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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #53822 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/53822)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Footprints of Abraham Lincoln, by J. T. Hobson
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-Title: Footprints of Abraham Lincoln
-       Presenting many interesting fact, reminiscences and
-       illustrations never before published
-
-Author: J. T. Hobson
-
-Release Date: December 28, 2016 [EBook #53822]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FOOTPRINTS OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Richard Hulse, Christian Boissonnas and the
-Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
-(This file was produced from images generously made
-available by The Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: THE RAIL-SPLITTER]
-
-
-
-
-  FOOTPRINTS
-
-  OF
-
-  ABRAHAM LINCOLN
-
-
-  PRESENTING
-
-  Many Interesting Facts, Reminiscences
-  and Illustrations Never Before
-  Published
-
-
-  BY
-  J. T. HOBSON, D.D., LL.B.,
-  _Author of "The Lincoln Year Book."_
-
-
-  Nineteen Hundred and Nine
-  THE OTTERBEIN PRESS
-  DAYTON, OHIO
-
-
-
-
-COPYRIGHT, 1909, BY J. T. HOBSON
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: THE AUTHOR.]
-
-
-
-
-DEDICATION
-
-
-  _To all my Kindred, Friends, and Acquaintances among
-  whom are Fellow Ministers, Teachers, Students,
-  Pupils, Parishioners, though Widely
-  Scattered, and to All Who Cherish
-  the Memory of_
-  =Abraham Lincoln=
-
-  _The Apostle of Human Liberty, Who Bound the Nation
-  and Unbound the Slave, This Little Volume
-  is Respectfully Dedicated by_
-  =THE AUTHOR=
-
-
-
-
-INTRODUCTION
-
-
-Everything pertaining to the life of Abraham Lincoln is of undying
-interest to the public.
-
-It may at first appear unnecessary, if not presumptuous, to add another
-volume to the already large number of books in Lincoln literature.
-Hitherto efforts have been made by the biographer, the historian, and
-the relic-hunter to gather everything possible connected with the life
-of Lincoln.
-
-If an apology is needed in presenting this volume to the public, it
-may be said that it has fallen as a rare opportunity to the author,
-during the passing years, to gather some well-authenticated facts,
-reminiscences, and illustrations which have never before appeared in
-connection with the history of this great man.
-
-Like many others, I have always taken great interest in the life and
-work of Abraham Lincoln. There are some special reasons for this, upon
-my part, aside from my interest in the lives of great men, and the
-magnetic charm which surrounds the name and fame of the most eminent
-American and emancipator of a race.
-
-The name, "Abraham Lincoln," is connected with my family history,
-and with one of my first achievements with pen and ink. Because of
-an affliction in early life, I was, for two or three years, unable
-to attend the public schools. At home I learned to make figures and
-letters with slate and pencil, as other writing material was not so
-common then as now. The first line I ever wrote with pen and ink was at
-home, at the age of ten, under a copy on foolscap paper, written by my
-sainted mother, "Abraham Lincoln, President, 1861."
-
-After the birth of John the Baptist, there was considerable controversy
-among the kinsfolk as to what name he should bear. The father, old
-Zacharias, was appealed to, and when writing material was brought him,
-he settled the matter by writing, "John." On the 7th of May, 1863, when
-a boy baby was horn in our old home, the other children and I were
-very anxious to know what name would be given the little stranger.
-We appealed to father. He did not say, but called for the old family
-Bible, pen and ink. He turned to the "Family Record," between the Old
-and the New Testaments. I stood by and saw him write, with pen and blue
-ink, the name, "Abraham Lincoln Hobson."
-
-I was born in due time to have the good fortune to become acquainted
-with a number of persons who personally knew Mr. Lincoln in his early
-life in Indiana, and heard them tell of their associations with him,
-and their words were written down at the time. I am also familiar with
-many places of historic interest where the feet of Abraham Lincoln
-pressed the earth. I resided for a time near the old Lincoln farm in
-Spencer County, Indiana, on which the town of Lincoln City now stands.
-I have often visited the near-by grave of Nancy Hanks Lincoln, the
-"angel mother" of the martyred President; have stood by the grave of
-Sally Grigsby, his only sister, at the Little Pigeon Cemetery, one
-mile and a half south of the Lincoln farm; have been in the Lincoln
-home at Springfield, Illinois; have seen Ford's Theater building, in
-Washington, where he was shot; have stood in the little rear room, in
-the first story of the house across the street, where he died; have
-been in the East Room of the White House, where his body lay in state;
-and have reverently stood at his tomb where his precious dust rests in
-peace in Oak Ridge Cemetery, at Springfield, Illinois.
-
-This volume can hardly claim the dignity of a biography, for many
-important facts in the life of Mr. Lincoln are omitted, the object
-being to set forth some unpublished facts, reminiscences, and
-illustrations to supplement larger histories written by others.
-However, it was necessary to refer to some well-known facts in order
-to properly connect the new material never before in print. It was
-necessary, in some instances, to correct some matters of Lincoln
-history which later and more authentic information has revealed.
-
-The illustrations were secured mainly for this publication, and none,
-so far as I know, except the frontispiece, has ever appeared in any
-other book on Lincoln. I am indebted to a number of persons who have
-assisted me in securing information and photographs, most of whom are
-mentioned in the body of the book.
-
-This being the centennial year of Abraham Lincoln's birth, it is
-with feelings of genuine pleasure and profound reverence that the
-opportunity is here given me to exhibit some "footprints" from the
-path of one whose life is imprinted in imperishable characters in the
-history of the great American republic. The excellent principles and
-noble conduct that characterized his life should be an inspiration to
-all. As Longfellow says:
-
-    "Lives of great men all remind us
-      We can make our lives sublime,
-    And, departing, leave behind us
-      Footprints in the sands of time."
-
-                                        J. T. HOBSON.
-
-  _Lake City, Iowa, February 19, 1909._
-
-
-
-
-ILLUSTRATIONS
-
-
-     Abraham Lincoln.
-
-     The Author.
-
-     Jacob S. Brother, who when a boy lived in the Kentucky Lincoln
-       cabin.
-
-     United Brethren Church on Indiana Lincoln farm.
-
-     Rev. Allen Brooner, an associate of Lincoln in Indiana.
-
-     Mr. and Mrs. Captain Lamar, who knew Lincoln in Indiana.
-
-     Honorable James Gentry, of Indiana.
-
-     Elizabeth Grigsby, one of the double wedding brides in Indiana.
-
-     Ruth Jennings Huff, daughter of Josiah Crawford.
-
-     Rifle Gun owned jointly by Lincoln and Brooner in Indiana.
-
-     David Turnham, the Indiana Constable, and wife.
-
-     George W. Turnham, son of David Turnham.
-
-     William D. Armstrong, defended by Lincoln in 1858.
-
-     Hannah Armstrong, who boarded Lincoln; he later defended her son.
-
-     Walker and Lacey, associated with Lincoln in the Armstrong case.
-
-     Moses Martin, still living, signed Lincoln's temperance pledge in
-       1847.
-
-     Major J. B. Merwin, still living, campaigned Illinois with Lincoln
-       for prohibition in 1854-55.
-
-     Rev. R. L. McCord, who named Lincoln as his choice for President,
-       in 1854.
-
-     Site of the old still-house in Indiana, where Lincoln worked.
-
-     Triplets, yet living, named by Abraham Lincoln.
-
-     Lincoln's mill.
-
-
-
-
-CHRONOLOGY
-
-
-     Born in Hardin (now Larue) County, Kentucky, February 12, 1809.
-
-     Moved to Spencer County, Indiana, in 1816.
-
-     His mother, Nancy, died October 5, 1818, aged 35 years.
-
-     His father married Sarah Bush Johnson, 1819.
-
-     Moved to Illinois, March, 1830.
-
-     Captain in Black Hawk War, in 1832.
-
-     Appointed postmaster at New Salem, Illinois, in 1833.
-
-     Elected to Illinois Legislature in 1834, 1836, 1838, 1840.
-
-     Admitted to the bar in 1837.
-
-     Presidential elector on Whig ticket, 1840, 1844.
-
-     Married to Miss Mary Todd, November 4, 1842.
-
-     Elected to Congress in 1846, 1848.
-
-     His father, Thomas, died January 17, 1851, aged 73 years.
-
-     Canvassed Illinois for State prohibition in 1855.
-
-     Debated with Stephen A. Douglas in 1858.
-
-     Nominated for President at Chicago, May 16, 1860.
-
-     Elected President, November 6, 1860.
-
-     Inaugurated President, March 4, 1861.
-
-     Issued call for 75,000 volunteers, April 15, 1861.
-
-     Issued Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863.
-
-     His address at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, November 19, 1863.
-
-     Renominated for President at Baltimore, June, 1864.
-
-     Reëlected President, November 8, 1864.
-
-     Reinaugurated President, March 4, 1865.
-
-     Shot by John Wilkes Booth, April 14, 1865.
-
-     Died April 15, 1865.
-
-     Buried at Springfield, Illinois, May 3, 1865.
-
-
-
-
-CONTENTS
-
-
-  Dedication                                                          3
-
-  Introduction                                                        4
-
-  Illustrations                                                       7
-
-  Chronology of Abraham Lincoln                                       8
-
-
-  CHAPTER I.
-
-  LINCOLN'S BIRTH AND EARLY LIFE IN KENTUCKY.
-
-  Unpromising Cradles—Site of the Log Cabin—Tangled History
-    Untangled—Jacob S. Brother's Statement—Speaking with
-    Authority-The Lincolns Move to Knob Creek—"The Lincoln Farm
-    Association"                                                     13
-
-
-  CHAPTER II.
-
-  THE LINCOLNS MOVE TO INDIANA.
-
-  Early Hardships—"Milk Sickness"—Death of Lincoln's Mother—Henry
-    and Allen Brooner's Recollections—Second Marriage of Thomas
-    Lincoln—Marriage of Sarah Lincoln—Redmond D. Grigsby's
-    Recollections—Death of Sarah Grigsby—Mrs. Lamar's
-    Recollections—Captain Lamar's Interesting
-    Reminiscences—Honorable James Gentry Interviewed                 17
-
-
-  CHAPTER III.
-
-  INDIANA ASSOCIATES AND INCIDENTS.
-
-  The Double Wedding—One of the Brides Interviewed—"The Chronicles
-    of Reuben"—Josiah Crawford's Daughter—The Lincoln-Brooner Rifle
-    Gun—David Turnham, the Indiana Constable—The "Revised Statutes
-    of Indiana"                                                      26
-
-
-  CHAPTER IV.
-
-  THE EMIGRATION TO ILLINOIS.
-
-  Preparations for Removal—Recollections of Old Acquaintances—The
-    Old Indiana Home—Blocks from the Old House—The Cedar Tree—More
-    Tangled History Untangled—Mr. Jones' Store—Various Experiences
-    in Illinois—Recollections of an Old Friend                       32
-
-
-  CHAPTER V.
-
-  LINCOLN VISITS THE OLD INDIANA HOME.
-
-  Lincoln an Admirer of Henry Clay—A Whig Elector—Goes to
-    Indiana—Makes Speeches—Old Friends and Old-Time Scenes—Writes
-    a Poem                                                           36
-
-
-  CHAPTER VI.
-
-  LINCOLN AND THE ARMSTRONG CASE.
-
-  Famous Law Cases—The Clary Grove Boys—The Wrestling Contest—Jack
-    and Hannah Armstrong—Trial of Their Son for Murder—Lincoln's
-    Tact, and the Acquittal—Letters from the Surviving Attorney in
-    the Case—More Tangled History Untangled—Unpublished Facts
-    Connected with Parties in the Case                               39
-
-
-  CHAPTER VII.
-
-  LINCOLN'S TEMPERANCE PRINCIPLES.
-
-  Promise Made to His Mother—Writes a Temperance Article Before
-    Leaving Indiana—Mr. Wood and Mr.  Farmer—Did Lincoln Sell
-    Whisky—His Great Temperance Address—Testimony of
-    Associates—Moses Martin's Letter—The Internal Revenue Bill       51
-
-
-  CHAPTER VIII.
-
-  LINCOLN AS A PROHIBITIONIST.
-
-  Major J. B. Merwin and Abraham Lincoln—They Together Canvass
-    Illinois for State Prohibition in 1854-55—Lincoln's Arguments
-    Against the Saloon—Facts Omitted by Lincoln
-    Biographers—President Lincoln, Generals Scott and Butler
-    Recommend Merwin's Temperance Work in the Army—The President
-    Sends Merwin on a Mission to New York the Day of the
-    Assassination—Proposition for Freedmen to Dig the Panama
-    Canal—Lincoln's Last Words to Merwin—Merwin's Characteristic
-    Address at Lincoln's Tomb—"Lincoln the Christian
-    Statesman"—Merwin Living at Middlefield, Connecticut             57
-
-
-  CHAPTER IX.
-
-  LINCOLN AND THE SLAVERY QUESTION.
-
-  An Ancient Institution—The Evils of Slavery—Lincoln Always
-    Opposed to Slavery—Relic of "Cruel Slavery Days"—Discussions,
-    Laws, and Compromises—The Missouri Compromise—The Fugitive
-    Slave Law—The Kansas-Nebraska Bill—Lincoln Aroused—He Answers
-    Douglas—R. L. McCord Names Lincoln as His Candidate for
-    President—A New Political Party—"Bleeding Kansas"—The Dred
-    Scott Decision—"The Underground Railroad"—The John Brown
-    Raid—The Approaching Crisis                                      68
-
-
-  CHAPTER X.
-
-  THE LINCOLN AND DOUGLAS DEBATES.
-
-  Candidates for the United States Senate—Seven Joint Debates—The
-    Paramount Issue—The "Divided House"—"Acts of a Drama"—Douglas
-    Charged Lincoln with Selling Whisky—Lincoln's Denial—A
-    Discovery—Site of the Old Still House in Indiana—Douglas
-    Elected—Lincoln the Champion of Human Liberty                    77
-
-
-  CHAPTER XI.
-
-  LINCOLN NOMINATED AND ELECTED PRESIDENT.
-
-  Rival Candidates—Great Enthusiasm—Lincoln's Temperance Principles
-    Exemplified—Other Nominations—A Great Campaign—Lincoln's Letter
-    to David Turnham—Lincoln's Election—Secession—Lincoln
-    Inaugurated—Douglas                                              83
-
-
-  CHAPTER XII.
-
-  PRESIDENT LINCOLN AND THE CIVIL WAR.
-
-  The Beginning—Personal Recollections—The War Spirit—Progress of
-    the War—The Emancipation Proclamation—A Fight to
-    Finish—Lincoln's Kindness—He Relieves a Young Soldier—He Names
-    Triplets Who Are Yet Living—His Reëlection—The Fall of
-    Richmond—Appomattox—Close of the Rebellion                       87
-
-
-  CHAPTER XIII.
-
-  DEATH OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN.
-
-  Personal Recollections—The Tragic Event—Mr. Stanton—A Nation in
-    Sorrow—The Funeral—The Interment at Springfield, Illinois—The
-    House in Which President Lincoln Died—Changed Conditions—The
-    South Honors Lincoln—A United People—A Rich Inheritance          93
-
-
-  CHAPTER XIV.
-
-  UNPUBLISHED OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS.
-
-  A Discovery—Documents of Historic Value—Lincoln Owned Land in
-    Iowa—Copy of Letters Patent from United States, under James
-    Buchanan, to Abraham Lincoln, in 1860—Copy of Deed Executed by
-    Honorable Robert T. Lincoln and Wife, in 1892—Other
-    Transfers—The Present Owner                                     100
-
-
-  CHAPTER XV.
-
-  CELEBRATION OF THE CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF LINCOLN'S BIRTH.
-
-  Preparations—General Observance—President Roosevelt Lays
-    Corner-stone of Lincoln Museum at Lincoln's Birthplace—Extracts
-    from Addresses at Various Places—Closing Tribute                105
-
-
-
-
-Footprints of Abraham Lincoln
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER I.
-
-Lincoln's Birth and Early Life in Kentucky
-
-     Unpromising Cradles—Site of the Log Cabin—Tangled History
-       Untangled—Jacob S. Brother's Statement—Speaking with
-       Authority—The Lincolns Move to Knob Creek—The Lincoln Farm
-       Association.
-
-
-It has been said truly that God selects unpromising cradles for his
-greatest and best servants. On a cold winter night, a hundred years
-ago, in a floorless log cabin, the emancipator of a race was born. Like
-the Redeemer of mankind, there was "no room" in the mansions of the
-rich and the great for such a child to be born.
-
-Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks, natives of Virginia, were married
-by Rev. Jesse Head, a minister of the Methodist Church, June 12,
-1806, near Beechland, Washington County, Kentucky. They settled at
-Elizabethtown, Hardin County, where their first child, Sarah, was born,
-February 10, 1807. In 1808 they moved to a farm containing one hundred
-and ten acres, on the south fork of Nolin Creek, two miles south of
-Hodgenville, Hardin County, and fifty miles south of Louisville.
-Hodgenville afterward became, and is now the county-seat of Larue
-County, as that part of the territory now embraced in Larue County was
-set off from Hardin County in 1843. Here, on the twelfth of February,
-1809, Abraham Lincoln was born.
-
-The Hodgenville and Magnolia public highway runs through the farm.
-The site of the old log cabin in which Lincoln was born is about
-five hundred yards west of the road, and a short distance from the
-well-known "Rock Spring." The old Kirkpatrick mill, on Nolin Creek,
-is but a short distance away. The cabin, of course, is no longer in
-existence, although various publications have printed pictures of it,
-as though it were still standing on the original spot. Misleading
-statements have also been published that the original cabin has been
-placed on exhibition in various cities. Other publications, with more
-caution, have pictured it as the _alleged_ log cabin in which Lincoln
-was born.
-
-Evidence is here introduced to untangle tangled history. Jacob
-S. Brother, now in his ninetieth year, resides at Rockport, the
-county-seat of Spencer County, Indiana, on the Ohio River, fifteen
-miles south of Lincoln City, the site of the Lincoln farm in Indiana.
-Mr. Brother is a highly-respected Christian gentleman. I have known him
-for many years. On the thirtieth of March, 1899, when visiting him,
-he incidentally told me that his father purchased the Lincoln farm
-in Kentucky, and that the family lived in the cabin in which Abraham
-Lincoln was born. On the eighth of September, 1903, I again visited
-him, and, at my request, he gave a fuller statement, which I wrote out,
-and then read it to him, all of which he said was correct, and is here
-submitted:
-
-     "My name is Jacob S. Brother. My father's name was Henry, but he
-     was generally known as 'Harry.' I was born in Montgomery County,
-     Kentucky, March 8, 1819. In the year 1827, when I was eight years
-     old, my father purchased the old farm on which Abraham Lincoln
-     was born, in Kentucky. He purchased it of Henry Thomas. We
-     lived in the house in which Lincoln was born. After some years,
-     my father built another house almost like the first house. The
-     old house was torn down, and, to my knowledge, the logs were
-     burned for fire-wood. Later he built a hewed log house, and the
-     second old house was used as a hatter-shop. My father followed
-     the trade of making hats all his life. The pictures we often see
-     of the house in which Lincoln was born are pictures of the first
-     house built by my father. He died in the hewed log house, and my
-     youngest brother, Joseph, was born in the same house three weeks
-     after father's death. Some time after father's death, mother,
-     I, and the other children moved to near St. Joe, Missouri. The
-     brother born on the Lincoln farm enlisted in the Southern army,
-     and was captured at Lookout Mountain, and taken to Camp Morton,
-     Indianapolis, as a prisoner. My oldest brother, George, who was
-     a surgeon in the Union army, went to Washington City to see
-     President Lincoln, in order to get a reprieve for his brother.
-     Among other things, he told the President that his brother and he
-     (the President) were born on the same farm. I do not know how much
-     weight this had with the President, but my brother was reprieved.
-     I left Missouri to avoid going into the Confederate army, and came
-     to Rockport, Indiana, in 1863, where I have ever since resided."
-
-At the time of this interview, I had with me some newspaper and
-magazine articles, with illustrations, descriptive of the old Lincoln
-farm in Kentucky, including the "Rock Spring," Nolin Creek, the old
-watermill, Hodgenville, and other places, which were read and shown the
-old gentleman. He was perfectly familiar with all the points named, and
-mentioned a number of other items. When the name of the creek, near
-the farm, was pronounced with the accent on the first syllable, he
-said, "We always pronounced it No-lin´" (with the accent on the second
-syllable). All these statements are entitled to credit, as there could
-have been no object in making any false representations.
-
-When Abraham was about four years old the Lincolns moved from the Rock
-Spring farm to a farm on Knob Creek, in the eastern part of what is now
-Larue County. Here a little boy, younger than Abraham, was buried.
-
-Of late years considerable interest has been given to Lincoln's
-birthplace. "The Lincoln Farm Association" has been organized and
-incorporated, and the farm purchased by a group of patriotic citizens
-who believe that the people of our country should, through affiliating
-with the organization, develop the farm into a national park,
-embellished by an historical museum. Mrs. Russell Sage has contributed
-$25,000 for this purpose, and others are contributing. It is hoped that
-this most worthy enterprise may be successful, and thus further honor
-the immortal emancipator, and that the place will be dedicated to peace
-and good will to all, where North, South, East, and West may find a
-common ground of pride and fellowship.
-
-
-[Illustration: ABRAHAM LINCOLN]
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER II.
-
-The Lincolns Move to Indiana
-
-     Early Hardships—"Milk Sickness"—Death of Lincoln's
-       Mother—Henry and Allen Brooner's Recollections—Second Marriage
-       of Thomas Lincoln—Marriage of Sarah Lincoln—Redmond P.
-       Grigsby's Recollections—Death of Sarah Grigsby—Mrs. Lamar's
-       Recollections—Captain Lamar's Interesting
-       Reminiscences—Honorable James Gentry Interviewed.
-
-
-Thomas Lincoln moved with his family to southern Indiana in the fall of
-1816. There were two children, Sarah and Abraham, the former nine, and
-the latter seven years old. The family located in what was then Perry
-County. By a change in boundary made in 1818, that part of the county
-was made a part of the new county of Spencer. The location was one mile
-and a half east of where Gentryville now stands, and fifteen miles
-north of the Ohio River. The town of Lincoln City is now located on the
-farm, and is quite a railroad connecting point. Here the family lived
-fourteen years. The county was new, and the land was not of the best
-quality. The family was subject to the toils and privations incident to
-pioneer life. Lincoln, long afterward, in referring to his early days
-in Indiana, said they were "pretty pinching times."
-
-Peter Brooner came with his family to the same community two years
-before, and Thomas and Betsy Sparrow, who reared Mrs. Lincoln and her
-cousin, Dennis Hanks, came one year later than the Lincolns.
-
-A peculiar disease, called "the milk sickness," prevailed in the
-community in 1818. Thomas and Betsy Sparrow, Mrs. Lincoln, Mrs.
-Brooner, and others died of this disease near the same time. Thomas
-Lincoln, having learned the carpenter and cabinet-maker's trade in
-Kentucky, made all their coffins from green lumber sawed with a
-whip-saw. Their bodies were laid to rest on the little hill a few
-hundred yards south of the Lincoln home.
-
-Peter Brooner had two sons, Henry and Allen. I became acquainted with
-these brothers twenty-two years ago. I was pastor of a church at Dale,
-three miles from Lincoln City, two years, near where Allen lived, and
-of a country church near where Henry lived. I was frequently at their
-homes. They both knew Abraham Lincoln quite well. The Thomas Lincoln
-and Peter Brooner homes were only one-half mile apart. Henry was five
-years older, and Allen was four years younger than Abraham. "Uncle
-Henry," as he was always called, gave me the following items, which I
-wrote at the time, and have preserved the original notes:
-
-     "I was born in Breckenridge County, Kentucky, February 7, 1804.
-     We came to Indiana in 1814, when Allen was one year old. No man
-     has lived longer in the State than I have, for I have lived in
-     it ever since it became a State, and before. The Lincoln family
-     came to Indiana two years later, and we lived one-half mile apart.
-     During my mother's last sickness, Mrs. Lincoln often came to see
-     her, and died just one week after my mother's death. I remember
-     very distinctly that when Mrs. Lincoln's grave was filled, my
-     father, Peter Brooner, extended his hand to Thomas Lincoln and
-     said, 'We are brothers, now,' meaning that they were brothers in
-     the same kind of sorrow. The bodies of my mother and Mrs. Lincoln
-     were conveyed to their graves on sleds. I often stayed all night
-     at Thomas Lincoln's. Dennis Hanks and his sister Sophia lived
-     with Thomas and Betsy Sparrow, and at their deaths Dennis and
-     his sister heired the estate. I helped drive up the stock on the
-     day of the sale of the property. Dennis Hanks married Lincoln's
-     step-sister. I often went with Lincoln on horseback to Huffman's
-     Mill, on Anderson Creek, a distance of sixteen miles. He had a
-     great memory, and for hours he would tell me what he had read."
-
-Henry Brooner died April 4, 1890, two years after the above statements
-were given, at the age of eighty-six. Everybody loved and respected
-"Uncle Henry." Reference will be made in another chapter to further
-statements made by him on the same occasion.
-
-Allen Brooner was nine years younger than his brother Henry. He was
-born in Kentucky, October 22, 1813. He was a minister in the United
-Brethren Church more than fifty years. Among other items, he gave me
-the following, which were written at the time:
-
-     "During my mother's last sickness, Mrs. Lincoln, the mother of
-     Abraham Lincoln, came to see her. Mother said, 'I believe I
-     will have to die.' Mrs. Lincoln said, 'Oh, you may outlive me.'
-     She died just one week from the death of my mother. This was in
-     October, 1818. I was five years old when mother died. I remember
-     some one came to me in the night and told me my mother was dead.
-     Thomas Lincoln made mother's coffin, and sawed the lumber with
-     a whip-saw to make the coffin. She was taken on a sled to the
-     graveyard on a hill, one quarter of a mile south of where Lincoln
-     City now stands. Old man Howell took the corpse. He rode the horse
-     hitched to the sled, and took me up, and I rode on the horse
-     before him. I remember that his long beard bothered me. We did not
-     have wagons in those days. The first wagon I ever saw, my father
-     made, and it had wooden tires."
-
-Reference will be made again to some facts stated by this associate of
-Abraham Lincoln. "Uncle Allen" died at his old home, near Dale, Spencer
-County, Indiana, April 2, 1902, in his eighty-ninth year, respected
-by all. I am indebted to his daughter, Mrs. Sarah Knowlton, for his
-photograph, taken at seventy-five years of age.
-
-Nancy Hanks Lincoln died October 5, 1818, when her daughter Sarah was
-eleven and her son Abraham was nine years old. Abraham's mother had
-taught him to read and write, and, young as he was, he wrote for an
-old minister, David Elkin, whom the family had known in Kentucky, to
-come and preach his mother's funeral. Some time after, the minister
-came and the funeral was preached at the grave where many people had
-gathered. The minister stated that he had come because of the letter
-he had received from the little son of the dead mother. As I have
-stood by that grave, in my imagination I have seen that primitive
-congregation—the old minister, the lonely husband, and the two
-motherless children, Sarah and Abraham, on that sad occasion.
-
-After the death of Thomas and Betsy Sparrow, Dennis Hanks and his
-sister Sophia became inmates of the Lincoln home.
-
-For many years Mrs. Lincoln's grave was neglected. But few persons were
-buried at that graveyard. In 1879, Mr. P. E. Studebaker, of South Bend,
-Indiana, erected a marble slab at the grave, and some of the citizens
-of Rockport enclosed it with an iron railing. Later a larger and more
-appropriate monument has also been placed at the grave, and several
-acres surrounding, forming a park, have been enclosed with an iron
-fence. The park is under the control of an association which has been
-incorporated.
-
-In December, 1819, Thomas Lincoln went to Kentucky and married a
-widow, Sarah Bush Johnston, whom he had known there before coming to
-Indiana. She had three children, John, Matilda, and Sarah. She was a
-most excellent woman, and proved worthy of a mother's place in the home
-of Thomas Lincoln. Dennis Hanks married one of the daughters, and Levi
-Hall married the other.
-
-In August, 1826, at the age of nineteen, Sarah Lincoln, or Sally, as
-she was commonly called, was married to Aaron Grigsby, the oldest of
-a large family of boys. Learning that Redmond D. Grigsby resided near
-Chrisney, Spencer County, Indiana, I called upon him October 18, 1898.
-After being introduced by a friend, I asked him, "What relation were
-you to Aaron Grigsby, who married Abraham Lincoln's sister?" "He was my
-oldest brother, sir," answered the old gentleman. He said he was born
-in 1818, and was at that time eighty years old. He said that he and
-Lincoln were often thrown together, he at the home of his brother and
-Lincoln at the home of his sister. Mr. Grigsby said that when Abraham
-would start off with other boys, he had often heard Sally admonish him
-as to his conduct. Then Abraham would say, "Oh, you be good yourself,
-Sally, and Abe will take care of himself." We shall have occasion to
-refer to Mr. Grigsby again. He still resides at Chrisney; is now ninety
-years of age and quite feeble.
-
-Sally Grigsby died in childbirth January 20, 1828, less than two years
-after her marriage. Her body sleeps in the old Pigeon Creek Cemetery,
-one mile and a half south of where her mother is buried.
-
-Mrs. Lamar, the wife of Captain Lamar, who resided at Buffaloville, a
-short distance east of Lincoln City, said to me, in her home, September
-8, 1903:
-
-     "I remember old Tommy Lincoln. I sat on his lap many times. I was
-     at Sally Lincoln's infare dinner. I remember the night she died.
-     My mother was there at the time. She had a very strong voice, and
-     I heard her calling father. He awoke the boys and said, 'Something
-     is the matter.' He went after a doctor, but it was too late. They
-     let her lay too long. My old aunt was the midwife."
-
-Mrs. Lamar is still living in Spencer County, Indiana. At the same
-time, I interviewed Captain John W. Lamar. I copied the date of his
-birth from the record in his Bible. He was born December 9, 1822, and
-although but a small boy when the Lincolns removed to Illinois, he
-remembers Abraham Lincoln quite well. At the time of my interview,
-I had a clipping from the Indianapolis _News_ of April 12, 1902,
-containing some items pertaining to his recollections of Lincoln, which
-were read to him. The clipping is as follows:
-
-     "Captain J. W. Lamar, of Buffaloville, Spencer County, a delegate
-     to the Republican State Convention, knew Abraham Lincoln when the
-     latter lived in Spencer County. He is past eighty years old, but
-     his memory is keen, and he is unusually vigorous for a man of his
-     age. He is six feet tall, broad-shouldered, with flowing white
-     hair and beard, making him one of the picturesque figures of the
-     convention crowd. Lincoln is his favorite theme, and he delights
-     to talk of him.
-
-     "'I well remember the first time I saw Abe,' he said. 'My father
-     took me to Troy, at the mouth of Anderson River, to do a little
-     trading, and Lincoln was at that time working at the ferry.
-     Dressed in the frontiersman's coon-skin cap, deerskin shirt, and
-     home-made trousers, he was indelibly impressed upon my memory as
-     being one of the gawkiest and most awkward figures I ever saw.
