initial commit of ebook 5409HEADmain

2 files changed, 1582 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/old/mcg1w10.txt b/old/mcg1w10.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e78959c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/mcg1w10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1582 @@
+The Project Gutenberg Ebook Memoirs of Count Grammont, v1, by Hamilton
+#1 in our series by Anthony Hamilton, Edited by Sir Walter Scott
+
+Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the
+copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing
+this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook.
+
+This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project
+Gutenberg file.  Please do not remove it.  Do not change or edit the
+header without written permission.
+                    
+Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the
+eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file.  Included is
+important information about your specific rights and restrictions in
+how the file may be used.  You can also find out about how to make a
+donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved.
+
+
+**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts**
+
+**EBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971**
+
+*****These EBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers*****
+
+
+Title: The Memoirs of Count Grammont, Volume 1.
+
+Author: Anthony Hamilton (Edited by Sir Walter Scott)
+
+Release Date: April, 2004  [EBook #5409]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on July 12, 2002]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+
+
+
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT, V1, BY HAMILTON ***
+
+
+
+This eBook was produced by David Widger <widger@cecomet.net>
+
+
+
+[NOTE: There is a short list of bookmarks, or pointers, at the end of the
+file for those who may wish to sample the author's ideas before making an
+entire meal of them.  D.W.]
+
+
+
+
+
+                  MEMOIRS OF COUNT GRAMMONT, VOLUME 1.
+
+                          By Anthony Hamilton
+
+                EDITED, WITH NOTES, BY SIR WALTER SCOTT
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF ANTHONY HAMILTON
+
+CHAPTER FIRST.
+     INTRODUCTION
+
+CHAPTER SECOND.
+     ARRIVAL OF THE CHEVALIER GRAMMONT AT THE SIEGE OF TRINO,
+     AND THE LIFE HE LED THERE
+
+CHAPTER THIRD.
+     EDUCATION AND ADVENTURES OF THE CHEVALIER GRAMMONT BEFORE
+     HIS COMING TO THE SIEGE OF TRINO
+
+CHAPTER FOURTH.
+     HIS ARRIVAL AT THE COURT OF TURIN, AND HOW HE SPENT HIS TIME THERE
+
+CHAPTER FIFTH.
+     HE RETURNS TO THE COURT OF FRANCE--HIS ADVENTURES AT THE SIEGE OF
+     ARRAS--HIS REPLY TO CARDINAL MAZARIN--HE IS BANISHED THE COURT
+
+CHAPTER SIXTH.
+     HIS ARRIVAL AT THE ENGLISH COURT--THE VARIOUS PERSONAGES OF
+     THIS COURT
+
+CHAPTER SEVENTH.
+     HE FALLS IN LOVE WITH MISS HAMILTON--VARIOUS ADVENTURES AT THE BALL
+     IN THE QUEEN'S DRAWING-ROOM--CURIOUS VOYAGE OF HIS VALET-DE-CHAMBRE
+     TO AND FROM PARIS
+
+CHAPTER EIGHTH.
+     FUNNY ADVENTURE OF THE CHAPLAIN POUSSATIN--THE STORY OF THE SIEGE OF
+     LERIDA--MARRIAGE OF THE DUKE OF YORK, AND OTHER DETAILS ABOUT THE
+     ENGLISH COURT
+
+CHAPTER NINTH.
+     VARIOUS LOVE INTRIGUES AT THE ENGLISH COURT
+
+CHAPTER TENTH.
+     OTHER LOVE INTRIGUES AT THE ENGLISH COURT
+
+CHAPTER ELEVENTH.
+     RETURN OF THE CHEVALIER GRAMMONT TO FRANCE--HE IS SENT BACK TO
+     ENGLAND--VARIOUS LOVE INTRIGUES AT THIS COURT, AND MARRIAGE OF MOST
+     OF THE HEROES OF THESE MEMOIRS
+
+
+
+
+                          BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
+                                   OF
+                           ANTHONY HAMILTON.
+
+
+Anthony Hamilton, the celebrated author of the Grammont Memoirs, much
+cannot now be with certainty known.
+
+     [For uniformity's sake the writer of this sketch has followed the
+     Memoirs in the spelling of this name; but he thinks it necessary to
+     observe that it should be Gramont, not Grammont.]
+
+The accounts prefixed to the different editions of his works, down to the
+year 1805, are very imperfect; in that year a new, and, in general, far
+better edition than any of the preceding ones, was published in Paris,
+to which a sketch of his life was also added; but it contains rather just
+criticisms on his works, than any very novel or satisfactory anecdote
+concerning himself.  It is not pretended here to gratify literary
+curiosity as fully as it ought to be, with regard to this singular and
+very ingenious man; some effort, however, may be made to communicate a
+few more particulars relative to him, than the public has hitherto,
+perhaps, been acquainted with.
+
+Anthony Hamilton was of the noble family of that name: Sir George
+Hamilton, his father, was a younger son of James, Earl of Abercorn, a
+native of Scotland.  His mother was daughter of Lord Thurles, and sister
+to James, the first Duke of Ormond; his family and connections therefore,
+on the maternal side, were entirely Irish.  He was, as well as his
+brothers and sisters, born in Ireland, it is generally said, about the
+year 1646; but there is some reason to imagine that it was three or four
+years earlier.  The place of his birth, according to the best family
+accounts, was Roscrea, in the county of Tipperary, the usual residence of
+his father when not engaged by military or public business.
+
+     [In September, 1646, Owen O'Neale took Roscrea, and, as Carte says,
+     "put man, woman, and child to the sword, except Sir George
+     Hamilton's lady, sister to the Marquis of Ormond, and some few
+     gentlewomen whom he kept prisoners."  No family suffered more in
+     those disastrous times than the house of Ormond.  Lady Hamilton died
+     in August, 1680, as appears from an interesting and affecting letter
+     of her brother, the Duke of Ormond, dated Carrick, August 25th.  He
+     had lost his noble son, Lord Ossory, not three weeks before.]
+
+It has been always said, that the family migrated to France when Anthony
+was an infant; but this is not the fact: "Sir George Hamilton," says
+Carte, "would have accompanied his brother-in-law, the Marquis of Ormond,
+to France, in December, 1650: but, as he was receiver-general in Ireland,
+he stayed to pass his accounts, which he did to the satisfaction of all
+parties, notwithstanding much clamour had been raised against him."  When
+that business was settled, he, in the spring of 1651, took Lady Hamilton
+and all his family to France, and resided with Lord and Lady Ormond, near
+Caen, in Normandy,
+
+     [Hence possibly Voltaire's mistake in stating that Hamilton was born
+     at Caen, in his Catalogue des Ecrivains du Siecle de Louis XIV.]
+
+in great poverty and distress, till the Marchioness of Ormond, a lady
+whose mind was as exalted as her birth, went over to England, and, after
+much solicitation obtained two thousand pounds a-year from her own and,
+her husband's different estates in Ireland.  This favour was granted her
+by Cromwell, who always professed the greatest respect for her.  The
+Marchioness resided in Ireland, with the younger part of her family, from
+1655 till after the Restoration; while the Marquis of Ormond continued
+for a considerable part of that period with his two sisters, Lady
+Clancarty and Lady Hamilton, at the Feuillatines, in the Faubourg St.
+Jacques, in Paris.
+
+It appears from a letter of the Marquis to Sir Robert Southwell, that,
+although he himself was educated in the Protestant religion, not only his
+father and mother, but all his brothers and sisters, were bred, and
+always continued, Roman Catholics.  Sir George Hamilton also, according
+to Carte,
+
+     [That historian states that the king (Charles I.) deprived several
+     papists of their military commissions, and, among others, Sir George
+     Hamilton, who, notwithstanding, served him with loyalty and
+     unvarying fidelity.]
+
+was a Roman Catholic; Anthony, therefore, was bred in the religion of his
+family, and conscientiously adhered to it through life.  He entered early
+into the army of Louis XIV., as did his brothers George, Richard, and
+John, the former of whom introduced the company of English gens d'armes
+into France, in 1667, according to Le Pere Daniel, author of the History
+of the French Army, who adds the following short account of its
+establishment: Charles II., being restored to his throne, brought over to
+England several catholic officers and soldiers, who had served abroad
+with him and his brother, the Duke of York, and incorporated them with
+his guards; but the parliament having obliged him to dismiss all officers
+who were Catholics, the king permitted George Hamilton to take such as
+were willing to accompany him to France, where Louis XIV. formed them
+into a company of gens d'armes, and being highly pleased with them,
+became himself their captain, and made George Hamilton their captain-
+lieutenant:--[They were composed of English, Scotch, and Irish.]  Whether
+Anthony belonged to this corps I know not; but this is certain, that he
+distinguished himself particularly in his profession, and was advanced to
+considerable posts in the French service.
+
+Anthony Hamilton's residence was now almost constantly in France.  Some
+years previous to this he had been much in England, and, towards the
+close of Charles II.'s reign, in Ireland, where so many of his
+connections remained.  When James II. succeeded to the throne, the door
+being then opened to the Roman Catholics, he entered into the Irish army,
+where we find him, in 1686, a lieutenant-colonel in Sir Thomas Newcomen's
+regiment.  That he did not immediately hold a higher rank there, may
+perhaps be attributed to the recent accession of the king, his general
+absence from Ireland, the advanced age of his uncle, the Duke of Ormond,
+and, more than all, perhaps, to his Grace's early disapprobation of
+James's conduct in Ireland, which displayed itself more fully afterwards,
+especially in the ecclesiastical promotions.
