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diff --git a/old/54232-0.txt b/old/54232-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 0ae7eae..0000000 --- a/old/54232-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1586 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 13, -September 26, 1840, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 13, September 26, 1840 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: February 25, 2017 [EBook #54232] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, SEPTEMBER 26, 1840 *** - - - - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - - - - - - - - - - THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL. - - NUMBER 13. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1840. VOLUME I. - -[Illustration: HOLLYBROOK HALL, COUNTY OF WICKLOW.] - -Among the very many beautiful residences of our nobility and gentry, -situated within a drive of an hour or two of our metropolis, there is -probably not one better worthy of a visit than that which we have chosen -to depict as the illustration of our present number--Hollybrook Hall, the -seat of Sir George Frederick John Hodson, Bart. It is situated in the -county of Wicklow, about a mile beyond the town of Bray, and about eleven -miles from Dublin. - -To direct public attention to this charming spot is no less our pleasure -than our duty, for we feel quite assured that even among the higher -classes of our fellow-citizens but a very few know more respecting it -than its name and locality, and that it will surprise the vast majority -to be told that Hollybrook Hall is no less remarkable for the beauty of -the sylvan scenery by which it is surrounded, than as affording in itself -the most perfect specimen of the Tudor style of architecture to be found -in Ireland. - -That Hollybrook is thus little known to the public, is not, however, -their fault: excluded from the eye by high and unsightly stone walls -on every side by which it might otherwise be seen by the traveller, -it is passed without even a glimpse of the bower of beauty, which -would attract his attention and excite the desire to obtain a more -intimate acquaintance with objects of such interest by a request to its -accomplished owner, which we are satisfied would never be denied. - -Hollybrook Hall, like Clontarf Castle, of which we have already given -some account, is a fine specimen of the many recently erected or -rebuilt residences of our nobility and gentry, which we esteem it our -duty to notice and to praise. Like that fine structure also, it is an -architectural creation of that accomplished artist to whose exquisite -taste and correct judgment we are indebted for so many of the most -beautiful buildings in the kingdom; and in many of its features and the -general arrangement of its parts, it bears a considerable resemblance to -that admirably composed edifice. In its ground plan and general outline, -however, it is essentially different; and it is, moreover, characterised -by a peculiarity which perhaps no other of Mr Morrison’s works exhibits, -namely, that it has no mixed character of style, but is in every respect -an example of English domestic architecture in the style of the fifteenth -and sixteenth centuries, or, in other words, it uniformly preserves -through all its details the character of the Tudor style. - -In the choice of this style, as well as in the general composition of the -structure, the artist was obviously guided by a judicious desire to adapt -the building to the peculiar character of the scenery by which it is -surrounded, and the historical associations connected with the locality; -and a more happy result than that which he has effected could hardly -be imagined. Seated upon a green and sunny terraced bank in the midst -of venerable yew and other evergreens, and immediately above a small -artificial lake or pond, which reflects on its surface the dark masses of -ancient and magnificent forest trees, which rise on all sides from its -banks, and which are only topped by the peaked summits of the greater -and lesser Sugar-Loaf Mountains, as seen through vistas, the building -and its immediate accompaniments seem of coequal age and designed for -each other; and all breathe of seclusion from the cares of the world -and a happy domestic repose. It would indeed be impossible to conceive -any combinations of architecture and landscape scenery more perfectly -harmonious or beautiful of their kind. - -Hollybrook Hall is wholly built of mountain granite squared and -chiselled, and presents three architectural fronts. That which we have -represented in our illustration is the east front, which faces the -small lake or pond, and contains the library and drawing-room; but the -principal front is that facing the north, on which side the entrance -porch is placed. The principal apartments consist of a hall, library, -dining and drawing rooms, with the state bed-rooms above them; and of -these apartments the hall is the most grand and striking feature, though -of inferior size to that of Clontarf Castle. It is thirty-four feet long -by twenty feet wide, but has an open porch and vestibule or outer hall, -twelve feet six inches wide; and like every other part of the edifice, -its details are throughout in the purest style of Tudor architecture. -This hall is panelled with oak, and is lighted by one grand stained glass -window, eight feet six inches wide, and fourteen feet six inches high. -This window, which resembles those of the English ecclesiastical edifices -of the fifteenth century, is divided by stone mullions into four days, -or compartments, and being beautifully proportioned, affords abundant -light to the interior. But the most imposing feature of the hall is its -beautiful oak staircase, which, rising from beneath the window, conducts -to a gallery which crosses the hall, and communicates with the bed-rooms -over the principal apartments. The ceiling is of dark oak, supported -by principals which spring from golden corbels, and it is enlivened by -golden bosses, which are placed at the various crossings of the rich -woodwork, and have a most pleasing effect from the contrasting relief -which they give to its pervading dark colour. The cornice, which is -equally rich and elegantly proportioned, is surmounted by a gilded crest -ornament, which by its lightness and brilliancy attracts the eye, and -leads the mind to contemplate the fine proportions and elegance of design -which characterises the details of the ceiling in all its parts. - -Of the other principal apartments it is only necessary to state that -they are equally well proportioned, and have ceilings of great richness -and beauty, executed in a bold and masterly style of relief: they are of -larger size than the similar rooms of Clontarf Castle, the library being -thirty feet by seventeen feet six inches, the dining-room thirty feet -by twenty, and the drawing-room thirty-four feet six by twenty. These -apartments are lighted by oriel windows, each of which commands a view of -some striking beauty in the surrounding scenery. An extensive range of -offices and servants’ rooms branches off the Hall on its western side, -but these are as yet only partly erected, and further additions are still -wanting to carry out the original design of the architect, and give to -the edifice as a whole the intricacy and picturesque variety of outline -which he intended. - -Hollybrook was originally the seat of a highly respectable branch of -the Adair family, who, as it is said, though long located in Scotland, -are descended from Maurice Fitzgerald, fourth Earl of Kildare. By a -marriage with the only daughter of the last proprietor of this family, -Forster Adair, Esq., it passed into the possession of Sir Robert Hodson, -Bart., descended of an old English family, and father of the present -proprietor, who succeeded to the baronetcy and estates on the death of -his elder brother the late Sir Robert Adair Hodson, by whom the new -structure of Hollybrook Hall was commenced. Sir Robert was a gentleman of -refined tastes and intellectual acquirements--a landscape painter of no -small merit, and of a poetic mind. The present baronet is, we believe, -similarly gifted, and therefore worthy to be the proprietor and resident -of a spot of such interest and beauty; but he should raze those odious -unsightly walls, which exclude Hollybrook from the eye, and make it an -unvisited and almost unknown solitude. - - P. - - * * * * * - -None are so seldom found alone, and are so soon tired of their own -company, as those conceited coxcombs who are on the best terms with -themselves. - - - - -TIM CALLAGHAN, THE INIMITABLE PIPER. - - -Oh! ye whom business or pleasure shall henceforth lead to the county of -Wexford, especially to the baronies of Forth and Bargie, should you see a -tall, stout, lazy-looking fellow, with sleepy eyes and huge cocked nose, -dragging his feet along as if they were clogs imposed on him by nature to -restrain his motion instead of helping him forward, dawdling along the -highways, or lounging about a public-house, with a green bag under his -arm, beware of him, for that is Tim Callaghan!