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diff --git a/old/54240-0.txt b/old/54240-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 4a51b14..0000000 --- a/old/54240-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3236 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Proceedings of the California Academy of -Sciences, Series 3, Volume 4 (Zoology), by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 3, Volume 4 (Zoology) - -Author: Various - -Release Date: February 26, 2017 [EBook #54240] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, S.3, V. 4 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Karin Spence, Bryan Ness and -the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/American -Libraries.) - - - - - - - - - - PROCEEDINGS - - OF THE - - CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - THIRD SERIES - - ZOOLOGY - - VOL. IV - - 1905-1906 - - SAN FRANCISCO - - PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY - - 1906 - - - - - INDEX TO VOLUME IV, THIRD SERIES, ZOOLOGY. - - - New names in =heavy-faced type=; Synonyms in _italics_. - - _adamanteus atrox, Crotalus_, 18 - - Amphispiza belli, 66 - - _Anaides lugubris_, 5 - - Anniella: - The species of the Reptilian Genus Anniella with Especial - Reference to Anniella texana and to Variation in - Anniella nigra, 41-9 - nigra, 42, 43, 44, 48, 49 - pulchra, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48 - texana, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48 - - anthonyi, Bascanion, 3, 4, 27 - - Arizona: - On the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona, 66-7 - elegans, 66 - - _atrox, Crotalus_, 18, 24 - - attenuatus, Batrachoseps, 3, 6, 7, 16 - - auriculata, Uta, 3, 4, 26 - - _Autodax lugubris_, 4, 5 - =lugubris farallonensis=, 2, 3, 4, 5 - - - Bascanion, 25 - anthonyi, 3, 4, 27 - _laterale_, 26, 66 - laterale fuliginosum, 3, 4, 26 - - Batrachoseps attenuatus, 3, 6, 7, 16 - pacificus, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11 - - becki, Sceloporus, 2, 3, 4, 9 - - _beldingi, Verticaria_, 23 - - belli, Amphispiza, 66 - - biseriatus becki, Sceloporus, 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 - - - Callisaurus ventralis, 3, 25 - - catenifer, Pituophis, 3, 21 - - _catenifer deserticola, Pituophis_, 21 - - cerroense, Phrynosoma, 3, 4, 23 - - clarionensis, Uta, 3, 4, 27 - - clarki clarki, Sceloporus, 23 - - Cnemidophorus labialis, 3, 4, 24 - multiscutatus, 3, 4, 24 - rubidus, 3, 25, 26 - _tessellatus rubidus_, 26 - _tessellatus multiscutatus_, 24 - tigris undulatus, 66 - - Coluber, 66 - - _confluentus confluentus, Crotalus_, 18 - - copeii, Crotaphytus, 25 - - _Crotalus adamanteus atrox_, 18 - _atrox_, 18, 24 - _confluentus confluentus_, 18 - exsul, 3, 4, 24 - _lucifer_, 16, 18 - mitchellii, 3, 26 - oregonus, 3, 16, 18 - - _Crotaphytus copeii_, 25 - wislizenii, 25 - - _curla_, Hyla, 23 - - - Dermochelys: - On the Occurrence of the Leather-back Turtle, Dermochelys, - on the Coast of California, 51-6 - - Dipsosaurus dorsalis, 3, 24 - - dorsalis, Dipsosaurus, 3, 24 - - - elegans, Arizona, 66 - - =exsul,= Crotalus, 3, 4, 24 - - - Gerrhonotus, 18, 20 - _multicarinatus_, 14 - palmeri, 21 - scincicauda, 3, 10, 12, 14, 19, 20, 21 - scincicauda =ignavus= 2, 3, 19, 21 - _scincicaudus_, 14 - - _Hemidactylium pacificum_, 6 - - _hernandezi, Phrynosoma_, 23 - - Hyla _curla_, 23 - regilla, 3, 13, 23 - - hyperythra beldingi, Verticaria, 3, 23, 25 - - Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, 18 - On the Occurrence of the Spotted Night Snake, Hypsiglena - ochrorhynchus in Central California; and on the Shape of - the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona, 65-6 - - - =ignavus,= Gerrhonotus scincicauda, 2, 3, 19, 21 - - intermedius, Plethodon, 61 - - - labialis, Cnemidophorus, 3, 4, 24 - - laterale, Bascanion, 26, 66 - - laterale fuliginosum, Bascanion, 3, 4, 26 - - _lateralis fuliginosus, Zamenis_, 26 - - _lucifer, Crotalus_, 16, 18 - - _lugubris, Anaides_, 5 - - _lugubris_, Autodax, 4, 5 - - =lugubris farallonensis=, Autodax, 2, 3, 4, =5= - - - =martinensis=, Uta, 2, 3, 4, =18= - - mitchellii, Crotalus, 3, =26= - - _multicarinatus, Gerrhonotus_, 14 - - multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus, 3, 4, =24= - - _multiscutatus tessellatus, Cnemidophorus_, 24 - - - nigra, Anniella, 42, 43, 44, 48, =49= - - nigricauda, Uta, 3, =25= - - - occidentalis, Sceloporus, 9, 10, 12 - - ochrorhynchus, Hypsiglena, =65-6= - - oregonensis, Plethodon, 61, 62 - - oregonus, Crotalus, 3, =16=, =18= - - - pacificum, Hemidactylium, 6 - - pacificus, Batrachoseps, 3, 4, =6=, 7, =11= - - palmeri, Gerrhonotus, 21 - - Phrynosoma, cerroense, 3, 4, =23= - _hernandezi_, 23 - - Pituophis, 66 - catenifer, 3, =21= - _catenifer deserticola_, 21 - - _Pityophis sayi bellona_, 21 - - Plethodon, 7 - intermedius, 61 - oregonensis, 61, 62 - =vandykei=, =61= - Description of a New Species of Plethodon, =61-3= - - pulchra, Anniella, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, =48= - - - regilla, Hyla, 3, =13=, =23= - - Rhinechis, 66 - - riversiana, Xantusia, 3, 4, =15=, =16=, =17= - - rubidus, Cnemidophorus, 3, =25=, =26= - - rubidus, Cnemidophorus tessellatus, 26 - - - sayi bellona, Pityophis, 21 - - Sceloporus =becki=, 2, 3, 4, =9= - biseriatus becki, 3, 9, 10, =11=, =12=, =14= - _clarki clarki_, 23 - occidentalis, 9, 10, 12 - undulatus, 9 - zosteromus, 3, =23=, =25=, =26= - - scincicauda, Gerrhonotus, 3, =10=, =12=, =14=, 19, 20, 21 - - scincicauda =ignavus=, Gerrhonotus, 2, 3, =19=, 21 - - scincicaudus, Gerrhonotus, 14 - - stansburiana, Uta, 3, =13=, =14=, =16=, =17=, 21, =23=, =24= - - =stellata=, Uta, 2, 3, 4, =21= - - - tessellatus rubidus, Cnemidophorus, 26 - - tessellatus multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus, 24 - - texana, Anniella, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48 - - tigris undulatus, Cnemidophorus, 66 - - - undulatus, Cnemidophorus tigris, 66 - - undulatus, Sceloporus, 9 - - Uta, 18, 27 - auriculata, 3, 4, =26= - clarionensis, 3, 4, =27= - =martinensis=, 2, 3, 4, =18= - nigricauda, 3, =25= - stansburiana, 3, =13=, =14=, =16=, =17=, 21, =23=, =24= - =stellata=, 2, 3, 4, =21= - - - =vandykei=, Plethodon - Description of a New Species of the Genus Plethodon, =61-3= - - ventralis, Callisaurus, 3, =25= - - _Verticaria beldingi_, 23 - hyperythra beldingi, 3, =23=, =25= - - - wislizenii, Crotaphytus, 25 - - - Xantusia riversiana, 3, 4, =15=, =16=, =17= - - - _Zamenis lateralis fuliginosus_, 26 - - zosteromus, Sceloporus, 3, =23=, =25=, =26= - - - - - CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV. - - PLATES I-XI. - - - PAGE - - Title-page i - - Contents iii - - No. 1. The Reptiles and Amphibians of the Islands of the - Pacific Coast of North America from the Farallons to Cape - San Lucas and the Revilla Gigedos. By John Van Denburgh. - (Plates I-VIII) 1 - - (Published June 15, 1905) - - No. 2. The Species of the Reptilian Genus Anniella, with - Especial Reference to Anniella texana and to Variation - in Anniella nigra. By John Van Denburgh 41 - - (Published December 2, 1905) - - No. 3. On the Occurrence of the Leather-back Turtle, - Dermochelys, on the Coast of California. By John Van - Denburgh. - (Plates IX-XI) 51 - - (Published December 2, 1905) - - No. 4. Description of a New Species of the Genus Plethodon - (Plethodon vandykei) from Mount Rainier, Washington. By - John Van Denburgh 61 - - (Published March 14, 1906) - - No. 5. On the Occurrence of the Spotted Night Snake, - Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, in Central California; and - On the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus - Arizona. By John Van Denburgh 65 - - (Published March 14, 1906) - - Index 69 - - December 30, 1914. - - [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^D. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE I. - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY, S. F.] - - - - - PROCEEDINGS - - OF THE - - CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - THIRD SERIES - - ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 1 - - _Issued June 15, 1905_ - - =THE REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF THE ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF - NORTH AMERICA FROM THE FARALLONS TO CAPE SAN LUCAS AND THE REVILLA - GIGEDOS= - - BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_. - - - - - CONTENTS. - - - PLATES I-VIII. - - PAGE - - INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 2 - - TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION 3 - - FAUNAL RELATIONSHIPS 4 - - SOUTH FARALLON ISLAND 4 - - SAN MIGUEL ISLAND 6 - - SANTA ROSA ISLAND 11 - - SANTA CRUZ ISLAND 13 - - ANA CAPA ISLAND 14 - - SAN NICOLAS ISLAND 15 - - SANTA BARBARA ISLAND 15 - - SANTA CATALINA ISLAND 16 - - SAN CLEMENTE ISLAND 17 - - LOS CORONADOS 17 - - SAN MARTIN ISLAND 18 - - SAN BENITO ISLAND 21 - - CERROS ISLAND 22 - - NATIVIDAD ISLAND 24 - - MAGDALENA ISLAND 24 - - SANTA MARGARITA ISLAND 25 - - SOCORRO ISLAND 26 - - CLARION ISLAND 27 - -June 13, 1905 - - - INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. - - -The first contribution to the herpetology of the islands of the -Pacific Coast of North America of which I have knowledge was, -curiously enough, a description of the lizard of Socorro, an island -perhaps the least accessible of them all. This description was -published by Professor Cope in 1871. Six years later Dr. Streets -recorded a few notes on the fauna of Cerros, San Martin, and -Los Coronados. Since that time there have appeared at intervals -contributions from Yarrow, Belding, Cope, Garman, Townsend, Stejneger, -and Van Denburgh, resulting in the gradual accumulation of a -considerable fund of knowledge. The papers in which this information -is contained are so widely scattered through journals and the -publications of various societies and museums as to be but little -available. It has, therefore, been thought expedient to review the -whole subject while reporting upon the material which in the last few -years has been accumulating in the collection of the Academy. - -In this paper there are mentioned or described twenty-nine species and -subspecies, representing the fauna of eighteen islands. Of these four -are amphibians, nineteen are lizards, and six are snakes. - -The following forms are here described as new:-- - - _Autodax lugubris farallonensis_, South Farallon Island, - - _Uta martinensis_, San Martin Island, - - _Uta stellata_, San Benito Island, - - _Sceloporus becki_, San Miguel Island, - - _Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus_, San Martin Island. - -The island distribution of the various species and subspecies is -indicated in the following table: - - DISTRIBUTION OF ISLAND REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS. - - Table Key: - - A: Farallon - B: San Miguel - C: Santa Rosa - D: Santa Cruz - E: Ana Capa - F: San Nicolas - G: Santa Barbara - H: Santa Catalina - I: San Clemente - J: Los Coronados - K: San Martin - L: San Benito - M: Cerros - N: Natividad - O: Magdalena - P: Santa Margarita - Q: Socorro - R: Clarion - S: Mainland - - ===============================+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= - Name |A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S - -------------------------------+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- - Autodax lugubris farallonensis |x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Batrachoseps attenuatus | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | | | | |x - Batrachoseps pacificus | |x|x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |? - Hyla regilla | | | |x| | | | | | | | |x| | | | | |x - Dipsosaurus dorsalis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | |x - Callisaurus ventralis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | |x - Crotaphytus wislizenii | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | |x - Uta stansburiana | | | |x|x| | |x|x| | | |x|x| | | | |x - Uta martinensis | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | | - Uta stellata | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | - Uta nigricauda | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | |x - Uta auriculata | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | - Uta clarionensis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| - Sceloporus zosteromus | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| |x|x| | |x - Sceloporus becki | |x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sceloporus biseriatus becki | | |x|x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Phrynosoma cerroense | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | - Gerrhonotus scincicauda | |x|x|x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x - Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus| | | | | | | | | |?