+
+Henry, Earl of Clarendon, son to the lord-chancellor, was at that time
+lord-lieutenant of Ireland, and appears, notwithstanding his general
+distrust and dislike of the Catholics, to have held Anthony Hamilton in
+much estimation: he speaks of his knowledge of, and constant attention
+to, the duties of his profession; his probity, and the dependance that
+was to be placed on him, in preference to others of the same religious
+persuasion, and, in October, 1686, wrote to the Earl of Sunderland
+respecting him, as follows: "I have only this one thing more to trouble
+your lordship with at present, concerning Colonel Anthony Hamilton, to
+get him a commission to command as colonel, though he is but lieutenant-
+colonel to Sir Thomas Newcomen, in regard of the commands he has had
+abroad: and I am told it is often done in France, which makes me hope it
+will not be counted an unreasonable request.  I would likewise humbly
+recommend to make Colonel Anthony Hamilton a privy-councillor here."
+Lord Clarendon's recommendations were ultimately successful: Hamilton was
+made a privy-councillor in Ireland, and had a pension of L200 a year on
+the Irish establishment; and was appointed governor of Limerick, in the
+room of Sir William King, notwithstanding he had strongly opposed the
+new-modelling of the army by the furious Tyrconnel.  In the brief
+accounts which have been given of his life, it is said that he had a
+regiment of infantry; but, though this is very probable, there is no
+mention whatever of his commanding a regiment in the lists published of
+King James's army, which are supposed to be very accurate: he is indeed
+set down among the general officers.  Lord Clarendon, in one of his
+letters to the lord-treasurer, states, "That the news of the day was,
+that Colonel Russell was to be lieutenant-colonel to the Duke of Ormond's
+regiment, and that Colonel Anthony Hamilton was to have Russell's
+regiment, and that Mr. Luttrell was to be lieutenant-colonel to Sir
+Thomas Newcomen, in the place of Anthony Hamilton."  It is not known
+whether Anthony was present at the battle of the Boyne, or of Aughrim:
+his brother John was killed at the latter; and Richard, who was a
+lieutenant-general, led on the cavalry with uncommon gallantry and
+spirit at the Boyne it is to be wished that his candour and integrity
+had equalled his courage; but, he acted with great duplicity; and King
+William's contemptuous echoing back his word to him, when he declared
+something on his honour, is well known:  He is frequently mentioned by
+Lord Clarendon, but by no means with the same approbation as his brother.
+After the total overthrow of James's affairs in Ireland, the two brothers
+finally quitted these kingdoms, and retired to France.  Richard lived
+much with the Cardinal de Bouillon, who was the great protector of the
+Irish in France, and kept (what must have been indeed highly consolatory
+to many an emigrant of condition) a magnificent table, which has been
+recorded in the most glowing and grateful terms, by that gay companion,
+and celebrated lover of good cheer, Philippe de Coulanges, who
+occasionally mentions the "amiable Richard Hamilton" as one of the
+cardinal's particular intimates.  Anthony, who was regarded particularly
+as a man of letters and elegant talents, resided almost entirely at St.
+Germain: solitary walks in the forest of that place occupied his leisure
+hours in the morning; and poetical pursuits, or agreeable society,
+engaged the evening: but much of his time seems to have rolled heavily
+along; his sister, Madame de Grammont, living more at court, or in Paris,
+than always suited his inclinations or his convenience.  His great
+resource at St. Germain was the family of the Duke of Berwick (son of
+James II.): that nobleman appears to have been amiable in private life,
+and his attachment to Hamilton was steady and sincere.  The Duchess of
+Berwick was also his friend.  It is necessary to mention this lady
+particularly, as well as her sisters: they were the daughters of Henry
+Bulkeley, son to the first viscount of that name: their father had been
+master of the household to Charles: their mother was Lady Sophia Stewart,
+sister to the beautiful Duchess of Richmond, so conspicuous in the
+Grammont Memoirs.  The sisters of the Duchess of Berwick were Charlotte,
+married to Lord Clare, Henrietta, and Laura.  They all occupy a
+considerable space in Hamilton's correspondence, and the two last are the
+ladies so often addressed as the Mademoiselles B.; they are almost the
+constant subjects of Hamilton's verses; and it is recorded that he was a
+particular admirer of Henrietta Bulkeley; but their union would have been
+that of hunger and thirst, for both were very poor and very illustrious:
+their junction would, of course, have militated against every rule of
+common prudence.  To the influence of this lady, particularly, we are
+indebted for one or two of Hamilton's agreeable novels: she had taste
+enough to laugh at the extravagant stories then so much in fashion, "plus
+arabes qu'en Arabie,"
+
+     [They were wretched imitations of some of the Persian and Arabian
+     tales, in which everything was distorted, and rendered absurd and
+     preposterous.]
+
+as Hamilton says; and he, in compliance with her taste, and his own, soon
+put the fashionable tales to flight, by the publication of the 'Quatre
+Facardins', and, more especially, 'La Fleur d'Epine'.  Some of the
+introductory verses to these productions are written with peculiar ease
+and grace; and are highly extolled, and even imitated, by Voltaire.  La
+Harpe praises the Fleur d'Epine, as the work of an original genius: I do
+not think, however, that they are much relished in England, probably
+because very ill translated.  Another of his literary productions was the
+novel called Le Belier, which he wrote on the following occasion: Louis
+XIV. had presented to the Countess of Grammont (whom he highly esteemed)
+a remarkably elegant small country house in the park of Versailles: this
+house became so fashionable a resort, and brought such constant visitors,
+that the Count de Grammont said, in his usual way, he would present the
+king with a list of all the persons he was obliged to entertain there, as
+more suited to his Majesty's purse than his own: the countess wished to
+change the name of the place from the vulgar appellation of Le Moulineau
+into that of Pentalie: and Hamilton, in his novel, wrote a history of a
+giant, an enchantment, and a princess, to commemorate her resolution.
+It has however happened that the giant Moulineau has had the advantage in
+the course of time; for the estate, which is situated near Meudon, upon
+the Seine, retains its original and popular designation.
+
+About the year 1704, Hamilton turned his attention to collecting the
+memoirs of his brother-in-law, the Count de Grammont, as we may
+conjecture, from the epistle beginning "Honneur des rives eloignees"
+being written towards the close of the above year: it is dated, or
+supposed to be so, from the banks of the Garonne.  Among other authors
+whom Hamilton at first proposes to Grammont, as capable of writing his
+life (though, on reflection, he thinks them not suited to it),
+is Boileau, whose genius he professes to admire; but adds that his muse
+has somewhat of malignity; and that such a muse might caress with one
+hand and satirize him with the other.  This letter was sent by Hamilton
+to Boileau, who answered him with great politeness; but, at the same time
+that he highly extolled the epistle to Grammont, he, very naturally,
+seemed anxious to efface any impression which such a representation of
+his satiric vein might make on the Count's mind, and accordingly added a
+few complimentary verses to him: this letter is dated, Paris, 8th
+February, 1705.  About the same time, another letter was written to
+Hamilton on the subject of the Epistle to Grammont, by La Chapelle, who
+also seemed desirous that his life should be given to the public, but was
+much perplexed which of the most celebrated ancients to compare the count
+to.  Mecaenas first presented himself to his imagination: absurdly
+enough, in my opinion; for there was not a trace of similitude between
+the two characters.  This, however, afforded him some opportunity, as he
+thought, of discovering a resemblance between Horace and Hamilton, in
+which he equally failed.  Petronius is then brought forward, as affording
+some comparison to the Count;--a man of pleasure, giving up the day to
+sleep, and the night to entertainment; but then, adds La Chapelle, it
+will be suggested that, such is the perpetual activity of the Count of
+Grammont's mind, he may be said to sleep neither night nor day; and if
+Petronius died, the Count seems determined never to die at all.  (He was
+at this time about eighty-five years of age.)  It may well be supposed
+that all this, though now perfectly vapid and uninteresting, was
+extremely flattering to Grammont; and the result was, that he very much
+wished to have his life, or part of it, at least, given to the public.
+Hamilton, who had been so long connected with him, and with whose
+agreeable talents he was now so familiarized, was, on every account,
+singled out by him as the person who could best introduce him
+historically to the public.  It is ridiculous to mention Grammont as the
+author of his own Memoirs: his excellence, as a man of wit, was entirely
+limited to conversation.  Bussy Rabutin, who knew him perfectly, states
+that he wrote almost worse than any one.  If this was said, and very
+truly, of him in his early days, it can hardly be imagined that he would,
+when between eighty and ninety years of age, commence a regular, and,
+in point of style, most finished composition.  Besides, independent of
+everything else, what man would so outrage all decorum as to call himself
+the admiration of the age? for so is Grammont extolled in the Memoirs,
+with a variety of other encomiastic expressions; although, perhaps, such
+vanity has not been without example.  Hamilton, it is true, says that he
+acts as Grammont's secretary, and only holds the pen, whilst the Count
+dictates to him such particulars of his life as were the most singular,
+and least known.  This is said with great modesty, and, as to part of the
+work, perhaps with great truth: it requires, however, some explanation.
