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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 3, Volume 4 (Zoology) - -Author: Various - -Release Date: February 26, 2017 [EBook #54240] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, S.3, V. 4 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Karin Spence, Bryan Ness and -the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/American -Libraries.) - - - - - - - - - - PROCEEDINGS - - OF THE - - CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - THIRD SERIES - - ZOOLOGY - - VOL. IV - - 1905-1906 - - SAN FRANCISCO - - PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY - - 1906 - - - - - INDEX TO VOLUME IV, THIRD SERIES, ZOOLOGY. - - - New names in =heavy-faced type=; Synonyms in _italics_. - - _adamanteus atrox, Crotalus_, 18 - - Amphispiza belli, 66 - - _Anaides lugubris_, 5 - - Anniella: - The species of the Reptilian Genus Anniella with Especial - Reference to Anniella texana and to Variation in - Anniella nigra, 41-9 - nigra, 42, 43, 44, 48, 49 - pulchra, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48 - texana, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48 - - anthonyi, Bascanion, 3, 4, 27 - - Arizona: - On the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona, 66-7 - elegans, 66 - - _atrox, Crotalus_, 18, 24 - - attenuatus, Batrachoseps, 3, 6, 7, 16 - - auriculata, Uta, 3, 4, 26 - - _Autodax lugubris_, 4, 5 - =lugubris farallonensis=, 2, 3, 4, 5 - - - Bascanion, 25 - anthonyi, 3, 4, 27 - _laterale_, 26, 66 - laterale fuliginosum, 3, 4, 26 - - Batrachoseps attenuatus, 3, 6, 7, 16 - pacificus, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11 - - becki, Sceloporus, 2, 3, 4, 9 - - _beldingi, Verticaria_, 23 - - belli, Amphispiza, 66 - - biseriatus becki, Sceloporus, 3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14 - - - Callisaurus ventralis, 3, 25 - - catenifer, Pituophis, 3, 21 - - _catenifer deserticola, Pituophis_, 21 - - cerroense, Phrynosoma, 3, 4, 23 - - clarionensis, Uta, 3, 4, 27 - - clarki clarki, Sceloporus, 23 - - Cnemidophorus labialis, 3, 4, 24 - multiscutatus, 3, 4, 24 - rubidus, 3, 25, 26 - _tessellatus rubidus_, 26 - _tessellatus multiscutatus_, 24 - tigris undulatus, 66 - - Coluber, 66 - - _confluentus confluentus, Crotalus_, 18 - - copeii, Crotaphytus, 25 - - _Crotalus adamanteus atrox_, 18 - _atrox_, 18, 24 - _confluentus confluentus_, 18 - exsul, 3, 4, 24 - _lucifer_, 16, 18 - mitchellii, 3, 26 - oregonus, 3, 16, 18 - - _Crotaphytus copeii_, 25 - wislizenii, 25 - - _curla_, Hyla, 23 - - - Dermochelys: - On the Occurrence of the Leather-back Turtle, Dermochelys, - on the Coast of California, 51-6 - - Dipsosaurus dorsalis, 3, 24 - - dorsalis, Dipsosaurus, 3, 24 - - - elegans, Arizona, 66 - - =exsul,= Crotalus, 3, 4, 24 - - - Gerrhonotus, 18, 20 - _multicarinatus_, 14 - palmeri, 21 - scincicauda, 3, 10, 12, 14, 19, 20, 21 - scincicauda =ignavus= 2, 3, 19, 21 - _scincicaudus_, 14 - - _Hemidactylium pacificum_, 6 - - _hernandezi, Phrynosoma_, 23 - - Hyla _curla_, 23 - regilla, 3, 13, 23 - - hyperythra beldingi, Verticaria, 3, 23, 25 - - Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, 18 - On the Occurrence of the Spotted Night Snake, Hypsiglena - ochrorhynchus in Central California; and on the Shape of - the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona, 65-6 - - - =ignavus,= Gerrhonotus scincicauda, 2, 3, 19, 21 - - intermedius, Plethodon, 61 - - - labialis, Cnemidophorus, 3, 4, 24 - - laterale, Bascanion, 26, 66 - - laterale fuliginosum, Bascanion, 3, 4, 26 - - _lateralis fuliginosus, Zamenis_, 26 - - _lucifer, Crotalus_, 16, 18 - - _lugubris, Anaides_, 5 - - _lugubris_, Autodax, 4, 5 - - =lugubris farallonensis=, Autodax, 2, 3, 4, =5= - - - =martinensis=, Uta, 2, 3, 4, =18= - - mitchellii, Crotalus, 3, =26= - - _multicarinatus, Gerrhonotus_, 14 - - multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus, 3, 4, =24= - - _multiscutatus tessellatus, Cnemidophorus_, 24 - - - nigra, Anniella, 42, 43, 44, 48, =49= - - nigricauda, Uta, 3, =25= - - - occidentalis, Sceloporus, 9, 10, 12 - - ochrorhynchus, Hypsiglena, =65-6= - - oregonensis, Plethodon, 61, 62 - - oregonus, Crotalus, 3, =16=, =18= - - - pacificum, Hemidactylium, 6 - - pacificus, Batrachoseps, 3, 4, =6=, 7, =11= - - palmeri, Gerrhonotus, 21 - - Phrynosoma, cerroense, 3, 4, =23= - _hernandezi_, 23 - - Pituophis, 66 - catenifer, 3, =21= - _catenifer deserticola_, 21 - - _Pityophis sayi bellona_, 21 - - Plethodon, 7 - intermedius, 61 - oregonensis, 61, 62 - =vandykei=, =61= - Description of a New Species of Plethodon, =61-3= - - pulchra, Anniella, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, =48= - - - regilla, Hyla, 3, =13=, =23= - - Rhinechis, 66 - - riversiana, Xantusia, 3, 4, =15=, =16=, =17= - - rubidus, Cnemidophorus, 3, =25=, =26= - - rubidus, Cnemidophorus tessellatus, 26 - - - sayi bellona, Pityophis, 21 - - Sceloporus =becki=, 2, 3, 4, =9= - biseriatus becki, 3, 9, 10, =11=, =12=, =14= - _clarki clarki_, 23 - occidentalis, 9, 10, 12 - undulatus, 9 - zosteromus, 3, =23=, =25=, =26= - - scincicauda, Gerrhonotus, 3, =10=, =12=, =14=, 19, 20, 21 - - scincicauda =ignavus=, Gerrhonotus, 2, 3, =19=, 21 - - scincicaudus, Gerrhonotus, 14 - - stansburiana, Uta, 3, =13=, =14=, =16=, =17=, 21, =23=, =24= - - =stellata=, Uta, 2, 3, 4, =21= - - - tessellatus rubidus, Cnemidophorus, 26 - - tessellatus multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus, 24 - - texana, Anniella, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48 - - tigris undulatus, Cnemidophorus, 66 - - - undulatus, Cnemidophorus tigris, 66 - - undulatus, Sceloporus, 9 - - Uta, 18, 27 - auriculata, 3, 4, =26= - clarionensis, 3, 4, =27= - =martinensis=, 2, 3, 4, =18= - nigricauda, 3, =25= - stansburiana, 3, =13=, =14=, =16=, =17=, 21, =23=, =24= - =stellata=, 2, 3, 4, =21= - - - =vandykei=, Plethodon - Description of a New Species of the Genus Plethodon, =61-3= - - ventralis, Callisaurus, 3, =25= - - _Verticaria beldingi_, 23 - hyperythra beldingi, 3, =23=, =25= - - - wislizenii, Crotaphytus, 25 - - - Xantusia riversiana, 3, 4, =15=, =16=, =17= - - - _Zamenis lateralis fuliginosus_, 26 - - zosteromus, Sceloporus, 3, =23=, =25=, =26= - - - - - CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV. - - PLATES I-XI. - - - PAGE - - Title-page i - - Contents iii - - No. 1. The Reptiles and Amphibians of the Islands of the - Pacific Coast of North America from the Farallons to Cape - San Lucas and the Revilla Gigedos. By John Van Denburgh. - (Plates I-VIII) 1 - - (Published June 15, 1905) - - No. 2. The Species of the Reptilian Genus Anniella, with - Especial Reference to Anniella texana and to Variation - in Anniella nigra. By John Van Denburgh 41 - - (Published December 2, 1905) - - No. 3. On the Occurrence of the Leather-back Turtle, - Dermochelys, on the Coast of California. By John Van - Denburgh. - (Plates IX-XI) 51 - - (Published December 2, 1905) - - No. 4. Description of a New Species of the Genus Plethodon - (Plethodon vandykei) from Mount Rainier, Washington. By - John Van Denburgh 61 - - (Published March 14, 1906) - - No. 5. On the Occurrence of the Spotted Night Snake, - Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, in Central California; and - On the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus - Arizona. By John Van Denburgh 65 - - (Published March 14, 1906) - - Index 69 - - December 30, 1914. - - [Illustration: PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^D. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE I. - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY, S. F.] - - - - - PROCEEDINGS - - OF THE - - CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - THIRD SERIES - - ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 1 - - _Issued June 15, 1905_ - - =THE REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF THE ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF - NORTH AMERICA FROM THE FARALLONS TO CAPE SAN LUCAS AND THE REVILLA - GIGEDOS= - - BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_. - - - - - CONTENTS. - - - PLATES I-VIII. - - PAGE - - INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 2 - - TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION 3 - - FAUNAL RELATIONSHIPS 4 - - SOUTH FARALLON ISLAND 4 - - SAN MIGUEL ISLAND 6 - - SANTA ROSA ISLAND 11 - - SANTA CRUZ ISLAND 13 - - ANA CAPA ISLAND 14 - - SAN NICOLAS ISLAND 15 - - SANTA BARBARA ISLAND 15 - - SANTA CATALINA ISLAND 16 - - SAN CLEMENTE ISLAND 17 - - LOS CORONADOS 17 - - SAN MARTIN ISLAND 18 - - SAN BENITO ISLAND 21 - - CERROS ISLAND 22 - - NATIVIDAD ISLAND 24 - - MAGDALENA ISLAND 24 - - SANTA MARGARITA ISLAND 25 - - SOCORRO ISLAND 26 - - CLARION ISLAND 27 - -June 13, 1905 - - - INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. - - -The first contribution to the herpetology of the islands of the -Pacific Coast of North America of which I have knowledge was, -curiously enough, a description of the lizard of Socorro, an island -perhaps the least accessible of them all. This description was -published by Professor Cope in 1871. Six years later Dr. Streets -recorded a few notes on the fauna of Cerros, San Martin, and -Los Coronados. Since that time there have appeared at intervals -contributions from Yarrow, Belding, Cope, Garman, Townsend, Stejneger, -and Van Denburgh, resulting in the gradual accumulation of a -considerable fund of knowledge. The papers in which this information -is contained are so widely scattered through journals and the -publications of various societies and museums as to be but little -available. It has, therefore, been thought expedient to review the -whole subject while reporting upon the material which in the last few -years has been accumulating in the collection of the Academy. - -In this paper there are mentioned or described twenty-nine species and -subspecies, representing the fauna of eighteen islands. Of these four -are amphibians, nineteen are lizards, and six are snakes. - -The following forms are here described as new:-- - - _Autodax lugubris farallonensis_, South Farallon Island, - - _Uta martinensis_, San Martin Island, - - _Uta stellata_, San Benito Island, - - _Sceloporus becki_, San Miguel Island, - - _Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus_, San Martin Island. - -The island distribution of the various species and subspecies is -indicated in the following table: - - DISTRIBUTION OF ISLAND REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS. - - Table Key: - - A: Farallon - B: San Miguel - C: Santa Rosa - D: Santa Cruz - E: Ana Capa - F: San Nicolas - G: Santa Barbara - H: Santa Catalina - I: San Clemente - J: Los Coronados - K: San Martin - L: San Benito - M: Cerros - N: Natividad - O: Magdalena - P: Santa Margarita - Q: Socorro - R: Clarion - S: Mainland - - ===============================+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= - Name |A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M|N|O|P|Q|R|S - -------------------------------+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- - Autodax lugubris farallonensis |x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Batrachoseps attenuatus | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | | | | |x - Batrachoseps pacificus | |x|x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |? - Hyla regilla | | | |x| | | | | | | | |x| | | | | |x - Dipsosaurus dorsalis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | |x - Callisaurus ventralis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | |x - Crotaphytus wislizenii | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | |x - Uta stansburiana | | | |x|x| | |x|x| | | |x|x| | | | |x - Uta martinensis | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | | - Uta stellata | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | - Uta nigricauda | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | |x - Uta auriculata | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | - Uta clarionensis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| - Sceloporus zosteromus | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| |x|x| | |x - Sceloporus becki | |x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sceloporus biseriatus becki | | |x|x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Phrynosoma cerroense | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | - Gerrhonotus scincicauda | |x|x|x| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x - Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus| | | | | | | | | |?|x| | | | | | | |x - Xantusia riversiana | | | | | |x|x|x|x| | | | | | | | | | - Verticaria hyperythra beldingi | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| |x| | | |x - Cnemidophorus rubidus | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x|x| | |x - Cnemidophorus multiscutatus | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | - Cnemidophorus labialis | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | - Bascanion anthonyi | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| - Bascanion laterale fuliginosum | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | - Pituophis catenifer | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | | |x - Crotalus exsul | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | | | | | - Crotalus oregonus | | | | | | | |x| |x| | | | | | | | |x - Crotalus mitchellii | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |x| | |x - -------------------------------+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+- - -Little can be stated about the faunal relationships of the various -islands beyond the fact that all except, probably, the Farallons are -clearly Sonoran. Of the island reptiles, only fourteen are not known -to live on the mainland. These are - - Autodax lugubris farallonensis, - Batrachoseps pacificus, - Uta martinensis, - Uta stellata, - Uta auriculata, - Uta clarionensis, - Sceloporus becki, - Phrynosoma cerroense, - Xantusia riversiana, - Cnemidophorus multiscutatus, - Cnemidophorus labialis, - Bascanion anthonyi, - Bascanion laterale fuliginosum, - Crotalus exsul. - -Although the evidence is thus too meager to enable one to speak -positively, it would seem that the probable faunal relationship is -about as follows: - - TRANSITION ZONE. - - _Pacific Fauna:_ - - Farallon Islands. - - - UPPER AUSTRAL ZONE. - - _Californian Fauna:_ - - San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Ana Capa. - - _San Diegan Fauna:_ - - San Nicolas, Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina, San Clemente. - Los Coronados, San Martin. - Perhaps San Benito, Cerros, Natividad. - - LOWER AUSTRAL ZONE. - - Perhaps San Benito, Cerros, Natividad. - Magdalena, Santa Margarita. - Socorro, Clarion. - - - SOUTH FARALLON ISLAND. - -No reptiles have been found on the Farallon Islands and it is probable -that none occur there. The amphibians are represented on South -Farallon Island by a salamander which has been regarded as identical -with _Autodax lugubris_ Hallowell. Specimens from this island, -however, are much more profusely spotted or blotched with yellow than -is the mainland form of this species. In examining series of specimens -one finds a few individuals from the mainland as heavily spotted as -some of the Farallon specimens, but the average difference seems -constant and the extremes are very dissimilar. I therefore propose -that the Farallon Island form be called - - - 1. =Autodax lugubris farallonensis= subsp. nov. - - PLATE II. - - _Anaides lugubris_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. - 24, 1882, p. 158 [part]. - - _Autodax lugubris_ COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, - 1889, p. 185 [part]; KEELER, Zoe, v. 3, 1892, p. 154. - -_Diagnosis._--Similar to _Autodax lugubris_ Hallow, but yellow spots -more numerous and often larger. - -_Type._--Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 3731, South Farallon Island, Charles -Fuchs, February 8, 1899. - -_Description of Type._--Head elongate, depressed, with truncate, -protruding snout; nostril small, a little above and behind the corner -of snout, with groove running down to edge of lip, separated from -its fellow and from orbit by length of eye-slit; lip margin long and -undulating; maxillary and mandibular teeth large; palatine teeth -small, in series running back from each inner nostril and forming a -V-shaped figure; a large well-defined patch of parasphenoid teeth -divided by a slight median groove and posterior notch; tongue large, -long, ovate, with a small posterior notch, free except along the -median line; neck short, somewhat constricted, a well-developed -gular fold; body subfusiform, diminishing toward both extremities; -13 transverse costal grooves between limbs, extending from a short -distance from vertebral line entirely across belly; tail conical -with similar transverse grooves; limbs well-developed, posterior -longer than anterior, toes overlapping when adpressed; digits 4-5, -well-developed, nearly free, with slight terminal disc-like expansion; -third finger longest, first short, second and fourth nearly equal; -first toe short, second and fifth and third and fourth nearly equal; -skin everywhere smooth, but dotted with the mouths of small glands. - -Color above smoky seal-brown, lightest on the snout and limbs, dotted, -spotted and blotched with pale straw-yellow on top and sides of head, -neck, body, limbs and tail; largest blotches, on sides of neck, 2 by 4 -millimetres. Lower surfaces dirty yellowish white. - - Length to anus 72[1] 38 58 66 67 75 - Length of tail 64 33 50 52 56 71 - Snout to gular fold 20 11 17 18 19 20 - Nostril to orbit 4 2½ 3 4 3½ 4 - Fore limb 21 13 18 19 20 22 - Hind limb 24 15 20 20 22 24 - -[Footnote 1: Type.] - -Sixteen specimens were collected by Mr. Fuchs on South Farallon -Island, February 8, 1899, and four by Mr. L. M. Loomis, July 9, 1896. -They were found under piles of loose stone. - -The spots on the type specimen are larger and somewhat more numerous -than on any of the others. - - - SAN MIGUEL ISLAND. - -I know of no records of reptiles or amphibians from San Miguel Island. -Two species of lizards and a _Batrachoseps_ were secured on this -island by Mr. R. H. Beck while collecting for the California Academy -of Sciences. - - - =1. Batrachoseps pacificus= _Cope_. - - PLATE III. - - _Hemidactylium pacificum_ COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. - Phila. 1865, p. 195. - - _Batrachoseps pacificus_ COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. - Phila. 1869, pp. 97, 98; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. - no. 24, 1882, p. 153 [part?]; BOULENGER, Cat. Batrach. - Grad. 1882, p. 59; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, - 1889, p. 129 [part?]. - -_Batrachoseps pacificus_ was described by Professor Cope, in 1865, -from a specimen said to have been collected at Santa Barbara, -California. Two specimens from San Francisco were afterward referred -to this species. All of the specimens I have examined from both these -localities are of the common form known as _B. attenuatus_. I was, -therefore, inclined to doubt the existence of _B. pacificus_ as a -distinct species until I examined eight specimens collected by Dr. -Eisen on Santa Rosa Island in 1897. In March, 1903, Mr. R. H. Beck -secured on San Miguel a large series of a _Batrachoseps_ which seems -to differ in no respect from that found on Santa Rosa Island, but -which is very distinct from the species of the mainland. - -These island salamanders agree in all important points with the -original description of _B. pacificus_, but since the published -descriptions of this species are not very complete, I sent a specimen -from San Miguel Island to my friend Dr. Stejneger with a request that -he compare it directly with the type. This he has very kindly done, -and his conclusion is as follows: - -"I have carefully compared it with the type of _Batrachoseps -pacificus_ and find them to agree completely. I have no doubt they -represent the same species. As for the origin of our specimen I can -only say that our record book shows the following entry: '6733. -_Batrichoseps pacificus_ (Type) Santa Barbara Cal. Dr. Hayes. 1881 -Oct. 28. 1.' This entry is evidently made many years after the -numbering of the specimen which took place in 1866, probably at the -time tin-tags were substituted for the old labels most of which were -destroyed as in this case. The entry is in an unknown boyish hand -and is probably made from the destroyed label. The double error, -_i_ in _Batrachoseps_ and _e_ in Hays, shows that it was made by an -ignoramus. I can find no other record of specimens received from the -same source, but in the S. I. reports from 1864-67 I find noted that -a Dr. W. W. Hays sent birds and fishes to the museum from 'Southern -California'. The Santa Barbara locality is therefore not above -suspicion. The other two specimens credited in Cope's Man. Batr. p. -130 to _B. pacificus_, viz. No. 4006 San Francisco, Cal. R. D. Cutts, -have not been seen here since I took charge of the collection in 1889. -In the record book there is entered in the remark column 'Destroyed -(C)' (C) standing for Cope. The specific name _Batrachoseps pacificus_ -is in Cope's handwriting, while the locality San Francisco and the -name of the collector are in Prof. Baird's hand." - -In the light of all this it appears that the type of _Batrachoseps -pacificus_ may perhaps have been secured on some fishing trip from -Santa Barbara to Santa Rosa or San Miguel, and that the specimens from -San Francisco most probably were misidentified by Cope. - -_Batrachoseps pacificus_ is a larger species than _Batrachoseps -attenuatus_. Its general appearance, owing to the greater broadness -of head and body, is very suggestive of the various species of -_Plethodon_. This resemblance is carried further in one specimen by -the presence of five digits on one hind foot. Structurally, however, -the species is a true _Batrachoseps_; that is to say, the tongue is -adherent anteriorly, the digits are normally 4-4, the premaxillary is -single, and there is a large parietal fontanelle. - - _Diagnosis._--Costal grooves usually seventeen (rarely sixteen - or eighteen); head much broader than body; color yellowish brown - above, white or yellow below. - - _Description._--General form elongate, slender; body cylindric - or somewhat flattened; tail conical, a little longer than - head and body; head depressed, rather broad, nearly circular - in outline from above; snout rounded or truncate from above, - truncate and high in profile; eyes large and rather prominent, - separated anteriorly by about the length of the orbital slit; - nostrils small, near corners of snout, separated by a little - more than their distance from orbits; a very indistinct subnasal - groove, not extending to margin of lip; upper jaw overhanging - lower; line of lip nearly straight to below eye, then deflected - downward; palatine teeth in 2 nearly straight very oblique - series which nearly meet on the median line posteriorly and - anteriorly do not extend to the internal nares; parasphenoid - teeth separated by a narrow space posteriorly but confluent - anteriorly, extending nearly to the palatine series; internal - nares rather small, in front of the anterior ends of the - series of palatine teeth; tongue large, oval, not emarginate, - attached along the median line, free laterally and posteriorly; - neck not distinct from body, with several vertical and 2 or - 3 longitudinal grooves; gular fold well marked, continued - forward on side of neck to eye; 1 or 2 indistinct grooves - anterior to gular fold; costal grooves between limbs usually - 17, occasionally 16 or 18,[2] continued nearly to midline on - back and belly; limbs short, weak, each with 4 digits; digits - with rounded knob-like ends, inner digit short, rudimental, - others well-developed, second and fourth nearly equal, third - longest, web small or absent; tail more slender than body, with - well-marked lateral grooves; a more or less indistinct dorsal - longitudinal groove, most distinct on neck and pelvic region; - skin smooth with minute pits; adpressed limbs widely separated. - - [Footnote 2: In fifty specimens the costal grooves are 17 in - forty, 16 in six, and 18 in four.] - - The color above in alcoholic specimens is yellowish brown - (cinnamon to mummy brown) paler on the head and limbs and often - becoming fawn-color on the tail. The upper lip and all the lower - surfaces are white or dull yellow. Young specimens are much - darker than adults, and the lower surfaces often are minutely - dotted with brown. - - Length to anus 25 36 49 52 52 56 - Length of tail 20 31 64 56 63 59 - Width of head 3½ 5 7 6½ 7 8 - Snout to orbit 2 2 3 3 3 3 - Snout to gular fold 6 7½ 10 10 10 10½ - Snout to fore limb 7 10 13 13 14 14 - Between limbs 15 22 31 36 33 38 - Fore limb 5 7 9 9 8½ 9 - Hind limb 5½ 7½ 9½ 9½ 9½ 10 - - - =2. Sceloporus becki= sp. nov. - - PLATE IV. - -The _Sceloporus_ of the mainland at Santa Barbara is the ordinary _S. -occidentalis_; that is to say, it is the smaller form with a complete -series of scales between the large supraoculars and the median head -plates, with from thirty-five to forty-six dorsal scales between the -interparietal plate and the back of the thighs, with keeled scales -on the back of the thigh, and with two blue patches on the throat. -Five specimens from San Miguel Island resemble this species closely -in size, but are more nearly like _S. biseriatus_ in coloration, -and differ from both in the possession of certain characters most -unusual in a member of the _S. undulatus_ group. I take pleasure in -naming this island form in honor of Mr. R. H. Beck, who collected the -specimens. - - _Diagnosis._--Frontal and parietal plates separated from - enlarged supraoculars by a series of small scales or granules; - frontoparietal plate in contact with enlarged supraoculars; - scales on back of thigh smaller than those in front of anus; - 43-48 dorsals between interparietal and back of thighs; scales - on back of thigh keeled; whole throat and chin blue crossed by - diagonal black lines which unite posteriorly with a large black - patch extending across throat from shoulder to shoulder. - - _Type._--Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4537, San Miguel - Island, California, R. H. Beck, March 26, 1903. - - _Description._--Head and body little depressed; nostril opening - much nearer to end of snout than to orbit; upper head shields - smooth, moderately large and slightly convex, interparietal - largest; frontal divided transversely; parietal and frontal - plates separated from enlarged supraoculars by a series of small - plates or granules; frontoparietal in contact with enlarged - supraoculars; superciliaries long and strongly imbricate; middle - subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral plate - of moderate height but great width; labials long, low and nearly - rectangular; symphyseal large and pentangular; some series of - enlarged sublabials; gulars smooth, imbricate, often emarginate - posteriorly; ear-opening large, slightly oblique, with anterior - denticulation of smooth acuminate scales; scales on back - equal-sized, keeled, mucronate with slight denticulation, and - arranged in nearly parallel longitudinal rows; lateral scales - smaller and directed obliquely upward; upper and anterior - surfaces of limbs with strongly keeled and mucronate scales; - posterior surface of thigh with small, acuminate, keeled scales; - ventral scales much smaller than dorsals, smooth, imbricate, and - usually bicuspid; tail furnished with slightly irregular whorls - of strongly keeled and pointed scales which are much larger and - rougher above than below, where they are smooth proximally; - femoral pores 14-16; 9-12 dorsal scales equaling length of - shielded part of head; number of scales in a row between - interparietal plate and a line connecting posterior surfaces of - thighs varying from 43-48; males with enlarged postanal plates. - - The color above is grayish, brownish, or greenish blue, with a - series of dark brown blotches on each side of the back. A pale - longitudinal band separates the dorsal from the lateral regions. - The sides are brownish or grayish, mottled with darker brown - and dotted or suffused with green or pale blue. The head is - usually crossed by narrow brown lines, more or less irregular in - distribution. A brown line connects the orbit and upper corner - of the ear, and is continued backward on the neck. There is a - large blue patch on each side of the belly, bordered internally - with black in highly colored males. The chin and throat are - blue, pale anteriorly and changing to black posteriorly, crossed - by narrow oblique black lines which converge posteriorly and - blend with the black patches on the throat and in front of the - shoulders in males. There is a white patch at each side of the - anus, and a yellowish white band along the series of femoral - pores. - - Length to anus 64 66 70 70[3] - Length of tail 76 68 78 79 - Snout to ear 14 13 14 16 - Width of head 14 12 14 15 - Shielded part of head 14 13 14 15 - Fore limb 27 26 27 30 - Hind limb 41 39 41 46 - Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 16 15 16 18 - -[Footnote 3: Type.] - -This species is in general appearance similar to _S. occidentalis_, -but differs in the contact of the frontoparietal and supraocular -shields, the coloration of the throat, and the somewhat more feeble -carination and mucronation of its dorsal and caudal scales. Specimens -from Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz islands, as stated below, seem to show -that this form has been developed from _S. biseriatus_ stock. - -Five specimens (Nos. 4534-4538) in the collection of the California -Academy of Sciences were secured by Mr. R. H. Beck on San Miguel -Island, March 26, 1903. - - - =3. Gerrhonotus scincicauda= _Skilton_. - -One specimen (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4539) was taken by Mr. Beck on San -Miguel Island, March 26, 1903. It has dorsals in 14½ × 49 rows, -temporals smooth, scales on arm and forearm smooth, and dark ventral -lines along the middles of the scale rows. It seems to differ from -the Santa Rosa Island specimens only in the slightly more feeble -carination of the scales generally, the small size of the azygous -prefrontal and of the scales on the under surface of the forearm, and -a tendency toward the formation of fourteen rows of ventral scales -shown by the presence of a few small scales along the edge of each -lateral fold in addition to the usual twelve longitudinal rows. There -are sixty-six ventrals in a row between the chin and the anus. - - - SANTA ROSA ISLAND. - -I have examined one species of _Batrachoseps_ and two kinds of lizards -from this island. The _Gerrhonotus_ has already been reported from the -island, the others are new to its known fauna. - - - =1. Batrachoseps pacificus= _Cope_. - -Dr. Gustav Eisen secured eight specimens of _Batrachoseps_ on Santa -Rosa Island in June, 1897. These are now in the collection of the -Academy (Nos. 3877-3880 and 3891-3894) and seem to differ in no -respect from the form found on San Miguel Island. All have seventeen -costal grooves. - -The measurements of these specimens are - - Length to anus 21 22 24 32 33 35 41 42 - Length of tail 14 16 21 23 23 .. 46 27 - Width of head 3 3 3¾ 5 4½ 5 5 6 - Snout to orbit 1½ 1¼ 1½ 2 2¼ 2 2¼ 2½ - Snout to gular fold 5 5 6 7¼ 7 8 8½ 9½ - Snout to fore limb 6 6 8 10 9 10 12 12 - Between limbs 13 14 15 21 19 23 26 26 - Fore limb 4½ 4 5 6¼ 6 6 7¼ 8 - Hind limb 4½ 4 5 6½ 6 6¼ 7½ 8 - - - =2. Sceloporus biseriatus becki= _Van Denburgh_. - -A series of eight _Scelopori_ collected on Santa Rosa Island by Dr. -Gustav Eisen in June, 1897, seems to show that the differentiation -from _S. biseriatus_ has not progressed so far on this island as on -San Miguel.[4] Thus although all the adult specimens from Santa Rosa -Island show the coloration of the San Miguel Island form, only two -have the typical arrangement of the supraoculars, while the other -six specimens have the frontoparietal separated from the enlarged -supraoculars. The less highly colored young males show a single -median blue throat patch, as in _S. biseriatus_, indicating that the -island lizard is more closely related to that species than to _S. -occidentalis_. - -[Footnote 4: Dr. Merriam tells me that a parallel is found in the -island foxes, whose characters are constant on San Miguel but not on -the other islands.] - -The fact that the characters of this form seem to be constant on -San Miguel while varying toward _S. biseriatus_ on Santa Rosa and -Santa Cruz islands raises an interesting question in nomenclature: -Should the San Miguel Island form be regarded as a species or as a -subspecies? If these lizards inhabited a peninsula one would use a -trinomial for them all, but since they are found on well separated -islands the facts seem to be best expressed by the nomenclature -adopted above. - - - 3. =Gerrhonotus scincicauda= _Skilton_. - - PLATE VII, FIGS. 3-4. - - _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, - Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 106. - -I am unable to distinguish six specimens (Cal. Acad. Sci. Nos. -3881-3883 and 3896-3898) collected on Santa Rosa Island from the -species now known as _G. scincicauda_; that is to say, the form with -fourteen longitudinal rows of scales, single interoccipital plate, -large azygous prefrontal, longitudinal lines along the middle of each -row of ventral scales, and smooth temporals. This clearly is the form -to which Baird and Girard applied the name _G. scincicauda_, but that -it is the species originally described by Skilton seems far from -certain.