-     From that time on I saw him very often, as he lived near, and
-     worked for my father frequently. He and my father and his father
-     all helped to build the old Pigeon meeting-house, near which
-     Abe's only sister, Sally, was buried. Tom Lincoln, Abe's father,
-     often did odd jobs of carpentering for us.
-
-     "'One day, about a year after I first saw Lincoln, my father
-     and I went over to old Jimmy Gentry's store, where the town of
-     Gentryville now stands. When we got there, I noticed Lincoln out
-     by an old stump, working very industriously at something. On going
-     nearer, I saw that he was figuring or writing on a clapboard,
-     which he had shaved smooth, and was paying no attention to what
-     was going on around him. My father remarked to me then that Abe
-     would be somebody some day, but, of course, did not have any idea
-     how true his words would come out.
-
-     "'Many times have I seen him studying at odd moments, with a book
-     or something to write on, when others were having a good time.
-     That was what made him so great.
-
-     "'In August, before the spring that the Lincoln's left for
-     Illinois, a township election was held at a log house near
-     where the town of Santa Fe now stands.... All the men in the
-     neighborhood were gathered there, and conspicuous among them
-     was one, Sampson, a braggart and bully. He was storming around,
-     praising a horse he had.
-
-     "'"Why," said he, "I ran him four miles in five minutes this
-     morning, and he never drew a long breath!"
-
-     "'Abe, who was sitting on a rail fence near me, remarked quietly
-     to him, "I suppose, though, Mr. Sampson, he drew a good many short
-     ones."
-
-     "'This was just the opening Sampson was looking for, so he began
-     to bluster up to Lincoln. After standing abuse for a few minutes,
-     Abe told him to hush up or he would take him by the nape of the
-     neck and throw him over the fence. [At this point the old captain
-     interrupted my reading, and said, "Lincoln did not say he would
-     throw him over the fence, but said he would throw him into a pond
-     of water near by."] This had an effect, and Sampson shut up,
-     because he knew Abe could, and would do what he said.
-
-     "'My father's house was on the road between Gentryville and the
-     nearest trading-point on the Ohio River, at Troy. To this place
-     the settlers took their deer and bear hides, venison hams, and
-     other game, for which they received clothes, powder, and other
-     necessary articles. Lincoln and his father had constructed a wagon
-     for old man Gentry, made entirely out of wood, even to the hickory
-     rims to the wheels.
-
-     "'This they loaded with produce, and started for Troy. Arriving
-     at my father's house, a rain had swollen the creek near there, so
-     that they decided to stay all night, and wait for the water to
-     subside. During the night wolves stole nearly all the venison from
-     the wagon. That which belonged to the Lincolns was not touched,
-     however; it was in the bottom of the wagon. My father was a very
-     serious man, and scarcely ever smiled, but Abe, with his droll
-     ways and pleasant humor, always made him laugh.
-
-     "'A great grief, which affected Abe through his life, was
-     caused by the death of his only sister, Sally. They were close
-     companions, and were a great deal alike in temperament. About a
-     year after her marriage to one of the Grigsbys, she died. This
-     was a hard blow to Abe, who always thought her death was due to
-     neglect. Abe was in a little smoke-house when the news came to him
-     that she had died. He came to the door and sat down, burying his
-     face in his hands. The tears trickled through his large fingers,
-     and sobs shook his frame. From then on he was alone in the world,
-     you might say.'"
-
-In addition to the foregoing interesting reminiscences, the captain
-related to me other important items, some of which are here given as he
-related them:
-
-     "Old Si Crawford, the man who loaned Lincoln the book which
-     was damaged, was my uncle. I remember one time Lincoln came to
-     our place when my father was sitting on a shaving-horse, doing
-     some work. Other boys and I were standing near by. Mr. Lincoln,
-     addressing us, said, 'Well, boys, what have you learned to-day?'
-     No one answering, he said, 'I wouldn't give a cent for a boy who
-     doesn't know more to-day than he knew yesterday.' This remark
-     greatly impressed me, and I have never forgotten it.
-
-     "Old Uncle Jimmy Gentry, who founded the town of Gentryville, kept
-     a store there. He was somewhat illiterate. I remember hearing him
-     and Major Daniels talking, when the major asked him what per cent.
-     he was making on the sale of his goods. Uncle Jimmy replied, 'God
-     bless your soul, I don't know anything about your per cent., but I
-     know when I buy an article in Louisville for a dollar, and sell it
-     in Gentryville for two dollars, I double my money every time.'"
-
-Captain Lamar died November 4, 1903, a little more than two months
-after my visit to him, at the age of eighty-one. Mrs. Lamar is still
-living in Spencer County.
-
-The same day, after leaving the Lamars, I called upon the Honorable
-James Gentry, at Rockport. He was the son of James Gentry, the founder
-of Gentryville. He was born February 24, 1819, and was ten years
-younger than Lincoln. He related much about Lincoln, some things which
-will be found in another chapter. He repeated the story about his
-brother, Allen Gentry, and Lincoln taking a flatboat, loaded with farm
-products, down the Ohio River to New Orleans, the attack of the negroes
-and how they were driven away. Mr. Gentry said, "If ever a man was
-raised up by Providence, it was Lincoln, for he had no chance." Mr.
-Gentry was elected on the Democratic ticket to the Indiana Legislature
-of 1871. He gave me his picture, reproduced herein, but it represents
-him much younger than when I saw him. He died May 3, 1905, at the age
-of eighty-six.
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER III.
-
-Indiana Associates and Incidents
-
-     The Double Wedding—One of the Brides Interviewed—"The Chronicles
-       of Reuben"—Josiah Crawford's Daughter—The Lincoln-Brooner Rifle
-       Gun—David Turnham, the Indiana Constable—The "Revised Statutes
-       of Indiana."
-
-
-Reuben Grigsby had quite a family of sons. Aaron, the oldest, who
-married Lincoln's sister, and Redmond D., the youngest, have already
-been mentioned. Two sons, Reuben and Charles, were married the same
-day, the former married in Spencer County and the latter in Dubois, the
-adjoining county on the north. A double infare dinner was given at old
-Reuben Grigsby's, the day following the marriages. The Grigsbys were
-regarded as belonging to the "upper ten" class in those days, for they
-lived in a two-story hewed-log house.
-
-On the sixth of April, 1899, I met Elizabeth Grigsby, commonly called
-"Aunt Betsy," one of the brides, the widow of Reuben, Jr., at the home
-of Mr. and Mrs. Justin Banks, near Grandview, Spencer County. She was
-in her eighty-seventh year. She was cheerful, and bright in her mind,
-and had a good knowledge of current events. I requested her to give
-me a sketch of her life, and stated that it might prove useful and
-interesting as a matter of history. She thought that, perhaps, what I
-said might be true, and cheerfully gave the following:
-
-     "My father, Ezekiel Ray, was born in Ireland, and came to America
-     at the age of three years, and his father settled in Tennessee.
-     My father and a number of others, among them Mr. Grass and Mr.
-     Lamar, came to Indiana, and settled where Grandview now stands. My
-     father died when I was five years old. I had one sister and five
-     brothers. I was next to the youngest child. My mother remained a
-     widow, and died twelve years after the death of my father. I had
-     sixty acres of land left to me, my part of father's estate.
-
-     "I was married to Reuben Grigsby on the 15th of April, 1829,
-     before my seventeenth birthday, which was June 1, following.
-     Charles, my husband's brother, was married the same day. We had
-     infare dinner at the home of my husband's father, Reuben Grigsby,
-     three miles south of Gentryville. My husband and I arrived about
-     two hours before the other couple arrived. John Johnston, Abraham
-     Lincoln's step-brother, told a story about a mistake made by the
-     brothers in going to bed upstairs that night, which led to a fight
-     between himself and William Grigsby, a brother of the two who were
-     married. This story told by John Johnston occasioned the writing
-     of 'The Chronicles of Reuben,' by Abraham Lincoln, a short time
-     afterward. I saw Lincoln at my father-in-law's two days after our
-     marriage. He was not a good looking young man.
-
-     "Sally Lincoln, Abraham's only sister, married Aaron Grigsby, my
-     husband's oldest brother, but that was before my marriage. I never
-     saw her, for she died about three years after her marriage. I have
-     seen Thomas Lincoln, but was not acquainted with him. My husband
-     and Abraham Lincoln attended the same school. My husband never had
-     a sister that he thought more of than he did of Sally Lincoln.
-
-     "After our marriage on Thursday, we moved to my place, where
-     Grandview now is. I have been a member of the United Brethren
-     Church about forty-five years. My husband joined the church about
-     eight years before I joined. He was a class-leader for many years.
-     He died sixteen years ago last January. I have raised eight
-     children, but only four are living, one son and three daughters.
-
-     "I am not much account any more, but I am still here. My health
-     has been better the past winter than common. My eyesight is good.
-     I have never used spectacles, but I have trouble sometimes in
-     threading a fine needle. My teeth are all gone, except two old
-     snags. I am living on my farm of forty acres, two miles northwest
-     of Grandview. I have a house of four rooms. I rent my farm and
-     three rooms, reserving one room for myself. I do my own cooking,
-     and eat alone."
-
-"Aunt Betsy" died March 27, 1901, two years after the interview
-mentioned, in her eighty-ninth year. Her picture, secured for this
-book, through her daughter, Mrs. Enco, residing in Spencer County, is a
-good one.
-
-"The Chronicles of Reuben," mentioned by "Aunt Betsy," were written
-in scripture style, but no copy has been preserved. Thomas Bunton,
-an aged citizen of Gentryville, told me that he remembered hearing
-the "Chronicles" read when he was a boy. Redmond D. Grigsby told me,
-in my interview with him, that he was in possession of them for some
-time, but they were lost or destroyed. He said the "Chronicles" were
-no credit to Mr. Lincoln. Those purporting to be the "Chronicles"
-in Herndon and Weiks' "Life of Lincoln," were written by Herndon as
-remembered by Mrs. Crawford, the wife of Josiah Crawford. Dr. W. S.
-Bryant, of Dale, told me, some years ago, that he accompanied Herndon,
-in 1865, to the Crawford place, when the "Chronicles" were written
-as before stated. It had then been thirty-six years since they were
-written.
-
-The Grigsbys were much irritated when the "Chronicles" were written,
-and have protested against their becoming a matter of history. It is
-alleged that they were written to humiliate the Grigsbys for slighting
-Lincoln in the invitations to the infare. The account of the fight
-between John Johnston and William Grigsby is mentioned in full in
-Lamon's "Life of Lincoln," but whether all the details there mentioned
-are true no one can say.
-
-The day I visited Captain and Mrs. Lamar, already referred to, at
-their request, I visited the captain's cousin, Mrs. Ruth Jennings
-Huff, residing in Buffaloville. She was the only surviving child of
-Josiah Crawford. She said she was the middle child of five children,
-three brothers and one sister. She showed me a corner cupboard made
-by Thomas Lincoln and his son Abraham for her father. Her father died
-about thirty years before my visit. In the distribution of the property
-among the children, among other things, she chose the cupboard. After
-telling many things she had heard her parents say about Lincoln, I
-ventured to ask if she ever heard of the "Chronicles of Reuben." Her
-quick, characteristic reply was, "Lord, yes; I've heard mother tell it
-a thousand times." Mrs. Huff died at the residence of her son, S. H.
-Jennings, in Rockport, Indiana, December 26, 1906, in her eightieth
-year. Mr. Jennings is the present owner of the cupboard referred to,
-and he writes me that he would not part with it for any reasonable
-price. I am indebted to him for a good photograph of his mother.
-
-In the latter part of the 'twenties, Abraham Lincoln and Henry Brooner
-walked to Vincennes, Indiana, a distance of more than fifty miles,
-and while there they purchased a rifle gun in partnership for fifteen
-dollars. They hunted for game on their way back home. When the Lincolns
-moved to Illinois in 1830, Mr. Brooner purchased Mr. Lincoln's interest
-in the gun. He kept it until 1872, when he presented it to his adopted
-son Samuel, on the day of his marriage. I purchased the gun of Samuel
-Brooner, September 7, 1903. Of course, the gun was originally a
-"flint-lock." It was changed to shoot with percussion caps. John
-F. Martin, now living at Dale, in his seventy-eighth year, and a
-son-in-law of Henry Brooner; John W. Kemp, now sixty-three, a justice
-of the peace, born and reared on a farm adjoining Henry Brooner, and
-Samuel Brooner, each made oath as to their knowledge of the gun. I have
-known all these persons for more than twenty years, and know their
-testimony to be first class. The gun is now in possession of John E.
-Burton, of Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.
-
-Nearly all the Lincoln biographies mention the fact that Lincoln
-often read and studied the "Revised Statutes of Indiana," which he
-borrowed of David Turnham, a constable, who lived near the Lincolns in
-Indiana. Mr. Turnham's father and family came to Indiana and settled
-in Spencer County, in 1819. Turnham and Lincoln went hunting together
-and attended the same school, although Turnham was six years older, as
-he was born August 2, 1803. "The Revised Statutes," besides containing
-the constitution and laws of Indiana, contained the Declaration of
-Independence and the Constitution of the United States. No doubt it was
-in this book that Lincoln first read those important documents. Mr.
-Turnham gave the book to Mr. Herndon in 1865, when he was gathering
-material for the "Life of Lincoln." After being in several hands, the
-book is now said to be in possession of W. H. Winters, librarian of the
-New York Law Institute.
-
-Twenty years ago I visited the home of David Turnham's widow, now
-deceased, who knew Mr. Lincoln, and I was well acquainted with the two
-sons, John J. and George W., who then resided at Dale. David Turnham
-died August 2, 1884, at the age of eighty-one. I am under obligation
-to my esteemed friend, George W. Turnham, now of Evansville, Indiana,
-for information concerning his father, for a copy of Lincoln's letter
-to his father, found elsewhere in this book, and for his father's and
-mother's pictures, which have never before appeared in any publication.
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER IV.
-
-The Emigration to Illinois
-
-     Preparations for Removal—Recollections of Old Acquaintances—The
-       Old Indiana Home—Blocks from the Old House—The Cedar Tree—More
-       Tangled History Untangled—Mr. Jones' Store—Various Experiences
-       in Illinois—Recollections of an Old Friend.
-
-
-After residing in Indiana fourteen years, and having rather a rough
-experience, Thomas Lincoln, through the inducements of others,
-concluded to move to Illinois. Abraham was now twenty-one years old.
-The farm products were sold to David Turnham. The family started March
-1, 1830. Other families accompanied them.
-
-Expressions made to me, and written at the time by different persons
-who remembered the departure of the Lincolns, are here given:
-
-Allen Brooner said: "I remember when the Lincoln family left for
-Illinois. Abraham and his step-brother, John Johnston, came to my
-father's to trade a young horse for a yoke of oxen. The trade was made.
-John Johnston did most of the talking."
-
-Redmond D. Grigsby said: "I was twelve years old when the Lincolns left
-for Illinois. I helped to hitch the two yokes of oxen to the wagon, and
-went with them half a mile."
-
-James Gentry said: "I was eleven years old when the Lincoln family
-started to Illinois. They stayed at my father's the night before they
-started."
-
-Mrs. Lamar said: "I remember when the Lincolns left for Illinois. All
-the neighbors went to see them start. All the surroundings, to my
-mind, are as plain as things are now in my kitchen."
-
-The old Indiana house, built by Thomas Lincoln, in 1817, was torn
-down, and the logs shipped away, many years ago, except one log.
-Isaac Houghland, a reliable man and merchant of Lincoln City, was in
-possession of this log, and stated to me that a man by the name of
-Skelton said he would make oath that it was one of the logs of the old
-Lincoln house. Mr. Houghland kindly gave me two blocks, which I saw his
-son chop from the log.
-
-A cedar-tree stands near where the Lincoln house stood. A number of
-unreliable stories concerning this tree have been told in various
-Lincoln biographies, magazine and newspaper articles. Some state that
-the tree was planted by Abraham Lincoln; others, that James Gentry
-planted the tree the day the Lincolns started to Illinois, in honor of
-his friend, Abraham. James Gentry, many years ago, purchased several
-hundred acres of land around and including the Lincoln farm. He told
-me, in the interview before mentioned, that he planted the cedar-tree
-in 1858. I wrote that fact in his presence, and have preserved
-the original paper on which it is written. The tree was planted
-twenty-eight years after the Lincolns vacated the premises. Some of the
-citizens of Lincoln City do not know the true history of the tree. Some
-yet believe Lincoln planted it, and hundreds of visitors have almost
-stripped the tree of its twigs and branches with the same delusive
-idea. Here is more "tangled history untangled."
-
-William Jones kept a store at Gentryville some years before, and at
-the time the Lincolns went away, Abraham often worked for Mr. Jones,
-and read newspapers at the store. Before leaving he bought thirty-five
-dollars' worth of goods from Mr. Jones to sell on the way out to
-Illinois. He wrote back that he doubled his money on the investment.
-Mr. Jones was born in Vincennes, Indiana, January 5, 1800. He was a
-member of the Indiana Legislature from 1838 to 1841. He was killed
-while in command as colonel of the Fifty-third Indiana Regiment, at
-Atlanta, Georgia, July 22, 1864. I gather these facts, mainly, from an
-article furnished a newspaper by Captain William Jones, of Rockport,
-Indiana, a son of Colonel William Jones. I knew Captain Jones at Dale,
-many years ago.
-
-The Lincolns were about two weeks on their journey to Illinois. They
-first settled near Decatur. Thomas Lincoln moved a time or two after,
-and finally settled on Goosenest Prairie, near Farmington, in Coles
-County, where he died January 12, 1851, at the age of seventy-three.
-Lincoln's step-mother, whom he loved very dearly, died April 10, 1869,
-in her eighty-first year, and four years after the death of her famous
-step-son.
-
-After his removal to Illinois, Abraham Lincoln did not remain much of
-the time at home. I shall not follow his history here in detail. His
-rail-splitting proclivities; his Black Hawk War record; his experience
-as a merchant and postmaster; his career as a lawyer; his election at
-various times to the Illinois Legislature; his election to Congress;
-his marriage, and many other matters of history are found in most any
-of his numerous biographies. Whatever reference may be made to any of
-these periods in his history will be for the purpose of introducing new
-material.
-
-The following, relative to some of Lincoln's early experiences in
-Indiana, was related to me by one of Lincoln's early Indiana friends,
-Allen Brooner:
-
-     "I went to Illinois in 1835-36. Most of the time I was there I
-     worked at the carpenter trade at Petersburg. We were getting
-     out timber for a mill. The owner made me 'boss.' At that time
-     Abraham Lincoln was postmaster at New Salem. He was also keeping
-     a store at the time. While I was there, Lincoln made a mistake
-     in his own favor of five cents in trading with a woman. When he
-     discovered his mistake, he walked two and a half miles to correct
-     the mistake. The county surveyor came to see Lincoln while I was
-     out there, and wanted to make him his deputy. Lincoln said, 'I
-     know nothing of surveying.' 'But,' said the surveyor, 'they tell
-     me you can learn anything.' Not long afterward I saw Lincoln out
-     surveying. When Lincoln would hand me my mail he would often
-     inquire about the Spencer County people and the old acquaintances.
-     In his conversation he always put the best construction on
-     everything."
-
-
-[Illustration: UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH,
-
-_At Lincoln City, Indiana, on the old Lincoln farm. The author, as
-presiding elder, has officiated and preached in this church._]
-
-
-[Illustration: JACOB S. BROTHER.
-
-_Still living at Rockport, Indiana. When a small boy lived with
-his father's family in the cabin in which Abraham Lincoln was born._]
-
-
-[Illustration: REV. ALLEN BROONER.
-
-_An old associate of Lincoln in Indiana. Their mothers died one
-week apart, and are buried at same place._]
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER V.
-
-Lincoln Visits the Old Indiana Home
-
-     Lincoln an Admirer of Henry Clay—A Whig Elector—Goes to
-       Indiana—Makes Speeches—Old Friends and Old—Time Scenes—Writes a
-       Poem.
-
-
-In 1844, Henry Clay was a candidate for President of the United States,
-on the Whig ticket. Abraham Lincoln was a great admirer of Mr. Clay,
-and referred to him as his "beau-ideal of a statesman." He was placed
-on the Whig ticket as presidential elector, and made speeches in favor
-of Mr. Clay's election. During the canvass he visited his old home and
-acquaintances in Indiana for the first time since he left, fourteen
-years before, and it was his only visit to the home of his youth.
-
-On the 22d of October, 1898, Thomas Bunton, then seventy-five years
-old, said to me: "I heard Lincoln speak in Gentryville in 1844. I saw
-him coming to the place of meeting with Mr. Jones. I heard Lincoln
-say, 'Don't introduce me to any one; I want to see how many I can
-recognize.' He went around shaking hands, and when he came to me he
-said, 'This is a Bunton.'"
-
-Captain Lamar said, at the time of my visit to him already mentioned:
-"At the close of Lincoln's speech, near Buffaloville, he said,
-'Friends and fellow-citizens, I may never see you again, but give us
-a protective tariff and you will some day see the greatest nation the
-sun ever shone over.' While saying this he pointed to the east and,
-raising his hand, he closed the sentence pointing to the west. From the
-speaking I went with him to Si Crawford's for dinner. He talked much
-about old times, places, and people familiar to him in other days. The
-last words Abe said to me were these, 'You are comparatively young, God
-bless you, I may never see you again.'"
-
-Mr. Lincoln was so impressed by his visit to the old home that he
-wrote a descriptive poem, which is published in some of the Lincoln
-biographies. The following letter, written in 1846, explains why he
-wrote the poem:
-
-     "The piece of poetry of my own which I allude to I was led to
-     write under the following circumstances: In the fall of 1844,
-     thinking I might aid to carry the State of Indiana for Mr. Clay,
-     I went to the neighborhood in that State in which I was raised,
-     where my mother and my only sister are buried, and from which
-     I had been about fifteen years. That part of the country is,
-     within itself, as unpoetical as any spot of the earth; but still,
-     seeing it and its objects and inhabitants aroused feelings in
-     me which were certainly poetry, though whether my expression of
-     these feelings is poetry is quite another question. When I got to
-     writing, the change of subject divided the thing into four little
-     divisions, or cantos, the first only of which I send you, and may
-     send the others hereafter."
-
-        "My childhood's home I see again,
-          And sadden with the view;
-        And still, as memory crowds my brain,
-          There's pleasure in it, too.
-
-        "Q memory! thou midway world
-          'Twixt earth and paradise,
-        Where things decayed, and loved ones lost,
-          In dreamy shadows rise;
-
-        "And, freed from all that's earthly vile,
-          Seem hallowed, pure, and bright,
-        Like scenes in some enchanted isle,
-          All bathed in liquid light.
-
-        "As dusky mountains please the eye,
-          When twilight chases day;
-        As bugle notes that, passing by,
-          In distance die away;
-
-        "As leaving some grand waterfall,
-          We, lingering, list its roar;
-        So memory will hallow all
-          We've known, but know no more.
-
-        "Near twenty years have passed away
-          Since here I bid farewell
-        To woods and fields, and scenes of play,
-          And playmates loved so well;
-
-        "Where many were, but few remain,
-          Of old, familiar things;
-        But seeing them to mind again
-          The lost and absent brings.
-
-        "The friends I left that parting day,
-          How changed! as time has sped
-        Young childhood grown, strong manhood gray,
-          And half of all are dead.
-
-        "I hear the loud survivors tell
-          How naught from death could save,
-        Till every sound appears a knell,
-          And every spot a grave.
-
-        "I range the fields with pensive tread,
-          And pace the hollow rooms,
-        And feel (companions of the dead),
-          I'm living in the tombs."
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER VI.
-
-Lincoln and the Armstrong Case
-
-     Famous Law Cases—The Clary Grove Boys—The Wrestling Contest—Jack
-       and Hannah Armstrong—Trial of Their Son for Murder—Lincoln's
-       Tact and the Acquittal—Letters from the Surviving Attorney in
-       the Case—More Tangled History Untangled—Unpublished Facts
-       Connected with Parties in the Case.
-
-
-Lincoln, as a lawyer, was employed in a number of noted cases involving
-great interests. One was the defense of a slave girl, Nancy, in 1841,
-in the Supreme Court of Illinois, who, through him, was made free.
-At this time Mr. Lincoln was only thirty-two years of age. The case
-excited great interest, and the decision forever settled the few traces
-of slavery which had then existed in southern Illinois.
-
-Another case was the Central Illinois Railroad Company against McLean
-County, Illinois, tried at Bloomington. This case was decided in favor
-of the railroad. Mr. Lincoln received from the company a fee of $5,000,
-the largest fee he ever received.
-
-Another suit in which he was employed was the McCormick Reaper Patent
-case, tried in 1857, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Here Mr. Lincoln first met
-the Honorable Edwin M. Stanton, who was employed on the same side of
-the case. Mr. Stanton treated Mr. Lincoln with great disrespect. Mr.
-Lincoln overheard him, in an adjoining room, ask, "Where did that
-long-armed creature come from, and what can he do in this case?" He
-also declared if "that giraffe" was permitted to appear in the case he
-would throw up his brief and leave it. He further referred to Lincoln
-as a "long, lank creature from Illinois, wearing a dirty linen duster
-for a coat, the back of which the perspiration had splotched with
-stains that resembled the map of a continent." As there were a number
-of attorneys on both sides, it was ordered that only two speeches be
-made on each side. This order would exclude either Lincoln or Stanton,
-as there were three attorneys on that side of the case. At Lincoln's
-suggestion, Stanton quickly decided to speak. Mr. Lincoln was greatly
-disappointed, for he had made much preparation. Four years later, Mr.
-Lincoln was inaugurated President of the United States, and he chose
-Mr. Stanton as a member of his cabinet, and they were close friends
-during the Civil War.
-
-The most celebrated case in which Mr. Lincoln figured was the Armstrong
-case, in 1858. All the Lincoln biographers refer to it, and as I have
-some unpublished facts in reference to it and some of the parties
-connected with the case, it is here presented at length.
-
-There was near New Salem a band of young men known as the "Clary Grove
-Boys." The special tie that united them was physical courage and
-strength. Every newcomer of any great strength had to be tested. So
-Lincoln was required to go through the ordeal of a wrestling match.
-Seeing that he could not be easily floored, Jack Armstrong, their
-champion, was chosen to lay Lincoln on his back. Many gathered to
-witness the contest, and a number of bets were made. After quite a
-spirited engagement, Lincoln won, and was invited to become one of the
-company. Jack Armstrong declared, "Abe Lincoln is the best man that
-ever broke into the settlement," and he became a lifelong, warm friend
-of Lincoln.
-
-Some time after the scuffle, Lincoln found a home, for a time, with
-Jack Armstrong, where he read and studied. Armstrong was a farmer, and
-a poor man, but he saw genius struggling in the young student, and
-welcomed him to his cabin home and rough fare. Mrs. Armstrong, a most
-excellent woman, learned to respect Mr. Lincoln, and befriended him in
-many ways.
-
-About twenty years after Lincoln's stay in the Armstrong home, William
-D. Armstrong, commonly called "Duff," a son of Jack and Hannah
-Armstrong, became involved in a difficulty. He was somewhat wild, and
-was often in bad company. One night, in August, 1857, in company with
-a wild crowd, he went to a camp-meeting, where a row ensued, in which
-a man named Metzker received injuries from which he died three days
-later. Young Armstrong and another young man, Norris, were arrested,
-charged with murder, and put in jail. The community was greatly stirred
-over the matter and demanded the speedy punishment of the prisoners. A
-short time after "Duff" was placed in jail, his father, Jack Armstrong,
-died, and his last request was for his wife to sell everything she
-had to clear "Duff." Mrs. Armstrong engaged two lawyers at Havana,
-Illinois, and Lincoln, hearing of her troubles, wrote her the following
-letter:
-
-                                "SPRINGFIELD, OHIO, September 18, ——.
-
-     "DEAR MRS. ARMSTRONG:—I have just heard of your deep affliction,
-     and the arrest of your son for murder. I can hardly believe that
-     he can be guilty of the crime alleged against him. It does not
-     seem possible. I am anxious that he should have a fair trial, at
-     any rate; and gratitude for your long-continued kindness to me
-     in adverse circumstances prompts me to offer my humble services
-     gratuitously in his behalf. It will afford me an opportunity to
-     requite, in a small degree, the favors I received at your hand,
-     and that of your lamented husband, when your roof afforded me
-     grateful shelter without money and without price.
-
-                                    Yours truly,
-
-                                        "ABRAHAM LINCOLN."
-
-The first act was to secure a postponement and a change in place of
-trial. The trial was held at Beardstown, in May, 1858, only two years
-before Mr. Lincoln was nominated for President of the United States,
-and the case was watched with great interest. Norris had already been
-convicted and sent to the penitentiary.
-
-     "When the trial was called the prisoner was pale and emaciated,
-     with hopelessness written on every feature. He was accompanied by
-     his half-hoping, half-despairing mother, whose only hope was in a
-     mother's belief of her son's innocence, in the justice of the God
-     she worshiped, and in the noble counsel, who, without hope of fee
-     or reward upon earth, had undertaken the case."
-
-A statement of the trial is here taken, with a few changes, from
-Barrett's excellent "Life of Lincoln":
-
-     "Mr. Lincoln sat quietly by while the large auditory looked on
-     him as though wondering what he could say in defense of one whose
-     guilt they regarded as certain. The examination of the witnesses
-     for the State was begun, and a well-arranged mass of evidence,
-     circumstantial and positive, was introduced, which seemed to
-     impale the prisoner beyond the possibility of extrication.
-     The strongest evidence was that of a man who belonged to the
-     rough element, who swore that at eleven o'clock at night he saw
-     Armstrong strike the deceased on the head, that the moon was
-     shining brightly, and was nearly full, and that its position in
-     the sky was just about that of the sun at ten o'clock in the
-     morning, and that by it he saw Armstrong give the mortal blow.
-
-     "The counsel for the defense propounded but few questions, and
-     those of a character which excited no uneasiness on the part of
-     the prosecutor—merely, in most cases, requiring the main witness
-     to be definite as to time and place.
-
-     "When the evidence of the prosecution was ended, Lincoln
-     introduced a few witnesses to remove some erroneous impressions
-     in regard to the previous character of his client, who, though
-     somewhat rowdyish, had never been known to commit a vicious act;
-     and to show that a greater degree of ill feeling existed between
-     the accuser and the accused than the accused and the deceased.
-
-     "The prosecutor felt that the case was a clear one, and his
-     opening speech was brief and formal. Lincoln arose, while a
-     deathly silence pervaded the vast audience, and in a clear,
-     but moderate tone, began his argument. Slowly and carefully he
-     reviewed the testimony, pointing out the hitherto unobserved
-     discrepancies in the statements of the principal witness. That
-     which had seemed plain and plausible, he made to appear as a
-     serpent's path. The witness had stated that the affair took place
-     at a certain hour in the evening, and that, by the aid of the
-     brightly-shining moon, he saw the prisoner inflict the death blow."
-
-At this point Mr. Lincoln produced an almanac, which showed that at the
-time referred to by the witness there was no moon at all, and showed it
-to the jury. He then said that the principal witness had testified to
-what was absolutely false, and declared his whole story a fabrication.
-Lincoln had told no one of his discovery, so that it produced quite a
-sensation.