+Grammont was more than twenty years older than Hamilton; consequently,
+the earlier part of his life could only have been known, or was best
+known, to the latter from repeated conversations, and the long intimacy
+which subsisted between them.  Whether Grammont formally dictated the
+events of his younger days, or not, is of little consequence from his
+general character, it is probable that he did not.  However, the whole
+account of such adventures as he was engaged in, from his leaving home to
+his interview with Cardinal Mazarin (excepting the character of Monsieur
+de Senantes, and Matta, who was well known to Hamilton), the relation of
+the siege of Lerida, the description of Gregorio Brice, and the
+inimitable discovery of his own magnificent suit of clothes on the
+ridiculous bridegroom at Abbeville; all such particulars must have been
+again and again repeated to Hamilton by Grammont, and may therefore be
+fairly grounded on the count's authority.  The characters of the court of
+Charles II., and its history, are to be ascribed to Hamilton: from his
+residence, at various times, in the court of London, his connection with
+the Ormond family, not to mention others, he must have been well
+acquainted with them.  Lady Chesterfield, who may be regarded almost as
+the heroine of the work, was his cousin-german.
+
+     [She was born at the castle of Kilkenny, July, 1640, as appears from
+     Carte's life of her father, the Duke of Ormond.]
+
+But, although the history altogether was written by Hamilton, it may
+not perhaps be known to every reader that Grammont himself sold the
+manuscript for fifteen hundred livres; and when it was brought to
+Fontenelle, then censor of the press, he refused to license it, from
+respect to the character of the Count, which, he thought, was represented
+as that of a gambler, and an unprincipled one too.  In fact, Grammont,
+like many an old gentleman, seems to have recollected the gaieties of his
+youth with more complaisance than was necessary, and has drawn them in
+pretty strong colours in that part of the work which is more particularly
+his own.  He laughed at poor Fontenelle's scruples, and complained to the
+chancellor, who forced the censor to acquiesce: the license was granted,
+and the Count put the whole of the money, or the best part of it, in his
+pocket, though he acknowledged the work to be Hamilton's.  This is
+exactly correspondent to his general character: when money was his
+object, he had little, or rather no delicacy.
+
+The History of Grammont may be considered as unique there is nothing like
+it in any language.  For drollery, knowledge of the world, various
+satire, general utility, united with great vivacity of composition, Gil
+Blas is unrivalled: but, as a merely agreeable book, the Memoirs of
+Grammont perhaps deserve that character more than any which was ever
+written: it is pleasantry throughout, pleasantry of the best sort,
+unforced, graceful, and engaging.  Some French critic has justly
+observed, that, if any book were to be selected as affording the truest
+specimen of perfect French gaiety, the Memoirs of Grammont would be
+selected in preference to all others.  This has a Frenchman said of the
+work of a foreigner: but that foreigner possessed much genius, had lived
+from his youth, not only in the best society of France, but with the most
+singular and agreeable man that France could produce.  Still, however,
+though Grammont and Hamilton were of dispositions very different, the
+latter must have possessed talents peculiarly brilliant, and admirably
+adapted to coincide with, and display those of his brother-in-law to the
+utmost advantage.  Gibbon extols the "ease and purity of Hamilton's
+inimitable style;" and in this he is supported by Voltaire, although he
+adds the censure, that the Grammont Memoirs are, in point of materials,
+the most trifling; he might also in truth have said, the most improper.
+The manners of the court of Charles II. were, to the utmost, profligate
+and abandoned: yet in what colours have they been drawn by Hamilton?  The
+elegance of his pencil has rendered them more seductive and dangerous,
+than if it had more faithfully copied the originals.  From such a mingled
+mass of grossness of language, and of conduct, one would have turned away
+with disgust and abhorrence; but Hamilton was, to use the words of his
+admirer, Lord Orford, "superior to the indelicacy of the court," whose
+vices he has so agreeably depicted; and that superiority has sheltered
+such vices from more than half the oblivion which would now have for ever
+concealed them.
+
+The Count de Grammont died in 1707.  Some years after the  publication of
+his Memoirs, Hamilton was engaged in a very  different work: he
+translated Pope's Essay on Criticism into French, and, as it should seem,
+so much to that great poet's satisfaction, that he wrote a very polite
+letter of thanks to him, which is inserted in Pope's Correspondence.
+Hamilton's Essay was, I believe, never printed, though Pope warmly
+requested to have that permission: the reign of Louis XIV. had now
+ceased; and, for several years before his death, the character of the old
+court of that prince had ceased also: profligacy and gaiety had given way
+to devotion and austerity.  Of Hamilton's friends and literary
+acquaintance few were left: the Duke of Berwick was employed in the
+field, or at Versailles: some of the ladies, however, continued at St.
+Germain;  and in their society, particularly that of his niece, the
+Countess of Stafford (in whose name he carried on a lively correspondence
+with Lady Mary Wortley Montague), he passed much of his time.  He
+occasionally indulged in poetical compositions, of a style suited to his
+age and character; and when he was past seventy, he wrote that excellent
+copy of verses, 'Sur l' Usage de la Vie dans la Vieillesse'; which, for
+grace of style, justness, and purity of sentiment, does honour to his
+memory.
+
+Hamilton died at St. Germain, in April, 1720, aged about seventy-four.
+His death was pious and resigned.  From his poem, entitled Reflections,
+he appears, like some other authors, to have turned his mind, in old age,
+entirely to those objects of sacred regard, which, sooner or later, must
+engage the attention of every rational mind.  To poetry he bids an
+eternal adieu, in language which breathes no diminution of genius,
+at the moment that he for ever recedes from the poetical character.
+But he aspired to a better.
+
+Whatever were Hamilton's errors, his general character was respectable.
+He has been represented as grave, and even dull, in society; the very
+reverse, in short, of what he appears in his Memoirs: but this is
+probably exaggerated.  Unquestionably, he had not the unequalled vivacity
+of the Count de Grammont in conversation; as Grammont was, on the other
+hand, inferior, in all respects, to Hamilton when the pen was in his
+hand; the latter was, however, though reserved in a large society,
+particularly agreeable in a more  select one.  Some of his letters
+remain, in which he alludes to his want of that facility at impromptu
+which gave such brilliancy to the conversation of some of his brother
+wits and contemporaries.  But, while we admit the truth of this, let it
+be remembered, at the same time, that when he wrote this, he was by no
+means young; that he criticised his own defects with severity; that he
+was poor, and living in a court which itself subsisted on the alms of
+another.  Amidst such circumstances, extemporary gaiety cannot always be
+found.  I can suppose, that the Duchess of Maine, who laid claim to the
+character of a patroness of wit, and, like many who assert such claims,
+was very troublesome, very self-sufficient, and very 'exigeante', might
+not always have found that general superiority, or even transient lustre,
+which she expected in Hamilton's society: yet, considering the great
+difference of their age and situation, this circumstance will not greatly
+impeach his talents for conversation.  But the work of real genius must
+for ever remain; and of Hamilton's genius, the Grammont Memoirs will
+always continue a beauteous and graceful monument.  To that monument may
+also be added, the candour, integrity, and unassuming virtues of the
+amiable author.
+
+
+
+
+                         CHAPTER FIRST.
+
+                          INTRODUCTION
+
+
+As those who read only for amusement are, in my opinion, more worthy of
+attention than those who open a book merely to find fault, to the former
+I address myself, and for their entertainment commit the following pages
+to press, without being in the least concerned about the severe
+criticisms of the latter.  I further declare, that the order of time
+and disposition of the facts, which give more trouble to the writer than
+pleasure to the reader, shall not much embarrass me in these Memoirs.
+It being my design to convey a just idea of my hero, those circumstances
+which most tend to illustrate and distinguish his character shall find
+a place in these fragments just as they present themselves to my
+imagination, without paying any particular attention to their
+arrangement.  For, after all, what does it signify where the portrait is
+begun, provided the assemblage of the parts forms a whole which perfectly
+expresses the original?  The celebrated Plutarch, who treats his heroes
+as he does his readers, commences the life of the one just as he thinks
+fit, and diverts the attention of the other with digressions into
+antiquity, or agreeable passages of literature, which frequently have
+no reference to the subject; for instance, he tells us that Demetrius
+Poliorcetes was far from being so tall as his father, Antigonus; and
+afterwards, that his reputed father, Antigonus, was only his uncle; but
+this is not until he has begun his life with a short account of his
+death, his various exploits, his good and bad qualities; and at last,
+out of compassion to his failings, brings forward a comparison between
+him and the unfortunate Mark Antony.
+
+What I have said upon this subject is not meant to reflect upon this
+historian, to whom, of all the ancients, we are most obliged; it is only
+intended to authorize the manner in which I have treated a life far more
+extraordinary than any of those he has transmitted to us.  It is my part
+to describe a man whose inimitable character casts a veil over those
+faults which I shall neither palliate nor disguise; a man distinguished
+by a mixture of virtues and vices so closely linked together as in
+appearance to form a necessary dependence, glowing with the greatest
+beauty when united, shining with the brightest lustre when opposed.
+
+It is this indefinable brilliancy, which, in war, in love, in gaming, and
+in the various stages of a long life, has rendered the Count de Grammont
+the admiration of his age, and the delight of every country wherein
+he has displayed his engaging wit, dispensed his generosity and
+magnificence, or practised his inconstancy: it is owing to this that the
+sallies of a sprightly imagination have produced those admirable bons-
+mots which have been with universal applause transmitted to posterity.
+It is owing to this that he preserved his judgment free and unembarrassed
+in the most trying situations, and enjoyed an uncommon presence of mind
+and facetiousness of temper in the most imminent dangers of war.  I shall
+not attempt to draw his portrait: his person has been described by Bussi
+and St. Evremond, authors more entertaining than faithful.
+
+     [Voltaire, in the age of Louis XIV., ch.  24, speaking of that
+     monarch, says, "even at the same time when he began to encourage
+     genius by his liberality, the Count de Bussi was severely punished
+     for the use be made of his: he was sent to the Bastile in 1664.
