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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 11,
-September 12, 1840, by Various
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
-
-
-Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 11, September 12, 1840
-
-Author: Various
-
-Release Date: February 12, 2017 [EBook #54155]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, SEPTEMBER 12, 1840 ***
-
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-
-Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading
-Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from
-images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org)
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-
-                        THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL.
-
-      NUMBER 11.      SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1840.      VOLUME I.
-
-[Illustration: CLONTARF CASTLE, COUNTY OF DUBLIN.]
-
-There are few things that afford us a higher pleasure than to observe
-our metropolis and our provincial cities and towns, despite of adverse
-circumstances, increasing in the number and splendour of their public
-buildings, for they are sure evidences of the advance of civilization,
-with its attendant train of arts, amongst us, and that we are progressing
-to the rank and dignity of a great nation. Yet we confess we enjoy a
-still higher gratification when we see springing up around us great
-architectural works of another class--those erected by individuals of
-the aristocracy as residences for themselves and those who are to come
-after them. Such architectural works are not merely interesting from the
-gratifications they afford to the feeling of taste, and the epic dignity
-and beauty which they contribute to landscape scenery, but have a higher
-interest as pledges to the nation that those who have erected them have a
-filial attachment to the soil which gave them birth, and which supplies
-them, whether for good or evil, with the means of greatness; and that
-they are not disposed to play the part of unwise and ungrateful children.
-To us it little matters what the creed or party of such individuals may
-be; however they may err in opinions, their feelings are at heart as
-they should be. The aristocrat of large means, who is resident not from
-necessity but from choice, and who spends a portion of his wealth in
-the adornment of his home, is rarely, if ever, a bad landlord. Desiring
-to see art and nature combine to produce the sentiment of beauty in
-the objects immediately about him, he cannot willingly allow it to be
-associated with the unsightly and discordant emblems of penury and
-sorrow. To be indifferent about the presence of such accompaniments
-would be an anomaly in human character, and only an exception proving
-the general rule. It is this class of men that we want--men who seek
-happiness in their legitimate homes, and the diffusion of blessings among
-those to whom it is their duty to be protectors--lovers of the arts of
-refined society, not the gross and generally illiterate pursuers of
-field sports, which, by hardening the heart towards the lower animals
-of creation, prepares it for reckless indifference to the wants and
-sufferings of our fellow men. Had we more of such patriots--more of such
-domestic architectural buildings starting into existence, evidencing
-as well their refined tastes and habits as the sincerity of the love
-they bear their native land, we should soon see the face of our country
-changed, and peace and happiness smiling around us. We do not, however,
-indulge in any feelings of despondence for the future. Very many
-beautiful creations of the architectural art have recently been erected
-in Ireland, and we have little apprehension that they will not increase
-in number till our island shall rival any other portion of the empire
-in the possession of such characteristic features of civilization and
-beauty. Cheered by such pleasing anticipations, we shall endeavour to the
-best of our ability to make our readers familiar with the architectural
-styles of the chief residences of our nobility and gentry, as well as
-with the general features of the scenery in which they are situated; and,
-as a commencement, we have selected the seat of the Vernons--the recently
-re-erected Castle of Clontarf.
-
-The name of this locality, which is situated on the northern shore of
-the Bay of Dublin, and about two miles from the city, must at least be
-familiar to most of our readers, being memorable in history as the scene
-of the most national and best contested battle ever fought in Ireland,
-when in 1014 the monarch Brian Boru obtained a decisive victory over
-the united forces of the Danish and Norwegian invaders of the British
-islands, assisted by the Irish troops of a recreant King of Leinster.
-This name signifies in English the lawn or recess of the bull, being
-formed from two Celtic words, _cluain_, a lawn or pastoral plain, and
-_tarbh_, a bull; the latter appellation expressing its contiguity to one
-of the two great sand-banks of the bay, now called the North and South
-Bulls, from the similitude of the sounds produced by the breaking of the
-sea upon their shores, to the roar of animals of that denomination.
-
-As it is stated that a church or monastery was founded here as early
-as the year 550, it is probable that this name is of ecclesiastical
-origin, and that the site of that ancient church is still marked by the
-present parish one from which it was derived. But, however this may be,
-immediately after the settlement of the Anglo-Normans, the lands of
-Clontarf and Santry, constituting one knight’s fee, were granted by Hugh
-de Lacy, Lord of Meath, to one of his followers, named Adam de Feipo, or
-as the name is now written, Phepoe, by whom, as is generally supposed,
-the Castle of Clontarf was erected, and its lands created a manor. This
-manor, as well as its castle, appears, however, to have passed very soon
-after into the possession of the Knights Templars, by whom a commandery
-of the Order, dependent upon their splendid establishment at Kilmainham,
-was placed here. Upon the suppression of the Templars, their manor of
-Clontarf was granted, in 1311, to Richard de Burgo, Earl of Ulster, the
-religious edifices upon it remaining in the king’s hands as a royal
-house; and in 1326, Roger le Ken had a grant of the premises in Clontarf,
-which he had heretofore occupied at will, to hold henceforth to him and
-the heirs of his body. Towards the close of the same century, however, in
-obedience to the Pope’s decree in reference to the lands of the Templars,
-the manor passed into the possession of the Knights Hospitallers of St
-John of Jerusalem, on which Clontarf became a preceptory of that Order,
-and a chief seat of the Grand Prior of Kilmainham. It seems somewhat
-probable, however, that the descendants of Roger le Ken still continued
-to hold the manor as lessees of the Hospitallers till the dissolution
-of the Order, as, immediately previous to that event, on an inquisition
-taken, the Prior of Kilmainham was found seised of the manor, rectory,
-tithes, and altarages of Clontarf, subject, however, to a lease made in
-the year 1538 to Matthew King (a corrupted form perhaps of the name Ken)
-of all the town and lordship, with the appurtenances, and also the pool
-of Clontarf, and the island lying to the west side thereof, and all the
-said rectory, tithes, &c. to endure for nine years. In this demise it
-was provided that the lessee should repair the manor-house and maintain
-a sufficient person to administer all sacraments to the parishioners at
-their proper charges. On the suppression of the monastic order in the
-thirty-second year of Henry the Eighth, Sir John Rawson, the Prior of
-Kilmainham--a very distinguished man, who had at various periods held the
-office of Treasurer of Ireland--having, with the consent of his Chapter
-under their common seal, surrendered the hospital with its dependencies
-into the King’s hands, he was created Viscount of Clontarf in 1541, on a
-representation made to his majesty by the Lord Deputy, with a pension of
-five hundred marks, in right of which dignity he sat in the parliament of
-that year.
-
-In the year 1600, the manor, territory, tithes, town, and lordships of
-Clontarf, as enjoyed by the Priors of Kilmainham, were granted by Queen
-Elizabeth to Sir Geoffry Fenton, who had filled the office of Secretary
-of State for Ireland; and on his death in 1608 these premises were
-further assured to his son Sir William, who had a confirmation of this
-manor in 1637, under the commission for the remedy of defective titles.
-Yet it appears that very shortly afterwards, the manor, however acquired,
-was again in the possession of a member of the King family; for, on the
-breaking out of the rebellion of 1641, the town, manor-house, &c. of
-Clontarf, then the property of Mr George King, were burnt by Sir Charles
-Coote as a punishment for the supposed participation of that gentleman
-in a plunder made of a cargo from a vessel which lay there, by Luke
-Netterville and his adherents. King was shortly afterwards attainted, a
-reward of £400 offered for his head; and his estates, comprising this
-manor, Hollybrook, and the island of Clontarf, containing, as stated,
-961 acres statute measure, were bestowed by Cromwell on Captain John
-Bakewell, who afterwards sold the estate to John Vernon, a scion of the
-noble Norman family of the De Vernons, and from whose brother the present
-proprietor descends.