--fling him a sixpence or -shilling if you will, but ask him not for music! - -Tim Callaghan seriously assured me “that he sarved seven long years wid -as fine a piper as ever put chanther ondher an arm;” and that at the end -of that well-spent period he began to enchant the king’s lieges on his -own account, master of a splendid set of pipes, and three whole tunes -(_barring_ a few odd turns here and there which couldn’t be conquered, -and of _no consequince_), a golden store in his opinion. - -“Ah, then, Tim,” said I, when I was perfectly acquainted with himself and -his musical merits, “what a pity that with your fine taste and superior -set of pipes you did not try to conquer the half dozen at least!” - -“Ogh, musha!” quoth Tim, looking sulky and annoyed, “that same quisthen -has been put to me by dozens, an’ I hate to hear it! It was only -yistherday that another lady axt me that same. ‘Arrah, ma’am,’ ses I, -‘did ye ever play a thune on the pipes in yer life?’ ‘Niver, indeed,’ -ses she, lookin’ ashamed ov her ignorance, as she ought. ‘Bekase if ye -did,’ ses I agin, ‘ye’d soon say, “bright was yerself, Tim Callaghan, -to get over the three thunes dacently, widout axin’ people to do what’s -onpossible.”’ An’ now I appail to you, Miss, where’s the use ov bodherin’ -people’s brains wid six or seven whin three does _my_ business as well?” - -As in duty bound, I admitted that his argument was unanswerable, and -thenceforward we were the best friends possible. Grateful for my patience -and forbearance, he eternally mangles the three unfortunates for my -gratification; and I doubt if I could now relish them with their fair -proportions, so accustomed as I have been to Tim’s “short measure!” - -After all, Tim Callaghan was a politic fellow; and these three tunes -were expressly chosen and learnt to win the ears and suffrages of -all denominations of Christian men. Thus, the “Boyne water” is the -propitiatory sacrifice at the Protestant’s door, “Patrick’s Day” at -that of the Roman Catholic, and when he is not sure of the creed of the -party he wishes to conciliate, to suit Quakers, Methodists, Seekers, -and _Jumpers_, “God save the Queen” is the third. For many years he was -contented to give these favourite airs in their original purity; but some -wicked wight--a gentleman piper, I suspect--has at last persuaded him -that his melody would be altogether irresistible if he would introduce -some ornamental _variations_, “such as his own fine taste would suggest;” -and poor Tim, unaccustomed to flattery, and wholly unsuspicious of the -jest, caught at the bright idea, conquered his natural and acquired -laziness, and made an attempt. When he thought he had mastered the -difficulties, he did me the honour to select me as judge to pronounce on -his melodious acquisitions; and all I shall say anent them is, let the -blackest hypochondriac that ever looked wistfully at a marl-hole or his -garters, listen to Tim Callaghan’s “varry-a-shins,” and watch his face -while performing them, and he will require “both poppy and mandragora to -medicine him to sleep,” if sleep he ever will again for laughing! - -When Tim arrives at a gentleman’s door, his usual plan is to commence -with the _suitable_ serenade, and drone away at that till the few -pence he is piping for sends him away content. But if he is detained -long, and he sees no great chance of reward or entertainment within -doors, he becomes furious, and in his ire he rattles up that one of -the three which he supposes most disagreeable and opposite to the -politics of the offender. If the party be a Roman Catholic, he will -be unpleasantly electrified, and all his antipathies aroused, by “the -Boyne water,” performed with unusual spirit; and if a church-goer, he -will never recover the shock of “Patrick’s Day,” given with an energy -that will render the wound unhealable! If he is asked for any favourite -or fashionable air--and you might as well ask Tim Callaghan to repeat -a passage of Homer in the original Greek--his civilest reply is, “I -haven’t that, but I’ll give yez one as good,” when one of the _trio_ -follows of course; and if the impertinent suitor for novelties in his -ignorance persists in demanding more than is to be had, he is angrily cut -short, especially if of inferior rank, with “How bad ye are for sortins! -Yer masther wud be contint wid what I gave ye, an’ thankful into the -bargin!” Thus qualified to please, it is not to be wondered at that he is -celebrated through three baronies as “the piper!” - -When first I had the pleasure to see and hear Tim Callaghan, it was -in the middle of winter, dark and dreary, and in a retired country -place, where even the “vile screeching of the wry-necked fife” would -have been welcome in lieu of better. Conceive our ecstacy, then, when -the inspiring drone of the bagpipe startled our ears into attention -and expectation! The very servants were clamorous in expressing their -delight, and in beseeching that the piper should be brought into the -house and entertained. The petition was granted, the minstrel was led in -“nothing loth,” and seated in the hall. Well, Tim’s first essay at the -_minister’s_ house was of course “the Boyne,” played very spiritedly and -accurately on the whole, with the exception of a few rather essential -notes that he omitted as unnecessary and troublesome, or (as the servants -supposed) in consequence of the cold of his fingers; and finally they -took him to the kitchen, and seated him opposite to a blazing fire. “Now -he’ll play in airnest!” cried they, as one and all gathered round him in -expectation of music. - -Our piper being now in the lower regions, among the inferior gentry, and -willing to please all orders and conditions, begins to consider whether -he shall repeat the “Boyne,” or commence the all-enlivening “Patrick’s -Day.” - -“What _religion_ is the sarvints ov?” replied he at length to a little -cow-boy gaping with wonder at the grand ornaments of the pipes. - -“They are ov all soarts, sur,” whispered Tommy in reply, and reddening -all over at the great man’s especial notice. - -“Ov _all_ soarts!” mutters Tim significantly; then deciding instantly, -with much solemnity of face and strength of arm he squeezed forth the -conciliating “God save the King.” - -The butler listened awhile with the sapient air of a judge. “You’re a -capitial performer, piper!” said he at length patronizingly, and with a -hand on each hip; “an’ that’s a fine piece ov _Hannibal’s_ composition! -but it is not shutable for all occashins, an’ a livelier air would agree -with our timperament betther. Change it to somethin’ new.” And tucking -his apron aside, he gallantly took the rosy tips of the housemaid’s -fingers and led her out, while the gardener as politely handed forth the -cook. The piper looked sullen, and still continued the national anthem -as if he knew what he was about, and was determined to play out his tune. -The butler’s dignity bristled up. - -“Railly,” he observed, and smiled superciliously, “we are very loyal -people hereabouts, but at this pertickler moment we don’t want to join in -a prayer for our _savren’s_ welfare! Stop that melancholic thing, man! -an’ give us one of Jackson’s jigs.” - -“Out ov fashin,” quoth Tim sullenly, “_but I’ll give yez one as good_,” -and “Patrick’s Day” set them all in motion for a quarter of an hour. - -“Oh, we’re quite tired ov that!” at length lisped the housemaid -“do, piper, give us a _walse_ or _co-dhreelle_. Do you play -‘Tanty-_pol_pitty?’ Jem Sidebottom and I used to dance it beautifully -when I lived at Mr A----’s!” - -“What does yez call it?” asked Tim rather sneeringly. - -“Tanty-_pol_pitty,” replied the damsel, drawing herself up with an air -enough to kill a piper! - -“Phew!” returned the musician contemptuously, “that’s out ov fashin -too; _but I’ll give yez one as good_;” and the “Boyne” followed, played -neither faster nor slower than he had been taught it, which was in right -time, and any thing but _dancing_ time, to the no small annoyance of the -dancers. Another and another jig and reel was demanded, and to all and -each Tim Callaghan replied, “I haven’t _that, but I’ll give yez one as -good_;” and the “King,” the “Boyne,” and the “Day,” followed each other -in due succession. - -Was there anything more provoking! There stood four active, zealous -votaries of Terpsichore, with toes pointed and heads erect, anxiously -awaiting a further developement of Tim Callaghan’s powers! There stood -the dancers, looking beseechingly at the piper; there sat the piper -staring at the dancers, wondering what the deuce they waited for, quite -satisfied that they had got all that could reasonably be expected from -_him_. - -“An’ _have_ you nothin’ else in yer chanther?” at last angrily demanded -the butler. - -“E--ah?” drawled Tim Callaghan, as if he did not understand the querist. - -The question was repeated in a higher key. - -“Arrah, how bad yez are for sortins!” retorted the piper; “yer masther -wud be contint wid what I gave yez, an’ thankful into the bargin!” - -“By Jupither _Amond_!” exclaimed he of the white apron, “this beats -all the playin’ I ever heerd in my life! Arrah, do ye ever attind the -nobility’s concerts?--Ha! ha! ha!” - -“’Pon my _vo_racity,” cried the smiling housemaid, “I am greatly afeerd -he will get ‘piper’s pay--more kicks than halfpence.’--Ha! ha! ha!” - -“An’ good enough for him!” added the gardener; “a fella that has but -_three half thunes_ in the world, an’ none ov them right! Arrah, what’s -yer name, avie?” - -“What’s that to you?” growled the piper. - -“Oh, nothin’! Only I thought that you might be ‘the piper that played -before Moses.’--Ha! ha! ha!” - - “Oh! the world may wag - Since _he_ got the _bag_,” - -sang the cook, as she returned to her avocations. But the butler, as -master of the ceremonies, showed his disappointment and displeasure in -a summary ejection of the unfortunate minstrel from the comforts of the -fire and the house altogether. - -Again I had the exquisite delight of hearing Tim Callaghan. It was in -another part of our county, and where he was quite a stranger. A lady had -assembled a number of young persons to a sea-side dance one evening; but, -alas! ere the hour of meeting arrived, she had heard that the fiddler she -expected was ill, and could not possibly attend her. What was to be done? -Nothing! - -When the guests arrived, and the dire news communicated, the gentlemen -in spite of themselves looked terrifically glum, as if they anticipated -a dull evening; and the bright countenances of the ladies were overcast, -though as usual, sweet creatures! they tried to look delightful under all -visitations. In this dilemma one of the beaux suddenly recollected that -“he had seen a piper coming into the village that evening; and he thought -it was probable he would stop for the night at one of the public-houses.” -Hope instantly illuminated all faces, and a messenger was forthwith -dispatched for the man of music. For my part, whenever I heard _a piper_ -mentioned, I knew who was full before me. - -“What sort of person is your piper?” asked I of the gentleman that had -introduced the subject. - -“A tall, stout, rather drowsy-looking fellow,” was the reply. - -“Oh!” cried I, “it is the Inimitable!--it is Tim Callaghan!” - -I was eagerly asked if he were a good performer; and as I could not -venture to reply with any degree of gravity, one other person present, -who knew honest Timothy and his ways, with admirable composure answered, -“That under the shield of Miss Edgeworth’s mighty name he would decline -trumpeting the praises of any one, she having expressly declared in -her novel of ‘Ennui,’ that ‘whoever enters thus announced appears to -disadvantage;’ and therefore,” said my friend, “we leave Tim Callaghan’s -musical merit to speak for itself.” Nothing could be better than this, -and the effect Tim produced was corresponding. - -While the messenger is away for our piper, I must relate an anecdote of -another servant, and a rustic one too, once sent on a similar errand. -John’s master had friends spending the evening with him, and he desired -his servant to procure a musician for the young folks for love or money. -In about half an hour John returned after a fruitless search; and instead -of saying in the usual style that “he could not find one,” he flung open -the drawing-room door, and announced his unsuccess in the following -impromptu,[1] spoken with all due emphasis and discretion-- - - “I searched the city’s cir-cum-fe-rence round, - And not a musician is there to be found! - I fear for music you’ll be at a loss, - For the fiddler has taken the road to Ross!” - -and then made his bow and retired. The _city_, by the way, was a village -of some half-dozen houses. So much for John, and now for Tim Callaghan. - -Presently the identical Tim made his appearance, and was placed in high -state at the top of the room, with a degree of attention and respect -fully due to his abilities. For my part, the very sight of Tim, and the -thought of his consummate assurance or stupidity in attempting to play -for dancing, amused me beyond expression; but I suppressed all symptoms -of this, and kept my eyes and ears on the alert in expectation of what -was to follow. A bumper of his favourite punch was prepared for him, and -while sipping it, I thought he cast a scrutinizing and anxious glance -on the company, probably thinking how he should adjust his _politics_ -there. But he had little time to pause. A quadrille set was immediately -formed, and he was called on to play!--the sapient belles and beaux never -dreaming that a modern piper even _might_ not play quadrilles. Never -did I find it so difficult to restrain myself from immoderate laughter! -There stood the eight _elegantes_, ringleted, perfumed, white-gloved, and -refined; and there sat Tim Callaghan in all his native surly stupidity, -dreadfully puzzled, “looking unutterable things,” humming and hawing, and -tuning and droning much longer than necessary--not in the least aware of -the demand that was to be made on himself or his pipes, but puzzling his -brains as to which of his own he should play _first_. - -“A quadrille, piper!--the first of Montague’s!” called out the leading -gentleman. - -“E--ah!” said Tim Callaghan, opening his sleepy eyes, surprised into some -little animation. - -“The first of Montague’s set of quadrilles!” repeated the beau. - -“Ogh, _Mountycute’s_ is out ov fashin; _but I’ll give yez one as good_;” -and the company being mixed, of whose _opinions_ he could not be sure, -the quadrillers were astounded with “God save the King” in most execrable -style! - -All stared, and most laughed heartily; but what was of more consequence -to poor Tim, his arm was fiercely seized, and he was stopt short in -the midst of his loyalty by an angry demand “if he could play _no_ -quadrilles? Not ---- or ----?” and the names of a dozen quadrilles and -waltzes were mentioned, that the unfortunate minstrel had never heard -of in all his days and travels! In his dire extremity be commenced “the -Boyne,” when at the instant some person called the lady of the house. -The name seemed a _Catholic_ one--a sudden ray of joy shot through his -frame to his fingers’ ends, and from thence to his pipes, and poor -“Patrick’s Day” was the result. A kind of jigging quadrille was then -danced by the least fastidious and better humoured of the party; the -_first_ top couple, superfine exquisites!