+     'The Amours of the Gauls' was the pretence of his imprisonment; but
+     the true cause was the song in which the king was treated with too
+     much freedom, and which, upon this occasion, was brought to
+     remembrance to ruin Bussi, the reputed author of it.
+
+                    Que Deodatus est heureux,
+                    De baiser ce bec amoureux,
+                    Qui d'une oreille a l'autre va!
+
+          See Deodatus with his billing dear,
+          Whose amorous mouth breathes love from ear to ear!
+
+     "His works were not good enough to compensate for the mischief they
+     did him.  He spoke his own language with purity: he had some merit,
+     but more conceit: and he made no use of the merit he had, but to
+     make himself enemies."  Voltaire adds, "Bussi was released at the
+     end of eighteen months; but he was in disgrace all the rest of his
+     life, in vain protesting a regard for Louis XIV."  Bussi died 1693.
+     Of St. Evremond, see note, postea.]
+
+The former has represented the Chevalier Grammont as artful, fickle, and
+even somewhat treacherous in his amours, and indefatigable and cruel in
+his jealousies.  St. Evremond has used other colours to express the
+genius and describe the general manners of the Count; whilst both, in
+their different pictures, have done greater honour to themselves than
+justice to their hero.
+
+It is, therefore, to the Count we must listen, in the agreeable relation
+of the sieges and battles wherein he distinguished himself under another
+hero; and it is on him we must rely for the truth of passages the least
+glorious of his life, and for the sincerity with which he relates his
+address, vivacity, frauds, and the various stratagems he practised either
+in love or gaming.  These express his true character, and to himself we
+owe these memoirs, since I only hold the pen, while he directs it to the
+most remarkable and secret passages of his life.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER SECOND.
+
+        ARRIVAL OF THE CHEVALIER GRAMMONT AT THE SIEGE OF TRINO,
+        AND THE LIFE HE LED THERE.
+
+
+In those days affairs were not managed in France as at present.  Louis
+XIII.--[Son and successor of Henry IV.  He began to reign 14th May, 1610,
+and died 14th May, 1643.]--then sat upon the throne, but the Cardinal de
+Richelieu, governed the kingdom;
+
+     [Of this great minister Mr. Hume gives the following character:--
+     "Undaunted, Undaunted and implacable, prudent and active, he braved
+     all the opposition of the French princes and nobles in the
+     prosecution of his vengeance; he discovered and dissipated all their
+     secret cabals and conspiracies.  His sovereign himself he held in
+     subjection, while he exalted the throne.  The people, while they
+     lost their liberties, acquired, by means of his administration,
+     learning, order, discipline, and renown."]
+
+great men commanded little armies, and little armies did great things;
+the fortune of great men depended solely upon ministerial favour, and
+blind devotion to the will of the minister was the only sure method of
+advancement.  Vast designs were then laying in the heart of neighbouring
+states the foundation of that formidable greatness to which France has
+now risen: the police was somewhat neglected; the highways were
+impassable by day, and the streets by night; but robberies were committed
+elsewhere with greater impunity.  Young men, on their first entrance into
+the world, took what course they thought proper.  Whoever would, was a
+chevalier, and whoever could, an abbe: I mean a beneficed abbe: dress
+made no distinction between them; and I believe the Chevalier Grammont
+was both the one and the other at the siege of Trino.--[Trino was taken
+4th May, 1639.]--This was his first campaign, and here he displayed those
+attractive graces which so favourably prepossess, and require neither
+friends nor recommendations in any company to procure a favourable
+reception.  The siege was already formed when he arrived, which saved him
+some needless risks; for a volunteer cannot rest at ease until he has
+stood the first fire: he went therefore to reconnoitre the generals,
+having no occasion to reconnoitre the place.  Prince Thomas commanded the
+army; and as the post of lieutenant-general was not then known, Du
+Plessis Pralin and the famous Viscount Turenne were his majors general.
+Fortified places were treated with some respect, before a power which
+nothing can withstand had found means to destroy them by dreadful showers
+of bombs, and by destructive batteries of hundreds of pieces of cannon.
+Before these furious storms which drive governors underground and reduce
+their garrisons to powder, repeated sallies bravely repulsed, and
+vigorous attacks nobly sustained, signalized both the art of the
+besiegers and the courage of the besieged; consequently, sieges were of
+some length, and young men had an opportunity of gaining some knowledge.
+Many brave actions were performed on each side during the siege of Trino;
+a great deal of fatigue was endured, and considerable losses sustained;
+but fatigue was no more considered, hardships were no more felt in the
+trenches, gravity was at an end with the generals, and the troops were no
+longer dispirited after the arrival of the Chevalier Grammont.  Pleasure
+was his pursuit, and he made it universal.
+
+Among the officers in the army, as in all other places, there are men of
+real merit, or pretenders to it.  The latter endeavoured to imitate the
+Chevalier Grammont in his most shining qualities, but without success;
+the former admired his talents and courted his friendship.  Of this
+number was Matta:
+
+     [Matta, or Matha, of whom Hamilton has drawn so striking a picture,
+     is said to have been of the house of Bourdeille, which had the
+     honour to produce Brautome and Montresor.  The combination of
+     indolence and talent, of wit and simplicity, of bluntness and irony,
+     with which he is represented, may have been derived from tradition,
+     but could only have been united into the inimitable whole by the pen
+     of Hamilton.  Several of his bons-mots have been preserved; but the
+     spirit evaporates in translation.  "Where could I get this nose,"
+     said Madame D'Albret, observing a slight tendency to a flush in that
+     feature.  "At the side board, Madame," answered Matta.  When the
+     same lady, in despair at her brother's death, refused all
+     nourishment, Matta administered this blunt consolation: "If you are
+     resolved, madame, never again to swallow food, you do well; but if
+     ever you mean to eat upon any future occasion, believe me, you may
+     as well begin just now."  Madame Caylus, in her Souvenirs,
+     commemorates the simple and natural humour of Matta as rendering him
+     the most delightful society in the world.  Mademoiselle, in her
+     Memoirs, alludes to his pleasantry in conversation, and turn for
+     deep gaming.  When the Memoirs of Grammont were subjected to the
+     examination of Fontenelle, then censor of the Parisian press, he
+     refused to license them, or account of the scandalous conduct
+     imputed to Grammont in this party at quinze.  The count no sooner
+     heard of this than he hastened to Fontenelle, and having joked him
+     for being more tender of his reputation than he was himself, the
+     license was instantly issued.  The censor might have retorted upon
+     Grammont the answer which the count made to a widow who received
+     coldly his compliments of condolence on her husband's death: "Nay,
+     madame, if that is the way you take it, I care as little about it as
+     you do."  He died in 1674.  "Matta est mort sans confession," says
+     Madame Maintenon, in a letter to her brother.  Tome I., p. 67.]
+
+He was agreeable in his person, but still more by the natural turn of his
+wit; he was plain and simple in his manners, but endued with a quick
+discernment and refined delicacy, and full of candour and integrity in
+all his actions.  The Chevalier Grammont was not long in discovering his
+amiable qualities; an acquaintance was soon formed, and was succeeded by
+the strictest intimacy.
+
+Matta insisted that the Chevalier should take up his quarters with him;
+to which he only consented on condition of equally contributing to the
+expense.  As they were both liberal and magnificent, at their common cost
+they gave the best designed and most luxurious entertainments that had
+ever yet been seen.  Play was wonderfully productive at first, and the
+Chevalier restored by a hundred different ways that which he obtained
+only by one.  The generals, being entertained by turns, admired their
+magnificence, and were dissatisfied with their own officers for not
+keeping such good tables and attendance.  The Chevalier had the talent
+of setting off the most indifferent things to advantage; and his wit was
+so generally acknowledged, that it was a kind of disgrace not to submit
+to his taste.  To him Matta resigned the care of furnishing the table and
+doing its honours; and, charmed with the general applause, persuaded
+himself that nothing could be more honourable than their way of living,
+and nothing more easy than to continue it; but he soon perceived that the
+greatest prosperity is not the most lasting.  Good living, bad economy,
+dishonest servants, and ill-luck, all uniting together to disconcert
+their housekeeping, their table was going to be gradually laid aside,
+when the Chevalier's genius, fertile in resources, undertook to support
+his former credit by the following expedient.
+
+They had never yet conferred about the state of their finances, although
+the steward had acquainted each, separately, that he must either receive
+money to continue the expenses, or give in his accounts.  One day, when
+the Chevalier came home sooner than usual, he found Matta fast asleep in
+an easy chair, and, being unwilling to disturb his rest, he began musing
+on his project.  Matta awoke without his perceiving it; and having, for a
+short time, observed the deep contemplation he seemed involved in, and
+the profound silence between two persons who had never held their tongues
+for a moment when together before, he broke it by a sudden fit of
+laughter, which increased in proportion as the other stared at him.