-
-In 1660, Colonel Edward Vernon, the son of John Vernon, passed patent
-for this manor in fee, together with all anchorages, fisheries, creeks,
-sands and sea-shores, wrecks of the sea, &c.; which right was saved in
-subsequent acts of parliament, and still remains to his successors. And
-in 1675, the king further enlarged the jurisdictions, tenures, and courts
-of this manor, with a grant of royalties (royal mines excepted), power to
-empark three hundred acres, with free warren, privilege of holding two
-fairs, one on the 10th of April and the other on the 16th of October,
-with customs, &c. These fairs have, however, been long discontinued.
-
-We have thus briefly traced the origin, and succession of proprietors of
-this castle and manor, as immediately connected with the subject of our
-prefixed illustration; but our limits will not allow us to touch on the
-general history of the locality on the present occasion.
-
-Of the original castle erected here in the twelfth century, a square
-tower, connected with additions of the sixteenth and subsequent
-centuries, was preserved as a residence for the proprietors of the manor
-till the year 1835, when the present noble structure was commenced from
-the designs and under the superintendence of the late William Morrison,
-Esq., the most eminent and accomplished architect whom Ireland has
-possessed within the present century. With the good feeling as well as
-refined taste for which this admirable artist was so distinguished, his
-first desire in the re-edification of this castle was to preserve as far
-as possible the original buildings; and while he increased their extent
-in the necessary additions to them, to preserve and restore them as much
-as possible to what might be supposed to have been their original state.
-But it was found impracticable to do so. The foundations were found
-to have sunk, and a nearly total re-erection was therefore necessary;
-yet, in the new edifice, attending to the historical associations
-connected with a spot so interesting, he so designed it as to exhibit
-with historical accuracy what might be supposed to have been the forms
-and features of the ancient buildings, and thus make it a consistent
-commentary on and illustration of the past history of its locality.
-
-With these remarks, which were necessary to insure a just appreciation of
-the intention of the architect in the diversified character which he has
-given to this architectural composition, we may describe it generally as
-a structure in its character partly military, partly domestic, and to a
-certain extent ecclesiastical. Its grand feature is a tower in the Norman
-style of the twelfth century, which ascends to the height of seventy
-feet, or with a smaller tower which is placed behind it, eighty feet:
-it has turrets at its angles, and its windows as well as its interior
-are enriched with decorations in harmony with its architectural style.
-Connected with this tower, and placed on its west side, is the principal
-portion of the domestic buildings, which present the purest specimen,
-perhaps, of Tudor architecture to be found in Ireland. The entrance to
-this range is placed beneath a small but lofty tower, beneath which a
-vestibule leads into a spacious and lofty hall, fifty-one feet by twenty,
-which presents much the appearance of a Gothic church, the walls being
-panelled, and painted to imitate dark oak. This hall is floored with
-Irish oak polished, and its roof is supported by principals springing
-from richly ornamented corbels, or pendants--its beauty being much
-increased by gilded bosses with which it is studded, and which, sparkling
-among the dark tracery, have a singularly rich effect. The cornice is
-also richly ornamented, and presents at intervals similar gilded bosses.
-But the imposing feature of this great chamber is a magnificent staircase
-of oak, placed at its eastern end, which leads, by two return flights,
-to a gallery crossing the hall, and communicating with the principal
-bed-chambers, and which would serve for an orchestra on occasions of
-festivity. At the other end of the hall are doors leading into the
-drawing-room, dancing-room, and library; and in the centre of this end is
-placed a beautiful chimney-piece of black marble, surrounded by a canopy
-of carved oak, the enrichments of which are in that peculiar style which
-characterises the ornaments of Tudor architecture, containing the single
-and double rose, stars, and other badges of that period. The hall is
-lighted by five stained glass windows of an ecclesiastical character, and
-level with the gallery; and on these windows are blazoned the arms of the
-families with whom the Vernons have intermarried, comprising some of the
-highest of the English and Irish nobility. Of the external architecture
-of this portion of the building some correct notion may be formed from
-our illustration, which exhibits the style of the gables and oriel or
-bay windows which are placed both on its southern and western sides; and
-we may justly apply to the whole of this range the description given by
-Chaucer in his imaginary palace of “pleasaunt regarde:”
-
-    “The chamberis and parlers of a sorte,
-    With bay windows goodlie as may be thought,
-    The galleries right wele y wrought,
-    As for dauncinge and otherwise disporte.”
-
-Branching from the northern and eastern sides of the great tower,
-extensive ranges of building contain the servants’ apartments, and an
-extensive suite of inferior bed-rooms, and the tower itself contains
-a study, and above it a nursery, over which, again, a leaded platform
-with parapets commands most extensive and diversified prospects of the
-surrounding country.
-
-The preceding description will, we fear, convey but an imperfect idea
-of the plan of this interesting structure, nor will our illustration,
-which only gives a representation of its southern front, give more than
-a general idea of the architectural character of a building, the great
-merit of which, next to the beauty and chronological accuracy of its
-details, consists in the number of picturesque points of view which
-it affords, from the irregularity of its plan and the variety of its
-outlines.
-
-We shall only add a few words in respect to its locality.
-
-The Castle of Clontarf is situated in a district rich in pastoral beauty,
-and at the head or northern extremity of the village of the same name,
-which consists of a single but wide street composed of houses of a
-respectable class, and extending from it in a right line to the sea. It
-is surrounded by forest trees of great age and grandeur, through which
-by vistas are obtained views of the bay and the mountain scenery of the
-southern shore.
-
-Upon the whole, we may truly say of this structure that its beauty is
-no less striking than its moderate size and pretension are in happy
-proportion to the rank and means of its owner; nor is it a lesser merit,
-that--unlike too many of the lordly residences in Ireland--the close
-propinquity of its situation to the village of which he is lord, is
-characteristically expressive of the confidence and kindly familiarity
-which should ever exist between the proprietor and the community holding
-under him. Nor is it again a lesser merit, that--unlike most of the
-mansion-houses to which we have alluded--it is not enclosed by churlish
-and prison-like walls of stone, excluding it from the public eye, and
-indicating but too truly the cold and heartless selfishness of their
-owners, which would not allow to the many even the passing enjoyment of a
-glimpse of the grandeur and beauty which they claim as their own.
-
-                                                                       P.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-A WOODEN GLASS GOBLET.--The first night of the “Stratford Jubilee” in
-Dublin, Robert Mahon had to sing the song of the “Mulberry Tree,” the
-music composed by C. Dibdin senior, the words of which begin with
-
-    “Behold, this fair goblet was carved from the tree
-    Which, oh! my sweet Shakespeare, was planted by thee.”
-
-He walked on, and began the song, holding out in his hand a fine
-cut-glass rummer. The other performers, who were also on, looked at
-him and his fair _glass_ goblet “carved from a tree” with wonder. The
-audience took the absurdity, and much mirth and loud hissing followed.
-The play over, Mahon had the folly to insist upon it he was right: “’Tis
-true,” he said, “the property-man did stand at the wing with a wooden
-cup in his hand, which he wanted to thrust into mine; but could I appear
-before the audience with such a rascally vulgar wooden mether?--no; I
-insisted he should that instant go and fetch me an elegant glass rummer,
-and here it is!”--_O’Keefe’s Recollections._
-
-
-
-
-CUTTING OLD FRIENDS.