-
-     "An almost instantaneous change seemed to have been wrought in
-     the minds of the auditors, and the verdict of 'not guilty' was at
-     the end of every tongue. But the advocate was not content with
-     this intellectual achievement. His whole being had for months been
-     bound up in this work of gratitude and mercy, and, as the lava
-     of the overcharged crater bursts from its imprisonment, so great
-     thoughts and burning words leaped from the soul of the eloquent
-     Lincoln. He drew a picture of the perjurer, so horrid and ghastly
-     that the accuser could sit under it no longer, but reeled and
-     staggered from the court-room, while the audience fancied they
-     could see the brand upon his brow. Then, in words of thrilling
-     pathos, Lincoln appealed to the jurors, as fathers of sons who
-     might become fatherless, and as husbands of wives who might be
-     widowed, to yield to no previous impressions, no ill-founded
-     prejudice, but to do his client justice. As he alluded to the debt
-     of gratitude he owed the boy's dead father and his living widowed
-     mother, tears were seen to fall from many eyes unused to weep. It
-     was near night when he concluded by saying that if justice was
-     done,—as he believed it would be,—before the sun should set it
-     would shine upon his client a free man.
-
-     "The jury retired, and the court adjourned for the day. Half an
-     hour had not elapsed when a messenger announced that the jury
-     had returned to their seats. All repaired immediately to the
-     court-house, and while the prisoner was being brought from the
-     jail, the court-room was filled to overflowing with citizens
-     of the town. When the prisoner and his mother entered, silence
-     reigned as completely as though the house were empty. The foreman
-     of the jury, in answer to the usual inquiry from the court,
-     delivered the verdict of 'Not guilty.'
-
-     "The widow dropped into the arms of her son, who lifted her up,
-     and told her to look upon him as before, free and innocent. Then
-     with the words, 'Where is Mr. Lincoln?' he rushed across the room,
-     and grasped the hand of his deliverer, while his heart was too
-     full for utterance. Lincoln turned his eyes toward the west, where
-     the sun still lingered in view, and then, turning to the youth,
-     said, 'It is not yet sundown, and you are free.' An eye-witness
-     says: 'I confess that my cheeks were not wholly unwet by tears as
-     I turned from the affecting scene. As I cast a glance behind, I
-     saw Abraham Lincoln obeying the divine injunction, by comforting
-     the widowed and the fatherless.'"
-
-A story has been reported that the introduction of an almanac in the
-Armstrong trial was a piece of trickery on Lincoln's part; that an
-almanac of 1853 was used with all the figure 3's changed to 7's. This
-was not necessary, for the almanac of 1857 answered the purpose, and,
-besides, Mr. Lincoln was not a dishonest lawyer.
-
-Others have claimed that no almanac was used at all in the trial.
-George Cary Eggleston, a noted author, is reported as putting a
-discount on it, and intimates that the story arose from an incident
-connected with a trial in the early 'fifties at Vevay, Indiana,
-witnessed by himself and his brother Edward, the author of the "Hoosier
-Schoolmaster," and other popular novels. He says his brother, in
-writing the novel, entitled "The Graysons," exercised the novelist's
-privilege, and attributed this clever trick to Abraham Lincoln in the
-days of his obscurity.
-
-Part First of Honorable J. H. Barrett's "Life of Lincoln" was prepared
-for the press in June, 1860, just after Mr. Lincoln's nomination for
-the presidency, and only two years after the Armstrong trial, and there
-the trial is mentioned in full, with the almanac incident. How does the
-George Cary Eggleston account jibe with these facts? His brother Edward
-simply stated an historical fact in attributing the almanac incident to
-Lincoln, and it was not the exercise of a novelist's fancy.
-
-In order to secure additional facts in the Armstrong case, I recently
-wrote to the postmaster at Havana, Illinois, for the names of the
-lawyers, if yet living, who were associated with Mr. Lincoln in the
-case. The following letter was received, which is here given for its
-historic value:
-
-                              "HAVANA, ILLINOIS, August 22, 1908.
-
-     "REV. J. T. HOBSON, DEAR SIR:—Your letter directed to the
-     postmaster of this place, dated August 18, 1908, was handed to
-     me by the postmaster, Mr. Oscar Harpham, and he requested me to
-     answer your letter.
-
-     "You ask for the names of the lawyers in Havana, who, in
-     connection with Abraham Lincoln, defended Duff Armstrong in the
-     Circuit Court of Cass County, Illinois, held in Beardstown, in
-     1858. In answer, I will state that the undersigned, Lyman Lacey,
-     Sr., was one of the two lawyers who was employed to defend said
-     Armstrong. Our firm name was Walker and Lacey, and we were
-     practicing law in Havana, Mason County, Illinois, at the time in
-     partnership, and had been so engaged at the time of the trial
-     since 1856. Mr. Walker's given name was William. In 1865, Mr.
-     William Walker removed to Lexington, State of Missouri, where he
-     practiced law, and was county judge part of the time, and, a few
-     years ago, died.
-
-     "I am the only attorney who practiced and was employed to defend
-     Armstrong, yet alive. I am in the practice of law now, and am in
-     good health, and on the 9th day of May last was seventy-six years
-     old. Was about twenty-six years old at the time of trial of the
-     Armstrong case in Beardstown, and my partner, some years older
-     than myself, was the senior member of our firm. He attended the
-     trial in Beardstown with Lincoln. I was not present, but stayed at
-     home in the office in Havana.
-
-     "Mason and Cass counties join, and the crime of killing Metzker,
-     for which Armstrong was indicted, took place in Mason County, and
-     the indictment against Armstrong was found in this county, and a
-     change of venue was taken to Cass County, which was in the same
-     judicial district.
-
-     "I was well acquainted with Hannah Armstrong, mother of "Duff,"
-     with whom Lincoln had boarded in Menard County, which also joins
-     Mason, when he was a young man, and before he was a lawyer, That
-     was the reason Lincoln would not charge anything for defending
-     her son. Our firm, Walker and Lacey, did not charge her anything
-     for our services. "Duff" could not pay. His mother employed us
-     and Lincoln. Lincoln and our firm consulted together about the
-     defense, and Walker assisted at the trial.
-
-     "I would be glad to give you any information in regard to the
-     trial and the parties in the Armstrong case. It was quite
-     celebrated, and things have been told that were not true.
-
-     "In regard to myself, in 1873 I was elected judge of the Circuit
-     Court, and elected three times afterwards, and served in all
-     twenty-four years. By appointment of the Supreme Court of this
-     State, I served twenty years on the Appellate Court bench. I
-     retired from the bench in 1897.
-
-                                "Yours very truly,
-
-                                        "LYMAN LACEY, SR."
-
-After receiving the above letter, I wrote to Judge Lacey for additional
-information, and, in reply, received another letter containing
-interesting data, which here follows:
-
-                              "HAVANA, ILLINOIS, September 1, 1908.
-
-     "REV. J. T. HOBSON, DEAR SIR:—Your letter of August 26th, was duly
-     received, and contents noted. I wish to state to you that William
-     Duff Armstrong was duly and jointly indicted with James H. Norris
-     in the Circuit Court of Mason County, Illinois, for the murder
-     of Metzker, October 3, 1857. Hugh Fullerton, of Mason County,
-     was State's attorney and prosecutor, and is long since deceased.
-     Norris was unable to employ an attorney, not having the necessary
-     means. According to the laws of Illinois, in such case the
-     circuit judge appoints an attorney at law to defend him, and the
-     attorney is obliged to defend the prisoner without compensation.
-     Accordingly the court appointed William Walker, my law partner,
-     to defend Norris, which he did. Norris was tried before a jury of
-     twelve men in Mason County, and said jury, on the 5th of November,
-     convicted him of manslaughter, and fixed the time he should serve
-     in the penitentiary as eight years, and the judge sentenced him to
-     serve that time in the penitentiary at hard labor, which he did,
-     less time gained by good behavior.
-
-     "William Duff Armstrong was granted a change of venue, November
-     5, 1857, to Cass County, Illinois, and was tried the next spring.
-     William Walker and myself were employed by Hannah Armstrong and
-     Duff to defend him in Cass County, Illinois. I cannot state for
-     certain whether 'Aunt Hannah' first sought the advice and help of
-     Lincoln, or whether Lincoln first volunteered his services, but
-     my recollection is that she first sought his aid. I understood
-     after the trial of Duff that Mr. Lincoln told her he would make
-     no charge for his services, because, he told her, she had spent
-     more time, while he boarded with her, in darning his stockings
-     and mending his clothes, than he had in defending her son in the
-     trial, and as she never charged him anything, he would not charge
-     her for his services.
-
-     "You know that 'Old Abe,' as he was called, was a humorous kind
-     of a man. At one time when I was in Beardstown, at a term of
-     court, looking after the Armstrong case, Lincoln was also there,
-     and the judge, who had to come down on a steamboat from Pekin on
-     the Illinois River, was long delayed. Lincoln and myself were at
-     the same hotel in Beardstown, waiting for the judge, when Lincoln
-     became very uneasy, and walked backward and forward, slowly, at
-     the door of the hotel, when finally he spelled out—'t-e-j-u-s,
-     t-e-j-u-s,' pronouncing the word as spelled twice.
-
-     "In regard to the almanac question, there was a witness who
-     testified that after eleven o'clock, when the moon was shining
-     brightly, he saw Duff Armstrong strike Metzker with a club.
-     Lincoln and my partner, William Walker, introduced the almanac
-     of 1857, showing that the moon set before eleven o'clock, which
-     proved that the witness was swearing to a falsehood as regarded
-     the shining of the moon. Now some one started the story that
-     the almanac introduced was not one of the date of 1857, but of
-     a former date showing the setting of the moon before eleven
-     o'clock.... My partner, Walker, would have told me about it if
-     such a trick had been performed at the trial, but he never did.
-     Some years ago, I examined an almanac of 1857, which showed the
-     setting of the moon was before eleven o'clock, and that it was the
-     right almanac to introduce. A year or two before Duff Armstrong
-     died, I had a conversation with him in Mason City, Mason County,
-     Illinois, and he said there was no truth in the story that an
-     almanac of a different date than 1857 was introduced. The above
-     charge is untrue, and is what I referred to in my former
-     letter....
-
-     "I practiced law with Herndon in the 'fifties and the 'sixties,
-     and he often talked to me about Lincoln, whom he liked very much,
-     and afterward wrote his history. [Herndon was Lincoln's law
-     partner twenty years.]
-
-     "At the time of the Armstrong trial, Lincoln was not looked upon
-     as the great man he is to-day, only that he was a very good and
-     successful lawyer. No one ever dreamed that he would be President.
-     He was a man of great common sense, and an amusing story-teller.
-     He knew how to please the common people, and everybody liked him
-     personally.
-
-                                  Yours truly,
-
-                                        "LYMAN LACEY, SR."
-
-Miss Ida M. Tarbell says, in _McClure's Magazine_, that Lincoln told
-the jury in the Armstrong case that he was not there as a hired
-attorney, but to discharge a debt of gratitude. Duff Armstrong said:
-"Uncle Abe did his best talking when he told the jury what true friends
-my father and mother had been to him in the early days. He told how he
-used to go out to Jack Armstrong's and stay for days; how kind mother
-was to him; and how, many a time, he had rocked me to sleep in the old
-cradle."
-
-J. M. Hobson, now in his eighty-first year, and who, for many years,
-has resided in Winterset, Iowa, recently informed me that he was
-acquainted with "Aunt Hannah." She was married the second time to
-Samuel Wilcox. She died in Winterset, August 15, 1890, at the age of
-seventy-nine.
-
-Mr. Hobson further said: "The son that Lincoln took an interest in
-was here fifteen or sixteen years ago. His name was William, but they
-called him "Duffy." We had a revival meeting at our church, and he
-attended. I took an interest in him, and tried to get him to be a
-Christian. He did not make a start then, and I do not know whether he
-did later or not."
-
-Duff Armstrong was a soldier in the Civil War, and died a widower, in
-1899, at his daughter's, near Easton, Mason County, Illinois.
-
-"Aunt Hannah" has a number of relatives in Winterset, Iowa, among them
-Mrs. Martha McDonald, her step-daughter and daughter-in-law. She was
-first married to Robert, a son of "Aunt Hannah." He died several years
-ago. I am indebted to Mrs. McDonald, through J. M. Hobson, for the
-excellent picture of "Aunt Hannah" in this book, also for the picture
-of "Duff," taken late in life, as an every-day farmer. He was Mrs.
-McDonald's step-brother and brother-in-law.
-
-
-[Illustration: CAPTAIN JOHN W. LAMAR,
-
-_Who knew Lincoln in Indiana_.]
-
-
-[Illustration: MRS. CAPT. J. W. LAMAR,
-
-_Yet living in Spencer County, Indiana, who remembers the Lincolns
-in Indiana_.]
-
-
-[Illustration: HONORABLE JAMES GENTRY,
-
-_Son of proprietor of Gentryville, Indiana. Both knew Lincoln in
-Indiana_.]
-
-
-[Illustration: ELIZABETH GRIGSBY,
-
-_One of the brides of a double wedding in Indiana which caused
-Lincoln to write the "Chronicles of Reuben."_]
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER VII.
-
-Lincoln's Temperance Principles
-
-     Promise Made to His Mother—Writes a Temperance Article Before
-       Leaving Indiana—Mr. Wood and Mr. Farmer—Did Lincoln Sell
-       Whisky?—His Great Temperance Address—Testimony of
-       Associates—Moses Martin's Letter—The Internal Revenue Bill.
-
-
-It is well known that Abraham Lincoln was strictly a temperance man.
-His early training was on that line. In his maturer years, while a
-member of Congress, when urged by an associate to drink on a certain
-occasion, he said, "I promised my precious mother only a few days
-before she died that I would never use anything intoxicating as a
-beverage, and I consider that promise as binding to-day as it was on
-the day I made it."
-
-Among his first literary efforts, at his boyhood home in Indiana,
-was to write an article on temperance. William Wood, living near by,
-was Lincoln's chief adviser in many things. He took a political and
-a temperance paper, and Lincoln read them thoroughly. He expressed a
-desire to try his hand at writing an article on temperance. Mr. Wood
-encouraged him, and the article was written. Aaron Farmer, a noted
-minister of the United Brethren Church, often stopped with Mr. Wood,
-who was a zealous and devoted member of the same church. Mr. Herndon
-and other Lincoln biographers are mistaken in saying that Aaron Farmer
-was a minister of the Baptist Church. Henry Brooner told me that he
-joined the United Brethren Church at a grove meeting held in that part
-of the country by Aaron Farmer, in the fall of 1827.
-
-Lincoln's temperance article was shown Mr. Farmer by Mr. Wood, and he
-was so well pleased with it that he sent it to an Ohio paper, in which
-it was published. Lincoln, at this time, was seventeen or eighteen
-years old. I was acquainted with James, Andrew, Robert, and Charles,
-aged sons of William Wood, all of whom knew Lincoln. They have all
-passed away. In the year 1888, I officiated at the funeral of Mrs.
-Nancy Armstrong, one of Mr. Wood's daughters, at her home, which was
-the old home of her father, where Lincoln was always a welcome visitor.
-William L. Wood, a grandson of Lincoln's adviser, now living at Dale,
-and whom I have known for many years, says his grandfather was a
-temperance worker.
-
-Mr. Farmer had a literary turn of mind, and published a paper called
-_Zion's Advocate_, at Salem, Indiana, in 1829, but this was about
-two years after Lincoln's temperance article was written. The United
-Brethren Church organ, the _Religious Telescope_, now published at
-Dayton, Ohio, was first published at Circleville, Ohio, in 1834, but
-this was still later. Query: In what paper in Ohio was Lincoln's
-temperance article printed? Mr. Farmer died March 1, 1839, while
-serving as presiding elder of the Indianapolis District. William
-Wood, Lincoln's old friend and adviser, died at Dale, Spencer County,
-Indiana, December 28, 1867, at the age of eighty-three.
-
-Mr. Lincoln has been charged with selling whisky at New Salem,
-Illinois. Let us examine the facts and his own statement. In 1833,
-he and Mr. Berry bought out three groceries in New Salem. Berry was
-a drinking man and not a suitable partner for Lincoln. At that time
-grocery stores usually kept whisky on sale, so the firm had quite
-a stock of whisky on hand, along with other commodities. Drinking
-was common then. Even some ministers of the gospel would take their
-"dram." It appears that Lincoln trusted Berry to run the business.
-It is doubtful if Lincoln himself sold whisky, although his name was
-connected with the firm. The firm failed. Berry died, leaving Lincoln
-the debts to pay.
-
-Mr. Douglas, in his debates with Lincoln, twitted him as having been a
-"grocery keeper" and selling whisky. In replying, Lincoln jokingly said
-Mr. Douglas was one of his best customers, and said he had left his
-side of the counter, while Douglas stuck to his side as tenaciously as
-ever. When Lincoln laid aside his jokes he declared that he never sold
-whisky in his life. (See Chapter IX.)
-
-Mr. Lincoln often "preached" what he called his "sermon to boys," as
-follows: "Don't drink, don't gamble, don't smoke, don't lie, don't
-cheat. Love your fellow-men, love God, love truth, love virtue, and be
-happy."
-
-On the 22d of February, 1842, he made a strong address before the
-Washingtonian Temperance Society, in the Second Presbyterian Church,
-Springfield, Illinois, in which he said: "Whether or not the world
-would be vastly benefited by a total and final banishment from it
-of all intoxicating drinks, seems to me not now an open question.
-Three-fourths of mankind confess the affirmative with their tongues,
-and, I believe, all the rest acknowledge it in their hearts."
-
-Leonard Swett, who, for eleven years was associated with Lincoln in
-law in the Eighth Judicial District of Illinois, said, "Lincoln never
-tasted liquor, never chewed tobacco or smoked."
-
-The late Philip Clark, of Mattoon, Illinois, an old-time friend of
-Lincoln, is reported to have said: "We were together one night in a
-country neighborhood, when some one proposed that we all go to church,
-close by, to hear the Rev. John Berry preach a temperance sermon. After
-listening intently, Abe remarked to me that that subject would some
-time be one of the greatest in this country."
-
-In the year 1847, Lincoln made a number of temperance addresses and
-circulated a total abstinence pledge, urging persons to sign it. Among
-those who signed the pledge presented by Mr. Lincoln were Moses Martin
-and Cleopas Breckenridge, who are still living. Recently I wrote to
-Mr. Martin, asking him to furnish for this book a statement concerning
-his recollections of Lincoln and his temperance speech. He promptly
-answered, as follows:
-
-                              "EDINBURG, ILLINOIS, January 14, 1909.
-
-     "MR. J. T. HOBSON, DEAR SIR:—I heard Abraham Lincoln lecture on
-     temperance in 1847, at the South Fork schoolhouse. He came out
-     from Springfield. He had gotten up a pledge. It was called the
-     Washingtonian pledge. He made a very forcible lecture, the first
-     temperance lecture I ever heard, and the first one ever delivered
-     in our neighborhood. It was in the grove, and a large crowd came
-     out to hear the lecture. Lincoln asked if any one had anything
-     to say, for it or against it, while he circulated the pledge, he
-     would hear from them. My old friend, Preston Breckenridge, got
-     up and made a very forcible talk. He signed the pledge, and all
-     his children. Cleopas was his son. Nearly every one there signed
-     it. Preston went out lecturing. I usually went with him and
-     circulated the pledge copied after Abraham Lincoln's pledge. It
-     read as follows: 'Whereas, the use of intoxicating liquors as a
-     beverage is productive of pauperism, degradation, and crime, and
-     believing it is our duty to discourage that which produces more
-     evil than good; we, therefore, pledge ourselves to abstain from
-     the use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage.' When I signed
-     Lincoln's pledge I was about nineteen years old. I am now eighty
-     years old.
-
-                                        "MOSES MARTIN."
-
-At my request, Mr. Martin kindly sent his picture for this book.
-Cleopas Breckenridge, who is referred to in Mr. Martin's letter, is
-living, in his seventy-third year, at Custer, Illinois. As he has
-furnished a statement for other publications, he writes that he prefers
-not to furnish it again. It may be said, however, that he was ten years
-old when Lincoln, by permission, wrote his name under the pledge, then
-placing his hand on the little boy's head, said, "Now, sonny, you keep
-that pledge, and it will be the best act of your life." In his long
-life, subject to many temptations, Mr. Breckenridge has faithfully kept
-his pledge made at Mr. Lincoln's temperance meeting.
-
-On the 29th of September, 1863, in response to an address from the Sons
-of Temperance in Washington, President Lincoln said:
-
-     "If I were better known than I am, you would not need to be told
-     that, in the advocacy of the cause of temperance you have a friend
-     and a sympathizer in me. When I was a young man—long ago—before
-     the Sons of Temperance as an organization had an existence, I,
-     in a humble way, made temperance speeches, and I think I may say
-     that to this day I have never, by my example, belied what I then
-     said.... I think the reasonable men of the world have long since
-     agreed that intemperance is one of the greatest, if not the very
-     greatest, of all evils among mankind. This is not a matter of
-     dispute, I believe. That the disease exists, and that it is a very
-     great one, is agreed upon by all. The mode of cure is one about
-     which there may be differences of opinion."
-
-It is true that President Lincoln, during the awful pressure of the
-Civil War, signed the Internal Revenue Bill, (H. R., No. 312,) to raise
-money from various sources to support the Government, among which was
-the licensing of retail dealers in intoxicating liquors. This bill
-was warmly discussed. Some years ago, I read these discussions in the
-"Congressional Record," of May 27, 1862. Senators Wilson, Pomeroy,
-Harris, and Wilmot opposed the licensing of the sale of intoxicants in
-the strongest manner. Mr. Lincoln threatened to veto the bill, but, as
-a war measure, and, acting under dire necessity, with the assurance
-that the bill would be repealed when the war was over, he reluctantly
-signed the bill, July 1, 1862. Up to this time, however, the bill has
-never been repealed. There have been some changes made, among which
-the word "license" was changed to "special tax," but the import is
-practically the same.
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER VIII.
-
-Lincoln as a Prohibitionist
-
-     Major J. B. Merwin and Abraham Lincoln—They Together
-       Canvass Illinois for State Prohibition in 1854-55—Lincoln's
-       Arguments Against the Saloon—Facts Omitted by Lincoln's
-       Biographers—President Lincoln, Generals Scott and Butler
-       Recommend Merwin's Temperance Work in the Army—The President
-       Sends Merwin on a Mission to New York the Day of the
-       Assassination—Proposition for Freedmen to Dig Panama
-       Canal—Lincoln's Last Words to Merwin—Merwin's Characteristic
-       Address at Lincoln's Tomb—"Lincoln, the Christian
-       Statesman"—Merwin Living at Middlefield, Connecticut.
-
-
-It will, no doubt, be of interest to here introduce a man who, perhaps,
-knew Mr. Lincoln as well as any man now living. It is Major J. B.
-Merwin, of Middlefield, Connecticut, who is now eighty years old. He
-is a noted educator and lecturer. He formerly resided in St. Louis,
-Missouri, and was the founder of "The American Journal of Education,"
-in that city in 1867. Since that time he has written much and lectured
-widely on educational and literary subjects.
-
-Learning of his associations with Mr. Lincoln, that they together
-campaigned the State of Illinois for State prohibition in 1854-55,
-I wrote Mr. Merwin for some items relative to his acquaintance and
-associations with the great emancipator. In his reply, Mr. Merwin said:
-
-     "I mail you a very brief résumé of my connection with Mr. Lincoln
-     from 1854 on, up to the day he was assassinated. This will answer
-     your query and request, I think, fully. Of course the address made
-     at the tomb of the great, dear man, on May 26, 1904, was greatly
-     abridged for lack of space, but many essential points you will be
-     able to gather from what I send you. And I am glad to do this, for
-     nearly all his biographers ignore both his prohibition and his
-     religious work and character."
-
-From what Mr. Merwin furnished, as stated in his letter, the following
-facts are here presented:
-
-Mr. Merwin, then a young man, was a temperance lecturer in Connecticut,
-in 1851, during which year he and Neal Dow both addressed the
-legislature in behalf of State prohibition. A resident of Springfield,
-Illinois, then visiting in Hartford, being interested in the question,
-gained admittance to this legislative session, and was much pleased
-with Mr. Merwin's presentation of the subject. He afterward took it
-upon himself to invite Mr. Merwin to visit Springfield and deliver
-the same address before the Illinois Legislature. The invitation was
-accepted, and the following winter Mr. Merwin began a temperance
-campaign in Illinois. His first address was made at the capital.
-At this time the legislature was considering the submission of the
-prohibition question to the people, and as the question met with great
-opposition from the leaders of the two political parties, who feared
-to jeopardize the liquor interests, the speaker from the East was not
-permitted to address the legislature as a body, and spoke instead in
-the representative hall.
-
-It was at this meeting that he first met Lincoln, who was immediately
-touched by the young speaker's words and enthusiastically accepted
-his message. Mr. Lincoln invited Mr. Merwin home with him that night,
-but, knowing nothing of the character of the man, Mr. Merwin asked the
-advice of a friend, who said, "Most certainly, if Mr. Lincoln invites
-you, go." Mr. Merwin says: "We were barely inside his door, and even
-before he asked me to be seated, he wanted to know if I had a copy of
-the Maine law with me. I had, and we spent until four o'clock in the
-morning discussing its features." The matter of a prohibition canvass
-was outlined, and Mr. Lincoln volunteered to put the whole matter
-before Richard Yates, afterwards Illinois' war governor, but who was
-then Grand Worthy Patriarch of the Sons of Temperance. Mr. Yates was
-quick to see the strength of the new idea, and himself arranged the
-first series of rallies where Lincoln and Merwin spoke.
-
-The meeting at Jacksonville was presided over by Richard Yates. Among
-the places at which they spoke were Bellville, Bloomington, Peoria,
-Edwardsville, and Decatur. Mr. Lincoln's political friends were alarmed
-for him because of his radicalism on the temperance question, and made
-a combined effort to silence him, but he continued in the fight.
-
-Prohibition did not carry in its submission to the people, but it is
-said that the votes of forty counties were changed in favor of State
-prohibition.
-
-After the campaign of 1854-55, Mr. Merwin's friendship with Lincoln
-continued without a break up to the latter's assassination. Soon after
-the commencement of the war, Mr. Merwin's unceasing advocacy of the
-great reform won him personal recognition, and it was suggested by
-prominent military men that he should be officially appointed, and
-be permitted the freedom of the camps in the interests of personal
-temperance work, need of which was widely evident. What President
-Lincoln and Generals Scott and Butler wrote on the back of the
-recommendation, as endorsements, is here given. Mr. Merwin has the
-original manuscript:
-
-     "If it be ascertained at the War Department that the President has
-     legal authority to make an appointment such as is asked within,
-     and Gen. Scott is of opinion it will be available for good, then
-     let it be done.
-
-          "July 17, 1861.                A. LINCOLN."
-
-     "I esteem the mission of Mr. Merwin to this army a happy
-     circumstance, and request all commanders to give him free access
-     to all our camps and posts, and also to multiply occasions to
-     enable him to address our officers and men.
-
-                                         WINFIELD SCOTT,
-
-          "July 24, 1861.            _Department of Virginia._"
-
-     "The mission of Mr. Merwin will be of great benefit to the troops,
-     and I will furnish him with every facility to address the troops
-     under my command. I hope the Gen'l commanding the army will give
-     him such official position as Mr. Merwin may desire to carry out
-     his object.
-
-          "August 8, 1861.          B. F. BUTLER, _Maj-Gen. Com'd'g._"
-
-The testimonial to the warm appreciation of Mr. Merwin's usefulness
-in the army as a temperance worker is signed by Isaac N. Arnold, O.
-H. Browning, Charles Sumner, Alexander W. Randall, W. A. Buckingham,
-Richard Yates, James Harlan, Alexander Ramsey, A. B. Palmer, John F.
-Potter, J. L. Scripps, Lyman Trumbull, Henry Wilson, J. R. Doolittle,
-Austin Blair, Thomas Drummond, James W. Grimes, Samuel J. Kirkwood,
-Timothy O. Howe, David Wilmot, and more than one hundred others. They
-comprise those of governors, senators, congressmen, and postmasters.
-
-In 1862, President Lincoln again wrote a special order to facilitate
-his work at the front, as follows, the original still being in Mr.
-Merwin's possession:
-
-     "Surgeon General will send Mr. Merwin wherever he may think the
-     public service may require.
-
-            "July 24, 1862.              A. LINCOLN."
-
-Throughout the war Mr. Merwin was in close personal touch with the
-nation's executive, and had a passport, given him by Mr. Lincoln, which
-admitted him to the White House at any time, day or night, except
-during the session of the cabinet. On the day of his assassination the
-President had Mr. Merwin to dine with him, and that afternoon sent him
-on an important mission to New York.
-
-It will be a matter of interest to many to know that Mr. Lincoln
-looked very favorably upon a proposal that had been made for the
-excavation and completion of the Panama Canal by means of the labor
-of the freedmen. Those close to the President at the time were aware
-of the fact that he favored the plan, and it was for the purpose of
-securing the views of Horace Greeley, of the New York _Tribune_, and
-other molders of public thought, in regard to the plan, that he called
-Major Merwin to the White House on the fatal Friday, April 14, 1865,
-the day that he was shot. After the President had explained this
-business to Mr. Merwin, perhaps recalling again those stirring times
-ten years before, when he had campaigned with him, he said, "After
-reconstruction, the next great question will be the overthrow of the
-liquor traffic."
-
-That evening Mr. Merwin was on his way to New York, and the following
-morning, as he stepped from the train in that city, he heard the
-terrible news of the assassination at Ford's Theater, the night before.
-
-Mr. Merwin says that Mr. Lincoln talked freely with him on the
-overthrow of the liquor traffic, and it is his strong conviction that
-if his life had been spared, even a decade, he would have emphasized
-his lifelong devotion to the temperance cause with an open and decisive
-championship of State and National prohibition. The slavery issue had
-come unforeseen into his life and swept him heart and soul into the
-very vortex of that terrific struggle. As he often expressed it, "there
-must be one war at a time," and the one that called him first was not
-of his own choosing in point of order.
-
-The abridged address on "Lincoln as a Prohibitionist," delivered by
-Major Merwin at the Lincoln Monument, at Springfield, Illinois, May 26,
-1904, which he furnished for this book, is here given. It was printed
-in the _New Voice_, Chicago, June 16, 1904, to which I am indebted for
-a number of the foregoing items, some of which were marked by Major
-Merwin with a blue pencil.
-
-After a brief introduction by Mr. Alonzo Wilson, chairman of the State
-Prohibition Committee, Mr. Merwin, standing on one of the steps of the
-stairway of the monument, with a beautiful flag covering a part of the
-balustrade, said:
-
-     "We stand to-day in the heart of the continent, midway between the
-     two oceans, within the shadow of the monument of the man who made
-     more history—who made greater history than any other person, than
-     all other persons who lived in the nineteenth century! A leader
-     of the people, who was great in their greatness, who carried
-     their burdens, who, with their help, achieved a name and a fame
-     unparalleled in human history. He broke the shackles of four
-     millions of slaves. He saved to the world this form of government,
-     which gives to all our people the opportunity to walk, if they
-     will, down the corridors of time, arm in arm with the great of
-     all ages, sheltered and inspired by the flag which has become the
-     symbol of hope and of freedom to all the world!