|x| | | | | | | |x - Xantusia riversiana | | | | | |x|x|x|x| | | | | | | | | | - Verticaria hyperythra beldingi | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| |x| | | |x - Cnemidophorus rubidus | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x|x| | |x - Cnemidophorus multiscutatus | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | - Cnemidophorus labialis | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | - Bascanion anthonyi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| - Bascanion laterale fuliginosum | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | - Pituophis catenifer | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | |x - Crotalus exsul | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | - Crotalus oregonus | | | | | | | |x| |x| | | | | | | | |x - Crotalus mitchellii | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | |x - -------------------------------+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- - -Little can be stated about the faunal relationships of the various -islands beyond the fact that all except, probably, the Farallons are -clearly Sonoran. Of the island reptiles, only fourteen are not known -to live on the mainland. These are - - Autodax lugubris farallonensis, - Batrachoseps pacificus, - Uta martinensis, - Uta stellata, - Uta auriculata, - Uta clarionensis, - Sceloporus becki, - Phrynosoma cerroense, - Xantusia riversiana, - Cnemidophorus multiscutatus, - Cnemidophorus labialis, - Bascanion anthonyi, - Bascanion laterale fuliginosum, - Crotalus exsul. - -Although the evidence is thus too meager to enable one to speak -positively, it would seem that the probable faunal relationship is -about as follows: - - TRANSITION ZONE. - - _Pacific Fauna:_ - - Farallon Islands. - - - UPPER AUSTRAL ZONE. - - _Californian Fauna:_ - - San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Ana Capa. - - _San Diegan Fauna:_ - - San Nicolas, Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina, San Clemente. - Los Coronados, San Martin. - Perhaps San Benito, Cerros, Natividad. - - LOWER AUSTRAL ZONE. - - Perhaps San Benito, Cerros, Natividad. - Magdalena, Santa Margarita. - Socorro, Clarion. - - - SOUTH FARALLON ISLAND. - -No reptiles have been found on the Farallon Islands and it is probable -that none occur there. The amphibians are represented on South -Farallon Island by a salamander which has been regarded as identical -with _Autodax lugubris_ Hallowell. Specimens from this island, -however, are much more profusely spotted or blotched with yellow than -is the mainland form of this species. In examining series of specimens -one finds a few individuals from the mainland as heavily spotted as -some of the Farallon specimens, but the average difference seems -constant and the extremes are very dissimilar. I therefore propose -that the Farallon Island form be called - - - 1. =Autodax lugubris farallonensis= subsp. nov. - - PLATE II. - - _Anaides lugubris_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. - 24, 1882, p. 158 [part]. - - _Autodax lugubris_ COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, - 1889, p. 185 [part]; KEELER, Zoe, v. 3, 1892, p. 154. - -_Diagnosis._--Similar to _Autodax lugubris_ Hallow, but yellow spots -more numerous and often larger. - -_Type._--Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 3731, South Farallon Island, Charles -Fuchs, February 8, 1899. - -_Description of Type._--Head elongate, depressed, with truncate, -protruding snout; nostril small, a little above and behind the corner -of snout, with groove running down to edge of lip, separated from -its fellow and from orbit by length of eye-slit; lip margin long and -undulating; maxillary and mandibular teeth large; palatine teeth -small, in series running back from each inner nostril and forming a -V-shaped figure; a large well-defined patch of parasphenoid teeth -divided by a slight median groove and posterior notch; tongue large, -long, ovate, with a small posterior notch, free except along the -median line; neck short, somewhat constricted, a well-developed -gular fold; body subfusiform, diminishing toward both extremities; -13 transverse costal grooves between limbs, extending from a short -distance from vertebral line entirely across belly; tail conical -with similar transverse grooves; limbs well-developed, posterior -longer than anterior, toes overlapping when adpressed; digits 4-5, -well-developed, nearly free, with slight terminal disc-like expansion; -third finger longest, first short, second and fourth nearly equal; -first toe short, second and fifth and third and fourth nearly equal; -skin everywhere smooth, but dotted with the mouths of small glands. - -Color above smoky seal-brown, lightest on the snout and limbs, dotted, -spotted and blotched with pale straw-yellow on top and sides of head, -neck, body, limbs and tail; largest blotches, on sides of neck, 2 by 4 -millimetres. Lower surfaces dirty yellowish white. - - Length to anus 72[1] 38 58 66 67 75 - Length of tail 64 33 50 52 56 71 - Snout to gular fold 20 11 17 18 19 20 - Nostril to orbit 4 2½ 3 4 3½ 4 - Fore limb 21 13 18 19 20 22 - Hind limb 24 15 20 20 22 24 - -[Footnote 1: Type.] - -Sixteen specimens were collected by Mr. Fuchs on South Farallon -Island, February 8, 1899, and four by Mr. L. M. Loomis, July 9, 1896. -They were found under piles of loose stone. - -The spots on the type specimen are larger and somewhat more numerous -than on any of the others. - - - SAN MIGUEL ISLAND. - -I know of no records of reptiles or amphibians from San Miguel Island. -Two species of lizards and a _Batrachoseps_ were secured on this -island by Mr. R. H. Beck while collecting for the California Academy -of Sciences. - - - =1. Batrachoseps pacificus= _Cope_. - - PLATE III. - - _Hemidactylium pacificum_ COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. - Phila. 1865, p. 195. - - _Batrachoseps pacificus_ COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. - Phila. 1869, pp. 97, 98; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. - no. 24, 1882, p. 153 [part?]; BOULENGER, Cat. Batrach. - Grad. 1882, p. 59; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, - 1889, p. 129 [part?]. - -_Batrachoseps pacificus_ was described by Professor Cope, in 1865, -from a specimen said to have been collected at Santa Barbara, -California. Two specimens from San Francisco were afterward referred -to this species. All of the specimens I have examined from both these -localities are of the common form known as _B. attenuatus_. I was, -therefore, inclined to doubt the existence of _B. pacificus_ as a -distinct species until I examined eight specimens collected by Dr. -Eisen on Santa Rosa Island in 1897. In March, 1903, Mr. R. H. Beck -secured on San Miguel a large series of a _Batrachoseps_ which seems -to differ in no respect from that found on Santa Rosa Island, but -which is very distinct from the species of the mainland. - -These island salamanders agree in all important points with the -original description of _B. pacificus_, but since the published -descriptions of this species are not very complete, I sent a specimen -from San Miguel Island to my friend Dr. Stejneger with a request that -he compare it directly with the type. This he has very kindly done, -and his conclusion is as follows: - -"I have carefully compared it with the type of _Batrachoseps -pacificus_ and find them to agree completely. I have no doubt they -represent the same species. As for the origin of our specimen I can -only say that our record book shows the following entry: '6733. -_Batrichoseps pacificus_ (Type) Santa Barbara Cal. Dr. Hayes. 1881 -Oct. 28. 1.' This entry is evidently made many years after the -numbering of the specimen which took place in 1866, probably at the -time tin-tags were substituted for the old labels most of which were -destroyed as in this case. The entry is in an unknown boyish hand -and is probably made from the destroyed label. The double error, -_i_ in _Batrachoseps_ and _e_ in Hays, shows that it was made by an -ignoramus. I can find no other record of specimens received from the -same source, but in the S. I. reports from 1864-67 I find noted that -a Dr. W. W. Hays sent birds and fishes to the museum from 'Southern -California'. The Santa Barbara locality is therefore not above -suspicion. The other two specimens credited in Cope's Man. Batr. p. -130 to _B. pacificus_, viz. No. 4006 San Francisco, Cal. R. D. Cutts, -have not been seen here since I took charge of the collection in 1889. -In the record book there is entered in the remark column 'Destroyed -(C)' (C) standing for Cope. The specific name _Batrachoseps pacificus_ -is in Cope's handwriting, while the locality San Francisco and the -name of the collector are in Prof. Baird's hand." - -In the light of all this it appears that the type of _Batrachoseps -pacificus_ may perhaps have been secured on some fishing trip from -Santa Barbara to Santa Rosa or San Miguel, and that the specimens from -San Francisco most probably were misidentified by Cope. - -_Batrachoseps pacificus_ is a larger species than _Batrachoseps -attenuatus_. Its general appearance, owing to the greater broadness -of head and body, is very suggestive of the various species of -_Plethodon_. This resemblance is carried further in one specimen by -the presence of five digits on one hind foot. Structurally, however, -the species is a true _Batrachoseps_; that is to say, the tongue is -adherent anteriorly, the digits are normally 4-4, the premaxillary is -single, and there is a large parietal fontanelle. - - _Diagnosis._--Costal grooves usually seventeen (rarely sixteen - or eighteen); head much broader than body; color yellowish brown - above, white or yellow below. - - _Description._--General form elongate, slender; body cylindric - or somewhat flattened; tail conical, a little longer than - head and body; head depressed, rather broad, nearly circular - in outline from above; snout rounded or truncate from above, - truncate and high in profile; eyes large and rather prominent, - separated anteriorly by about the length of the orbital slit; - nostrils small, near corners of snout, separated by a little - more than their distance from orbits; a very indistinct subnasal - groove, not extending to margin of lip; upper jaw overhanging - lower; line of lip nearly straight to below eye, then deflected - downward; palatine teeth in 2 nearly straight very oblique - series which nearly meet on the median line posteriorly and - anteriorly do not extend to the internal nares; parasphenoid - teeth separated by a narrow space posteriorly but confluent - anteriorly, extending nearly to the palatine series; internal - nares rather small, in front of the anterior ends of the - series of palatine teeth; tongue large, oval, not emarginate, - attached along the median line, free laterally and posteriorly; - neck not distinct from body, with several vertical and 2 or - 3 longitudinal grooves; gular fold well marked, continued - forward on side of neck to eye; 1 or 2 indistinct grooves - anterior to gular fold; costal grooves between limbs usually - 17, occasionally 16 or 18,[2] continued nearly to midline on - back and belly; limbs short, weak, each with 4 digits; digits - with rounded knob-like ends, inner digit short, rudimental, - others well-developed, second and fourth nearly equal, third - longest, web small or absent; tail more slender than body, with - well-marked lateral grooves; a more or less indistinct dorsal - longitudinal groove, most distinct on neck and pelvic region; - skin smooth with minute pits; adpressed limbs widely separated. - - [Footnote 2: In fifty specimens the costal grooves are 17 in - forty, 16 in six, and 18 in four.] - - The color above in alcoholic specimens is yellowish brown - (cinnamon to mummy brown) paler on the head and limbs and often - becoming fawn-color on the tail. The upper lip and all the lower - surfaces are white or dull yellow. Young specimens are much - darker than adults, and the lower surfaces often are minutely - dotted with brown. - - Length to anus 25 36 49 52 52 56 - Length of tail 20 31 64 56 63 59 - Width of head 3½ 5 7 6½ 7 8 - Snout to orbit 2 2 3 3 3 3 - Snout to gular fold 6 7½ 10 10 10 10½ - Snout to fore limb 7 10 13 13 14 14 - Between limbs 15 22 31 36 33 38 - Fore limb 5 7 9 9 8½ 9 - Hind limb 5½ 7½ 9½ 9½ 9½ 10 - - - =2. Sceloporus becki= sp. nov. - - PLATE IV. - -The _Sceloporus_ of the mainland at Santa Barbara is the ordinary _S. -occidentalis_; that is to say, it is the smaller form with a complete -series of scales between the large supraoculars and the median head -plates, with from thirty-five to forty-six dorsal scales between the -interparietal plate and the back of the thighs, with keeled scales -on the back of the thigh, and with two blue patches on the throat. -Five specimens from San Miguel Island resemble this species closely -in size, but are more nearly like _S. biseriatus_ in coloration, -and differ from both in the possession of certain characters most -unusual in a member of the _S. undulatus_ group. I take pleasure in -naming this island form in honor of Mr. R. H. Beck, who collected the -specimens. - - _Diagnosis._--Frontal and parietal plates separated from - enlarged supraoculars by a series of small scales or granules; - frontoparietal plate in contact with enlarged supraoculars; - scales on back of thigh smaller than those in front of anus; - 43-48 dorsals between interparietal and back of thighs; scales - on back of thigh keeled; whole throat and chin blue crossed by - diagonal black lines which unite posteriorly with a large black - patch extending across throat from shoulder to shoulder. - - _Type._--Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4537, San Miguel - Island, California, R. H. Beck, March 26, 1903. - - _Description._--Head and body little depressed; nostril opening - much