-
-
-One of the most difficult things a person has to do, who is getting ahead
-of the friends of his earlier and less prosperous years in the race of
-fortune, is to rid himself of these friends--to get quit of persons whose
-want of success in the world renders them no longer fit associates. The
-thing is not easily done, for you have to maintain appearances. You have
-to repel them gradually and gently, and in such a manner as to be able
-to defy them to lay any particular act of rudeness, any positive act
-of repulsion, to your charge. To manage the thing adroitly, therefore,
-requires some genius and a good deal of tact.
-
-The difficulty of accomplishing this great manœuvre in a prosperous
-career, is much increased by the circumstance that as you advance your
-ancient cronies throng the thicker and closer around you. They in fact
-cling and cluster about you like so many bees, and with impertinent looks
-of glee seek to express their satisfaction with your prosperity.
-
-Now, it is a most desirable thing to get quit of these gentry--to have
-them brushed off. But it would be rude to do this with the fly-flap
-and the strong hand. You must get rid of them by more tact and
-management. And after you have got rid of them, that is, driven them
-from personal contact as it were, you have to continue to keep them at
-a proper distance. No easy matter this, for somehow or other the obtuse
-creatures, your poor former acquaintance, will not see, what you see very
-distinctly, that you are now quite a superior sort of person to them, and
-that they are no longer fit to be ranked amongst your friends. This the
-perverse, dull-witted fellows will not see. And, more provoking still,
-no degree of advancement in the world on your part, no acquisition of
-wealth, will induce one of them, whatever you yourself may think to the
-contrary, to contemplate you with a whit more respect than they did when
-you were one of themselves. They insist on considering you merely as
-having been more fortunate than themselves--not a bit better or a bit
-cleverer.
-
-Let us remark here, that the successful in the world are stout deniers of
-the doctrine of chances. They maintain that there is no such a thing as
-luck; while the unsuccessful, again, are firm believers in the doctrine,
-and insist on it that not only is there such a thing as luck, but that
-luck is every thing. The successful man’s vanity prompts him to attribute
-his prosperity solely to his talents and merit--the unsuccessful
-man’s self-love to deny that the want of these qualities has been his
-hindrance. Hence the conflicting opinions of the two on this curious
-subject. Then, where lies the truth? We suspect between.
-
-From a good deal of experience in the science of “cutting” under the
-circumstances alluded to in this paper--we shall not say whether as
-cutters or cuttees--we have flattered ourselves that we could throw out a
-few hints that might be found useful to gentlemen who are getting on in
-the world, and who are desirous of ridding themselves of their earlier
-and poorer friends. Under this supposition we offer the few following
-remarks:--
-
-For some time after you have started on the prosperous career on which
-you have luckily fallen, continue to smile and bow towards your old
-friends as formerly; and when you meet them accidentally (let this
-be, however, as seldom as you possibly can), shake hands with them as
-cordially as ever. You may even venture to remark, accompanying such
-remark with an expression of regret, that they are prodigious strangers
-now. But this is not quite safe ground, and we by no means advise its
-general adoption. Conducting yourself in this way, your old friends will
-never suspect that there is already a change working at your heart--a
-secret operation as yet known only to yourself.
-
-By and bye, throw the least, the very least thing of distance into your
-greeting: let your smile be _apparently_ as cordial as formerly, but let
-there now be a slight expression of the slightest degree possible of
-coolness, of an indefinable something or other in your general manner of
-a repulsive character: take care, however, that it _be_ indefinable--that
-it be of a description that cannot be named.
-
-This new feature in your bearing will probably startle the more shrewd
-and observant of your former friends: but never mind that--it is
-precisely the impression you desire to make. It is even possible that
-some of them may express by _their_ manner towards _you_ a feeling of
-irritation at your new mode of treating them. Meet it by an expression
-of surprise at _their_ conduct, and by increased coolness. There is
-now good ground for a quarrel--not open hostility, of course, but the
-warfare of distant looks and haughty salutations. Improve it to the
-utmost, and wonder what the fellows mean.
-
-Observe that the whole of this nice process of dissolving former
-associations is carried on without one angry or offensive word being
-said on either side--without the slightest approach to an overt act
-of hostility; you, particularly, being as bland as ever. The whole is
-effected by look and manner alone.
-
-To the gentleman who is rising in the world there are few things more
-offensive than the familiarity of old acquaintanceship when presented
-in the shape of notes and letters. Your old friends, still obstinately
-overlooking your advancement in the world, will in all probability
-continue to write to you when they have occasion to do so, in the
-free-and-easy way of former days. They will even sometimes so far forget
-themselves and you as to address you in a jocular strain. This must be
-instantly put down. Do it by brief and grave replies; take no notice of
-their jokes, and never attempt an approach to one in return. This in time
-will cure them: if not, you must have recourse to stronger measures. You
-must either not answer at all, or administer some decided dampers.
-
-Should any of your former friends seek your patronage--a very probable
-case--take an early opportunity, while doing him some trifling service,
-of letting him feel sensibly your relative positions, all the while,
-however, exhibiting towards him the most friendly dispositions. But
-let him ever and anon feel the bit gently--let him feel that he has
-got somebody on his back. Begin as soon as possible to lecture him in
-a gentle way--all for his own good of course. Your character of patron
-gives you a right to do this; and under this guise you can say the most
-cutting things to him without affording him the slightest ground for
-complaint. Under this guise you can address the most insulting language
-to him, and defy him to take it amiss. If he should, however, you can
-without any difficulty prove him to be one of the most ungrateful
-monsters that ever lived. You were doing all you could for him, and
-when you ventured to _advise_ him--having nothing but his own good at
-heart--he chose to take offence at you, and to resent the friendly advice
-you gave him. Such an ungrateful dog!
-
-As few men can stand such treatment as that above alluded to long, we can
-venture to promise you that by a steady course of proceeding in the way
-we have pointed out, you will soon clear your hands of your old friends.
-
-                                                                       C.
-
-
-
-
-THE DIVORCED,[1] A TRANSLATION FROM THE MOLDAVIAN.
-
-“Ah! what a fatal gift from Heaven is a too sensitive heart!”--ROUSSEAU.
-
-
-    What is that yonder shimmering so?
-    Can it be swans? Can it be snow?
-    If it were swans they would move, I trow,
-    If it were snow it had melted ere now.
-    No: it is Ibrahim Aga’s tent--
-    There lies the warrior, wounded and spent.
-    Mother and sisters tend him there
-    Night and morn with busiest care;
-    His wife alone--through shame or grief--
-    Stays away from the suffering Chief.
-
-    Wherefore, as soon as his illness was gone,
-    Wrote he thus to the Sensitive One--
-    “Go thy way from my house and hearth,
-    And bide with the mother that gave thee birth.”
-
-    Sad was Ayoob at the sudden word!
-    It pierced her tender heart like a sword.
-    Hark! the sound of a charger’s tramp--
-    Ibrahim, then, is come from the camp!
-    So she fancies, and, in her despair,
-    Thinks she will scale the turret-stair,
-    And dash herself down from the castle-wall,
-    When, lo! her two little daughters call--
-    “It isn’t our father, mother dear!
-    This is our uncle, Djaffar-al-Meer.”
-
-    Turning around, the weeping mother
-    Flings her arms about her brother--
-    “Oh, brother! that this black day should arrive!