-
-     "In God's good providence, I came to know him—here in his humble
-     home in Springfield, in 1854, and before he had come to be the
-     hero, beloved, glorified, known and loved by all who love liberty.
-     It was in the autumn of 1854. I was a young man full of all the
-     enthusiasm of those first Neal Dow triumphs in New England.
-     Accepting the invitation of friends, I came to Illinois, where the
-     campaign for State prohibition was getting under way. I reached
-     Springfield, and one night had the privilege of speaking in the
-     old State House, where, with legislators and townspeople, I found
-     an appreciative audience.
-
-     "After my address, there were calls of 'Lincoln! Lincoln!
-     Lincoln!' and turning, I saw, perhaps, the most singular specimen
-     of a human being rising slowly, and unfolding his long arms and
-     his long legs, exactly like the blades of a jack-knife. His hair
-     was uncombed, his coat sleeves were inches shorter than his shirt
-     sleeves, his trousers did not reach to his socks. First I thought
-     there was some plan to perpetrate a 'joke' on the meeting, but in
-     one minute, after the first accents of the pathetic voice were
-     heard, the crowd hushed to a stillness as profound as if Lincoln
-     were the only person present, and then this simple, uncouth man
-     gave to the hushed crowd such a definition of law, its design and
-     mission, its object and power, such as few present had ever known
-     or dreamed. Among the points he made were the following:
-
-     "Mr. Lincoln asked, 'Is not the law of self-protection the first
-     law of nature; the first primary law of civilized society?' 'Law,'
-     he declared, 'is for the protection, conservation, and extension
-     of right things, of right conduct; not for the protection of evil
-     and wrong-doing.'
-
-     "'The State must, in its legislative action, recognize in the
-     law enacted this principle—it must make sure and secure these
-     endeavors to establish, protect, and extend right conditions,
-     right conduct, righteousness. These conditions will be secured and
-     preserved, not by indifference, not by a toleration of evils, not
-     by attempting to throw around any evil the shield of law; never by
-     any attempt to license the evil.'
-
-     "'This sentiment of right conduct for the protection of home, of
-     state, of church, of individuals must be taken up and embodied
-     in legislation, and thus become a positive factor, active in
-     the state. This is the first and most important function in
-     the legislation of the modern state.' Proceeding, Mr. Lincoln
-     said: 'This saves the whole, and not a part, with a high, true
-     conservatism through the united action of all, by all, for all.
-     The prohibition of the liquor traffic, except for medical and
-     mechanical purposes, thus becomes the new evangel for the safety
-     and redemption of the people from the social, political, and moral
-     curse of the saloon, and its inevitable evil consequences of
-     drunkenness.'
-
-     "Lincoln studied every moral and political issue in this light
-     and from this standpoint, and, as a result of this practice, he
-     studied the opposite side of every question in dispute, and hence
-     he was never surprised by the seeming strength of his opponents,
-     for he saw at once the moral and legal weakness of wrong and
-     untenable positions assumed. This it is that throws a flood
-     of light on his ready and unanswerable repartee by story and
-     statement. In fact, we have seen, often, that after his statement
-     of a proposition it needed no argument.
-
-     "Honorable Elihu B. Washburn, Lincoln's closest friend, wrote
-     before he died that 'when the whole truth is disclosed of Mr.
-     Lincoln's life during the years of 1854-55, it will throw a flood
-     of new light on the character of Mr. Lincoln, and will add new
-     luster to his greatness and his patriotism.'
-
-     "Mr. Lincoln had, as is well known, made up his mind to retire
-     from the political arena. He was annoyed, yea, more, he was
-     disgusted with the low plane on which the politicians, mere
-     politicians, not statesmen, were trying to conduct the affairs of
-     the nation.
-
-     "Mr. Lincoln was feeling his way up and out of the gloom,
-     despondency, and melancholy which had to so great an extent
-     affected his life. There came to him a new light, a new revelation
-     of destiny in those still creative, or rather recreative days, and
-     it is this phase of things to which Mr. Washburn refers in the
-     above lines.
-
-     "It is a well-known fact that Mr. Lincoln hesitated to show his
-     strength of conscience, as he did his wealth of goodness, lest it
-     be counted as ostentation. He said often in 1854-55, 'The saloon
-     and the liquor traffic have defenders—but no defense!' With him
-     men were neither great nor small—they were right or wrong. He
-     knew no fear except the fear of doing wrong. His expressions and
-     conduct on this question of the prohibition of the liquor traffic
-     and the saloon were so firmly anchored on his profound
-     convictions of right and wrong that they were immutable.
-
-     "In that memorable canvass, Mr. Lincoln and myself spoke in
-     Jacksonville, in Bloomington, in Decatur, in Danville, in
-     Carlinville, in Peoria, and at many other points.
-
-     "The gist of Mr. Lincoln's argument was contained in this fearless
-     declaration:
-
-     "'This legalized liquor traffic, as carried on in the saloons
-     and grogshops, is the tragedy of civilization. Good citizenship
-     demands and requires that what is right should not only be made
-     known, but be made prevalent; that what is evil should not only be
-     detected and defeated, but destroyed. The saloon has proved itself
-     to be the greatest foe, the most blighting curse of our modern
-     civilization, and this is why I am a practical prohibitionist.
-
-     "'We must not be satisfied until the public sentiment of this
-     State, and the individual conscience shall be instructed to look
-     upon the saloon-keeper and the liquor-seller, with all the license
-     each can give him, as simply and only a privileged malefactor—a
-     criminal.'
-
-     "Mr. Lincoln used, in advocating the entire prohibition of the
-     liquor traffic, nearly the same language, and in many instances
-     the same illustrations that he used later on in his arguments
-     against slavery. At another place he said:
-
-     "'The real issue in this controversy, the one pressing upon
-     every mind that gives the subject careful consideration, is that
-     legalizing the manufacture, sale, and use of intoxicating liquors
-     as a beverage is a wrong—as all history and every development of
-     the traffic proves it to be—a moral, social, and political wrong.'
-
-     "It should be stated distinctly, squarely, and fairly, and
-     repeated often, that Mr. Lincoln was a practical total abstinence
-     man; wrote for it, worked for it, taught it, both by precept
-     and by example; and when, from a long and varied experience, he
-     found that the greed and selfishness of the liquor-dealers and
-     the saloon-keepers overleaped and disregarded all barriers and
-     every other restraint, and taught by the lessons of experience
-     that nothing short of the entire prohibition of the traffic and
-     the saloon would settle the question, he became an earnest,
-     unflinching prohibitionist.
-
-     "It has been said by those most competent to judge, that Mr.
-     Lincoln surpassed all orators in eloquence, all diplomats in
-     wisdom, all statesmen in foresight, and this makes him and his
-     name a power not to be resisted as a political prohibitionist.
-
-     "We do not say much about it, for it is not necessary, but there
-     were times and occasions when Mr. Lincoln came to be, in his
-     administration, greater than law—when his wisdom was greater than
-     the combined wisdom of all the people. The people, the law-makers
-     had never comprehended the conditions and the situation that
-     confronted him. He was as great as necessity, and our safety lay
-     in the fact that he was as just as he was great, and as wise as he
-     was just. Great in law, but greater in necessity.
-
-     "God be praised for the great gifts he showered upon him; God be
-     praised for the generous use he made of them. In the radiance of
-     God's light and in the sunshine of his love from out the gates of
-     pearl which were swung inward to his entrance by those who waited
-     to welcome him thither, there opened to him that vast and bright
-     eternity, vivid with God's love. We could wish for a moment the
-     veil might be parted and we, too, could have vision that such
-     labor shall be crowned with immortal rest. Hail, brother, and
-     farewell."
-
-In a letter to me, of late date, Major Merwin writes:
-
-     "None of us can get too many views of the good and great Lincoln,
-     and the world grows better for all we know, or can learn of
-     him.... I spoke in New Haven last Sunday evening in one of the
-     largest churches in the old college town. The house was packed
-     with Yale students and others. The subject was, 'Lincoln, the
-     Christian Statesman,' emphasizing the religious phase of the
-     man, much to the surprise of many present. This was the real
-     source of his strength. He was larger than any or all so-called
-     'denominations,' and yet a multitude find both comfort and
-     strength in these various divisions, and Lincoln's heart was glad
-     it was so."
-
-It should have been stated, in connection with Mr. Merwin's temperance
-record in the army, that General Winfield Scott, after hearing several
-addresses made by Mr. Merwin from President Lincoln's carriage, to the
-regiments gathering in Washington, said to the President, "A man of
-such force and moral power to inspire courage, patriotism, faith, and
-obedience among the troops is worth more than a half-dozen regiments of
-raw recruits."
-
-As before stated, Mr. Merwin is now in his eightieth year, and resides
-at Middlefield, Connecticut. In his last letter to me, dated January
-14, 1909, referring to the above paragraph, he says, "I am not now
-equal to 6,000 men, but am able to tell the story of the plain, great
-man, whose name is now, and ever will be a glory on the nation's brow."
-
-
-[Illustration: THE LINCOLN-BROONER GUN,
-
-_Owned jointly by Abraham Lincoln and Henry Brooner in Indiana. Now
-owned by John E. Burton, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin._]
-
-
-[Illustration: RUTH JENNINGS HUFF,
-
-_Daughter of Josiah Crawford, for whom Lincoln often labored as hired
-hand in Indiana._]
-
-
-[Illustration: DAVID TURNHAM AND WIFE.
-
-_Mr. Turnham, as Constable, loaned Lincoln the Revised Statutes of
-Indiana, the first law-book he ever studied._]
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER IX.
-
-Lincoln and the Slavery Question
-
-     An Ancient Institution—The Evils of Slavery—Lincoln Always Opposed
-       to Slavery—Relic of "Cruel Slavery Days"—Discussions, Laws, and
-       Compromises—The Missouri Compromise—The Fugitive Slave Law—The
-       Kansas-Nebraska Bill—Lincoln Aroused—He Answers Douglas—R. L.
-       McCord Names Lincoln His Candidate for President—A New Political
-       Party—"Bleeding Kansas"—The Dred Scott Decision—"The Underground
-       Railroad"—The John Brown Raid—The Approaching Crisis.
-
-
-It may be wondered what future generations will think when they read
-the history of our country and learn that within the memory of many of
-those who now live this Government tolerated and protected that "sum
-of all villainies"—human slavery. Slavery arose at an early period
-in the world's history out of the accident of capture in war. As an
-institution it has existed in many countries for ages. Unfortunately,
-in the first settling of the United States, slavery was tolerated, and
-allowed to spread as the country developed. This was especially true of
-the Southern States.
-
-The many attendant evils of slavery cannot here be mentioned. Slaves
-were largely kept in ignorance. In some States it was considered a
-crime, with heavy penalties, for any white person to teach a colored
-person to read or write.
-
-The traffic in human beings, as it then existed, is awful to think of.
-Husbands and wives, parents and children, brothers and sisters were
-often sold and separated never to meet again. When the master died, his
-negroes were sold to the highest bidder, just like other property.
-
-Abraham Lincoln was always opposed to slavery. When a young man he
-witnessed the cruelties of a slave market in New Orleans, where men,
-women, and children were sold like brutes. He then and there said, "If
-I ever have a chance to hit that institution, I will hit it hard."
-In 1837, when he was only twenty-eight years old, he heard a sermon
-preached by a noted minister, in Illinois, on the interpretation of
-prophecy in its relation to the breaking down of civil and religious
-tyranny. The sermon greatly impressed Mr. Lincoln, and he at that
-time said to a friend, "Odd as it may seem, when he described those
-changes and revolutions, I was deeply impressed that I would be somehow
-strangely mixed up with them."
-
-Many slaveholders were otherwise good people, and their slaves
-were well treated. Ministers of the gospel and church-members held
-slaves. Some of the author's maternal relatives were slaveholders. He
-remembers, when a small boy, during "cruel slavery days," hearing his
-grandfather relate a conversation he had with a slave while on a late
-visit to his slaveholding brothers in Kentucky. The slave, a young man,
-was entering some complaint against slavery. Grandfather asked him,
-"Is your master kind to you?" "Yes, sir," answered the slave. "Do you
-have plenty to eat and wear?" "Oh, yes, sir." "Then why are you not
-satisfied?" "Oh, Mr. Todd, freedom, freedom."
-
-I have a letter, dated June 2, 1861, written to my grandfather by one
-of his Kentucky brothers. I remember seeing this great uncle in 1865,
-when he was visiting in Indiana. He had administered on a brother's
-estate. The letter contains the following: "You wrote to know what
-I had done with the negroes. I sold them last March, one year ago.
-William Hocker bought Dicey and her youngest boy for $1,100. Franklin
-Todd, the son of brother Peter, bought the oldest boy for $700. I
-bought the second boy, the one born when you were here, for $535." My
-great-uncle says, in the same letter, that, on account of governmental
-affairs, "property" is not bringing its full value.
-
-The people of the North were generally opposed to slavery, and great
-bitterness of feeling was engendered between the Northern and Southern
-States. Among the great leaders in the anti-slavery movement were
-William Lloyd Garrison, Gerrit Smith, Wendell Phillips, John G.
-Whittier, Joshua R. Giddings, William H. Seward, and Charles Sumner.
-The institution of slavery had become a great power, and had interwoven
-itself into the social, moral, religious, and political fabrics of the
-country.
-
-Whenever a territory sought admission into the Union as a State, a
-great controversy arose as to whether it should be admitted as a free
-or a slave State. The halls of Congress resounded with the eloquence
-of great statesmen on both sides of the question, because "there were
-giants in those days." A good portion of the time of Congress was taken
-in discussing some phase of the slavery question. Bad temper was often
-exhibited, and great interests were at stake. On some occasions Henry
-Clay would propose a compromise, which being accepted, would have a
-tendency to lull the storm which, sooner or later, was to burst forth
-in all its fury. Anti-slavery, abolition, and various organizations
-were formed.
-
-In the North various opinions existed on the subject of slavery. Some
-were opposed to its extension, but did not wish to interfere with it
-where it already existed. Others were more ultra, chief of whom was
-William Lloyd Garrison, whose motto was to destroy slavery or destroy
-the Union. He finally came to the conclusion that the Constitution of
-the United States favored slavery, and declared it to be "a covenant
-with death and an agreement with hell."
-
-In 1820 the territory of Missouri sought admission into the Union.
-The question as to whether it should be admitted as a free or a slave
-State was so warmly and violently discussed in Congress that many
-were alarmed lest it would lead to the dissolution of the Union. The
-territory was finally admitted as a slave State, but on the express
-condition that slavery would forever be excluded from all that part of
-the territory of the United States lying north of 36 degrees and 30
-minutes. This provision was known as "the Missouri Compromise."
-
-In 1850 the "Fugitive Slave Law" was passed by Congress, which was,
-in part, to the effect that it was a penal offense to render any
-accommodations, assistance, or show any favors whatever to runaway
-slaves; also that officers were empowered to compel citizens, in the
-North as well as in the South, to assist in the capture of such slaves.
-
-As the Missouri Compromise forever excluded slavery from the
-northwestern territories, the "forever" terminated when Congress, in
-May, 1854, passed the celebrated Kansas-Nebraska Bill, introduced by
-Stephen A. Douglas, the Democratic Senator from Illinois. Its main
-provision was that each territory seeking admission into the Union
-might decide by vote of its inhabitants whether it should be admitted
-as a free or a slave State. This virtually repealed the Missouri
-Compromise, which Douglas had declared "to be sacred," and a law which
-"no human hand should destroy." This act was considered such a flagrant
-violation of a trust, breaking down all legal barriers to the possible
-spread of slavery, that it aroused great indignation throughout the
-North.
-
-Mr. Lincoln, just prior to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, as
-already stated by Mr. Merwin in the last chapter, had become inactive
-in politics, and had given himself more fully to the practice of law.
-In furnishing a short biography of himself for a friend, in 1859,
-he said, "I was losing interest in politics when the repeal of the
-Missouri Compromise aroused me again." He now saw the great danger of
-slavery enlarging its territory indefinitely, and was alarmed at the
-serious nature of the situation.
-
-When Mr. Douglas discovered the unpopularity of his famous bill, he
-hastened to Springfield and other places in Illinois, to explain
-matters. On the 4th of October, 1854, he spoke in the State House at
-the time of the State Fair. It was expected that Lyman Trumbull, a
-noted Whig politician of Illinois, would reply, but he did not appear.
-Seeing the coast clear, Mr. Douglas spread himself, and made a great
-speech. He was small in stature and somewhat bombastic in his style
-of delivery. He was popularly known among his friends as the "Little
-Giant." Mr. Lincoln had been urged to reply to Mr. Douglas, and, after
-some persuasion, consented to do so. That day he made his first great
-political speech. It is stated that "all the smothered fires of his
-broody days and nights and years burst forth in a power and with an
-eloquence which even those who knew him best had not so much as hoped
-for." Among other things, he said:
-
-     "My distinguished friend, Douglas, says it is an insult to the
-     emigrants to Kansas and Nebraska to suppose that they are not
-     able to govern themselves. We must not slur over an argument of
-     this kind because it happens to tickle the ear. It must be met
-     and answered. I admit that the emigrant to Kansas and Nebraska is
-     competent to govern himself, _but I deny his right to govern any
-     other person without that person's consent_."
-
-I now introduce to my readers one who heard Mr. Douglas and Mr. Lincoln
-on that occasion, fifty-four years ago. It is Rev. R. L. McCord, now
-in his seventy-ninth year. He is an intelligent and highly-respected
-citizen of Lake City, Iowa, and one of my most valued parishioners. I
-shall let Mr. McCord speak for himself:
-
-     "I was then twenty-four years of age, and in my second year as a
-     student in the Illinois Congregational College at Jacksonville,
-     thirty miles west of Springfield. Some of my college mates and I
-     heard Mr. Douglas and Mr. Lincoln speak in the State House, in
-     the fall of 1854. The people were wearied with the lengthy speech
-     of Judge Douglas. When Mr. Lincoln began his reply, for about
-     fifteen minutes he kept the audience in an uproar of laughter and
-     applause. Then he waded into the subject of 'free speech, free
-     soil, and free men,' much to the confusion of the man who 'didn't
-     care whether slavery was voted up or down.' During Mr. Lincoln's
-     reply, Judge Douglas several times interrupted him, saying he
-     was misrepresented. Mr. Lincoln, in his good nature, allowed
-     him to explain a number of times. At one point he was very much
-     worked up, and, pointing his finger at Mr. Lincoln, vehemently
-     demanded a chance to explain. In a very excited manner, Judge
-     Douglas tried to set himself right, using about fifteen minutes
-     of Mr. Lincoln's time. After he was through, Mr. Lincoln spread
-     his mouth, and, with a broad smile, said, 'I believe the "Little
-     Giant" is somewhat agitated,' and, without further attention to
-     the judge, proceeded with his speech. I was so impressed with Mr.
-     Lincoln's speech that on leaving the State House, I said to my
-     college mates, 'Lincoln is my candidate for President at the next
-     election.' This was six years before Mr. Lincoln was nominated at
-     Chicago. The next evening, with my college mates, we called upon
-     Mr. Lincoln at his home and complimented him for his great speech.
-     He received us kindly, shook hands with us, and thanked us for our
-     call. This was my first meeting with Mr. Lincoln, but I met him
-     and heard him speak a number of times afterward."
-
-This speech of Mr. Lincoln's was a noted one, and nearly all his
-biographers mention it, but it has not been left on record, except
-in small extracts. Mr. McCord's statement, made for this book, is
-interesting, and all will be glad to see the picture of his friendly
-and intellectual face as it now appears.
-
-The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill and its effects was the means
-of the destruction of the Whig party, to which Mr. Lincoln belonged,
-the disruption of other party lines, and the organization of a new
-party with Abraham Lincoln as its acknowledged leader, which in a few
-years was to decide the destinies of the United States Government.
-It also had the effect of bringing about a state of civil war in
-Kansas. Thousands of pro- and anti-slavery people flocked to Kansas
-to help decide the destiny of that territory. Illegal votes, bogus
-legislatures, mobs, murders, incendiary acts, and general lawlessness
-were some of the fruits of Mr. Douglas' famous bill for popular
-sovereignty, better known as "squatter sovereignty."
-
-In 1857, Chief-Justice Taney of the United States Supreme Court, with
-a majority of his associates, decided on a test case, known as the
-"Dred Scott Case," that when the Constitution of the United States
-was formed and adopted, a negro slave was not a person, but simply a
-piece of property,—a thing,—and that his master could lawfully take his
-slaves anywhere he pleased, just as he could his horses and his cattle.
-
-The Kansas-Nebraska Bill, the Fugitive Slave Law, and the Dred Scott
-Decision greatly aroused the North. Some declared that the latter
-two laws should not be carried out. This increased the hostility of
-the South. Many persons in the North assisted in what was called the
-"underground railroad"—secretly assisting slaves on their way to Canada
-for freedom.
-
-When a small boy, just beginning to read, I remember seeing at my
-Grandfather Todd's, in southern Indiana, copies of the Louisville
-_Journal_ (now the _Courier-Journal_) with whole columns of
-short advertisements, offering rewards for runaway slaves. Such
-advertisements could easily be recognized at a glance, for each one had
-a small picture of a slave with a carpet-sack on his back making long
-strides for liberty.
-
-The leading opponents of slavery were bitterly hated and persecuted.
-William Lloyd Garrison was mobbed in the city of Boston, and it was
-with great difficulty that his life was saved. Elijah P. Lovejoy, who
-published an anti-slavery paper at Alton, Illinois, was shot down by a
-mob while defending his property and pleading for free speech. Charles
-Sumner, because of a speech he made, was brutally assaulted while
-sitting in his chair in the United States Senate, and was so beaten
-that he was compelled to give up his seat in Congress for four years.
-
-It was well known that neither moral suasion nor the ordinary political
-methods would ever do away with the curse of slavery. The people of
-the North debated, prayed, preached, and voted against slavery, while
-the people of the South were equally zealous in defending slavery,
-contending it was a divine institution.
-
-While matters were in such an unsettled condition a great explosion
-occurred in the fall of 1859 which startled the entire nation. John
-Brown, who had rendered valuable service in keeping slavery out of
-Kansas, with an armed force of seventeen men, made a raid upon Harper's
-Ferry, Virginia, captured the United States arsenal, and for some time
-held the United States army at bay before he was captured. He had
-planned for a general insurrection among the slaves, believing that
-their emancipation depended largely upon themselves. Brown's plans were
-forced before he was ready. It was a rash act, and was not approved
-by the North, but strongly condemned. Brown and others who survived
-the conflict were executed for inciting an insurrection, murder, and
-treason. Brown was a brave and sincere man, but fanatical. As the
-explosion of the _Maine_ hastened the Spanish-American War, so the John
-Brown raid was an important link in the chain of events to hasten the
-downfall of slavery. Seward's "irrepressible conflict" was at hand, and
-his "higher law" was soon to prevail.
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER X.
-
-The Lincoln and Douglas Debates
-
-     Candidates for the United States Senate—Seven Joint Debates—The
-       Paramount Issue—The "Divided House"—"Acts of a Drama"—Douglas
-       Charged Lincoln with Selling Whisky—Lincoln's Denial—A
-       Discovery—Site of the Old Still House in Indiana—Douglas
-       Elected—Lincoln, the Champion of Human Liberty.
-
-
-In 1858, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas were candidates for the
-United States Senate from Illinois. Mr. Douglas, who was a Democrat,
-had already served as Senator, and was a candidate for reëlection.
-Mr. Lincoln was the Republican nominee. Both had had considerable
-experience in politics. Arrangements were made between them to jointly
-discuss the political issues at seven different places, namely, Ottawa,
-August 21; Freeport, August 27; Jonesboro, September 15; Charlestown,
-September 18; Galesburg, October 7; Quincy, October 13, and Alton,
-October 15.
-
-These were the most noted public debates in American history. The
-slavery question, with its various side issues, was the chief topic
-of discussion. These debates were listened to by immense concourses
-of people, and excited the interest of the whole country. Mr. Lincoln
-assumed that slavery was wrong, and opposed the extension of it, while
-Mr. Douglas, without considering the moral phase of the question, was
-in favor of leaving to the vote of the inhabitants of a territory
-whether it should become a State with or without slavery.
-
-Mr. Lincoln's "divided house" argument, first used at Springfield, in
-June, when he was nominated for Senator, was one of the strongest
-applications of scripture ever given. He said:
-
-     "We are now far into the fifth year since a policy was initiated
-     with the avowed object, and confident promise, of putting an end
-     to slavery agitation. Under the operation of that policy, that
-     agitation has not only not ceased, but has constantly augmented.
-     In my opinion it will not cease until a crisis shall have been
-     reached and passed. 'A house divided against itself cannot stand.'
-     I believe this Government cannot endure permanently half slave
-     and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved—I do
-     not expect the house to fall—but I do expect it will cease to be
-     divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either
-     the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and
-     place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is
-     in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push
-     it forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all the States,
-     old as well as new—North as well as South."
-
-In the course of the debates, Mr. Lincoln said of slavery:
-
-     "The real issue in this controversy—the one pressing upon every
-     mind—is the sentiment on the part of one class that looks upon
-     the institution of slavery as a wrong, and of another class that
-     does not look upon it as a wrong.... Because we think it wrong, we
-     propose a course of policy that shall deal with it as a wrong. We
-     deal with it as any other wrong, in so far as we can prevent it
-     from growing any larger, and so deal with it that in the run of
-     time there may be some promise of an end to it."
-
-Because of the great principles involved, and the wide notoriety of
-these debates, Mr. Lincoln said, at Quincy:
-
-     "I was aware, when it was first agreed that Judge Douglas and I
-     were to have these seven joint discussions, that they were the
-     successive acts of a drama—perhaps I should say, to be enacted,
-     not merely in the face of audiences like this, but in the face
-     of the nation, and, to some extent, by my relation to him, and
-     not from anything in myself, in the face of the world; and I am
-     anxious that they should be conducted with dignity and in good
-     temper, which would be befitting the vast audiences before which
-     it was conducted."
-
-In the first debate, at Ottawa, Mr. Douglas said, in reference to the
-early career of himself and Mr. Lincoln in Illinois:
-
-     "I have known him for nearly twenty-five years. There were many
-     points of sympathy between us when we first got acquainted. We
-     were both comparatively boys, and both struggling with poverty in
-     a strange land. I was a school teacher in the town of Winchester,
-     and he a flourishing grocery-keeper in the town of Salem."
-
-It has been stated, in Chapter VII., that in those days to be a
-"grocery-keeper" implied the selling of whisky. In his reply, Mr.
-Lincoln, using the third person, said:
-
-     "The judge is woefully at fault about his early friend Lincoln
-     being a 'grocery-keeper.' I don't know as it would be a great sin
-     if I had been; but he is mistaken. Lincoln never kept a grocery
-     anywhere in the world. It is true that Lincoln did work the latter
-     part of one winter in a little still-house up at the head of a
-     hollow."
-
-Here Lincoln plainly denies ever keeping a grocery, but the query
-arises, Where did he "work the latter part of one winter in a little
-still-house, up at the head of a hollow"? In all the numerous Lincoln
-biographies I have ever examined I have never seen any reference to its
-location. But I have located the place.
-
-Reference has been made to Henry Brooner, one of Lincoln's early
-associates in Indiana. At the time of giving the other items, more than
-twenty years ago, already mentioned, "Uncle Henry" made this statement,
-written at the time, the original still preserved:
-
-     "When I was about twenty-five years old [1829], Abraham Lincoln
-     came to my house, where I now live, and left an article of
-     agreement for me to keep. At that time, one mile north of here,
-     there was a distillery owned by John Dutton. He employed John
-     Johnston, Lincoln's step-brother, to run it that winter, and
-     Lincoln left the article of agreement between the parties for me
-     to keep."
-
-"Oh, Uncle Henry," said I, "find that paper, and I will give you ten
-dollars for it." He said his house burned afterward, and all his
-papers were destroyed. He afterward built a brick house near the same
-foundation.
-
-When "Uncle Henry" gave me this item, I had not read the celebrated
-Lincoln and Douglas debates, and, therefore, knew nothing of Lincoln's
-statement that he had worked at a still-house. When I read the debates,
-fifteen years later, and saw Lincoln's reference to his having "worked
-the latter part of one winter at a little still-house, up at the head
-of a hollow," I was at once struck with what "Uncle Henry" had told me.
-This certainly decides the fact that Lincoln had reference to the time
-when he worked at the Dutton distillery, when his step-brother, John
-Johnston, run it the winter before the Lincolns left for Illinois, in
-1830.
-
-John Kemp, my old friend and a highly-respected citizen, now
-sixty-three years old, who was born and reared on a farm adjoining
-Henry Brooner, told me in July, 1903, in Washington, Indiana, that
-north of the old Brooner farm there is an old farm still known as
-the "Dutton farm," and that he remembered seeing, often, when a small
-boy, near a spring, an old, dilapidated building called the "old
-still-house." He had never heard of John Johnston or of Abraham Lincoln
-working there, for that was before he was born. "Uncle Henry" had been
-dead thirteen years, but I had the record of the statement he made to
-me.
-
-On a bright afternoon, September 7, 1903, Mr. Kemp took me in his buggy
-to see the place. The farm was then owned by John and Harmon Steineker,
-and is on the old Fredonia and Princeton highway, four miles southwest
-of Huntingburg, Dubois County, Indiana. Here is the "Dutton farm," and
-here is a spring in the barn lot. Just across the road, to the right,
-is where the old "still-house" stood, and there is the "hollow" running
-down through the forest. As I viewed the scene, I felt something within
-me akin to what old Archimedes felt when he discovered the solution to
-an important mathematical problem, and exclaimed, "Eureka! Eureka!" ("I
-have found it! I have found it!").
-
-In the joint debates between Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Douglas, the latter
-carried the most popular applause, but the former made the deeper and
-more lasting impressions. Douglas was greeted with the loudest cheers,
-but when Lincoln closed, the people seemed sober and serious. As a
-result of the canvass, Mr. Lincoln had a majority of four thousand of
-the popular vote of the State, but it is stated that the legislative
-districts were so construed that Douglas received a majority of the
-ballots in the legislature, and was, therefore, returned to the United
-States Senate. The debates brought Mr. Lincoln to the front as an able
-and eloquent champion of human liberty and prepared the way for his
-nomination and election to the presidency of the United States.
-
-
-[Illustration: WILLIAM D. ARMSTRONG,
-
-_Of the Armstrong Case. Defended by Lincoln in 1858. This picture was
-taken late in life, as an every-day farmer._]
-
-
-[Illustration: HANNAH ARMSTRONG,
-
-_Wife of Jack Armstrong, and mother of "Duff," whom Lincoln defended._]
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-HONORABLE WILLIAM WALKER.
-
-HONORABLE LYMAN LACEY, SR.
-
-_These lawyers were associated with Mr. Lincoln in the celebrated
-Armstrong Case. Mr. Lacey is still living at Havana, Illinois. Mr.
-Walker died several years ago._]
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER XI.