[5] - -[Footnote 5: Skilton's description, which seems to apply rather to the -species afterward named by Baird and Girard _Gerrhonotus principis_, -is as follows: - -"=Tropidolepis scincicauda=, n. s. Slender, tail much longer than -body, cylindrical. Dermal plates of the body and tail, carinate above, -smooth beneath, verticillate. The carinate plates in nine rows. Color, -dusky green above, light ash color below. A row of small dark spots on -each flank. Another row of smaller ones along the vertebral line. Some -of the dark colored scales on the flanks tipped with a whitish color. -Length five to five and a half inches." - -The plate accompanying Skilton's article is so poor as to throw no -light on this question, and it seems best to make no change in the -nomenclature until some one has examined Skilton's specimens, one of -which, according to Yarrow's Catalogue, is No. 3089 of the National -Museum collection.] - -The specimens from Santa Rosa Island all have dorsals in fourteen -longitudinal series. The number of transverse series between the -interoccipital plate and the backs of the thighs is fifty in one -specimen, fifty-one in three, fifty-two in one, and fifty-three -in one. One has the brachial scales very weakly keeled. They were -collected by Dr. Gustav Eisen in June, 1897. - - - SANTA CRUZ ISLAND. - -A _Hyla_ and two species of lizards have heretofore been recorded -as inhabiting Santa Cruz Island. Another lizard is here reported for the -first time. - - - =1. Hyla regilla= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Hyla regilla_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, - 1882, p. 171; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, - p. 360. - -Yarrow and Cope record this species as having been collected on -Santa Cruz Island by Mr. H. W. Henshaw in June, 1875, but another -portion of the same lot of specimens (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8686) is -stated to be from Santa Cruz, California. Mr. Henshaw tells me he -never has collected in Santa Cruz County, and that these specimens -unquestionably came from Santa Cruz Island where he collected in the -summer of 1875. - - - =2. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Uta stansburiana_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. - 24, 1882, p. 56; TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, - 1890, p. 144; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. - Sci. 5, 1897, p. 68; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 - (1900), p. 310. - -The register of the United States National Museum states that two -specimens of this lizard (No. 8619) were collected by Dr. O. Loew, -on Santa Cruz Island in June, 1875. These lizards are still in the -National collection and are of considerable interest since they, and -two from Ana Capa Island, are the only ones I have seen which approach -the San Benito Island _Uta_ (described below) in the character of -their dorsal lepidosis. That these specimens actually were collected -by Dr. Loew on Santa Cruz Island is, I think, open to little doubt, -since he, with Mr. H. W. Henshaw and Dr. J. T. Rothrock, visited this -island in June, 1875.[6] - -[Footnote 6: See Report, Chief of Engineers, U. S. A. 1876, pt. 3, -pp. 435, 445, etc.] - -A series of eight specimens collected on Santa Cruz Island, February -7, 1889, by Mr. C. H. Townsend of the U. S. Fish Commission, (U. S. -Nat. Mus. Nos. 15909-15917) are all of the ordinary _Uta stansburiana_ -type with imbricate dorsals and mucronate caudals. Four others, taken -by Mr. Joseph Grinnell at Friar's Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, are also -of the usual type. These have femoral pores 13-14, 15-15, 12-13, and -15-15. - - - =3. Sceloporus biseriatus becki= _Van Denburgh_. - -Mr. Joseph Grinnell has kindly sent me five specimens of the -_Sceloporus_ of Santa Cruz Island, three of which he has given to the -Academy. All five show the characteristic coloration of _S. becki_. -Three have the supraoculars in contact with the frontoparietals on -both sides of the head, one has these scales in contact on one side -but separated on the other, and the fifth specimen has granules -intervening on both sides. - - - =4. Gerrhonotus scincicauda= _Skilton_. - - _Gerrhonotus scincicaudus_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. - Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 48; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, - Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 106. - - _Gerrhonotus multicarinatus_ COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. - Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 525. - -Yarrow and Cope record two specimens (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8626) -collected on Santa Cruz Island by Mr. H. W. Henshaw in June, 1875. One -of these is still in the National Museum, where I examined it some -years ago. - - - ANA CAPA ISLAND. - -I believe no reptiles have been recorded from Ana Capa. Only the -following species has come into my hands. - - - =1. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. - -Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me seven specimens collected on Ana -Capa Island, September 4, 1903. Five of these are typical _U. -stansburiana_, but the other two have dorsals similar to those of the -two specimens collected by Dr. Loew on Santa Cruz Island; that is to -say, they approach in this respect the _Uta_ of San Benito Island. The -dorsal scales, however, are well keeled and the caudals are of the -normal type. The femoral pores in the Ana Capa specimens are 14-14, -14-15, 14-?, 14-15, 14-14, 14-15, and 14-15. - - - SAN NICOLAS ISLAND. - -San Nicolas Island is the type locality of _Xantusia riversiana_. No -other reptile has been found there. - - - =1. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. - - PLATE V, FIG. 2. - - _Xantusia riversiana_ COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. - Phila. 1883, p. 29; RIVERS, Am. Nat. v. 23, 1889, p. - 1100; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, - 1895, p. 534; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. - Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1898 (1900), p. 552. - -In describing this species Cope failed to state where his specimens -were collected. Rivers later assigned them to San Nicolas Island, but -the matter has remained open to question. I am, therefore, very glad -to be able to record the fact that Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me -three specimens of this _Xantusia_ taken by himself on San Nicolas -Island, May 22-23, 1897. One of these specimens is uniform drab, with -a few dark spots. The others are of the handsome striped style of -coloration (see plate). - - - SANTA BARBARA ISLAND. - -I believe no reptiles or amphibians have been recorded from this -island. I have seen only the following species: - - - =1. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. - -Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me four Xantusias from Santa Barbara -Island. They are smaller than the specimens I have seen from the other -islands, but seem to differ in no other respect. The largest is 64 -mm. from snout to vent. All are dark drab above with small, discrete -black spots. One shows traces of longitudinal dorsal bands near the -tail. - - - SANTA CATALINA ISLAND. - -One salamander, two lizards, and a rattlesnake have been taken on -Santa Catalina. - - - =1. Batrachoseps attenuatus= (_Eschscholtz_). - -A single specimen collected at Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, by Mr. -A. M. Drake (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 3726) seems indistinguishable from -the mainland species. It has nineteen costal grooves, slender limbs, -and narrow head. The coloration is uniform slaty brown above, paler -below. Three specimens secured on this island by Mr. Fuchs differ from -this one only in the slightly paler coloration. - - - =2. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Uta stansburiana_ COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 - (1900), p. 311. - -This lizard has been recorded from Santa Catalina by Professor Cope. -Two specimens collected at Avalon by Mr. J. I. Carlson are in the -collection of the Academy (Nos. 4754 and 4755). They seem to be fairly -typical _U. stansburiana_ with moderately imbricate dorsals. The -femoral pores are thirteen or fourteen. - - - =3. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. - - _Xantusia riversiana_ RIVERS, Am. Nat. v. 23, 1889, p. - 1100; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, - 1895, p. 534; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. - Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132. - -I have seen no specimens of this lizard from Santa Catalina, but Mr. -J. J. Rivers states that he has received several from this island. - - - =4. Crotalus oregonus= _Holbrook_. - - _Crotalus lucifer_ YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. - 24, 1882, p. 76; STEJNEGER, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1893 (1895), p. 447. - -Yarrow records a rattlesnake as having been taken by Mr. P. Schumacher -on Santa Catalina Island in 1876. Stejneger also refers to its -presence there. I have seen no snakes from any of the Californian -islands. - - - SAN CLEMENTE ISLAND. - -Two species of lizards are known from this island. - - - =1. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Uta stansburiana_ TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. - 13, 1890, p. 144; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. Papers, Cal. - Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 68; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. - Mus. 1898 (1900), pp. 310, 311. - -Two specimens were taken on San Clemente Island by C. H. Townsend in -1889. Mr. A. W. Anthony and Dr. E. A. Mearns also found the species -there and sent specimens to the National Museum. - -I have examined those collected by Mr. Townsend and Mr. Anthony and -six specimens sent me by Mr. Joseph Grinnell, of which three are now -in the collection of the Academy, and am unable to distinguish the -island lizards from the form originally described by Baird and Girard. -The femoral pores in three specimens are eleven, twelve, and fourteen. - - - =2. Xantusia riversiana= _Cope_. - - PLATE V, FIG. 1. - - _Xantusia riversiana_ COPE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. - v. 12, 1889, p. 147; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 534; VAN DENBURGH, Occas. - Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132; COPE, Report, - U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), pp. 552, 553. - -This lizard was found on San Clemente by Mr. C. H. Townsend. I have -examined several specimens in the collections of the University of -California and the California Academy of Sciences without finding -differences between them and specimens from San Nicolas and Santa -Barbara Islands. - - - LOS CORONADOS. - -I believe that only one reptile from Los Coronados is represented in -collections, but I am informed that several other kinds, including -_Gerrhonotus_ and _Hypsiglena_, occur on these islands[7]. - -[Footnote 7: Since this was written I have been informed by Dr. F. -Baker, of San Diego, that he has taken the following reptiles on these -islands:-- - - North Coronado: - _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ [_ignavus?_], July 3, 1898, - _Eumeces skiltonianus_, July 3, 1898. - South Coronado: - _Uta stansburiana_, July 3, 1898, - _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ [_ignavus?_], July 3, 1898, - _Cnemidophorus stejnegeri_, July 3, 1898, - _Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus_, August 13, 1898, - _Crotalus_ [_oregonus_], August 13, 1898. -] - - - =1. Crotalus oregonus= _Holbrook_. - - _Crotalus adamanteus atrox_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. - Mus. no. 7, 1877, p. 40; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. - no. 24, 1882, p. 75 [part]. - - _Crotalus atrox_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d - ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 156 [part]. - - _Crotalus lucifer_ STEJNEGER, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1893 (1895), pp. 445, 447. - - _Crotalus confluentus confluentus_ COPE, Report, U. S. - Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 1173 [part]. - -Streets recorded as _Crotalus adamanteus atrox_ a rattlesnake which he -secured on Los Coronados. Dr. Stejneger has shown that this specimen, -which is still in the National Museum, is a Pacific Rattlesnake. - - - SAN MARTIN ISLAND. - -The only reptile heretofore known from San Martin is a gopher snake -found by Dr. Streets. The Academy has also specimens of two species -of lizards from the island, both of which are here described as new. -The _Uta_ probably is confined to the island, while the _Gerrhonotus_ -seems to be found throughout the San Diegan Fauna. - - - =1. Uta martinensis= sp. nov. - - PLATE VI. - - _Diagnosis._--Similar to _U. stansburiana_ but larger; fifth - toe reaching to or beyond end of second; dorsals imbricate, - mucronate, strongly keeled; scales on upper surfaces of arm - and thigh keeled; scales of ear-denticulation longer than the - longest diameter of largest temporal; caudals large, imbricate, - strongly keeled and mucronate. - - _Type._--Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4698, San Martin - Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. - - _Description of the Type._--Body and head considerably - depressed; snout low, rounded; nostrils large, opening upward - and outward nearer to end of snout than to orbit; head plates - large, smooth, nearly flat, interparietal largest; frontal - divided transversely; 3 or 4 enlarged supraoculars, separated - from the frontals and frontoparietals by 1 series of small - plates; superciliaries long, narrow and projecting; central - subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral and - supralabials long and low; 6 supralabials; symphyseal small, - followed on each side by a series of 5 or more large plates - which are separated from the infralabials by 1 or 2 series of - sublabials; gular region covered with smooth, hexagonal or - rounded scales changing to granules on the sides of the neck and - to larger imbricate scales on the strong gular fold, largest - on the denticulate edge of gular fold where larger than scales - on belly; a group of enlarged plates in front of ear-opening; - ear denticulation very long, of 3 scales, largest exceeding - in length longest diameter of largest plate in front of ear; - back covered centrally with nearly uniform imbricate, keeled - scales which change gradually to granules on neck and sides of - body, and become mucronate posteriorly; scales largest on tail, - strongly imbricate, strongly keeled and mucronate above and - on sides; posterior surfaces of thighs and arms covered with - small granular scales similar to those on sides of body; other - surfaces of limbs provided with imbricate scales, keeled on - upper surfaces of arm, forearm, thigh, leg, and foot; adpressed - fore limb not reaching insertion of thigh; fifth finger reaching - about to end of second; fifth toe reaching to or beyond end of - second; femoral pores 15; 17-23 of largest dorsals equaling - shielded part of head. - - Head above grayish olive; central portion of neck and back dark - brown, with 2 series of rather indefinite darker brown blotches - each bordered behind and sometimes laterally by pale blue - scales; some scattered pale blue dots on back and upper surfaces - of limbs and tail; tail marbled with brown and blue; sides - mottled with brown and pale bluish yellow, forming stripes on - sides of neck; chin and gular region indigo, mottled with bluish - yellow at sides; postaxillary blotch blackish indigo; lower - surfaces of body, limbs and tail grayish indigo. - - Length to anus 62 - Length of tail 92 - Snout to ear 15 - Shielded part of head 14 - Width of head 13 - Fore limb 26 - Hind limb 46 - Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 18 - Fifth toe 10 - -Only one specimen of this _Uta_ was secured. - - - =2. Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus= subsp. nov. - - PLATE VII, FIGS. 1-2. - - _Diagnosis._--Similar to _G. scincicauda_ but with scales - generally more strongly carinate; temporal scales keeled; dorsal - and caudal scales strongly keeled; scales of arm and forearm - keeled; lower lateral caudals keeled; dorsals in 14 (sometimes - 12-2/2) longitudinal rows; dark lines along the middles of - ventral rows; azygous prefrontal large; interoccipital single; - back usually with complete dark cross-bands. - - _Type._--Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4699, San Martin Island, Lower - California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. - - _Description._--Body long and rather slender, with short limbs - and very long tail; head pointed with flat top and nearly - vertical sides, its temporal regions often greatly swollen in - old specimens; rostral plate rounded in upper outline; on top - of head behind rostral a pair of small internasals, a pair of - small frontonasals, a very large azygous prefrontal, a pair of - large prefrontals, a long frontal, a pair of frontoparietals, 2 - parietals separated by an interparietal, a pair of occipitals, - and an interoccipital; 2 series (of 5 and 3) supraoculars and a - series of small superciliaries; temporal scales keeled, lower - sometimes only weakly; upper labials much larger than lower; - 2 series of large sublabial plates below infralabials, lower - larger; gular scales smooth and imbricate; scales on arm and - forearm keeled; scales on upper surfaces and sides of neck, - body and tail large, rhomboidal, slightly oblique, strongly - keeled, strengthened with bony plates, and arranged in both - transverse and longitudinal series; number of longitudinal - dorsal series 12-2/2-14; number of transverse series between - interoccipital plate and backs of thighs 42-43; a band of - granules along each side from large ear-opening to anus, usually - hidden by a strong fold; ventral plates about size of dorsals, - smooth, imbricate and arranged in 12 longitudinal series; number - of scales between symphyseal plate and anus 60-63. - - The ground color above is olive-brown, more grayish on the - sides, crossed by from 9-11 dark bands. These dark bands may be - brown or brownish black, continuous or broken, and are darker - laterally, where their scales are tipped with white. Tail - proximally marked like back, distally unicolor. Head and limbs - unicolor or with traces of olive-brown mottlings. Lower surfaces - suffused with gray, edges of scales lighter, darker gray or - slate-colored lines along the middle of each longitudinal scale - row. - - Length to anus 103 110 117[8] - Length of tail 167 128[2] 125[9] - Snout to ear 21 25 26 - Width of head 14 19 20 - Head to interoccipital 17 20 21 - Fore limb 27 30 33 - Hind limb 34 38 41 - Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 11 12 13 - -[Footnote 8: Type.] - -[Footnote 9: Reproduced.] - -The three specimens of _Gerrhonotus_ from San Martin Island are -very similar to the species now known as _G. scincicauda_, but are -much rougher than specimens from central and northern California. -Reëxamination of the Californian material at hand shows that the San -Martin Island form is found throughout the San Diegan Fauna and the -western slope of the southern Sierra Nevada below the range of _G. -palmeri_. It may be distinguished from its more northern relative by -the following synopsis of characters:-- - - a.--Temporals smooth; scales on arm smooth; scales on forearm - smooth or weakly keeled; lateral caudals five scales behind anus - smooth 6-9 rows from inferior mid-caudal line. - =G. scincicauda.= - - a.^{2}--Temporals keeled; scales on arm keeled; scales on - forearm keeled; lateral caudals 5 scales behind anus smooth only - 4-5 rows from inferior mid-caudal line. - =G. s. ignavus.= - - - =3. Pituophis catenifer= (_Blainville_). - - _Pituophis sayi bellona_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. - no. 7, 1877, p. 40; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. - 24, 1882, p. 106; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 - (1900), p. 876. - - _Pituophis catenifer deserticola_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. - Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, P. 149. - -A young gopher snake taken on San Martin Island by Dr. Streets is -still in the National Museum. The Academy has an adult specimen (No. -4702) collected there by Mr. Beck, May 3, 1903. - - - SAN BENITO ISLAND. - -I know of no records of reptiles from San Benito. The Academy has -received specimens of but one kind of lizard, which is here described -as new. - - - =1. Uta stellata= sp. nov. - - PLATE VIII. - - _Diagnosis._--Similar to _U. stansburiana_, but with dorsal - scales not imbricate, not mucronate, often separated by minute - granules, a few of the dorsal rows weakly keeled; caudals weakly - keeled and very shortly mucronate, not imbricate; fifth toe not - reaching end of second. - - _Type._--Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4704, San Benito - Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 6, 1903. - - _Description._--Body and head considerably depressed; snout - low, rounded and rather long; nostrils large, opening upward - and outward nearer to end of snout than to orbit; head plates - large, smooth, nearly flat, interparietal largest; frontal - divided transversely; 4 or 5 enlarged supraoculars, separated - from the frontals by 1 and from the frontoparietals by 2 series - of granules; superciliaries long, narrow and projecting; central - subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral and - supralabials long and low; 6 or 7 supralabials; symphyseal - moderately small, followed by 2 or 3 pairs of larger plates - separated from the infralabials by 1 or 2 series of moderately - enlarged sublabials; gular region covered with small, smooth, - hexagonal or rounded scales which change gradually to granules - on sides of neck and to larger imbricate scales on the strong - gular fold, largest on denticulate edge of gular fold where - somewhat larger than ventrals; several enlarged plates in - front of ear-opening; ear denticulation short, of 3 scales, - the largest not exceeding in length diameter of largest plate - in front of ear; back covered with tubercular scales of nearly - uniform size becoming granular toward neck and sides of body, - scales of central rows very weakly keeled, not imbricate, not - mucronate, often separated by minute granules; scales largest on - tail, very weakly keeled, shortly mucronate above and on sides, - not imbricate; posterior surfaces of thighs and arms covered - with small granular scales similar to those on sides of body; - other surfaces of limbs provided with imbricate scales, smooth - on arm and nearly smooth on forearm and thigh, keeled on upper - surface of leg; femoral pores 15 and 16; 26-30 largest dorsals - equal shielded part of head; fifth finger not reaching end of - second; fifth toe not reaching end of second; adpressed fore - limb not reaching insertion of thigh. - - Head above uniform olive-brown; central portion of the neck, - back and base of tail with a uniform brown ground with thickly - scattered dots of pale blue on single scales; sides yellowish - brown with scattered scales of pale yellow; upper surfaces of - limbs and tail light brown dotted with pale blue; chin and - gular region deep indigo with yellowish marks laterally and on - labials; lower surfaces of body and limbs grayish indigo; large - postaxillary blotch of blackish indigo. - - _Female._--Similar in all respects except femoral pores 13 and - 15; light dots on back, limbs and tail indistinct; 2 rows of - dark brown dorsal blotches becoming 1 row on tail; an indistinct - series of brown lateral blotches; limbs with faint brown - cross-bars. - - Sex ♀ ♂ (type) - Length to anus 49 61 - Length of tail 59 76 - Snout to ear 11 14 - Shielded part of head 11 13 - Width of head 10 12 - Fore limb 22 26 - Hind limb 37 43 - Base of fifth to end of fourth toe 15 18 - -Two specimens of this lizard were secured. - - - CERROS ISLAND. - -One amphibian and seven reptiles have been recorded from Cerros or -Cedros Island. I have no specimens from this island. - - =1. Hyla regilla= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Hyla regilla_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 7, - 1877, p. 35; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, - 1882, p. 171; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, - p. 360; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. - 5, 1895, p. 556. - - _Hyla curla_ BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, - 1887, p. 99. - -Found by Dr. Streets near a spring of fresh water on the southeastern -side of the island. It was also taken by Mr. Belding. - - - =2. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Uta stansburiana_ STREETS, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. - 7, 1877, p. 37; YARROW, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, - 1882, p. 57; BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, - 1887, p. 98; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d - ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 105; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1898 (1900), p. 310. - -This _Uta_ was collected by Dr. Streets and Mr. Belding. - - - =3. Sceloporus zosteromus= _Cope_. - - _Sceloporus clarki clarki_ BELDING, West Am. Scientist, - v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 99. - - _Sceloporus zosteromus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. - Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 498; MOCQUARD, Nouv. Arch. Mus. - sér. 4, v. 1, 1899, p. 314. - -This lizard has been taken only by Mr. Belding. - - - =4. Phrynosoma cerroense= _Stejneger_. - - _Phrynosoma hernandezi_ BELDING, West Am. Scientist, v. - 3, 1887, p. 99. - - _Phrynosoma cerroense_ STEJNEGER, N. Am. Fauna, no. 7, - 1893, p. 187; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d - ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 119; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1898 (1900), p. 428, fig. 75. - -This form is known from a single specimen collected by Mr. Belding. - - - =5. Verticaria hyperythra beldingi= (_Stejneger_). - - _Verticaria beldingi_ STEJNEGER Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1894, p. 17. - - _Verticaria hyperythra beldingi_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. - Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 131. - -Cerros Island is the type locality of this form. - - =6. Cnemidophorus multiscutatus= (_Cope_). - - _Cnemidophorus tessellatus multiscutatus_ COPE, Trans. - Am. Philos. Soc. v. 17, art. 3, 1892, p. 38; COPE, - Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 586. - - _Cnemidophorus multiscutatus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. - Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 126. - -Professor Cope described this form from specimens secured on Cerros -Island. - - - =7. Cnemidophorus labialis= _Stejneger_. - - _Cnemidophorus labialis_ STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. - Mus. 1889, p. 643; COPE, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. v. 17, - art. 3, 1892, p. 51; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 128; COPE, Report, U. S. - Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 610. - -Cerros Island is the type locality of this species also. Five -specimens were collected by Mr. Belding. - - - =8. Crotalus exsul= _Garman_. - - _Crotalus exsul_ GARMAN, Mem. Mus. Compar. Zool. Camb. - v. 8, no. 3, 1883, pp. 114, 174; GARMAN, Bull. Essex - Inst. v. 16, no. 1, 1884, p. 35; VAN DENBURGH, Proc. - Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 157. - -Under this name Garman has described from two specimens a small -rattlesnake from Cerros Island. It seems very closely related to _C. -atrox_. - - - NATIVIDAD ISLAND. - -I have seen only one lizard from this island. - - - =1. Uta stansburiana= _Baird & Girard_. - -A single specimen (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4705) of this _Uta_ was secured -on Natividad by Mr. R. H. Beck, May 9, 1903. - - - MAGDALENA ISLAND. - -I have elsewhere recorded six species of lizards from this island. -It is necessary only to mention them here. The specimens are in the -collection of the Academy. - - - =1. Dipsosaurus dorsalis= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Dipsosaurus dorsalis_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 93. - -One was secured by Mr. Bryant in March, 1889. - - =2. Crotaphytus wislizenii= _Baird & Girard_. - - _Crotaphytus copeii?_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 95. - -Upon reëxamination, I am unable to separate two specimens from -Magdalena Island from the common form of this lizard. - - - =3. Uta nigricauda= _Cope_. - - _Uta nigricauda_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d - ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 108. - -Mr. Bryant secured a number of these lizards on Magdalena Island in -1888 and 1889. - - - =4. Sceloporus zosteromus= _Cope_. - - _Sceloporus zosteromus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. - Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 499; MOCQUARD, Nouv. Arch. Mus. - sér. 4, 1899, P. 314; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1898 (1900), p. 358. - -The Academy has eight examples of this lizard taken on Magdalena by -Mr. Bryant in February and March, 1889. - - - =5. Verticaria hyperythra beldingi= (_Stejneger_). - - _Verticaria hyperythra beldingi_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. - Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 132. - -Three specimens were collected by Mr. Bryant in March, 1889. - - - =6. Cnemidophorus rubidus= (_Cope_). - - _Cnemidophorus rubidus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 127. - -A lizard of this species was taken on Magdalena Island in March, 1889, -by Mr. W. E. Bryant. - - - SANTA MARGARITA ISLAND. - -Five reptiles are known from this island. I have not seen specimens of -the _Bascanion_ and cannot judge of its distinctness. - - - =1. Callisaurus ventralis= (_Hallowell_). - - _Callisaurus ventralis_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 98. - -A female of this species, taken on Santa Margarita by Mr. Bryant, -March 5, 1889, is in the collection of the Academy. - - - =2. Sceloporus zosteromus= _Cope_. - - _Sceloporus zosteromus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; BOULENGER, Proc. Zool. - Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 499; MOCQUARD, Nouv. Arch. Mus. - sér. 4, 1899, p. 314; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. - 1898 (1900), p. 358. - -Two examples were secured by Mr. Bryant on Santa Margarita, March 1, -1889. - - - =3. Cnemidophorus rubidus= _Cope_. - - _Cnemidophorus tessellatus rubidus_ COPE, Trans. - Am. Philos. Soc. 1892, p. 36, pl. XII, fig. F; - COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 584, fig. - 110. - - _Cnemidophorus rubidus_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 127. - -Santa Margarita Island is the type locality of this species, which was -described from seven specimens brought back by the _Albatross_. - - - =4. Bascanion laterale fuliginosum= (_Cope_). - - _Bascanion laterale_ COPE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 12, - 1889, p. 147. - - _Zamenis lateralis fuliginosus_ COPE, Am. Nat. v. - 29, 1895, p. 679; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 - (1900), p. 809, fig. 178. - -This snake was described from two specimens taken by the naturalists -of the _Albatross_. I have seen none. - - - =5. Crotalus mitchellii= _Cope_. - - _Crotalus mitchellii_ VAN DENBURGH, Proc. Cal. Acad. - Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 160; COPE, Report, U. S. - Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 1196. - -A single rattlesnake of this species, taken by Mr. W. E. Bryant in -February, 1889, is the only record for this island. - - - SOCORRO ISLAND. - -The following lizard is the only reptile known from this island. - - - =1. Uta auriculata= _Cope_. - - _Uta auriculata_ COPE, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. - 14, 1871, p. 303; BOULENGER, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. v. 2, - 1885, p. 214; COPE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, - p. 35; TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, 1890, p. - 143; COPE, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 300. - -This _Uta_ was first described by Cope in 1871 from material -collected by Grayson. Townsend secured nine specimens which are now in -the National Museum. The California Academy of Sciences has seventeen, -taken by its expedition to the Revilla Gigedo Islands in 1903. - - - CLARION ISLAND. - -Although smaller than Socorro and farther from the mainland, Clarion -Island is better supplied with reptiles than its larger neighbor, -since it possesses a snake as well as a _Uta_, while Socorro has only -a _Uta_. - - - =1. Uta clarionensis= _Townsend_. - - _Uta clarionensis_ TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. - 13, 1890, p. 143; STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. - 23, 1901, p. 715. - -This lizard was first collected by Mr. C. H. Townsend who described it -from five specimens. Mr. A. W. Anthony also secured it, in 1897, and -sent specimens to the National Museum. The Academy has three taken by -Mr. Beck. - - - =2. Bascanion anthonyi= _Stejneger_. - - _Bascanion anthonyi_ STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. - v. 23, 1901, p. 715. - -Dr. Stejneger described this snake from thirteen specimens sent to the -National Museum by Mr. Anthony. The Academy has eight examples of the -species. The scale-rows are seventeen in all these specimens, while -the gastrosteges vary from one hundred and eighty-seven to one hundred -and ninety-six and the urosteges from ninety-three to one hundred and -seven. - - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. - - _Autodax lugubris farallonensis_ subsp. nov. - - _Type_, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3731, South Farallon Island, - California, Charles Fuchs, February 8, 1899. - - Fig. 1. General view, natural size. - Fig. 2. Head from above, × 2. - Fig. 3. Head from below, × 2. - Fig. 4. Head from side, × 2. - Fig. 5. Mouth, × 2½ - Fig. 6. Hind limb, × 2. - Fig. 7. Fore limb, × 2. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^D. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE II. - - MARY WELLMAN. DEL - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. - - _Batrachoseps pacificus_ Cope. - - Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4601, San Miguel Island, California, R. H. - Beck, March 23, 1903. - - Fig. 1. General view, natural size. - Fig. 2. Head and neck from above, × 3. - Fig. 3. Head and neck from below, × 3. - Fig. 4. Head and neck from side, × 3. - Fig. 5. Mouth, × 3½. - Fig. 6. Fore limb, × 3½. - Fig. 7. Hind limb, × 3½. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE III. - - MARY WELLMAN. DEL - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. - - _Sceloporus becki_ sp. nov. - - _Type_, Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4537, San Miguel Island, - California, R. H. Beck, March 26, 1903. - - Fig. 1. General view, natural size. - Fig. 2. Head from below, × 2½. - Fig. 3. Head from above, × 2½. - Fig. 4. Head from side, × 2½. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE IV. - - MARY WELLMAN. DEL - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. E. F. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. - - _Xantusia riversiana_ Cope. - - Fig. 1. Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3571, San Clemente Island, California. - General view, × â…”. - - Fig. 2. Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 6613, San Nicolas Island, California, - Joseph Grinnell, May 22, 1897. Natural size. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE V. - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. - - _Uta martinensis_ sp. nov. - - _Type_, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4698, San Martin Island, Lower - California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. - - Fig. 1. General view, natural size. - Fig. 2. Head from above, × 2½. - Fig. 3. Head from side, × 2½. - Fig. 4. Scales of back, × 3. - Fig. 5. Hind limb, × 1¾. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE VI. - - MARY WELLMAN. DEL - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. - - _Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus_ subsp. nov. - - _Type_, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4699, San Martin Island, Lower - California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903. - - Fig. 1. Head from side, natural size. - Fig. 2. Base of tail from side, natural size. - - _Gerrhonotus scincicauda_ (_Skilton_). - - Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3897, Santa Rosa Island, California, Gustav - Eisen, June 1897. - - Fig. 3. Head from side, natural size. - Fig. 4. Base of tail from side, natural size. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE VII. - - MARY WELLMAN. DEL - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. - - _Uta stellata_ sp. nov. - - _Type_, Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4704, San Benito Island, - Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 6, 1903. - - Fig. 1. General view, natural size. - Fig. 2. Head from side, × 3. - Fig. 3. Head from above, × 3. - Fig. 4. Scales of back, × 3. - Fig. 5. Scales of central part of back, much enlarged. - Fig. 6. Hind limb, × 1¾. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE VIII. - - MARY WELLMAN. DEL - - PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY. S. F. - ] - - - - - PROCEEDINGS - - OF THE - - CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - THIRD SERIES - - ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 2 - - _Issued December 2, 1905_ - - - THE SPECIES OF THE REPTILIAN GENUS ANNIELLA, - WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANNIELLA - TEXANA AND TO VARIATION IN - ANNIELLA NIGRA - - BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH - - _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_ - - -The genus _Anniella_ was established by J. E. Gray[10], in 1852, -to contain a single species which he named _Anniella pulchra_ and -described in the following terms: - -"Silvery (in spirits); upper part with very narrow brown zigzag lines -placed on the margin of the series of scales, the line down the center -of the back and two or three on the upper part of the sides being -thicker and nearly half the width of the scales. - -_Hab._ California, _J. O. Goodridge, Esq., Surgeon R. N._" - -This species has since been more completely described by Bocourt,[11] -Boulenger,[12] Cope,[13] and Van Denburgh.[14] - -[Footnote 10: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d ser. v. 10, 1852, p. 440.] - -[Footnote 11: Miss. Sci. au Mex. Recherches zool. 3d pt. p. 460.] - -[Footnote 12: Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. v. 2, 1885, p. 299.] - -[Footnote 13: Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 674.] - -[Footnote 14: Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 116.] - -In 1885 Fischer[15] described under the name _Anniella nigra_ a -specimen said to have been collected at San Diego, California. -This, he stated, differed from _Anniella pulchra_ in the following -characters: - - 1. Twenty-eight longitudinal rows of scales. - - 2. The three median preanal scales twice as long as those - preceding. - - 3. Tail one-third total length. - - 4. Color above black. - -[Footnote 15: Abh. Nat. Verein Hamburg, v. 9, Hft. 1, 1885, p. 9.] - -I have elsewhere[16] stated that the number of scale rows in _Anniella -pulchra_ varies from twenty-four to thirty-four. The preanal scales -in both the dark and light forms may be small, moderately enlarged, -or twice the length of those preceding. The tail of _A. pulchra_ -may equal or exceed one-third of the total length of the animal. I -have been unable to discover any differences in the squamation of -dark and light specimens; and since the recognition of _A. nigra_ as -distinct from _A. pulchra_ must rest solely upon the difference in -pigmentation, one is tempted to inquire whether this is not merely an -instance of melanism. Upon this subject I shall have more to say, but -I wish first to consider certain peculiarities of squamation which -have been held to distinguish another species. - -[Footnote 16: Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, pp. 116, 118.] - -_Anniella texana_ was described by Mr. Boulenger,[17] in 1887, from -a single specimen labeled El Paso, Texas--a locality so far beyond -the limits of the known range of the genus and of other Californian -reptiles that it must be regarded with much suspicion until confirmed -by the capture of additional specimens. The type of _A. texana_ -agrees in coloration with _Anniella pulchra_, but Mr. Boulenger finds -it to differ in certain details of squamation. He assigns to it the -following characters: - - 1. Head less depressed, snout more rounded than in _A. pulchra_. - - 2. A horizontal suture from nostril to second labial. - - 3. Frontal twice as broad as long. - - 4. Anterior supraocular nearly as broad as its distance from its - fellow. - - 5. Interparietal and occipital divided (anomalously?) by a - longitudinal suture. - - 6. Six upper labials, etc. - - 7. A narrow shield separates the third labial from the loreal. - - 8. Five lower labials. - - 9. Twenty-eight scales around middle of body. - - 10. No enlarged preanal scales. - - 11. Tail ending obtusely, three-eighths total length. - - 12. Dark gray above, with three fine black longitudinal lines; - sides and lower surfaces whitish. - -[Footnote 17: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5th ser. v. 20, 1887, p. 50.] - -I will now consider these characters in connection with variations -found in a series of specimens of _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_. - -1. The shape of the head and snout is subject to some variation in -both _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_. Unless the difference in shape in -the type of _A. texana_ is very great, one is safe in ignoring it as a -basis of specific distinction. - -2. One of my specimens of _A. nigra_ (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 6255) shows -a horizontal suture extending from the nostril to the second labial. -Another (No. 6244) has such a suture between the nostril and the -rostral plate. - -3. There is considerable variation in the shape and size of the -frontal plate in both _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_. It not infrequently -is twice as broad as long (No. 6236, etc.), but may be nearly as long -as broad. Sometimes it nearly touches the rostral (No. 5103). - -4. The anterior supraocular is nearly as broad as the distance which -separates it from its fellow in some specimens of _A. pulchra_ (No. -5110) and _A. nigra_ (Nos. 6233, 6243, 6249, etc.). In some specimens -it has scarcely more than half this breadth. - -5. I regard the plates which Mr. Boulenger calls interparietal and -occipital as frontoparietal and interparietal, respectively. The -former plate is not completely divided in any of my specimens. One -example of _A. pulchra_ (No. 5110), however, has it longitudinally -divided throughout the posterior third of its length. The -interparietal (occipital of Mr. Boulenger) is completely divided -longitudinally in one example of _A. nigra_ (No. 6228) and divided -through one-fifth its length in another (No. 6218). - -6. This is the normal arrangement, but is subject to variation. - -7. This shield may be absent. - -8. The number of lower labials ranges from five to seven. - -9. The number of scales around the middle of the body varies in _A. -pulchra_ from twenty-four to thirty-four, while in 54 specimens of _A. -nigra_ the number is twenty-eight in 12, thirty in 36, and thirty-two -in 6. - -10. The preanal scales, as already stated, may be not enlarged, -moderately enlarged, or twice as long as those preceding them. This is -true in both _A. pulchra_ and _A. nigra_. - -11. The length of the tail is subject to so much variation that it -cannot be regarded as furnishing a good specific character. The -longest ones I have seen are one-third the total length in _A. nigra_ -and two-fifths in _A. pulchra_. - -12. This is the coloration of some specimens of _A. pulchra_. - -It will be seen that, with one exception, all of the characters of -_Anniella texana_ have been found in specimens of _A. pulchra_ and _A. -nigra_ either as the normal condition or as individual variations. -The single exception is the complete division of the frontoparietal -plate--a condition which is manifestly anomalous, since this plate -has been found partially divided in other specimens. It is evident -therefore that _Anniella texana_ must stand as a synonym of _A. -pulchra_ Gray. - -_Anniella texana_ being thus disposed of, one is tempted to treat _A. -nigra_ in the same way, regarding it as based merely upon melanistic -individuals of _A. pulchra_. This view we certainly should have to -adopt if both dark and light colored specimens occurred in the same -localities, but I believe this has not yet been shown to be the case. -Fischer, to be sure, states that the type of _A. nigra_ came from San -Diego, where _A. pulchra_ is especially abundant, but it is quite -possible that his specimen did not really originate there. All of the -dark specimens I have seen, have been secured on the coast of Monterey -County; and, aside from Fischer's, I know of no records of the black -_Anniella_ from any other locality, except Cope's[18] reference to -specimens from San Francisco. Aside from the type locality, then, it -would seem that the dark form has a very limited range, being confined -to the southern part of the Pacific Fauna of the Transition Zone. - -[Footnote 18: Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 675.] - -In a large series of alcoholic specimens from the coast of Monterey -County, I find very few showing a style of coloration similar to that -of _A. pulchra_. A specimen from San Ardo, in the interior of this -county, is typical of _A. pulchra_, but San Ardo is in the Upper -Austral Zone. Not more than four or five of the fifty-four specimens -from the coast zone could be in the least confusing, and all of these -are more deeply pigmented above than is any example of _A. pulchra_ -before me. Forty-eight of these specimens were sent me alive, and in -that condition exhibited a greater range of coloration than they show -since preservation in alcohol, which seems to have intensified their -dark pigmentation while dissolving the beautiful yellow of their lower -surfaces. When the living lizards were received from Carmel and Point -Pinos, they were divided into ten groups according to the intensity of -the dorsal pigmentation, and measurements were taken of each specimen -in each group. These grades of pigmentation of the living specimens, -with measurements in millimeters from snout to anus and anus to tip of -tail, are as follows: - -1. Entire upper surface (ten, twelve, or fourteen rows of scales) -and ventral surface of tip of tail very dark Indian purple. Chin and -throat lighter Indian purple. More or less suffusion with Indian -purple about anus. Rest of lower surfaces and sides bright gamboge -yellow with chromium green staining near center of belly. Mouth -flesh-color. Labials and temporals minutely dotted with iridescent -greenish, silvery, or bronze. Eye black with bronze or silvery -markings. - - 153 15 Lateral line present No dorsal line - 150 73 Lateral line Trace dorsal line - 150 70 Lateral line Trace dorsal line - 150 38 Lateral line No dorsal line - 147 40 No lateral line No dorsal line - 146 75 No lateral line No dorsal line - 146 25 Lateral line No dorsal line - 145 70 Trace lateral line No dorsal line - 143 17 Trace lateral line No dorsal line - 140 68 Lateral line No dorsal line - 140 50 Lateral line No dorsal line - 138 32 Faint trace lateral lines No dorsal line - 137 68 Lateral line Trace dorsal line - 137 47 Lateral line Trace dorsal line - 136 45 Lateral line No dorsal line - 135 65 Lateral line No dorsal line - 135 53 Trace lateral line No dorsal line - 134 65 Lateral line No dorsal line - 133 60 Lateral line No dorsal line - 132 63 Lateral line Trace dorsal line - 131 50 Lateral line No dorsal line - 131 16 Lateral line No dorsal line - 130 34 Lateral line No dorsal line - -2. Dark hair-brown above; bright gamboge below; chin Indian purple. - - 146 70 Lateral line No dorsal line - 131 20 Two lateral lines Trace dorsal line - -3. Dark purplish drab above; wax-yellow with Paris or chromium green -below; chin and throat lighter Indian purple. - - 140 40 Two lateral lines Trace dorsal line - 134 20 Lateral line Faint trace dorsal line - 123 25 Lateral line No dorsal line - 120 60 Lateral line Fair dorsal line - -4. Hair-brown above; gamboge below; chin Indian purple. - - 130 65 Two lateral lines Dorsal line - 120 52 Lateral line Faint dorsal line - -5. Dark drab above; waxy gamboge below. - - 126 65 Two lateral lines Distinct dorsal line - 126 60 Lateral line Indistinct dorsal line - 125 20 Two lateral lines Faint dorsal line - 125 60 Two lateral lines Indistinct dorsal line - -6a. Bronzed drab above; light wax-color below; chin light Indian -purple. - - 125 63 Two lateral lines Faint dorsal line - -6b. Drab above; light wax-color below; chin light Indian purple. - - 117 55 Two lateral lines Faint dorsal line - 116 55 Two lateral lines Faint trace dorsal line - 112 20 Two lateral lines Dorsal line - 105 48 Two lateral lines Dorsal line - -7. Grayish drab above; wax-yellow below; chin lighter Indian purple. - - 126 30 Two lateral lines Faint trace dorsal line - 122 60 Two lateral lines Trace dorsal line - 121 20 Two lateral lines Incomplete dorsal line - 119 55 Strong lateral line Trace dorsal line - 116 55 Strong lateral line Faint trace dorsal line - -8. Dark drab-gray above; dull wax-yellow below; chin light Indian -purple. - - 124 60 Lateral line Faint dorsal line - -9. Drab-gray above; straw and Naples yellow below; chin light Indian -purple. - - 118 56 Two lateral lines Dorsal line - -10. Bronzed drab-gray above; pale wax-yellow below; chin light Indian -purple. - - 92 41 Two lateral lines Very distinct dorsal line - -These notes show clearly that the intensity of pigmentation increases -quite gradually and fairly regularly with the size of the individual, -and that while young specimens may be nearly as pale as some dark -individuals of _A. pulchra_, all of the large specimens are of the -dark type. It is also true in a general way that the smaller the -specimen the more distinctly the lines are shown. - -In the light of our present knowledge, therefore, it seems -necessary to regard _Anniella nigra_ as a local and probably -recently differentiated race rather than as a melanistic phase of -_Anniella pulchra_. While the difference is purely one of color, no -intergradation has yet been shown to occur in adult specimens, and the -two forms must therefore be recognized as distinct species occupying -separate areas in different faunal zones. - -If then we ignore the localities of the type specimens of "_A. -texana_" and _A. nigra_, as open to question until confirmed by the -finding of additional specimens, the known distribution of the species -of the genus _Anniella_ is as follows: - - =Anniella pulchra.= - UPPER AUSTRAL ZONE. - _San Diegan Fauna._ - San Diego County. - San Diego, Coronado, mountains near San Diego. - Riverside County. - San Jacinto. - San Bernardino County. - San Bernardino. - _Californian Fauna._ - Kern County. - Oil City to Poso Creek. - Tulare County. - Sequoia National Park. - Fresno County. - Fresno. - Monterey County (interior). - San Ardo. - San Benito County. - Bear Valley. - Contra Costa County. - - =Anniella nigra.= - TRANSITION ZONE. - _Pacific Fauna._ - Monterey County (coast). - Monterey, Pacific Grove, Point Pinos, Carmel Bay. - San Francisco County. - San Francisco. - - SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, - August 18, 1905. - - - - - PROCEEDINGS - - OF THE - - CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - THIRD SERIES - - ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 3 - - _Issued December 2, 1905_ - - - ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE LEATHER-BACK - TURTLE, DERMOCHELYS, ON THE - COAST OF CALIFORNIA - - - BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH - - _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_ - - - PLATES IX-XI - -Records of the occurrence of the great marine Leather-back Turtle -in the Pacific Ocean are so few that any additional observations -are of much interest. Temminck and Schlegel[19] report upon a -specimen captured near the Bay of Nagasaki, Japan, in May, 1825. -Mr. Swinhoe[20] saw a large one at Amoy, China, in October, 1859. -Aflalo[21] has described a pair from Thursday Island, Queensland, -Australia. Krefft[22] mentions an example nine feet long from the -coast of New South Wales. McCoy[23] figures one caught at Portland, -Victoria, Australia, in 1862. Another was harpooned by Captain -Subritzky in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, in May, 1892.[24] -Boulenger[25] mentions a skull from the Solomon Islands. The -species has been recorded from the coast of Chile by Molina[26] and -Philippi,[27] and from Guaymas, Mexico, by Mr. Belding.[28] - -[Footnote 19: Fauna Japonica, 1833, pp. 9, 12.] - -[Footnote 20: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1870, p. 410.] - -[Footnote 21: Sketch Nat. Hist. Australia, p. 188.] - -[Footnote 22: Austral. Vertebr. p. 39.] - -[Footnote 23: Prodrom. Zool. Victoria, v. 2, 1885, p. 2.] - -[Footnote 24: Cheeseman, Trans. New Zealand Inst. v. 25, 1893, p. 108.] - -[Footnote 25: Cat. Chelon. Brit. Mus. 1889, p. 10.] - -[Footnote 26: Essai sur l'Hist. Nat. du Chili, 1789, p. 194.] - -[Footnote 27: Ann. Univ. Chile, v. 104, 1899, [separate pp. 3-6], pl.--.] - -[Footnote 28: West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 99.] - -Thus it appears that the only record of the occurrence of the -Leather-back Turtle in the waters of the western coast of the North -American continent is the brief note by Mr. Belding in the West -American Scientist, which reads as follows: - -"I saw at Guaymas a Leather-back Turtle (Dermatochelys) which weighed -1,102 lbs." - -I am now able to record the capture of three specimens of this turtle -on the coast of California. - -Early in January of the present year I received word that a large -sea turtle had been caught near Santa Barbara, California, and at -once arranged to purchase it for the Academy. A photograph (Plate -IX) sent me at the time showed it to be a fine specimen of -the Leather-back Turtle. Upon its arrival in San Francisco this turtle -proved to be a female measuring six feet and seven inches from the tip -of its snout to the end of its tail. Its weight was given on the bill -of lading as 800 pounds, but this may have been estimated rather than -actually determined. It was secured by Mr. G. W. Gourley and Albert F. -Stafford, about January 2, in twenty-five fathoms of water in the open -sea about two miles south of Santa Barbara. - -Mr. Gourley has given me the following glowing account of its capture: - - "SANTA BARBARA, CAL., - "Jan. 17, 1905. - - "_Dear Sir:_--Your note of 13th inst. received.... In regard to - the details of the capture I will say that the turtle was first - seen swimming on the surface about two miles off shore and to - the southwestward of the Santa Barbara whistling buoy. I went - after it (accompanied by a boy) in an 18 foot sailboat. I had - a gaff with a hook on the end of it and bent about 200 feet of - rope onto the handle. I had also prepared a number of other - ropes with nooses on them to be ready for quick work. - - "On approaching the turtle it did not hear the wash of the boat - until we were within about 25 feet of it, when it made a rush - to windward and started to dive, but the momentum of the boat - when I luffed into the wind carried her right along side of him - and I dropped the tiller and got forward with the gaff-hook and - swung over the side in the weather rigging and got the hook fast - in the leathery part of his neck. He immediately sounded and - run out the full length of the line--about 200 feet--and towed - the boat about half a mile further out to sea. He then came to - the surface and we over-handed the line and pulled up close to - him again. When he caught sight of the boat he turned and came - toward us and threw one of his flippers over the gunwale of the - boat, nearly capsizing her.[29] I climbed up on the upper side - and shoved him off with an oar. He grabbed the end of the oar - and bit the end of it off like a piece of cheese. His movements - in the water were very swift; using his fore flipper he could - turn almost instantly from one side to the other and his head - would project about 18 inches from the body. I succeeded in - throwing a noose over his head and later by attracting his - attention in the opposite direction got ropes around both - flippers--finally having five lines on him--and started to tow - him toward the shore. He repeatedly slipped the ropes off from - his neck and flippers--several times getting almost entirely - free. We were from 11:30 A. M. till nearly 4 P. M. in finally - landing him. When about half way to shore he suddenly turned and - made a break out to sea, towing the boat stern first with all - sail drawing full for several hundred yards with little effort. - He emitted at intervals a noise resembling the grunt of a wild - boar. There were (when we first tackled him) about a dozen - ramoras attached to different parts of the body. Most of them - stayed with him all through the struggle and only deserted him - when I hoisted him to the deck of the dock. I captured two of - them and kept them in a bucket for several days. One was about - ten inches long. The turtle lived for four days after taking out - of the water--being very lively when first landed and gradually - subsiding. I don't think this species ever come out of the water - on their own responsibility. - - "So far as I can learn there has been but one other of this kind - ever taken on this coast. It was less than half the size of - this and was entangled in a fisherman's net and was wounded in - capturing, so that it died soon after. The meat was sold to the - hotels here and was very fine eating. - - "Respectfully, - - "G. W. GOURLEY." - - [Footnote 29: It is interesting to note the similarity of - the account given by Captain Subritzky of the capture of his - specimen, which is given by Cheeseman (Trans. New Zealand Inst. - v. 25, 1893, p. 109) as follows: "When passing Cape Brett - on a voyage from Awanui to Auckland, he noticed a floating - object, which he at first took for a boat bottom upwards. The - schooner's boat was lowered, and he proceeded to inspect it; - when, to his astonishment, it suddenly disappeared, shortly - afterward reappearing a little distance further away. Returning - to his vessel, he secured a harpoon and line, and then pulled - cautiously up to the creature, soon recognizing it to be a - large turtle-like animal entirely new to him. After a little - manÅ“uvering he succeeded in harpooning it in the neck. - According to him, it made a most determined resistance, making - for the boat open-mouthed, snapping its jaws violently. It - succeeded in getting its flappers over the side of the boat, - nearly capsizing it, but was stunned by a blow on the head, - towed alongside the schooner, and hoisted on board."] - -Inquiry regarding the second specimen referred to in Mr. Gourley's -letter finally resulted, through the kindness of Dr. Frank M. -Anderson, in my securing from Mr. E. B. Hoyt of San Luis Obispo, a -photograph of this turtle, taken soon after its death. Mr. Hoyt tells -me that this photograph was taken by himself at Santa Barbara in July -or August, 1901. It shows the animal covering more than half the -length of the floor of a dray on which it was lying. This photograph -is reproduced in Plate X. - -The third individual of this species was preserved in the museum at -Coronado, San Diego County, which I am told is now a thing of the -past. All that I have been able to learn of its history is contained -in the following note from Mrs. E. S. Newcomb, who was in charge of -the collection: - - "CORONADO, March 21, 1896. - - "_Dear Sir_:--I am only posted in regard to one marine turtle, - which hangs in the entrance of our museum, and provokes various - witty remarks from the travelling public.... This turtle was - caught off Point Loma [San Diego Co.] by a fisherman, weight - 800 lbs. He sold it to the market, where Prof. Ward recognized - the skin as belonging to the Harp or Lute turtle, and purchased - it for this museum. It has been here eight years. I am sorry my - information is so meagre, but it is the best I can give you. - - "Yours sincerely, - - "(MRS.) E. S. NEWCOMB." - -With no material for comparison I am unable to form an opinion as to -the identity or specific distinctness of the Leather-back Turtles of -the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans; but Distant's photograph -of an individual from South Africa[30] certainly shows a style of -coloration very different from that seen in those reproduced here. - -A view of the superior surface of the hyoid is given (Plate -XI) which makes it evident that the specimen figured by -Gervais[31] was incomplete. - - SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, - August 4, 1905. - -[Footnote 30: Distant, Zoologist, 4th ser. v. 2, 1898, p. 500.] - -[Footnote 31: Gervais, N. Arch. Mus. v. 8, 1872, pl. VII, -fig. 2.] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. - - Photograph of Leather-back Turtle captured at Santa Barbara, - California, January, 1905. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE IX. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. - - Photograph of Leather-back Turtle captured at Santa Barbara, - California, in July or August, 1901. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE X. - ] - - EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. - - Hyoid of Leather-back Turtle captured at Santa Barbara, - California, January, 1905. - - [Illustration: - - PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI. 3^{D}. SER. ZOOL. VOL. IV. - - [VAN DENBURGH] PLATE XI. - ] - - - - - PROCEEDINGS - - OF THE - - CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - THIRD SERIES - - ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 4[32] - - _Issued March 14, 1906_ - - - [Footnote 32: NOTE.--Only a few copies of the original - edition of this paper (Third Series, Vol. IV, Nos. 4 and 5, - Zoology, pp. 61-67) had been distributed prior to the great fire of - April 18, 1906, in which practically the entire edition was lost. - To enable libraries and individuals to complete their files of the - Proceedings this _exact reprint_ is issued - - March 26, 1915. - - BARTON W. EVERMANN, _Editor_.] - - DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PLETHODON (PLETHODON - VANDYKEI) FROM MOUNT RAINIER, WASHINGTON - - - BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH - - _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_ - -In a small collection of amphibians secured in Washington by Dr. -Edwin Cooper Van Dyke, Curator of the Department of Entomology, is an -apparently undescribed species of salamander, which I take pleasure in -naming, in honor of its collector, - - - =Plethodon vandykei= sp. nov. - - _Diagnosis._--Similar in general appearance to _Plethodon - intermedius_, but much larger and stouter; costal grooves 12-13; - toes and fingers webbed, only 2 phalanges of third and fourth - toes free; adpressed limbs separated by 1 costal interspace; - tail but slightly compressed; paratoid well developed; a dorsal - band, not red; lower surfaces black. - - _Type._--Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 6910, Paradise Valley, Mt. Rainier - Park, Washington, Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, July 15-31, 1905. - - _Description._--General form similar to _P. oregonensis_, but - body not quite so much flattened, tail less compressed, and - limbs shorter and stouter; tail cylindro-conic, somewhat - compressed in posterior half, nearly equal to length of head - and body; head depressed, about width of widest part of body; - snout broadly truncate from above, rounded in profile; eyes - moderate, smaller than in _P. oregonensis_, rather prominent, - separated anteriorly by nearly twice the length of the orbital - slit; nostrils small, near corners of snout, separated by - about their distance from pupil; subnasal groove descending - nearly to margin of lip; line of lip descending slightly below - corner of snout and ascending below posterior edge of orbit; - palatine _teeth_ in 2 slightly curved series beginning some - distance behind and a little internal to the internal nares, - converging obliquely backward, and scarcely separated on the - median line; parasphenoid teeth in 1 patch throughout, separated - from palatine teeth by an interval equal to distance from - nostril to edge of lip; internal nares rather small; tongue - large, ovate, not emarginate, attached along median line but - free laterally and for a short distance behind; neck a little - narrower than body, with large elongate parotoid gland divided - by a longitudinal groove running posteriorly and downward from - eye to gular fold, other grooves behind, above and in front - of parotoid; a groove along vertebral line; _costal grooves_ - between limbs 12 on right, 13 on left, not continued to midline - either above or below; limbs a little shorter and stouter than - in _P. oregonensis_, anterior with 4 and posterior with 5 - digits; digits rather short, with broad rounded ends each with - a terminal pad below, inner shortest, third longest, second - finger longer than fourth, second toe shorter than fourth which - is but little shorter than third; web well developed, extending - nearly to end of inner digits, 2 phalanges of third and fourth - toes free, feet very broadly palmate; tail slender, slightly - compressed in posterior two-thirds, with rather indefinite - grooves on proximal half; skin shiny, but roughened above and - laterally and pitted below by the mouths of small glands; - adpressed limbs separated by about the distance between 2 costal - grooves. - -A broad band extends along the whole dorsal surface from the snout -to the tip of the tail. In the alcoholic specimen this band is dark -clay-color, dotted with black on the upper surface of the head. It is -broadest on the back of the head and narrowest above the anus. The -upper surfaces of the limbs and the side of the snout are clay-color -dotted with black. A black line runs from the eye to the nostril. The -hands and feet are black dotted with clay-color. The chin and central -gular region are white with a few scattered black dots. The sides of -the neck and the sides and lower surfaces of the body and tail are -intense black with a few scattered whitish dots on the belly and sides -of tail and with a zone of crowded white dots along the sides of the -neck and body. - - Snout to anus 60 - Front of anus to end of tail 56 - Width of head 9 - Nostril to orbit 2 - Snout to orbit 4 - Snout to gular fold 13 - Snout to fore limb 17 - Gular fold to anus 47 - Axilla to groin 34 - Adpressed limbs separated by 3 - Fore limb 15½ - Hind limb 18½ - Heel to end of longest toe 7 - Breadth of foot 6 - - SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, - December 21, 1905. - - - - - PROCEEDINGS - - OF THE - - CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - - THIRD SERIES - - ZOOLOGY VOL. IV, NO. 5 - - _Issued March 14, 1906_ - - - ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE SPOTTED NIGHT - SNAKE, HYPSIGLENA OCHRORHYNCHUS, IN - CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; AND ON THE - SHAPE OF THE PUPIL IN THE - REPTILIAN GENUS ARIZONA - - - BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH - - _Curator of the Department of Herpetology_ - - - ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE SPOTTED NIGHT SNAKE, HYPSIGLENA - OCHRORHYNCHUS, IN CENTRAL CALIFORNIA - -The little snake to which Cope, in 1860,[33] gave the name _Hypsiglena -ochrorhynchus_ was first described from specimens secured at Cape -San Lucas, Lower California. It has since been found to range across -Arizona and northern Mexico to Texas. As recently as 1893, so little -was known of the distribution of this snake in California that Dr. -Stejneger,[34] in recording the single specimen secured by the -Death Valley Expedition in the Argus Range, Inyo County, California, -thought that it added a species to the known fauna of the State. This -snake had, however, already been taken at San Diego, California, as -mentioned by Professor Cope[35] in 1883. More recently, the species -has been recorded by Cope[36] from Witch Creek, San Diego County, -and by myself[37] from the Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego County; -Strawberry Valley and San Jacinto, Riverside County, and Hesperia, San -Bernardino County. - -[Footnote 33: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, p. 246.] - -[Footnote 34: N. A. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, p. 204.] - -[Footnote 35: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1883, p. 32.] - -[Footnote 36: Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 954.] - -[Footnote 37: Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 180.] - -These localities are all in the Desert and San Diegan faunal areas. -It was with much interest, therefore, that I found this snake in -the Californian Fauna close to the edge of the Pacific Fauna. The -specimen was secured near Los Gatos, Santa Clara County, several -hundred miles beyond the range of the species as previously known. It -was found under a pile of recently cut hay, at an altitude of about -eight or nine hundred feet, in what is locally known as the warm belt -of the foothills, where _Bascanion laterale_, _Cnemidophorus tigris -undulates_, and _Amphispiza belli_ also occur. - - - ON THE SHAPE OF THE PUPIL IN THE REPTILIAN GENUS ARIZONA - -There has been, among herpetologists, much diversity of opinion as -to the merits of Kennicott's genus _Arizona_. The validity of the -single species for which he proposed the name _Arizona elegans_ has, I -believe, never been questioned, but the known generic characters have -been rather inadequate. Accordingly, while some authors have followed -Kennicott, others have referred the species variously to the genera -_Pituophis_ of Holbrook, _Rhinechis_ of Michahelles, or _Coluber_ of -Linnæus. - -I believe that all authors (myself included) who mention the point at -all describe the eye of this snake as showing a round pupil. This is -true of most alcoholic specimens, for in these the pupil usually is -dilated. In two living specimens, however, I find that the pupil is -slightly irregular in outline so that it appears somewhat eccentric, -that it varies considerably in size from time to time, and that it -is distinctly elliptic, with the long diameter vertical, but becomes -nearly round when dilated. Some alcoholic specimens also show the -pupil somewhat contracted and elliptic. - -This point is of some importance, since the possession of a vertically -elongate pupil is in itself ample basis for the recognition of the -genus _Arizona_ as distinct from the other colubrine genera with which -it has been confused. - - SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, - February 24, 1906. - - -Transcriber's Notes: - -1. Pages 20, 25: The spelling of Reëxamination/reëxamination has been left - with the dieresis. - -2. Italics are shown as _text_ and bold as =text=. - -3. Page 19, 20: The fraction 2/2 has been retained as such. - -4. Carat numbers/letters have been retained with the carat symbol to - represent an upper position. - -5. Page 61: There is a date in the middle of a paragraph which does - not seem to pertain to anything. 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- border-bottom: .1em solid black; } - - td.tab5 { - width: 1em; } - - td.tab6 { - width: 8em; } - -td.footer { - padding: .2em .2em .2em .2em; - text-align: center; - text-indent: 0em; - font-size: small; } - - -.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ - /* visibility: hidden; */ - position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; -} /* page numbers */ - -.blockquot { - margin-left: 5%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - -.center {text-align: center;} - -.right {text-align: right;} - -.right1 {text-align: right; - margin-right: 5em; } - -.right2 {text-align: right; - margin-right: 2em; } - -.right3 {text-align: right; - margin-right: 3em; } - -.right4 {text-align: right; - margin-right: 8em; } - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - -.bold {font-weight: bold;} - -.gesperrt -{ - letter-spacing: 0.2em; - margin-right: -0.2em; -} - -em.gesperrt -{ - font-style: normal; -} - -/* Images */ -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; -} - -/* Footnotes */ - -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} - -.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: - none; -} - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:smaller; - padding:0.5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Proceedings of the California Academy of -Sciences, Series 3, Volume 4 (Zoology), by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 3, Volume 4 (Zoology) - -Author: Various - -Release Date: February 26, 2017 [EBook #54240] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, S.3, V. 4 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Karin Spence, Bryan Ness and -the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/American -Libraries.) - - - - - - -</pre> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center p4">PROCEEDINGS</p> - -<p class="center xs p4">OF THE</p> - -<h1 class="p1"><span class="smcap">California Academy of Sciences</span></h1> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<p class="center">THIRD SERIES</p> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<p class="center lg bold p4">ZOOLOGY</p> - -<p class="center sm"><span class="smcap">Vol. IV</span></p> - -<p class="center sm">1905-1906</p> - -<p class="center p4 sm">SAN FRANCISCO</p> - -<p class="center xs">PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY</p> - -<p class="center xs">1906</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="h2head">CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV.</h2></div> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Plates I-XI.</span></h3> - -<table class="toc" summary="Contents"> -<tr> - <th></th> - <th></th> - <th class="right xs">PAGE</th> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="chn">Title-page</td> - <td class="cht"></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_i">i</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="chn1">Contents</td> - <td class="cht"></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_iii">iii</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="chn">No. 1.</td> - <td class="cht">The Reptiles and Amphibians of the Islands of the Pacific Coast of North America from the Farallons to Cape San Lucas and the Revilla Gigedos. By John Van Denburgh. (Plates I-VIII)</td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="3" class="footer"> - (Published June 15, 1905)</td></tr> -<tr> - <td class="chn">No. 2.</td> - <td class="cht">The Species of the Reptilian Genus Anniella, with Especial Reference to Anniella texana and to Variation in Anniella nigra. By John Van Denburgh</td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="3" class="footer"> - (Published December 2, 1905)</td></tr> -<tr> - <td class="chn">No. 3.</td> - <td class="cht">On the Occurrence of the Leather-back Turtle, Dermochelys, on the Coast of California. By John Van Denburgh. (Plates IX-XI)</td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_51">51</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="3" class="footer"> - (Published December 2, 1905)</td></tr> -<tr> - <td class="chn">No. 4.</td> - <td class="cht">Description of a New Species of the Genus Plethodon (Plethodon vandykei) from Mount Rainier, Washington. By John Van Denburgh</td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="3" class="footer"> - (Published March 14, 1906)</td></tr> -<tr> - <td class="chn">No. 5.</td> - <td class="cht">On the Occurrence of the Spotted Night Snake, Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, in Central California; and On the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona. By John Van Denburgh</td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="3" class="footer"> - (Published March 14, 1906)</td></tr> -<tr> - <td class="chn">Index</td> - <td class="cht"></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="right sm">December 30, 1914.</p> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width:390px;"> - <p><span class="smcap">Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 3<span class="xs"><sup>D</sup></span>. Ser. Zool. Vol. IV</span></p> - <p class="ph right">[<span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>] <span class="smcap">Plate</span> I.</p> - <img - class="ph" - id="plate_001_small" - src="images/plate_001_small.png" - width="390" - height="600" - alt="" /> - <p class="ph right xxs">PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY, S. F.</p> - </div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm">PROCEEDINGS</p></div> - -<p class="center xs">OF THE</p> - -<p class="center">CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Third Series</span></p> - -<div style="margin-left:30%;margin-right:30%"> -<table style="width:100%"> - <tr> - <td class="left1 smcap">Zoology</td> - <td class="right1 smcap">Vol. IV, No. 1</td> - </tr> -</table> -</div> - -<p class="center p2"><i>Issued June 15, 1905</i></p> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<h2>THE REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS OF THE ISLANDS<br /> - OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA<br /> - FROM THE FARALLONS<br /> - TO CAPE SAN LUCAS AND THE<br /> - REVILLA GIGEDOS</h2> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<p class="center sm">BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH</p> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Curator of the Department of Herpetology</i>.</p> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<h2 class="h2head">CONTENTS.</h2> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Plates I-VIII.</span></h3> - -<table class="toc" summary="Contents"> -<tr> - <th></th> - <th class="right xs">PAGE</th> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Introductory Remarks</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_2">2</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Table of Distribution</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_3">3</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Faunal Relationships</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_4">4</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">South Farallon Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_4">4</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">San Miguel Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Santa Rosa Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Santa Cruz Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Ana Capa Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">San Nicolas Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Santa Barbara Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Santa Catalina Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">San Clemente Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_17">17</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Los Coronados</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">San Martin Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">San Benito Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Cerros Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Natividad Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Magdalena Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Santa Margarita Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Socorro Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="cht"><span class="smcap">Clarion Island</span></td> - <td class="pag"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="right sm">June 13, 1905</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Introductory Remarks.</span></h3> - -<p>The first contribution to the herpetology of the islands of the -Pacific Coast of North America of which I have knowledge was, -curiously enough, a description of the lizard of Socorro, an island -perhaps the least accessible of them all. This description was -published by Professor Cope in 1871. Six years later Dr. Streets -recorded a few notes on the fauna of Cerros, San Martin, and -Los Coronados. Since that time there have appeared at intervals -contributions from Yarrow, Belding, Cope, Garman, Townsend, Stejneger, -and Van Denburgh, resulting in the gradual accumulation of a -considerable fund of knowledge. The papers in which this information -is contained are so widely scattered through journals and the -publications of various societies and museums as to be but little -available. It has, therefore, been thought expedient to review the -whole subject while reporting upon the material which in the last few -years has been accumulating in the collection of the Academy.</p> - -<p>In this paper there are mentioned or described twenty-nine species and -subspecies, representing the fauna of eighteen islands. Of these four -are amphibians, nineteen are lizards, and six are snakes.</p> - -<p>The following forms are here described as new:—</p> - -<ul> - <li><i>Autodax lugubris farallonensis</i>, South Farallon Island,</li> - <li><i>Uta martinensis</i>, San Martin Island,</li> - <li><i>Uta stellata</i>, San Benito Island,</li> - <li><i>Sceloporus becki</i>, San Miguel Island,</li> - <li><i>Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus</i>, San Martin Island.</li> -</ul> - -<p>The island distribution of the various species and subspecies is -indicated in the following table:</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Distribution of Island Reptiles and Amphibians.</span></p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;">Table Key:</span></p> - -<ol> -<li>Farallon</li> -<li>San Miguel</li> -<li>Santa Rosa</li> -<li>Santa Cruz</li> -<li>Ana Capa</li> -<li>San Nicolas</li> -<li>Santa Barbara</li> -<li>Santa Catalina</li> -<li>San Clemente</li> -<li>Los Coronados</li> -<li>San Martin</li> -<li>San Benito</li> -<li>Cerros</li> -<li>Natividad</li> -<li>Magdalena</li> -<li>Santa Margarita</li> -<li>Socorro</li> -<li>Clarion</li> -<li>Mainland</li> -</ol> - - -<table class="summary"> - <tr> - <th class="tab2">Name</th> - <th class="tab22">A</th> - <th class="tab22">B</th> - <th class="tab22">C</th> - <th class="tab22">D</th> - <th class="tab22">E</th> - <th class="tab22">F</th> - <th class="tab22">G</th> - <th class="tab22">H</th> - <th class="tab22">I</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Autodax lugubris farallonensis</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> -</tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Batrachoseps attenuatus</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Batrachoseps pacificus</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Hyla regilla</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Dipsosaurus dorsalis</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Callisaurus ventralis</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> -</tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Crotaphytus wislizenii</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Uta stansburiana</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Uta martinensis</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Uta stellata</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Uta nigricauda</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Uta auriculata</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Uta clarionensis</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Sceloporus zosteromus</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Sceloporus becki</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Sceloporus biseriatus becki</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Phrynosoma cerroense</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Gerrhonotus scincicauda</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Xantusia riversiana</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Verticaria hyperythra beldingi</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Cnemidophorus rubidus</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Cnemidophorus multiscutatus</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Cnemidophorus labialis</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Bascanion anthonyi</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Bascanion laterale fuliginosum</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Pituophis catenifer</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Crotalus exsul</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Crotalus oregonus</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11a">Crotalus mitchellii</td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<table summary ="" style="margin-top: 2em;"> - <tr> - <th class="tab2">Name</th> - <th class="tab22">J</th> - <th class="tab22">K</th> - <th class="tab22">L</th> - <th class="tab22">M</th> - <th class="tab22">N</th> - <th class="tab22">O</th> - <th class="tab22">P</th> - <th class="tab22">Q</th> - <th class="tab22">R</th> - <th class="tab4">S</th> - </tr> -<tr> - <td class="tab11">Autodax lugubris farallonensis</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Batrachoseps attenuatus</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Batrachoseps pacificus</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">?</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Hyla regilla</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Dipsosaurus dorsalis</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Callisaurus ventralis</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Crotaphytus wislizenii</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Uta stansburiana</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Uta martinensis</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Uta stellata</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Uta nigricauda</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Uta auriculata</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Uta clarionensis</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Sceloporus zosteromus</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Sceloporus becki</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Sceloporus biseriatus becki</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Phrynosoma cerroense</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Gerrhonotus scincicauda</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus</td> - <td class="tab1">?</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Xantusia riversiana</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Verticaria hyperythra beldingi</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Cnemidophorus rubidus</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Cnemidophorus multiscutatus</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Cnemidophorus labialis</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Bascanion anthonyi</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Bascanion laterale fuliginosum</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Pituophis catenifer</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Crotalus exsul</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11">Crotalus oregonus</td> - <td class="tab1">X</td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab1"></td> - <td class="tab3">X</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tab11a">Crotalus mitchellii</td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a">X</td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab1a"></td> - <td class="tab3a">X</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span></p> - -<p>Little can be stated about the faunal relationships of the various -islands beyond the fact that all except, probably, the Farallons are -clearly Sonoran. Of the island reptiles, only fourteen are not known -to live on the mainland. These are</p> - -<ul> - <li>Autodax lugubris farallonensis,</li> - <li>Batrachoseps pacificus,</li> - <li>Uta martinensis,</li> - <li>Uta stellata,</li> - <li>Uta auriculata,</li> - <li>Uta clarionensis,</li> - <li>Sceloporus becki,</li> - <li>Phrynosoma cerroense,</li> - <li>Xantusia riversiana,</li> - <li>Cnemidophorus multiscutatus,</li> - <li>Cnemidophorus labialis,</li> - <li>Bascanion anthonyi,</li> - <li>Bascanion laterale fuliginosum,</li> - <li>Crotalus exsul.</li> -</ul> - -<p>Although the evidence is thus too meager to enable one to speak -positively, it would seem that the probable faunal relationship is -about as follows:</p> - -<p><span class="smcap" style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Transition Zone.</span></p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Pacific Fauna:</i></span></p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Farallon Islands.</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap" style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Upper Austral Zone.</span></p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Californian Fauna:</i></span></p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Ana Capa.</span></p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>San Diegan Fauna:</i></span></p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">San Nicolas, Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina, San Clemente.</span><br /> - -<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Los Coronados, San Martin.</span><br /> - -<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Perhaps San Benito, Cerros, Natividad. </span></p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><span class="smcap">Lower Austral Zone.</span></span></p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Perhaps San Benito, Cerros, Natividad.</span><br /> - -<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Magdalena, Santa Margarita.</span><br /> - -<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Socorro, Clarion.</span></p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">South Farallon Island.</span></h3> - -<p>No reptiles have been found on the Farallon Islands and it is probable -that none occur there. The amphibians are represented on South -Farallon Island by a salamander which has been regarded as identical -with <i>Autodax lugubris</i> Hallowell. Specimens from this island, -however, are much<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span> more profusely spotted or blotched with yellow than -is the mainland form of this species. In examining series of specimens -one finds a few individuals from the mainland as heavily spotted as -some of the Farallon specimens, but the average difference seems -constant and the extremes are very dissimilar. I therefore propose -that the Farallon Island form be called</p> - -<p class="center p2">1. <b>Autodax lugubris farallonensis</b> subsp. nov.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Plate II.</span></p> - -<blockquote class="sm"> -<p><i>Anaides lugubris</i> <span class="smcap">Yarrow</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. -24, 1882, p. 158 [part].</p> - -<p class="ph"><i>Autodax lugubris</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, -1889, p. 185 [part]; <span class="smcap">Keeler</span>, Zoe, v. 3, 1892, p. 154.</p> - -<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Similar to <i>Autodax lugubris</i> Hallow, but yellow spots -more numerous and often larger.</p> - -<p><i>Type.</i>—Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 3731, South Farallon Island, Charles -Fuchs, February 8, 1899.</p> - -<p><i>Description of Type.</i>—Head elongate, depressed, with truncate, -protruding snout; nostril small, a little above and behind the corner -of snout, with groove running down to edge of lip, separated from -its fellow and from orbit by length of eye-slit; lip margin long and -undulating; maxillary and mandibular teeth large; palatine teeth -small, in series running back from each inner nostril and forming a -V-shaped figure; a large well-defined patch of parasphenoid teeth -divided by a slight median groove and posterior notch; tongue large, -long, ovate, with a small posterior notch, free except along the -median line; neck short, somewhat constricted, a well-developed -gular fold; body subfusiform, diminishing toward both extremities; -13 transverse costal grooves between limbs, extending from a short -distance from vertebral line entirely across belly; tail conical -with similar transverse grooves; limbs well-developed, posterior -longer than anterior, toes overlapping when adpressed; digits 4-5, -well-developed, nearly free, with slight terminal disc-like expansion; -third finger longest, first short, second and fourth nearly equal; -first toe short, second and fifth and third and fourth nearly equal; -skin everywhere smooth, but dotted with the mouths of small glands.</p> - -<p>Color above smoky seal-brown, lightest on the snout and limbs, dotted, -spotted and blotched with pale straw-yellow on top and sides of head, -neck, body, limbs and tail; largest blotches, on sides of neck, 2 by 4 -millimetres. Lower surfaces dirty yellowish white.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td>Length to anus</td> - <td>72<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></td> - <td>38</td> - <td>58</td> - <td>66</td> - <td>67</td> - <td>75</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Length of tail</td> - <td>64</td> - <td>33</td> - <td>50</td> - <td>52</td> - <td>56</td> - <td>71</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to gular fold</td> - <td>20</td> - <td>11</td> - <td>17</td> - <td>18</td> - <td>19</td> - <td>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nostril to orbit</td> - <td> 4</td> - <td> 2½</td> - <td> 3</td> - <td> 4</td> - <td> 3½</td> - <td> 4</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fore limb</td> - <td>21</td> - <td>13</td> - <td>18</td> - <td>19</td> - <td>20</td> - <td>22</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hind limb</td> - <td>24</td> - <td>15</td> - <td>20</td> - <td>20</td> - <td>22</td> - <td>24</td> - </tr> -</table> -</blockquote> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span></p> - -<p>Sixteen specimens were collected by Mr. Fuchs on South Farallon -Island, February 8, 1899, and four by Mr. L. M. Loomis, July 9, 1896. -They were found under piles of loose stone.</p> - -<p>The spots on the type specimen are larger and somewhat more numerous -than on any of the others.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">San Miguel Island.</span></h3> - -<p>I know of no records of reptiles or amphibians from San Miguel Island. -Two species of lizards and a <i>Batrachoseps</i> were secured on this -island by Mr. R. H. Beck while collecting for the California Academy -of Sciences.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Batrachoseps pacificus</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Plate III.</span></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Hemidactylium pacificum</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. -Phila. 1865, p. 195.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Batrachoseps pacificus</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1869, pp. 97, 98; -<span class="smcap">Yarrow</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 153 [part?]; <span class="smcap">Boulenger</span>, -Cat. Batrach. Grad. 1882, p. 59; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, p. 129 [part?].</p> -</blockquote> - -<p><i>Batrachoseps pacificus</i> was described by Professor Cope, in 1865, -from a specimen said to have been collected at Santa Barbara, -California. Two specimens from San Francisco were afterward referred -to this species. All of the specimens I have examined from both these -localities are of the common form known as <i>B. attenuatus</i>. I was, -therefore, inclined to doubt the existence of <i>B. pacificus</i> as a -distinct species until I examined eight specimens collected by Dr. -Eisen on Santa Rosa Island in 1897. In March, 1903, Mr. R. H. Beck -secured on San Miguel a large series of a <i>Batrachoseps</i> which seems -to differ in no respect from that found on Santa Rosa Island, but -which is very distinct from the species of the mainland.</p> - -<p>These island salamanders agree in all important points with the -original description of <i>B. pacificus</i>, but since the published -descriptions of this species are not very complete, I sent a specimen -from San Miguel Island to my friend Dr. Stejneger with a request that -he compare it directly with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> the type. This he has very kindly done, -and his conclusion is as follows:</p> - -<p>"I have carefully compared it with the type of <i>Batrachoseps -pacificus</i> and find them to agree completely. I have no doubt they -represent the same species. As for the origin of our specimen I can -only say that our record book shows the following entry: '6733. -<i>Batrichoseps pacificus</i> (Type) Santa Barbara Cal. Dr. Hayes. 1881 -Oct. 28. 1.' This entry is evidently made many years after the -numbering of the specimen which took place in 1866, probably at the -time tin-tags were substituted for the old labels most of which were -destroyed as in this case. The entry is in an unknown boyish hand -and is probably made from the destroyed label. The double error, -<i>i</i> in <i>Batrachoseps</i> and <i>e</i> in Hays, shows that it was made by an -ignoramus. I can find no other record of specimens received from the -same source, but in the S. I. reports from 1864-67 I find noted that -a Dr. W. W. Hays sent birds and fishes to the museum from 'Southern -California'. The Santa Barbara locality is therefore not above -suspicion. The other two specimens credited in Cope's Man. Batr. p. -130 to <i>B. pacificus</i>, viz. No. 4006 San Francisco, Cal. R. D. Cutts, -have not been seen here since I took charge of the collection in 1889. -In the record book there is entered in the remark column 'Destroyed -(C)' (C) standing for Cope. The specific name <i>Batrachoseps pacificus</i> -is in Cope's handwriting, while the locality San Francisco and the -name of the collector are in Prof. Baird's hand."</p> - -<p>In the light of all this it appears that the type of <i>Batrachoseps -pacificus</i> may perhaps have been secured on some fishing trip from -Santa Barbara to Santa Rosa or San Miguel, and that the specimens from -San Francisco most probably were misidentified by Cope.</p> - -<p><i>Batrachoseps pacificus</i> is a larger species than <i>Batrachoseps -attenuatus</i>. Its general appearance, owing to the greater broadness -of head and body, is very suggestive of the various species of -<i>Plethodon</i>. This resemblance is carried further in one specimen by -the presence of five digits on one hind foot. Structurally, however, -the species<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> is a true <i>Batrachoseps</i>; that is to say, the tongue is -adherent anteriorly, the digits are normally 4-4, the premaxillary is -single, and there is a large parietal fontanelle.</p> - -<blockquote class="sm"> -<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Costal grooves usually seventeen (rarely sixteen -or eighteen); head much broader than body; color yellowish brown -above, white or yellow below.</p> - -<p><i>Description.</i>—General form elongate, slender; body cylindric -or somewhat flattened; tail conical, a little longer than head and -body; head depressed, rather broad, nearly circular in outline from -above; snout rounded or truncate from above, truncate and high in -profile; eyes large and rather prominent, separated anteriorly by -about the length of the orbital slit; nostrils small, near corners of -snout, separated by a little more than their distance from orbits; a -very indistinct subnasal groove, not extending to margin of lip; upper -jaw overhanging lower; line of lip nearly straight to below eye, then -deflected downward; palatine teeth in 2 nearly straight very oblique -series which nearly meet on the median line posteriorly and anteriorly -do not extend to the internal nares; parasphenoid teeth separated by -a narrow space posteriorly but confluent anteriorly, extending nearly -to the palatine series; internal nares rather small, in front of the -anterior ends of the series of palatine teeth; tongue large, oval, -not emarginate, attached along the median line, free laterally and -posteriorly; neck not distinct from body, with several vertical and 2 -or 3 longitudinal grooves; gular fold well marked, continued forward -on side of neck to eye; 1 or 2 indistinct grooves anterior to gular -fold; costal grooves between limbs usually 17, occasionally 16 or 18,<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> continued nearly to midline on -back and belly; limbs short, weak, each with 4 digits; digits with -rounded knob-like ends, inner digit short, rudimental, others -well-developed, second and fourth nearly equal, third longest, web -small or absent; tail more slender than body, with well-marked lateral -grooves; a more or less indistinct dorsal longitudinal groove, most -distinct on neck and pelvic region; skin smooth with minute pits; -adpressed limbs widely separated.</p> - -<p>The color above in alcoholic specimens is yellowish brown (cinnamon -to mummy brown) paler on the head and limbs and often becoming -fawn-color on the tail. The upper lip and all the lower surfaces are -white or dull yellow. Young specimens are much darker than adults, and -the lower surfaces often are minutely dotted with brown.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td>Length to anus</td> - <td>25</td> - <td>36</td> - <td>49</td> - <td>52</td> - <td>52</td> - <td>56</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Length of tail</td> - <td>20</td> - <td>31</td> - <td>64</td> - <td>56</td> - <td>63</td> - <td>59</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Width of head</td> - <td> 3½</td> - <td> 5</td> - <td> 7</td> - <td> 6½</td> - <td> 7</td> - <td> 8</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to orbit</td> - <td> 2</td> - <td> 2</td> - <td> 3</td> - <td> 3</td> - <td> 3</td> - <td> 3</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to gular fold</td> - <td> 6</td> - <td> 7½</td> - <td>10</td> - <td>10</td> - <td>10</td> - <td>10½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to fore limb</td> - <td> 7</td> - <td>10</td> - <td>13</td> - <td>13</td> - <td>14</td> - <td>14</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Between limbs</td> - <td>15</td> - <td>22</td> - <td>31</td> - <td>36</td> - <td>33</td> - <td>38</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fore limb</td> - <td> 5</td> - <td> 7</td> - <td> 9</td> - <td> 9</td> - <td> 8½</td> - <td> 9</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hind limb</td> - <td> 5½</td> - <td> 7½</td> - <td> 9½</td> - <td> 9½</td> - <td> 9½</td> - <td>10</td> - </tr> -</table> -</blockquote> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>2. Sceloporus becki</b> sp. nov.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Plate IV.</span></p> - -<p>The <i>Sceloporus</i> of the mainland at Santa Barbara is the ordinary <i>S. -occidentalis</i>; that is to say, it is the smaller form with a complete -series of scales between the large supraoculars and the median head -plates, with from thirty-five to forty-six dorsal scales between the -interparietal plate and the back of the thighs, with keeled scales -on the back of the thigh, and with two blue patches on the throat. -Five specimens from San Miguel Island resemble this species closely -in size, but are more nearly like <i>S. biseriatus</i> in coloration, -and differ from both in the possession of certain characters most -unusual in a member of the <i>S. undulatus</i> group. I take pleasure in -naming this island form in honor of Mr. R. H. Beck, who collected the -specimens.