-    Oh, how can I leave these helpless five?”
-
-    But, cold and wordless, as one who has yet
-    To study Compassion, or feel Remorse,
-    The brother draws forth, all shiningly set
-    In silk and gold, the Brief of Divorce,
-    And sternly he states the Law’s command--
-    That again she return to her kindred and land,
-    Free once more to dispose of her hand.
-
-    The mother’s heart felt breaking, for now
-    All hope was buried;--she could not speak--
-    She kissed her two little boys on the brow,
-    And her two little girls she kissed on the cheek,
-    While the babe in the cradle--unconscious child!--
-    Held out its diminutive arms, and smiled!
-
-    The iron Djaffar would wait no more--
-    His barb was pawing the earth at the door:
-    “Up, woman!” he cried--and they galloped away,
-    And reached their home by the close of day.
-
-    But there not long she pined alone,
-    For, barely a week was over and gone
-    When many a suitor came to sue;
-    Kapitans, Beys, and Agas too,
-    Came to see her and staid to woo.
-
-    And Djaffar saw that the richest of all
-    Was the noble Khadi of Nourjahaul.
-
-    Afresh for sorrow were hourly shed
-    The bitter tears of the mourner then:
-    “I pray thee, brother,” she sadly said,
-    “Give me not in marriage agen!
-    My broken heart would cease to beat
-    Should I and the children chance to meet.”
-
-    But Djaffar was ever the Man of Steel--
-    The morrow, he vowed, should see her a wife!
-    “Then, hear me, brother!--thy sister’s life
-    Hangs upon this her last appeal!
-    Write to the Khadi thus, I entreat--
-    ‘Health from Ayoob to her lordly lover!
-    Send, she prays thee, a veil to cover
-    Her sorrowful figure from head to feet,
-    Lest, while passing the Aga’s door,
-    Her children greet her as heretofore.’”
-
-    The letter was sent, and the veil came home;
-    And by noon on the morrow the bride was arrayed;
-    And a gorgeous train and cavalcade
-    Set out for the Khadi’s palace-dome.
-    They journeyed till sunset purpled the sky,
-    And now, alas! her trial is nigh--
-    Her trial is nigh, her bosom is swelling;
-    They come within sight of Ibrahim’s dwelling--
-    They near the gates--ah, well-a-day!
-    Her children cannot mistake their mother--
-    “Mamma! Mamma! ah, don’t go away!”
-    They cry, and their voices drown one another.
-
-    That mother groaned in her wretchedness!
-    “Live long!” she said, “my Lord and Master!
-    Mayest thou ever defy Disaster!
-    May thy shadow never be less!
-    Bid, I implore thee, the cavalcade wait
-    A moment in front of the Aga’s gate,
-    While I go into the house, and leave
-    Some gifts with my little ones, lest they grieve.”
-
-    Silently then, like a ghost from the tombs,
-    She enters once more the remembered rooms,
-    Gives to her sons little gold-laced boots,
-    Gives to her daughters little kapoots,[2]
-    And leaves with the babe in the cradle-bed
-    Some toys and a basket of sugar-bread.
-
-    Now, the desolate father was standing apart,
-    And he marked that she neither spake nor sighed,
-    And Agony wrung his manly heart--
-    “Come, come to me, hither, my children!” he cried,
-    “For I see that your mother’s bosom is grown
-    Colder and harder than marble stone.”
-
-    But, as soon as Ayoob heard Ibrahim speak,
-    And saw her children turning away,
-    She fell on the floor without a shriek,
-    And without a stir on the floor she lay;
-    And the funeral-wailers of Islambol
-    Were chanting ere night the hymn for her soul.[3]
-
-                                                                       M.
-
-[1] The incidents of this narrative are founded on fact.
-
-[2] Cloaks.
-
-[3] The popular notion that the Mohammedans deny immortality to the souls
-of women is altogether a mistake, as will be apparent to any one who
-takes the trouble of looking through the Koran.
-
-
-
-
-OROHOO, THE FAIRY MAN, A REMINISCENCE OF CONNAUGHT.
-
-
-Were we to believe the chronicles of our grandmothers, Ireland at one
-period was held in fee-simple by witches, warlocks, white ladies,
-fairies, and leprahauns; the earth, the air, and the sky, were peopled by
-them; every crumbling and desolate cabin on the sterile moor or common
-was tenanted by a witch; while the margins of our beautiful loughs, the
-bosoms of our silent and sequestered glens, the recesses of our romantic
-mountain valleys, the echoing walls of every mouldering edifice, and the
-mystic circle of each rude hill-fort, were the chosen habitations of
-unearthly beings.
-
-Nor was this belief held by the uneducated alone; many who moved in
-respectable situations in society were infected by it; and otherwise
-sensible and well-informed people on this head were deaf to the voice
-of reason and the dictates of common sense, and would as soon doubt
-the truth of Holy Writ as the existence of supernatural agency; and so
-interwoven was the superstition in the social system, that no event could
-happen poor mortality from the cradle to the grave, in which the _good
-people_ were not implicated for good or evil. Did the head or a member
-of a leading family die, the wail of the banshee was sure to be heard in
-the twilight. Was a favourite child smitten with disease, the beautiful,
-the beloved one was believed to be changed for a squalling, ravenous,
-and decrepid starveling. Did your cattle pine, or was your dairy not
-productive, your cows were either elf-shot or bewitched. Was the wife of
-your bosom snatched away in her bloom, in the most interesting though
-dangerous moment of her existence, the fairies were whispered to be the
-authors of your misfortune--to have spirited her off, and to have left in
-her stead a wooden substitute.
-
-Well do I remember the thrill of fear, mingled with a degree of
-pleasurable awe, with which I listened some forty years since to the
-narratives of a venerable aunt, who was lingering out the evening of her
-existence at my father’s fireside--her only occupation being, rocking
-the cradle and keeping the youngsters from mottling their shins. She
-was an experienced dame, and withal pious, but would as soon doubt her
-own identity as that of witches and fairies, and her memory was well
-stored with instances of their interference. These I then believed most
-implicitly, particularly as in many of them “the family” was concerned.
-She could relate how her grandfather one morning detected a hare in the
-act of milking one of his cows, which he fired at and wounded, and on
-tracking the blood, discovered it to flow from the thigh of an old crone
-who inhabited a neighbouring hovel. She also could tell how an elder
-brother had surprised a leprahaun in the act of making shoes for the
-gentle people--could describe his dress minutely, and how he had escaped
-captivity by making a feint with his awl at my uncle’s eye, and causing
-him to wink when in the very act of seizing him, and thereby marred his
-fortune. She also knew a child which was taken from its mother’s arms at
-night, but luckily was missed before he could be conveyed through the
-key-hole, and on the outcry of the bereaved parent, was dropped “with a
-whack” on the floor uninjured. It never occurred to her that probably
-the child had rolled out of the bed accidentally. There was another tale
-often related by her, which it would be worse than heresy to doubt, as
-she knew the parties intimately.