-
-Lincoln Nominated and Elected President
-
-     Rival Candidates—Great Enthusiasm—Lincoln's Temperance Principles
-       Exemplified—Other Nominations—A Great Campaign—Lincoln's
-       Letter to David Turnham—Lincoln's Election—Secession—Lincoln
-       Inaugurated—Douglas.
-
-
-Abraham Lincoln was nominated as the Republican candidate for President
-of the United States, at Chicago, Illinois, May 18, 1860. Salmon P.
-Chase, William H. Seward, Simon Cameron, William L. Dayton, and Edward
-Bates were the opposing candidates for the nomination. Mr. Lincoln
-was nominated on the third ballot. The nomination was afterward made
-unanimous. The nomination was made amid great applause. It has been
-said that the scene baffled all human description. Mr. Lincoln was the
-second Republican candidate for the Presidency, General John C. Fremont
-being the first, who was nominated in 1856.
-
-Mr. Lincoln was at his home in Springfield, Illinois, when he was
-nominated. His strong temperance principles were again exemplified
-when the committee formally notified him of his nomination. Some of
-his Springfield friends, knowing that he did not keep or use liquors,
-thought he would have nothing of the kind on hands to refresh the
-committee, and offered to furnish what was needed. Mr. Lincoln thanked
-them for their offer, and said, "Gentlemen, I cannot allow you to do
-what I will not do myself."
-
-After the committee had notified him of his nomination, and he had
-responded, accepting the nomination, he said that, as an appropriate
-conclusion to an interview so important and interesting as that which
-had transpired, he supposed good manners would require that he should
-treat the committee with something to drink. Soon a servant entered
-bearing a large waiter containing several glasses, and a large pitcher
-in the midst, and placed it on the center-table. Mr. Lincoln arose and,
-gravely addressing the company, said: "Gentlemen, we must pledge our
-mutual healths in the most healthy beverage which God has given to man.
-It is the only beverage I have ever used or allowed in my family, and
-I cannot conscientiously depart from it on the present occasion—it is
-pure Adam's ale from the spring." And, taking a glass, he touched it to
-his lips, and pledged them his highest respects in a cup of cold water.
-
-The Democratic party was divided. The Northern Democrats nominated
-Stephen A. Douglas, Lincoln's old political rival. The Southern
-Democrats nominated John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky. A third party,
-called the "Union party," nominated John Bell, of Tennessee. The
-campaign that followed was a remarkable one. "The magic words, 'Old
-Abe' and 'Honest Old Abe,' were on thousands of banners."
-
-During the campaign, Mr. Lincoln wrote a letter to his old friend,
-David Turnham, the constable of Spencer County, Indiana, from whom he
-borrowed the "Revised Statutes of Indiana," mentioned in Chapter III.
-This letter is now given to the general public for the first time:
-
-                                  "SPRINGFIELD, ILLS., Oct. 23, 1860.
-
-     "_David Turnham_, _Esq._,
-
-     "MY DEAR OLD FRIEND: Your kind letter of the 17th is received. I
-     am indeed very glad to hear you are still living and well. I well
-     remember when you and I last met, after a separation of fourteen
-     years, at the Cross Road voting place, in the fall of 1844. It is
-     now sixteen years more, and we are both no longer young men.
-
-     "I suppose you are a grandfather, and I, though married much later
-     in life, have a son nearly grown.
-
-     "I would much like to visit the old home, and old friends of my
-     boyhood, but I fear the chance of doing so soon is not very good.
-
-                    "Your friend and sincere well-wisher,
-
-                                         "A. LINCOLN."
-
-The election was held on the sixth of November, 1860, and the result
-showed a popular vote for Lincoln of 1,857,600; for Douglas, 1,365,976;
-for Breckenridge, 847,953, and for Bell, 590,631. In the electoral
-college, Lincoln received 180 votes, Breckenridge, 72, Bell 39, and
-Douglas 12.
-
-Because of an election of a Northern man for President, and fearing
-their "peculiar institution" was in danger, the Southern States began
-the organization of the Southern Confederacy, and when Mr. Lincoln was
-inaugurated, March 4, 1861, seven Southern States had passed ordinances
-of secession, followed later by four other States. Jefferson Davis, of
-Mississippi, was chosen President of the Southern Confederacy.
-
-Mr. Lincoln's inaugural address was noted for its sentiments of good
-will and forbearance, yet he strongly indicated his purpose to maintain
-the Union. He stated that he had no purpose, directly or indirectly, to
-interfere with slavery where it then existed, and that the people of
-the South could have no war unless they became the aggressors.
-
-Stephen A. Douglas, Mr. Lincoln's old political rival, and who was
-also a presidential candidate at the time of Mr. Lincoln's election,
-held Mr. Lincoln's hat while he read his inaugural address, and stated
-to those near him, "If I can't be President, I can hold his hat."
-James Parton, the historian, said of Mr. Douglas: "On the breaking
-out of the Rebellion, in 1861, Stephen A. Douglas gave his hand to
-President Lincoln and engaged to stand by him in his efforts to save
-the country. But his days were numbered. During his herculean labors of
-the previous year he had sustained himself by deep draughts of whisky;
-and his constitution gave way at the very time when a new and nobler
-career opened up before him." He died in Chicago, June 3, 1861, at the
-age of forty-eight years, and only three months after Mr. Lincoln's
-inauguration.
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER XII.
-
-President Lincoln and the Civil War
-
-     The Beginning—Personal Recollections—The War Spirit—Progress of
-       the War—The Emancipation Proclamation—A Fight to
-       Finish—Lincoln's Kindness—He Relieves a Young Soldier—He Names
-       Triplets Who Are Still Living—His Reëlection—The Fall of
-       Richmond—Appomatox—Close of the Rebellion.
-
-
-On the 12th of April, 1861, after Mr. Lincoln was inaugurated, the
-first outbreak of the Civil War was the bombardment of Fort Sumter on
-the part of the South. President Lincoln at once called for volunteers
-to suppress the rebellion.
-
-Although but a small boy at the time, I remember when the war began.
-It was the greatest civil war in human history, and will always be
-associated with Abraham Lincoln. I remember the excitement it produced
-where I resided in southern Indiana and throughout the whole country.
-I recall the floating flag, the mournful sound of the drum, and the
-plaintive music of the fife when volunteers were enlisting for the
-defense of the nation. The neighbors talked war, the newspapers were
-filled with war news. The war spirit entered into the plays of the
-children. Elder fifes, old tin wash-boilers for drums, wooden guns and
-bayonets, and rudely-constructed flags were much in evidence in the
-mimic drilling and marching. How patriotically the little boys sang, as
-did some of their sires in the sunny South:
-
-    "The Union forever, hurrah! boys, hurrah!
-    Down with the traitor, up with the stars,
-    While we rally round the flag, boys, rally once again,
-    Shouting the battle-cry of freedom!"
-
-How the schoolboys played war in the autumn! The forts were made of old
-fence rails and logs, and how they were bombarded with cannon-balls of
-green walnuts, and how the "rebels" were routed and some captured! In
-the winter-time how the snow-balls would fly as the two armies stood in
-battle array!
-
-What a sad day it was when the news came that our "circuit rider,"
-a young minister, who had so often been in our home, and who had
-enlisted, was killed at Vicksburg, Mississippi, in May, 1863.
-
-Early in 1865, I saw my name in print for the first time by writing a
-letter for publication in the _Children's Friend_, published at Dayton,
-Ohio, in which I made the statement, "I am a Union boy fourteen years
-old, and wish the war was over."
-
-After the war had continued a year and a half, with victories and
-defeats on both sides, the President, on the 22d of September, 1862,
-issued the provisional Emancipation Proclamation, which was to the
-effect that the South would be given from that time up to the first
-of January, 1863, to lay down their arms, keep their slaves, and find
-their proper places in the Union, otherwise a proclamation would be
-issued to set at liberty their slaves. The South did not accept the
-overtures of President Lincoln, and the Emancipation Proclamation was
-issued. It was issued as a war measure, upon military necessity, and
-on the condition that the traitor forfeits his property. After this
-the war, upon the part of the North, was not only to suppress the
-rebellion, but for the purpose of abolishing slavery, and the South
-fought not only to preserve the Confederacy, but for the institution of
-slavery itself. It was now a fight to finish upon both sides, and to
-settle great principles and interests.
-
-Those were times that tried men's souls, but none were so tried as was
-the soul of him who stood at the helm and guided the ship of state in
-that stormy period of our country's history.
-
-Throughout the war Mr. Lincoln was very kind and forbearing in his
-dealings with all classes of men. Many a deserter owed his life to the
-pardoning power of President Lincoln, one of whom I knew personally
-for many years. Besides his heavy duties as President, under such
-extraordinary circumstances, he went to extra trouble in relieving
-persons in many cases who came to him for help. George W. Wolf, an
-upright and influential citizen, who resides near Georgetown, Floyd
-County, Indiana, was corporal of Company C, of the Eighty-first Indiana
-Regiment, in the Civil War, and afterward sergeant of the Seventh
-Veteran Reserve Corps. At his home, November 26, 1904, he related to me
-the following incident, which came under his observation, showing the
-kind nature of President Lincoln:
-
-     "A young soldier, about twenty years of age, belonging to an
-     Illinois regiment, was taken sick on the field, and sent to a
-     hospital. For some time after his partial recovery he was not able
-     for field service, and was put in the First Battalion Reserve
-     Corps, which was in camp in the rear of the President's mansion.
-     He came to me one day and said: 'Sergeant, what would you do if
-     you had been sent from your company to a hospital, and then sent
-     here, and could draw no money from the paymaster on account of not
-     having a descriptive roll?'
-
-     "'I would send for it,' said I.
-
-     "'I have sent for it two or three times, but it never came,' said
-     he.
-
-     "'Then I would go and see Uncle Abe,' said I.
-
-     "'What,' said he, 'a private soldier go up and see the President?
-     Would he notice me?'
-
-     "'Yes,' I replied, 'and I will go with you.'
-
-     "The next morning we secured a pass, and went to see the
-     President. The young man was very nervous. After waiting a few
-     minutes, we were admitted to the President's room. Mr. Lincoln,
-     after dropping his feet from a table, said, 'Well, soldiers, what
-     can I do for you?'
-
-     "Before entering, I told the young man he must do his own talking,
-     but I answered, 'This soldier wants to see you about getting pay
-     for his service.'
-
-     "Mr. Lincoln, after a short conversation, wrote the name of the
-     soldier, his regiment, when he enlisted, that he had received but
-     one payment, that he had tried more than once, and had failed.
-     Then Mr. Lincoln said, 'I will see to it.'
-
-     "The next day, about noon, the young soldier was ordered to go to
-     the paymaster and draw his money. He received all his pay, and a
-     bounty beside, for he had been without pay for two years. After
-     receiving his money he joyfully took off his cap, threw it up in
-     the air, and exclaimed, 'Boys, if they don't treat you right, go
-     to Old Abe, and he will make it right.'"
-
-In the _Farm and Fireside_, published at Springfield, Ohio, of March
-7, 1906, appeared an article written by J. L. Graff, concerning a
-set of triplets, yet living, who were named by President Lincoln.
-The family name is Haskins. The picture of the triplets appeared in
-connection with the article. The names given by Mr. Lincoln were Simon
-Cameron, Secretary of War; Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, and
-Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States. Recently I wrote a
-letter addressed to the triplets, in care of Abraham Lincoln Haskins,
-enclosing the article and their picture, asking for the verification of
-the facts stated and for other information. In due time I received the
-following letter:
-
-                              "BARABOO, WISCONSIN, January 17, 1909.
-
-     "REV. J. T. HOBSON, DEAR SIR:—I received a letter from you asking
-     if I was one of the Haskins triplets. Yes, sir; I am. We were born
-     May 24, 1861, and named by Abraham Lincoln. We are all alive and
-     well. I am sorry to say that I have no picture of us three, and
-     never had them taken but once in our lives, and the one that I
-     had I sent to Mr. J. L. Graff, of Chicago. One brother is here in
-     Baraboo, the other is in Coleman, Michigan, whose name is Simon.
-     That picture you sent is an exact picture of us. A Mr. Cole,
-     editor of the Baraboo _News_, tried to find the letter that Mr.
-     Lincoln wrote to my folks. All that he could find out was that it
-     was in some museum in Washington. I wish we could get it, for I
-     would highly prize it. We boys never saw it. He wrote to my father
-     and asked him if it was true that he was the father of three
-     boys of the same age. He wrote and told him it was so; then Mr.
-     Lincoln wrote again, saying that he would be pleased to name us.
-     Father wrote and told him that he would be pleased to have him
-     name us. He said the first should be named Abraham Lincoln, the
-     second Gideon Welles, and the third Simon Cameron. We were born
-     in Starksboro, Addison County, Vermont. My mother's name, before
-     she was married, was Louisa E. Grace, and if there ever was a
-     Christian she was the very best one. If there is anything more I
-     can do for you I will be very glad to do so. I feel proud of my
-     name, and try hard to honor it in every respect.
-
-                              "Yours, with respect,
-
-                                         "ABRAHAM LINCOLN HASKINS."
-
-I feel sure the reader will be pleased to see in this book the picture
-of the triplets, yet living, who were named by President Lincoln.
-
-Mr. Lincoln was reëlected President of the United States, November 8,
-1864, and entered upon his second term March 4, 1865. General George
-B. McClellan was the Democratic candidate. The London _Spectator_
-declared the second inaugural address of Mr. Lincoln to be the noblest
-political document known to history.
-
-In the meantime the war was being industriously prosecuted. Important
-victories, with some reverses, came to the North from time to time. The
-rebellion finally collapsed in the fall of Richmond, Virginia, April 3,
-and the surrender of General Lee to General Grant at Appomattox Court
-House, April 9, 1865.
-
-Mr. Nichols, in his "Life of Abraham Lincoln," says:
-
-     "The spontaneous and universal rejoicings of the people of the
-     country at the complete overthrow of the rebellion were such as
-     had never been witnessed before on any continent. Men laughed,
-     cried, shouted, shook hands with each other; there were parades
-     by day and at night. America was illuminated by discharge of
-     fireworks and thousands of torchlight processions. The war was
-     over. Peace stretched her white wings over our beloved land."
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER XIII.
-
-Death of President Lincoln
-
-     Personal Recollections—The Tragic Event—Mr. Stanton—A Nation in
-       Sorrow—The Funeral—The Interment at Springfield, Illinois—The
-       House in Which President Lincoln Died—Changed Conditions—The
-       South Honors Lincoln—A United People—A Rich Inheritance.
-
-
-On the 15th of April, 1865, my father came hurriedly into the house
-with the exclamatory interrogation, addressed to mother, "Guess who's
-dead!" Mother at once thought of her old father, and asked if it were
-he. Then came the startling news, "Lincoln is killed!" What a shock
-it was to our family, as it was to thousands of others. We looked at
-the little two-year-old boy of the household who bore the President's
-name, and, with childish superstition, wondered if he would suffer any
-disadvantages because of the murder of President Lincoln.
-
-On Friday evening, April 14, the President was in attendance at
-Ford's Theater, on Tenth Street, in Washington, D. C. The proceeds of
-the entertainment were to be given to a charity benefit, and it was
-widely advertised that the President and wife, with General Grant and
-others would be present. John Wilkes Booth, a fanatic and Southern
-sympathizer, shot the President in the head at 10:15. He at once became
-unconscious, and never regained consciousness. He was carried across
-the street to a house, where he died the next morning at 7:23. Mrs.
-Lincoln, the son Robert T., Private Secretary John Hay, several members
-of the cabinet, surgeons, Rev. Dr. Gurley, Senator Charles Sumner, and
-others were present when the end came.
-
-No one, outside of the family, was so deeply moved at the striking
-down of the President as was Mr. Stanton. It will be remembered that
-Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Stanton first met in 1857, at the trial of the
-McCormick Reaper Patent case, in Cincinnati, Ohio, and that at the
-trial Stanton slighted Mr. Lincoln and made uncomplimentary remarks
-about him. Four years later, President Lincoln chose Mr. Stanton a
-member of his cabinet, making him Secretary of War. Their relations
-were very close during the war period up to the time of Mr. Lincoln's
-death.
-
-F. B. Carpenter, in his book, "Six Months at the White House," says:
-
-     "A few days before the President's death, Secretary Stanton
-     tendered his resignation of the War Department. He accompanied the
-     act with a heartfelt tribute to Mr. Lincoln's constant friendship
-     and faithful devotion to the country, saying, also, that he, as
-     secretary, had accepted the position to hold it only until the war
-     should end, and that now he felt his work was done, and his duty
-     was to resign.
-
-     "Mr. Lincoln was greatly moved by the secretary's words, and,
-     tearing in pieces the paper containing his resignation, and
-     throwing his arms about the secretary, he said, 'Stanton, you have
-     been a good friend and a faithful public servant, and it is not
-     for you to say when you will no longer be needed here.' Several
-     friends of both parties were present on the occasion, and there
-     was not a dry eye that witnessed the scene."
-
-When Lincoln fell, Stanton was almost heart-broken, and as he knelt by
-his side was heard to say to himself: "Am I indeed left alone? None may
-now ever know or tell what we have suffered together in the nation's
-darkest hours." When the surgeon-general said to him that there was
-no hope, he could not believe it, and passionately exclaimed, "No, no,
-general; no, no!"
-
-When Lincoln expired, and just after prayer by Doctor Gurley, Stanton
-was the first to break the silence, saying, "Now he belongs to the
-ages."
-
-At the death of President Lincoln the nation was suddenly turned from
-demonstrations of great joy, on account of the closing of the war, to
-intense grief and unutterable horror. W. O. Stoddard says, "It was as
-if there had been a death in every home throughout the land." J. H.
-Barrett says:
-
-     "Never before was rejoicing turned into such sudden and
-     overwhelming sorrow. A demon studying how most deeply to wound
-     the greatest number of hearts, could have devised no act for
-     his purpose like that which sent Abraham Lincoln to his grave.
-     No man's loss could have been so universally felt as that of a
-     father, brother, friend. Many a fireside was made lonely by this
-     bereavement. Sadness and despondency seized upon all. Men ceased
-     business, and workmen returned home with their dinner buckets
-     unopened. The merchants left their counting-rooms for the privacy
-     of their dwellings. A gloom, intensified by the transition from
-     the pomp and rejoicing of the day before, settled impenetrably on
-     every mind. Bells sadly tolled in all parts of the land. Mourning
-     drapery was quickly seen from house to house on every square of
-     the national capital; and all the chief places of the country
-     witnessed, by spontaneous demonstration, their participation in
-     the general sorrow. In every loyal pulpit, and at every true altar
-     throughout the nation, the great public grief was the theme of
-     earnest prayer and discourse on the day following. One needs not
-     to dwell on what no pen can describe, and on what no adult living
-     on that day can ever forget."
-
-Funeral services were conducted in the East Room of the White House
-on Wednesday, April 19, by Doctor Gurley, of the Presbyterian Church.
-Andrew Johnson, the successor of President Lincoln, by proclamation,
-recommended that memorial services be held that day throughout the
-United States. I kept my first diary that year, and made the following
-entry for that day:
-
-     "Abraham Lincoln's funeral preached; order to hold meeting at
-     every church in the U. S. Heard David Swartz preach in Clear
-     Spring. 2 Samuel, 3 chapter, 38 verse. The minister was a
-     Methodist, and the words of the text were, 'Know ye not that there
-     is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel?'"
-
-The remains of President Lincoln were taken to his old home,
-Springfield, Illinois, for interment. An address was there delivered by
-Mr. Lincoln's highly-esteemed friend, Bishop Simpson, of the Methodist
-Episcopal Church. A large monument, appropriate to the memory of him
-who "bound the nation and unbound the slave," marks the place where his
-body lies in Oak Ridge Cemetery.
-
-The three-story brick building in which President Lincoln died in
-Washington City is still standing. The lower story is used by Mr. O. H.
-Oldroyd, containing the Oldroyd Lincoln Memorial Collection, consisting
-of more than three thousand articles pertaining to the martyred
-President. I visited this house, May 23, 1901. In some pictures of the
-house in which Lincoln died there is a flag floating from a window in
-the second story, and in others the third story, with the statement
-that the flag indicates the room in which President Lincoln died.
-Neither is correct. He died in a small room on the first floor, in the
-rear part of the building.
-
-It is now nearly forty-four years since Abraham Lincoln died. There have
-been great changes in our country during that time. The South now
-vindicates Lincoln, and realizes that he was their friend. Peace and
-good will now prevail between the North and the South, cemented by the
-blood of Lincoln.
-
-Joseph H. Bradley, chaplain National Soldiers' Home of Virginia, in
-a communication to the _Ram's Horn_, quotes from a letter written by
-General William G. Webb, a Christian ex-Confederate:
-
-     "Abraham Lincoln was a great and good man, and was raised up by
-     God to preserve this nation as one and indivisible, and to give
-     freedom to the slaves. As a Confederate, I could not see it;
-     and after our defeat it took me some time to grasp it; but it
-     became very plain to me after a while. God has a great work for
-     this nation to do, and Mr. Lincoln was, like Washington, one of
-     his instruments to prepare the people for this mission which the
-     United States is to accomplish toward the enlightenment, freedom,
-     and Christianization of the world."
-
-I heard a lecture on Abraham Lincoln at Corydon, Indiana, March 17,
-1899, by Henry Watterson, the talented editor of the Louisville
-_Courier-Journal_ and ex-Confederate, in which he said, "If Lincoln
-was not inspired of God, then there is no such thing on earth as
-special providence or the interposition of divine power in the affairs
-of men."
-
-In 1903, the State of Mississippi, the second State to pass an
-ordinance of secession, and the home of Jefferson Davis, President of
-the Southern Confederacy, requested Honorable Robert T. Lincoln to
-furnish a picture of his father to hang in the new capitol building at
-Jackson. The request was as follows:
-
-     "We of the South now realize the greatness and the goodness of the
-     character of Abraham Lincoln, and would honor his memory. Nothing
-     that we could do would add to his fame. We can, however, show our
-     respect and love for him. Permit me, therefore, in the name of the
-     State, to invite you to place a portrait of President Lincoln in
-     the new capitol of Mississippi; that it may symbolize his love for
-     his country, his devotion to duty, and his heartfelt sympathy for
-     the Southern people."
-
-Abraham Lincoln loved the South. He was Southern born. At his last
-cabinet meeting, on the date of his death, he advised that forbearance,
-clemency, and charity should be the controlling principles in dealing
-with difficult problems awaiting practical solution.
-
-What a rich inheritance we have in the example and deeds, the pen and
-voice of Abraham Lincoln. What an inspiration his noble life should
-be to struggling young men who trace the footsteps in his eventful
-history, and learn the motives that prompted him in all his actions.
-
-Not long since I received a communication from a stranger, a poor
-orphan boy in far-away Turkey. He lives in Konia, the ancient Iconium,
-mentioned in the New Testament. He says: "I have read in some books
-about Lincoln. I love and admire him as one of the greatest men that
-ever have been lived on earth." His appeal for an opportunity to know
-more about Lincoln was pathetic.
-
-Many years ago a young man said:
-
-     "I was only a child when Abraham Lincoln died, but I cannot think
-     of his death without feeling the same pain I would feel if it had
-     been my father. I never saw him, and yet it seems that I knew him
-     and loved him personally. I am sure I am a better man because
-     Lincoln lived. His straightforward, simple, truthful life puts all
-     meaner lives to shame."
-
-O. H. Oldroyd, editor of the "Lincoln Memorial Album," says:
-
-     "His fame is world-wide and stands in history more lasting than a
-     monument of brass. His words will continue to sound through the
-     ages as long as the flowers shall bloom or the waters flow."
-
-Another writer says:
-
-     "We hear Lincoln's words in every schoolhouse and college, in
-     every cabin, and at every public meeting. We read them in every
-     newspaper, school-book, and magazine, and they are all in favor
-     of right, liberty, and truth, and of honesty and reverence for
-     God. His words, some of them as familiar as the Bible, are on the
-     tongues of the people, shaping the national character."
-
-Bishop Newman said:
-
-     "There is no name more deserving of imperishable fame than Abraham
-     Lincoln. He is embalmed in song, recorded in history, eulogized
-     in panegyric, cast in bronze, sculptured in marble, painted on
-     canvas, enshrined in the hearts of his countrymen, and lives in
-     the memories of mankind."
-
-
-[Illustration: GEORGE W. TURNHAM,
-
-_Of Evansville, Indiana, son of the Indiana constable who loaned
-Lincoln the Revised Statutes of Indiana. Mr. Turnham has a letter
-written to his father by Lincoln in 1860, and printed in this volume._]
-
-
-[Illustration: MOSES MARTIN.
-
-_Mr. Martin signed a temperance pledge presented by Abraham Lincoln in
-1847. Mr. Martin resides at Edinburg, Illinois, and is eighty years of
-age._]
-
-
-[Illustration: MAJOR J. B. MERWIN,
-
-_Who canvassed Illinois with Lincoln for State Prohibition in 1854-55,
-and was associated with Mr. Lincoln till the day of his death. Major
-Merwin now resides at Middleburg, Conn._]
-
-
-[Illustration: REV. R. L. McCORD,
-
-_Of Lake City, Iowa, who named Lincoln as his candidate for President
-after hearing him speak at Springfield, Illinois, in 1854._]
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER XIV.
-
-Unpublished Official Documents
-
-     A Discovery—Documents of Historic Value—Lincoln Owned Land in
-       Iowa—Copy of Letters Patent from United States, under James
-       Buchanan, to Abraham Lincoln, in 1860—Copy of Deed Executed by
-       Honorable Robert T. Lincoln and Wife in 1892—Other Transfers—The
-       Present Owner.
-
-
-A few months ago I learned through a newspaper that Abraham Lincoln, at
-the time of his death, owned land in the State of Iowa, by virtue of
-his having served in the Black Hawk War of 1832. He was given a land
-script, good for one hundred and twenty acres, which he located in what
-is now Crawford County, Iowa. Having never heard of this before, I went
-to Denison, the county-seat, and, through the law and abstract office
-of Shaw, Sims & Kuehnle, obtained the information where the records
-could be found in the county recorder's office. The above-named Shaw is
-the Honorable Leslie M. Shaw, ex-Governor of Iowa and ex-Secretary of
-the United States Treasury under President Roosevelt.
-
-Through the kindness of the county recorder, W. E. Terry, I was allowed
-to copy the records in the case. Probably Abraham Lincoln never saw the
-land, but because of their historical value the records are here given.
-The first is the letters-patent from the United States to Abraham
-Lincoln. Record D, page 18. Original Entry, page 125.
-
-     "THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
-
-     "_To All Whom, These Presents Shall Come, Greeting_:
-
-     "WHEREAS, In pursuance of the Act of Congress, approved March
-     3, 1855, entitled An Act, in addition to certain Acts, Granting
-     Bounty Land to certain officers and soldiers who have been engaged
-     in the military service of the United States, There has been
-     deposited in the General Land Office, Warrant No. 68645, for
-     120 acres of land in favor of Abraham Lincoln, Captain Illinois
-     Militia, Black Hawk War, with evidence that the same has been duly
-     located upon the east half of the northeast quarter, and northwest
-     quarter of the northeast quarter of section eighteen, in Township
-     eighty-four, north of Range thirty-nine west, in the district of
-     Lands subject to sale at Council Bluffs, Iowa, containing one
-     hundred and twenty acres, according to the official plat of the
-     survey of the said land returned to the General Land Office by the
-     Surveyor General, the said tract having been located by the said
-     Abraham Lincoln.
-
-     "Know ye, That there is, therefore, granted by the United States
-     unto the said Abraham Lincoln, heirs, and assigns forever.
-
-     "In Testimony, whereof, I, James Buchanan, President of the United
-     States of America, have caused these Letters to be made Patent,
-     and the seal of the General Land Office to be hereto affixed.
-
-     "[SEAL.]
-
-     "Given under my hand, at the City of Washington, the tenth day
-     of September, in the year of our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred
-     and Sixty, and of the Independence of the United States the
-     Eighty-fifth.
-
-          "By the President:             JAMES BUCHANAN.
-
-       "By J. B. LEONARD, _Sec._
-
-          "G. W. GRANGER, _Recorder of the General Land Office_.
-
-       "Recorded vol. 468, page 53."
-
-The following copy of the warranty deed from Robert T. Lincoln and
-wife to Henry Edwards is recorded in Deed Record 13, page 208. Robert
-T. Lincoln at this time was minister from the United States to Great
-Britain, under President Benjamin Harrison's administration:
-
-
-     "WARRANTY DEED.
-
-     "Filed April 26, A. D. 1892, at 2:10 P.M., W. W. Cushman, Recorder.
-
-     "_Know All Men by These Presents_:
-
-     "That we, Robert T. Lincoln and Mary H. Lincoln, his wife, of
-     Cook County, and State of Illinois, in consideration of the sum
-     of Thirteen Hundred Dollars ($1,300) to us in hand paid by Henry
-     Edwards, of Crawford County, and State of Iowa, do hereby sell
-     and convey unto the said Henry Edwards the following described
-     premises, situated in the County of Crawford, and State of Iowa,
-     to-wit:
-
-     "The east half of the northeast quarter, and the northwest quarter
-     of the northeast quarter of section eighteen (18) in Township
-     eighty-four (84), north of Range thirty-nine (39), west of the
-     Principal Meridian.
-
-     "And we covenant with the said Henry Edwards that we hold said
-     premises by good and perfect title, that we have good right and
-     lawful authority to sell and convey the same, that they are
-     free and clear of all liens and all encumbrances, whatsoever,
-     excepting the taxes levied, or to be levied, for the year 1892,
-     and excepting also a lease of said land expiring on or about the
-     fourth day of May, A. D. 1894, and we covenant to warrant and
-     defend the title to said premises against the lawful claims of
-     all persons, whomsoever, excepting as against the said taxes, and
-     the said lease, the obligation and discharge of both of which are
-     hereby assumed by the said Henry Edwards.
-
-     "The said Robert T. Lincoln hereby declares that his title to said
-     land is wholly by descent, and derived as follows, namely:
-
-     "That Abraham Lincoln, the patentee of said land, died on the 15th
-     day of April, 1865, intestate, leaving heirs surviving, his widow,
-     Mary Lincoln, and his two sons, Robert T. Lincoln and Thomas
-     Lincoln, and no other heirs; that said Thomas Lincoln died on the
-     15th day of July, A. D. 1871, in the nineteenth year of his age,
-     intestate, and unmarried, leaving him surviving as his only heirs
-     his mother, said Mary Lincoln, and his brother, said Robert T.
-     Lincoln; that said Mary Lincoln died on the 16th day of July, A.
-     D. 1882, intestate, and a widow, leaving her surviving as her sole
-     heir, said Robert T. Lincoln; and that the estate of said Abraham
-     Lincoln, Thomas Lincoln, and Mary Lincoln were successively duly
-     administered according to law in the county court of Sangamon
-     County, in the State of Illinois, and that all claims against them
-     were duly paid and discharged.
-
-     "Signed the twenty-second day of March, A. D. 1892.
-
-                                         "ROBERT T. LINCOLN.
-                                         "MARY H. LINCOLN.