</p> - -<blockquote class="sm"> -<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Frontal and parietal plates separated from -enlarged supraoculars by a series of small scales or granules; -frontoparietal plate in contact with enlarged supraoculars; -scales on back of thigh smaller than those in front of anus; -43-48 dorsals between interparietal and back of thighs; scales -on back of thigh keeled; whole throat and chin blue crossed by -diagonal black lines which unite posteriorly with a large black -patch extending across throat from shoulder to shoulder.</p> - -<p><i>Type.</i>—Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4537, San Miguel -Island, California, R. H. Beck, March 26, 1903.</p> - -<p><i>Description.</i>—Head and body little depressed; nostril opening -much nearer to end of snout than to orbit; upper head shields -smooth, moderately large and slightly convex, interparietal -largest; frontal divided transversely; parietal and frontal -plates separated from enlarged supraoculars by a series of small -plates or granules; frontoparietal in contact with enlarged -supraoculars; superciliaries long and strongly imbricate; middle -subocular very long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral plate -of moderate height but great width; labials long, low and nearly -rectangular; symphyseal large and pentangular; some series of -enlarged sublabials; gulars smooth, imbricate, often emarginate -posteriorly; ear-opening large, slightly oblique, with anterior -denticulation of smooth acuminate scales; scales on back -equal-sized, keeled, mucronate with slight denticulation, and -arranged in nearly parallel longitudinal rows; lateral scales -smaller and directed obliquely upward; upper and anterior -surfaces of limbs with strongly keeled and mucronate scales; -posterior surface of thigh with small, acuminate, keeled scales; -ventral scales much smaller than dorsals, smooth, imbricate, and -usually bicuspid; tail furnished with slightly irregular whorls -of strongly keeled and pointed scales which are much larger and -rougher above than below, where they are smooth proximally; -femoral pores 14-16; 9-12 dorsal scales equaling length of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>shielded part of head; number of scales in a row between -interparietal plate and a line connecting posterior surfaces of -thighs varying from 43-48; males with enlarged postanal plates.</p> - -<p>The color above is grayish, brownish, or greenish blue, with a -series of dark brown blotches on each side of the back. A pale -longitudinal band separates the dorsal from the lateral regions. -The sides are brownish or grayish, mottled with darker brown -and dotted or suffused with green or pale blue. The head is -usually crossed by narrow brown lines, more or less irregular in -distribution. A brown line connects the orbit and upper corner -of the ear, and is continued backward on the neck. There is a -large blue patch on each side of the belly, bordered internally -with black in highly colored males. The chin and throat are -blue, pale anteriorly and changing to black posteriorly, crossed -by narrow oblique black lines which converge posteriorly and -blend with the black patches on the throat and in front of the -shoulders in males. There is a white patch at each side of the -anus, and a yellowish white band along the series of femoral -pores.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td>Length to anus</td> - <td>64</td> - <td>66</td> - <td>70</td> - <td>70<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Length of tail</td> - <td>76</td> - <td>68</td> - <td>78</td> - <td>79</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to ear</td> - <td>14</td> - <td>13</td> - <td>14</td> - <td>16</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Width of head</td> - <td>14</td> - <td>12</td> - <td>14</td> - <td>15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Shielded part of head</td> - <td>14</td> - <td>13</td> - <td>14</td> - <td>15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fore limb</td> - <td>27</td> - <td>26</td> - <td>27</td> - <td>30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hind limb</td> - <td>41</td> - <td>39</td> - <td>41</td> - <td>46</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Base of fifth to end of fourth toe</td> - <td>16</td> - <td>15</td> - <td>16</td> - <td>18</td> - </tr> -</table> -</blockquote> - -<p>This species is in general appearance similar to <i>S. occidentalis</i>, -but differs in the contact of the frontoparietal and supraocular -shields, the coloration of the throat, and the somewhat more feeble -carination and mucronation of its dorsal and caudal scales. Specimens -from Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz islands, as stated below, seem to show -that this form has been developed from <i>S. biseriatus</i> stock.</p> - -<p>Five specimens (Nos. 4534-4538) in the collection of the California -Academy of Sciences were secured by Mr. R. H. Beck on San Miguel -Island, March 26, 1903.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>3. Gerrhonotus scincicauda</b> <i>Skilton</i>.</p> - -<p>One specimen (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4539) was taken by Mr. Beck on San -Miguel Island, March 26, 1903. It has dorsals in 14-1/2 × 49 rows, -temporals smooth, scales on arm and forearm smooth, and dark ventral -lines along the middles of the scale rows. It seems to differ from -the Santa Rosa Island specimens only in the slightly more feeble -carination of the scales generally, the small size of the azygous<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> -prefrontal and of the scales on the under surface of the forearm, and -a tendency toward the formation of fourteen rows of ventral scales -shown by the presence of a few small scales along the edge of each -lateral fold in addition to the usual twelve longitudinal rows. There -are sixty-six ventrals in a row between the chin and the anus.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Santa Rosa Island.</span></h3> - -<p>I have examined one species of <i>Batrachoseps</i> and two kinds of lizards -from this island. The <i>Gerrhonotus</i> has already been reported from the -island, the others are new to its known fauna.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Batrachoseps pacificus</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<p>Dr. Gustav Eisen secured eight specimens of <i>Batrachoseps</i> on Santa -Rosa Island in June, 1897. These are now in the collection of the -Academy (Nos. 3877-3880 and 3891-3894) and seem to differ in no -respect from the form found on San Miguel Island. All have seventeen -costal grooves.</p> - -<p>The measurements of these specimens are</p> - -<blockquote class="sm"> -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td>Length to anus</td> - <td>21</td> - <td>22</td> - <td>24</td> - <td>32</td> - <td>33</td> - <td>35</td> - <td>41</td> - <td>42</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Length of tail</td> - <td>14</td> - <td>16</td> - <td>21</td> - <td>23</td> - <td>23</td> - <td>...</td> - <td>46</td> - <td>27</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Width of head</td> - <td> 3</td> - <td> 3</td> - <td> 3¾</td> - <td> 5</td> - <td> 4½</td> - <td> 5</td> - <td> 5</td> - <td> 6</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to orbit</td> - <td> 1½</td> - <td> 1¼</td> - <td> 1½</td> - <td> 2</td> - <td> 2¼</td> - <td> 2</td> - <td> 2¼</td> - <td> 2½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to gular fold</td> - <td> 5</td> - <td> 5</td> - <td> 6</td> - <td> 7¼</td> - <td> 7</td> - <td> 8</td> - <td> 8½</td> - <td> 9½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to fore limb</td> - <td> 6</td> - <td> 6</td> - <td> 8</td> - <td>10</td> - <td> 9</td> - <td>10</td> - <td>12</td> - <td>12</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Between limbs</td> - <td>13</td> - <td>14</td> - <td>15</td> - <td>21</td> - <td>19</td> - <td>23</td> - <td>26</td> - <td>26</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fore limb</td> - <td> 4½</td> - <td> 4</td> - <td> 5</td> - <td> 6¼</td> - <td> 6</td> - <td> 6</td> - <td> 7¼</td> - <td> 8</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hind limb</td> - <td> 4½</td> - <td> 4</td> - <td> 5</td> - <td> 6½</td> - <td> 6</td> - <td> 6¼</td> - <td> 7½</td> - <td> 8</td> - </tr> -</table> -</blockquote> - -<p class="center p2"><b>2. Sceloporus biseriatus becki</b> <i>Van Denburgh</i>.</p> - -<p>A series of eight <i>Scelopori</i> collected on Santa Rosa Island by Dr. -Gustav Eisen in June, 1897, seems to show that the differentiation -from <i>S. biseriatus</i> has not progressed so far on this island as on -San Miguel.<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> Thus although all the adult specimens from Santa Rosa -Island show the coloration of the San Miguel Island form, only two -have the typical arrangement of the supraoculars, while the other -six specimens have <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span>the frontoparietal separated from the enlarged -supraoculars. The less highly colored young males show a single -median blue throat patch, as in <i>S. biseriatus</i>, indicating that the -island lizard is more closely related to that species than to <i>S. -occidentalis</i>.</p> - -<p>The fact that the characters of this form seem to be constant on -San Miguel while varying toward <i>S. biseriatus</i> on Santa Rosa and -Santa Cruz islands raises an interesting question in nomenclature: -Should the San Miguel Island form be regarded as a species or as a -subspecies? If these lizards inhabited a peninsula one would use a -trinomial for them all, but since they are found on well separated -islands the facts seem to be best expressed by the nomenclature -adopted above.</p> - -<p class="center p2">3. <b>Gerrhonotus scincicauda</b> <i>Skilton</i>.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">PLATE VII, Figs. 3-4.</span></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Gerrhonotus scincicauda</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Occas. Papers, -Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 106.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>I am unable to distinguish six specimens (Cal. Acad. Sci. Nos. -3881-3883 and 3896-3898) collected on Santa Rosa Island from the -species now known as <i>G. scincicauda</i>; that is to say, the form with -fourteen longitudinal rows of scales, single interoccipital plate, -large azygous prefrontal, longitudinal lines along the middle of each -row of ventral scales, and smooth temporals. This clearly is the form -to which Baird and Girard applied the name <i>G. scincicauda</i>, but that -it is the species originally described by Skilton seems far from -certain.<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></p> - -<p>The specimens from Santa Rosa Island all have dorsals in fourteen -longitudinal series. The number of transverse series <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span>between the -interoccipital plate and the backs of the thighs is fifty in one -specimen, fifty-one in three, fifty-two in one, and fifty-three -in one. One has the brachial scales very weakly keeled. They were -collected by Dr. Gustav Eisen in June, 1897.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Santa Cruz Island.</span></h3> - -<p>A <i>Hyla</i> and two species of lizards have heretofore been recorded -as inhabiting Santa Cruz Island. Another lizard is here reported for the -first time.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Hyla regilla</b> <i>Baird & Girard</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Hyla regilla</i> <span class="smcap">Yarrow</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, -1882, p. 171; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, -p. 360.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Yarrow and Cope record this species as having been collected on -Santa Cruz Island by Mr. H. W. Henshaw in June, 1875, but another -portion of the same lot of specimens (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8686) is -stated to be from Santa Cruz, California. Mr. Henshaw tells me he -never has collected in Santa Cruz County, and that these specimens -unquestionably came from Santa Cruz Island where he collected in the -summer of 1875.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>2. Uta stansburiana</b> <i>Baird & Girard</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Uta stansburiana</i> <span class="smcap">Yarrow</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. -24, 1882, p. 56; <span class="smcap">Townsend</span>, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, -1890, p. 144; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. -Sci. 5, 1897, p. 68; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 -(1900), p. 310.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>The register of the United States National Museum states that two -specimens of this lizard (No. 8619) were collected by Dr. O. Loew, -on Santa Cruz Island in June, 1875. These lizards are still in the -National collection and are of considerable interest since they, and -two from Ana Capa Island, are the only ones I have seen which approach -the San Benito Island <i>Uta</i> (described below) in the character of -their dorsal lepidosis. That these specimens actually were collected -by Dr. Loew on Santa Cruz Island is, I think, open to little doubt, -since he, with Mr. H. W. Henshaw and Dr. J. T. Rothrock, visited this -island in June, 1875.<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span></p> - -<p>A series of eight specimens collected on Santa Cruz Island, February -7, 1889, by Mr. C. H. Townsend of the U. S. Fish Commission, (U. S. -Nat. Mus. Nos. 15909-15917) are all of the ordinary <i>Uta stansburiana</i> -type with imbricate dorsals and mucronate caudals. Four others, taken -by Mr. Joseph Grinnell at Friar's Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, are also -of the usual type. These have femoral pores 13-14, 15-15, 12-13, and -15-15.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>3. Sceloporus biseriatus becki</b> <i>Van Denburgh</i>.</p> - -<p>Mr. Joseph Grinnell has kindly sent me five specimens of the -<i>Sceloporus</i> of Santa Cruz Island, three of which he has given to the -Academy. All five show the characteristic coloration of <i>S. becki</i>. -Three have the supraoculars in contact with the frontoparietals on -both sides of the head, one has these scales in contact on one side -but separated on the other, and the fifth specimen has granules -intervening on both sides.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>4. Gerrhonotus scincicauda</b> <i>Skilton</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Gerrhonotus scincicaudus</i> <span class="smcap">Yarrow</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. -Mus. no. 24, 1882, p. 48; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Occas. Papers, -Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 106.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Gerrhonotus multicarinatus</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. -Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 525.</p> - -</blockquote> -<p>Yarrow and Cope record two specimens (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8626) -collected on Santa Cruz Island by Mr. H. W. Henshaw in June, 1875. One -of these is still in the National Museum, where I examined it some -years ago.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Ana Capa Island.</span></h3> - -<p>I believe no reptiles have been recorded from Ana Capa. Only the -following species has come into my hands.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Uta stansburiana</b> <i>Baird & Girard</i>.</p> - -<p>Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me seven specimens collected on Ana -Capa Island, September 4, 1903. Five of these are typical <i>U. -stansburiana</i>, but the other two have dorsals similar to those of the -two specimens collected by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> Dr. Loew on Santa Cruz Island; that is to -say, they approach in this respect the <i>Uta</i> of San Benito Island. The -dorsal scales, however, are well keeled and the caudals are of the -normal type. The femoral pores in the Ana Capa specimens are 14-14, -14-15, 14-?, 14-15, 14-14, 14-15, and 14-15.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">San Nicolas Island.</span></h3> - -<p>San Nicolas Island is the type locality of <i>Xantusia riversiana</i>. No -other reptile has been found there.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Xantusia riversiana</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Plate V, Fig. 2.</span></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Xantusia riversiana</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. -Phila. 1883, p. 29; <span class="smcap">Rivers</span>, Am. Nat. v. 23, 1889, p. -1100; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, -1895, p. 534; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. -Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. -1898 (1900), p. 552.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>In describing this species Cope failed to state where his specimens -were collected. Rivers later assigned them to San Nicolas Island, but -the matter has remained open to question. I am, therefore, very glad -to be able to record the fact that Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me -three specimens of this <i>Xantusia</i> taken by himself on San Nicolas -Island, May 22-23, 1897. One of these specimens is uniform drab, with -a few dark spots. The others are of the handsome striped style of -coloration (see plate).</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Santa Barbara Island.</span></h3> - -<p>I believe no reptiles or amphibians have been recorded from this -island. I have seen only the following species:</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Xantusia riversiana</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<p>Mr. Joseph Grinnell has sent me four Xantusias from Santa Barbara -Island. They are smaller than the specimens I have seen from the other -islands, but seem to differ in no other respect. The largest is 64 -mm. from snout to vent. All are dark drab above with small, discrete<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> -black spots. One shows traces of longitudinal dorsal bands near the -tail.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Santa Catalina Island.</span></h3> - -<p>One salamander, two lizards, and a rattlesnake have been taken on -Santa Catalina.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Batrachoseps attenuatus</b> (<i>Eschscholtz</i>).</p> - -<p>A single specimen collected at Avalon, Santa Catalina Island, by Mr. -A. M. Drake (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 3726) seems indistinguishable from -the mainland species. It has nineteen costal grooves, slender limbs, -and narrow head. The coloration is uniform slaty brown above, paler -below. Three specimens secured on this island by Mr. Fuchs differ from -this one only in the slightly paler coloration.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>2. Uta stansburiana</b> <i>Baird & Girard</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Uta stansburiana</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 -(1900), p. 311.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>This lizard has been recorded from Santa Catalina by Professor Cope. -Two specimens collected at Avalon by Mr. J. I. Carlson are in the -collection of the Academy (Nos. 4754 and 4755). They seem to be fairly -typical <i>U. stansburiana</i> with moderately imbricate dorsals. The -femoral pores are thirteen or fourteen.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>3. Xantusia riversiana</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Xantusia riversiana</i> <span class="smcap">Rivers</span>, Am. Nat. v. 23, 1889, p. -1100; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, -1895, p. 534; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. -Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>I have seen no specimens of this lizard from Santa Catalina, but Mr. -J. J. Rivers states that he has received several from this island.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>4. Crotalus oregonus</b> <i>Holbrook</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Crotalus lucifer</i> <span class="smcap">Yarrow</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. -24, 1882, p. 76; <span class="smcap">Stejneger</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. -1893 (1895), p. 447.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Yarrow records a rattlesnake as having been taken by Mr. P. Schumacher -on Santa Catalina Island in 1876.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> Stejneger also refers to its -presence there. I have seen no snakes from any of the Californian -islands.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">San Clemente Island.</span></h3> - -<p>Two species of lizards are known from this island.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Uta stansburiana</b> <i>Baird & Girard</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Uta stansburiana</i> <span class="smcap">Townsend</span>, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. -13, 1890, p. 144; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Occas. Papers, Cal. -Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 68; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. -Mus. 1898 (1900), pp. 310, 311.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Two specimens were taken on San Clemente Island by C. H. Townsend in -1889. Mr. A. W. Anthony and Dr. E. A. Mearns also found the species -there and sent specimens to the National Museum.</p> - -<p>I have examined those collected by Mr. Townsend and Mr. Anthony and -six specimens sent me by Mr. Joseph Grinnell, of which three are now -in the collection of the Academy, and am unable to distinguish the -island lizards from the form originally described by Baird and Girard. -The femoral pores in three specimens are eleven, twelve, and fourteen.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>2. Xantusia riversiana</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<p class="center sm"><span class="smcap">Plate V, Fig. 1.</span></p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Xantusia riversiana</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. -v. 12, 1889, p. 147; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. -Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 534; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Occas. -Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 132; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, -U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), pp. 552, 553.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>This lizard was found on San Clemente by Mr. C. H. Townsend. I have -examined several specimens in the collections of the University of -California and the California Academy of Sciences without finding -differences between them and specimens from San Nicolas and Santa -Barbara Islands.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Los Coronados.</span></h3> - -<p>I believe that only one reptile from Los Coronados is represented in -collections, but I am informed that several<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> other kinds, including -<i>Gerrhonotus</i> and <i>Hypsiglena</i>, occur on these islands<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a>.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Crotalus oregonus</b> <i>Holbrook</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Crotalus adamanteus atrox</i> <span class="smcap">Streets</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. -Mus. no. 7, 1877, p. 40; <span class="smcap">Yarrow</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. -no. 24, 1882, p. 75 [part].</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Crotalus atrox</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d -ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 156 [part].</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Crotalus lucifer</i> <span class="smcap">Stejneger</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. -1893 (1895), pp. 445, 447.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Crotalus confluentus confluentus</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. -Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 1173 [part].</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Streets recorded as <i>Crotalus adamanteus atrox</i> a rattlesnake which he -secured on Los Coronados. Dr. Stejneger has shown that this specimen, -which is still in the National Museum, is a Pacific Rattlesnake.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">San Martin Island.</span></h3> - -<p>The only reptile heretofore known from San Martin is a gopher snake -found by Dr. Streets. The Academy has also specimens of two species -of lizards from the island, both of which are here described as new. -The <i>Uta</i> probably is confined to the island, while the <i>Gerrhonotus</i> -seems to be found throughout the San Diegan Fauna.</p> - -<p class="center"><b>1. Uta martinensis</b> sp. nov.</p> - -<p class="center sm"><span class="smcap">Plate VI.</span></p> - -<blockquote class="sm"> -<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Similar to <i>U. stansburiana</i> but larger; -fifth toe reaching to or beyond end of second; dorsals imbricate, -mucronate, strongly keeled; scales on upper surfaces of arm and thigh -keeled; scales of ear-denticulation longer than the longest diameter -of largest temporal; caudals large, imbricate, strongly keeled and -mucronate.</p> - -<p><i>Type.</i>—Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4698, San Martin -Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span></p> - -<p><i>Description of the Type.</i>—Body and head considerably -depressed; snout low, rounded; nostrils large, opening upward -and outward nearer to end of snout than to orbit; head plates -large, smooth, nearly flat, interparietal largest; frontal divided -transversely; 3 or 4 enlarged supraoculars, separated from -the frontals and frontoparietals by 1 series of small plates; -superciliaries long, narrow and projecting; central subocular very -long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral and supralabials long -and low; 6 supralabials; symphyseal small, followed on each side -by a series of 5 or more large plates which are separated from the -infralabials by 1 or 2 series of sublabials; gular region covered -with smooth, hexagonal or rounded scales changing to granules on the -sides of the neck and to larger imbricate scales on the strong gular -fold, largest on the denticulate edge of gular fold where larger than -scales on belly; a group of enlarged plates in front of ear-opening; -ear denticulation very long, of 3 scales, largest exceeding in length -longest diameter of largest plate in front of ear; back covered -centrally with nearly uniform imbricate, keeled scales which change -gradually to granules on neck and sides of body, and become mucronate -posteriorly; scales largest on tail, strongly imbricate, strongly -keeled and mucronate above and on sides; posterior surfaces of thighs -and arms covered with small granular scales similar to those on sides -of body; other surfaces of limbs provided with imbricate scales, -keeled on upper surfaces of arm, forearm, thigh, leg, and foot; -adpressed fore limb not reaching insertion of thigh; fifth finger -reaching about to end of second; fifth toe reaching to or beyond -end of second; femoral pores 15; 17-23 of largest dorsals equaling -shielded part of head.</p> - -<p>Head above grayish olive; central portion of neck and back dark -brown, with 2 series of rather indefinite darker brown blotches each -bordered behind and sometimes laterally by pale blue scales; some -scattered pale blue dots on back and upper surfaces of limbs and -tail; tail marbled with brown and blue; sides mottled with brown and -pale bluish yellow, forming stripes on sides of neck; chin and gular -region indigo, mottled with bluish yellow at sides; postaxillary -blotch blackish indigo; lower surfaces of body, limbs and tail grayish -indigo.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td>Length to anus</td> - <td>62</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Length of tail</td> - <td>92</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to ear</td> - <td>15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Shielded part of head</td> - <td>14</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Width of head</td> - <td>13</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fore limb</td> - <td>26</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hind limb</td> - <td>46</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Base of fifth to end of fourth toe</td> - <td>18</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fifth toe</td> - <td>10</td> - </tr> -</table> -</blockquote> - -<p>Only one specimen of this <i>Uta</i> was secured.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>2. Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus</b> subsp. nov.</p> - -<p class="center sm"><span class="smcap">Plate VII, Figs. 1-2.</span></p> - -<blockquote class="sm"> -<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Similar to <i>G. scincicauda</i> but with -scales generally more strongly carinate; temporal scales keeled; -dorsal <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg -20]</a></span> and caudal scales strongly keeled; scales of arm and -forearm keeled; lower lateral caudals keeled; dorsals in 14 (sometimes -12-2/2) longitudinal rows; dark lines along the middles of ventral -rows; azygous prefrontal large; interoccipital single; back usually -with complete dark cross-bands.</p> - -<p><i>Type.</i>—Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4699, San Martin Island, Lower -California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903.</p> - -<p><i>Description.</i>—Body long and rather slender, with short limbs -and very long tail; head pointed with flat top and nearly vertical -sides, its temporal regions often greatly swollen in old specimens; -rostral plate rounded in upper outline; on top of head behind rostral -a pair of small internasals, a pair of small frontonasals, a very -large azygous prefrontal, a pair of large prefrontals, a long frontal, -a pair of frontoparietals, 2 parietals separated by an interparietal, -a pair of occipitals, and an interoccipital; 2 series (of 5 and 3) -supraoculars and a series of small superciliaries; temporal scales -keeled, lower sometimes only weakly; upper labials much larger than -lower; 2 series of large sublabial plates below infralabials, lower -larger; gular scales smooth and imbricate; scales on arm and forearm -keeled; scales on upper surfaces and sides of neck, body and tail -large, rhomboidal, slightly oblique, strongly keeled, strengthened -with bony plates, and arranged in both transverse and longitudinal -series; number of longitudinal dorsal series 12<sup>2</sup>/<sub>2</sub>-14; number of -transverse series between interoccipital plate and backs of thighs -42-43; a band of granules along each side from large ear-opening to -anus, usually hidden by a strong fold; ventral plates about size of -dorsals, smooth, imbricate and arranged in 12 longitudinal series; -number</p> - -<p>The ground color above is olive-brown, more grayish on the sides, -crossed by from 9-11 dark bands. These dark bands may be brown or -brownish black, continuous or broken, and are darker laterally, where -their scales are tipped with white. Tail proximally marked like -back, distally unicolor. Head and limbs unicolor or with traces of -olive-brown mottlings. Lower surfaces suffused with gray, edges of -scales lighter, darker gray or slate-colored lines along the middle of -each longitudinal scale row.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td>Length to anus</td> - <td>103</td> - <td>110</td> - <td>117<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Length of tail</td> - <td>167</td> - <td>128<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a></td> - <td>125<a name="FNanchor_9a_9a" id="FNanchor_9a_9a"></a><a href="#Footnote_9a_9a" class="fnanchor">[9a]</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to ear</td> - <td>21</td> - <td>25</td> - <td>26</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Width of head</td> - <td>14</td> - <td>19</td> - <td>20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Head to interoccipital</td> - <td>17</td> - <td>20</td> - <td>21</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fore limb</td> - <td>27</td> - <td>30</td> - <td>33</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hind limb</td> - <td>34</td> - <td>38</td> - <td>41</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Base of fifth to end of fourth toe</td> - <td>11</td> - <td>12</td> - <td>13</td> - </tr> -</table> -</blockquote> - -<p>The three specimens of <i>Gerrhonotus</i> from San Martin Island are -very similar to the species now known as <i>G. scincicauda</i>, but are -much rougher than specimens from central and northern California. -Reëxamination of the Californian material at hand shows that the San -Martin Island form is found throughout the San Diegan Fauna and the -western<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> slope of the southern Sierra Nevada below the range of <i>G. -palmeri</i>. It may be distinguished from its more northern relative by -the following synopsis of characters:—</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm">a.—Temporals smooth; scales on arm smooth; scales on forearm -smooth or weakly keeled; lateral caudals five scales behind anus -smooth 6-9 rows from inferior mid-caudal line.</p> - -<p class="sm right ph"><b>G. scincicauda.</b></p> - -<p class="sm">a.<sup>2</sup>—Temporals keeled; scales on arm keeled; scales on -forearm keeled; lateral caudals 5 scales behind anus smooth only -4-5 rows from inferior mid-caudal line.