nearer to end of snout than to orbit; upper head shields - smooth, moderately large and slightly convex, interparietal - largest; frontal divided transversely; parietal and frontal - plates separated from enlarged supraoculars by a series of small - plates or granules; frontoparietal in contact with enlarged - supraoculars; superciliaries long and strongly imbricate; middle - subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral plate - of moderate height but great width; labials long, low and nearly - rectangular; symphyseal large and pentangular; some series of - enlarged sublabials; gulars smooth, imbricate, often emarginate - posteriorly; ear-opening large, slightly oblique, with anterior - denticulation of smooth acuminate scales; scales on back - equal-sized, keeled, mucronate with slight denticulation, and - arranged in nearly parallel longitudinal rows; lateral scales - smaller and directed obliquely upward; upper and anterior - surfaces of limbs with strongly keeled and mucronate scales; - posterior surface of thigh with small, acuminate, keeled scales; - ventral scales much smaller than dorsals, smooth, imbricate, and - usually bicuspid; tail furnished with slightly irregular whorls - of strongly keeled and pointed scales which are much larger and - rougher above than below, where they are smooth proximally; - femoral pores 14-16; 9-12 dorsal scales equaling length of - shielded part of head; number of scales in a row between - interparietal plate and a line connecting posterior surfaces of - thighs varying from 43-48; males with enlarged postanal plates. - - The color above is grayish, brownish, or greenish blue, with a - series of dark brown blotches on each side of the back. A pale - longitudinal band separates the dorsal from the lateral regions. - The sides are brownish or grayish, mottled with darker brown - and dotted or suffused with green or pale blue. The head is - usually crossed by narrow brown lines, more or less irregular in - distribution. A brown line connects the orbit and upper corner - of the ear, and is continued backward on the neck. There is a - large blue patch on each side of the belly, bordered internally - with black in highly colored males. The chin and throat are - blue, pale anteriorly and changing to black posteriorly, crossed - by narrow oblique black lines which converge posteriorly and - blend with the black patches on the throat and in front of the - shoulders in males. There is a white patch at each side of the - anus, and a yellowish white band along the series of femoral - pores. - - Length to anus 64 66 70 70[3] - Length of tail 76 68 78 79 - Snout to ear 14 13 14 16 - Width of head 14 12 14 15 - Shielded part of head 14 13 14 15 - Fore limb 27 26 27 30 - Hind limb 41 39 41 46 - Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 16 15 16 18 - -[Footnote 3: Type.] - -This species is in general appearance similar to _S. occidentalis_, -but differs in the contact of the frontoparietal and supraocular -shields, the coloration of the throat, and the somewhat more feeble -carination and mucronation of its dorsal and caudal scales. Specimens -from Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz islands, as stated below, seem to show -that this form has been developed from _S. biseriatus_ stock. - -Five specimens (Nos. 4534-4538) in the collection of the California -Academy of Sciences were secured by Mr. R. H. Beck on San Miguel -Island, March 26, 1903. - - - =3. Gerrhonotus scincicauda= _Skilton_. - -One specimen (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4539) was taken by Mr. Beck on San -Miguel Island, March 26, 1903. It has dorsals in 14½ × 49 rows, -temporals smooth, scales on arm and forearm smooth, and dark ventral -lines along the middles of the scale rows. It seems to differ from -the Santa Rosa Island specimens only in the slightly more feeble -carination of the scales generally, the small size of the azygous -prefrontal and of the scales on the under surface of the forearm, and -a tendency toward the formation of fourteen rows of ventral scales -shown by the presence of a few small scales along the edge of each -lateral fold in addition to the usual twelve longitudinal rows. There -are sixty-six ventrals in a row between the chin and the anus. - - - SANTA ROSA ISLAND. - -I have examined one species of _Batrachoseps_ and two kinds of lizards -from this island. The _Gerrhonotus_ has already been reported from the -island, the others are new to its known fauna. - - - =1. Batrachoseps pacificus= _Cope_. - -Dr. Gustav Eisen secured eight specimens of _Batrachoseps_ on Santa -Rosa Island in June, 1897. These are now in the collection of the -Academy (Nos. 3877-3880 and 3891-3894) and seem to differ in no -respect from the form found on San Miguel Island. All have seventeen -costal grooves. - -The measurements of these specimens are - - Length to anus 21 22 24 32 33 35 41 42 - Length of tail 14 16 21 23 23 .. 46 27 - Width of head 3 3 3¾ 5 4½ 5 5 6 - Snout to orbit 1½ 1¼ 1½ 2 2¼ 2 2¼ 2½ - Snout to gular fold 5 5 6 7¼ 7 8 8½ 9½ - Snout to fore limb 6 6 8 10 9 10 12 12 - Between limbs 13 14 15 21 19 23 26 26 - Fore limb 4½ 4 5 6¼ 6 6 7¼ 8 - Hind limb 4½ 4 5 6½ 6 6¼ 7½ 8 - - - =2. Sceloporus biseriatus becki= _Van Denburgh_. - -A series of eight _Scelopori_ collected on Santa Rosa Island by Dr. -Gustav Eisen in June, 1897, seems to show that the differentiation -from _S. biseriatus_ has not progressed so far on this island as on -San Miguel.[4] Thus although all the adult specimens from Santa Rosa -Island show the coloration of the San Miguel Island form, only two -have the typical arrangement of the supraoculars, while the other -six specimens have the frontoparietal separated from the enlarged -supraoculars. The less highly colored young males show a single -median blue throat patch, as in _S. biseriatus_, indicating that the -island lizard is more closely related to that species than to _S. -occidentalis_. - -[Footnote 4: Dr. Merriam tells me that a parallel is found in the -island foxes, whose characters are constant on San Miguel but not on -the other islands.] - -The fact that the characters of this form seem to be constant on -San Miguel while varying toward _S. biseriatus_ on Santa Rosa and -Santa Cruz islands raises an interesting question in nomenclature: -Should the San Miguel Island form be regarded as a species or as a -subspecies? If these lizards inhabited a peninsula one would use a -trinomial for them all, but since they are found on well separated -islands the facts seem to be best expressed by the nomenclature -adopted above. - - - 3. =Gerrhonotus scincicauda= _Skilton_. - - PLATE VII, FIGS. 3-4. - - _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, - Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 106. - -I am unable to distinguish six specimens (Cal. Acad. Sci. Nos. -3881-3883 and 3896-3898) collected on Santa Rosa Island from the -species now known as _G. scincicauda_; that is to say, the form with -fourteen longitudinal rows of scales, single interoccipital plate, -large azygous prefrontal, longitudinal lines along the middle of each -row of ventral scales, and smooth temporals. This clearly is the form -to which Baird and Girard applied the name _G. scincicauda_, but that -it is the species originally described by Skilton seems far from -certain.[5] - -[Footnote 5: Skilton's description, which seems to apply rather to the -species afterward named by Baird and Girard _Gerrhonotus principis_, -is as follows: - -"=Tropidolepis scincicauda=, n. s. Slender, tail much longer than -body, cylindrical. Dermal plates of the body and tail, carinate above, -smooth beneath, verticillate. The carinate plates in nine rows. Color, -dusky green above, light ash color below. A row of small dark spots on -each flank. Another row of smaller ones along the vertebral line. Some -of the dark colored scales on the flanks tipped with a whitish color. -Length five to five and a half inches." - -The plate accompanying Skilton's article is so poor as to throw no -light on this question, and it seems best to make no change in the -nomenclature until some one has examined Skilton's specimens, one of -which, according to Yarrow's Catalogue, is No. 3089 of the National -Museum collection.] - -The specimens from Santa Rosa Island all have dorsals in fourteen -longitudinal series. The number of transverse series between the -interoccipital plate and the backs of the thighs is fifty in one -specimen, fifty-one in three, fifty-two in one, and fifty-three -in one. One has the brachial scales very weakly keeled. They were -collected by Dr. Gustav Eisen in June, 1897. - - - SANTA CRUZ ISLAND. - -A _Hyla_ and two species of lizards have heretofore been recorded -as inhabiting Santa Cruz Island. Another lizard is here reported for the -first time. - - - =1. Hyla regilla= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Hyla regilla_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, - 1882, p. 171; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, - p. 360. - -Yarrow and Cope record this species as having been collected on -Santa Cruz Island by Mr. H. W. Henshaw in June, 1875, but another -portion of the same lot of specimens (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8686) is -stated to be from Santa Cruz, California. Mr. Henshaw tells me he -never has collected in Santa Cruz County, and that these specimens -unquestionably came from Santa Cruz Island where he collected in the -summer of 1875. - - - =2. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Uta stansburiana_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. - 24, 1882, p. 56; TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, - 1890, p. 144; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. - Sci. 5, 1897, p. 68; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 - (1900), p. 310. - -The register of the United States National Museum states that two -specimens of this lizard (No. 8619) were collected by Dr. O. Loew, -on Santa Cruz Island in June, 1875. These lizards are still in the -National collection and are of considerable interest since they, and -two from Ana Capa Island, are the only ones I have seen which approach -the San Benito Island _Uta_ (described below) in the character of -their dorsal lepidosis. That these specimens actually were collected -by Dr. Loew on Santa Cruz Island is, I think, open to little doubt, -since he, with Mr. H. W. Henshaw and Dr. J. T. Rothrock, visited this -island in June, 1875.[6] - -[Footnote 6: See Report, Chief of Engineers, U. S. A. 1876, pt. 3, -pp. 435, 445, etc.] - -A series of eight specimens collected on Santa Cruz Island, February -7, 1889, by Mr. C. H. Townsend of the U. S. Fish Commission, (U. S. -Nat. Mus. Nos. 15909-15917) are all of the ordinary _Uta stansburiana_ -type with imbricate dorsals and mucronate caudals. Four others, taken -by Mr. Joseph Grinnell at Friar's Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, are also -of the usual type. These have femoral pores 13-14, 15-15, 12-13, and -15-15. - - - =3. Sceloporus biseriatus becki= _Van Denburgh_. - -Mr. Joseph Grinnell has kindly sent me five specimens of the -_Sceloporus_ of Santa Cruz Island, three of which he has given to the -Academy. All five show the characteristic coloration of _S. becki_. -Three have the supraoculars in contact with the frontoparietals on -both sides of the head, one has these scales in contact on one side -but separated on the other, and the fifth specimen has granules -intervening on both sides. - - - =4. Gerrhonotus scincicauda= _Skilton_. - - _Gerrhonotus scincicaudus_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. - Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 48; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, - Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 106. - - _Gerrhonotus multicarinatus_ COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. - Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 525. - -Yarrow and Cope record two specimens (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8626) -collected on Santa Cruz Island by Mr. H. W. Henshaw in June, 1875. One -of these is still in the National Museum, where I examined it some -years ago. - - - ANA CAPA ISLAND. - -I believe no reptiles have been recorded from Ana Capa. Only the -following species has come into my hands. - - - =1. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. - -Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me seven specimens collected on Ana -Capa Island, September 4, 1903. Five of these are typical _U. -stansburiana_, but the other two have dorsals similar to those of the -two specimens collected by Dr. Loew on Santa Cruz Island; that is to -say, they approach in this respect the _Uta_ of San Benito Island. The -dorsal scales, however, are well keeled and the caudals are of the -normal type. The femoral pores in the Ana Capa specimens are 14-14, -14-15, 14-?, 14-15, 14-14, 14-15, and 14-15. - - - SAN NICOLAS ISLAND. - -San Nicolas Island is the type locality of _Xantusia riversiana_. No -other reptile has been found there. - - - =1. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. - - PLATE V, FIG. 2. - - _Xantusia riversiana_ COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. - Phila. 