-
-An honest man named John M’Kinstrey, who resided near Maheraveely,
-in the county Monaghan, was once compelled to leave his warm bed in
-“the witching time of night,” on a certain pressing occasion, and ride
-post-haste for a worthy dame whose assistance was indispensable. While
-returning with the “howdy” safely stowed on an ample pillion behind,
-he heard the strokes of an axe reverberating through a neighbouring
-wood, and voices in conversation. Curiosity prompted him to draw up and
-listen, when he distinctly heard the question asked, “What are you doing
-to-night?” and to his dismay the answer was responded, “I’m making a
-wife for Jack M’Kinstrey.” “Faith,” said Jack, “you’ll make no wife for
-me, my man--I’ll do very well with the one I have;” and giving his good
-beast the spur, regardless of the neck, bones, or outcry of his freight,
-he never drew rein until he had his better half clasped in his arms,
-where he held her in a death’s-grip until the crisis was over, and thus
-baulked the fairies.
-
-Thus was the whole system of society pervaded by the idea of supernatural
-influence; and the consequence was an undefinable dread and fear, hanging
-like the sword of Damocles over the heads of all, and embittering
-existence. ’Tis true the evil was only imaginary, but not on that
-account the less hurtful; for, being a mental malady, it was the more
-difficult to be counteracted or eradicated, and often led to real anxiety
-and distress, as in the care of M’Kinstrey, whose ideas being full of
-witchcraft and fairy freaks, never reflected that the noise and voices
-he had heard might be a practical joke of some of his neighbours, and in
-consequence suffered all the suspense and trouble incident to real danger.
-
-But the diffusion of useful knowledge and the dissemination of sound
-education among all classes, has latterly effected a mighty change in
-the intellectual powers of the people. Such reveries as those referred
-to, though sometimes used to “adorn a tale,” are now unheeded; and there
-are few indeed who would harbour for a moment in sincerity the absurd
-idea of evil agency. There may be, ’tis true, some exceptions--a few old
-women may be still haunted by the sprites of other days, and in some
-remote districts a belief in witchcraft certainly prevails, ingrafted by
-early prejudices, and fostered and kept alive by the practices of knaves,
-who profess to avert the effects by counter-charms, and live, like many
-others, on the credulity of the public; but, generally speaking, the
-thing is defunct--gone to the moles and the bats.
-
-But there is an exception. In several districts in Ireland, in Connaught
-especially, an idea is very prevalent that it is in the power of
-evil-disposed persons to deprive their neighbours of their milk or
-butter. This is said to be done in various ways, the most usual being
-the use of a corpse hand, which is kept shrivelled and dried to stir
-the milk and gather the butter. Another plan is to follow the cows on a
-May morning, and gather the soil which drops from between their cloots.
-Another, by collecting the froth which forms on a stream running through
-their pasture, and milking your own cow on it. Indeed, the means used are
-represented to be so simple, that the very absurdity of the matter is its
-own refutation.
-
-Yet it is believed in, and that firmly; and in order to prove that such
-is the case, and also expose the trickery and legerdemain by which some
-knaves succeed in throwing dust in the eyes of the natives, I will relate
-an occurrence in which I was concerned; and to open the matter fully in
-all its ramifications, windings, and train of circumstantials, I trust I
-will be pardoned if I enter into a rather minute detail, the rather as
-I confess I was for a short time myself almost inclined to credit its
-existence--in short, believed myself the dupe of a fairy man.
-
-Some time since I resided in the neighbourhood of the “plains of Boyle,”
-a celebrated pasture country, and was the possessor of a cow whose milk
-and butter were plentiful in quantity and excellent in quality, and
-materially contributed to the comforts of my family. She was a beautiful
-and a gentle creature; and I flattered myself that in her I possessed the
-foundress of a numerous herd, and the germ of a profitable and extensive
-dairy.
-
-As before observed, the idea was very prevalent there that it was in the
-power of evil-disposed persons to deprive you of your milk and butter,
-and I heard many complaints of the kind; the general voice fastened the
-imputation on a woman who lived in the vicinity, who was locally termed
-“the Hawk,” and certainly the fire of her eye and the sharpness of her
-beak justified the appellation: she was a comely middle-aged person, in
-rather easy circumstances, her husband being a small farmer; but he lay
-under the suspicion of being concerned in a murder some time before. She
-was a reputed witch, and the entire family were disliked and avoided.
-
-One morning in the month of January, I was informed that a woman had come
-into my kitchen, who occupied herself in watching the motions of the
-family, without stating her business. On going down, I found her well
-dressed and well looking, but with a very sinister cast of countenance.
-On asking if she wanted me, she said she had heard I was in want of
-some geese, and that she had a few to dispose of. “How many?” said I.
-“A goose and a gander,” she replied. “How much do you want for them?”
-“Seven-and-sixpence.” “Seven-and-sixpence!” I exclaimed in surprise, as
-the usual price then was from one shilling to one-and-sixpence each.
-“Why, how many have you?” as I really thought I had made a mistake in the
-number. “A goose and a gander,” said she. “And do you suppose me to be a
-goose to give such a price as that?” said I. “Oh!” said she, “they are
-good geese, and only I wish to serve you, I would not offer them at all.”
-“Indeed! I am much obliged by your good wishes,” said I; “but as I think
-you want to impose upon me, you must take your geese to another market,
-for I will not have them at any price, and the sooner you take yourself
-off the better.” She got highly offended, muttered something about my
-being sorry for refusing them, and went away in high dudgeon; and after
-she was gone, I found it was “the Hawk” who had favoured me with the
-visit.
-
-On the same morning, a gang of strollers, consisting of tinkers,
-chimney-sweeps, a brace or two of beggars, and a piper, had pitched their
-tent on the road side, a short distance from my residence; the members
-of the party had distributed themselves over the surrounding district in
-pursuit of their various avocations; it also happened to be churning-day,
-and my wife having set her vessels in order, was proceeding with her
-lacteal operations favourably--the milk had cracked, the butter was
-expected--when the sound of music was heard; the piper attached to the
-party had come to give us a specimen of his skill; he favoured us with a
-few Connaught planxties, was duly rewarded, and departed. Shortly after
-he was gone, two buxom baggages, brown and bare-legged, with cans in
-their hands, kerchiefs on their heads, and huge massive rings on their
-fingers, came and demanded an alms. They were told there was nothing
-then ready, on which one of them asked a drink. “I have nothing to
-offer you but water,” said my wife, “until the churning’s done.” “Well,
-water itself,” said she; on getting which, she took a sup or two, put
-the remainder in her can, and went off; and, strange as it may seem, my
-butter went too. And from that day in January until May eve following,
-not a morsel had we from our beautiful Brownie.
-
-As I did not put any faith in witchcraft, I was willing to attribute
-this to some natural cause affecting the cow, though the milk showed no
-perceptible change in either quantity or quality; neither did she exhibit
-any symptoms of ailment or disorder, except that she began to cast her
-hair. She was well supplied with good fodder, comfortably lodged, and
-well attended, and every possible care taken of the milk, but all to no
-purpose; the butter was not forthcoming; and for my incredulity I was
-laughed at by my neighbours. “Your cow is bewitched,” cried they; “and
-you may as well throw chaff against the wind, as think you will get your
-butter back, till you get the charm.” Some said “the Hawk” had it, some
-that the gipsy took it away in her can, and others that it followed the
-piper. Be that as it may, I had to eat my bread butterless, and brood
-over my loss, without even the comfort of common condolence.
-
-Various were the counter-charms recommended for my adoption. “Send for
-Fraser the Scotchman from beyond the Lough,” said one; “he fears neither
-man nor fiend, and he will surely get it.” “Send for ‘the Hawk,’ and clip
-a bit off her ear,” said another. “Let them keep their mouths full of
-water, and never speak while they are churning,” said a third. In short,
-I found there were as many ways of getting it back, as there were of
-losing it--all equally simple, and probably as efficacious.