</p> - -<p class="sm right ph"><b>G. s. ignavus.</b></p> -</blockquote> - -<p class="center p2"><b>3. Pituophis catenifer</b> (<i>Blainville</i>).</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Pituophis sayi bellona</i> <span class="smcap">Streets</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. -no. 7, 1877, p. 40; <span class="smcap">Yarrow</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. -24, 1882, p. 106; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 -(1900), p. 876.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Pituophis catenifer deserticola</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. -Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, P. 149.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>A young gopher snake taken on San Martin Island by Dr. Streets is -still in the National Museum. The Academy has an adult specimen (No. -4702) collected there by Mr. Beck, May 3, 1903.</p> - - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">San Benito Island.</span></h3> - -<p>I know of no records of reptiles from San Benito. The Academy has -received specimens of but one kind of lizard, which is here described -as new.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Uta stellata</b> sp. nov.</p> - -<p class="center sm"><span class="smcap">Plate VIII.</span></p> - -<blockquote class="sm"> -<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Similar to <i>U. stansburiana</i>, but with -dorsal scales not imbricate, not mucronate, often separated by -minute granules, a few of the dorsal rows weakly keeled; caudals -weakly keeled and very shortly mucronate, not imbricate; -fifth toe not reaching end of second.</p> - -<p><i>Type.</i>—Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4704, San Benito -Island, Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 6, 1903.</p> - -<p><i>Description.</i>—Body and head considerably depressed; -snout low, rounded and rather long; nostrils large, opening upward -and outward nearer to end of snout than to orbit; head plates -large, smooth, nearly flat, interparietal largest; frontal divided -transversely; 4 or 5 enlarged supraoculars, separated from the -frontals by 1 and from the frontoparietals by 2 series of granules; -superciliaries long, narrow and projecting; central subocular very -long, narrow and strongly keeled; rostral and supralabials long -and low; 6 or 7 supralabials; symphyseal <span class="pagenum"><a -name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span>moderately small, -followed by 2 or 3 pairs of larger plates separated from the -infralabials by 1 or 2 series of moderately enlarged sublabials; -gular region covered with small, smooth, hexagonal or rounded scales -which change gradually to granules on sides of neck and to larger -imbricate scales on the strong gular fold, largest on denticulate edge -of gular fold where somewhat larger than ventrals; several enlarged -plates in front of ear-opening; ear denticulation short, of 3 scales, -the largest not exceeding in length diameter of largest plate in -front of ear; back covered with tubercular scales of nearly uniform -size becoming granular toward neck and sides of body, scales of -central rows very weakly keeled, not imbricate, not mucronate, often -separated by minute granules; scales largest on tail, very weakly -keeled, shortly mucronate above and on sides, not imbricate; posterior -surfaces of thighs and arms covered with small granular scales similar -to those on sides of body; other surfaces of limbs provided with -imbricate scales, smooth on arm and nearly smooth on forearm and -thigh, keeled on upper surface of leg; femoral pores 15 and 16; 26-30 -largest dorsals equal shielded part of head; fifth finger not reaching -end of second; fifth toe not reaching end of second; adpressed fore -limb not reaching insertion of thigh.</p> - -<p>Head above uniform olive-brown; central portion of the neck, back -and base of tail with a uniform brown ground with thickly scattered -dots of pale blue on single scales; sides yellowish brown with -scattered scales of pale yellow; upper surfaces of limbs and tail -light brown dotted with pale blue; chin and gular region deep indigo -with yellowish marks laterally and on labials; lower surfaces of -body and limbs grayish indigo; large postaxillary blotch of blackish -indigo.</p> - -<p><i>Female.</i>—Similar in all respects except femoral pores 13 -and 15; light dots on back, limbs and tail indistinct; 2 rows of dark -brown dorsal blotches becoming 1 row on tail; an indistinct series of -brown lateral blotches; limbs with faint brown cross-bars.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td>Sex</td> - <td>♀</td> - <td>♂(type)</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Length to anus</td> - <td>49</td> - <td>61</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Length of tail</td> - <td>59</td> - <td>76</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to ear</td> - <td>11</td> - <td>14</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Shielded part of head</td> - <td>11</td> - <td>13</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Width of head</td> - <td>10</td> - <td>12</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fore limb</td> - <td>22</td> - <td>26</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hind limb</td> - <td>37</td> - <td>43</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Base of fifth to end of fourth toe</td> - <td>15</td> - <td>18</td> - </tr> -</table> -</blockquote> - -<p>Two specimens of this lizard were secured.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Cerros Island.</span></h3> - -<p>One amphibian and seven reptiles have been recorded from Cerros or -Cedros Island. I have no specimens from this island.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Hyla regilla</b> <i>Baird & Girard</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Hyla regilla</i> <span class="smcap">Streets</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 7, -1877, p. 35; <span class="smcap">Yarrow</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24 -1882, p. 171; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 34, 1889, -p. 360; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. -5, 1895, p. 556.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Hyla curla</i> <span class="smcap">Belding</span>, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, -1887, p. 99.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Found by Dr. Streets near a spring of fresh water on the southeastern -side of the island. It was also taken by Mr. Belding.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>2. Uta stansburiana</b> <i>Baird & Girard</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Uta stansburiana</i> <span class="smcap">Streets</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. -7, 1877, p. 37; <span class="smcap">Yarrow</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 24, -1882, p. 57; <span class="smcap">Belding</span>, West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, -1887, p. 98; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d -ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 105; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. -1898 (1900), p. 310.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>This <i>Uta</i> was collected by Dr. Streets and Mr. Belding.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>3. Sceloporus zosteromus</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Sceloporus clarki clarki</i> <span class="smcap">Belding</span>, West Am. Scientist, -v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 99.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Sceloporus zosteromus</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. -Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; <span class="smcap">Boulenger</span>, Proc. Zool. -Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 498; <span class="smcap">Mocquard</span>, Nouv. Arch. Mus. -sér. 4, v. 1, 1899, p. 314.</p> - -</blockquote> -<p>This lizard has been taken only by Mr. Belding.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>4. Phrynosoma cerroense</b> <i>Stejneger</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Phrynosoma hernandezi</i> <span class="smcap">Belding</span>, West Am. Scientist, v. -3, 1887, p. 99.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Phrynosoma cerroense</i> <span class="smcap">Stejneger</span>, N. Am. Fauna, no. 7, -1893, p. 187; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d -ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 119; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. -1898 (1900), p. 428, fig. 75.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>This form is known from a single specimen collected by Mr. Belding.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>5. Verticaria hyperythra beldingi</b> (<i>Stejneger</i>).</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Verticaria beldingi</i> <span class="smcap">Stejneger</span> Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. -1894, p. 17.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Verticaria hyperythra beldingi</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. -Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 131.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Cerros Island is the type locality of this form.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>6. Cnemidophorus multiscutatus</b> (<i>Cope</i>).</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Cnemidophorus tessellatus multiscutatus</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Trans. -Am. Philos. Soc. v. 17, art. 3, 1892, p. 38; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, -Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 586.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Cnemidophorus multiscutatus</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. -Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 126.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Professor Cope described this form from specimens secured on Cerros -Island.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>7. Cnemidophorus labialis</b> <i>Stejneger</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Cnemidophorus labialis</i> <span class="smcap">Stejneger</span>, Proc. U. S. Nat. -Mus. 1889, p. 643; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. v. 17, -art. 3, 1892, p. 51; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. -Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 128; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. -Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 610.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Cerros Island is the type locality of this species also. Five -specimens were collected by Mr. Belding.</p> - - -<p class="center p2"><b>8. Crotalus exsul</b> <i>Garman</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Crotalus exsul</i> <span class="smcap">Garman</span>, Mem. Mus. Compar. Zool. Camb. -v. 8, no. 3, 1883, pp. 114, 174; <span class="smcap">Garman</span>, Bull. Essex -Inst. v. 16, no. 1, 1884, p. 35; <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. -Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 157.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Under this name Garman has described from two specimens a small -rattlesnake from Cerros Island. It seems very closely related to <i>C. -atrox</i>.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Natividad Island.</span></h3> - -<p>I have seen only one lizard from this island.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Uta stansburiana</b> <i>Baird & Girard</i>.</p> - -<p>A single specimen (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 4705) of this <i>Uta</i> was secured -on Natividad by Mr. R. H. Beck, May 9, 1903.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Magdalena Island.</span></h3> - -<p>I have elsewhere recorded six species of lizards from this island. -It is necessary only to mention them here. The specimens are in the -collection of the Academy.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Dipsosaurus dorsalis</b> <i>Baird & Girard</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Dipsosaurus dorsalis</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. -Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 93.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>One was secured by Mr. Bryant in March, 1889.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>2. Crotaphytus wislizenii</b> <i>Baird & Girard</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Crotaphytus copeii?</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. -Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 95.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Upon reëxamination, I am unable to separate two specimens from -Magdalena Island from the common form of this lizard.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>3. Uta nigricauda</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Uta nigricauda</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d -ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 108.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Mr. Bryant secured a number of these lizards on Magdalena Island in -1888 and 1889.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>4. Sceloporus zosteromus</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Sceloporus zosteromus</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. -Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; <span class="smcap">Boulenger</span>, Proc. Zool. -Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 499; <span class="smcap">Mocquard</span>, Nouv. Arch. Mus. -sér. 4, 1899, P. 314; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. -1898 (1900), p. 358.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>The Academy has eight examples of this lizard taken on Magdalena by -Mr. Bryant in February and March, 1889.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>5. Verticaria hyperythra beldingi</b> (<i>Stejneger</i>).</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Verticaria hyperythra beldingi</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. -Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 132.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Three specimens were collected by Mr. Bryant in March, 1889.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>6. Cnemidophorus rubidus</b> (<i>Cope</i>).</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Cnemidophorus rubidus</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. -Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 127.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>A lizard of this species was taken on Magdalena Island in March, 1889, -by Mr. W. E. Bryant.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Santa Margarita Island.</span></h3> - -<p>Five reptiles are known from this island. I have not seen specimens of -the <i>Bascanion</i> and cannot judge of its distinctness.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Callisaurus ventralis</b> (<i>Hallowell</i>).</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Callisaurus ventralis</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. -Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 98.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>A female of this species, taken on Santa Margarita by Mr. Bryant, -March 5, 1889, is in the collection of the Academy.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>2. Sceloporus zosteromus</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Sceloporus zosteromus</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. -Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 110; <span class="smcap">Boulenger</span>, Proc. Zool. -Soc. Lond. 1897, p. 499; <span class="smcap">Mocquard</span>, Nouv. Arch. Mus. -sér. 4, 1899, p. 314; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. -1898 (1900), p. 358.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Two examples were secured by Mr. Bryant on Santa Margarita, March 1, -1889.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>3. Cnemidophorus rubidus</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Cnemidophorus tessellatus rubidus</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Trans. -Am. Philos. Soc. 1892, p. 36, pl. <span class="smcap">XII</span>, fig. F; -<span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 584, fig. 110.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Cnemidophorus rubidus</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. -Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 127.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Santa Margarita Island is the type locality of this species, which was -described from seven specimens brought back by the <i>Albatross</i>.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>4. Bascanion laterale fuliginosum</b> (<i>Cope</i>).</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Bascanion laterale</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 12, -1889, p. 147.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><i>Zamenis lateralis fuliginosus</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Am. Nat. v. -29, 1895, p. 679; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 -(1900), p. 809, fig. 178.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>This snake was described from two specimens taken by the naturalists -of the <i>Albatross</i>. I have seen none.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>5. Crotalus mitchellii</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Crotalus mitchellii</i> <span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>, Proc. Cal. Acad. -Sci. 2d ser. v. 5, 1895, p. 160; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. -Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 1196.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>A single rattlesnake of this species, taken by Mr. W. E. Bryant in -February, 1889, is the only record for this island.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Socorro Island.</span></h3> - -<p>The following lizard is the only reptile known from this island.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Uta auriculata</b> <i>Cope</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Uta auriculata</i> <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. v. -14, 1871, p. 303; <span class="smcap">Boulenger</span>, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. v. 2, -1885, p. 214; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, -p. 35; <span class="smcap">Townsend</span>, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. 13, 1890, p. -143; <span class="smcap">Cope</span>, Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 300.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>This <i>Uta</i> was first described by Cope in 1871 from material<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> -collected by Grayson. Townsend secured nine specimens which are now in -the National Museum. The California Academy of Sciences has seventeen, -taken by its expedition to the Revilla Gigedo Islands in 1903.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Clarion Island.</span></h3> - -<p>Although smaller than Socorro and farther from the mainland, Clarion -Island is better supplied with reptiles than its larger neighbor, -since it possesses a snake as well as a <i>Uta</i>, while Socorro has only -a <i>Uta</i>.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>1. Uta clarionensis</b> <i>Townsend</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Uta clarionensis</i> <span class="smcap">Townsend</span>, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. -13, 1890, p. 143; <span class="smcap">Stejneger</span>, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. v. -23, 1901, p. 715.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>This lizard was first collected by Mr. C. H. Townsend who described it -from five specimens. Mr. A. W. Anthony also secured it, in 1897, and -sent specimens to the National Museum. The Academy has three taken by -Mr. Beck.</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>2. Bascanion anthonyi</b> <i>Stejneger</i>.</p> - -<blockquote> -<p class="sm"><i>Bascanion anthonyi</i> <span class="smcap">Stejneger</span>, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. -v. 23, 1901, p. 715.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>Dr. Stejneger described this snake from thirteen specimens sent to the -National Museum by Mr. Anthony. The Academy has eight examples of the -species. The scale-rows are seventeen in all these specimens, while -the gastrosteges vary from one hundred and eighty-seven to one hundred -and ninety-six and the urosteges from ninety-three to one hundred and -seven.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm pa">EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.</p></div> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Autodax lugubris farallonensis</i> subsp. nov.</p> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Type</i>, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3731, South Farallon Island, -California, Charles Fuchs, February 8, 1899.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 1. General view, natural size.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 2. Head from above, × 2.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 3. Head from below, × 2.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 4. Head from side, × 2.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 5. Mouth, × 2-1/2.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 6. Hind limb, × 2.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 7. Fore limb, × 2.</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width:440px;"> - <p><span class="smcap">Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.</span> 3<span class="xs"><sup>D</sup></span>. <span class="smcap">Ser. Zool. Vol. IV.</span></p> - <p class="ph right">[<span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>] <span class="smcap">Plate II</span>.</p> - <img - class="ph" - id="plate_002_small" - src="images/plate_002_small.png" - width="440" - height="600" - alt="" /> - <p class="ph xxs center">MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY, S.F.</p> - </div> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm p4">EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.</p></div> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Batrachoseps pacificus</i> Cope.</p> - -<p class="center sm">Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4601, San Miguel Island, California, R. H. -Beck, March 23, 1903.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 1. General view, natural size.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 2. Head and neck from above, × 3.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 3. Head and neck from below, × 3.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 4. Head and neck from side, × 3.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 5. Mouth, × 3-1/2.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 6. Fore limb, × 3-1/2.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 7. Hind limb, × 3-1/2.</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width:414px;"> - <p><span class="smcap">Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.</span> 3<span class="xs"><sup>D</sup></span>. <span class="smcap">Ser. Zool. Vol. IV.</span></p> - <p class="ph right">[<span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>] <span class="smcap">Plate III</span>.</p> - <img - class="ph" - id="plate_003_small" - src="images/plate_003_small.png" - width="414" - height="600" - alt="" /> - <p class="ph xxs center">MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY, S.F.</p> - </div> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm p4">EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.</p></div> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Sceloporus becki</i> sp. nov.</p> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Type</i>, Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4537, San Miguel Island, -California, R. H. Beck, March 26, 1903.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 1. General view, natural size.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 2. Head from below, × 2-1/2.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 3. Head from above, × 2-1/2.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 4. Head from side, × 2-1/2.</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width:600px;"> - <p><span class="smcap">Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.</span> 3<span class="xs"><sup>D</sup></span>. <span class="smcap">Ser. Zool. Vol. IV.</span></p> - <p class="ph right">[<span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>] <span class="smcap">Plate IV</span>.</p> - <img - class="ph" - id="plate_004_small" - src="images/plate_004_small.png" - width="600" - height="332" - alt="" /> - <p class="ph xxs center">MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY, S.F.</p> - </div> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm p4">EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.</p></div> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Xantusia riversiana</i> Cope.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 1. Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3571, San Clemente Island, California. -General view, × 2/3.</span></p> - -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 2. Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 6613, San Nicolas Island, California, -Joseph Grinnell, May 22, 1897. Natural size.</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width:480px;"> - <p><span class="smcap">Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.</span> 3<span class="xs"><sup>D</sup></span>. <span class="smcap">Ser. Zool. Vol. IV.</span></p> - <p class="ph right">[<span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>] <span class="smcap">Plate V</span>.</p> - <img - class="ph" - id="plate_005_small" - src="images/plate_005_small.png" - width="480" - height="600" - alt="" /> - <p class="ph xxs center">MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY, S.F.</p> - </div> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm p4">EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.</p></div> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Uta martinensis</i> sp. nov.</p> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Type</i>, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4698, San Martin Island, Lower -California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 1. General view, natural size.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 2. Head from above, × 2-1/2.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 3. Head from side, × 2-1/2.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 4. Scales of back, × 3.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 5. Hind limb, × 1-3/4.</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width:430px;"> - <p><span class="smcap">Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.</span> 3<span class="xs"><sup>D</sup></span>. <span class="smcap">Ser. Zool. Vol. IV.</span></p> - <p class="ph right">[<span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>] <span class="smcap">Plate VI</span>.</p> - <img - class="ph" - id="plate_006_small" - src="images/plate_006_small.png" - width="430" - height="600" - alt="" /> - <p class="ph xxs center">MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY, S.F.</p> - </div> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm p4">EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.</p></div> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus</i> subsp. nov.</p> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Type</i>, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4699, San Martin Island, Lower -California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 3, 1903.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 1. Head from side, natural size.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 2. Base of tail from side, natural size.</span></p> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Gerrhonotus scincicauda</i> (<i>Skilton</i>).</p> - -<p class="center sm">Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 3897, Santa Rosa Island, California, Gustav -Eisen, June 1897.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 3. Head from side, natural size.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 4. Base of tail from side, natural size.</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width:600px;"> - <p><span class="smcap">Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.</span> 3<span class="xs"><sup>D</sup></span>. <span class="smcap">Ser. Zool. Vol. IV.</span></p> - <p class="ph right">[<span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>] <span class="smcap">Plate VII</span>.</p> - <img - class="ph" - id="plate_007_small" - src="images/plate_007_small.png" - width="600" - height="367" - alt="" /> - <p class="ph xxs center">MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY, S.F.</p> - </div> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm p4">EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.</p></div> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Uta stellata</i> sp. nov.</p> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Type</i>, Adult male, Cal. Acad. Sci. no. 4704, San Benito Island, -Lower California, Mexico, R. H. Beck, May 6, 1903.</p> - -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 1. General view, natural size.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 2. Head from side, × 3.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 3. Head from above, × 3.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 4. Scales of back, × 3.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 5. Scales of central part of back, much enlarged.</span></p> -<p class="sm ph"><span style="margin-left: 10em;">Fig. 6. Hind limb, × 1-3/4.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width:457px;"> - <p><span class="smcap">Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.</span> 3<span class="xs"><sup>D</sup></span>. <span class="smcap">Ser. Zool. Vol. IV.</span></p> - <p class="ph right">[<span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>] <span class="smcap">Plate VIII</span>.</p> - <img - class="ph" - id="plate_008_small" - src="images/plate_008_small.png" - width="457" - height="600" - alt="" /> - <p class="ph xxs center">MARY WELLMAN. DEL PHOTO.-LITH. BRITTON & REY, S.F.</p> - </div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm">PROCEEDINGS</p></div> - -<p class="center xs">OF THE</p> - -<p class="center">CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Third Series</span></p> - -<div style="margin-left:30%;margin-right:30%"> -<table style="width:100%"> - <tr> - <td class="left1 smcap">Zoology</td> - <td class="right1 smcap">Vol. IV, No. 2</td> - </tr> -</table> -</div> - -<p style="clear: both;" class="center p2"><i>Issued December 2, 1905</i></p> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<h2>THE SPECIES OF THE REPTILIAN GENUS ANNIELLA,<br /> - WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANNIELLA<br /> - TEXANA AND TO VARIATION IN<br /> - ANNIELLA NIGRA</h2> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<p class="center sm">BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH</p> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Curator of the Department of Herpetology</i>.</p> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<p>The genus <i>Anniella</i> was established by J. E. Gray<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a>, in 1852, -to contain a single species which he named <i>Anniella pulchra</i> and -described in the following terms:</p> - -<p>"Silvery (in spirits); upper part with very narrow brown zigzag lines -placed on the margin of the series of scales, the line down the center -of the back and two or three on the upper part of the sides being -thicker and nearly half the width of the scales.</p> - -<p><i>Hab.</i> California, <i>J. O. Goodridge, Esq., Surgeon R. N.</i>"</p> - -<p>This species has since been more completely described by Bocourt,<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> -Boulenger,<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> Cope,<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> and Van Denburgh.<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span></p> - -<p>In 1885 Fischer<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a> described under the name <i>Anniella nigra</i> a -specimen said to have been collected at San Diego, California. -This, he stated, differed from <i>Anniella pulchra</i> in the following -characters:</p> - -<ol class="num"> - <li>Twenty-eight longitudinal rows of scales.</li> - <li>The three median preanal scales twice as long as those preceding.</li> - <li>Tail one-third total length.</li> - <li>Color above black.</li> -</ol> - -<p>I have elsewhere<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> stated that the number of scale rows in <i>Anniella -pulchra</i> varies from twenty-four to thirty-four. The preanal scales -in both the dark and light forms may be small, moderately enlarged, -or twice the length of those preceding. The tail of <i>A. pulchra</i> -may equal or exceed one-third of the total length of the animal. I -have been unable to discover any differences in the squamation of -dark and light specimens; and since the recognition of <i>A. nigra</i> as -distinct from <i>A. pulchra</i> must rest solely upon the difference in -pigmentation, one is tempted to inquire whether this is not merely an -instance of melanism. Upon this subject I shall have more to say, but -I wish first to consider certain peculiarities of squamation which -have been held to distinguish another species.</p> - -<p><i>Anniella texana</i> was described by Mr. Boulenger,<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> in 1887, from -a single specimen labeled El Paso, Texas—a locality so far beyond -the limits of the known range of the genus and of other Californian -reptiles that it must be regarded with much suspicion until confirmed -by the capture of additional specimens. The type of <i>A. texana</i> -agrees in coloration with <i>Anniella pulchra</i>, but Mr. Boulenger finds -it to differ in certain details of squamation. He assigns to it the -following characters:</p> - -<ol class="num"> - <li>Head less depressed, snout more rounded than in <i>A. pulchra</i>.