-
-
-     "UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
-
-     "Legation of the United States of America at London on this 22d
-     day of March, A. D. 1892, before me Larz Anderson, a secretary of
-     the Legation of the United States of America at London, aforesaid,
-     came Robert T. Lincoln and Mary H. Lincoln, his wife, personally
-     to me known to be the identical persons whose names are affixed
-     to the above instrument as grantors thereof, and acknowledged the
-     execution of the same to be their voluntary act and deed for the
-     purpose therein expressed.
-
-     "Witness my hand and the seal of said Legation the day and year
-     last above written.
-
-     "The Legation of the United States of America to Great Britain.
-
-                                         LARZ ANDERSON,
-                                    "_Secretary of Legation_."
-
-On the 20th of April, 1892, the above-named Henry Edwards sold the land
-to Enoch T. Cochran, consideration $1,500. Recorded May 2, 1892, Deed
-Book 12, page 624.
-
-On the 20th of October, 1892, Enoch T. Cochran sold the land to the
-present owner, Peter F. Jepsen, consideration $1,925. Recorded October
-24, 1892, Deed Book 15, page 135.
-
-I copied the foregoing records in the recorder's office, in Dennison,
-Crawford County, Iowa, in the afternoon of May 22, 1908. Mr. Jepsen,
-the present owner of the land, is a retired German farmer and resides
-in Denison. I called at his home after I had copied the records. He
-came to the United States in 1867, and is proud of the fact that he
-is the owner of the land that Abraham Lincoln owned. The land joins
-another farm which Mr. Jepsen owns, where he formerly resided, in
-Goodrich Township, about seven miles northwest of Denison. The present
-veteran county surveyor, Moses Henry, told me that he surveyed the land
-Lincoln owned, and that it is now valued at one hundred dollars per
-acre.
-
-
-[Illustration: THE OLD STILL-HOUSE SITE
-
-_In Indiana, where Lincoln worked the latter part of the winter before
-going to Illinois, in March, 1830._]
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-GIDEON WELLS HASKINS
-
-ABRAHAM LINCOLN HASKINS
-
-SIMON CAMERON HASKINS
-
-_Triplets named by Abraham Lincoln in 1861. They are still living._]
-
-
-[Illustration: HOUSE IN WHICH LINCOLN DIED]
-
-
-[Illustration: LINCOLN'S MILL]
-
-
-
-
-CHAPTER XV.
-
-Celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of Lincoln's Birth
-
-     Preparations—General Observance—President Roosevelt Lays
-       Corner-stone of Lincoln Museum at Lincoln's Birthplace—Extracts
-       from Addresses at Various Places—Closing Tribute.
-
-
-Never, perhaps, in the history of mankind has such general recognition
-been given to the anniversary of any man's birth as was given to
-the one hundredth anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth on Friday,
-February 12, 1909. For weeks in advance the newspapers, both religious
-and secular, and the magazines were decorated with his pictures, and
-other pictures illustrating many scenes in his life. The recollections
-of personal friends and acquaintances, war incidents, stories,
-anecdotes, and his personal traits were placed on record, with various
-announcements and programs for the coming anniversary, showed the great
-interest attached to his name and his history.
-
-The day was made a national holiday by Congress and the proclamation
-of the President, supplemented by legislatures and governors of many
-States. The event was celebrated, almost without exception, by all
-the common schools, colleges, and universities throughout the nation.
-Churches, Grand Army posts, Young Men's Christian Associations,
-the various temperance organizations, clubs, trades unions, and
-almost every form of organized bodies celebrated the day. Courts
-and legislatures adjourned and joined in the general anniversary
-exercises, or held separate exercises. The wheels of the general
-Government at Washington, D. C., stopped to recognize the great
-memorial day. Business in many places was practically suspended in
-honor of the day. In every community, town, and city the praises of
-Lincoln were heard.
-
-Orations delivered by great and undistinguished men and women,
-pertaining to many phases of Lincoln's life and character, were given.
-Prayers, religious and patriotic songs were heard. Pictures, flowers,
-flags, parades, and banquets were greatly in evidence. The Gettysburg
-address, the Emancipation Proclamation, the second inaugural address,
-Lincoln's favorite poem, "Oh, why should the spirit of mortal be
-proud?" with many other selections, were recited and read.
-
-The Southern people, as well as the Northern, joined in the general
-exercises of the day. The colored people were enthusiastic in showing
-their appreciation of what Mr. Lincoln had done for their race. In many
-cities in foreign countries, including London, Berlin, Honolulu, and
-Rome, the anniversary was observed.
-
-The center of attraction was the celebration at Lincoln's birthplace,
-on the farm three miles from Hodgenville, Larue County, Kentucky. A
-large tent had been erected for the occasion, with a platform inside
-for the speakers. In front of the platform was placed a rebuilt little
-cabin, sixteen feet square, which had itinerated in many parts of the
-country and exhibited as the cabin in which Abraham Lincoln was born.
-The little cabin, set in flowers contributed by the school children
-of Kentucky, and decorated with the national colors, very fitly
-illustrated the kind of a cabin in which the great emancipator was
-born. When Lincoln was born in a log cabin on that spot, no one could
-imagine that a future President was born there, and that a hundred
-years later another President would stand on the same spot to assist in
-celebrating his birth.
-
-Five extra trains came from Louisville to Hodgenville, bearing persons
-from various points in the United States. These were conveyed by
-carriages to the place of celebration. The day there was rainy, but the
-foreign and local attendance was estimated at eight thousand. Among the
-distinguished persons present were President Roosevelt, Mrs. Roosevelt,
-and daughter, Miss Ethel; Mr. Loeb, the President's private secretary;
-Ex-Governor Joseph Folk, of Missouri, president of the Lincoln Farm
-Association; Governor A. E. Willson, of Kentucky; General James G.
-Wilson, and Luke E. Wright, Secretary of War.
-
-There were various committees, guards and police. Good order
-prevailed. All lines of the North and the South were blotted out in
-representation, men of both sections taking part in the exercises.
-Twenty-six negro citizens, appointed by Governor Willson, as a
-reception committee, represented their race.
-
-After prayer, Ex-Governor Folk, of Missouri, president of the Lincoln
-Farm Association, said, in part:
-
-     "Here, on this farm, one hundred years ago to-day, was born the
-     strongest, strangest, gentlest character the republic has ever
-     known. His work was destined to have a more far-reaching influence
-     than any that went before him. Until recently this spot which
-     should be hallowed by every American, was unnoticed and abandoned.
-     Inspired by the idea that due regard for the apostle of human
-     liberty who sprang from this soil demanded the preservation of
-     his birthplace, a few patriotic men organized the Lincoln Farm
-     Association, to purchase this property and to erect upon it a
-     memorial to that simple, but sublime life that here came into the
-     world. This association is purely patriotic in its purposes, and
-     the movement has met with a ready response from every section of
-     the nation. In revering the name of Lincoln, there is now no North
-     or South, or East or West. There is but one heart in all, and that
-     the heart of patriotic America. So the memorial to be erected
-     here, by South as well as North, will not only be in memory of
-     Lincoln, but it will be a testimony that the fires of hatred
-     kindled by the fierce civil conflict of nearly half a century ago,
-     are dead, and from the ashes has arisen the red rose of patriotism
-     to a common country and loyalty to a common flag."
-
-President Roosevelt, in behalf of the nation, said, in part:
-
-     "He lived in days that were great and terrible, when brother
-     fought against brother for what each sincerely deemed to be the
-     right. In a contest so grim the strong men who alone can carry
-     it through are rarely able to do justice to the deep convictions
-     of those with whom they grapple in mortal strife. At such times
-     men see through a glass darkly; to only the rarest and loftiest
-     spirits is vouchsafed that clear vision which gradually comes to
-     all, even to the lesser, as the struggle fades into distance, and
-     wounds are forgotten, and peace creeps back to the hearts that
-     were hurt. But to Lincoln was given this supreme vision. He did
-     not hate the man from whom he differed. Weakness was as foreign as
-     wickedness to his strong, gentle nature; but his courage was of
-     a quality so high that it needed no bolstering of dark passion.
-     He saw clearly that the same high qualities, the same courage and
-     willingness for self-sacrifice, and devotion to the right as it
-     was given them to see the right, belonged both to the men of the
-     North and to the men of the South. As the years roll by, and as
-     all of us, wherever we dwell, grow to feel an equal pride in the
-     valor and self-devotion alike of the men who wore the blue and the
-     men who wore the gray, so this whole nation will grow to feel a
-     peculiar sense of pride in the man whose blood was shed for the
-     union of his people, and for the freedom of a race. The lover of
-     his country and of all mankind; the mightiest of the mighty men
-     who mastered the mighty days, Abraham Lincoln."
-
-Governor Willson, in behalf of Kentucky, for her greatest son, said, in
-part:
-
-     "We have met here on this farm where he was born, in memory of
-     Abraham Lincoln, to know for ourselves and to prove to the world,
-     by a record made to endure, and deep graven on these acres, that
-     the love of country and of its nobly useful citizens are not
-     dreams, nor idle words, but indeed living, stirring, and breathing
-     feelings. Abraham Lincoln is claimed by all humanity and all time
-     as the type of the race best showing forth the best in all men in
-     all conditions of life.
-
-     "Here are met to-day, with equal zeal to do him honor, soldiers
-     of the war for and against the Union, heroes of the Union and the
-     Confederacy, Americans all, no one less pledged than the other,
-     not only by the bond of the covenant of our law, but alike by the
-     dearest feelings of his heart and fervor of his blood, to our
-     united country and its beautiful flag."
-
-General James G. Wilson, of New York, who was in the Union Army, spoke
-fitting words in behalf of the Union, while General Luke E. Wright, who
-was in the Confederate Army, now Secretary of War, spoke fitting words
-in behalf of the Confederacy.
-
-President Roosevelt laid the corner-stone of the Lincoln Museum, which
-is to be built of limestone and white marble. He spread white cement
-with a silver trowel where the stone was to set. The stone, weighing
-three thousand pounds, was placed in position with a derrick. A number
-of articles were deposited in a leaden box placed in the stone before
-it was set, among which was the life of Lincoln written by President
-Roosevelt and the speeches delivered on the occasion.
-
-In connection with the depository of articles, an aged negro, Isaac T.
-Montgomery, of Mississippi, said to have been at one time a slave of
-Jefferson Davis, President of the Southern Confederacy, was assigned
-the appropriate honor of depositing in the box a copy of President
-Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. In doing this he made a brief
-speech, in which he referred to himself "as one of the former millions
-of slaves to whom Lincoln gave freedom, and the representative of
-10,000,000 grateful negro citizens."
-
-The cabin in which it is alleged Abraham Lincoln was born will be
-kept in the memorial building. It is expected that the building will
-be dedicated in April, by William H. Taft, who will be inaugurated
-President of the United States, March 4, 1909.
-
-The spot where Abraham Lincoln was born will, for coming ages, be the
-most sacred shrine in all this great country, whose government he died
-to save.
-
-At Lincoln City, Spencer County, Indiana, where the Lincolns lived
-fourteen years after moving from Kentucky, and before moving to
-Illinois, and where Abraham's mother lies buried, exercises were held.
-The school children of Evansville, Indiana, raised money to purchase a
-flag, and the school children of Indianapolis sent a wreath of flowers,
-both of which were placed on Mrs. Lincoln's grave. A procession of one
-hundred school children of Lincoln City, headed by Principal Curtis Cox
-and the other teachers, marched to the grave, where the exercises were
-held.
-
-At Springfield, Illinois, Lincoln's old home, and where his body
-rests in the great monument erected to his memory, imposing exercises
-were held in various places well worthy of the man. Mr. Lincoln was
-instrumental in having the State capital moved from Vandalia to
-Springfield. Ambassador Jusserand of France, Senator Dolliver of Iowa,
-Ambassador Bryce of England, and William J. Bryan were among the
-distinguished visitors, and who delivered addresses. A most impressive
-feature of the occasion was the scene at Lincoln's tomb, when Robert T.
-Lincoln, son of the martyred President, stood beside the sarcophagus in
-which the body of his great father rests. Here his mother, brothers,
-and a son named Abraham Lincoln are also entombed. He stood in silent
-meditation with tear-dimmed eyes, with Ambassadors Jusserand, Bryce,
-Senator Dolliver, W. J. Bryan, and many other distinguished persons
-gathered about. In his speech, Ambassador Bryce said, in part:
-
-     "Of the personal impression he made on those who knew him, you
-     will hear from some of the few yet living who can recollect
-     him. All I can contribute is a reminiscence of what reached us
-     in England. I was an undergraduate student in the University
-     of Oxford when the Civil War broke out. Well do I remember the
-     surprise when the Republican National Convention nominated him
-     as a candidate for the presidency, for it had been expected that
-     the choice would fall upon William H. Seward. I recollect how it
-     slowly dawned upon Europeans in 1862 and 1863 that the President
-     could be no ordinary man, because he never seemed cast down by the
-     reverses which befell his arms, because he never let himself be
-     hurried into premature action, nor feared to take so bold a step
-     as the Emancipation Proclamation was when he saw that the time had
-     arrived. And, above all, I remember the shock of awe and grief
-     which thrilled all Britain when the news came that he had perished
-     by the bullet of an assassin....
-
-     "To you, men of Illinois, Lincoln is the most famous and worthy of
-     all those who have adorned your commonwealth. To you, citizens of
-     the United States, he is the President who carried you through a
-     terrible conflict and saved the Union. To us in England he is one
-     of the heroes of the race whence you and we sprung. We honor his
-     memory as you do; and it is fitting that one who is privileged
-     here to represent the land from which his forefathers came should
-     bring on behalf of England a tribute of admiration for him and of
-     thankfulness to the Providence which gave him to you in your hour
-     of need.
-
-     "Great men are the noblest possession of a nation, and are potent
-     forces in the molding of national character. Their influence lives
-     after them, and if they be good as well as great, they remain as
-     beacons lighting the course of all who follow them. They set for
-     succeeding generations the standards of public life. They stir the
-     spirit and rouse the energy of the youth who seek to emulate their
-     virtues in the service of the country."
-
-At Washington City all Government and leading business houses were
-closed. The Senate adjourned until Monday, but in the House, Lincoln's
-famous Gettysburg speech was read by Representative Boutell, of
-Illinois. Appropriate exercises were held at Howard University, where
-a large negro student body witnessed the unveiling of a large painting
-of the "Underground Railroad." Secretary of the Interior Garfield and
-other speakers were on the program.
-
-In Boston, the city sometimes called the literary "hub of the
-universe," Senator Lodge gave an address on the life and work of Mr.
-Lincoln before the Massachusetts Legislature. At a meeting held in the
-evening in Symphony Hall, John D. Long, former Secretary of the Navy,
-gave an address, and Julia Ward Howe, author of the "Battle Hymn of
-the Republic," read a poem she had written for the occasion, depicting
-Lincoln's rise from obscurity to the leader of the nation.
-
-In Chicago, the metropolis of Lincoln's adopted State, fifty public
-meetings were held in his honor. The city was fairly buried beneath
-flags, buntings, and pictures of Lincoln. Show-windows were filled with
-war relics and Lincoln mementoes. Streets were crowded with marchers
-and military bands. Standing bareheaded in Lincoln Park, in sight of
-the Lincoln Statue, a group of Civil War veterans fired a presidential
-salute. Dexter Pavilion, at night, was crowded, while a chorus of one
-thousand voices sang patriotic songs.
-
-At Gettysburg, where Lincoln delivered his classic address dedicating
-the national cemetery, November 19, 1863, the day was duly observed.
-The principal exercises were held on the campus of Gettysburg College,
-near Seminary Ridge, where much of the first and second days' fighting
-occurred during the great battle. Lincoln's Gettysburg address was read
-by Judge Samuel McSwope.
-
-At Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Vice-President Fairbanks said, in part:
-
-     "Who, among all the men of his day, has produced utterances so
-     classic and lofty and which will survive so long as many of the
-     speeches of Mr. Lincoln? It is impossible to think that schools,
-     colleges, or universities could have increased the intellectual
-     or moral nature of Lincoln. He was the marvelous product of the
-     great school of nature. He kept close to nature's heart, close to
-     the people, close to the soul.... His life was spent in the field
-     of conflict. In his youth he struggled with nature. At the bar he
-     contended for the rights of his clients. In the wider field of
-     politics he fought with uncommon power to overthrow the wrong and
-     enthrone the right. He fought not for the love of contest, but for
-     the love of truth. By nature he was a man of peace. He did not
-     like to raise his hand against his fellow-man. He instinctively
-     loved justice, right, and liberty. His soul revolted at the
-     thought of injustice and wrong. His conscience impelled him to
-     uphold the right wherever it was denied his fellow-man. He could
-     not do otherwise."
-
-In New York City the celebration was the most hearty and widespread of
-its kind ever seen there. The city's official celebration was held in
-Cooper Union, in the hall in which Lincoln made his great speech called
-the "Cooper Union Speech," delivered in 1860. Addresses were delivered
-by Joseph H. Choate and Rev. Dr. Lyman Abbott. At a great club meeting,
-Booker T. Washington delivered an address, and referred to himself as
-"one whom Lincoln found a piece of property and made into an American
-citizen."
-
-In closing this little volume as an humble tribute to the memory of
-Abraham Lincoln, I desire to say that, while Mr. Lincoln possessed so
-many excellent traits of character, the most significant and worthy one
-was his constant anxiety, as he expressed it, to know and do the will
-of God. This, in the providence of God, is what made him truly great.
-
-
-
-
-  +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
-  ¦ Transcriber's Note:                                               ¦
-  ¦                                                                   ¦
-  ¦ Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.      ¦
-  ¦                                                                   ¦
-  ¦ Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained.             ¦
-  ¦                                                                   ¦
-  ¦ Mid-paragraph illustrations have been moved to the end            ¦
-  ¦ of chapters.                                                      ¦
-  ¦                                                                   ¦
-  ¦ Italicized words are surrounded by underline characters, _like    ¦
-  ¦ this_. Words in bold characters are surrounded by equal signs,    ¦
-  ¦ =like this=.                                                      ¦
-  ¦                                                                   ¦
-  ¦ References added to the list of illustrations: House in which     ¦
-  ¦ Lincoln died and Lincoln's mill.                                  ¦
-  +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-
-
-
-End of Project Gutenberg's Footprints of Abraham Lincoln, by J. T. Hobson
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-<pre>
-
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Footprints of Abraham Lincoln, by J. T. Hobson
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-Title: Footprints of Abraham Lincoln
-       Presenting many interesting fact, reminiscences and
-              illustrations never before published
-
-Author: J. T. Hobson
-
-Release Date: December 28, 2016 [EBook #53822]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FOOTPRINTS OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Richard Hulse, Christian Boissonnas and the
-Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
-(This file was produced from images generously made
-available by The Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</pre>
-
-
-<div class="figcenter"><a name="i_frontispiece.jpg" id="i_frontispiece.jpg"></a>
-  <img src="images/i_frontispiece.jpg" width="432" height="600"
-        alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">THE RAIL-SPLITTER</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="p4">
-  <div class="figcenter"><a name="i_tp.jpg" id="i_tp.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_tp.jpg" width="392" height="600"
-          alt="Title Page" />
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="nonvis" />
-
-<h1>FOOTPRINTS<br />
-<span class="xx-smaller">OF</span><br />
-
-<span class="x-larger">ABRAHAM LINCOLN</span>
-</h1>
-
-<p class="ac noindent xx-smaller">PRESENTING</p>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">Many Interesting Facts, Reminiscences<br />
-and Illustrations Never Before<br />
-Published</p>
-
-<hr class="small p2" />
-
-<p class="ac noindent p2"><span class="x-smaller">BY</span><br />
-<span class="x-larger">J. T. HOBSON, D.D., LL.B.,</span><br />
-<span class="smaller"><i>Author of "The Lincoln Year Book."</i></span></p>
-
-<hr class="small p2" />
-
-<p class="ac noindent p2 smaller">Nineteen Hundred and Nine<br />
-<span class="sc">The Otterbein Press<br />
-Dayton, Ohio</span>
-</p>
-
-<hr class="small p4" />
-<p class="ac noindent x-smaller p2">Copyright, 1909, by J. T. Hobson</p>
- <hr class="small p2" />
-
-<div class="figcenter"><a name="i_001.jpg" id="i_001.jpg"></a>
-  <img src="images/i_001.jpg" width="446" height="600"
-        alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">THE AUTHOR.</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<p class="ac noindent p4"><a name="DEDICATION" id="DEDICATION"></a>DEDICATION</p>
-
-
-<p class="ac noindent">
-<i>To all my Kindred, Friends, and Acquaintances among<br />
-whom are Fellow Ministers, Teachers, Students,<br />
-Pupils, Parishioners, though Widely<br />
-Scattered, and to All Who Cherish<br />
-the Memory of</i><br />
-<b>Abraham Lincoln</b><br />
-<i>The Apostle of Human Liberty, Who Bound the Nation<br />
-and Unbound the Slave, This Little Volume<br />
-is Respectfully Dedicated by</i><br />
-<b>THE AUTHOR</b><br />
-</p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p>
-
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION</h2>
-</div>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">Everything</span> pertaining to the life of Abraham Lincoln is
-of undying interest to the public.</p>
-
-<p>It may at first appear unnecessary, if not presumptuous,
-to add another volume to the already large number of
-books in Lincoln literature. Hitherto efforts have been
-made by the biographer, the historian, and the relic-hunter
-to gather everything possible connected with the life of
-Lincoln.</p>
-
-<p>If an apology is needed in presenting this volume to the
-public, it may be said that it has fallen as a rare opportunity
-to the author, during the passing years, to gather
-some well-authenticated facts, reminiscences, and illustrations
-which have never before appeared in connection with
-the history of this great man.</p>
-
-<p>Like many others, I have always taken great interest in
-the life and work of Abraham Lincoln. There are some
-special reasons for this, upon my part, aside from my
-interest in the lives of great men, and the magnetic charm
-which surrounds the name and fame of the most eminent
-American and emancipator of a race.</p>
-
-<p>The name, "Abraham Lincoln," is connected with my
-family history, and with one of my first achievements with
-pen and ink. Because of an affliction in early life, I was,
-for two or three years, unable to attend the public schools.
-At home I learned to make figures and letters with slate
-and pencil, as other writing material was not so common
-then as now. The first line I ever wrote with pen and ink
-was at home, at the age of ten, under a copy on foolscap
-paper, written by my sainted mother, "Abraham Lincoln,
-President, 1861."</p>
-
-<p>After the birth of John the Baptist, there was considerable
-controversy among the kinsfolk as to what name he
-should bear. The father, old Zacharias, was appealed to,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span>
-and when writing material was brought him, he settled
-the matter by writing, "John." On the 7th of May, 1863,
-when a boy baby was horn in our old home, the other
-children and I were very anxious to know what name
-would be given the little stranger. We appealed to father.
-He did not say, but called for the old family Bible, pen
-and ink. He turned to the "Family Record," between the
-Old and the New Testaments. I stood by and saw him
-write, with pen and blue ink, the name, "Abraham Lincoln
-Hobson."</p>
-
-<p>I was born in due time to have the good fortune to
-become acquainted with a number of persons who personally
-knew Mr. Lincoln in his early life in Indiana, and
-heard them tell of their associations with him, and their
-words were written down at the time. I am also familiar
-with many places of historic interest where the feet of
-Abraham Lincoln pressed the earth. I resided for a time
-near the old Lincoln farm in Spencer County, Indiana, on
-which the town of Lincoln City now stands. I have often
-visited the near-by grave of Nancy Hanks Lincoln, the
-"angel mother" of the martyred President; have stood by
-the grave of Sally Grigsby, his only sister, at the Little
-Pigeon Cemetery, one mile and a half south of the Lincoln
-farm; have been in the Lincoln home at Springfield, Illinois;
-have seen Ford's Theater building, in Washington,
-where he was shot; have stood in the little rear room, in
-the first story of the house across the street, where he
-died; have been in the East Room of the White House,
-where his body lay in state; and have reverently stood at
-his tomb where his precious dust rests in peace in Oak
-Ridge Cemetery, at Springfield, Illinois.</p>
-
-<p>This volume can hardly claim the dignity of a biography,
-for many important facts in the life of Mr. Lincoln are
-omitted, the object being to set forth some unpublished
-facts, reminiscences, and illustrations to supplement larger
-histories written by others. However, it was necessary to
-refer to some well-known facts in order to properly connect
-the new material never before in print. It was necessary,
-in some instances, to correct some matters of Lincoln history
-which later and more authentic information has revealed.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>The illustrations were secured mainly for this publication,
-and none, so far as I know, except the frontispiece,
-has ever appeared in any other book on Lincoln. I am
-indebted to a number of persons who have assisted me in
-securing information and photographs, most of whom are
-mentioned in the body of the book.</p>
-
-<p>This being the centennial year of Abraham Lincoln's
-birth, it is with feelings of genuine pleasure and profound
-reverence that the opportunity is here given me to exhibit
-some "footprints" from the path of one whose life is
-imprinted in imperishable characters in the history of the
-great American republic. The excellent principles and
-noble conduct that characterized his life should be an
-inspiration to all. As Longfellow says:</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-  <div class="poetry">
-    <div class="verse">"Lives of great men all remind us</div>
-    <div class="verse indent-1_5">We can make our lives sublime,</div>
-    <div class="verse">And, departing, leave behind us</div>
-    <div class="verse indent-1_5">Footprints in the sands of time."</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="ar"><span class="sc">J. T. Hobson.</span></div>
-<div><i>Lake City, Iowa, February 19, 1909.</i></div>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
-
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="ILLUSTRATIONS" id="ILLUSTRATIONS"></a>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
-</div>
-
-<ul class="illos">
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_016.jpg">Abraham Lincoln</a>.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_001.jpg">The Author</a>.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_033a.jpg">Jacob S. Brother</a>, who when a boy lived in
-    the Kentucky Lincoln cabin.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_032.jpg">United Brethren Church</a> on Indiana Lincoln farm.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_033b.jpg">Rev. Allen Brooner</a>, an associate of Lincoln in
-    Indiana.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Mr. and Mrs. <a href="#i_048a.jpg">Captain Lamar</a>, who knew Lincoln
-    in Indiana.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Honorable <a href="#i_049a.jpg">James Gentry</a>, of Indiana.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_049b.jpg">Elizabeth Grigsby</a>, one of the double wedding
-    brides in Indiana.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_064b.jpg">Ruth Jennings Huff</a>, daughter of Josiah
-    Crawford.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_064a.jpg">Rifle Gun</a> owned jointly by Lincoln and Brooner
-    in Indiana.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_065.jpg">David Turnham</a>, the Indiana Constable, and wife.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_096a.jpg">George W. Turnham</a>, son of David Turnham.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_080a.jpg">William D. Armstrong</a>, defended by Lincoln
-    in 1858.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_080b.jpg">Hannah Armstrong</a>, who boarded Lincoln; he later
-    defended her son.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_081a.jpg">Walker and Lacey</a>, associated with Lincoln in the
-    Armstrong case.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_096b.jpg">Moses Martin</a>, still living, signed Lincoln's
-    temperance pledge in 1847.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Major<a href="#i_097a.jpg"> J. B. Merwin</a>, still living, campaigned
-    Illinois with Lincoln for prohibition in 1854-55.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Rev. <a href="#i_097b.jpg">R. L. McCord</a>, who named Lincoln as his
-    choice for President, in 1854.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Site of the <a href="#i_104a.jpg">old still-house</a> in Indiana, where
-    Lincoln worked.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_104b.jpg">Triplets</a>, yet living, named by
-    Abraham Lincoln.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_105a.jpg">House</a> in which Lincoln died.</li>
-  <li class="illo"><a href="#i_105b.jpg">Lincoln's mill</a>.</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p>
-
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHRONOLOGY" id="CHRONOLOGY"></a>CHRONOLOGY</h2>
-</div>
-
-<ul class="illos">
-  <li class="illo">Born in Hardin (now Larue) County, Kentucky, February 12, 1809.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Moved to Spencer County, Indiana, in 1816.</li>
-  <li class="illo">His mother, Nancy, died October 5, 1818, aged 35 years.</li>
-  <li class="illo">His father married Sarah Bush Johnson, 1819.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Moved to Illinois, March, 1830.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Captain in Black Hawk War, in 1832.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Appointed postmaster at New Salem, Illinois, in 1833.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Elected to Illinois Legislature in 1834, 1836, 1838, 1840.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Admitted to the bar in 1837.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Presidential elector on Whig ticket, 1840, 1844.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Married to Miss Mary Todd, November 4, 1842.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Elected to Congress in 1846, 1848.</li>
-  <li class="illo">His father, Thomas, died January 17, 1851, aged 73 years.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Canvassed Illinois for State prohibition in 1855.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Debated with Stephen A. Douglas in 1858.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Nominated for President at Chicago, May 16, 1860.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Elected President, November 6, 1860.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Inaugurated President, March 4, 1861.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Issued call for 75,000 volunteers, April 15, 1861.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Issued Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863.</li>
-  <li class="illo">His address at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, November 19, 1863.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Renominated for President at Baltimore, June, 1864.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Reëlected President, November 8, 1864.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Reinaugurated President, March 4, 1865.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Shot by John Wilkes Booth, April 14, 1865.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Died April 15, 1865.</li>
-  <li class="illo">Buried at Springfield, Illinois, May 3, 1865.</li>
-</ul>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
-
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS</h2>
-</div>
-
-<table id="TOC" summary="CONTENTS">
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1"><a href="#DEDICATION">Dedication</a></td>
-    <td class="c2">3</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1"><a href="#INTRODUCTION">Introduction</a></td>
-    <td class="c2">4</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1"><a href="#ILLUSTRATIONS">Illustrations</a></td>
-    <td class="c2">7</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1"><a href="#CHRONOLOGY">Chronology of Abraham Lincoln</a></td>
-    <td class="c2">8</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">Lincoln's Birth and Early Life in
-	  Kentucky.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">Unpromising Cradles—Site of the Log Cabin—Tangled History
-	  Untangled—Jacob S. Brother's Statement—Speaking with Authority-The Lincolns Move to
-	  Knob Creek—"The Lincoln Farm Association"</td>
-    <td class="c2">13</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">The Lincolns Move to
-	  Indiana.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">Early Hardships—"Milk Sickness"—Death of Lincoln's Mother—Henry and
-	  Allen Brooner's Recollections—Second Marriage of Thomas Lincoln—Marriage of Sarah
-	  Lincoln—Redmond D. Grigsby's Recollections—Death of Sarah Grigsby—Mrs. Lamar's
-	  Recollections—Captain Lamar's Interesting Reminiscences—Honorable James Gentry
-	  Interviewed</td>
-    <td class="c2">17</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">Indiana Associates and
-	  Incidents.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">The Double Wedding—One of the Brides Interviewed—"The Chronicles of
-	  Reuben"—Josiah Crawford's Daughter—The Lincoln-Brooner Rifle Gun—David Turnham, the
-	  Indiana Constable—The "Revised Statutes of Indiana"</td>
-    <td class="c2">26</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV.</a>
-	  <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">The Emigration to Illinois.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">Preparations for Removal—Recollections of Old Acquaintances—The Old
-	  Indiana Home—Blocks from the Old House—The Cedar Tree—More Tangled History
-	  Untangled—Mr. Jones' Store—Various Experiences in Illinois—Recollections of an Old
-	  Friend</td>
-    <td class="c2">32</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">Lincoln Visits the Old Indiana
-	  Home.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">Lincoln an Admirer of Henry Clay—A Whig Elector—Goes to Indiana—Makes
-	  Speeches—Old Friends and Old-Time Scenes—Writes a Poem</td>
-    <td class="c2">36</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">Lincoln and the Armstrong
-	  Case.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">Famous Law Cases—The Clary Grove Boys—The Wrestling Contest—Jack and
-	  Hannah Armstrong—Trial of Their Son for Murder—Lincoln's Tact, and the
-	  Acquittal—Letters from the Surviving Attorney in the Case—More Tangled History
-	  Untangled—Unpublished Facts Connected with Parties in the Case</td>
-    <td class="c2">39</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">Lincoln's Temperance
-	  Principles.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">Promise Made to His Mother—Writes a Temperance Article Before Leaving
-	  Indiana—Mr. Wood and Mr. Farmer—Did Lincoln Sell Whisky—His Great Temperance
-      Address—Testimony of Associates—Moses Martin's Letter—The Internal Revenue Bill</td>
-    <td class="c2">51</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">Lincoln as a Prohibitionist.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">Major J. B. Merwin and Abraham Lincoln—They Together Canvass Illinois
-	  for State Prohibition in 1854-55—Lincoln's Arguments Against the Saloon—Facts
-      Omitted by Lincoln Biographers—President
-	  <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>
-      Lincoln, Generals Scott and Butler Recommend Merwin's Temperance Work in the Army—The
-      President Sends Merwin on a Mission to New York the Day of the Assassination—Proposition
-	  for Freedmen to Dig the Panama Canal—Lincoln's Last Words to Merwin—Merwin's
-	  Characteristic Address at Lincoln's Tomb—"Lincoln the Christian Statesman"—Merwin
-      Living at Middlefield, Connecticut</td>
-    <td class="c2">57</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_IX">CHAPTER IX.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">Lincoln and the Slavery
-	  Question.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">An Ancient Institution—The Evils of Slavery—Lincoln Always Opposed to
-	  Slavery—Relic of "Cruel Slavery Days"—Discussions, Laws, and Compromises—The Missouri
-	  Compromise—The Fugitive Slave Law—The Kansas-Nebraska Bill—Lincoln Aroused—He Answers
-      Douglas—R. L. McCord Names Lincoln as His Candidate for President—A New Political
-	  Party—"Bleeding Kansas"—The Dred Scott Decision—"The Underground Railroad"—The John
-	  Brown Raid—The Approaching Crisis</td>
-    <td class="c2">68</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_X">CHAPTER X.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">The Lincoln and Douglas
-	  Debates.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">Candidates for the United States Senate—Seven Joint Debates—The Paramount
-	  Issue—The "Divided House"—"Acts of a Drama"—Douglas Charged Lincoln with Selling
-	  Whisky—Lincoln's Denial—A Discovery—Site of the Old Still House in Indiana—Douglas
-      Elected—Lincoln the Champion of Human Liberty</td>
-    <td class="c2">77</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_XI">CHAPTER XI.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">Lincoln Nominated and Elected
-	  President.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">Rival Candidates—Great Enthusiasm—Lincoln's Temperance Principles
-	  Exemplified—Other Nominations—A Great Campaign—Lincoln's Letter to David
-	  Turnham—Lincoln's Election—Secession—Lincoln Inaugurated—Douglas</td>
-    <td class="c2">83</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_XII">CHAPTER XII.</a>
-	  <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">President Lincoln and the Civil
-	  War.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">The Beginning—Personal Recollections—The War Spirit—Progress of the
-	  War—The Emancipation Proclamation—A Fight to Finish—Lincoln's Kindness—He Relieves a
-	  Young Soldier—He Names Triplets Who Are Yet Living—His Reëlection—The Fall of
-	  Richmond—Appomattox—Close of the Rebellion</td>
-    <td class="c2">87</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_XIII">CHAPTER XIII.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">Death of President Lincoln.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">Personal Recollections—The Tragic Event—Mr. Stanton—A Nation in
-	  Sorrow—The Funeral—The Interment at Springfield, Illinois—The House in Which
-      President Lincoln Died—Changed Conditions—The South Honors Lincoln—A United People—A
-	  Rich Inheritance</td>
-    <td class="c2">93</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_XIV">CHAPTER XIV.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">Unpublished Official
-	  Documents.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">A Discovery—Documents of Historic Value—Lincoln Owned Land in Iowa—Copy
-	  of Letters Patent from United States, under James Buchanan, to Abraham Lincoln, in
-	  1860—Copy of Deed Executed by Honorable Robert T. Lincoln and Wife, in 1892—Other
-      Transfers—The Present Owner</td>
-    <td class="c2">100</td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-no"><a href="#CHAPTER_XV">CHAPTER XV.</a></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td colspan="3" class="chap-head"><span class="sc">Celebration of the Centennial
-	  Anniversary of Lincoln's Birth.</span></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="c1">Preparations—General Observance—President Roosevelt Lays Corner-stone of
-	  Lincoln Museum at Lincoln's Birthplace—Extracts from Addresses at Various
-      Places—Closing Tribute</td>
-    <td class="c2">105</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-
-<p class="ac noindent xx-larger">Footprints of Abraham Lincoln</p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">Lincoln's Birth and Early Life in Kentucky</p>
-
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">Unpromising Cradles—Site of the Log Cabin—Tangled History
-Untangled—Jacob S. Brother's Statement—Speaking with
-Authority—The Lincolns Move to Knob Creek—The Lincoln
-Farm Association.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">It</span> has been said truly that God selects unpromising
-cradles for his greatest and best servants. On a cold
-winter night, a hundred years ago, in a floorless log
-cabin, the emancipator of a race was born. Like the
-Redeemer of mankind, there was "no room" in the
-mansions of the rich and the great for such a child to
-be born.</p>
-
-<p>Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks, natives of Virginia,
-were married by Rev. Jesse Head, a minister of
-the Methodist Church, June 12, 1806, near Beechland,
-Washington County, Kentucky. They settled at Elizabethtown,
-Hardin County, where their first child, Sarah,
-was born, February 10, 1807. In 1808 they moved to
-a farm containing one hundred and ten acres, on the
-south fork of Nolin Creek, two miles south of Hodgenville,
-Hardin County, and fifty miles south of Louisville.
