Rudersdorff to a depth of 630 feet, the water at the bottom -was found to be 67 degrees, while the mean temperature was -50 degrees. In a coal mine at Newcastle, which reaches to a -depth of 1584 feet, the mean temperature of the surface being -48 degrees, the thermometer was found to stand at 73 degrees -in the lowest part of the mine, and hence the elevation of temperature -was 25 degrees. Observations elsewhere vary between -these limits; but the general result is, that the rise is -one degree for about every fifty feet, as above stated.</p> - -<p>When we consider the great magnitude of the earth, and -observe the rapidity with which the increase of temperature -occurs, it will strike every person that we in reality inhabit -a mere pellicle or skin, which has formed by cooling upon the -surface, whilst all the internal mass of our globe may still be in -the same state of igneous fusion and tumultuous action of elements, -from which its present mineral constitution on the surface -has resulted. For although it has cooled so far that at -the surface all traces of its central fires have disappeared, -yet at a mile and a half below the surface the temperature is -such as should boil water: at a depth of five miles, lead would -melt. Thirty miles below the surface, cast iron, and all those -rocks which are generally the product of volcanoes in action, -as trap and basalt, would fuse; and hence we may consider -those terrific phenomena which have so frequently desolated -some of the most beautiful districts of the earth, as being -minute apertures or cracks in the thin coating of our planet, -and giving vent from time to time to some small portions of -the internal fires which work beneath.</p> - -<p>Additional evidence of the existence of this central heat -may be derived from the peculiarity of springs. Those springs -which carry off and are supplied with water from the surface, -change their temperature with the season, being in winter -cold, but in summer warm. Others, deriving their waters from -a deeper layer of soil, as from the stratum of constant heat, -are always the same, and, possessing the mean temperature -of the place, feel warm in winter and cold in summer. Such -springs exist in every country, and are very useful in ascertaining -the mean temperature, for in place of watching -a thermometer for a year, and taking averages, it is only -necessary to select with proper caution such a deeply supplied -spring, and by observing the temperature of its waters, the -mean temperature of the place is found.</p> - -<p>A certain quantity of the water which is absorbed by the -ground after rain must penetrate to a great depth, must -descend, in fact, until at 1½ miles it is boiled and driven up -again to find some outlet as a spring. In rising up, however, -it is for the most part cooled; but having charged itself with -various saline and metallic bodies, under the most favourable -circumstances of high temperature and pressure, it issues as -a hot mineral spring or spa. On getting into the air, it generally -abandons a great part of what it had dissolved, and -forms in many cases enormous depositions of solid rock.</p> - -<p>A company in Paris have formed the idea of using the water -thus heated by the powers below, for the purposes of public -baths. The neighbourhood of Paris is peculiarly fitted for -what are termed Artesian wells, in which the water often rises -considerably above the surface of the ground. Under the -auspices of this company, a well has been sunk already to -the depth of 1600 feet, and water obtained at 77 degrees; but -to obtain natural hot water at a temperature of 100 degrees, -which would be required for bathing purposes, an additional -depth of probably as much more will be required. It is said -the projectors are not now sanguine of its pecuniary success.</p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">The Secret of Success in Life.</span>—In no department of -life do men rise to eminence who have not undergone a long -and diligent preparation; for whatever be the difference in the -mental power of individuals, it is the cultivation of the mind -alone that leads to distinction. John Hunter was as remarkable -for his industry as for his talents, of which his museum -alone forms a most extraordinary proof; and if we look around -and contemplate the history of those men whose talents and -acquirements we must esteem, we find that their superiority -of knowledge has been the result of great labour and diligence. -It is an ill-founded notion to say that merit in the -long-run is neglected. It is sometimes joined to circumstances -that may have a little influence in counteracting it, as an unfortunate -manner and temper; but generally it meets with its -due reward. The world are not fools—every person of merit -has the best chance of success; and who would be ambitious -of public approbation, if it had not the power of discriminating?—<cite>Physic -and Physicians.</cite></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Printed and Published every Saturday by <span class="smcap">Gunn</span> and <span class="smcap">Cameron</span>, at the Office -of the General Advertiser, No. 6, Church Lane, College Green, Dublin; -and sold by all Booksellers.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1, No. -16, October 17, 1840, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL *** - -***** This file should be named 54258-h.htm or 54258-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/2/5/54258/ - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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