-
-Thus matters continued until the early part of the month of April, when
-one morning a man called, who desired to see me. I found him a light,
-active, cute-looking fellow, low in stature and spare in habit, but
-sinewy, well set and well knit, and regularly smoke-dried. He was pretty
-well clad in frieze, cord breeches, and yarn stockings and pumps; his
-caubeen on one side, a cutty in his mouth, and a certain jauntiness in
-his air, and crafty audacity in his look, which seemed to say, “I’d have
-you to know I’m a clever fellow.”
-
-“So,” said he at once without preamble, “so you’ve lost your butter.”
-
-“Yes,” said I, “’tis certainly gone.”
-
-“Well, if you like, I’ll get it for you. My name is OROHOO (O’Hara); I
-live at Sliev Bawn--the people call me the Fairy man--I can find things
-that’s stole--and I keep the _garvally_.”
-
-“Indeed!” said I: “why, you must be a clever fellow: but can you get my
-butter?”
-
-“Not a doubt of it,” said he, “if it is in the country.”
-
-I had heard of the garvally before, which was described as “a crooked
-thing like the handle of an umbrella, covered with green baize.” It was
-formerly in much repute for swearing on; “and a terrible thing it was,
-for if you swore falsely and it round your neck, your mouth would turn
-to the back of your head, or you’d get such a throttling as you’d never
-get the better of.” It had latterly, however, lost much of its virtue, or
-rather of its fame, by an unbelieving vagabond yoking it on and swearing
-to a manifest falsehood, without suffering any visible inconvenience. But
-to return to Orohoo.
-
-He made no stipulation; but requiring a deep plate, some water and salt,
-with a little of the cow’s milk, he commenced by desiring my wife and me
-to stand forward. He then asked our names, if I was the owner of the cow,
-how long I had had her, if that woman was my wife, when we had lost our
-butter, and if we suspected any person for taking it. To these queries I
-answered as was necessary; but to the last I replied, I did not believe
-in witchcraft.
-
-“Don’t you believe in fairies?” he asked.
-
-“Scarcely,” said I.
-
-“No matter,” said he; “maybe before I’m done you will believe in them.”
-
-He then in a very solemn manner poured some water into the plate at three
-several times, thus--“In the name of the Father,” a drop; “in the name
-of the Son,” ditto; “in the name of the Holy Ghost,” ditto. He added the
-milk in the same manner, and then sprinkled in the salt, using the same
-formula. He now stirred round the mixture three times with his finger,
-repeating the words as before, and desired us to do the same. To this
-I demurred, for I did not wish to evince any faith in the proceeding,
-by taking an active part; but he combated my scruples by asking “was
-it not done in a good name?” Certainly for so far I saw nothing very
-objectionable, and my wife feeling no scruple on the subject, at their
-joint persuasion I did as directed.
-
-He next made the sign of the cross over the plate with his hands, and,
-waving them over his head, cut several curious figures in the air, at
-the same time muttering an unintelligible jargon I could not understand,
-but which, as I could catch a sound or syllable, bore a close affinity
-to what is called bog Latin. Gradually he became much excited; he raved
-like a demon, stamped with his feet, and threatened with his fists: now
-his tones were those of supplication or entreaty, anon of abjuration or
-command; while his eye seemed fixed upon and to follow the motions of
-some to us invisible being, with which he appeared to hold converse.
-Suddenly he gave an unearthly scream, as if in an agony of terror and
-perturbation, and, holding up his hands as in the act of warding off a
-threatened danger, he retreated backwards round the room, pursued, as
-it seemed, by an implacable enemy. Gradually he regained the spot he
-had left, turned himself to the four cardinal points, making the sign
-of the cross at each turn, dipped his fingers in the mixture, devoutly
-blessed himself, anointing his forehead, shoulders, and breast, regained
-his self-possession, raised his hands and eyes in an attitude of fervent
-thankfulness to heaven, wiped the perspiration which profusely streamed
-from his brow with the cuff of his coat, gradually recovered his breath,
-and from a state of the greatest possible excitement became calm and
-collected.
-
-Now, this was all acting, to be sure, but it was inimitably done, and
-I confess, even armed as I was with unbelief, it made a very powerful
-impression on me. I acknowledge I did not feel at all comfortable. I did
-not like the idea of being in the same room with the evil one, who to all
-appearance was chasing my friend the conjuror round and round it. I felt
-an indescribable sensation of dread creeping over me, and, if I mistake
-not, there were a few drops of perspiration on my brow; and my hair, of
-which I have not a superabundance, to my apprehension began to get stiff
-and wiry. My wife, too, clung closely to my side for protection, and the
-agitation of her mind was evident by the audible action of her heart,
-which in that case beat only responsive to my own.
-
-Having taken breath, he asked for a ribbon, which he passed over his
-forehead and round his head, and, bringing the ends in front, knotted it
-over his nose; then twining it round his fingers in the manner children
-call a cat’s cradle, he knelt down and peered through it attentively into
-the mixture, which I imagined at the moment fermented and sent up a blue
-vapour. After gazing a few seconds in this manner,
-
-“Aha!” said he, “she is not far off that has your butter; bring me a
-lighted candle,” which on being brought he placed in the plate. “Now,”
-said he, “both of you kneel down; do as I do, and say as I say, and
-we’ll have her here directly.”
-
-“No,” said I decidedly, “we will not.”
-
-I thought we had gone far enough, and was convinced that if what we
-were engaged in was not an unholy act, it was at least a piece of gross
-deception, and I would not countenance it by any further participation.
-
-“Why,” exclaimed he, “don’t you want to get your butter?”
-
-“Yes,” said I, “I would like to have my butter, but I don’t choose to
-resort to a charm to obtain it.”
-
-“No doubt this is a charm,” said he, “but it is done in a good name; and
-I have done it before for as good as ever you were.”
-
-“So much the worse,” I replied; “that holy name should never be profaned
-in such a manner, and I am sorry any person would be so wicked or so
-foolish as to encourage you in your tricks. I neither like you nor your
-proceedings, and the sooner you go about your business the better.”
-
-He started to his feet in a passion, blew out the candle, seized the
-plate, and attempted to throw the contents into the fireplace; but my
-wife, who did not wish her hearth to be wet, took it from him and laid it
-past. He fumed and stormed, said I let him take a great deal of trouble
-on my account, and insisted on proceeding; but I was determined, and,
-being considerably chafed and annoyed by the transaction, I again ordered
-him off, and left him.
-
-In a few moments I heard the noise of a violent altercation and scuffle,
-and I was loudly called on. I hastened to the scene of contention, and
-found my wife holding Orohoo by the neck, and preventing his departure.
-“What’s all this?” I exclaimed. “This fellow,” said she, “when he was
-going, took a live coal out of the grate, and told me to take care of my
-children.” This he stiffly denied, until confronted by the servant, and I
-threatened to give him up to the police as an impostor, when he quailed,
-and acknowledged that he had said so, but that he meant no harm by it.
-“And sure,” said he, “there’s no harm in bidding you mind them; for if
-your cow was hurt, so may your children. You’re not treating me well,”
-he continued; “I came at the bidding of a friend to do you a good turn,
-and asked nothing for it, and now you’re putting me out; you’ll be glad
-to see me yet, though. But take my advice: never throw out your Sunday’s
-ashes until Tuesday morning, and always sweep your floor in from the door
-to the hearth.” And away he went.