--the lady an importation from -London, and odorous of “Bouquet a-la-Reine,” and the gentleman a perfect -“Pelham,” from the aristocratic arch of his brow to his shoe-tie--having -retreated to their seats with looks and gestures of horror and disgust, -quite unnoticed by Tim Callaghan, who bore himself with all the dignity -of a household bard of the olden time, in his element, playing his own -favourite tune, and _quollity_ actually dancing to his music! It _was_ a -great day for the house of Callaghan! - -Well! as there seemed nothing better to be had, “Patrick’s Day” continued -in requisition, now as a quadrille, now as a country-dance, by all who -preferred motion to sitting still, before and after supper, till at last -every one was weary of it, and a general vow was made to drop the “Day” -and take the “Boyne,” and endeavour to move it as we best could. By that -time, too, our piper seemed most heartily tired of his patron saint, and -having quaffed his fourth full-flowing goblet, appeared to be rather -inclined for a doze than to renew his melody. But he was roused up by our -worthy host, who, good, gay old man! was the very soul of cheerfulness. - -“For pity’s sake, piper,” said he, “try to give us something that we can -foot it to! I was not in right mood for dancing to-night till now. If -you be an Irishman, look at the pretty girl that is to be my partner for -the next dance, and perhaps her eyes may inspire even _you_, you drowsy -fellow, with momentary animation, and perform a miracle on your pipes!” - -Short as this address was, and gaily as it was uttered, it had no other -effect on our piper than administering an additional soporific. - -While the old gentleman was speaking, the drowsy god was descending -faster and faster on Tim Callaghan. He dozed and was shaken up. - -“What does yez want?” growled he at length. “What the d--l does yez -want?” looking as if he would say, - - “Now my weary lips I close; - Leave me, leave me to repose.” - -“Music! music!” said our host, laughing. “Any sort of music, any sort of -noise,” and he left the piper and took his place amongst the dancers. - -Tim mechanically fumbled at his pipes, while the gentlemen busied -themselves in procuring partners. There was silence for some seconds. -“Begin, piper,” called out our host. - -“Out ov fashin,” muttered Tim in broken half-finished sentences; -“but--I’ll--give--yez--one--as--good----;” and a long, a loud -reverberating _snore_ at the instant made good his promise of music -almost as harmonious as the sounds elicited from his bagpipe!! - -Imagine to yourselves, ye who can, the scene that followed. The -salts-bottle and perfumed handkerchief of the _exquisites_ were in -instant requisition, as if they felt sensations of fainting! the nervous -started as if a pistol went off at their heads, and those who bore the -explosion with fortitude joined in a chorus of laughter, increased to -pain when it was perceived that the Inimitable, noways disturbed or -alarmed, prolonged his repose, and agreeably to the laws of music, and in -excellent taste, bringing in his _nasal_ performance as a grand _finale_ -to each resounding peal! - -“Now,” observed the friend who had answered for me at a critical crisis, -“has not Tim Callaghan made his own panegyric? Has not his merit spoken -for itself? What a figure our inimitable piper would have cut, had we -ushered him in with a flourish of trumpets!” - -When the cachinnatory storm had subsided, and when all considered that -their unrivalled musician had had enough of slumber, he was once more -aroused, to receive his well-earned guerdon, when the following colloquy -commenced:-- - -“Pray, piper, what is your name?” demanded the master of the house, with -all the gravity of a magistrate on the bench, and drawing forth his -tablets. - -“E--ah? Why, Tim Callaghan.” - -“Ha! Tim Callaghan (writing), I shall certainly remember Tim Callaghan! I -suppose, Tim, you are quite celebrated?” - -“E--ah?” - -“I suppose you are very well known?” - -“Why, those that knowed me _wanst_, knows me agin,” quoth Tim Callaghan. - -“I do believe so! I think I shall know you at all events. Who taught you -to play the pipes?” - -“One Tim Hartigan, of the county Clare.” - -“Had he much trouble in teaching you?” - -“_He_ thrubble! I knows nothin’ ov _his_ thrubble, but faix I well -remimber me own! There is lumps in my head to this very day, from the -onmarciful cracks he used to give it when I wint asthray.” - -“Ha! ha! ha! Oh, poor fellow! Well, farewell, Tim Callaghan!--pleasant be -your path through life; and may your fame spread through the thirty-two -counties of green Erin, till you die surfeited with glory!” - -“Faix, I’d rather be _surfeited_ wid a good dinner!” quoth Tim Callaghan, -and made his exit. - -For a couple of years I quite lost sight of Tim, and I began to fear that -he had evanished from the earth altogether “without leaving a copy;” -but, lo! this very summer, that “bright particular star” appeared unto -us again, with a strapping wife, and a young Timotheus at his heels--a -perfect facsimile of its father, nose, sleepy eyes, shovel feet and -all; and all subsisting, nay _flourishing_, on _three_ tunes and their -unrivalled “_varry-a-shins_!” - - M. G. R--. - -[1] Fact! He composed and spoke the verses as I give them. - - * * * * * - -THE DEAD ALIVE.--In my youth I often saw Glover on the stage: he was -a surgeon, and a good writer in the London periodical papers. When he -was in Cork, a man was hanged for sheep-stealing, whom Glover smuggled -into a field, and by surgical skill restored to life, though the culprit -had hung the full time prescribed by law. A few nights after, Glover -being on the stage, acting Polonius, the revived sheep-stealer, full of -whisky, broke into the pit, and in a loud voice called out to Glover, -“Mr Glover, you know you are my second father; you brought me to life, -and sure you have to support me now, for I have no money of my own: you -have been the means of bringing me back into the world, sir; so, by the -piper of Blessington, you are bound to maintain me.” Ophelia never could -suppose she had such a brother as this. The sheriff was in the house -at the time, but appeared not to hear this appeal; and on the fellow -persisting in his outcries, he, through a principle of clemency, slipped -out of the theatre. The crowd at length forced the man away, telling him -that if the sheriff found him alive, it was his duty to hang him over -again!--_Recollections of O’Keefe._ - - - - -[Illustration: LARUS MINUTUS, THE LITTLE GULL.] - - -This bird, hitherto known in Great Britain only as an occasional and rare -visitant, has now been added to the Fauna of Ireland--one of a pair seen -between Shannon Harbour and Shannon Bridge having been shot in the month -of May of the present year, by Walter Boyd, Esq. of the 97th regiment, -and presented by him to the Natural History Society of Dublin. It has -been stuffed by Mr Glennon of Suffolk Street, who continues to gratify -the lovers of natural history by a free inspection of it. - -The Little Gull was first noticed with certainty as a British bird by -Montague, who, in the Supplement to his Ornithological Dictionary, -published in 1813, described an immature specimen, the plumage being that -of the yearling in transition to its winter garb. The Irish specimen, on -the contrary, is invested with its full summer plumage, as described by -Temminck. The head and upper portion of the neck are black; the lower -portion of the neck and under parts of the body are white, and at first -exhibited a rosy tint, which as is usual quickly faded after death; rump -and tail white; upper parts pearl grey, the secondaries and quills being -tipped with white; legs and toes bright red; bill of a reddish brown, -rather than of the deep lake of Temminck, or arterial blood-red of Selby; -its length ten inches, or somewhat more than one-half of that of the -blackheaded gull (_Larus ridibundus_), its nearest congener. - -Little has been added to the history of this bird as briefly given by -Temminck as follows:--“It