+"A merry way of waking, and ludicrous enough," said the Chevalier;
+"what is the matter, and whom do you laugh at!"  "Faith, Chevalier," said
+Matta, "I am laughing at a dream I had just now, which is so natural and
+diverting, that I must make you laugh at it also.  I was dreaming that we
+had dismissed our maitre-d'hotel, our cook, and our confectioner, having
+resolved, for the remainder of the campaign, to live upon others as
+others have lived upon us: this was my dream.  Now tell me, Chevalier,
+on what were you musing?"  "Poor fellow!"  said the Chevalier, shrugging
+up his shoulders, "you are knocked down at once, and thrown into the
+utmost consternation and despair at some silly stories which the maitre-
+d'hotel has been telling you as well as me.  What! after the figure we
+have made in the face of the nobility and foreigners in the army, shall
+we give it up, and like fools and beggars sneak off, upon the first
+failure of our money!  Have you no sentiments of honour?  Where is the
+dignity of France?"  "And where is the money?"  said Matta; "for my men
+say, the devil may take them, if there be ten crowns in the house, and I
+believe you have not much more, for it is above a week since I have seen
+you pull out your purse, or count your money, an amusement you were very
+fond of in prosperity."  "I own all this," said the Chevalier, "but yet
+I will force you to confess, that you are but a mean-spirited fellow upon
+this occasion.  What would have become of you if you had been reduced to
+the situation I was in at Lyons, four days before I arrived here?  I will
+tell you the story."
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER THIRD.
+
+          EDUCATION AND ADVENTURES OF THE CHEVALIER GRAMMONT
+          BEFORE HIS COMING TO THE SIEGE OF TRINO.
+
+
+"This," said Matta, "smells strongly of romance, except that it should
+have been your squire's part to tell your adventures."
+
+"True," said the Chevalier; "however, I may acquaint you with my first
+exploits without offending my modesty; besides, my squire's style borders
+too much upon the burlesque for an heroic narrative.
+
+"You must know, then, that upon my arrival at Lyons--"
+
+"Is it thus you begin?" said Matta.  "Pray give us your history a little
+further back.  The most minute particulars of a life like yours are
+worthy of relation; but above all, the manner in which you first paid
+your respects to Cardinal Richelieu: I have often laughed at it.
+However, you may pass over the unlucky pranks of your infancy, your
+genealogy, name and quality of your ancestors, for that is a subject
+with which you must be utterly unacquainted."
+
+"Pooh !"  said the Chevalier; "you think that all the world is as
+ignorant as yourself; you think that I am a stranger to the Mendores and
+the Corisandes.  So, perhaps I don't know that it was my father's own
+fault that he was not the son of Henry IV.  The king would by all means
+have acknowledged him for his son, but the traitor would never consent
+to it.  See what the Grammonts would have been now, but for this cross-
+grained fellow!  They would have had precedence of the Caesars de
+Vendome.  You may laugh if you like, yet it is as true as the gospel:
+but let us come to the point.
+
+"I was sent to the college of Pau, with the intention of being brought
+up to the church; but as I had quite different views, I made no manner
+of improvement: gaming was so much in my head, that both my tutor and the
+master lost their labour in endeavouring to teach me Latin.  Old Brinon,
+who served me both as valet-de-chambre and governor, in vain threatened
+to acquaint my mother.  I only studied when I pleased, that is to say,
+seldom or never: however, they treated me as is customary with scholars
+of my quality; I was raised to all the dignities of the forms, without
+having merited them, and left college nearly in the same state in which I
+entered it; nevertheless, I was thought to have more knowledge than was
+requisite for the abbacy which my brother had solicited for me.  He had
+just married the niece of a minister, to whom every one cringed: he was
+desirous to present me to him.  I felt but little regret to quit the
+country, and great impatience to see Paris.  My brother having kept me
+some time with him, in order to polish me, let me loose upon the town
+to shake off my rustic air, and learn the manners of the world.  I so
+thoroughly gained them, that I could not be persuaded to lay them aside
+when I was introduced at court in the character of an Abby.  You know
+what kind of dress was then the fashion.  All that they could obtain of
+me was to put a cassock over my other clothes, and my brother, ready to
+die with laughing at my ecclesiastical habit, made others laugh too.  I
+had the finest head of hair in the world, well curled and powdered, above
+my cassock, and below were white buskins and gilt spurs.  The Cardinal,
+who had a quick discernment, could not help laughing.  This elevation of
+sentiment gave him umbrage; and he foresaw what might be expected from a
+genius that already laughed at the shaven crown and cowl.
+
+"When my brother had taken me home, 'Well, my little parson,' said he,
+'you have acted your part to admiration, and your parti-coloured dress of
+the ecclesiastic and soldier has greatly diverted the court; but this is
+not all: you must now choose, my little knight.  Consider then, whether,
+by sticking to the church, you will possess great revenues, and have
+nothing to do; or, with a small portion, you will risk the loss of a leg
+or arm, and be the fructus belli of an insensible court, to arrive in
+your old age at the dignity of a major-general, with a glass eye and a
+wooden leg.'  'I know,' said I, 'that there is no comparison between
+these two situations, with regard to the conveniences of life; but,
+as a man ought to secure his future state in preference to all other
+considerations, I am resolved to renounce the church for the salvation of
+my soul, upon condition, however, that I keep my abbacy.'  Neither the
+remonstrances nor authority of my brother could induce me to change my
+resolution; and he was forced to agree to this last article in order to
+keep me at the academy.  You know that I am the most adroit man in
+France, so that I soon learned all that is taught at such places, and,
+at the same time, I also learnt that which gives the finishing stroke to
+a young fellow's education, and makes him a gentleman, viz. all sorts of
+games, both at cards and dice; but the truth is, I thought, at first,
+that I had more skill in them than I really had, as experience proved.
+When my mother knew the choice I had made, she was inconsolable; for she
+reckoned, that had I been a clergyman I should have been a saint; but now
+she was certain that I should either be a devil in the world, or be
+killed in the wars.  And indeed I burned with impatience to be a soldier;
+but being yet too young, I was forced to make a campaign at Bidache--
+[A principality belonging to the family of the Grammonts, in the Province
+of Gascony.]--before I made one in the army.  When I returned to my
+mother's house, I had so much the air of a courtier and a man of the
+world, that she began to respect me, instead of chiding me for my
+infatuation towards the army.  I became her favourite, and finding me
+inflexible, she only thought of keeping me with her as long as she could,
+while my little equipage was preparing.  The faithful Brinon, who was to
+attend me as valet-de-chambre, was likewise to discharge the office of
+governor and equerry, being, perhaps, the only Gascon who was ever
+possessed of so much gravity and ill-temper.  He passed his word for my
+good behaviour and morality, and promised my mother that he would give a
+good account of my person in the dangers of the war; but I hope he will
+keep his word better as to this last article than he has done as to the
+former.
+
+"My equipage was sent away a week before me.  This was so much time
+gained by my mother to give me good advice.  At length, after having
+solemnly enjoined me to have the fear of God before my eyes, and to love
+my neighbour as myself, she suffered me to depart, under the protection
+of the Lord and the sage Brinon.  At the second stage we quarrelled.  He
+had received four hundred louis d'or for the expenses of the campaign: I
+wished to have the keeping of them myself, which he strenuously opposed.
+'Thou old scoundrel,' said I, 'is the money thine, or was it given thee
+for me?  You suppose I must have a treasurer, and receive no money
+without his order.  I know not whether it was from a presentiment of what
+afterwards happened that he grew melancholy; however, it was with the
+greatest reluctance, and the most poignant anguish, that he found himself
+obliged to yield.  One would have thought that I had wrested his very
+soul from him.  I found myself more light and merry after I had eased him
+of his trust; he, on the contrary, appeared so overwhelmed with grief,
+that it seemed as if I had laid four hundred pounds of lead upon his
+back, instead of taking away these four hundred louis.  He went on so
+heavily, that I was forced to whip his horse myself, and turning to me,
+now and then, 'Ah!  sir,' said he, my lady did not think it would be so.
+'His reflections and sorrows were renewed at every stage; for, instead of
+giving a shilling to the post-boy, I gave him half-a-crown.
+
+"Having at last reached Lyons, two soldiers stopped us at the gate of the
+city, to carry us before the governor.  I took one of them to conduct me
+to the best inn, and delivered Brinon into the hands of the other, to
+acquaint the commandant with the particulars of my journey, and my future
+intentions.
+
+"There are as good taverns at Lyons as at Paris; but my soldier,
+according to custom, carried me to a friend of his own, whose house he
+extolled as having the best accommodations, and the greatest resort of
+good company, in the whole town.  The master of this hotel was as big as
+a hogshead, his name Cerise; a Swiss by birth, a poisoner by profession,
+and a thief by custom.  He showed me into a tolerably neat room, and
+desired to know whether I pleased to sup by myself or at the ordinary.
+I chose the latter, on account of the beau monde which the soldier had
+boasted of.
+
+"Brinon, who was quite out of temper at the many questions which the
+governor had asked him, returned more surly than an old ape; and seeing
+that I was dressing my hair, in order to go downstairs: 'What are you
+about now, sir?' said he.  'Are you going to tramp about the town?  No,
+no; have we not had tramping enough ever since the morning?  Eat a bit of
+supper, and go to bed betimes, that you may get on horseback by day-
+break.'  'Mr. Comptroller,' said I, 'I shall neither tramp about the
+town, nor eat alone, nor go to bed early.  I intend to sup with the
+company below.'  'At the ordinary!' cried he; 'I beseech you, sir, do not
+think of it!  Devil take me, if there be not a dozen brawling fellows
+playing at cards and dice, who make noise enough to drown the loudest
+thunder!'