-
-My heart now beat easy, for I thought we had fairly got rid of the
-fairy man; but I was to be still further mystified and bewildered. On
-examining the plate over which he had performed his incantations, we
-found the contents to be thick, yellow, and slimy, with a red sediment
-like globules of blood at the bottom. This seemed extraordinary, as I
-certainly watched him closely, and did not see him put any thing into the
-plate but milk, water, and salt.
-
-The month now drew near a close, and our bread was still butterless. This
-often caused the morsel to stick in the throat of my poor dear partner,
-who felt none of the scruples of conscience with which I was affected,
-and firmly believed, her cow was bewitched. “Here we are day after day
-losing, our substance, and might have it only for your squeamishness in
-not letting the fairy man finish his job.” Thus she would argue, and
-hesitated not to call me a fool, nay, a downright ass; and indeed my
-neighbours were much of the same opinion: one of them, a respectable
-farmer’s wife, was particularly pertinacious. “My Robin,” said she one
-evening, as they were harping on the old string, “my Robin was down
-in Sligo, and he heard that if you got the coulter of a plough, and
-made it red-hot in the fire, while you were churning the butter would
-come back; or if you chose to churn on Sunday morning before the lark
-sings, you will surely get it.” “Tempt me no more with your spells or
-Sabbath-breaking; I will have none of them,” said I, impatiently; “I will
-never barter my peace of mind for a pound of butter, if I should never
-eat a morsel.”
-
-But, in truth, my peace of mind was gone, for the continual urging and
-yammering I was subjected to made me heartily sick, and I inwardly
-resolved to sell the cow the first opportunity, and so end the matter.
-
-On May eve, in the afternoon, I had occasion to leave home for a short
-time, and on my return was rather surprised to find all the windows
-closed and the door locked against me. I knocked and called for
-admittance, but received no answer; and hearing the noise of churning
-going on within, “fast and furious,” the truth flashed across my mind;
-and lamenting my wife’s credulity, I retired to the garden to await
-the result. In a short time she came running out like one demented,
-clapping her hands and screaming, “Oh! we’ve got the butter, we’ve got
-the butter!” and on going in I found a coulter phizzing and sparkling at
-a white heat in the fire, an ass’s shoe (which had been found a few days
-previously) under the churn, my worthy neighbour aforesaid standing over
-it, panting and blowing from the exertions she had made on my behoof,
-and wiping the dew-drops from her really comely countenance, and in the
-churn, floating like lumps of gold in a sea of silver, as fine a churning
-of butter as ever we were blessed with.
-
-Well, I own I was staggered, and being triumphantly asked, “Now, is there
-no witchcraft or virtue in a red-hot coulter?” I could scarcely muster up
-courage to utter “No.” In vain I protested the butter came back because
-“Brownie” got back to her pasture, in consequence of the change in her
-feeding, from dry fodder to the mellow and genial produce of spring, as
-the loss at first was owing to the transition from grass to hay. ’Twas
-to no purpose to argue thus: all else were positive it was otherwise;
-but whether the virtue was in Orohoo’s incantations, the efficacy of
-the red-hot coulter, the influence of the ass’s shoe, or the tremendous
-pommelling the milk was subjected to on the occasion, no one could
-exactly say.
-
-A few days after, I conversed on the subject with an intelligent person,
-a herd in charge of an extensive stock farm. After hearing my story to
-an end, he indulged in a hearty laugh at my expense. “Faith,” said he,
-“I took you for a sensible man, and did not suppose you would credit
-such folly.” “I’d as soon believe my mother was a bishop,” said I, “as
-put any faith in it some time ago. But how can I get over the chain of
-circumstantial evidence?--not a link of it wanting. First, ‘the Hawk’
-coming with her seven-and-sixpenny geese, then the gipsies and the piper,
-and losing my butter just then.” “’Tis very easy,” said he, “to account
-for it. In the first place, you took your cow from grass and fed her on
-hay.” “Yes, but she had plenty of winter cabbage, and we gave her boiled
-potatoes.” “Just the thing; cabbage is good for plenty of milk, but not
-for butter. I’ll engage you gave her the potatoes warm.” “Yes.” “And she
-got a scour?” “Indeed she did, and her hair fell off.” “So I thought. And
-afterwards she got in good condition?” “Yes.” “Oh! ay, she put her butter
-on her ribs. Did you kill a pig at Christmas?” “I did.” “Where did you
-put your bacon in press?” “Why, under the shelf in the dairy.” “Now the
-murder is out! Never as long as you live put meat, either fresh or salt,
-near your milk-vessels; if you do, you will surely spoil your milk and
-lose your butter.” “This may account for my loss, but what have you to
-say to its coming back?” “Why, what’s to hinder it, when your bacon is
-in the chimney and your cow at grass?” “But the red blobs in the plate,
-and Orohoo fighting the devil for me, what do you say to that?” Here he
-gave way to such a violent fit of laughter that I really thought he would
-burst the waistband of his doe-skins. “Orohoo! ha! ha!--Orohoo! ha! ha!
-ha!--the greatest villain that ever breathed. He came to me one time that
-I had a cow sick, and said she was fairy-smitten, and that he would cure
-her. He began with his tricks with the milk and water, just the same
-as he did with you; but I watched him closer; and when I saw the smoke
-rising out of the plate, I got him by the neck, shook a little bottle
-of vitriol out of the cuff of his coat, and took a paper of red earthy
-powder out of his waistcoat pocket.” I looked aghast and confounded. Was
-I, then, the dupe of the fairy man? The thought was humiliating, and
-I even wished that I had remained in ignorance, but on reflection had
-reason to congratulate myself that it was only a temporary lapse, and
-that I was right in my original opinion, that, except the witchery of a
-pair of blue languishers, or the fairy spell of a silver-tongued syren,
-there is now no evil of the kind to be apprehended.
-
-                                                                       A.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-FASHION IS A POOR VOCATION.--Its creed, that idleness is a privilege, and
-work a disgrace, is among the deadliest errors. Without depth of thought,
-or earnestness of feeling, or strength of purpose, living an unreal
-life, sacrificing substance to show, substituting the fictitious for
-the natural, mistaking a crowd for society, finding its chief pleasure
-in ridicule, and exhausting its ingenuity in expedients for killing
-time, fashion is among the last influences under which a human being who
-respects himself, or who comprehends the great end of life, would desire
-to be placed.
-
-
-
-
-THE MAGNETIC POLES.
-
-
-The unwearied spirit of scientific research which so peculiarly marks the
-times in which we live, has ascertained the positions of the northern and
-southern magnetic poles to a degree of almost mathematical precision.
-This discovery will be hailed with pleasure by every person at all
-acquainted with the benefits derived to society by the labours of those
-gifted individuals who have devoted their thoughts more particularly
-to the study of this most abstruse and mysterious branch of physical
-knowledge. The position of the northern magnetic pole was determined by
-Sir John Ross, in his second northern expedition, fitted out at the sole
-expense of a British merchant, to be in 70 degrees 5 minutes 17 seconds
-north latitude, and 96 degrees 46 minutes 45 seconds west longitude,
-near the western coast of the newly discovered tract named, after the
-individual through whose munificence the boundaries of science have been
-thus enlarged, Boothia Felix. Its place is now marked on the globes and
-maps of the world published since the navigator’s announcement of the
-solution of this long-sought-for problem. The day of the discovery was
-the 1st of June 1831.