inhabits the rivers, lakes, and seas of the -eastern countries of Europe; is an occasional visitant of Holland and -Germany; is common in Russia, Livonia, and Finland; and very rarely -wanders to the lakes of Switzerland. It feeds on insects and worms, and -breeds in the eastern and southern countries.” - -In America the Little Gull was noticed on the northern journey of -Sir John Franklin, and it is numbered by Bonaparte amongst the rarer -birds of the United States--rendering it probable that the American -continent includes also its breeding habitats. To this we may reasonably -add--considering the state of plumage of the Irish specimens, the season -of their discovery, the inland locality in which they were seen, and the -analogy in habits between them and the other blackheaded gulls with which -they were associated--a belief and hope that the Little Gull will yet be -found to breed on some of the wide expanses of the Shannon, or on the -lakes of Roscommon, Leitrim, and Sligo. - -To understand the relation of this gull to the other species of the same -genus, it is necessary that we should take a rapid survey of the whole -family; and happy are we to indulge ourselves in such mental rambling, as -many a gladsome reminiscence will be awakened both in our own and in our -readers’ minds by the mention of these well-known birds. Few indeed are -there who at some period of their lives have not wandered to the sea-side -to enjoy the exhilarating influence of the sea breeze, and to revel, -perchance, on the rich feast of knowledge which the many strange but -admirably formed creatures of the deep must ever present to the inquiring -and contemplative mind. To them the sea-mew or gull must be familiar, -both in those of the larger species, which are seen heavily winging -their way over the waters, or poised in air, wheeling round to approach -their surface, and in those of lighter and more aërial form, which, in -the words of Wilson, “enliven the prospect by their airy movements--now -skimming closely over the watery element, watching the motions of the -surges, and now rising into the higher regions, sporting with the winds;” -and we may surely add, still in the words of that enthusiastic worshipper -of Nature, that “such zealous inquirers must have found themselves amply -compensated for all their toil, by observing these neat and clean birds -coursing along the rivers and coasts, and by inhaling the invigorating -breezes of the ocean, and listening to the soothing murmurs of its -billows.” Nor could they fail to notice how admirably the white and grey -tints which prevail in the plumage of these birds harmonize with those -of air and ocean--a species of adaptation which is manifest in all the -works of nature, no colours, however varied, presenting to the eye an -incongruous or disagreeable picture, and no sounds, however modified by -the throats of a thousand feathered warblers, jarring as discord on the -ear. Well may we judge from this that our senses were framed in unison -with all created objects, and that the right test of excellence in music, -painting, or poetry, is, “that it is natural.” - -The genus _Larus_ (Gull) of the early writers included many birds now -separated from it--the Skuas, or parasitic gulls; Lestris; the Terns, -or sea-swallows; Sterna; and some others--the consequence of increasing -knowledge in natural science being the gradual limitation of genera by -the use of more precise and restricted characters. All these genera -now form part of the family of Laridæ, or gull-like birds--the system -of grouping together those genera which exhibit striking analogies in -plumage or habits securing the advantages of a natural arrangement, -without the danger of that confusion which so often results from loosely -defined genera. The tendency is indeed to still further subdivision--the -kittiwake (_Larus rissa_) having been made the type of a new genus, Rissa -(Stephens), and the blackheaded gulls classed together as the genus -_Xema_ (Boië)--the periodic change of the colour of their heads from the -white of winter to the black of summer, their more rapid and tern or -swallow-like flight, and their inland habits, forming so many striking -and apparently natural marks of distinction. To this genus, if finally -admitted, will belong the Little Gull (_Xema minuta_). - -The term _Larus_ is adopted from the Greek, the ancient Latin name as -used by Pliny being _Gavia_. Brisson (1763) applies _Larus_ to some of -the larger species, and _Gavia_ to a multitude of others; but there -is much confusion in his identifications of species, and the line of -separation was not well considered. Modern writers also subdivide the -gulls, for the sake of convenience, into two sections--the larger, or -those varying from nineteen to twenty-six or more inches in length, the -“Goelands” of Temminck; and the smaller, or “Mouettes” of Temminck. But -this system of division is imperfect, as it veils the remarkable relation -existing between many of the larger and smaller gulls, which should not -therefore be separated from each other. This relation was noticed by -some of the earlier writers. Willoughby designates under the name _Larus -cinereus maximus_ both the herring and the lesser blackbacked gulls; and -under that of _Larus cinereus minor_, the common sea-gull. This kind of -relation is indeed strikingly displayed amongst British gulls--as in the -greater and lesser blackbacked gulls, the Glaucous and Iceland gulls, the -herring and common gulls, and, we may add, the blackheaded and little -gulls; and it is very probable that further research will show that it -exists still more widely. - -From Aristotle or Pliny little can be gleaned of the history of these -birds. Aristotle states that the Gaviæ and Mergi lay two or three -eggs on the rock--the Gaviæ in summer, the Mergi in the beginning of -spring--hatching the eggs, but not building in the manner of other birds. -Pliny says that the Gaviæ build on rocks, the Mergi sometimes on trees; -from which remark it appears probable that the genus _Mergus_ then -included not merely the various divers, but also the cormorants, as was -formerly conjectured by Turner. Whilst, therefore, the ancient Latin name -of gull, _Gavia_, has been entirely removed from modern nomenclature, -the word Mergus has obtained a signification very limited in comparison -to that which it enjoyed among the ancients, being now applied to the -Mergansers alone, although for a time restored by Brisson to the Colymbi, -which, as possessing the property of diving in its highest perfection, -seem most entitled to retain it, whilst the term _Merganser_ might be -judiciously applied to the genus now called by some, _Mergus_, as was -done by Aldrovandus, Willoughby, Brisson, and Stephens. - -The remarkable differences in the habits of gulls, which form in part the -basis of separation, as suggested by Boië in the case of the blackheaded -gulls, were early noticed. Old Gesner (1587) says that some gulls dwell -about fresh waters, others about the sea; and from Aristotle, that the -grey gull seeks lakes and rivers, whilst the white gull inhabits the sea. -Every one indeed must have noticed the flocks of gulls which occasionally -appear inland, and share with the rooks and other corvidæ the rich -repast of grubs which is afforded by the fresh-ploughed land. The common -gull (_Larus canus_) is one of those which indulge in these terrestrial -excursions; but the blackheaded gulls (_Xema_) select even the inland -marshes as their breeding-places. The more truly maritime gulls select -islands or rocks, on the surface of which they deposit their eggs, as the -kittiwake the narrow ledges of precipitous cliffs, the young being reared -with safety, where it would seem that the least movement must plunge them -from the giddy height into the abyss below. This beautiful illustration -of the power of instinct to preserve even the nestling from danger, is -admirably displayed on the northern coast of Mayo, where at Downpatrick -Head the whole face of the perpendicular limestone cliff is peopled by -line above line of gulls, flying, when disturbed by a stone thrown either -from mischievous