1883, p. 29; RIVERS, Am. Nat. v. 23, 1889, p. - 1100; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, - 1895, p. 534; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. - Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1898 (1900), p. 552. - -In describing this species Cope failed to state where his specimens -were collected. Rivers later assigned them to San Nicolas Island, but -the matter has remained open to question. I am, therefore, very glad -to be able to record the fact that Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me -three specimens of this _Xantusia_ taken by himself on San Nicolas -Island, May 22-23, 1897. One of these specimens is uniform drab, with -a few dark spots. The others are of the handsome striped style of -coloration (see plate). - - - SANTA BARBARA ISLAND. - -I believe no reptiles or amphibians have been recorded from this -island. I have seen only the following species: - - - =1. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. - -Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me four Xantusias from Santa Barbara -Island. They are smaller than the specimens I have seen from the other -islands, but seem to differ in no other respect. The largest is 64 -mm. from snout to vent. All are dark drab above with small, discrete -black spots. One shows traces of longitudinal dorsal bands near the -tail. - - - SANTA CATALINA ISLAND. - -One salamander, two lizards, and a rattlesnake have been taken on -Santa Catalina. - - - =1. Batrachoseps attenuatus= (_Eschscholtz_). - -A single specimen collected at Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, by Mr. -A. M. Drake (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 3726) seems indistinguishable from -the mainland species. It has nineteen costal grooves, slender limbs, -and narrow head. The coloration is uniform slaty brown above, paler -below. Three specimens secured on this island by Mr. Fuchs differ from -this one only in the slightly paler coloration. - - - =2. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Uta stansburiana_ COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 - (1900), p. 311. - -This lizard has been recorded from Santa Catalina by Professor Cope. -Two specimens collected at Avalon by Mr. J. I. Carlson are in the -collection of the Academy (Nos. 4754 and 4755). They seem to be fairly -typical _U. stansburiana_ with moderately imbricate dorsals. The -femoral pores are thirteen or fourteen. - - - =3. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. - - _Xantusia riversiana_ RIVERS, Am. Nat. v. 23, 1889, p. - 1100; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, - 1895, p. 534; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. - Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132. - -I have seen no specimens of this lizard from Santa Catalina, but Mr. -J. J. Rivers states that he has received several from this island. - - - =4. Crotalus oregonus= _Holbrook_. - - _Crotalus lucifer_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. - 24, 1882, p. 76; STEJNEGER, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1893 (1895), p. 447. - -Yarrow records a rattlesnake as having been taken by Mr. P. Schumacher -on Santa Catalina Island in 1876. Stejneger also refers to its -presence there. I have seen no snakes from any of the Californian -islands. - - - SAN CLEMENTE ISLAND. - -Two species of lizards are known from this island. - - - =1. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Uta stansburiana_ TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. - 13, 1890, p. 144; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. - Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 68; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. - Mus. 1898 (1900), pp. 310, 311. - -Two specimens were taken on San Clemente Island by C. H. Townsend in -1889. Mr. A. W. Anthony and Dr. E. A. Mearns also found the species -there and sent specimens to the National Museum. - -I have examined those collected by Mr. Townsend and Mr. Anthony and -six specimens sent me by Mr. Joseph Grinnell, of which three are now -in the collection of the Academy, and am unable to distinguish the -island lizards from the form originally described by Baird and Girard. -The femoral pores in three specimens are eleven, twelve, and fourteen. - - - =2. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. - - PLATE V, FIG. 1. - - _Xantusia riversiana_ COPE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. - v. 12, 1889, p. 147; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 534; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. - Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132; COPE, Report, - U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), pp. 552, 553. - -This lizard was found on San Clemente by Mr. C. H. Townsend. I have -examined several specimens in the collections of the University of -California and the California Academy of Sciences without finding -differences between them and specimens from San Nicolas and Santa -Barbara Islands. - - - LOS CORONADOS. - -I believe that only one reptile from Los Coronados is represented in -collections, but I am informed that several other kinds, including -_Gerrhonotus_ and _Hypsiglena_, occur on these islands[7]. - -[Footnote 7: Since this was written I have been informed by Dr. F. -Baker, of San Diego, that he has taken the following reptiles on these -islands:-- - - North Coronado: - _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ [_ignavus?_], July 3, 1898, - _Eumeces skiltonianus_, July 3, 1898. - South Coronado: - _Uta stansburiana_, July 3, 1898, - _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ [_ignavus?_], July 3, 1898, - _Cnemidophorus stejnegeri_, July 3, 1898, - _Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus_, August 13, 1898, - _Crotalus_ [_oregonus_], August 13, 1898. -] - - - =1. Crotalus oregonus= _Holbrook_. - - _Crotalus adamanteus atrox_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. - Mus. no. 7, 1877, p. 40; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. - no. 24, 1882, p. 75 [part]. - - _Crotalus atrox_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d - ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 156 [part]. - - _Crotalus lucifer_ STEJNEGER, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1893 (1895), pp. 445, 447. - - _Crotalus confluentus confluentus_ COPE, Report, U. S. - Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 1173 [part]. - -Streets recorded as _Crotalus adamanteus atrox_ a rattlesnake which he -secured on Los Coronados. Dr. Stejneger has shown that this specimen, -which is still in the National Museum, is a Pacific Rattlesnake. - - - SAN MARTIN ISLAND. - -The only reptile heretofore known from San Martin is a gopher snake -found by Dr. Streets. The Academy has also specimens of two species -of lizards from the island, both of which are here described as new. -The _Uta_ probably is confined to the island, while the _Gerrhonotus_ -seems to be found throughout the San Diegan Fauna. - - - =1. Uta martinensis= sp. nov. - - PLATE VI. - - _Diagnosis._--Similar to _U. stansburiana_ but larger; fifth - toe reaching to or beyond end of second; dorsals imbricate, - mucronate, strongly keeled; scales on upper surfaces of arm - and thigh keeled; scales of ear-denticulation longer than the - longest diameter of largest temporal; caudals large, imbricate, - strongly keeled and mucronate. - - _Type._--Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4698, San Martin - Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. - - _Description of the Type._--Body and head considerably - depressed; snout low, rounded; nostrils large, opening upward - and outward nearer to end of snout than to orbit; head plates - large, smooth, nearly flat, interparietal largest; frontal - divided transversely; 3 or 4 enlarged supraoculars, separated - from the frontals and frontoparietals by 1 series of small - plates; superciliaries long, narrow and projecting; central - subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral and - supralabials long and low; 6 supralabials; symphyseal small, - followed on each side by a series of 5 or more large plates - which are separated from the infralabials by 1 or 2 series of - sublabials; gular region covered with smooth, hexagonal or - rounded scales changing to granules on the sides of the neck and - to larger imbricate scales on the strong gular fold, largest - on the denticulate edge of gular fold where larger than scales - on belly; a group of enlarged plates in front of ear-opening; - ear denticulation very long, of 3 scales, largest exceeding - in length longest diameter of largest plate in front of ear; - back covered centrally with nearly uniform imbricate, keeled - scales which change gradually to granules on neck and sides of - body, and become mucronate posteriorly; scales largest on tail, - strongly imbricate, strongly keeled and mucronate above and - on sides; posterior surfaces of thighs and arms covered with - small granular scales similar to those on sides of body; other - surfaces of limbs provided with imbricate scales, keeled on - upper surfaces of arm, forearm, thigh, leg, and foot; adpressed - fore limb not reaching insertion of thigh; fifth finger reaching - about to end of second; fifth toe reaching to or beyond end of - second; femoral pores 15; 17-23 of largest dorsals equaling - shielded part of head. - - Head above grayish olive; central portion of neck and back dark - brown, with 2 series of rather indefinite darker brown blotches - each bordered behind and sometimes laterally by pale blue - scales; some scattered pale blue dots on back and upper surfaces - of limbs and tail; tail marbled with brown and blue; sides - mottled with brown and pale bluish yellow, forming stripes on - sides of neck; chin and gular region indigo, mottled with bluish - yellow at sides; postaxillary blotch blackish indigo; lower - surfaces of body, limbs and tail grayish indigo. - - Length to anus 62 - Length of tail 92 - Snout to ear 15 - Shielded part of head 14 - Width of head 13 - Fore limb 26 - Hind limb 46 - Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 18 - Fifth toe 10 - -Only one specimen of this _Uta_ was secured. - - - =2. Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus= subsp. nov. - - PLATE VII, FIGS. 1-2. - - _Diagnosis._--Similar to _G. scincicauda_ but with scales - generally more strongly carinate; temporal scales keeled; dorsal - and caudal scales strongly keeled; scales of arm and forearm - keeled; lower lateral caudals keeled; dorsals in 14 (sometimes - 12-2/2) longitudinal rows; dark lines along the middles of - ventral rows; azygous prefrontal large; interoccipital single; - back usually with complete dark cross-bands. - - _Type._--Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4699, San Martin Island, Lower - California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. - - _Description._--Body long and rather slender, with short limbs - and very long tail; head pointed with flat top and nearly - vertical sides, its temporal regions often greatly swollen in - old specimens; rostral plate rounded in upper outline; on top - of head behind rostral a pair of small internasals, a pair of - small frontonasals, a very large azygous prefrontal, a pair of - large prefrontals, a long frontal, a pair of frontoparietals, 2 - parietals separated by an interparietal, a pair of occipitals, - and an interoccipital; 2 series (of 5 and 3) supraoculars and a - series of small superciliaries; temporal scales keeled, lower - sometimes only weakly; upper labials much larger than lower; - 2 series of large sublabial plates below infralabials, lower - larger; gular scales smooth and imbricate; scales on arm and - forearm keeled; scales on upper surfaces and sides of neck, - body and tail large, rhomboidal, slightly oblique, strongly - keeled, strengthened with bony plates, and arranged in both - transverse and longitudinal series; number of longitudinal - dorsal series 12-2/2-14; number of transverse series between - interoccipital plate and backs of thighs 42-43; a band of - granules along each side from large ear-opening to anus, usually - hidden by a strong fold; ventral plates about size of dorsals, - smooth, imbricate and arranged in 12 longitudinal series; number - of scales between symphyseal plate and anus 60-63. - - The ground color above is olive-brown, more grayish on the - sides, crossed by from 9-11 dark bands. These dark bands may be - brown or brownish black, continuous or broken, and are darker - laterally, where their scales are tipped with white. Tail - proximally marked like back, distally unicolor. Head and limbs - unicolor or with traces of olive-brown mottlings. Lower surfaces - suffused with gray, edges of scales lighter, darker gray or - slate-colored lines along the middle of each longitudinal scale - row. - - Length to anus 103 110 117[8] - Length of tail 167 128[2] 125[9] - Snout to ear 21 25 26 - Width of head 14 19 20 - Head to interoccipital 17 20 21 - Fore limb 27 30 33 - Hind limb 34 38 41 - Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 11 12 13 - -[Footnote 8: Type.] - -[Footnote 9: Reproduced.] - -The three specimens of _Gerrhonotus_ from San Martin Island are -very similar to the species now known as _G. scincicauda_, but are -much rougher than specimens from central and northern California. -Reëxamination of the Californian material at hand shows that the San -Martin Island form is found throughout the San Diegan Fauna and the -western slope of the southern Sierra Nevada below the range of _G. -palmeri_. It may be distinguished from its more northern relative by -the following synopsis of characters:-- - - a.