+
+"I was grown insolent since I had seized the money; and being desirous to
+shake off the yoke of a governor, 'Do you know, Mr. Brinon,' said I,
+'that I don't like a blockhead to set up for a reasoner?  Do you go to
+supper, if you please; but take care that I have post-horses ready before
+daybreak.'  The moment he mentioned cards and dice, I felt the money burn
+in my pocket.  I was somewhat surprised, however, to find the room where
+the ordinary was served filled with odd-looking creatures.  My host,
+after presenting me to the company, assured me that there were but
+eighteen or twenty of those gentlemen who would have the honour to sup
+with me.  I approached one of the tables where they were playing, and
+thought I should have died with laughing: I expected to have seen good
+company and deep play; but I only met with two Germans playing at
+backgammon.  Never did two country boobies play like them; but their
+figures beggared all description.  The fellow near whom I stood was
+short, thick, and fat, and as round as a ball, with a ruff, and
+prodigious high crowned hat.  Any one, at a moderate distance, would have
+taken him for the dome of a church, with the steeple on the top of it.
+I inquired of the host who he was.  'A merchant from Basle,' said he,
+'who comes hither to sell horses; but from the method he pursues, I think
+he will not dispose of many; for he does nothing but play.'  'Does he
+play deep?' said I.  'Not now,' said he; 'they are only playing for their
+reckoning, while supper is getting ready; but he has no objection to
+play as deep as any one.'  'Has he money?' said I.  'As for that,'
+replied the treacherous Cerise, 'would to God you had won a thousand
+pistoles of him, and I went your halves; we should not be long without
+our money.'  I wanted no further encouragement to meditate the ruin of
+the high-crowned hat.  I went nearer to him, in order to take a closer
+survey; never was such a bungler; he made blots upon blots; God knows, I
+began to feel some remorse at winning of such an ignoramus, who knew so
+little of the game.  He lost his reckoning; supper was served up; and I
+desired him to sit next me.  It was a long table, and there were at least
+five-and-twenty in company, notwithstanding the landlord's promise.  The
+most execrable repast that ever was begun being finished, all the crowd
+insensibly dispersed, except the little Swiss, who still kept near me,
+and the landlord, who placed himself on the other side of me.  They both
+smoked like dragoons; and the Swiss was continually saying, in bad
+French, 'I ask your pardon, sir, for my great freedom,' at the same time
+blowing such whiffs of tobacco in my face as almost suffocated me.  Mr.
+Cerise, on the other hand, desired he might take the liberty of asking me
+whether I had ever been in his country?  and seemed surprised I had so
+genteel an air, without having travelled in Switzerland.
+
+"The little chub I had to encounter was full as inquisitive as the other.
+He desired to know whether I came from the army in Piedmont; and having
+told him I was going thither, he asked me, whether I had a mind to buy
+any horses; that he had about two hundred to dispose of, and that he
+would sell them cheap.  I began to be smoked like a gammon of bacon;
+and being quite wearied out, both with their tobacco and their questions,
+I asked my companion if he would play for a single pistole at backgammon,
+while our men were supping; it was not without great ceremony that he
+consented, at the same time asking my pardon for his great freedom.
+
+"I won the game; I gave him his revenge, and won again.  We then played
+double or quit; I won that too, and all in the twinkling of an eye; for
+he grew vexed, and suffered himself to be taken in so that I began to
+bless my stars for my good fortune.  Brinon came in about the end of the
+third game, to put me to bed, he made a great sign of the cross, but paid
+no attention to the signs I made him to retire.  I was forced to rise to
+give him that order in private.  He began to reprimand me for disgracing
+myself by keeping company with such a low-bred wretch.  It was in vain
+that I told him he was a great merchant, that he had a great deal of
+money, and that he played like a child.  'He a merchant,' cried Brinon.
+'Do not believe that, sir!  May the devil take me, if he is not some
+conjurer.'  'Hold your tongue, old fool,' said I; 'he is no more a
+conjurer than you are, and that is decisive; and, to prove it to you, I
+am resolved to win four or five hundred pistoles of him before I go to
+bed.  With these words I turned him out, strictly enjoining him not to
+return, or in any manner to disturb us.
+
+"The game being done, the little Swiss unbuttoned his pockets, to pull
+out a new four-pistole piece, and presenting it to me, he asked my pardon
+for his great freedom, and seemed as if he wished to retire.  This was
+not what I wanted.  I told him we only played for amusement; that I had
+no design upon his money; and that, if he pleased, I would play him a
+single game for his four pistoles.  He raised some objections; but
+consented at last, and won back his money.  I was piqued at it.  I played
+another game; fortune changed sides; the dice ran for him, he made no
+more blots.  I lost the game; another game, and double or quit; we
+doubled the stake, and played double or quit again.  I was vexed; he,
+like a true gamester, took every bet I offered, and won all before him,
+without my getting more than six points in eight or ten games.  I asked
+him to play a single game for one hundred pistoles; but as he saw I did
+not stake, he told me it was late; that he must go and look after his
+horses; and went away, still asking my pardon for his great freedom.  The
+cool manner of his refusal, and the politeness with which he took his
+leave, provoked me to such a degree, that I could almost have killed him.
+I was so confounded at losing my money so fast, even to the last pistole,
+that I did not immediately consider the miserable situation to which I
+was reduced.
+
+"I durst not go up to my chamber for fear of Brinon.  By good luck,
+however, he was tired with waiting for me, and had gone to bed.  This was
+some consolation, though but of short continuance.  As soon as I was laid
+down, all the fatal consequences of my adventure presented themselves to
+my imagination.  I could not sleep.  I saw all the horrors of my
+misfortune, without being able to find any remedy; in vain did I rack my
+brain; it supplied me with no expedient.  I feared nothing so much as
+daybreak; however, it did come, and the cruel Brinon along with it.  He
+was booted up to the middle, and cracking a cursed whip, which he held in
+his hand, 'Up, Monsieur le Chevalier,' cried he, opening the curtains;
+'the horses are at the door, and you are still asleep.  We ought by this
+time to have ridden two stages; give me money to pay the reckoning.'
+'Brinon,' said I, in a dejected tone, 'draw the curtains.'  'What!' cried
+he, 'draw the curtains!  Do you intend, then, to make your campaign at
+Lyons?  you seem to have taken a liking to the place.  And for the great
+merchant, you have stripped him, I suppose?  No, no, Monsieur le
+Chevalier, this money will never do you any good.  This wretch has,
+perhaps, a family; and it is his children's bread that he has been
+playing with, and that you have won.  Was this an object to sit up all
+night for?  What would my lady say, if she knew what a life you lead?'
+'M. Brinon,' said I, 'pray draw the curtains.'  But instead of obeying
+me, one would have thought that the devil had prompted him to use the
+most pointed and galling terms to a person under such misfortunes.  'And
+how much have you won?' said he; 'five hundred pistoles?  what must the
+poor man do?
+
+'Recollect, Monsieur le Chevalier, what I have said, this money will never
+thrive with you.  It is, perhaps, but four hundred?  three?  two?  well
+if it be but one hundred louis d'or, continued he, seeing that I shook my
+head at every sum which he had named, there is no great mischief done;
+one hundred pistoles will not ruin him, provided you have won them
+fairly.'  'Friend Brinon,' said I, fetching a deep sigh, 'draw the
+curtains; I am unworthy to see daylight'  Brinon was much affected at
+these melancholy words, but I thought he would have fainted, when I told
+him the whole adventure.  He tore his hair, made grievous lamentations,
+the burden of which still was, 'What will my lady say?'  And, after
+having exhausted his unprofitable complaints, 'What will become of you
+now, Monsieur le Chevalier?' said he, 'what do you intend to do?'
+'Nothing,' said I, 'for I am fit for no thing.  After this, being
+somewhat eased after making him my confession, I thought upon several
+projects, to none of which could I gain his approbation.  I would have
+had him post after my equipage, to have sold some of my clothes.  I was
+for proposing to the horse-dealer to buy some horses of him at a high
+price on credit, to sell again cheap.  Brinon laughed at all these
+schemes, and after having had the cruelty of keeping me upon the rack for
+a long time, he at last extricated me.  Parents are always stingy towards
+their poor children; my mother intended to have given me five hundred
+louis d'or, but she had kept back fifty, as well for some little repairs
+in the abbey, as to pay for praying for me.  Brinon had the charge of the
+other fifty, with strict injunctions not to speak of them, unless upon
+some urgent necessity.  And this you see soon happened.
+
+"Thus you have a brief account of my first adventure.  Play has hitherto
+favoured me; for, since my arrival, I have had, at one time, after paying
+all my expenses, fifteen hundred louis d'or.  Fortune is now again become
+unfavourable: we must mend her.  Our cash runs low; we must, therefore,
+endeavour to recruit."
+
+"Nothing is more easy," said Matta; "it is only to find out such another
+dupe as the horse-dealer at Lyons; but now I think on it, has not the
+faithful Brinon some reserve for the last extremity?  Faith, the time is
+now come, and we cannot do better than to make use of it!"
+
+"Your raillery would be very seasonable," said the Chevalier, "if you
+knew how to extricate us out of this difficulty.  You must certainly have
+an overflow of wit, to be throwing it away upon every occasion as at
+present.  What the devil!  will you always be bantering, without
+considering what a serious situation we are reduced to.  Mind what I say,
+I will go tomorrow to the head-quarters, I will dine with the Count de
+Cameran, and I will invite him to supper."  "Where?"  said Matta.
+"Here," said the Chevalier.  "You are mad, my poor friend," replied
+Matta.  "This is some such project as you formed at Lyons: you know we
+have neither money nor credit; and, to re-establish our circumstances,
+you intend to give a supper."
+
+"Stupid fellow!"  said the Chevalier, "is it possible, that, so long as
+we have been acquainted, you should have learned no more invention?  The
+Count de Cameran plays at quinze, and so do I; we want money; he has more
+than he knows what to do with; I will bespeak a splendid supper, he shall
+pay for it.  Send your maitre-d'hotel to me, and trouble yourself no
+further, except in some precautions, which it is necessary to take on
+such an occasion."  "What are they?"  said Matta.  "I will tell you,"
+said the Chevalier; "for I find one must explain to you things that are
+as clear as noon-day."