-
-The position of the southern magnetic pole has not yet been ascertained
-to so great a degree of precision. Excited by a noble spirit of emulation
-caused by the success of the expedition fitted out by Mr Booth and led
-by Sir John Ross, three expeditions have been fitted out to complete the
-solution of the problem--to fix the position of the southern magnetic
-pole, as that of the northern had been already fixed. The parties in
-this noble rivalry are Great Britain, France, and the United States.
-The British magnetic expedition, under Captain James Ross, sailed on
-the 5th of May for Van Diemen’s Land. The only notices as yet received
-of its progress are, that soundings were obtained at the depth of 3600
-fathoms in the South Atlantic, about 900 miles S.S.W. of St Helena; and
-again at the depth of 2680 fathoms, at 450 miles west of the Cape of
-Good Hope. A dispatch from Captain Dumont d’Urville, commandant of the
-French expedition, to the Minister of the Marine, details all the leading
-particulars of his voyage, by which it appears that he has nearly though
-not altogether succeeded in solving this part of the problem. On the 1st
-of January the expedition sailed from Hobart Town in a southern direction
-for 1350 miles, and in the latitude of 60 degrees south met with the
-first island of ice, and shortly afterwards discovered land ranging
-nearly along the south polar circle, and, as far as the navigator’s
-observations went, between 136 degrees and 142 degrees east longitude.
-The appearance was that of an ice-bound, barren coast, wholly unfit for
-the habitation of man. The snow and ice which covered it gave its surface
-an almost level appearance. Farther inward nothing was to be perceived
-but ravines, inlets, and projections, without a trace of vegetation.
-Whales, large porpoises, fur-seals, albatrosses, and petrels and penguins
-of different species, were seen near the shore. The commander gave this
-newly discovered coast the name of Terre Adelie. “This name,” he says in
-his dispatch, “was intended to perpetuate the remembrance of my profound
-gratitude for the devoted companion who has three times consented to
-a long and painful separation, to enable me to achieve my projects of
-foreign exploration.” On the 1st of February, in 65 degrees 20 minutes
-south latitude, and 131 degrees east longitude, the expedition crossed
-the meridian of no variation; and the magnetic observations afforded
-the means of determining that the position of the magnetic pole must be
-in the neighbouring land of Adelie itself, or on the compact ice which
-adjoined it. Having so far succeeded in attaining the main object of his
-mission, Captain Dumont bade a final adieu to these dreary regions, and
-steered for Hobart Town, where he arrived on the 17th of February, after
-an absence of forty-six days, having lost sight of the ice altogether in
-the parallel of 57 degrees south latitude.
-
-The American expedition, under Captain Wilkes, has been equally
-successful in discovering the south polar island or continent, for
-its geographical character has not yet been ascertained. The land was
-first seen in 64 degrees 50 minutes south latitude, and 154 degrees 18
-minutes east longitude, by a singular coincidence precisely on the same
-day, 19th January, that it had been observed by the French navigator;
-and Wilkes was enabled to run along the shore, for about 1700 miles, as
-far as 97 degrees 45 minutes east longitude, so near the land as often
-to find soundings with a few fathoms of line, and to be able to carry
-away several valuable geological specimens of the rocks and soil. His
-description of the appearance of the coast corresponds with that already
-given.
-
-Whether any immediate beneficial results, practically applicable to
-the improvement of commerce and colonization, will accrue from these
-discoveries, may be doubtful, but the experience of the era in which we
-live forbids us to reject the prospect of ultimate benefits to society
-from any discovery tending to enlarge the bounds of science, though
-the means by which they are to be sought for are still out of sight.
-The discovery of the extensive line of coast ranging nearly along the
-south polar circle, serves in some degree to realize the conjectures
-of former geographers, who, observing that by much the greater mass
-of known land was in the northern hemisphere, laid down the position
-that there must lie a countervailing quantity of land somewhere in the
-southern hemisphere; so fully convinced were they of the existence of
-this fancied continent, that in the maps constructed by Herman Moll and
-other scientific artists of his time, the coast is laid down in a line
-nearly corresponding in latitude with that of Terre Adelie, and continued
-round the globe, so as to represent the whole of the south frigid zone
-as a continent, on which they inscribe the name of Terra Australia
-Incognita--the unknown southern region. With those who originated the
-supposition, this unknown region was a mere creature of the imagination.
-They were in possession of no facts to prove its reality; yet it is
-singular that in this, as well as in many other fictions, the ideal
-creature of the fancy has been discovered to have some foundation in the
-realities of existence.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-PAYING DOWN UPON THE NAIL.--The origin of this phrase is thus stated in
-the Recollections of O’Keefe the dramatist:--“During the Limerick assizes
-I saw a stuffed glove, about four feet long, hanging out from the top
-of the Exchange, nearly across the main street; this was the accustomed
-token that for a week or a fortnight, whilst the courts were sitting, no
-debtor could be arrested. Debtor or creditor, this was a good thing for
-the theatres, as during that time the city was thronged. An ample piazza
-under the Exchange was a thoroughfare: in the centre stood a pillar about
-four feet high, and upon it a circular plate of copper about three feet
-in diameter; this was called _the nail_, and on it was paid the earnest
-for any commercial bargains made, which was the origin of the saying,
-‘Paid down upon the nail.’” Perhaps, however, the custom was common to
-other ancient towns.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-GENERAL USE OF TEA IN CHINA.--In China an ardent spirit is made from
-rice, and called sam-shu, of which punch is made in a coffee-pot, and it
-is drunk out of China cups; but the natives are not much addicted to its
-use, a simple infusion of tea being the general beverage of all classes.
-At all hours of the day the artisan, as he sits at work, has his little
-tea-pot and miniature cup beside him, out of which he quaffs a little
-at pleasure, or presents a cup to his visitor. The more refined class
-make the infusion in cups, in the manner already described. After this
-process, as nothing is allowed to go to waste in China, the tea-leaves
-are collected, dried, and rolled up again, and sold to the English and
-Americans, under the denomination of hyson mun-dun-go; that is, tea
-having neither taste nor smell. None of this tea is sold in England under
-its proper name, being for the most part mixed with other kinds, and thus
-brought into the market. I never saw green tea used in the houses of the
-natives, or of the Fanqui merchants, where of course the best kinds were
-to be had. The fact is, the consumption of green tea is for the most
-part confined to the lower orders and the opium smokers, who require
-its stimulating effects to settle the disturbed state of their nervous
-system; and with us it is found to correct the effects of an over-dose of
-opium--_Dr Fulton’s Travelling Sketches._
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-PROGRESSION.--He that is good may hope to become better--he that is bad
-may fear that he will become worse; for vice, virtue, and time, never
-stand still.--_Colton._
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-“A great lie,” says the poet Crabbe, “is like a great fish on dry land;
-it may fret and fling, and make a frightful bother, but it cannot hurt
-you. You have only to keep still, and it will die of itself.”
-
-    Printed and Published every Saturday by GUNN and CAMERON, at
-    the Office of the General Advertiser, No. 6, Church Lane,
-    College Green, Dublin.--Agents:--R. GROOMBRIDGE, Panyer Alley,
-    Paternoster Row, London; SIMMS and DINHAM, Exchange Street,
-    Manchester; C. DAVIES, North John Street, Liverpool; J.
-    DRAKE, Birmingham; M. BINGHAM, Broad Street, Bristol; FRASER
-    and CRAWFORD, George Street, Edinburgh; and DAVID ROBERTSON,
-    Trongate, Glasgow.
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No.
-11, September 12, 1840, by Various
-
-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, SEPTEMBER 12, 1840 ***
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