--Temporals smooth; scales on arm smooth; scales on forearm - smooth or weakly keeled; lateral caudals five scales behind anus - smooth 6-9 rows from inferior mid-caudal line. - =G. scincicauda.= - - a.^{2}--Temporals keeled; scales on arm keeled; scales on - forearm keeled; lateral caudals 5 scales behind anus smooth only - 4-5 rows from inferior mid-caudal line. - =G. s. ignavus.= - - - =3. Pituophis catenifer= (_Blainville_). - - _Pituophis sayi bellona_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. - no. 7, 1877, p. 40; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. - 24, 1882, p. 106; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 - (1900), p. 876. - - _Pituophis catenifer deserticola_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. - Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, P. 149. - -A young gopher snake taken on San Martin Island by Dr. Streets is -still in the National Museum. The Academy has an adult specimen (No. -4702) collected there by Mr. Beck, May 3, 1903. - - - SAN BENITO ISLAND. - -I know of no records of reptiles from San Benito. The Academy has -received specimens of but one kind of lizard, which is here described -as new. - - - =1. Uta stellata= sp. nov. - - PLATE VIII. - - _Diagnosis._--Similar to _U. stansburiana_, but with dorsal - scales not imbricate, not mucronate, often separated by minute - granules, a few of the dorsal rows weakly keeled; caudals weakly - keeled and very shortly mucronate, not imbricate; fifth toe not - reaching end of second. - - _Type._--Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4704, San Benito - Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 6, 1903. - - _Description._--Body and head considerably depressed; snout - low, rounded and rather long; nostrils large, opening upward - and outward nearer to end of snout than to orbit; head plates - large, smooth, nearly flat, interparietal largest; frontal - divided transversely; 4 or 5 enlarged supraoculars, separated - from the frontals by 1 and from the frontoparietals by 2 series - of granules; superciliaries long, narrow and projecting; central - subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral and - supralabials long and low; 6 or 7 supralabials; symphyseal - moderately small, followed by 2 or 3 pairs of larger plates - separated from the infralabials by 1 or 2 series of moderately - enlarged sublabials; gular region covered with small, smooth, - hexagonal or rounded scales which change gradually to granules - on sides of neck and to larger imbricate scales on the strong - gular fold, largest on denticulate edge of gular fold where - somewhat larger than ventrals; several enlarged plates in - front of ear-opening; ear denticulation short, of 3 scales, - the largest not exceeding in length diameter of largest plate - in front of ear; back covered with tubercular scales of nearly - uniform size becoming granular toward neck and sides of body, - scales of central rows very weakly keeled, not imbricate, not - mucronate, often separated by minute granules; scales largest on - tail, very weakly keeled, shortly mucronate above and on sides, - not imbricate; posterior surfaces of thighs and arms covered - with small granular scales similar to those on sides of body; - other surfaces of limbs provided with imbricate scales, smooth - on arm and nearly smooth on forearm and thigh, keeled on upper - surface of leg; femoral pores 15 and 16; 26-30 largest dorsals - equal shielded part of head; fifth finger not reaching end of - second; fifth toe not reaching end of second; adpressed fore - limb not reaching insertion of thigh. - - Head above uniform olive-brown; central portion of the neck, - back and base of tail with a uniform brown ground with thickly - scattered dots of pale blue on single scales; sides yellowish - brown with scattered scales of pale yellow; upper surfaces of - limbs and tail light brown dotted with pale blue; chin and - gular region deep indigo with yellowish marks laterally and on - labials; lower surfaces of body and limbs grayish indigo; large - postaxillary blotch of blackish indigo. - - _Female._--Similar in all respects except femoral pores 13 and - 15; light dots on back, limbs and tail indistinct; 2 rows of - dark brown dorsal blotches becoming 1 row on tail; an indistinct - series of brown lateral blotches; limbs with faint brown - cross-bars. - - Sex ♀ ♂ (type) - Length to anus 49 61 - Length of tail 59 76 - Snout to ear 11 14 - Shielded part of head 11 13 - Width of head 10 12 - Fore limb 22 26 - Hind limb 37 43 - Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 15 18 - -Two specimens of this lizard were secured. - - - CERROS ISLAND. - -One amphibian and seven reptiles have been recorded from Cerros or -Cedros Island. I have no specimens from this island. - - =1. Hyla regilla= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Hyla regilla_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 7, - 1877, p. 35; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, - 1882, p. 171; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, - p. 360; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. - 5, 1895, p. 556. - - _Hyla curla_ BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, - 1887, p. 99. - -Found by Dr. Streets near a spring of fresh water on the southeastern -side of the island. It was also taken by Mr. Belding. - - - =2. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Uta stansburiana_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. - 7, 1877, p. 37; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, - 1882, p. 57; BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, - 1887, p. 98; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d - ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 105; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1898 (1900), p. 310. - -This _Uta_ was collected by Dr. Streets and Mr. Belding. - - - =3. Sceloporus zosteromus= _Cope_. - - _Sceloporus clarki clarki_ BELDING, West Am. Scientist, - v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 99. - - _Sceloporus zosteromus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. - Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 498; MOCQUARD, Nouv. Arch. Mus. - sér. 4, v. 1, 1899, p. 314. - -This lizard has been taken only by Mr. Belding. - - - =4. Phrynosoma cerroense= _Stejneger_. - - _Phrynosoma hernandezi_ BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. - 3, 1887, p. 99. - - _Phrynosoma cerroense_ STEJNEGER, N. Am. Fauna, no. 7, - 1893, p. 187; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d - ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 119; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1898 (1900), p. 428, fig. 75. - -This form is known from a single specimen collected by Mr. Belding. - - - =5. Verticaria hyperythra beldingi= (_Stejneger_). - - _Verticaria beldingi_ STEJNEGER Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1894, p. 17. - - _Verticaria hyperythra beldingi_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. - Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 131. - -Cerros Island is the type locality of this form. - - =6. Cnemidophorus multiscutatus= (_Cope_). - - _Cnemidophorus tessellatus multiscutatus_ COPE, Trans. - Am. Philos. Soc. v. 17, art. 3, 1892, p. 38; COPE, - Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 586. - - _Cnemidophorus multiscutatus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. - Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 126. - -Professor Cope described this form from specimens secured on Cerros -Island. - - - =7. Cnemidophorus labialis= _Stejneger_. - - _Cnemidophorus labialis_ STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. - Mus. 1889, p. 643; COPE, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. v. 17, - art. 3, 1892, p. 51; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 128; COPE, Report, U. S. - Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 610. - -Cerros Island is the type locality of this species also. Five -specimens were collected by Mr. Belding. - - - =8. Crotalus exsul= _Garman_. - - _Crotalus exsul_ GARMAN, Mem. Mus. Compar. Zool. Camb. - v. 8, no. 3, 1883, pp. 114, 174; GARMAN, Bull. Essex - Inst. v. 16, no. 1, 1884, p. 35; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. - Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 157. - -Under this name Garman has described from two specimens a small -rattlesnake from Cerros Island. It seems very closely related to _C. -atrox_. - - - NATIVIDAD ISLAND. - -I have seen only one lizard from this island. - - - =1. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. - -A single specimen (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4705) of this _Uta_ was secured -on Natividad by Mr. R. H. Beck, May 9, 1903. - - - MAGDALENA ISLAND. - -I have elsewhere recorded six species of lizards from this island. -It is necessary only to mention them here. The specimens are in the -collection of the Academy. - - - =1. Dipsosaurus dorsalis= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Dipsosaurus dorsalis_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 93. - -One was secured by Mr. Bryant in March, 1889. - - =2. Crotaphytus wislizenii= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Crotaphytus copeii?_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 95. - -Upon reëxamination, I am unable to separate two specimens from -Magdalena Island from the common form of this lizard. - - - =3. Uta nigricauda= _Cope_. - - _Uta nigricauda_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d - ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 108. - -Mr. Bryant secured a number of these lizards on Magdalena Island in -1888 and 1889. - - - =4. Sceloporus zosteromus= _Cope_. - - _Sceloporus zosteromus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. - Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 499; MOCQUARD, Nouv. Arch. Mus. - sér. 4, 1899, P. 314; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1898 (1900), p. 358. - -The Academy has eight examples of this lizard taken on Magdalena by -Mr. Bryant in February and March, 1889. - - - =5. Verticaria hyperythra beldingi= (_Stejneger_). - - _Verticaria hyperythra beldingi_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. - Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 132. - -Three specimens were collected by Mr. Bryant in March, 1889. - - - =6. Cnemidophorus rubidus= (_Cope_). - - _Cnemidophorus rubidus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 127. - -A lizard of this species was taken on Magdalena Island in March, 1889, -by Mr. W. E. Bryant. - - - SANTA MARGARITA ISLAND. - -Five reptiles are known from this island. I have not seen specimens of -the _Bascanion_ and cannot judge of its distinctness. - - - =1. Callisaurus ventralis= (_Hallowell_). - - _Callisaurus ventralis_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 98. - -A female of this species, taken on Santa Margarita by Mr. Bryant, -March 5, 1889, is in the collection of the Academy. - - - =2. Sceloporus zosteromus= _Cope_. - - _Sceloporus zosteromus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. - Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 499; MOCQUARD, Nouv. Arch. Mus. - sér. 4, 1899, p. 314; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1898 (1900), p. 358. - -Two examples were secured by Mr. Bryant on Santa Margarita, March 1, -1889. - - - =3. Cnemidophorus rubidus= _Cope_. - - _Cnemidophorus tessellatus rubidus_ COPE, Trans. - Am. Philos. Soc. 1892, p. 36, pl. XII, fig. F; - COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 584, fig. - 110. - - _Cnemidophorus rubidus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 127. - -Santa Margarita Island is the type locality of this species, which was -described from seven specimens brought back by the _Albatross_. - - - =4. Bascanion laterale fuliginosum= (_Cope_). - - _Bascanion laterale_ COPE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 12, - 1889, p. 147. - - _Zamenis lateralis fuliginosus_ COPE, Am. Nat. v. - 29, 1895, p. 679; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 - (1900), p. 809, fig. 178. - -This snake was described from two specimens taken by the naturalists -of the _Albatross_. I have seen none. - - - =5. Crotalus mitchellii= _Cope_. - - _Crotalus mitchellii_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 160; COPE, Report, U. S. - Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 1196. - -A single rattlesnake of this species, taken by Mr. W. E. Bryant in -February, 1889, is the only record for this island. - - - SOCORRO ISLAND. - -The following lizard is the only reptile known from this island. - - - =1. Uta auriculata= _Cope_. - - _Uta auriculata_ COPE, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. - 14, 1871, p. 303; BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. v. 2, - 1885, p. 214; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, - p. 35; TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, 1890, p. - 143; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 300. - -This _Uta_ was first described by Cope in 1871 from material -collected by Grayson. Townsend secured nine specimens which are now in -the National Museum. The California Academy of Sciences has seventeen, -taken by its expedition to the Revilla Gigedo Islands in 1903. - - - CLARION ISLAND. - -Although smaller than Socorro and farther from the mainland, Clarion -Island is better supplied with reptiles than its larger neighbor, -since it possesses a snake as well as a _Uta_, while Socorro has only -a _Uta_. - - - =1. Uta clarionensis= _Townsend_. - - _Uta clarionensis_ TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. - 13, 1890, p. 143; STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. - 23, 1901, p. 715. - -This lizard was first collected by Mr. C. H. Townsend who described it -from five specimens. Mr. A. W. Anthony also secured it, in 1897, and -sent specimens to the National Museum. The Academy has three taken by -Mr. Beck. - - - =2. Bascanion anthonyi= _Stejneger_. - - _Bascanion anthonyi_ STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. - v. 23, 1901, p. 715. - -Dr. Stejneger described this snake from thirteen specimens sent to the -National Museum by Mr. Anthony. The Academy has eight examples of the -species. The scale-rows are seventeen in all these specimens, while -the gastrosteges vary from one hundred and eighty-seven to one hundred -and ninety-six and the urosteges from ninety-three to one hundred and -seven. - - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. - - _Autodax lugubris farallonensis_ subsp. nov. - - _Type_, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3731, South Farallon Island, - California, Charles Fuchs, February 8, 1899. - - Fig. 1. General view, natural size. - Fig. 2. Head from above, × 2. - Fig. 3. Head from below, × 2. - Fig. 4. Head from side, × 2. - Fig. 5. Mouth, × 2½ - Fig. 6. Hind limb, × 2. - Fig. 7. Fore limb, × 2. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^D. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE II. - - MARY WELLMAN. DEL - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. - - _Batrachoseps pacificus_ Cope. - - Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4601, San Miguel Island, California, R. H. - Beck, March 23, 1903. - - Fig. 1. General view, natural size. - Fig. 2. Head and neck from above, × 3. - Fig. 3. Head and neck from below, × 3. - Fig. 4. Head and neck from side, × 3. - Fig. 5. Mouth, × 3½. - Fig. 6. Fore limb, × 3½. - Fig. 7. Hind limb, × 3½. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE III. - - MARY WELLMAN. DEL - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. - - _Sceloporus becki_ sp. nov. - - _Type_, Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4537, San Miguel Island, - California, R. H. Beck, March 26, 1903. - - Fig. 1. General view, natural size. - Fig. 2. Head from below, × 2½. - Fig. 3. Head from above, × 2½. - Fig. 4. Head from side, × 2½. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE IV. - - MARY WELLMAN. DEL - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. E. F. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. - - _Xantusia riversiana_ Cope. - - Fig. 1. Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3571, San Clemente Island, California. - General view, × ⅔. - - Fig. 2. Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 6613, San Nicolas Island, California, - Joseph Grinnell, May 22, 1897. Natural size. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE V. - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. - - _Uta martinensis_ sp. nov. - - _Type_, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4698, San Martin Island, Lower - California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. - - Fig. 1. General view, natural size. - Fig. 2. Head from above, × 2½. - Fig. 3. Head from side, × 2½. - Fig. 4. Scales of back, × 3. - Fig. 5. Hind limb, × 1¾. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE VI. - - MARY WELLMAN. DEL - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. - - _Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus_ subsp. nov. - - _Type_, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4699, San Martin Island, Lower - California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. - - Fig. 1. Head from side, natural size. - Fig. 2. Base of tail from side, natural size. - - _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ (_Skilton_). - - Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3897, Santa Rosa Island, California, Gustav - Eisen, June 1897. - - Fig. 3. Head from side, natural size. - Fig. 4. Base of tail from side, natural size. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE VII. - - MARY WELLMAN. DEL - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. - - _Uta stellata_ sp. nov. - - _Type_, Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4704, San Benito Island, - Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 6, 1903. - - Fig. 1. General view, natural size. - Fig. 2. Head from side, × 3. - Fig. 3. Head from above, × 3. - Fig. 4. Scales of back, × 3. - Fig. 5. Scales of central part of back, much enlarged. - Fig. 6. Hind limb, × 1¾. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE VIII. - - MARY WELLMAN. DEL - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. - ] - - - - - PROCEEDINGS - - OF THE - - CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - THIRD SERIES - - ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 2 - - _Issued December 2, 1905_ - - - THE SPECIES OF THE REPTILIAN GENUS ANNIELLA, - WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANNIELLA - TEXANA AND TO VARIATION IN - ANNIELLA NIGRA - - BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH - - _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_ - - -The genus _Anniella_ was established by J. E. Gray[10], in 1852, -to contain a single species which he named _Anniella pulchra_ and -described in the following terms: - -"Silvery (in spirits); upper part with very narrow brown zigzag lines -placed on the margin of the series of scales, the line down the center -of the back and two or three on the upper part of the sides being -thicker and nearly half the width of the scales. - -_Hab._ California, _J. O. Goodridge, Esq., Surgeon R. N._" - -This species has since been more completely described by Bocourt,[11] -Boulenger,[12] Cope,[13] and Van Denburgh.[14] - -[Footnote 10: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d ser. v. 10, 1852, p. 440.] - -[Footnote 11: Miss. Sci. au Mex. Recherches zool. 3d pt. p. 460.] - -[Footnote 12: Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. v. 2, 1885, p. 299.] - -[Footnote 13: Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 674.] - -[Footnote 14: Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 116.] - -In 1885 Fischer[15] described under the name _Anniella nigra_ a -specimen said to have been collected at San Diego, California. -This, he stated, differed from _Anniella pulchra_ in the following -characters: - - 1. Twenty-eight longitudinal rows of scales. - - 2. The three median preanal scales twice as long as those - preceding. - - 3. Tail one-third total length. - - 4. Color above black. - -[Footnote 15: Abh. Nat. Verein Hamburg, v. 9, Hft. 1, 1885, p. 9.] - -I have elsewhere[16] stated that the number of scale rows in _Anniella -pulchra_ varies from twenty-four to thirty-four. The preanal scales -in both the dark and light forms may be small, moderately enlarged, -or twice the length of those preceding. The tail of _A. pulchra_ -may equal or exceed one-third of the total length of the animal. I -have been unable to discover any differences in the squamation of -dark and light specimens; and since the recognition of _A. nigra_ as -distinct from _A. pulchra_ must rest solely upon the difference in -pigmentation, one is tempted to inquire whether this is not merely an -instance of melanism. Upon this subject I shall have more to say, but -I wish first to consider certain peculiarities of squamation which -have been held to distinguish another species. - -[Footnote 16: Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, pp. 116, 118.] - -_Anniella texana_ was described by Mr. Boulenger,[17] in 1887, from -a single specimen labeled El Paso, Texas--a locality so far beyond -the limits of the known range of the genus and of other Californian -reptiles that it must be regarded with much suspicion until confirmed -by the capture of additional specimens. The type of _A. texana_ -agrees in coloration with _Anniella pulchra_, but Mr. Boulenger finds -it to differ in certain details of squamation. He assigns to it the -following characters: - - 1. Head less depressed, snout more rounded than in _A. pulchra_. - - 2. A horizontal suture from nostril to second labial. - - 3. Frontal twice as broad as long. - - 4. Anterior supraocular nearly as broad as its distance from its - fellow. - - 5. Interparietal and occipital divided (anomalously?) by a - longitudinal suture. - - 6. Six upper labials, etc. - - 7. A narrow shield separates the third labial from the loreal. - - 8. Five lower labials. - - 9. Twenty-eight scales around middle of body. - - 10. No enlarged preanal scales. - - 11. Tail ending obtusely, three-eighths total length. - - 12. Dark gray above, with three fine black longitudinal lines; - sides and lower surfaces whitish. - -[Footnote 17: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5th ser. v. 20, 1887, p. 50.] - -I will now consider these characters in connection with variations -found in a series of specimens of _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_. - -1. The shape of the head and snout is subject to some variation in -both _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_. Unless the difference in shape in -the type of _A. texana_ is very great, one is safe in ignoring it as a -basis of specific distinction. - -2. One of my specimens of _A. nigra_ (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 6255) shows -a horizontal suture extending from the nostril to the second labial. -Another (No. 6244) has such a suture between the nostril and the -rostral plate. - -3. There is considerable variation in the shape and size of the -frontal plate in both _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_. It not infrequently -is twice as broad as long (No. 6236, etc.), but may be nearly as long -as broad. Sometimes it nearly touches the rostral (No. 5103). - -4. The anterior supraocular is nearly as broad as the distance which -separates it from its fellow in some specimens of _A. pulchra_ (No. -5110) and _A. nigra_ (Nos. 6233, 6243, 6249, etc.). In some specimens -it has scarcely more than half this breadth. - -5. I regard the plates which Mr. Boulenger calls interparietal and -occipital as frontoparietal and interparietal, respectively. The -former plate is not completely divided in any of my specimens. One -example of _A. pulchra_ (No. 5110), however, has it longitudinally -divided throughout the posterior third of its length. The -interparietal (occipital of Mr. Boulenger) is completely divided -longitudinally in one example of _A. nigra_ (No. 6228) and divided -through one-fifth its length in another (No. 6218). - -6. This is the normal arrangement, but is subject to variation. - -7. This shield may be absent. - -8. The number of lower labials ranges from five to seven. - -9. The number of scales around the middle of the body varies in _A. -pulchra_ from twenty-four to thirty-four, while in 54 specimens of _A. -nigra_ the number is twenty-eight in 12, thirty in 36, and thirty-two -in 6. - -10. The preanal scales, as already stated, may be not enlarged, -moderately enlarged, or twice as long as those preceding them. This is -true in both _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_. - -11. The length of the tail is subject to so much variation that it -cannot be regarded as furnishing a good specific character. The -longest ones I have seen are one-third the total length in _A. nigra_ -and two-fifths in _A. pulchra_. - -12. This is the coloration of some specimens of _A. pulchra_. - -It will be seen that, with one exception, all of the characters of -_Anniella texana_ have been found in specimens of _A. pulchra_ and _A. -nigra_ either as the normal condition or as individual variations. -The single exception is the complete division of the frontoparietal -plate--a condition which is manifestly anomalous, since this plate -has been found partially divided in other specimens. It is evident -therefore that _Anniella texana_ must stand as a synonym of _A. -pulchra_ Gray. - -_Anniella texana_ being thus disposed of, one is tempted to treat _A. -nigra_ in the same way, regarding it as based merely upon melanistic -individuals of _A. pulchra_. This view we certainly should have to -adopt if both dark and light colored specimens occurred in the same -localities, but I believe this has not yet been shown to be the case. -Fischer, to be sure, states that the type of _A. nigra_ came from San -Diego, where _A. pulchra_ is especially abundant, but it is quite -possible that his specimen did not really originate there. All of the -dark specimens I have seen, have been secured on the coast of Monterey -County; and, aside from Fischer's, I know of no records of the black -_Anniella_ from any other locality, except Cope's[18] reference to -specimens from San Francisco. Aside from the type locality, then, it -would seem that the dark form has a very limited range, being confined -to the southern part of the Pacific Fauna of the Transition Zone. - -[Footnote 18: Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 675.] - -In a large series of alcoholic specimens from the coast of Monterey -County, I find very few showing a style of coloration similar to that -of _A. pulchra_. A specimen from San Ardo, in the interior of this -county, is typical of _A. pulchra_, but San Ardo is in the Upper -Austral Zone. Not more than four or five of the fifty-four specimens -from the coast zone could be in the least confusing, and all of these -are more deeply pigmented above than is any example of _A. pulchra_ -before me. Forty-eight of these specimens were sent me alive, and in -that condition exhibited a greater range of coloration than they show -since preservation in alcohol, which seems to have intensified their -dark pigmentation while dissolving the beautiful yellow of their lower -surfaces. When the living lizards were received from Carmel and Point -Pinos, they were divided into ten groups according to the intensity of -the dorsal pigmentation, and measurements were taken of each specimen -in each group. These grades of pigmentation of the living specimens, -with measurements in millimeters from snout to anus and anus to tip of -tail, are as follows: - -1. Entire upper surface (ten, twelve, or fourteen rows of scales) -and ventral surface of tip of tail very dark Indian purple. Chin and -throat lighter Indian purple. More or less suffusion with Indian -purple about anus. Rest of lower surfaces and sides bright gamboge -yellow with chromium green staining near center of belly. Mouth -flesh-color. Labials and temporals minutely dotted with iridescent -greenish, silvery, or bronze. Eye black with bronze or silvery -markings. - - 153 15 Lateral line present No dorsal line - 150 73 Lateral line Trace dorsal line - 150 70 Lateral line Trace dorsal line - 150 38 Lateral line No dorsal line - 147 40 No lateral line No dorsal line - 146 75 No lateral line No dorsal line - 146 25 Lateral line No dorsal line - 145 70 Trace lateral line No dorsal line - 143 17 Trace lateral line No dorsal line - 140 68 Lateral line No dorsal line - 140 50 Lateral line No dorsal line - 138 32 Faint trace lateral lines No dorsal line - 137 68 Lateral line Trace dorsal line - 137 47 Lateral line Trace dorsal line - 136 45 Lateral line No dorsal line - 135 65 Lateral line No dorsal line - 135 53 Trace lateral line No dorsal line - 134 65 Lateral line No dorsal line - 133 60 Lateral line No dorsal line - 132 63 Lateral line Trace dorsal line - 131 50 Lateral line No dorsal line - 131 16 Lateral line No dorsal line - 130 34 Lateral line No dorsal line - -2. Dark hair-brown above; bright gamboge below; chin Indian purple. - - 146 70 Lateral line No dorsal line - 131 20 Two lateral lines Trace dorsal line - -3. Dark purplish drab above; wax-yellow with Paris or chromium green -below; chin and throat lighter Indian purple. - - 140 40 Two lateral lines Trace dorsal line - 134 20 Lateral line Faint trace dorsal line - 123 25 Lateral line No dorsal line - 120 60 Lateral line Fair dorsal line - -4. Hair-brown above; gamboge below; chin Indian purple. - - 130 65 Two lateral lines Dorsal line - 120 52 Lateral line Faint dorsal line - -5. Dark drab above; waxy gamboge below. - - 126 65 Two lateral lines Distinct dorsal line - 126 60 Lateral line Indistinct dorsal line - 125 20 Two lateral lines Faint dorsal line - 125 60 Two lateral lines Indistinct dorsal line - -6a. Bronzed drab above; light wax-color below; chin light Indian -purple. - - 125 63 Two lateral lines Faint dorsal line - -6b. Drab above; light wax-color below; chin light Indian purple. - - 117 55 Two lateral lines Faint dorsal line - 116 55 Two lateral lines Faint trace dorsal line - 112 20 Two lateral lines Dorsal line - 105 48 Two lateral lines Dorsal line - -7. Grayish drab above; wax-yellow below; chin lighter Indian purple. - - 126 30 Two lateral lines Faint trace dorsal line - 122 60 Two lateral lines Trace dorsal line - 121 20 Two lateral lines Incomplete dorsal line - 119 55 Strong lateral line Trace dorsal line - 116 55 Strong lateral line Faint trace dorsal line - -8. Dark drab-gray above; dull wax-yellow below; chin light Indian -purple. - - 124 60 Lateral line Faint dorsal line - -9. Drab-gray above; straw and Naples yellow below; chin light Indian -purple. - - 118 56 Two lateral lines Dorsal line - -10. Bronzed drab-gray above; pale wax-yellow below; chin light Indian -purple. - - 92 41 Two lateral lines Very distinct dorsal line - -These notes show clearly that the intensity of pigmentation increases -quite gradually and fairly regularly with the size of the individual, -and that while young specimens may be nearly as pale as some dark -individuals of _A. pulchra_, all of the large specimens are of the -dark type. It is also true in a general way that the smaller the -specimen the more distinctly the lines are shown. - -In the light of our present knowledge, therefore, it seems -necessary to regard _Anniella nigra_ as a local and probably -recently differentiated race rather than as a melanistic phase of -_Anniella pulchra_. While the difference is purely one of color, no -intergradation has yet been shown to occur in adult specimens, and the -two forms must therefore be recognized as distinct species occupying -separate areas in different faunal zones. - -If then we ignore the localities of the type specimens of "_A. -texana_" and _A. nigra_, as open to question until confirmed by the -finding of additional specimens, the known distribution of the species -of the genus _Anniella_ is as follows: - - =Anniella pulchra.= - UPPER AUSTRAL ZONE. - _San Diegan Fauna._ - San Diego County. - San Diego, Coronado, mountains near San Diego. - Riverside County. - San Jacinto. - San Bernardino County. - San Bernardino. - _Californian Fauna._ - Kern County. - Oil City to Poso Creek. - Tulare County. - Sequoia National Park. - Fresno County. - Fresno. - Monterey County (interior). - San Ardo. - San Benito County. - Bear Valley. - Contra Costa County. - - =Anniella nigra.= - TRANSITION ZONE. - _Pacific Fauna._ - Monterey County (coast). - Monterey, Pacific Grove, Point Pinos, Carmel Bay. - San Francisco County. - San Francisco. - - SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, - August 18, 1905. - - - - - PROCEEDINGS - - OF THE - - CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - THIRD SERIES - - ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 3 - - _Issued December 2, 1905_ - - - ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE LEATHER-BACK - TURTLE, DERMOCHELYS, ON THE - COAST OF CALIFORNIA - - - BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH - - _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_ - - - PLATES IX-XI - -Records of the occurrence of the great marine Leather-back Turtle -in the Pacific Ocean are so few that any additional observations -are of much interest. Temminck and Schlegel[19] report upon a -specimen captured near the Bay of Nagasaki, Japan, in May, 1825. -Mr. Swinhoe[20] saw a large one at Amoy, China, in October, 1859. -Aflalo[21] has described a pair from Thursday Island, Queensland, -Australia. Krefft[22] mentions an example nine feet long from the -coast of New South Wales. McCoy[23] figures one caught at Portland, -Victoria, Australia, in 1862. Another was harpooned by Captain -Subritzky in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, in May, 1892.[24] -Boulenger[25] mentions a skull from the Solomon Islands. The -species has been recorded from the coast of Chile by Molina[26] and -Philippi,[27] and from Guaymas, Mexico, by Mr. Belding.[28] - -[Footnote 19: Fauna Japonica, 1833, pp. 9, 12.] - -[Footnote 20: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1870, p. 410.] - -[Footnote 21: Sketch Nat. Hist. Australia, p. 188.] - -[Footnote 22: Austral. Vertebr. p. 39.] - -[Footnote 23: Prodrom. Zool. Victoria, v. 2, 1885, p. 2.] - -[Footnote 24: Cheeseman, Trans. New Zealand Inst. v. 25, 1893, p. 108.] - -[Footnote 25: Cat. Chelon. Brit. Mus. 1889, p. 10.] - -[Footnote 26: Essai sur l'Hist. Nat. du Chili, 1789, p. 194.] - -[Footnote 27: Ann. Univ. Chile, v. 104, 1899, [separate pp. 3-6], pl.--.] - -[Footnote 28: West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 99.] - -Thus it appears that the only record of the occurrence of the -Leather-back Turtle in the waters of the western coast of the North -American continent is the brief note by Mr. Belding in the West -American Scientist, which reads as follows: - -"I saw at Guaymas a Leather-back Turtle (Dermatochelys) which weighed -1,102 lbs." - -I am now able to record the capture of three specimens of this turtle -on the coast of California. - -Early in January of the present year I received word that a large -sea turtle had been caught near Santa Barbara, California, and at -once arranged to purchase it for the Academy. A photograph (Plate -IX) sent me at the time showed it to be a fine specimen of -the Leather-back Turtle. Upon its arrival in San Francisco this turtle -proved to be a female measuring six feet and seven inches from the tip -of its snout to the end of its tail. Its weight was given on the bill -of lading as 800 pounds, but this may have been estimated rather than -actually determined. It was secured by Mr. G. W. Gourley and Albert F. -Stafford, about January 2, in twenty-five fathoms of water in the open -sea about two miles south of Santa Barbara. - -Mr. Gourley has given me the following glowing account of its capture: - - "SANTA BARBARA, CAL., - "Jan. 17, 1905. - - "_Dear Sir:_--Your note of 13th inst. received.... In regard to - the details of the capture I will say that the turtle was first - seen swimming on the surface about two miles off shore and to - the southwestward of the Santa Barbara whistling buoy. I went - after it (accompanied by a boy) in an 18 foot sailboat. I had - a gaff with a hook on the end of it and bent about 200 feet of - rope onto the handle. I had also prepared a number of other - ropes with nooses on them to be ready for quick work. - - "On approaching the turtle it did not hear the wash of the boat - until we were within about 25 feet of it, when it made a rush - to windward and started to dive, but the momentum of the boat - when I luffed into the wind carried her right along side of him - and I dropped the tiller and got forward with the gaff-hook and - swung over the side in the weather rigging and got the hook fast - in the leathery part of his neck. He immediately sounded and - run out the full length of the line--about 200 feet--and towed - the boat about half a mile further out to sea. He then came to - the surface and we over-handed the line and pulled up close to - him again. When he caught sight of the boat he turned and came - toward us and threw one of his flippers over the gunwale of the - boat, nearly capsizing her.[29] I climbed up on the upper side - and shoved him off with an oar. He grabbed the end of the oar - and bit the end of it off like a piece of cheese. His movements - in the water were very swift; using his fore flipper he could - turn almost instantly from one side to the other and his head - would project about 18 inches from the body. I succeeded in - throwing a noose over his head and later by attracting his - attention in the opposite direction got ropes around both - flippers--finally having five lines on him--and started to tow - him toward the shore. He repeatedly slipped the ropes off from - his neck and flippers--several times getting almost entirely - free. We were from 11:30 A. M. till nearly 4 P. M. in finally - landing him. When about half way to shore he suddenly turned and - made a break out to sea, towing the boat stern first with all - sail drawing full for several hundred yards with little effort. - He emitted at intervals a noise resembling the grunt of a wild - boar. There were (when we first tackled him) about a dozen - ramoras attached to different parts of the body. Most of them - stayed with him all through the struggle and only deserted him - when I hoisted him to the deck of the dock. I captured two of - them and kept them in a bucket for several days. One was about - ten inches long. The turtle lived for four days after taking out - of the water--being very lively when first landed and gradually - subsiding. I don't think this species ever come out of the water - on their own responsibility. - - "So far as I can learn there has been but one other of this kind - ever taken on this coast. It was less than half the size of - this and was entangled in a fisherman's net and was wounded in - capturing, so that it died soon after. The meat was sold to the - hotels here and was very fine eating. - - "Respectfully, - - "G. W. GOURLEY." - - [Footnote 29: It is interesting to note the similarity of - the account given by Captain Subritzky of the capture of his - specimen, which is given by Cheeseman (Trans. New Zealand Inst. - v. 25, 1893, p. 109) as follows: "When passing Cape Brett - on a voyage from Awanui to Auckland, he noticed a floating - object, which