+
+"You command the guards that are here, don't you?  As soon as night comes
+on, you shall order fifteen or twenty men, under the command of your
+sergeant La Place, to be under arms, and to lay themselves flat on the
+ground, between this place and the head-quarters."  "What the devil!"
+cried Matta, "an ambuscade?  God forgive me, I believe you intend to rob
+the poor Savoyard.  If that be your intention, I declare I will have
+nothing to say to it"  "Poor devil!"  said the Chevalier, "the matter is
+this; it is very likely that we shall win his money.  The Piedmontese,
+though otherwise good fellows, are apt to be suspicious and distrustful.
+He commands the horse; you know you cannot hold your tongue, and are very
+likely to let slip some jest or other that may vex him.  Should he take
+it into his head that he is cheated, and resent it, who knows what the
+consequences might be?  for he is commonly attended by eight or ten
+horsemen.  Therefore, however he may be provoked at his loss, it is
+proper to be in such a situation as not to dread his resentment"
+
+"Embrace me, my dear Chevalier," said Matta, holding his sides and
+laughing; "embrace me, for thou art not to be matched.  What a fool I was
+to think, when you talked to me of taking precautions, that nothing more
+was necessary than to prepare a table and cards, or perhaps to provide
+some false dice!  I should never have thought of supporting a man who
+plays at quinze by a detachment of foot: I must, indeed, confess that you
+are already a great soldier."
+
+The next day everything happened as the Chevalier Grammont had planned
+it; the unfortunate Cameran fell into the snare.  They supped in the most
+agreeable manner possible Matta drank five or six bumpers to drown a few
+scruples which made him somewhat uneasy.  The Chevalier de Grammont shone
+as usual, and almost made his guest die with laughing, whom he was soon
+after to make very serious; and the good-natured Cameran ate like a man
+whose affections were divided between good cheer and a love of play; that
+is to say, he hurried down his victuals, that he might not lose any of
+the precious time which he had devoted to quinze.
+
+Supper being done, the sergeant La Place posted his ambuscade, and the
+Chevalier de Grammont engaged his man.  The perfidy of Cerise, and the
+high-crowned hat, were still fresh in remembrance, and enabled him to get
+the better of a few grains of remorse, and conquer some scruples which
+arose in his mind.  Matta, unwilling to be a spectator of violated
+hospitality, sat down in an easy chair, in order to fall asleep, while
+the Chevalier was stripping the poor Count of his money.
+
+They only staked three or four pistoles at first, just for amusement; but
+Cameran having lost three or four times, he staked high, and the game
+became serious.  He still lost, and became outrageous; the cards flew
+about the room, and the exclamations awoke Matta.
+
+As his head was heavy with sleep, and hot with wine, he began to laugh
+at the passion of the Piedmontese, instead of consoling him.  "Faith, my
+poor Count," said he, "if I were in your place, I would play no more."
+"Why so?"  said the other.  "I don't know," said he, "but my heart tells
+me that your ill-luck will continue."  "I will try that," said Cameran,
+calling for fresh cards.  "Do so," said Matta, and fell asleep again.
+It was but for a short time.  All cards were equally unfortunate for
+the loser.  He held none but tens or court-cards; and if by chance he had
+quinze, he was sure to be the younger hand, and therefore lost it.  Again
+he stormed.  "Did not I tell you so?"  said Matta, starting out of his
+sleep.  "All your storming is in vain; as long as you play you will lose.
+Believe me, the shortest follies are the best.  Leave off, for the devil
+take me if it is possible for you to win."  "Why?"  said Cameran, who
+began to be impatient.  "Do you wish to know?"  said Matta; "why, faith,
+it is because we are cheating you."
+
+The Chevalier de Grammont was provoked at so ill-timed a jest, more
+especially as it carried along with it some appearance of truth.  "Mr.
+Matta," said he, "do you think it can be very agreeable for a man who
+plays with such ill-luck as the Count to be pestered with your insipid
+jests?  For my part, I am so weary of the game, that I would desist
+immediately, if he was not so great a loser."  Nothing is more dreaded by
+a losing gamester, than such a threat; and the Count, in a softened tone,
+told the Chevalier that Mr. Matta might say what he pleased, if he did
+not offend him; that, as to himself, it did not give him the smallest
+uneasiness.
+
+The Chevalier de Grammont gave the Count far better treatment than he
+himself had experienced from the Swiss at Lyons; for he played upon
+credit as long as he pleased; which Cameran took so kindly, that he lost
+fifteen hundred pistoles, and paid them the next morning.  As for Matta,
+he was severely reprimanded for the intemperance of his tongue.  All the
+reason he gave for his conduct was, that he made it a point of conscience
+not to suffer the poor Savoyard to be cheated without informing him of
+it.  "Besides," said he, "it would have given me pleasure to have seen my
+infantry engaged with his horse, if he had been inclined to mischief."
+
+This adventure having recruited their finances, fortune favoured them the
+remainder of the campaign, and the Chevalier de Grammont, to prove that
+he had only seized upon the Count's effects by way of reprisal, and to
+indemnify himself for the losses he had sustained at Lyons, began from
+this time to make the same use of his money, that he has been known to
+do since upon all occasions.  He found out the distressed, in order to
+relieve them; officers who had lost their equipage in the war, or their
+money at play; soldiers who were disabled in the trenches; in short,
+every one felt the influence of his benevolence: but his manner of
+conferring a favour exceeded even the favour itself.
+
+Every man possessed of such amiable qualities must meet with success in
+all his undertakings.  The soldiers knew his person, and adored him.  The
+generals were sure to meet him in every scene of action, and sought his
+company at other times.  As soon as fortune declared for him, his first
+care was to make restitution, by desiring Cameran to go his halves in all
+parties where the odds were in his favour.
+
+An inexhaustible fund of vivacity and good humour gave a certain air of
+novelty to whatever he either said or did.  I know not on what occasion
+it was that Monsieur de Turenne towards the end of the siege, commanded a
+separate body.  The Chevalier de Grammont went to visit him at his new
+quarters, where he found fifteen or twenty officers.  M. de Turenne was
+naturally fond of merriment, and the Chevalier's presence was sure to
+inspire it.  He was much pleased with this visit, and, by way of
+acknowledgment, would have engaged him to play.  The Chevalier de
+Grammont, in returning him thanks, said, that he had learned from his
+tutor, that when a man went to see his friends, it was neither prudent to
+leave his own money behind him, nor civil to carry off theirs.  "Truly,"
+said Monsieur de Turenne, "you will find neither deep play nor much money
+among us; but, that it may not be said that we suffered you to depart
+without playing, let us stake every one a horse."
+
+The Chevalier de Grammont agreed.  Fortune, who had followed him to a
+place where he did not think he should have any need of her, made him win
+fifteen or sixteen horses, by way of joke; but, seeing some countenances
+disconcerted at the loss, "Gentlemen," said he, "I should be sorry to see
+you return on foot from your general's quarters; it will be enough for me
+if you send me your horses to-morrow, except one, which I give for the
+cards."
+
+The valet-de-chambre thought he was bantering.  "I speak seriously," said
+the Chevalier, "I give you a horse for the cards; and, what is more, take
+whichever you please, except my own."  "Truly," said Monsieur de Turenne,
+"I am vastly pleased with the novelty of the thing; for I don't believe
+that a horse was ever before given for the cards."
+
+
+Trino surrendered at last.  The Baron de Batteville, who had defended it
+valiantly, and for a long time, obtained a capitulation worthy of such a
+resistance.
+
+     [This officer appears to have been the same person who was
+     afterwards ambassador from Spain to the court of Great Britain,
+     where, in the summer of 1660, he offended the French court, by
+     claiming precedence of their ambassador, Count d'Estrades, on the
+     public entry of the Swedish ambassador into London.  On this
+     occasion the court of France compelled its rival of Spain to submit
+     to the mortifying circumstance of acknowledging the French
+     superiority.  To commemorate this important victory, Louis XIV.
+     caused a medal to be struck, representing the Spanish ambassador,
+     the Marquis de Fuente, making the declaration to that king, "No
+     concurrer con los ambassadores des de Francia," with this
+     inscription, "Jus praecedendi assertum," and under it, "Hispaniorum
+     excusatio coram xxx legatis principum, 1662."  A very curious
+     account of the fray occasioned by this dispute, drawn up by Evelyn,
+     is to be seen in that gentleman's article in the Biographia
+     Britannica.]
+
+I do not know whether the Chevalier de Grammont had any share in the
+capture of this place; but I know very well, that during a more glorious
+reign, and with armies ever victorious, his intrepidity and address have
+been the cause of taking others since, even under the eye of his master,
+as we shall see in the sequel of these memoirs.
+
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+Resolved to renounce the church for the salvation of my soul
+The shortest follies are the best
+There are men of real merit, or pretenders to it
+Those who open a book merely to find fault
+
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT, V1, BY HAMILTON ***
+
+************* This file should be named mcg1w10.txt or mcg1w10.zip ************
+
+Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, mcg1w11.txt
+VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, mcg1w10a.txt
+
+This eBook was produced by David Widger <widger@cecomet.net>
+
+Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we usually do not
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+We are now trying to release all our eBooks one year in advance
+of the official release dates, leaving time for better editing.
+Please be encouraged to tell us about any error or corrections,
+even years after the official publication date.