</li> - <li>A horizontal suture from nostril to second labial.</li> - <li><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span>Frontal twice as broad as long.</li> - <li>Anterior supraocular nearly as broad as its distance from its fellow.</li> - <li>Interparietal and occipital divided (anomalously?) by a longitudinal suture.</li> - <li>Six upper labials, etc.</li> - <li>A narrow shield separates the third labial from the loreal.</li> - <li>Five lower labials.</li> - <li>Twenty-eight scales around middle of body.</li> - <li>No enlarged preanal scales.</li> - <li>Tail ending obtusely, three-eighths total length.</li> - <li>Dark gray above, with three fine black longitudinal lines; sides and lower surfaces whitish.</li> -</ol> - -<p>I will now consider these characters in connection with variations -found in a series of specimens of <i>A. pulchra</i> and <i>A. nigra</i>.</p> - -<p>1. The shape of the head and snout is subject to some variation in -both <i>A. pulchra</i> and <i>A. nigra</i>. Unless the difference in shape in -the type of <i>A. texana</i> is very great, one is safe in ignoring it as a -basis of specific distinction.</p> - -<p>2. One of my specimens of <i>A. nigra</i> (Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 6255) shows -a horizontal suture extending from the nostril to the second labial. -Another (No. 6244) has such a suture between the nostril and the -rostral plate.</p> - -<p>3. There is considerable variation in the shape and size of the -frontal plate in both <i>A. pulchra</i> and <i>A. nigra</i>. It not infrequently -is twice as broad as long (No. 6236, etc.), but may be nearly as long -as broad. Sometimes it nearly touches the rostral (No. 5103).</p> - -<p>4. The anterior supraocular is nearly as broad as the distance which -separates it from its fellow in some specimens of <i>A. pulchra</i> (No. -5110) and <i>A. nigra</i> (Nos. 6233, 6243, 6249, etc.). In some specimens -it has scarcely more than half this breadth.</p> - -<p>5. I regard the plates which Mr. Boulenger calls interparietal and -occipital as frontoparietal and interparietal, respectively. The -former plate is not completely divided in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> any of my specimens. One -example of <i>A. pulchra</i> (No. 5110), however, has it longitudinally -divided throughout the posterior third of its length. The -interparietal (occipital of Mr. Boulenger) is completely divided -longitudinally in one example of <i>A. nigra</i> (No. 6228) and divided -through one-fifth its length in another (No. 6218).</p> - -<p>6. This is the normal arrangement, but is subject to variation.</p> - -<p>7. This shield may be absent.</p> - -<p>8. The number of lower labials ranges from five to seven.</p> - -<p>9. The number of scales around the middle of the body varies in <i>A. -pulchra</i> from twenty-four to thirty-four, while in 54 specimens of <i>A. -nigra</i> the number is twenty-eight in 12, thirty in 36, and thirty-two -in 6.</p> - -<p>10. The preanal scales, as already stated, may be not enlarged, -moderately enlarged, or twice as long as those preceding them. This is -true in both <i>A. pulchra</i> and <i>A. nigra</i>.</p> - -<p>11. The length of the tail is subject to so much variation that it -cannot be regarded as furnishing a good specific character. The -longest ones I have seen are one-third the total length in <i>A. nigra</i> -and two-fifths in <i>A. pulchra</i>.</p> - -<p>12. This is the coloration of some specimens of <i>A. pulchra</i>.</p> - -<p>It will be seen that, with one exception, all of the characters of -<i>Anniella texana</i> have been found in specimens of <i>A. pulchra</i> and <i>A. -nigra</i> either as the normal condition or as individual variations. -The single exception is the complete division of the frontoparietal -plate—a condition which is manifestly anomalous, since this plate -has been found partially divided in other specimens. It is evident -therefore that <i>Anniella texana</i> must stand as a synonym of <i>A. -pulchra</i> Gray.</p> - -<p><i>Anniella texana</i> being thus disposed of, one is tempted to treat <i>A. -nigra</i> in the same way, regarding it as based merely upon melanistic -individuals of <i>A. pulchra</i>. This view we certainly should have to -adopt if both dark and light colored specimens occurred in the same -localities, but I believe this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> has not yet been shown to be the case. -Fischer, to be sure, states that the type of <i>A. nigra</i> came from San -Diego, where <i>A. pulchra</i> is especially abundant, but it is quite -possible that his specimen did not really originate there. All of the -dark specimens I have seen, have been secured on the coast of Monterey -County; and, aside from Fischer's, I know of no records of the black -<i>Anniella</i> from any other locality, except Cope's<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> reference to -specimens from San Francisco. Aside from the type locality, then, it -would seem that the dark form has a very limited range, being confined -to the southern part of the Pacific Fauna of the Transition Zone.</p> - -<p>In a large series of alcoholic specimens from the coast of Monterey -County, I find very few showing a style of coloration similar to that -of <i>A. pulchra</i>. A specimen from San Ardo, in the interior of this -county, is typical of <i>A. pulchra</i>, but San Ardo is in the Upper -Austral Zone. Not more than four or five of the fifty-four specimens -from the coast zone could be in the least confusing, and all of these -are more deeply pigmented above than is any example of <i>A. pulchra</i> -before me. Forty-eight of these specimens were sent me alive, and in -that condition exhibited a greater range of coloration than they show -since preservation in alcohol, which seems to have intensified their -dark pigmentation while dissolving the beautiful yellow of their lower -surfaces. When the living lizards were received from Carmel and Point -Pinos, they were divided into ten groups according to the intensity of -the dorsal pigmentation, and measurements were taken of each specimen -in each group. These grades of pigmentation of the living specimens, -with measurements in millimeters from snout to anus and anus to tip of -tail, are as follows:</p> - -<p>1. Entire upper surface (ten, twelve, or fourteen rows of scales) -and ventral surface of tip of tail very dark Indian purple. Chin and -throat lighter Indian purple. More or less suffusion with Indian -purple about anus. Rest of lower surfaces and sides bright gamboge -yellow with chromium green staining near center of belly. Mouth -flesh-color. Labials and temporals minutely dotted with iridescent -greenish,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> silvery, or bronze. Eye black with bronze or silvery -markings.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="tab5">153</td> - <td class="tab5">15</td> - <td class="tab6">Lateral line present</td> - <td class="tab6">No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>150</td> - <td>73</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>Trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>150</td> - <td>70</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>Trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>150</td> - <td>38</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>147</td> - <td>40</td> - <td>No lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>146</td> - <td>75</td> - <td>No lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>146</td> - <td>25</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>145</td> - <td>70</td> - <td>Trace lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>143</td> - <td>17</td> - <td>Trace lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>140</td> - <td>68</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>140</td> - <td>50</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>138</td> - <td>32</td> - <td>Faint trace lateral lines</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>137</td> - <td>68</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>Trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>137</td> - <td>47</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>Trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>136</td> - <td>45</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>135</td> - <td>65</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>135</td> - <td>53</td> - <td>Trace lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>134</td> - <td>65</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>133</td> - <td>60</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>132</td> - <td>63</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>Trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>131</td> - <td>50</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>131</td> - <td>16</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>130</td> - <td>34</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>2. Dark hair-brown above; bright gamboge below; chin Indian purple.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="tab5">146</td> - <td class="tab5">70</td> - <td class="tab6">Lateral line</td> - <td class="tab6">No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>131</td> - <td>20</td> - <td>Two lateral lines</td> - <td>Trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>3. Dark purplish drab above; wax-yellow with Paris or chromium green -below; chin and throat lighter Indian purple.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="tab5">140</td> - <td class="tab5">40</td> - <td class="tab6">Two lateral lines</td> - <td class="tab6">Trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>134</td> - <td>20</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>Faint trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>123</td> - <td>25</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>No dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>120</td> - <td>60</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>Fair dorsal line</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>4. Hair-brown above; gamboge below; chin Indian purple.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="tab5">130</td> - <td class="tab5">65</td> - <td class="tab6">Two lateral lines</td> - <td class="tab6">Dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>120</td> - <td>52</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>Faint dorsal line</td> - </tr> - -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span></p> - -<p>5. Dark drab above; waxy gamboge below.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="tab5">126</td> - <td class="tab5">65</td> - <td class="tab6">Two lateral lines</td> - <td class="tab6">Distinct dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>126</td> - <td>60</td> - <td>Lateral line</td> - <td>Indistinct dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>125</td> - <td>20</td> - <td>Two lateral lines</td> - <td>Faint dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>125</td> - <td>60</td> - <td>Two lateral lines</td> - <td>Indistinct dorsal line</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>6a. Bronzed drab above; light wax-color below; chin light Indian -purple.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="tab5">125</td> - <td class="tab5">63</td> - <td class="tab6">Two lateral lines</td> - <td class="tab6">Faint dorsal line</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>6b. Drab above; light wax-color below; chin light Indian purple.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="tab5">117</td> - <td class="tab5">55</td> - <td class="tab6">Two lateral lines</td> - <td class="tab6">Faint dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>116</td> - <td>55</td> - <td>Two lateral lines</td> - <td>Faint trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>112</td> - <td>20</td> - <td>Two lateral lines</td> - <td>Dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>105</td> - <td>48</td> - <td>Two lateral lines</td> - <td>Dorsal line</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>7. Grayish drab above; wax-yellow below; chin lighter Indian purple.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="tab5">126</td> - <td class="tab5">30</td> - <td class="tab6">Two lateral lines</td> - <td class="tab6">Faint trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>122</td> - <td>60</td> - <td>Two lateral lines</td> - <td>Trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>121</td> - <td>20</td> - <td>Two lateral lines</td> - <td>Incomplete dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>119</td> - <td>55</td> - <td>Strong lateral line</td> - <td>Trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>116</td> - <td>55</td> - <td>Strong lateral line</td> - <td>Faint trace dorsal line</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>8. Dark drab-gray above; dull wax-yellow below; chin light Indian -purple.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="tab5">124</td> - <td class="tab5">60</td> - <td class="tab6">Lateral line</td> - <td class="tab6">Faint dorsal line</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>9. Drab-gray above; straw and Naples yellow below; chin light Indian -purple.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="tab5">118</td> - <td class="tab5">56</td> - <td class="tab6">Two lateral lines</td> - <td class="tab6">Dorsal line</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>10. Bronzed drab-gray above; pale wax-yellow below; chin light Indian -purple.</p> - -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td class="tab5">92</td> - <td class="tab5">41</td> - <td class="tab6">Two lateral lines</td> - <td class="tab6">Very distinct dorsal line</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>These notes show clearly that the intensity of pigmentation increases -quite gradually and fairly regularly with the size of the individual, -and that while young specimens may be nearly as pale as some dark -individuals of <i>A. pulchra</i>, all of the large specimens are of the -dark type. It is also true in a general way that the smaller the -specimen the more distinctly the lines are shown.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span></p> - -<p>In the light of our present knowledge, therefore, it seems -necessary to regard <i>Anniella nigra</i> as a local and probably -recently differentiated race rather than as a melanistic phase of -<i>Anniella pulchra</i>. While the difference is purely one of color, no -intergradation has yet been shown to occur in adult specimens, and the -two forms must therefore be recognized as distinct species occupying -separate areas in different faunal zones.</p> - -<p>If then we ignore the localities of the type specimens of "<i>A. -texana</i>" and <i>A. nigra</i>, as open to question until confirmed by the -finding of additional specimens, the known distribution of the species -of the genus <i>Anniella</i> is as follows:</p> - -<p><b>Anniella pulchra.</b></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><span class="smcap">Upper Austral Zone.</span></span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>San Diegan Fauna.</i></span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">San Diego County.</span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 6em;">San Diego, Coronado, mountains near San Diego.</span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Riverside County.</span></p> -<p class="ph"><span style="margin-left: 6em;">San Jacinto.</span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">San Bernardino County.</span></p> -<p class="ph"><span style="margin-left: 6em;">San Bernardino.</span></p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Californian Fauna.</i></span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Kern County.</span></p> -<p class="ph"><span style="margin-left: 6em;">Oil City to Poso Creek.</span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Tulare County.</span></p> -<p class="ph"><span style="margin-left: 6em;">Sequoia National Park.</span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Fresno County.</span></p> -<p class="ph"><span style="margin-left: 6em;">Fresno.</span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Monterey County (interior).</span></p> -<p class="ph"><span style="margin-left: 6em;">San Ardo.</span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">San Benito County.</span></p> -<p class="ph"><span style="margin-left: 6em;">Bear Valley.</span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Contra Costa County.</span></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p> - -<p><b>Anniella nigra.</b></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><span class="smcap">Transition Zone.</span></span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Pacific Fauna.</i></span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Monterey County (coast).</span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 6em;">Monterey, Pacific Grove, Point Pinos, Carmel Bay.</span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">San Francisco County.</span></p> -<p class="ph"><span style="margin-left: 6em;">San Francisco.</span></p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;"><span class="smcap">San Francisco, California,</span></span></p> - -<p class="ph"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">August 18, 1905.</span></p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a><br /><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm p4">PROCEEDINGS</p></div> - -<p class="center xs">OF THE</p> - -<p class="center">CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Third Series</span></p> - -<div style="margin-left:30%;margin-right:30%"> -<table style="width:100%"> - <tr> - <td class="left1 smcap">Zoology</td> - <td class="right1 smcap">Vol. IV, No. 3</td> - </tr> -</table> -</div> - -<p style="clear: both;" class="center p2"><i>Issued December 2, 1905</i></p> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<h2>ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE LEATHER-BACK<br /> - TURTLE, DERMOCHELYS, ON THE<br /> - COAST OF CALIFORNIA</h2> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<p class="center sm">BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH</p> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Curator of the Department of Herpetology</i>.</p> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">Plates IX-XI</span></h3> - -<p>Records of the occurrence of the great marine Leather-back Turtle -in the Pacific Ocean are so few that any additional observations -are of much interest. Temminck and Schlegel<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> report upon a -specimen captured near the Bay of Nagasaki, Japan, in May, 1825. -Mr. Swinhoe<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> saw a large one at Amoy, China, in October, 1859. -Aflalo<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a> has described<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> a pair from Thursday Island, Queensland, -Australia. Krefft<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> mentions an example nine feet long from the -coast of New South Wales. McCoy<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a> figures one caught at Portland, -Victoria, Australia, in 1862. Another was harpooned by Captain -Subritzky in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, in May, 1892.<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a> -Boulenger<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a> mentions a skull from the Solomon Islands. The -species has been recorded from the coast of Chile by Molina<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a> and -Philippi,<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a> and from Guaymas, Mexico, by Mr. Belding.<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a></p> - - - -<p>Thus it appears that the only record of the occurrence of the -Leather-back Turtle in the waters of the western coast of the North -American continent is the brief note by Mr. Belding in the West -American Scientist, which reads as follows:</p> - -<p>"I saw at Guaymas a Leather-back Turtle (Dermatochelys) which weighed -1,102 lbs."</p> - -<p>I am now able to record the capture of three specimens of this turtle -on the coast of California.</p> - -<p>Early in January of the present year I received word that a large -sea turtle had been caught near Santa Barbara, California, and at -once arranged to purchase it for the Academy. A photograph (Plate -<span class="smcap">IX</span>) sent me at the time showed it to be a fine specimen of -the Leather-back Turtle. Upon its arrival in San Francisco this turtle -proved to be a female measuring six feet and seven inches from the tip -of its snout to the end of its tail. Its weight was given on the bill -of lading as 800 pounds, but this may have been estimated rather than -actually determined. It was secured by Mr. G. W. Gourley and Albert F. -Stafford, about January 2, in twenty-five fathoms of water in the open -sea about two miles south of Santa Barbara.</p> - -<p>Mr. Gourley has given me the following glowing account of its capture:</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span></p> - -<p class="right2">"<span class="smcap">Santa Barbara, Cal.,</span></p> -<p class="right3">"Jan. 17, 1905.</p> - -<p>"<i>Dear Sir:</i>—Your note of 13th inst. received.... In regard to -the details of the capture I will say that the turtle was first -seen swimming on the surface about two miles off shore and to -the southwestward of the Santa Barbara whistling buoy. I went -after it (accompanied by a boy) in an 18 foot sailboat. I had -a gaff with a hook on the end of it and bent about 200 feet of -rope onto the handle. I had also prepared a number of other -ropes with nooses on them to be ready for quick work.</p> - -<p>"On approaching the turtle it did not hear the wash of the boat -until we were within about 25 feet of it, when it made a rush -to windward and started to dive, but the momentum of the boat -when I luffed into the wind carried her right along side of him -and I dropped the tiller and got forward with the gaff-hook and -swung over the side in the weather rigging and got the hook fast -in the leathery part of his neck. He immediately sounded and -run out the full length of the line—about 200 feet—and towed -the boat about half a mile further out to sea. He then came to -the surface and we over-handed the line and pulled up close to -him again. When he caught sight of the boat he turned and came -toward us and threw one of his flippers over the gunwale of the -boat, nearly capsizing her.<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a> I climbed up on the upper side -and shoved him off with an oar. He grabbed the end of the oar -and bit the end of it off like a piece of cheese. His movements -in the water were very swift; using his fore flipper he could -turn almost instantly from one side to the other and his head -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span>would project about 18 inches from the body. I succeeded in -throwing a noose over his head and later by attracting his -attention in the opposite direction got ropes around both -flippers—finally having five lines on him—and started to tow -him toward the shore. He repeatedly slipped the ropes off from -his neck and flippers—several times getting almost entirely -free. We were from 11:30 <span class="smcap">A. M.</span> till nearly 4 <span class="smcap">P. -M.</span> in finally landing him. When about half way to shore he -suddenly turned and made a break out to sea, towing the boat -stern first with all sail drawing full for several hundred yards -with little effort. He emitted at intervals a noise resembling -the grunt of a wild boar. There were (when we first tackled -him) about a dozen ramoras attached to different parts of the -body. Most of them stayed with him all through the struggle and -only deserted him when I hoisted him to the deck of the dock. -I captured two of them and kept them in a bucket for several -days. One was about ten inches long. The turtle lived for four -days after taking out of the water—being very lively when first -landed and gradually subsiding. I don't think this species ever -come out of the water on their own responsibility</p> - -<p>"So far as I can learn there has been but one other of this kind -ever taken on this coast. It was less than half the size of -this and was entangled in a fisherman's net and was wounded in -capturing, so that it died soon after. The meat was sold to the -hotels here and was very fine eating.</p> - -<p class="right1">"Respectfully,</p> - -<p class="right2 ph">"<span class="smcap">G. W. Gourley.</span>"</p> - -<p>Inquiry regarding the second specimen referred to in Mr. Gourley's -letter finally resulted, through the kindness of Dr. Frank M. -Anderson, in my securing from Mr. E. B. Hoyt of San Luis Obispo, a -photograph of this turtle, taken soon after its death. Mr. Hoyt tells -me that this photograph was taken by himself at Santa Barbara in July -or August, 1901. It shows the animal covering more than half the -length of the floor of a dray on which it was lying. This photograph -is reproduced in Plate <span class="smcap">X</span>.</p> - -<p>The third individual of this species was preserved in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> museum at -Coronado, San Diego County, which I am told is now a thing of the -past. All that I have been able to learn of its history is contained -in the following note from Mrs. E. S. Newcomb, who was in charge of -the collection:</p> - -<p class="right2">"<span class="smcap">Coronado</span>, March 21, 1896.</p> - -<p>"<i>Dear Sir</i>:—I am only posted in regard to one marine turtle, -which hangs in the entrance of our museum, and provokes various -witty remarks from the travelling public.... This turtle was -caught off Point Loma [San Diego Co.] by a fisherman, weight -800 lbs. He sold it to the market, where Prof. Ward recognized -the skin as belonging to the Harp or Lute turtle, and purchased -it for this museum. It has been here eight years. I am sorry my -information is so meagre, but it is the best I can give you.</p> - -<p class="right4">"Yours sincerely,</p> - -<p class="right2">"<span class="smcap">(Mrs.) E. S. Newcomb.</span>"</p> - -<p>With no material for comparison I am unable to form an opinion as to -the identity or specific distinctness of the Leather-back Turtles of -the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans; but Distant's photograph -of an individual from South Africa<a name="FNanchor_30_30" id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a> certainly shows a style of -coloration very different from that seen in those reproduced here.</p> - -<p>A view of the superior surface of the hyoid is given (Plate -<span class="smcap">XI</span>) which makes it evident that the specimen figured by -Gervais<a name="FNanchor_31_31" id="FNanchor_31_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a> was incomplete.</p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;"><span class="smcap">San Francisco, California,</span></span></p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 4em;">August 4, 1905.</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm p4">EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.</p></div> - -<p class="center sm">Photograph of Leather-back Turtle captured at Santa Barbara, -California, January, 1905.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width:600px;"> - <p><span class="smcap">Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.</span> 3<span class="xs"><sup>D</sup></span>. <span class="smcap">Ser. Zool. Vol. IV.</span></p> - <p class="ph right">[<span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>] <span class="smcap">Plate IX</span>.</p> - <img - class="ph" - id="plate_009_small" - src="images/plate_009_small.png" - width="600" - height="441" - alt="" /> - </div> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm p4">EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.</p></div> - -<p class="center sm">Photograph of Leather-back Turtle captured at Santa Barbara, -California, in July or August, 1901.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width:600px;"> - <p><span class="smcap">Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.</span> 3<span class="xs"><sup>D</sup></span>. <span class="smcap">Ser. Zool. Vol. IV.</span></p> - <p class="ph right">[<span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>] <span class="smcap">Plate X</span>.</p> - <img - class="ph" - id="plate_010_small" - src="images/plate_010_small.png" - width="600" - height="499" - alt="" /> - </div> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm p4">EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.</p></div> - -<p class="center sm">Hyoid of Leather-back Turtle captured at Santa Barbara, -California, January, 1905.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width:546px;"> - <p><span class="smcap">Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci.</span> 3<span class="xs"><sup>D</sup></span>. <span class="smcap">Ser. Zool. Vol. IV.</span></p> - <p class="ph right">[<span class="smcap">Van Denburgh</span>] <span class="smcap">Plate XI</span>.</p> - <img - class="ph" - id="plate_011_small" - src="images/plate_011_small.png" - width="546" - height="600" - alt="" /> - </div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm p4">PROCEEDINGS</p></div> - -<p class="center xs">OF THE</p> - -<p class="center">CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Third Series</span></p> - -<div style="margin-left:30%;margin-right:30%"> -<table style="width:100%"> - <tr> - <td class="left1 smcap">Zoology</td> - <td class="right1 smcap">Vol. IV, No. 4<a name="FNanchor_32_32" id="FNanchor_32_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a></td> - </tr> -</table> -</div> - -<p style="clear: both;" class="center p2"><i>Issued March 14, 1906</i></p> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<h2>DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS<br /> - PLETHODON (PLETHODON VANDYKEI) FROM<br /> - MOUNT RAINIER, WASHINGTON</h2> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<p class="center sm">BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH</p> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Curator of the Department of Herpetology</i>.</p> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<p class="p2">In a small collection of amphibians secured in Washington by Dr. -Edwin Cooper Van Dyke, Curator of the Department of Entomology, is an -apparently undescribed species of salamander, which I take pleasure in -naming, in honor of its collector,</p> - -<p class="center p2"><b>Plethodon vandykei</b> sp. nov.</p> - -<blockquote class="sm"> -<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Similar in general appearance to <i>Plethodon -intermedius</i>, but much larger and stouter; costal grooves 12-13; -toes and fingers webbed, only 2 phalanges of third and fourth -toes free; adpressed limbs separated by 1 costal interspace; -tail but slightly compressed; paratoid well developed; a dorsal -band, not red; lower surfaces black.</p> - -<p><i>Type.</i>—Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 6910, Paradise Valley, Mt. Rainier -Park, Washington, Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, July 15-31, 1905.</p> - -<p><i>Description.</i>—General form similar to <i>P. oregonensis</i>, but -body not quite so much flattened, tail less compressed, and -limbs shorter and stouter; tail<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> -cylindro-conic, somewhat compressed in posterior half, nearly -equal to length of head and body; head depressed, about width of -widest part of body; snout broadly truncate from above, rounded in -profile; eyes moderate, smaller than in <i>P.</i> <i>oregonensis</i>, rather -prominent, separated anteriorly by nearly twice the length of the -orbital slit; nostrils small, near corners of snout, separated by -about their distance from pupil; subnasal groove descending nearly to -margin of lip; line of lip descending slightly below corner of snout -and ascending below posterior edge of orbit; palatine <i>teeth</i> in 2 -slightly curved series beginning some distance behind and a little -internal to the internal nares, converging obliquely backward, and -scarcely separated on the median line; parasphenoid teeth in 1 patch -throughout, separated from palatine teeth by an interval equal to -distance from nostril to edge of lip; internal nares rather small; -tongue large, ovate, not emarginate, attached along median line -but free laterally and for a short distance behind; neck a little -narrower than body, with large elongate parotoid gland divided by a -longitudinal groove running posteriorly and downward from eye to gular -fold, other grooves behind, above and in front of parotoid; a groove -along vertebral line; <i>costal</i> <i>grooves</i> between limbs 12 on right, -13 on left, not continued to midline either above or below; limbs a -little shorter and stouter than in <i>P. oregonensis</i>, anterior with 4 -and posterior with 5 digits; digits rather short, with broad rounded -ends each with a terminal pad below, inner shortest, third longest, -second finger longer than fourth, second toe shorter than fourth -which is but little shorter than third; web well developed, extending -nearly to end of inner digits, 2 phalanges of third and fourth toes -free, feet very broadly palmate; tail slender, slightly compressed -in posterior two-thirds, with rather indefinite grooves on proximal -half; skin shiny, but roughened above and laterally and pitted below -by the mouths of small glands; adpressed limbs separated by about the -distance between 2 costal grooves.</p> -</blockquote> - -<p>A broad band extends along the whole dorsal surface from the snout -to the tip of the tail. In the alcoholic specimen this band is dark -clay-color, dotted with black on the upper surface of the head. It is -broadest on the back of the head and narrowest above the anus. The -upper surfaces of the limbs and the side of the snout are clay-color -dotted with black. A black line runs from the eye to the nostril. The -hands and feet are black dotted with clay-color. The chin and central -gular region are white with a few scattered black dots. The sides of -the neck and the sides and lower surfaces of the body and tail are -intense black with a few scattered whitish dots on the belly and sides -of tail and with a zone of crowded white dots along the sides of the -neck and body.