or curious hand, in screaming flocks from their eggs -or young, and as quickly settling upon them again, without, as it were, -disturbing the equilibrium of either in a place where to move would be -to tumble into destruction. The clamour of the kittiwake is indeed so -great on such occasions that it has given rise in the Feroe Islands to a -proverb, “noisy as the Rita in the rocks.” The eggs of several species of -gulls are used as food, being regularly sought for as such on the coast -of Devonshire and other maritime places, but those of the blackheaded -gulls are considered the best, and often substituted for plover eggs. -The flesh of gulls was considered by the ancients unfit for the food of -man; not so by the moderns, who, though probably no great admirers of -it, have not entirely rejected it. Hence Willoughby tells us (1678) that -“the sea-crows (blackheaded gulls) yearly build and breed at Norbury in -Staffordshire, in an island in the middle of a great pool, in the grounds -of Mr Skrimshew, distant at least 30 miles from the sea. About the -beginning of March hither they come; about the end of April they build. -They lay three, four, or five eggs of a dirty green colour, spotted with -dark brown, two inches long, of an ounce and half weight, blunter at one -end. The first down of the young is ash-coloured, and spotted with black. -The first feathers on the back, after they are fledged, are black. When -the young are almost come to their full growth, those entrusted by the -lord of the soil drive them from off the island through the pool, into -nets set in the banks to take them. When they have taken them, they feed -them with the entrails of beasts; and when they are fat, sell them for -fourpence or fivepence a-piece. They take yearly about one thousand two -hundred young ones; whence may be computed what profit the lord makes of -them. About the end of July they all fly away and leave the island.” And -in Feroe, according to Landt (1798), the flesh of the kittiwake is not -only eaten, but considered “well-tasted.” As pets, gulls have always on -the sea-coast been favourites, Gesner quotes from Oppian, “That gulls -are much attached to man--familiarly attend upon him; and, when watching -the fishermen, as they draw their nets and divide the spoil, clamorously -demand their share.” In our own boyish experience we knew one, poor -Tom, which grew up under our care to maturity, and, unrestrained by any -artificial means, flew away and returned again as inclination impelled -it--recognising and answering our voice even when flying high in air -above. But, alas! like too many pets, he fell a sacrifice to the loss of -that instinct which would have led him to shun danger. He joined a crowd -of water-fowl on a small lake on the Start Bay Sands. His companions, -alarmed at the approach of the fowler, flew unharmed away; but poor -Tom, with ill-judged confidence, left the water and walked fearlessly -toward the enemy of all winged creatures, who could not allow even a -gull to escape, and, alas! he was the next moment stretched lifeless on -the sand. Here we shall arrest our pen. Perhaps we have dwelt too long -on this interesting genus of birds, and yet we would hope that some -of our readers may profit by our remarks, and be led to watch with an -inquisitive eye the many animated beings which surround them, and thus -to read in Nature’s never-tiring, never-exhausted volume, new lessons of -wisdom--new proofs of the exalted intelligence which has created every -thing perfect and good of its kind. - - J. E. P. - - - - -THE CHASE, A POEM TRANSLATED FROM THE IRISH. - - - OISIN. - - O son of Calphruin! thou whose ear - Sweet chant of psalms delights to hear, - Hast thou ere heard the tale, - How Fionn urged the lonely chase, - Apart from all the Fenian race, - Brave sons of Innisfail? - - PATRICK. - - O royal born! whom none exceeds - In moving song, or hardy deeds, - That tale, to me as yet untold, - Though far renown’d, do thou unfold - In truth severely wise, - From fancy’s wanderings far apart: - For what is fancy’s glozing art - But falsehood in disguise? - - OISIN. - - O! ne’er on gallant Fenian race - Fell falsehood’s accusation base: - By faith of deeds, by strength of hand, - By trusty might of battle-brand, - We spread afar our glorious fame, - And safely from each conflict came. - Ne’er sat a monk in holy chair, - Devote to chanting hymn and prayer, - More true than the Fenians bold: - No chief like Fionn, world around, - Was e’er to bards so gen’rous found, - With gifts of ruddy gold. - If lived the son of Morné fleet, - Who ne’er for treasure burned; - Or Duiné’s son to woman sweet, - Who ne’er from battle turned, - But fearless with his single glaive - A hundred foemen dared to brave: - If lived Macgaree stern and wild, - That hero of the trenchant brand; - Or Caoilte, Ronan’s witty child, - Of liberal heart and open hand; - Or Oscar, once my darling boy, - Thy psalms would bring me little joy. - If lived, the Fenian deeds to sing, - Sweet Fergus with his voice of glee; - Or Daire, who trilled a faultless string, - Small pleasure were thy bells to me. - If lived the dauntless little Hugh, - Or Fillan, courteous, kind and meek, - Or Conan bald, for whom the dew - Of sorrow yet is on my cheek, - Or that small dwarf whose power could steep - The Fenian host in death-like sleep-- - More sweet one breath of theirs would be - Than all thy clerks’ sad psalmody. - - PATRICK. - - Thy chiefs renowned extol no more, - O son of kings--nor number o’er; - But low, on bended knee, record - The power and glory of the Lord; - And beat the breast, and shed the tear, - And still his holy name revere, - Almighty, by whose potent breath - Thy vanquished Fenians sleep in death. - - OISIN. - - Alas! for Oisin--dire the tale! - No music in thy voice I hear; - Not for thy wrathful God I wail, - But for my Fenians dear. - Thy God! a rueful God I trow, - Whose love is earned by want and woe! - Since came thy dull psalm-singing crew, - How rapid away our pastimes flew, - And all that charmed the soul! - Where now are the royal gifts of gold, - The flowing robe with its satin fold, - And the heart-delighting bowl? - Where now the feast, and the revel high, - And the jocund dance and sweet minstrelsy, - And the steed loud-neighing in the morn, - With the music sweet of hound and horn, - And well-armed guards of coast and bay? - All, all like a dream have passed away; - And now we have clerks with their holy qualms, - And books, and bells, and eternal psalms, - And fasting--that waster gaunt and grim, - That strips of all beauty both body and limb. - - PATRICK. - - Oh! cease this strain, nor longer dare - Thy Fionn, or his chiefs, compare - With him who reigns in matchless might, - The King of kings enthroned in light. - ’Tis he who frames the heavens and earth; - ’Tis he who nerves the hero’s hand; - ’Tis he who calls fair fields to birth, - And bids each blooming branch expand: - He gives the fishy streams to run, - And lights the moon and radiant sun. - What deeds like these, though great his fame, - Canst thou ascribe to Fionn’s name? - - OISIN. - - To weeds and grass his princely eye - My sire ne’er fondly turned; - But he raised his country’s glory high, - When the strife of warriors burned. - To shine in games of strength and skill, - To breast the torrent from the hill, - To lead the van of the bannered host-- - These were his deeds and these his boast. - Where was thy God, when o’er the tide - Two heroes hither bore - Of Lochlin, king of ships, the bride, - And carnage heaped the shore? - When Tailk on Fenians hacked his brand, - ’Twas not thy God’s, but Oscar’s hand - That hero prostrate laid; - When rough-voiced Manus swept the coast, - If lived thy God, the Fenian host - Had triumphed by his aid. - When Aluin, Anver’s son of fame, - Round Tara rolled the bickering flame, - Not by thy King’s, but Oscar’s glaive - The warrior sank in a bloody grave. - When haughty Dearg advanced in pride - With his shields of gold o’er Lochlin’s tide, - Why lingered then thy cloud-borne Lord - To save our host from his slaughtering sword? - Oh! glorious deeds arise in crowds, - Of the gallant Fenian band; - But what is achieved by thy King of the clouds-- - Where reddened he his hand?