+
+Please note neither this listing nor its contents are final til
+midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement.
+The official release date of all Project Gutenberg eBooks is at
+Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month.  A
+preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment
+and editing by those who wish to do so.
+
+Most people start at our Web sites at:
+http://gutenberg.net or
+http://promo.net/pg
+
+These Web sites include award-winning information about Project
+Gutenberg, including how to donate, how to help produce our new
+eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter (free!).
+
+
+Those of you who want to download any eBook before announcement
+can get to them as follows, and just download by date.  This is
+also a good way to get them instantly upon announcement, as the
+indexes our cataloguers produce obviously take a while after an
+announcement goes out in the Project Gutenberg Newsletter.
+
+http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext03 or
+ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext03
+
+Or /etext02, 01, 00, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90
+
+Just search by the first five letters of the filename you want,
+as it appears in our Newsletters.
+
+
+Information about Project Gutenberg (one page)
+
+We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work.  The
+time it takes us, a rather conservative estimate, is fifty hours
+to get any eBook selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright
+searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc.   Our
+projected audience is one hundred million readers.  If the value
+per text is nominally estimated at one dollar then we produce $2
+million dollars per hour in 2002 as we release over 100 new text
+files per month:  1240 more eBooks in 2001 for a total of 4000+
+We are already on our way to trying for 2000 more eBooks in 2002
+If they reach just 1-2% of the world's population then the total
+will reach over half a trillion eBooks given away by year's end.
+
+The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away 1 Trillion eBooks!
+This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers,
+which is only about 4% of the present number of computer users.
+
+Here is the briefest record of our progress (* means estimated):
+
+eBooks Year Month
+
+    1  1971 July
+   10  1991 January
+  100  1994 January
+ 1000  1997 August
+ 1500  1998 October
+ 2000  1999 December
+ 2500  2000 December
+ 3000  2001 November
+ 4000  2001 October/November
+ 6000  2002 December*
+ 9000  2003 November*
+10000  2004 January*
+
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation has been created
+to secure a future for Project Gutenberg into the next millennium.
+
+We need your donations more than ever!
+
+As of February, 2002, contributions are being solicited from people
+and organizations in: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut,
+Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois,
+Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts,
+Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New
+Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
+Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South
+Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West
+Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
+
+We have filed in all 50 states now, but these are the only ones
+that have responded.
+
+As the requirements for other states are met, additions to this list
+will be made and fund raising will begin in the additional states.
+Please feel free to ask to check the status of your state.
+
+In answer to various questions we have received on this:
+
+We are constantly working on finishing the paperwork to legally
+request donations in all 50 states.  If your state is not listed and
+you would like to know if we have added it since the list you have,
+just ask.
+
+While we cannot solicit donations from people in states where we are
+not yet registered, we know of no prohibition against accepting
+donations from donors in these states who approach us with an offer to
+donate.
+
+International donations are accepted, but we don't know ANYTHING about
+how to make them tax-deductible, or even if they CAN be made
+deductible, and don't have the staff to handle it even if there are
+ways.
+
+Donations by check or money order may be sent to:
+
+Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+PMB 113
+1739 University Ave.
+Oxford, MS 38655-4109
+
+Contact us if you want to arrange for a wire transfer or payment
+method other than by check or money order.
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation has been approved by
+the US Internal Revenue Service as a 501(c)(3) organization with EIN
+[Employee Identification Number] 64-622154.  Donations are
+tax-deductible to the maximum extent permitted by law.  As fund-raising
+requirements for other states are met, additions to this list will be
+made and fund-raising will begin in the additional states.
+
+We need your donations more than ever!
+
+You can get up to date donation information online at:
+
+http://www.gutenberg.net/donation.html
+
+
+***
+
+If you can't reach Project Gutenberg,
+you can always email directly to:
+
+Michael S. Hart <hart@pobox.com>
+
+Prof. Hart will answer or forward your message.
+
+We would prefer to send you information by email.
+
+
+**The Legal Small Print**
+
+
+(Three Pages)
+
+***START**THE SMALL PRINT!**FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN EBOOKS**START***
+Why is this "Small Print!" statement here? You know: lawyers.
+They tell us you might sue us if there is something wrong with
+your copy of this eBook, even if you got it for free from
+someone other than us, and even if what's wrong is not our
+fault. So, among other things, this "Small Print!" statement
+disclaims most of our liability to you. It also tells you how
+you may distribute copies of this eBook if you want to.
+
+*BEFORE!* YOU USE OR READ THIS EBOOK
+By using or reading any part of this PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm
+eBook, you indicate that you understand, agree to and accept
+this "Small Print!" statement. If you do not, you can receive
+a refund of the money (if any) you paid for this eBook by
+sending a request within 30 days of receiving it to the person
+you got it from. If you received this eBook on a physical
+medium (such as a disk), you must return it with your request.
+
+ABOUT PROJECT GUTENBERG-TM EBOOKS
+This PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBook, like most PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBooks,
+is a "public domain" work distributed by Professor Michael S. Hart
+through the Project Gutenberg Association (the "Project").
+Among other things, this means that no one owns a United States copyright
+on or for this work, so the Project (and you!) can copy and
+distribute it in the United States without permission and
+without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth
+below, apply if you wish to copy and distribute this eBook
+under the "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark.
+
+Please do not use the "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark to market
+any commercial products without permission.
+
+To create these eBooks, the Project expends considerable
+efforts to identify, transcribe and proofread public domain
+works. Despite these efforts, the Project's eBooks and any
+medium they may be on may contain "Defects". Among other
+things, Defects may take the form of incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
+intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged
+disk or other eBook medium, a computer virus, or computer
+codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.
+
+LIMITED WARRANTY; DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES
+But for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described below,
+[1] Michael Hart and the Foundation (and any other party you may
+receive this eBook from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBook) disclaims
+all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including
+legal fees, and [2] YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE OR
+UNDER STRICT LIABILITY, OR FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONTRACT,
+INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE
+OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+If you discover a Defect in this eBook within 90 days of
+receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any)
+you paid for it by sending an explanatory note within that
+time to the person you received it from. If you received it
+on a physical medium, you must return it with your note, and
+such person may choose to alternatively give you a replacement
+copy. If you received it electronically, such person may
+choose to alternatively give you a second opportunity to
+receive it electronically.
+
+THIS EBOOK IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS". NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE TO YOU AS
+TO THE EBOOK OR ANY MEDIUM IT MAY BE ON, INCLUDING BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Some states do not allow disclaimers of implied warranties or
+the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so the
+above disclaimers and exclusions may not apply to you, and you
+may have other legal rights.
+
+INDEMNITY
+You will indemnify and hold Michael Hart, the Foundation,
+and its trustees and agents, and any volunteers associated
+with the production and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm
+texts harmless, from all liability, cost and expense, including
+legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the
+following that you do or cause:  [1] distribution of this eBook,
+[2] alteration, modification, or addition to the eBook,
+or [3] any Defect.
+
+DISTRIBUTION UNDER "PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm"
+You may distribute copies of this eBook electronically, or by
+disk, book or any other medium if you either delete this
+"Small Print!" and all other references to Project Gutenberg,
+or:
+
+[1]  Only give exact copies of it.  Among other things, this
+     requires that you do not remove, alter or modify the
+     eBook or this "small print!" statement.  You may however,
+     if you wish, distribute this eBook in machine readable
+     binary, compressed, mark-up, or proprietary form,
+     including any form resulting from conversion by word
+     processing or hypertext software, but only so long as
+     *EITHER*:
+
+     [*]  The eBook, when displayed, is clearly readable, and
+          does *not* contain characters other than those
+          intended by the author of the work, although tilde
+          (~), asterisk (*) and underline (_) characters may
+          be used to convey punctuation intended by the
+          author, and additional characters may be used to
+          indicate hypertext links; OR
+
+     [*]  The eBook may be readily converted by the reader at
+          no expense into plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent
+          form by the program that displays the eBook (as is
+          the case, for instance, with most word processors);
+          OR
+
+     [*]  You provide, or agree to also provide on request at
+          no additional cost, fee or expense, a copy of the
+          eBook in its original plain ASCII form (or in EBCDIC
+          or other equivalent proprietary form).
+
+[2]  Honor the eBook refund and replacement provisions of this
+     "Small Print!" statement.
+
+[3]  Pay a trademark license fee to the Foundation of 20% of the
+     gross profits you derive calculated using the method you
+     already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  If you
+     don't derive profits, no royalty is due.  Royalties are
+     payable to "Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation"
+     the 60 days following each date you prepare (or were
+     legally required to prepare) your annual (or equivalent
+     periodic) tax return.  Please contact us beforehand to
+     let us know your plans and to work out the details.
+
+WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO?
+Project Gutenberg is dedicated to increasing the number of
+public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed
+in machine readable form.
+
+The Project gratefully accepts contributions of money, time,
+public domain materials, or royalty free copyright licenses.
+Money should be paid to the:
+"Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+If you are interested in contributing scanning equipment or
+software or other items, please contact Michael Hart at:
+hart@pobox.com
+
+[Portions of this eBook's header and trailer may be reprinted only
+when distributed free of all fees.  Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 by
+Michael S. Hart.  Project Gutenberg is a TradeMark and may not be
+used in any sales of Project Gutenberg eBooks or other materials be
+they hardware or software or any other related product without
+express permission.]
+
+*END THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN EBOOKS*Ver.02/11/02*END*
+
diff --git a/old/mcg1w10.zip b/old/mcg1w10.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9b409e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/old/mcg1w10.zip