he at first took for a boat bottom upwards. The - schooner's boat was lowered, and he proceeded to inspect it; - when, to his astonishment, it suddenly disappeared, shortly - afterward reappearing a little distance further away. Returning - to his vessel, he secured a harpoon and line, and then pulled - cautiously up to the creature, soon recognizing it to be a - large turtle-like animal entirely new to him. After a little - manœuvering he succeeded in harpooning it in the neck. - According to him, it made a most determined resistance, making - for the boat open-mouthed, snapping its jaws violently. It - succeeded in getting its flappers over the side of the boat, - nearly capsizing it, but was stunned by a blow on the head, - towed alongside the schooner, and hoisted on board."] - -Inquiry regarding the second specimen referred to in Mr. Gourley's -letter finally resulted, through the kindness of Dr. Frank M. -Anderson, in my securing from Mr. E. B. Hoyt of San Luis Obispo, a -photograph of this turtle, taken soon after its death. Mr. Hoyt tells -me that this photograph was taken by himself at Santa Barbara in July -or August, 1901. It shows the animal covering more than half the -length of the floor of a dray on which it was lying. This photograph -is reproduced in Plate X. - -The third individual of this species was preserved in the museum at -Coronado, San Diego County, which I am told is now a thing of the -past. All that I have been able to learn of its history is contained -in the following note from Mrs. E. S. Newcomb, who was in charge of -the collection: - - "CORONADO, March 21, 1896. - - "_Dear Sir_:--I am only posted in regard to one marine turtle, - which hangs in the entrance of our museum, and provokes various - witty remarks from the travelling public.... This turtle was - caught off Point Loma [San Diego Co.] by a fisherman, weight - 800 lbs. He sold it to the market, where Prof. Ward recognized - the skin as belonging to the Harp or Lute turtle, and purchased - it for this museum. It has been here eight years. I am sorry my - information is so meagre, but it is the best I can give you. - - "Yours sincerely, - - "(MRS.) E. S. NEWCOMB." - -With no material for comparison I am unable to form an opinion as to -the identity or specific distinctness of the Leather-back Turtles of -the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans; but Distant's photograph -of an individual from South Africa[30] certainly shows a style of -coloration very different from that seen in those reproduced here. - -A view of the superior surface of the hyoid is given (Plate -XI) which makes it evident that the specimen figured by -Gervais[31] was incomplete. - - SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, - August 4, 1905. - -[Footnote 30: Distant, Zoologist, 4th ser. v. 2, 1898, p. 500.] - -[Footnote 31: Gervais, N. Arch. Mus. v. 8, 1872, pl. VII, -fig. 2.] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. - - Photograph of Leather-back Turtle captured at Santa Barbara, - California, January, 1905. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE IX. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. - - Photograph of Leather-back Turtle captured at Santa Barbara, - California, in July or August, 1901. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE X. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. - - Hyoid of Leather-back Turtle captured at Santa Barbara, - California, January, 1905. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE XI. - ] - - - - - PROCEEDINGS - - OF THE - - CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - THIRD SERIES - - ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 4[32] - - _Issued March 14, 1906_ - - - [Footnote 32: NOTE.--Only a few copies of the original - edition of this paper (Third Series, Vol. IV, Nos. 4 and 5, - Zoology, pp. 61-67) had been distributed prior to the great fire of - April 18, 1906, in which practically the entire edition was lost. - To enable libraries and individuals to complete their files of the - Proceedings this _exact reprint_ is issued - - March 26, 1915. - - BARTON W. EVERMANN, _Editor_.] - - DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PLETHODON (PLETHODON - VANDYKEI) FROM MOUNT RAINIER, WASHINGTON - - - BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH - - _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_ - -In a small collection of amphibians secured in Washington by Dr. -Edwin Cooper Van Dyke, Curator of the Department of Entomology, is an -apparently undescribed species of salamander, which I take pleasure in -naming, in honor of its collector, - - - =Plethodon vandykei= sp. nov. - - _Diagnosis._--Similar in general appearance to _Plethodon - intermedius_, but much larger and stouter; costal grooves 12-13; - toes and fingers webbed, only 2 phalanges of third and fourth - toes free; adpressed limbs separated by 1 costal interspace; - tail but slightly compressed; paratoid well developed; a dorsal - band, not red; lower surfaces black. - - _Type._--Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 6910, Paradise Valley, Mt. Rainier - Park, Washington, Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, July 15-31, 1905. - - _Description._--General form similar to _P. oregonensis_, but - body not quite so much flattened, tail less compressed, and - limbs shorter and stouter; tail cylindro-conic, somewhat - compressed in posterior half, nearly equal to length of head - and body; head depressed, about width of widest part of body; - snout broadly truncate from above, rounded in profile; eyes - moderate, smaller than in _P. oregonensis_, rather prominent, - separated anteriorly by nearly twice the length of the orbital - slit; nostrils small, near corners of snout, separated by - about their distance from pupil; subnasal groove descending - nearly to margin of lip; line of lip descending slightly below - corner of snout and ascending below posterior edge of orbit; - palatine _teeth_ in 2 slightly curved series beginning some - distance behind and a little internal to the internal nares, - converging obliquely backward, and scarcely separated on the - median line; parasphenoid teeth in 1 patch throughout, separated - from palatine teeth by an interval equal to distance from - nostril to edge of lip; internal nares rather small; tongue - large, ovate, not emarginate, attached along median line but - free laterally and for a short distance behind; neck a little - narrower than body, with large elongate parotoid gland divided - by a longitudinal groove running posteriorly and downward from - eye to gular fold, other grooves behind, above and in front - of parotoid; a groove along vertebral line; _costal grooves_ - between limbs 12 on right, 13 on left, not continued to midline - either above or below; limbs a little shorter and stouter than - in _P. oregonensis_, anterior with 4 and posterior with 5 - digits; digits rather short, with broad rounded ends each with - a terminal pad below, inner shortest, third longest, second - finger longer than fourth, second toe shorter than fourth which - is but little shorter than third; web well developed, extending - nearly to end of inner digits, 2 phalanges of third and fourth - toes free, feet very broadly palmate; tail slender, slightly - compressed in posterior two-thirds, with rather indefinite - grooves on proximal half; skin shiny, but roughened above and - laterally and pitted below by the mouths of small glands; - adpressed limbs separated by about the distance between 2 costal - grooves. - -A broad band extends along the whole dorsal surface from the snout -to the tip of the tail. In the alcoholic specimen this band is dark -clay-color, dotted with black on the upper surface of the head. It is -broadest on the back of the head and narrowest above the anus. The -upper surfaces of the limbs and the side of the snout are clay-color -dotted with black. A black line runs from the eye to the nostril. The -hands and feet are black dotted with clay-color. The chin and central -gular region are white with a few scattered black dots. The sides of -the neck and the sides and lower surfaces of the body and tail are -intense black with a few scattered whitish dots on the belly and sides -of tail and with a zone of crowded white dots along the sides of the -neck and body. - - Snout to anus 60 - Front of anus to end of tail 56 - Width of head 9 - Nostril to orbit 2 - Snout to orbit 4 - Snout to gular fold 13 - Snout to fore limb 17 - Gular fold to anus 47 - Axilla to groin 34 - Adpressed limbs separated by 3 - Fore limb 15½ - Hind limb 18½ - Heel to end of longest toe 7 - Breadth of foot 6 - - SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, - December 21, 1905. - - - - - PROCEEDINGS - - OF THE - - CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - THIRD SERIES - - ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 5 - - _Issued March 14, 1906_ - - - ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE SPOTTED NIGHT - SNAKE, HYPSIGLENA OCHRORHYNCHUS, IN - CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; AND ON THE - SHAPE OF THE PUPIL IN THE - REPTILIAN GENUS ARIZONA - - - BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH - - _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_ - - - ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE SPOTTED NIGHT SNAKE, HYPSIGLENA - OCHRORHYNCHUS, IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA - -The little snake to which Cope, in 1860,[33] gave the name _Hypsiglena -ochrorhynchus_ was first described from specimens secured at Cape -San Lucas, Lower California. It has since been found to range across -Arizona and northern Mexico to Texas. As recently as 1893, so little -was known of the distribution of this snake in California that Dr. -Stejneger,[34] in recording the single specimen secured by the -Death Valley Expedition in the Argus Range, Inyo County, California, -thought that it added a species to the known fauna of the State. This -snake had, however, already been taken at San Diego, California, as -mentioned by Professor Cope[35] in 1883. More recently, the species -has been recorded by Cope[36] from Witch Creek, San Diego County, -and by myself[37] from the Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego County; -Strawberry Valley and San Jacinto, Riverside County, and Hesperia, San -Bernardino County. - -[Footnote 33: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, p. 246.] - -[Footnote 34: N. A. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, p. 204.] - -[Footnote 35: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1883, p. 32.] - -[Footnote 36: Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 954.] - -[Footnote 37: Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 180.] - -These localities are all in the Desert and San Diegan faunal areas. -It was with much interest, therefore, that I found this snake in -the Californian Fauna close to the edge of the Pacific Fauna. The -specimen was secured near Los Gatos, Santa Clara County, several -hundred miles beyond the range of the species as previously known. It -was found under a pile of recently cut hay, at an altitude of about -eight or nine hundred feet, in what is locally known as the warm belt -of the foothills, where _Bascanion laterale_, _Cnemidophorus tigris -undulates_, and _Amphispiza belli_ also occur. - - - ON THE SHAPE OF THE PUPIL IN THE REPTILIAN GENUS ARIZONA - -There has been, among herpetologists, much diversity of opinion as -to the merits of Kennicott's genus _Arizona_. The validity of the -single species for which he proposed the name _Arizona elegans_ has, I -believe, never been questioned, but the known generic characters have -been rather inadequate. Accordingly, while some authors have followed -Kennicott, others have referred the species variously to the genera -_Pituophis_ of Holbrook, _Rhinechis_ of Michahelles, or _Coluber_ of -Linnæus. - -I believe that all authors (myself included) who mention the point at -all describe the eye of this snake as showing a round pupil. This is -true of most alcoholic specimens, for in these the pupil usually is -dilated. In two living specimens, however, I find that the pupil is -slightly irregular in outline so that it appears somewhat eccentric, -that it varies considerably in size from time to time, and that it -is distinctly elliptic, with the long diameter vertical, but becomes -nearly round when dilated. Some alcoholic specimens also show the -pupil somewhat contracted and elliptic. - -This point is of some importance, since the possession of a vertically -elongate pupil is in itself ample basis for the recognition of the -genus _Arizona_ as distinct from the other colubrine genera with which -it has been confused. - - SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, - February 24, 1906. - - -Transcriber's Notes: - -1. Pages 20, 25: The spelling of Reëxamination/reëxamination has been left - with the dieresis. - -2. Italics are shown as _text_ and bold as =text=. - -3. Page 19, 20: The fraction 2/2 has been retained as such. - -4. Carat numbers/letters have been retained with the carat symbol to - represent an upper position. - -5. Page 61: There is a date in the middle of a paragraph which does - not seem to pertain to anything. 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