-Hodgenville afterward became, and is now the county-seat
-of Larue County, as that part of the territory now
-embraced in Larue County was set off from Hardin
-County in 1843. Here, on the twelfth of February,
-1809, Abraham Lincoln was born.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>The Hodgenville and Magnolia public highway runs
-through the farm. The site of the old log cabin in
-which Lincoln was born is about five hundred yards
-west of the road, and a short distance from the well-known
-"Rock Spring." The old Kirkpatrick mill, on
-Nolin Creek, is but a short distance away. The cabin,
-of course, is no longer in existence, although various
-publications have printed pictures of it, as though it
-were still standing on the original spot. Misleading
-statements have also been published that the original
-cabin has been placed on exhibition in various cities.
-Other publications, with more caution, have pictured
-it as the <i>alleged</i> log cabin in which Lincoln was born.</p>
-
-<p>Evidence is here introduced to untangle tangled history.
-Jacob S. Brother, now in his ninetieth year,
-resides at Rockport, the county-seat of Spencer County,
-Indiana, on the Ohio River, fifteen miles south of
-Lincoln City, the site of the Lincoln farm in Indiana.
-Mr. Brother is a highly-respected Christian gentleman.
-I have known him for many years. On the thirtieth
-of March, 1899, when visiting him, he incidentally told
-me that his father purchased the Lincoln farm in Kentucky,
-and that the family lived in the cabin in which
-Abraham Lincoln was born. On the eighth of September,
-1903, I again visited him, and, at my request, he
-gave a fuller statement, which I wrote out, and then
-read it to him, all of which he said was correct, and is
-here submitted:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"My name is Jacob S. Brother. My father's name was
-Henry, but he was generally known as 'Harry.' I was born
-in Montgomery County, Kentucky, March 8, 1819. In the
-year 1827, when I was eight years old, my father purchased
-the old farm on which Abraham Lincoln was born,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
-in Kentucky. He purchased it of Henry Thomas. We
-lived in the house in which Lincoln was born. After some
-years, my father built another house almost like the first
-house. The old house was torn down, and, to my knowledge,
-the logs were burned for fire-wood. Later he built a
-hewed log house, and the second old house was used as a
-hatter-shop. My father followed the trade of making hats
-all his life. The pictures we often see of the house in
-which Lincoln was born are pictures of the first house
-built by my father. He died in the hewed log house, and
-my youngest brother, Joseph, was born in the same house
-three weeks after father's death. Some time after father's
-death, mother, I, and the other children moved to near
-St. Joe, Missouri. The brother born on the Lincoln farm
-enlisted in the Southern army, and was captured at Lookout
-Mountain, and taken to Camp Morton, Indianapolis,
-as a prisoner. My oldest brother, George, who was a
-surgeon in the Union army, went to Washington City to
-see President Lincoln, in order to get a reprieve for his
-brother. Among other things, he told the President that
-his brother and he (the President) were born on the same
-farm. I do not know how much weight this had with the
-President, but my brother was reprieved. I left Missouri
-to avoid going into the Confederate army, and came to
-Rockport, Indiana, in 1863, where I have ever since
-resided."</p></div>
-
-<p>At the time of this interview, I had with me some
-newspaper and magazine articles, with illustrations,
-descriptive of the old Lincoln farm in Kentucky, including
-the "Rock Spring," Nolin Creek, the old watermill,
-Hodgenville, and other places, which were read
-and shown the old gentleman. He was perfectly familiar
-with all the points named, and mentioned a number
-of other items. When the name of the creek, near the
-farm, was pronounced with the accent on the first
-syllable, he said, "We always pronounced it No-lin´"
-(with the accent on the second syllable). All these
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>
-statements are entitled to credit, as there could have
-been no object in making any false representations.</p>
-
-<p>When Abraham was about four years old the Lincolns
-moved from the Rock Spring farm to a farm on Knob
-Creek, in the eastern part of what is now Larue County.
-Here a little boy, younger than Abraham, was buried.</p>
-
-<p>Of late years considerable interest has been given to
-Lincoln's birthplace. "The Lincoln Farm Association"
-has been organized and incorporated, and the farm purchased
-by a group of patriotic citizens who believe that
-the people of our country should, through affiliating
-with the organization, develop the farm into a national
-park, embellished by an historical museum. Mrs. Russell
-Sage has contributed $25,000 for this purpose, and
-others are contributing. It is hoped that this most
-worthy enterprise may be successful, and thus further
-honor the immortal emancipator, and that the place will
-be dedicated to peace and good will to all, where North,
-South, East, and West may find a common ground of
-pride and fellowship.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter"><a name="i_016.jpg" id="i_016.jpg"></a>
-  <img src="images/i_016.jpg" width="468" height="600"
-        alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">ABRAHAM LINCOLN</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">The Lincolns Move to Indiana</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">Early Hardships—"Milk Sickness"—Death of Lincoln's Mother—Henry
-and Allen Brooner's Recollections—Second Marriage of
-Thomas Lincoln—Marriage of Sarah Lincoln—Redmond P.
-Grigsby's Recollections—Death of Sarah Grigsby—Mrs. Lamar's
-Recollections—Captain Lamar's Interesting Reminiscences—Honorable
-James Gentry Interviewed.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">Thomas Lincoln</span> moved with his family to southern
-Indiana in the fall of 1816. There were two children,
-Sarah and Abraham, the former nine, and the latter
-seven years old. The family located in what was then
-Perry County. By a change in boundary made in 1818,
-that part of the county was made a part of the new
-county of Spencer. The location was one mile and a
-half east of where Gentryville now stands, and fifteen
-miles north of the Ohio River. The town of Lincoln
-City is now located on the farm, and is quite a railroad
-connecting point. Here the family lived fourteen years.
-The county was new, and the land was not of the best
-quality. The family was subject to the toils and privations
-incident to pioneer life. Lincoln, long afterward,
-in referring to his early days in Indiana, said they were
-"pretty pinching times."</p>
-
-<p>Peter Brooner came with his family to the same
-community two years before, and Thomas and Betsy
-Sparrow, who reared Mrs. Lincoln and her cousin,
-Dennis Hanks, came one year later than the Lincolns.</p>
-
-<p>A peculiar disease, called "the milk sickness," prevailed
-in the community in 1818. Thomas and Betsy
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>
-Sparrow, Mrs. Lincoln, Mrs. Brooner, and others died
-of this disease near the same time. Thomas Lincoln,
-having learned the carpenter and cabinet-maker's trade
-in Kentucky, made all their coffins from green lumber
-sawed with a whip-saw. Their bodies were laid to rest
-on the little hill a few hundred yards south of the
-Lincoln home.</p>
-
-<p>Peter Brooner had two sons, Henry and Allen. I
-became acquainted with these brothers twenty-two years
-ago. I was pastor of a church at Dale, three miles
-from Lincoln City, two years, near where Allen lived,
-and of a country church near where Henry lived. I
-was frequently at their homes. They both knew Abraham
-Lincoln quite well. The Thomas Lincoln and
-Peter Brooner homes were only one-half mile apart.
-Henry was five years older, and Allen was four years
-younger than Abraham. "Uncle Henry," as he was
-always called, gave me the following items, which I
-wrote at the time, and have preserved the original
-notes:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"I was born in Breckenridge County, Kentucky, February
-7, 1804. We came to Indiana in 1814, when Allen
-was one year old. No man has lived longer in the State
-than I have, for I have lived in it ever since it became a
-State, and before. The Lincoln family came to Indiana
-two years later, and we lived one-half mile apart. During
-my mother's last sickness, Mrs. Lincoln often came to see
-her, and died just one week after my mother's death. I
-remember very distinctly that when Mrs. Lincoln's grave
-was filled, my father, Peter Brooner, extended his hand to
-Thomas Lincoln and said, 'We are brothers, now,' meaning
-that they were brothers in the same kind of sorrow. The
-bodies of my mother and Mrs. Lincoln were conveyed to
-their graves on sleds. I often stayed all night at Thomas
-Lincoln's. Dennis Hanks and his sister Sophia lived with
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>
-Thomas and Betsy Sparrow, and at their deaths Dennis and
-his sister heired the estate. I helped drive up the stock
-on the day of the sale of the property. Dennis Hanks
-married Lincoln's step-sister. I often went with Lincoln
-on horseback to Huffman's Mill, on Anderson Creek, a
-distance of sixteen miles. He had a great memory, and
-for hours he would tell me what he had read."</p></div>
-
-<p>Henry Brooner died April 4, 1890, two years after
-the above statements were given, at the age of eighty-six.
-Everybody loved and respected "Uncle Henry."
-Reference will be made in another chapter to further
-statements made by him on the same occasion.</p>
-
-<p>Allen Brooner was nine years younger than his
-brother Henry. He was born in Kentucky, October 22,
-1813. He was a minister in the United Brethren
-Church more than fifty years. Among other items, he
-gave me the following, which were written at the time:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"During my mother's last sickness, Mrs. Lincoln, the
-mother of Abraham Lincoln, came to see her. Mother said,
-'I believe I will have to die.' Mrs. Lincoln said, 'Oh, you
-may outlive me.' She died just one week from the death
-of my mother. This was in October, 1818. I was five years
-old when mother died. I remember some one came to me
-in the night and told me my mother was dead. Thomas
-Lincoln made mother's coffin, and sawed the lumber with
-a whip-saw to make the coffin. She was taken on a sled to
-the graveyard on a hill, one quarter of a mile south of
-where Lincoln City now stands. Old man Howell took
-the corpse. He rode the horse hitched to the sled, and
-took me up, and I rode on the horse before him. I remember
-that his long beard bothered me. We did not have
-wagons in those days. The first wagon I ever saw, my
-father made, and it had wooden tires."</p></div>
-
-<p>Reference will be made again to some facts stated by
-this associate of Abraham Lincoln. "Uncle Allen" died
-at his old home, near Dale, Spencer County, Indiana,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>
-April 2, 1902, in his eighty-ninth year, respected by all.
-I am indebted to his daughter, Mrs. Sarah Knowlton,
-for his photograph, taken at seventy-five years of age.</p>
-
-<p>Nancy Hanks Lincoln died October 5, 1818, when
-her daughter Sarah was eleven and her son Abraham
-was nine years old. Abraham's mother had taught
-him to read and write, and, young as he was, he wrote
-for an old minister, David Elkin, whom the family had
-known in Kentucky, to come and preach his mother's
-funeral. Some time after, the minister came and the
-funeral was preached at the grave where many people
-had gathered. The minister stated that he had come
-because of the letter he had received from the little son
-of the dead mother. As I have stood by that grave, in
-my imagination I have seen that primitive congregation—the
-old minister, the lonely husband, and the two
-motherless children, Sarah and Abraham, on that sad
-occasion.</p>
-
-<p>After the death of Thomas and Betsy Sparrow,
-Dennis Hanks and his sister Sophia became inmates of
-the Lincoln home.</p>
-
-<p>For many years Mrs. Lincoln's grave was neglected.
-But few persons were buried at that graveyard. In
-1879, Mr. P. E. Studebaker, of South Bend, Indiana,
-erected a marble slab at the grave, and some of the
-citizens of Rockport enclosed it with an iron railing.
-Later a larger and more appropriate monument has
-also been placed at the grave, and several acres surrounding,
-forming a park, have been enclosed with an
-iron fence. The park is under the control of an association
-which has been incorporated.</p>
-
-<p>In December, 1819, Thomas Lincoln went to Kentucky
-and married a widow, Sarah Bush Johnston,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span>
-whom he had known there before coming to Indiana.
-She had three children, John, Matilda, and Sarah. She
-was a most excellent woman, and proved worthy of a
-mother's place in the home of Thomas Lincoln. Dennis
-Hanks married one of the daughters, and Levi Hall
-married the other.</p>
-
-<p>In August, 1826, at the age of nineteen, Sarah
-Lincoln, or Sally, as she was commonly called, was
-married to Aaron Grigsby, the oldest of a large family
-of boys. Learning that Redmond D. Grigsby resided
-near Chrisney, Spencer County, Indiana, I called upon
-him October 18, 1898. After being introduced by a
-friend, I asked him, "What relation were you to Aaron
-Grigsby, who married Abraham Lincoln's sister?" "He
-was my oldest brother, sir," answered the old gentleman.
-He said he was born in 1818, and was at that
-time eighty years old. He said that he and Lincoln
-were often thrown together, he at the home of his
-brother and Lincoln at the home of his sister. Mr.
-Grigsby said that when Abraham would start off with
-other boys, he had often heard Sally admonish him as
-to his conduct. Then Abraham would say, "Oh, you be
-good yourself, Sally, and Abe will take care of himself."
-We shall have occasion to refer to Mr. Grigsby
-again. He still resides at Chrisney; is now ninety years
-of age and quite feeble.</p>
-
-<p>Sally Grigsby died in childbirth January 20, 1828,
-less than two years after her marriage. Her body sleeps
-in the old Pigeon Creek Cemetery, one mile and a half
-south of where her mother is buried.</p>
-
-<p>Mrs. Lamar, the wife of Captain Lamar, who resided
-at Buffaloville, a short distance east of Lincoln City,
-said to me, in her home, September 8, 1903:</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"I remember old Tommy Lincoln. I sat on his lap many
-times. I was at Sally Lincoln's infare dinner. I remember
-the night she died. My mother was there at the time.
-She had a very strong voice, and I heard her calling father.
-He awoke the boys and said, 'Something is the matter.'
-He went after a doctor, but it was too late. They let her
-lay too long. My old aunt was the midwife."</p></div>
-
-<p>Mrs. Lamar is still living in Spencer County, Indiana.
-At the same time, I interviewed Captain John
-W. Lamar. I copied the date of his birth from the
-record in his Bible. He was born December 9, 1822,
-and although but a small boy when the Lincolns
-removed to Illinois, he remembers Abraham Lincoln
-quite well. At the time of my interview, I had a clipping
-from the Indianapolis <i>News</i> of April 12, 1902,
-containing some items pertaining to his recollections
-of Lincoln, which were read to him. The clipping is
-as follows:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"Captain J. W. Lamar, of Buffaloville, Spencer County,
-a delegate to the Republican State Convention, knew Abraham
-Lincoln when the latter lived in Spencer County. He
-is past eighty years old, but his memory is keen, and he
-is unusually vigorous for a man of his age. He is six feet
-tall, broad-shouldered, with flowing white hair and beard,
-making him one of the picturesque figures of the convention
-crowd. Lincoln is his favorite theme, and he delights
-to talk of him.</p>
-
-<p>"'I well remember the first time I saw Abe,' he said.
-'My father took me to Troy, at the mouth of Anderson
-River, to do a little trading, and Lincoln was at that time
-working at the ferry. Dressed in the frontiersman's coon-skin
-cap, deerskin shirt, and home-made trousers, he was
-indelibly impressed upon my memory as being one of the
-gawkiest and most awkward figures I ever saw. From that
-time on I saw him very often, as he lived near, and worked
-for my father frequently. He and my father and his
-father all helped to build the old Pigeon meeting-house
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span>,
-near which Abe's only sister, Sally, was buried. Tom
-Lincoln, Abe's father, often did odd jobs of carpentering
-for us.</p>
-
-<p>"'One day, about a year after I first saw Lincoln, my
-father and I went over to old Jimmy Gentry's store, where
-the town of Gentryville now stands. When we got there,
-I noticed Lincoln out by an old stump, working very industriously
-at something. On going nearer, I saw that he was
-figuring or writing on a clapboard, which he had shaved
-smooth, and was paying no attention to what was going on
-around him. My father remarked to me then that Abe
-would be somebody some day, but, of course, did not have
-any idea how true his words would come out.</p>
-
-<p>"'Many times have I seen him studying at odd moments,
-with a book or something to write on, when others were
-having a good time. That was what made him so great.</p>
-
-<p>"'In August, before the spring that the Lincoln's left for
-Illinois, a township election was held at a log house near
-where the town of Santa Fe now stands.... All the men
-in the neighborhood were gathered there, and conspicuous
-among them was one, Sampson, a braggart and bully. He
-was storming around, praising a horse he had.</p>
-
-<p>"'"Why," said he, "I ran him four miles in five minutes
-this morning, and he never drew a long breath!"</p>
-
-<p>"'Abe, who was sitting on a rail fence near me, remarked
-quietly to him, "I suppose, though, Mr. Sampson, he drew
-a good many short ones."</p>
-
-<p>"'This was just the opening Sampson was looking for,
-so he began to bluster up to Lincoln. After standing abuse
-for a few minutes, Abe told him to hush up or he would
-take him by the nape of the neck and throw him over the
-fence. [At this point the old captain interrupted my reading,
-and said, "Lincoln did not say he would throw him
-over the fence, but said he would throw him into a pond of
-water near by."] This had an effect, and Sampson shut
-up, because he knew Abe could, and would do what he said.</p>
-
-<p>"'My father's house was on the road between Gentryville
-and the nearest trading-point on the Ohio River, at Troy.
-To this place the settlers took their deer and bear hides,
-venison hams, and other game, for which they received
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>
-clothes, powder, and other necessary articles. Lincoln and
-his father had constructed a wagon for old man Gentry,
-made entirely out of wood, even to the hickory rims to the
-wheels.</p>
-
-<p>"'This they loaded with produce, and started for Troy.
-Arriving at my father's house, a rain had swollen the
-creek near there, so that they decided to stay all night,
-and wait for the water to subside. During the night wolves
-stole nearly all the venison from the wagon. That which
-belonged to the Lincolns was not touched, however; it was
-in the bottom of the wagon. My father was a very serious
-man, and scarcely ever smiled, but Abe, with his droll
-ways and pleasant humor, always made him laugh.</p>
-
-<p>"'A great grief, which affected Abe through his life, was
-caused by the death of his only sister, Sally. They were
-close companions, and were a great deal alike in temperament.
-About a year after her marriage to one of the
-Grigsbys, she died. This was a hard blow to Abe, who
-always thought her death was due to neglect. Abe was
-in a little smoke-house when the news came to him that
-she had died. He came to the door and sat down, burying
-his face in his hands. The tears trickled through his large
-fingers, and sobs shook his frame. From then on he was
-alone in the world, you might say.'"</p></div>
-
-<p>In addition to the foregoing interesting reminiscences,
-the captain related to me other important items, some
-of which are here given as he related them:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"Old Si Crawford, the man who loaned Lincoln the book
-which was damaged, was my uncle. I remember one time
-Lincoln came to our place when my father was sitting on
-a shaving-horse, doing some work. Other boys and I were
-standing near by. Mr. Lincoln, addressing us, said, 'Well,
-boys, what have you learned to-day?' No one answering,
-he said, 'I wouldn't give a cent for a boy who doesn't know
-more to-day than he knew yesterday.' This remark greatly
-impressed me, and I have never forgotten it.</p>
-
-<p>"Old Uncle Jimmy Gentry, who founded the town of
-Gentryville, kept a store there. He was somewhat illiterate.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>
-I remember hearing him and Major Daniels talking,
-when the major asked him what per cent. he was making
-on the sale of his goods. Uncle Jimmy replied, 'God bless
-your soul, I don't know anything about your per cent., but
-I know when I buy an article in Louisville for a dollar,
-and sell it in Gentryville for two dollars, I double my
-money every time.'"</p></div>
-
-<p>Captain Lamar died November 4, 1903, a little more
-than two months after my visit to him, at the age of
-eighty-one. Mrs. Lamar is still living in Spencer
-County.</p>
-
-<p>The same day, after leaving the Lamars, I called
-upon the Honorable James Gentry, at Rockport. He
-was the son of James Gentry, the founder of Gentryville.
-He was born February 24, 1819, and was ten
-years younger than Lincoln. He related much about
-Lincoln, some things which will be found in another
-chapter. He repeated the story about his brother, Allen
-Gentry, and Lincoln taking a flatboat, loaded with farm
-products, down the Ohio River to New Orleans, the
-attack of the negroes and how they were driven away.
-Mr. Gentry said, "If ever a man was raised up by
-Providence, it was Lincoln, for he had no chance." Mr.
-Gentry was elected on the Democratic ticket to the
-Indiana Legislature of 1871. He gave me his picture,
-reproduced herein, but it represents him much younger
-than when I saw him. He died May 3, 1905, at the
-age of eighty-six.</p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">Indiana Associates and Incidents</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">The Double Wedding—One of the Brides Interviewed—"The
-Chronicles of Reuben"—Josiah Crawford's Daughter—The
-Lincoln-Brooner Rifle Gun—David Turnham, the Indiana
-Constable—The "Revised Statutes of Indiana."</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">Reuben Grigsby</span> had quite a family of sons. Aaron,
-the oldest, who married Lincoln's sister, and Redmond
-D., the youngest, have already been mentioned. Two
-sons, Reuben and Charles, were married the same day,
-the former married in Spencer County and the latter
-in Dubois, the adjoining county on the north. A double
-infare dinner was given at old Reuben Grigsby's, the
-day following the marriages. The Grigsbys were
-regarded as belonging to the "upper ten" class in those
-days, for they lived in a two-story hewed-log house.</p>
-
-<p>On the sixth of April, 1899, I met Elizabeth Grigsby,
-commonly called "Aunt Betsy," one of the brides, the
-widow of Reuben, Jr., at the home of Mr. and Mrs.
-Justin Banks, near Grandview, Spencer County. She
-was in her eighty-seventh year. She was cheerful, and
-bright in her mind, and had a good knowledge of current
-events. I requested her to give me a sketch of her
-life, and stated that it might prove useful and interesting
-as a matter of history. She thought that, perhaps,
-what I said might be true, and cheerfully gave the following:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"My father, Ezekiel Ray, was born in Ireland, and came
-to America at the age of three years, and his father settled
-in Tennessee. My father and a number of others, among
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>
-them Mr. Grass and Mr. Lamar, came to Indiana, and settled
-where Grandview now stands. My father died when
-I was five years old. I had one sister and five brothers.
-I was next to the youngest child. My mother remained a
-widow, and died twelve years after the death of my father.
-I had sixty acres of land left to me, my part of father's
-estate.</p>
-
-<p>"I was married to Reuben Grigsby on the 15th of April,
-1829, before my seventeenth birthday, which was June 1,
-following. Charles, my husband's brother, was married
-the same day. We had infare dinner at the home of my
-husband's father, Reuben Grigsby, three miles south of
-Gentryville. My husband and I arrived about two hours
-before the other couple arrived. John Johnston, Abraham
-Lincoln's step-brother, told a story about a mistake made
-by the brothers in going to bed upstairs that night, which
-led to a fight between himself and William Grigsby, a
-brother of the two who were married. This story told by
-John Johnston occasioned the writing of 'The Chronicles
-of Reuben,' by Abraham Lincoln, a short time afterward.
-I saw Lincoln at my father-in-law's two days after our
-marriage. He was not a good looking young man.</p>
-
-<p>"Sally Lincoln, Abraham's only sister, married Aaron
-Grigsby, my husband's oldest brother, but that was before
-my marriage. I never saw her, for she died about three
-years after her marriage. I have seen Thomas Lincoln,
-but was not acquainted with him. My husband and Abraham
-Lincoln attended the same school. My husband never
-had a sister that he thought more of than he did of Sally
-Lincoln.</p>
-
-<p>"After our marriage on Thursday, we moved to my place,
-where Grandview now is. I have been a member of the
-United Brethren Church about forty-five years. My husband
-joined the church about eight years before I joined.
-He was a class-leader for many years. He died sixteen
-years ago last January. I have raised eight children, but
-only four are living, one son and three daughters.</p>
-
-<p>"I am not much account any more, but I am still here.
-My health has been better the past winter than common.
-My eyesight is good. I have never used spectacles, but I
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>
-have trouble sometimes in threading a fine needle. My
-teeth are all gone, except two old snags. I am living on
-my farm of forty acres, two miles northwest of Grandview.
-I have a house of four rooms. I rent my farm and three
-rooms, reserving one room for myself. I do my own cooking,
-and eat alone."</p></div>
-
-<p>"Aunt Betsy" died March 27, 1901, two years after
-the interview mentioned, in her eighty-ninth year. Her
-picture, secured for this book, through her daughter,
-Mrs. Enco, residing in Spencer County, is a good one.</p>
-
-<p>"The Chronicles of Reuben," mentioned by "Aunt
-Betsy," were written in scripture style, but no copy has
-been preserved. Thomas Bunton, an aged citizen of
-Gentryville, told me that he remembered hearing the
-"Chronicles" read when he was a boy. Redmond D.