[2] - - PATRICK. - - Here let this vain contention rest, - For frenzy, Bard, inspires thy breast. - Supreme in bliss God ever reigns: - Thy Fionn groans in hell’s domains-- - In penal fire--in lasting chains. - - OISIN. - - Small glory to thy potent King - His chains and fires on our host to bring! - Oh! how unlike our generous chief, - Who, if thy King felt wrong or grief, - Would soon in arms, with valour strong, - Avenge the grief, redress the wrong. - Whom did the Fenian king e’er see - In thraldom, pain, or fear, - But his ready gold would set him free, - Or the might of his victor spear? - This arm, did frenzy touch my brain, - Their heads from thy clerks would sever, - Nor thy crozier here, nor white book remain, - Nor thy bells be heard for ever. - -TO BE CONTINUED. - -[2] - - ----_rubente_ - _Dextera_ sacras jaculatus arces - Terruit urbem.--HOR. - - ----Heaven’s eternal Sire, - With _red right-arm_, at his own temples hurl’d - His thunders, and alarm’d a guilty world.--FRANCIS. - -Some of Oisin’s expressions might justly shock the piety of St Patrick. -But let it be remembered that Oisin is no convert to Christianity; on the -contrary, he is opposed to it, principally because it had put an end to -his favourite pastimes. - - - - -EGYPT AND SYRIA--MEHEMET ALI. - - -The boasted civilization which Mehemet Ali has introduced into the -countries under his sway is entirely superficial, and has no origin -whatever in any real improvement or amelioration in the condition or -for the benefit of their respective populations; and the reason why a -contrary impression has so generally prevailed amongst late travellers is -as follows:--When travellers arrive at Alexandria, and more particularly -those of name or rank, they immediately fall into the hands of a set -of clever persons, some of them consuls, who having either made their -fortunes by the Pacha, or having them to make, leave no effort unemployed -to impress them with favourable opinions of his government. They are then -presented at the Divan, where, instead of a reserved austere-looking -Turk, they find a lively animated old man, who converses freely and gaily -with them, talks openly of his projects to come, and of his past life, -tells them that he is glad to see them, and that the more travellers -that pass through Egypt, the better he is pleased; that he wishes every -act of his government and institutions to be known and seen, and that -the more they are so, the better will he be appreciated. He then turns -the conversation to some subject personal to them, for he is always -well informed of who and what they are, and what they know, and at last -dismisses them with an injunction to visit his establishments with care, -and to let him know their opinion of them on their return; and if they -happen to be persons of distinction, he offers them a cavass to accompany -them on their journey. All this is done in a simple pleasing manner, -which can hardly fail to captivate when coming from so remarkable a man. -Instructed by the clique, and won by the Pacha, they proceed on their -journey to Cairo, where the delusion begun at Alexandria is completed; -for travelling through the country is now easy, and comparatively safe -to what it was, and establishments of various kinds, such as polytechnic -schools, schools of medicine and general instruction, and manufactories, -have been formed in Cairo and those parts of the country which are -most frequently visited. These are under the direction of foreigners, -chiefly Frenchmen, and are open to those who choose to visit them; -consequently, as the greater proportion of travellers seek for sights -more than instruction, these gentlemen, won at Alexandria, and delighted -at the facility of their journey from that place, neither turn to the -right nor the left from the beaten track, but, judging of what they do -not see by that which is purposely prepared to be shown them, return -to Europe, and on grounds such as I have above described, and without -looking an inch beneath the surface, proclaim the Pacha the civilizer -and regenerator of Egypt. How far such is the case, you will be able to -judge from what follows, in which there is no exaggeration. The journey -I made extended up to the second cataract on the Nile, throughout Egypt -and Nubia, and then through Palestine, the whole of Syria, and the -Libanus. I consequently visited very nearly all the countries under the -domination of Mehemet Ali, and as I did not allow myself to be influenced -at Alexandria, and missed no occasion of informing myself of the state -of things whilst on my journey, I may fairly say that I can give an -unbiassed opinion as to what is going on in that unhappy part of the -world. - -In Egypt the whole of the land belongs to the Pacha; besides himself -there is no land-proprietor, and he has the absolute monopoly of every -thing that is grown in the country. The following is the manner in which -it is cultivated:--Portions of land are divided out between the fellahs -of a village, according to their numbers; seed, corn, cotton, or other -produce, is given to them; this they sow and reap, and of the produce -seventy-five per cent. is immediately taken to the Pacha’s depots. The -remaining twenty-five per cent. is left them, with, however, the power to -take it at a price fixed by the Pacha himself, and then resold to them at -a higher rate. This is generally done, and reduces the pittance left them -about five per cent. more; from this they are to pay the capitation tax, -which is not levied according to the real number of the inhabitants of a -village, but according to numbers at which it is rated in the government -books; so that in one instance with which I was acquainted, a village -originally rated at 200, but reduced by the conscription to 100, and by -death or flight to 40, was still obliged to pay the full capitation; and -when I went there, 26 of the 40 had been just bastinadoed to extort from -them their proportion of the sum claimed. After the capitation comes the -tax on the date-trees, raised from 30 to 60 paras by the Pacha, and that -of 200 piasters a-year for permission to use their own water-wheels, -without which the lands situated beyond the overflow of the Nile, or too -high for it to reach, would be barren. Then comes an infinity of taxes on -every article of life, even to the cakes of camels’ dung which the women -and children collect and dry for fuel, and which pay 25 per cent. in kind -at the gate of Cairo and the other towns. Next to the taxes comes the -_corvee_ in the worst form, and in continual action; at any moment the -fellahs are liable to be seized for public works, for the transport of -the baggage of the troops, or to track the boats of the government or its -officers, and this without pay or reference to the state of their crops. - -When Mehemet Ali made his famous canal from Alexandria to the Nile, -he did it by forcibly marching down 150,000 men from all parts of the -country, and obliging them to excavate with their hands, as tools they -had not, or perhaps could not be provided. The excavation was completed -in three months, but 30,000 men died in the operation. Then comes the -curse of the conscription, which is exercised in a most cruel and -arbitrary manner, without any sort of rule or law to regulate it. An -order is given to the chief of a district to furnish a certain number -of men; these he seizes like wild beasts wherever he can find them, -without distinction or exemption, the weak as well as the strong, the -sick as well as those in health; and as there is no better road to the -Pacha’s favour than showing great zeal in this branch of the service, he -if possible collects more even than were demanded. These are chained, -marched down to the river, and embarked amidst the tears and lamentations -of their families, who know that they shall probably never see them -again: for change of climate, bad treatment, and above all, despair, -cause a mortality in the Pacha’s army beyond belief; mutilation is not -now considered an exemption, and the consequence