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span></p> - -<blockquote class="sm"> -<table summary=""> - <tr> - <td>Snout to anus</td> - <td>60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Front of anus to end of tail</td> - <td>56</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Width of head</td> - <td> 9</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nostril to orbit</td> - <td> 2</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to orbit</td> - <td> 4</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to gular fold</td> - <td>13</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Snout to fore limb</td> - <td>17</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gular fold to anus</td> - <td>47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Axilla to groin</td> - <td>34</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Adpressed limbs separated by</td> - <td> 3</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fore limb</td> - <td>15½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hind limb</td> - <td>18½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Heel to end of longest toe</td> - <td> 7</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Breadth of foot</td> - <td> 6</td> - </tr> -</table> - - -<p><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><span class="smcap">San Francisco, California</span>,</span></p> -<p class="ph"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">December 21, 1905.</span></p> -</blockquote> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a><br /><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center sm p4">PROCEEDINGS</p></div> - -<p class="center xs">OF THE</p> - -<p class="center">CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Third Series</span></p> - -<div style="margin-left:30%;margin-right:30%"> -<table style="width:100%"> - <tr> - <td class="left1 smcap">Zoology</td> - <td class="right1 smcap">Vol. IV, No. 5</td> - </tr> -</table> -</div> - -<p style="clear: both;" class="center p2"><i>Issued March 14, 1906</i></p> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<h2>ON THE OCCURRENCE OF THE SPOTTED NIGHT<br /> - SNAKE, HYPSIGLENA OCHRORHYNCHUS, IN<br /> - CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; AND ON THE<br /> - SHAPE OF THE PUPIL IN THE<br /> - REPTILIAN GENUS ARIZONA</h2> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<p class="center sm">BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH</p> - -<p class="center sm"><i>Curator of the Department of Herpetology</i>.</p> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">On the Occurrence of the Spotted Night Snake, Hypsiglena -ochrorhynchus, in Central California</span></h3> - -<p>The little snake to which Cope, in 1860,<a name="FNanchor_33_33" id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a> gave the name <i>Hypsiglena -ochrorhynchus</i> was first described from specimens secured at Cape -San Lucas, Lower California. It has since been found to range across -Arizona and northern Mexico to Texas. As recently as 1893, so little -was known of the distribution of this snake in California that Dr. -Stejneger,<a name="FNanchor_34_34" id="FNanchor_34_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a> in recording the single specimen secured by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> the -Death Valley Expedition in the Argus Range, Inyo County, California, -thought that it added a species to the known fauna of the State. This -snake had, however, already been taken at San Diego, California, as -mentioned by Professor Cope<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a> in 1883. More recently, the species -has been recorded by Cope<a name="FNanchor_36_36" id="FNanchor_36_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a> from Witch Creek, San Diego County, -and by myself<a name="FNanchor_37_37" id="FNanchor_37_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a> from the Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego County; -Strawberry Valley and San Jacinto, Riverside County, and Hesperia, San -Bernardino County.</p> - -<p>These localities are all in the Desert and San Diegan faunal areas. -It was with much interest, therefore, that I found this snake in -the Californian Fauna close to the edge of the Pacific Fauna. The -specimen was secured near Los Gatos, Santa Clara County, several -hundred miles beyond the range of the species as previously known. It -was found under a pile of recently cut hay, at an altitude of about -eight or nine hundred feet, in what is locally known as the warm belt -of the foothills, where <i>Bascanion laterale</i>, <i>Cnemidophorus tigris -undulates</i>, and <i>Amphispiza belli</i> also occur.</p> - -<h3 class="h3head"><span class="smcap">On the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona</span></h3> - -<p>There has been, among herpetologists, much diversity of opinion as -to the merits of Kennicott's genus <i>Arizona</i>. The validity of the -single species for which he proposed the name <i>Arizona elegans</i> has, I -believe, never been questioned, but the known generic characters have -been rather inadequate. Accordingly, while some authors have followed -Kennicott, others have referred the species variously to the genera -<i>Pituophis</i> of Holbrook, <i>Rhinechis</i> of Michahelles, or <i>Coluber</i> of -Linnæus.</p> - -<p>I believe that all authors (myself included) who mention the point at -all describe the eye of this snake as showing a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> round pupil. This is -true of most alcoholic specimens, for in these the pupil usually is -dilated. In two living specimens, however, I find that the pupil is -slightly irregular in outline so that it appears somewhat eccentric, -that it varies considerably in size from time to time, and that it -is distinctly elliptic, with the long diameter vertical, but becomes -nearly round when dilated. Some alcoholic specimens also show the -pupil somewhat contracted and elliptic.</p> - -<p>This point is of some importance, since the possession of a vertically -elongate pupil is in itself ample basis for the recognition of the -genus <i>Arizona</i> as distinct from the other colubrine genera with which -it has been confused.</p> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><span class="smcap">San Francisco, California,</span></span></p> -<p class="ph"><span style="margin-left: 3em;">February 24, 1906.</span></p> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Type.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> In fifty specimens the costal grooves are 17 in -forty, 16 in six, and 18 in four.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Type.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Dr. Merriam tells me that a parallel is found in the -island foxes, whose characters are constant on San Miguel but not on -the other islands.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Skilton's description, which seems to apply rather to the -species afterward named by Baird and Girard <i>Gerrhonotus principis</i>, -is as follows: -</p> -<p> -"<b>Tropidolepis scincicauda</b>, n. s. Slender, tail much longer than -body, cylindrical. Dermal plates of the body and tail, carinate above, -smooth beneath, verticillate. The carinate plates in nine rows. Color, -dusky green above, light ash color below. A row of small dark spots on -each flank. Another row of smaller ones along the vertebral line. Some -of the dark colored scales on the flanks tipped with a whitish color. -Length five to five and a half inches." -</p> -<p> -The plate accompanying Skilton's article is so poor as to throw no -light on this question, and it seems best to make no change in the -nomenclature until some one has examined Skilton's specimens, one of -which, according to Yarrow's Catalogue, is No. 3089 of the National -Museum collection.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> See Report, Chief of Engineers, U. S. A. 1876, pt. 3, -pp. 435, 445, etc.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> Since this was written I have been informed by Dr. F. -Baker, of San Diego, that he has taken the following reptiles on these -islands:—<br /> - -North Coronado: <br /> - -<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Gerrhonotus scincicauda</i> [<i>ignavus?</i>], July 3, 1898,</span><br /> - -<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Eumeces skiltonianus</i>, July 3, 1898.</span><br /> - -South Coronado:<br /> - -<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Uta stansburiana</i>, July 3, 1898,</span><br /> - -<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Gerrhonotus scincicauda</i> [<i>ignavus?</i>], July 3, 1898,</span><br /> - -<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Cnemidophorus stejnegeri</i>, July 3, 1898,</span><br /> - -<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus</i>, August 13, 1898,</span><br /> - -<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Crotalus</i> [<i>oregonus</i>], August 13, 1898.</span></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Type.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> Reproduced.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_9a_9a" id="Footnote_9a_9a"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9a_9a"><span class="label">[9a]</span></a> Reproduced.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d ser. v. 10, 1852, p. 440.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> Miss. Sci. au Mex. Recherches zool. 3d pt. p. 460.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus. v. 2, 1885, p. 299.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 674.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 116.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> Abh. Nat. Verein Hamburg, v. 9, Hft. 1, 1885, p. 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, pp. 116, 118.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5th ser. v. 20, 1887, p. 50.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 675.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> Fauna Japonica, 1833, pp. 9, 12.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1870, p. 410.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> Sketch Nat. Hist. Australia, p. 188.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> Austral. Vertebr. p. 39.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> Prodrom. Zool. Victoria, v. 2, 1885, p. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> Cheeseman, Trans. New Zealand Inst. v. 25, 1893, p. 108.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> Cat. Chelon. Brit. Mus. 1889, p. 10.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> Essai sur l'Hist. Nat. du Chili, 1789, p. 194.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> Ann. Univ. Chile, v. 104, 1899, [separate pp. 3-6], pl.—.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> West Am. Scientist, v. 3, no. 24, 1887, p. 99.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> It is interesting to note the similarity of -the account given by Captain Subritzky of the capture of his -specimen, which is given by Cheeseman (Trans. New Zealand Inst. -v. 25, 1893, p. 109) as follows: "When passing Cape Brett -on a voyage from Awanui to Auckland, he noticed a floating -object, which he at first took for a boat bottom upwards. The -schooner's boat was lowered, and he proceeded to inspect it; -when, to his astonishment, it suddenly disappeared, shortly -afterward reappearing a little distance further away. Returning -to his vessel, he secured a harpoon and line, and then pulled -cautiously up to the creature, soon recognizing it to be a -large turtle-like animal entirely new to him. After a little -manœuvering he succeeded in harpooning it in the neck. -According to him, it made a most determined resistance, making -for the boat open-mouthed, snapping its jaws violently. It -succeeded in getting its flappers over the side of the boat, -nearly capsizing it, but was stunned by a blow on the head, -towed alongside the schooner, and hoisted on board."</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> Distant, Zoologist, 4th ser. v. 2, 1898, p. 500.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_31_31" id="Footnote_31_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_31"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> Gervais, N. Arch. Mus. v. 8, 1872, pl. <span class="smcap">VII</span>, -fig. 2.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_32_32" id="Footnote_32_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_32"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Note.</span>—Only a few copies of the original -edition of this paper (Third Series, Vol. IV, Nos. 4 and 5, -Zoology, pp. 61-67) had been distributed prior to the great fire of -April 18, 1906, in which practically the entire edition was lost. -To enable libraries and individuals to complete their files of the -Proceedings this <i>exact reprint</i> is issued March 26, 1915.</p> - -<p class="right ph"><span class="smcap">Barton W. Evermann</span>, <i>Editor</i>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, p. 246.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_34_34" id="Footnote_34_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> N. A. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, p. 204.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_35_35" id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1883, p. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_36_36" id="Footnote_36_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_36"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> Report, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1898 (1900), p. 954.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_37_37" id="Footnote_37_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> Occas. Papers, Cal. Acad. Sci. 5, 1897, p. 180.</p></div> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a><br /><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center p4">INDEX TO VOLUME IV, THIRD SERIES, ZOOLOGY.</p></div> - -<p class="center">New names in <b>heavy-faced type</b>; Synonyms in <i>italics</i>.</p> - -<ul> - <li> - <i>adamanteus atrox, Crotalus</i>, - <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - <li> - Amphisphiza belli, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li> - <i>Anaides lugubris</i>, - <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> - <li> - Anniella: - </li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">The species of the Reptilian Genus Anniella with Especial Reference to Anniella texana and to Variation in Anniella nigra,</span> - <a href="#Page_41">41-9</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">nigra,</span> - <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, - <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, - <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, - <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, - <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">pulchra,</span> - <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, - <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, - <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, - <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, - <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, - <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, - <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">texana,</span> - <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, - <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, - <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, - <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, - <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> - <li> - anthonyi, Bascanion, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> - <li> - Arizona:</li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">On the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona,</span> - <a href="#Page_66">66-7</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">elegans,</span> - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li> - <i>atrox, Crotalus</i>, - <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - <li> - attenuatus, Batrachoseps, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, - <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, - <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - <li> - auriculata, Uta, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_26">26</a>,</li> - <li> - <i>Autodax lugubris</i>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><b>lugubris farallonensis</b>,</span> - <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - Bascanion, - <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">anthonyi,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_27">27</a>,</li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>laterale</i>,</span> - <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">laterale fuliginosum,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - <li> - Batrachoseps attenuatus, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, - <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, - <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">pacificus,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, - <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, - <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> - <li> - becki, Sceloporus, - <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> - <li> - <i>beldingi, Verticaria</i>, - <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - <li> - belli, Amphispiza, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li> - biseriatus becki, Sceloporus, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, - <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, - <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a>,</li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - Callisaurus ventralis, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> - <li> - catenifer, Pituophis, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - <li> - <i>catenifer deserticola, Pituophis</i>, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - <li> - cerroense, Phrynosoma, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - <li> - clarionensis, Uta, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> - <li> - clarki clarki, Sceloporus, - <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - <li> - Cnemidophorus labialis, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_24">24</a>,</li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">multiscutatus,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">rubidus,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, - <a href="#Page_26">26</a>,</li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>tessellatus rubidus</i>,</span> - <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>tessellatus multiscutatus</i>,</span> - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">tigris undulatus,</span> - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li> - Coluber, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li> - <i>confluentus confluentus, Crotalus</i> - <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - <li> - copeii, Crotaphytus, - <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> - <li> - <i>Crotalus adamanteus atrox</i>, - <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>atrox</i>,</span> - <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>confluentus confluentus</i>,</span> - <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">exsul,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_24">24</a>,</li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>lucifer</i>,</span> - <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, - <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">mitchellii,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">oregonus,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, - <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - <li> - <i>Crotaphytus copeii</i>, - <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">wislizenii,</span> - <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> - <li> - <i>curla</i>, Hyla, - <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - Dermochelys: - </li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">On the Occurrence of the Leather-back Turtle, Dermochelys, on the Coast of California,</span> - <a href="#Page_51">51-6</a></li> - <li> - Dipsosaurus dorsalis, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - <li> - dorsalis, Dipsosaurus, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - elegans, Arizona, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li> - <b>exsul</b>, Crotalus, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - Gerrhonotus, - <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, - <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>multicarinatus</i>,</span> - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">palmeri,</span> - <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">scincicauda,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, - <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, - <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">scincicauda <b>ignavus</b>,</span> - <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a>,</li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>scincicaudus</i>,</span> - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - <i>Hemidactylium pacificum</i>, - <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> - <li> - <i>hernandezi, Phrynosoma</i>, - <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - <li> - Hyla <i>curla</i>, - <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">regilla,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, - <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - <li> - hyperythra beldingi, Verticaria, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, - <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> - <li> - Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus, - <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">On the Occurrence of the Spotted Night Snake, Hypsiglena ochrorhynchus - in Central California; and on the Shape of the Pupil in the Reptilian Genus Arizona,</span> - <a href="#Page_65">65-6</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - <b>ignavus,</b> Gerrhonotus scincicauda, - <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - <li> - intermedius, Plethodon, - <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - labialis, Cnemidophorus, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - <li> - laterale, Bascanion, - <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li> - laterale fuliginosum, Bascanion, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - <li> - <i>lateralis fuliginosus, Zamenis</i>, - <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - <li> - <i>lucifer, Crotalus</i>, - <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, - <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - <li> - <i>lugubris, Anaides</i>, - <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> - <li> - <i>lugubris</i>, Autodax, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> - <li> - <b>lugubris farallonensis</b>, Autodax, - <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_5"><b>5</b></a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - <b>martinensis</b>, Uta, - <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_18"><b>18</b></a></li> - <li> - mitchellii, Crotalus, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_26"><b>26</b></a></li> - <li> - <i>multicarinatus, Gerrhonotus</i>, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li> - multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_24"><b>24</b></a>,</li> - <li> - <i>multiscutatus tessellatus, Cnemidophorus</i>, - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - nigra, Anniella, - <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, - <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, - <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, - <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, - <a href="#Page_49"><b>49</b></a></li> - <li> - nigricauda, Uta, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_25"><b>25</b></a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - occidentalis, Sceloporus, - <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, - <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - <li> - ochrorhynchus, Hypsiglena, - <a href="#Page_65"><b>65-6</b></a></li> - <li> - oregonensis, Plethodon, - <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, - <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> - <li> - oregonus, Crotalus, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_16"><b>16</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_18"><b>18</b></a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - pacificum, Hemidactylium, - <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> - <li> - pacificus, Batrachoseps, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_6"><b>6</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, - <a href="#Page_11"><b>11</b></a></li> - <li> - palmeri, Gerrhonotus, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - <li> - Phrynosoma, cerroense, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_23"><b>23</b></a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>hernandezi</i>,</span> - <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - <li> - Pituophis, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">catenifer,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_21"><b>21</b></a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>catenifer deserticola</i>,</span> - <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - <li> - <i>Pityophis sayi bellona</i>, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - <li> - Plethodon, - <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">intermedius,</span> - <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">oregonensis,</span> - <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, - <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><b>vandykei</b>,</span> - <a href="#Page_61"><b>61</b></a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 3em;">Description of a New Species of Plethodon,</span> - <a href="#Page_61"><b>61-3</b></a></li> - <li> - pulchra, Anniella, - <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, - <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, - <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, - <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, - <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, - <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, - <a href="#Page_48"><b>48</b></a>,</li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - regilla, Hyla, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_13"><b>13</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_23"><b>23</b></a></li> - <li> - Rhinechis, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li> - riversiana, Xantusia, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_15"><b>15</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_16"><b>16</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_17"><b>17</b></a></li> - <li> - rubidus, Cnemidophorus, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_25"><b>25</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_26"><b>26</b></a></li> - <li> - rubidus, Cnemidophorus tessellatus, - <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - sayi bellona, Pityophis, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - <li> - Sceloporus <b>becki</b>, - <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_9"><b>9</b></a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">biseriatus becki,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, - <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, - <a href="#Page_11"><b>11</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_12"><b>12</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_14"><b>14</b></a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>clarki clarki</i>,</span> - <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">occidentalis,</span> - <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, - <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">undulatus,</span> - <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">zosteromus,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_23"><b>23</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_25"><b>25</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_26"><b>26</b></a></li> - <li> - scincicauda, Gerrhonotus, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_10"><b>10</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_12"><b>12</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_14"><b>14</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, - <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - <li> - scincicauda <b>ignavus</b>, Gerrhonotus, - <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_19"><b>19</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - <li> - scincicaudus, Gerrhonotus, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li> - stansburiana, Uta, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_13"><b>13</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_14"><b>14</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_16"><b>16</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_17"><b>17</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, - <a href="#Page_23"><b>23</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_24"><b>24</b></a></li> - <li> - <b>stellata</b>, Uta, - <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_21"><b>21</b></a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - tessellatus rubidus, Cnemidophorus - <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - <li> - tessellatus multiscutatus, Cnemidophorus, - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - <li> - texana, Anniella, - <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, - <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, - <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, - <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, - <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> - <li> - tigris undulatus, Cnemidophorus, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - undulatus, Cnemidophorus tigris, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li> - undulatus, Sceloporus, - <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> - <li> - Uta, - <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, - <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">auriculata,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_26"><b>26</b></a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">clarionensis,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_27"><b>27</b></a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><b>martinensis</b>,</span> - <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_18"><b>18</b></a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">nigricauda,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_25"><b>25</b></a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">stansburiana,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_13"><b>13</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_14"><b>14</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_16"><b>16</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_17"><b>17</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, - <a href="#Page_23"><b>23</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_24"><b>24</b></a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;"><b>stellata</b>,</span> - <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_21"><b>21</b></a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - <b>vandykei</b>, Plethodon - </li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">Description of a New Species of the Genus Plethodon,</span> - <a href="#Page_61"><b>61-3</b></a></li> - <li> - ventralis, Callisaurus, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_25"><b>25</b></a></li> - <li> - <i>Verticaria beldingi</i>, - <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - <li> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">hyperythra beldingi,</span> - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_23"><b>23</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_25"><b>25</b></a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - wislizenii, Crotaphytus, - <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - Xantusia riversiana, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, - <a href="#Page_15"><b>15</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_16"><b>16</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_17"><b>17</b></a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li> - <i>Zamenis lateralis fuliginosus</i>, - <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - <li> - zosteromus, Sceloporus, - <a href="#Page_3">3</a>, - <a href="#Page_23"><b>23</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_25"><b>25</b></a>, - <a href="#Page_26"><b>26</b></a></li> -</ul> - - - -<p class="transnote">Transcriber's Notes:<br /> - -1. Pages 20,25: The spelling of Reëxamination/reëxamination has been left with the -dieresis.<br /> - -2. Page 61: At the end of the page there is a date, March 12, 1906., which does not seem to pertain to anything. - It has been left out of the text.<br /> - -3. Footnotes have been moved to the end of the text.</p> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Proceedings of the California Academy -of Sciences, Series 3, Volume 4 (Zoology), by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, S.3, V. 4 *** - -***** This file should be named 54240-h.htm or 54240-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/2/4/54240/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Karin Spence, Bryan Ness and -the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/American -Libraries.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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