of the system is, that -from Assouan, at the first cataract, to Aleppo, you literally speaking -never see a young man in a village; and such is the depopulation, that -if things continue as they now are for two years more, and the Pacha -insists on keeping up his army to its present force, it will be utterly -impossible for the crops to be got in, or for any of the operations of -agriculture to be carried on. - -The whole of this atrocious system is carried into action by the cruelest -means--no justice of any sort for the weak, no security for those who are -better off: the bastinado and other tortures applied on every occasion, -and at the arbitrary will of every servant of the government. In addition -to this, the natives of the country are rarely employed--never in offices -of trust--and the whole government is entrusted to Turks. In short, the -worst features of the Mameluke and Turkish rules are still in active -operation; but the method of applying them is much more ingenious, and -the boasted civilization of Mehemet Ali amounts to this: that being -beyond doubt a man of extraordinary talents, he knows how to bring -into play the resources of the country better than his predecessors -did, but like them entirely for his own interest, and without any -reference to the well-being of the people; and that with the aid of his -European instruments he has, if I may say so, applied the screw with a -master-hand, and squeezed from the wretches under his sway the very last -drop of their blood. - -Such is the state of these two countries. Syria is perhaps the worst -off of the two: for the Egyptians used to oppression bear it without a -struggle: whilst the Syrians, who had been less harshly treated in old -times, writhe under and gnaw their chain.--_From the Sun newspaper._ - - * * * * * - -ROTATION RAILWAY.--This invention aims at effecting a complete revolution -in the present mode of railway construction and locomotion. In place of -having the ordinary rails and wheeled carriages, two series of wheels are -fixed along the whole length of the road at about two yards apart, and -at an equal distance from centre to centre of each wheel. These wheels -are connected throughout the whole length of the line by bands working in -grooved pullies keyed on to the same axle as the wheels, but the axles of -one side of the line are not connected with those of the opposite line. -The axles of the wheels are raised about one foot from the ground; the -top of the wheel, which is proposed to be of 3 feet diameter, will be -therefore elevated 2½ feet above the surface. On these wheels is placed a -strong framing of timber, having an iron plate fastened on each side in -the line of the two series of wheels. A little within this bearing frame, -so as just to clear the wheels, is a luggage-box or hold, descending to -within a few inches of the ground, in which it is proposed to stow all -heavy commodities, for which purpose it is well adapted, opening as it -does at either end, and its flooring close to the surface of the ground. -At each end of the lower part of the framing of this luggage-box, are -fixed horizontal guide or friction wheels, working against the supports -of the bearing wheels and pullies, by which arrangement curves will be -traversed with little friction, and it will be impossible for the framing -to quit the track. The framing of timber will be about 19 feet in length, -so that it will rest alternately on six and eight wheels, but never on -less than six. On this framing the passenger carriages are erected, -which, in its progression forward, it is thought will be kept steady and -free from lateral motion by the weight in the luggage-box, assisted by -the horizontal guide-wheels. Locomotion is produced by putting the wheels -in motion by means of machinery at either end, which would be effected -for an immense distance with a moderate power, as there would be very -little more friction due to the wheels than that arising from their own -weight; and the frame which bears the carriage would not be run on to -the bearing-wheels until the whole were in motion, when its weight would -act almost after the manner of a fly-wheel, resting as it would on the -periphery of the bearing-wheels. It will be perceived that by this plan -the bearings of the wheels must be kept perfectly in the direction of -the plane of the road, whether inclined or horizontal; otherwise serious -concussions would occur. But this would not be the case by the depression -of one wheel, or even by its entire removal, as the framing will be -constructed sufficiently stiff as not to deflect by having the distance -of the bearings doubled. If this plan should be found to answer, it will -present facilities of transport never before thought of, as carriages -might be continually dispatched without a chance of collision, either -by stoppage or from increased speed of the last beyond the preceding. -It also promises to remove the present great drawback to railway -progression, viz. the being able to surmount but very slight acclivities -by locomotive power with any profitable load; but by the rotative system, -inclines may be surmounted of almost any steepness without the chance -of accident. If a band should break, the action of this railway would -not be impeded, as the power being transmitted from either end, rotation -would take place throughout its whole length, but the power would not -be transmitted from either end past the disjunction. Even should two -bands be destroyed at a distance from each other and on the same side of -the track, its action would not be destroyed, for although the isolated -portion of wheels would be dead, those on the other side of the track -would be in action, which, with the horizontal guide-wheels, would -move forward the carriage, although, on such portion, at a diminished -speed. Instead of an increased outlay being required in the formation of -railways on this system, it is estimated that a very considerable saving -will be effected, as a single track will be sufficient, with sidings of -dead wheels at the termination of the several portions into which a long -line would be divided. In crossing valleys, a framing of piles to support -the bearing-wheels would be quite sufficient, and the road might be left -quite open between each line of wheels, as it would be impossible for the -carriage to quit the track, and therefore no necessity for making a solid -road for safety sake.--_Civil Engineer and Architect’s Journal._ - - * * * * * - -MAGNANIMITY.--When the Spanish armies invested Malaga in 1487, when in -possession of the Moors, a circumstance occurred in a sortie from the -city, indicating a trait of character worth recording. A noble Moor, -named Abraher Zenete, fell in with a number of Spanish children who had -wandered from their quarters. Without injuring them, he touched them -gently with the handle of his lance, saying, “Get ye gone, varlets, to -your mothers.” On being rebuked by his comrades, who inquired why he -had let them escape so easily, he replied, “Because I saw no beard upon -their chins.” An example of magnanimity (says the Curate of Los Palacios) -truly wonderful in a heathen, and which might have reflected credit on -a Christian hidalgo.--_Prescott’s History of the Reign of Ferdinand and -Isabella, Boston, 1839._ - - * * * * * - - Printed and Published every Saturday by GUNN and CAMERON, at - the Office of the General Advertiser, No. 6, Church Lane, - College Green, Dublin.--Agents:--R. GROOMBRIDGE, Panyer Alley, - Paternoster Row, London; SIMMS and DINHAM, Exchange Street, - Manchester; C. DAVIES, North John Street, Liverpool; J. - DRAKE, Birmingham; M. BINGHAM, Broad Street, Bristol; FRASER - and CRAWFORD, George Street, Edinburgh; and DAVID ROBERTSON, - Trongate, Glasgow. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. -13, September 26, 1840, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, SEPTEMBER 26, 1840 *** - -***** This file should be named 54232-0.txt or 54232-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/2/3/54232/ - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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