-Grigsby told me, in my interview with him, that he was
-in possession of them for some time, but they were lost
-or destroyed. He said the "Chronicles" were no credit
-to Mr. Lincoln. Those purporting to be the "Chronicles"
-in Herndon and Weiks' "Life of Lincoln," were
-written by Herndon as remembered by Mrs. Crawford,
-the wife of Josiah Crawford. Dr. W. S. Bryant, of
-Dale, told me, some years ago, that he accompanied
-Herndon, in 1865, to the Crawford place, when the
-"Chronicles" were written as before stated. It had then
-been thirty-six years since they were written.</p>
-
-<p>The Grigsbys were much irritated when the "Chronicles"
-were written, and have protested against their
-becoming a matter of history. It is alleged that they
-were written to humiliate the Grigsbys for slighting
-Lincoln in the invitations to the infare. The account
-of the fight between John Johnston and William Grigsby
-is mentioned in full in Lamon's "Life of Lincoln," but
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>
-whether all the details there mentioned are true no one
-can say.</p>
-
-<p>The day I visited Captain and Mrs. Lamar, already
-referred to, at their request, I visited the captain's
-cousin, Mrs. Ruth Jennings Huff, residing in Buffaloville.
-She was the only surviving child of Josiah Crawford.
-She said she was the middle child of five children,
-three brothers and one sister. She showed me a corner
-cupboard made by Thomas Lincoln and his son Abraham
-for her father. Her father died about thirty
-years before my visit. In the distribution of the property
-among the children, among other things, she chose
-the cupboard. After telling many things she had heard
-her parents say about Lincoln, I ventured to ask if she
-ever heard of the "Chronicles of Reuben." Her quick,
-characteristic reply was, "Lord, yes; I've heard mother
-tell it a thousand times." Mrs. Huff died at the residence
-of her son, S. H. Jennings, in Rockport, Indiana,
-December 26, 1906, in her eightieth year. Mr. Jennings
-is the present owner of the cupboard referred to, and he
-writes me that he would not part with it for any reasonable
-price. I am indebted to him for a good photograph
-of his mother.</p>
-
-<p>In the latter part of the 'twenties, Abraham Lincoln
-and Henry Brooner walked to Vincennes, Indiana, a
-distance of more than fifty miles, and while there they
-purchased a rifle gun in partnership for fifteen dollars.
-They hunted for game on their way back home. When
-the Lincolns moved to Illinois in 1830, Mr. Brooner
-purchased Mr. Lincoln's interest in the gun. He kept
-it until 1872, when he presented it to his adopted son
-Samuel, on the day of his marriage. I purchased the
-gun of Samuel Brooner, September 7, 1903. Of course,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>
-the gun was originally a "flint-lock." It was changed
-to shoot with percussion caps. John F. Martin, now
-living at Dale, in his seventy-eighth year, and a son-in-law
-of Henry Brooner; John W. Kemp, now sixty-three,
-a justice of the peace, born and reared on a farm adjoining
-Henry Brooner, and Samuel Brooner, each made
-oath as to their knowledge of the gun. I have known
-all these persons for more than twenty years, and know
-their testimony to be first class. The gun is now in
-possession of John E. Burton, of Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.</p>
-
-<p>Nearly all the Lincoln biographies mention the fact
-that Lincoln often read and studied the "Revised Statutes
-of Indiana," which he borrowed of David Turnham,
-a constable, who lived near the Lincolns in Indiana.
-Mr. Turnham's father and family came to Indiana and
-settled in Spencer County, in 1819. Turnham and
-Lincoln went hunting together and attended the same
-school, although Turnham was six years older, as he
-was born August 2, 1803. "The Revised Statutes,"
-besides containing the constitution and laws of Indiana,
-contained the Declaration of Independence and the
-Constitution of the United States. No doubt it was in
-this book that Lincoln first read those important documents.
-Mr. Turnham gave the book to Mr. Herndon
-in 1865, when he was gathering material for the "Life
-of Lincoln." After being in several hands, the book is
-now said to be in possession of W. H. Winters, librarian
-of the New York Law Institute.</p>
-
-<p>Twenty years ago I visited the home of David Turnham's
-widow, now deceased, who knew Mr. Lincoln, and
-I was well acquainted with the two sons, John J. and
-George W., who then resided at Dale. David Turnham
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>
-died August 2, 1884, at the age of eighty-one. I am
-under obligation to my esteemed friend, George W.
-Turnham, now of Evansville, Indiana, for information
-concerning his father, for a copy of Lincoln's letter to
-his father, found elsewhere in this book, and for his
-father's and mother's pictures, which have never before
-appeared in any publication.</p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span></p>
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">The Emigration to Illinois</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">Preparations for Removal—Recollections of Old Acquaintances—The
-Old Indiana Home—Blocks from the Old House—The
-Cedar Tree—More Tangled History Untangled—Mr. Jones'
-Store—Various Experiences in Illinois—Recollections of an
-Old Friend.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">After</span> residing in Indiana fourteen years, and having
-rather a rough experience, Thomas Lincoln, through
-the inducements of others, concluded to move to Illinois.
-Abraham was now twenty-one years old. The
-farm products were sold to David Turnham. The
-family started March 1, 1830. Other families accompanied
-them.</p>
-
-<p>Expressions made to me, and written at the time by
-different persons who remembered the departure of the
-Lincolns, are here given:</p>
-
-<p>Allen Brooner said: "I remember when the Lincoln
-family left for Illinois. Abraham and his step-brother,
-John Johnston, came to my father's to trade a young
-horse for a yoke of oxen. The trade was made. John
-Johnston did most of the talking."</p>
-
-<p>Redmond D. Grigsby said: "I was twelve years old
-when the Lincolns left for Illinois. I helped to hitch
-the two yokes of oxen to the wagon, and went with them
-half a mile."</p>
-
-<p>James Gentry said: "I was eleven years old when
-the Lincoln family started to Illinois. They stayed at
-my father's the night before they started."</p>
-
-<p>Mrs. Lamar said: "I remember when the Lincolns
-left for Illinois. All the neighbors went to see them
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span>
-start. All the surroundings, to my mind, are as plain
-as things are now in my kitchen."</p>
-
-<p>The old Indiana house, built by Thomas Lincoln, in
-1817, was torn down, and the logs shipped away, many
-years ago, except one log. Isaac Houghland, a reliable
-man and merchant of Lincoln City, was in possession
-of this log, and stated to me that a man by the name
-of Skelton said he would make oath that it was one of
-the logs of the old Lincoln house. Mr. Houghland
-kindly gave me two blocks, which I saw his son chop
-from the log.</p>
-
-<p>A cedar-tree stands near where the Lincoln house
-stood. A number of unreliable stories concerning this
-tree have been told in various Lincoln biographies,
-magazine and newspaper articles. Some state that the
-tree was planted by Abraham Lincoln; others, that
-James Gentry planted the tree the day the Lincolns
-started to Illinois, in honor of his friend, Abraham.
-James Gentry, many years ago, purchased several hundred
-acres of land around and including the Lincoln
-farm. He told me, in the interview before mentioned,
-that he planted the cedar-tree in 1858. I wrote that
-fact in his presence, and have preserved the original
-paper on which it is written. The tree was planted
-twenty-eight years after the Lincolns vacated the premises.
-Some of the citizens of Lincoln City do not know
-the true history of the tree. Some yet believe Lincoln
-planted it, and hundreds of visitors have almost stripped
-the tree of its twigs and branches with the same delusive
-idea. Here is more "tangled history untangled."</p>
-
-<p>William Jones kept a store at Gentryville some years
-before, and at the time the Lincolns went away, Abraham
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span>
-often worked for Mr. Jones, and read newspapers
-at the store. Before leaving he bought thirty-five dollars'
-worth of goods from Mr. Jones to sell on the way
-out to Illinois. He wrote back that he doubled his
-money on the investment. Mr. Jones was born in
-Vincennes, Indiana, January 5, 1800. He was a member
-of the Indiana Legislature from 1838 to 1841. He
-was killed while in command as colonel of the Fifty-third
-Indiana Regiment, at Atlanta, Georgia, July 22,
-1864. I gather these facts, mainly, from an article
-furnished a newspaper by Captain William Jones, of
-Rockport, Indiana, a son of Colonel William Jones. I
-knew Captain Jones at Dale, many years ago.</p>
-
-<p>The Lincolns were about two weeks on their journey
-to Illinois. They first settled near Decatur. Thomas
-Lincoln moved a time or two after, and finally settled
-on Goosenest Prairie, near Farmington, in Coles
-County, where he died January 12, 1851, at the age of
-seventy-three. Lincoln's step-mother, whom he loved
-very dearly, died April 10, 1869, in her eighty-first year,
-and four years after the death of her famous step-son.</p>
-
-<p>After his removal to Illinois, Abraham Lincoln did
-not remain much of the time at home. I shall not
-follow his history here in detail. His rail-splitting proclivities;
-his Black Hawk War record; his experience
-as a merchant and postmaster; his career as a lawyer;
-his election at various times to the Illinois Legislature;
-his election to Congress; his marriage, and many other
-matters of history are found in most any of his numerous
-biographies. Whatever reference may be made to
-any of these periods in his history will be for the purpose
-of introducing new material.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>The following, relative to some of Lincoln's early
-experiences in Indiana, was related to me by one of
-Lincoln's early Indiana friends, Allen Brooner:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"I went to Illinois in 1835-36. Most of the time I was
-there I worked at the carpenter trade at Petersburg. We
-were getting out timber for a mill. The owner made me
-'boss.' At that time Abraham Lincoln was postmaster at
-New Salem. He was also keeping a store at the time.
-While I was there, Lincoln made a mistake in his own
-favor of five cents in trading with a woman. When he
-discovered his mistake, he walked two and a half miles to
-correct the mistake. The county surveyor came to see
-Lincoln while I was out there, and wanted to make him
-his deputy. Lincoln said, 'I know nothing of surveying.'
-'But,' said the surveyor, 'they tell me you can learn anything.'
-Not long afterward I saw Lincoln out surveying.
-When Lincoln would hand me my mail he would often
-inquire about the Spencer County people and the old
-acquaintances. In his conversation he always put the best
-construction on everything."</p></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter"><a name="i_032.jpg" id="i_032.jpg"></a>
-  <img src="images/i_032.jpg" width="454" height="600"
-        alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH,</div>
-  <div class="chapsum"><i>At Lincoln City, Indiana, on the old Lincoln farm.
-    The author, as presiding elder, has officiated and
-    preached in this church.</i></div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcontainer">
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_033a.jpg" id="i_033a.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_033a.jpg" width="475" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">JACOB S. BROTHER.</div>
-	<div class="chapsum"><i>Still living at Rockport, Indiana. When
-      a small boy lived with his father's
-      family in the cabin in which Abraham
-      Lincoln was born.</i></div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_033b.jpg" id="i_033b.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_033b.jpg" width="468" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">REV. ALLEN BROONER.</div>
-	<div class="chapsum"><i>An old associate of Lincoln in Indiana.
-      Their mothers died one week apart,
-      and are buried at same place.</i></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">Lincoln Visits the Old Indiana Home</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">Lincoln an Admirer of Henry Clay—A Whig Elector—Goes to
-Indiana—Makes Speeches—Old Friends and Old—Time Scenes—Writes
-a Poem.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">In</span> 1844, Henry Clay was a candidate for President
-of the United States, on the Whig ticket. Abraham
-Lincoln was a great admirer of Mr. Clay, and referred
-to him as his "beau-ideal of a statesman." He was
-placed on the Whig ticket as presidential elector, and
-made speeches in favor of Mr. Clay's election. During
-the canvass he visited his old home and acquaintances
-in Indiana for the first time since he left, fourteen years
-before, and it was his only visit to the home of his
-youth.</p>
-
-<p>On the 22d of October, 1898, Thomas Bunton, then
-seventy-five years old, said to me: "I heard Lincoln
-speak in Gentryville in 1844. I saw him coming to the
-place of meeting with Mr. Jones. I heard Lincoln say,
-'Don't introduce me to any one; I want to see how
-many I can recognize.' He went around shaking hands,
-and when he came to me he said, 'This is a Bunton.'"</p>
-
-<p>Captain Lamar said, at the time of my visit to him
-already mentioned: "At the close of Lincoln's speech,
-near Buffaloville, he said, 'Friends and fellow-citizens,
-I may never see you again, but give us a protective tariff
-and you will some day see the greatest nation the sun
-ever shone over.' While saying this he pointed to the
-east and, raising his hand, he closed the sentence pointing
-to the west. From the speaking I went with him
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>
-to Si Crawford's for dinner. He talked much about
-old times, places, and people familiar to him in other
-days. The last words Abe said to me were these, 'You
-are comparatively young, God bless you, I may never
-see you again.'"</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Lincoln was so impressed by his visit to the old
-home that he wrote a descriptive poem, which is published
-in some of the Lincoln biographies. The following
-letter, written in 1846, explains why he wrote the
-poem:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"The piece of poetry of my own which I allude to I was
-led to write under the following circumstances: In the
-fall of 1844, thinking I might aid to carry the State of
-Indiana for Mr. Clay, I went to the neighborhood in that
-State in which I was raised, where my mother and my
-only sister are buried, and from which I had been about
-fifteen years. That part of the country is, within itself,
-as unpoetical as any spot of the earth; but still, seeing it
-and its objects and inhabitants aroused feelings in me
-which were certainly poetry, though whether my expression
-of these feelings is poetry is quite another question. When
-I got to writing, the change of subject divided the thing
-into four little divisions, or cantos, the first only of which
-I send you, and may send the others hereafter."</p></div>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-  <div class="poetry">
-    <div class="stanza">
-      <div class="verse">"My childhood's home I see again,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">And sadden with the view;</div>
-      <div class="verse">And still, as memory crowds my brain,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">There's pleasure in it, too.</div>
-    </div>
-	<div class="stanza">
-      <div class="verse">"Q memory! thou midway world</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">'Twixt earth and paradise,</div>
-      <div class="verse">Where things decayed, and loved ones lost,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">In dreamy shadows rise;</div>
-    </div>
-	<div class="stanza">
-      <div class="verse">"And, freed from all that's earthly vile,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">Seem hallowed, pure, and bright,</div>
-      <div class="verse">Like scenes in some enchanted isle,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">All bathed in liquid light.</div>
-    </div>
-	<div class="stanza">
-      <div class="verse">"As dusky mountains please the eye,
-	    <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">When twilight chases day;</div>
-      <div class="verse">As bugle notes that, passing by,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">In distance die away;</div>
-    </div>
-	<div class="stanza">
-      <div class="verse">"As leaving some grand waterfall,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">We, lingering, list its roar;</div>
-      <div class="verse">So memory will hallow all</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">We've known, but know no more.</div>
-    </div>
-	<div class="stanza">
-      <div class="verse">"Near twenty years have passed away</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">Since here I bid farewell</div>
-      <div class="verse">To woods and fields, and scenes of play,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">And playmates loved so well;</div>
-    </div>
-	<div class="stanza">
-      <div class="verse">"Where many were, but few remain,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">Of old, familiar things;</div>
-      <div class="verse">But seeing them to mind again</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">The lost and absent brings.</div>
-    </div>
-	<div class="stanza">
-      <div class="verse">"The friends I left that parting day,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">How changed! as time has sped</div>
-      <div class="verse">Young childhood grown, strong manhood gray,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">And half of all are dead.</div>
-    </div>
-	<div class="stanza">
-      <div class="verse">"I hear the loud survivors tell</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">How naught from death could save,</div>
-      <div class="verse">Till every sound appears a knell,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">And every spot a grave.</div>
-    </div>
-	<div class="stanza">
-      <div class="verse">"I range the fields with pensive tread,</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">And pace the hollow rooms,</div>
-      <div class="verse">And feel (companions of the dead),</div>
-      <div class="verse indent-1_5">I'm living in the tombs."</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
- </div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p>
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">Lincoln and the Armstrong Case</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">Famous Law Cases—The Clary Grove Boys—The Wrestling Contest—Jack
-and Hannah Armstrong—Trial of Their Son for
-Murder—Lincoln's Tact and the Acquittal—Letters from the
-Surviving Attorney in the Case—More Tangled History
-Untangled—Unpublished Facts Connected with Parties in the
-Case.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">Lincoln</span>, as a lawyer, was employed in a number of
-noted cases involving great interests. One was the
-defense of a slave girl, Nancy, in 1841, in the Supreme
-Court of Illinois, who, through him, was made free. At
-this time Mr. Lincoln was only thirty-two years of age.
-The case excited great interest, and the decision forever
-settled the few traces of slavery which had then existed
-in southern Illinois.</p>
-
-<p>Another case was the Central Illinois Railroad Company
-against McLean County, Illinois, tried at Bloomington.
-This case was decided in favor of the railroad.
-Mr. Lincoln received from the company a fee of $5,000,
-the largest fee he ever received.</p>
-
-<p>Another suit in which he was employed was the
-McCormick Reaper Patent case, tried in 1857, in Cincinnati,
-Ohio. Here Mr. Lincoln first met the Honorable
-Edwin M. Stanton, who was employed on the same
-side of the case. Mr. Stanton treated Mr. Lincoln with
-great disrespect. Mr. Lincoln overheard him, in an
-adjoining room, ask, "Where did that long-armed creature
-come from, and what can he do in this case?" He
-also declared if "that giraffe" was permitted to appear
-in the case he would throw up his brief and leave it.
-He further referred to Lincoln as a "long, lank creature
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>
-from Illinois, wearing a dirty linen duster for a coat,
-the back of which the perspiration had splotched
-with stains that resembled the map of a continent."
-As there were a number of attorneys on both sides, it
-was ordered that only two speeches be made on each
-side. This order would exclude either Lincoln or Stanton,
-as there were three attorneys on that side of the
-case. At Lincoln's suggestion, Stanton quickly decided
-to speak. Mr. Lincoln was greatly disappointed, for he
-had made much preparation. Four years later, Mr.
-Lincoln was inaugurated President of the United
-States, and he chose Mr. Stanton as a member of his
-cabinet, and they were close friends during the Civil
-War.</p>
-
-<p>The most celebrated case in which Mr. Lincoln figured
-was the Armstrong case, in 1858. All the Lincoln
-biographers refer to it, and as I have some unpublished
-facts in reference to it and some of the parties connected
-with the case, it is here presented at length.</p>
-
-<p>There was near New Salem a band of young men
-known as the "Clary Grove Boys." The special tie
-that united them was physical courage and strength.
-Every newcomer of any great strength had to be tested.
-So Lincoln was required to go through the ordeal of a
-wrestling match. Seeing that he could not be easily
-floored, Jack Armstrong, their champion, was chosen
-to lay Lincoln on his back. Many gathered to witness
-the contest, and a number of bets were made. After
-quite a spirited engagement, Lincoln won, and was
-invited to become one of the company. Jack Armstrong
-declared, "Abe Lincoln is the best man that ever broke
-into the settlement," and he became a lifelong, warm
-friend of Lincoln.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Some time after the scuffle, Lincoln found a home,
-for a time, with Jack Armstrong, where he read and
-studied. Armstrong was a farmer, and a poor man,
-but he saw genius struggling in the young student, and
-welcomed him to his cabin home and rough fare. Mrs.
-Armstrong, a most excellent woman, learned to respect
-Mr. Lincoln, and befriended him in many ways.</p>
-
-<p>About twenty years after Lincoln's stay in the Armstrong
-home, William D. Armstrong, commonly called
-"Duff," a son of Jack and Hannah Armstrong, became
-involved in a difficulty. He was somewhat wild, and
-was often in bad company. One night, in August, 1857,
-in company with a wild crowd, he went to a camp-meeting,
-where a row ensued, in which a man named
-Metzker received injuries from which he died three days
-later. Young Armstrong and another young man,
-Norris, were arrested, charged with murder, and put
-in jail. The community was greatly stirred over the
-matter and demanded the speedy punishment of the
-prisoners. A short time after "Duff" was placed in jail,
-his father, Jack Armstrong, died, and his last request
-was for his wife to sell everything she had to clear
-"Duff." Mrs. Armstrong engaged two lawyers at
-Havana, Illinois, and Lincoln, hearing of her troubles,
-wrote her the following letter:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p class="ar sc">"Springfield, Ohio, September 18, ——.</p>
-
-<p>"<span class="sc">Dear Mrs. Armstrong</span>:—I have just heard of your deep
-affliction, and the arrest of your son for murder. I can
-hardly believe that he can be guilty of the crime alleged
-against him. It does not seem possible. I am anxious
-that he should have a fair trial, at any rate; and gratitude
-for your long-continued kindness to me in adverse circumstances
-prompts me to offer my humble services gratuitously
-in his behalf. It will afford me an opportunity to
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span>
-requite, in a small degree, the favors I received at your
-hand, and that of your lamented husband, when your roof
-afforded me grateful shelter without money and without
-price.</p>
-
-<div class="indent-60">
-Yours truly,</div>
-<div class="ar sc">Abraham Lincoln."</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>The first act was to secure a postponement and a
-change in place of trial. The trial was held at Beardstown,
-in May, 1858, only two years before Mr. Lincoln
-was nominated for President of the United States, and
-the case was watched with great interest. Norris had
-already been convicted and sent to the penitentiary.</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"When the trial was called the prisoner was pale and
-emaciated, with hopelessness written on every feature.
-He was accompanied by his half-hoping, half-despairing
-mother, whose only hope was in a mother's belief of her
-son's innocence, in the justice of the God she worshiped,
-and in the noble counsel, who, without hope of fee or
-reward upon earth, had undertaken the case."</p></div>
-
-<p>A statement of the trial is here taken, with a few
-changes, from Barrett's excellent "Life of Lincoln":</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"Mr. Lincoln sat quietly by while the large auditory
-looked on him as though wondering what he could say in
-defense of one whose guilt they regarded as certain. The
-examination of the witnesses for the State was begun, and
-a well-arranged mass of evidence, circumstantial and positive,
-was introduced, which seemed to impale the prisoner
-beyond the possibility of extrication. The strongest evidence
-was that of a man who belonged to the rough element,
-who swore that at eleven o'clock at night he saw
-Armstrong strike the deceased on the head, that the moon
-was shining brightly, and was nearly full, and that its
-position in the sky was just about that of the sun at ten
-o'clock in the morning, and that by it he saw Armstrong
-give the mortal blow.</p>
-
-<p>"The counsel for the defense propounded but few questions,
-and those of a character which excited no uneasiness
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span>
-on the part of the prosecutor—merely, in most cases, requiring
-the main witness to be definite as to time and
-place.</p>
-
-<p>"When the evidence of the prosecution was ended, Lincoln
-introduced a few witnesses to remove some erroneous
-impressions in regard to the previous character of his
-client, who, though somewhat rowdyish, had never been
-known to commit a vicious act; and to show that a greater
-degree of ill feeling existed between the accuser and the
-accused than the accused and the deceased.</p>
-
-<p>"The prosecutor felt that the case was a clear one, and
-his opening speech was brief and formal. Lincoln arose,
-while a deathly silence pervaded the vast audience, and in
-a clear, but moderate tone, began his argument. Slowly
-and carefully he reviewed the testimony, pointing out the
-hitherto unobserved discrepancies in the statements of the
-principal witness. That which had seemed plain and
-plausible, he made to appear as a serpent's path. The
-witness had stated that the affair took place at a certain
-hour in the evening, and that, by the aid of the brightly-shining
-moon, he saw the prisoner inflict the death blow."</p></div>
-
-<p>At this point Mr. Lincoln produced an almanac,
-which showed that at the time referred to by the witness
-there was no moon at all, and showed it to the jury.
-He then said that the principal witness had testified to
-what was absolutely false, and declared his whole story
-a fabrication. Lincoln had told no one of his discovery,
-so that it produced quite a sensation.</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"An almost instantaneous change seemed to have been
-wrought in the minds of the auditors, and the verdict of
-'not guilty' was at the end of every tongue. But the advocate
-was not content with this intellectual achievement.
-His whole being had for months been bound up in this
-work of gratitude and mercy, and, as the lava of the overcharged
-crater bursts from its imprisonment, so great
-thoughts and burning words leaped from the soul of the
-eloquent Lincoln. He drew a picture of the perjurer, so
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span>
-horrid and ghastly that the accuser could sit under it no
-longer, but reeled and staggered from the court-room, while
-the audience fancied they could see the brand upon his
-brow. Then, in words of thrilling pathos, Lincoln appealed
-to the jurors, as fathers of sons who might become fatherless,
-and as husbands of wives who might be widowed, to
-yield to no previous impressions, no ill-founded prejudice,
-but to do his client justice. As he alluded to the debt of
-gratitude he owed the boy's dead father and his living
-widowed mother, tears were seen to fall from many eyes
-unused to weep. It was near night when he concluded by
-saying that if justice was done,—as he believed it would
-be,—before the sun should set it would shine upon his
-client a free man.</p>
-
-<p>"The jury retired, and the court adjourned for the day.
-Half an hour had not elapsed when a messenger announced
-that the jury had returned to their seats. All repaired
-immediately to the court-house, and while the prisoner was
-being brought from the jail, the court-room was filled to
-overflowing with citizens of the town. When the prisoner
-and his mother entered, silence reigned as completely as
-though the house were empty. The foreman of the jury,
-in answer to the usual inquiry from the court, delivered
-the verdict of 'Not guilty.'</p>
-
-<p>"The widow dropped into the arms of her son, who lifted
-her up, and told her to look upon him as before, free and
-innocent. Then with the words, 'Where is Mr. Lincoln?'
-he rushed across the room, and grasped the hand of his
-deliverer, while his heart was too full for utterance. Lincoln
-turned his eyes toward the west, where the sun still
-lingered in view, and then, turning to the youth, said, 'It
-is not yet sundown, and you are free.' An eye-witness
-says: 'I confess that my cheeks were not wholly unwet
-by tears as I turned from the affecting scene. As I cast
-a glance behind, I saw Abraham Lincoln obeying the divine
-injunction, by comforting the widowed and the fatherless.'"</p></div>
-
-<p>A story has been reported that the introduction of an
-almanac in the Armstrong trial was a piece of trickery
-on Lincoln's part; that an almanac of 1853 was used
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span>
-with all the figure 3's changed to 7's. This was not
-necessary, for the almanac of 1857 answered the purpose,
-and, besides, Mr. Lincoln was not a dishonest
-lawyer.</p>
-
-<p>Others have claimed that no almanac was used at all
-in the trial. George Cary Eggleston, a noted author,
-is reported as putting a discount on it, and intimates
-that the story arose from an incident connected with a
-trial in the early 'fifties at Vevay, Indiana, witnessed
-by himself and his brother Edward, the author of the
-"Hoosier Schoolmaster," and other popular novels. He
-says his brother, in writing the novel, entitled "The
-Graysons," exercised the novelist's privilege, and attributed
-this clever trick to Abraham Lincoln in the days
-of his obscurity.</p>
-
-<p>Part First of Honorable J. H. Barrett's "Life of
-Lincoln" was prepared for the press in June, 1860, just
-after Mr. Lincoln's nomination for the presidency, and
-only two years after the Armstrong trial, and there the
-trial is mentioned in full, with the almanac incident.
-How does the George Cary Eggleston account jibe with
-these facts? His brother Edward simply stated an historical
-fact in attributing the almanac incident to Lincoln,
-and it was not the exercise of a novelist's fancy.</p>
-
-<p>In order to secure additional facts in the Armstrong
-case, I recently wrote to the postmaster at Havana,
-Illinois, for the names of the lawyers, if yet living, who
-were associated with Mr. Lincoln in the case. The
-following letter was received, which is here given for its
-historic value:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p class="ar sc">"Havana, Illinois, August 22, 1908.
-</p>
-
-<p>"<span class="sc">Rev. J. T. Hobson</span>, <span class="sc">Dear Sir</span>:—Your
-letter directed to
-the postmaster of this place, dated August 18, 1908, was
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>
-handed to me by the postmaster, Mr. Oscar Harpham, and
-he requested me to answer your letter.</p>
-
-<p>"You ask for the names of the lawyers in Havana, who,
-in connection with Abraham Lincoln, defended Duff Armstrong
-in the Circuit Court of Cass County, Illinois, held
-in Beardstown, in 1858. In answer, I will state that the
-undersigned, Lyman Lacey, Sr., was one of the two lawyers
-who was employed to defend said Armstrong. Our firm
-name was Walker and Lacey, and we were practicing law
-in Havana, Mason County, Illinois, at the time in partnership,
-and had been so engaged at the time of the trial
-since 1856. Mr. Walker's given name was William. In
-1865, Mr. William Walker removed to Lexington, State of
-Missouri, where he practiced law, and was county judge
-part of the time, and, a few years ago, died.</p>
-
-<p>"I am the only attorney who practiced and was employed
-to defend Armstrong, yet alive. I am in the practice of
-law now, and am in good health, and on the 9th day of
-May last was seventy-six years old. Was about twenty-six
-years old at the time of trial of the Armstrong case in
-Beardstown, and my partner, some years older than myself,
-was the senior member of our firm. He attended the trial
-in Beardstown with Lincoln. I was not present, but stayed
-at home in the office in Havana.</p>
-
-<p>"Mason and Cass counties join, and the crime of killing
-Metzker, for which Armstrong was indicted, took place in
-Mason County, and the indictment against Armstrong was
-found in this county, and a change of venue was taken to
-Cass County, which was in the same judicial district.</p>
-
-<p>"I was well acquainted with Hannah Armstrong, mother
-of "Duff," with whom Lincoln had boarded in Menard
-County, which also joins Mason, when he was a young man,
-and before he was a lawyer, That was the reason Lincoln
-would not charge anything for defending her son. Our
-firm, Walker and Lacey, did not charge her anything for
-our services. "Duff" could not pay. His mother employed
-us and Lincoln. Lincoln and our firm consulted together
-about the defense, and Walker assisted at the trial.</p>
-
-<p>"I would be glad to give you any information in regard
-to the trial and the parties in the Armstrong case. It was
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span>
-quite celebrated, and things have been told that were not
-true.</p>
-
-<p>"In regard to myself, in 1873 I was elected judge of the
-Circuit Court, and elected three times afterwards, and
-served in all twenty-four years. By appointment of the
-Supreme Court of this State, I served twenty years on the
-Appellate Court bench. I retired from the bench in 1897.</p>
-
-<div class="indent-60">
-Yours very truly,</div>
-<div class="ar sc">"Lyman Lacey, Sr."</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>After receiving the above letter, I wrote to Judge
-Lacey for additional information, and, in reply, received
-another letter containing interesting data, which here
-follows:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p class="ar sc">"Havana, Illinois, September 1, 1908.
-</p>
-
-<p>"<span class="sc">Rev. J. T. Hobson</span>, <span class="sc">Dear Sir</span>:—Your
-letter of August 26th, was duly received, and contents noted. I wish to
-state to you that William Duff Armstrong was duly and
-jointly indicted with James H. Norris in the Circuit Court
-of Mason County, Illinois, for the murder of Metzker,
-October 3, 1857. Hugh Fullerton, of Mason County, was
-State's attorney and prosecutor, and is long since deceased.
-Norris was unable to employ an attorney, not having the
-necessary means. According to the laws of Illinois, in
-such case the circuit judge appoints an attorney at law to
-defend him, and the attorney is obliged to defend the
-prisoner without compensation. Accordingly the court
-appointed William Walker, my law partner, to defend
-Norris, which he did. Norris was tried before a jury of
-twelve men in Mason County, and said jury, on the 5th of
-November, convicted him of manslaughter, and fixed the
-time he should serve in the penitentiary as eight years,
-and the judge sentenced him to serve that time in the
-penitentiary at hard labor, which he did, less time gained
-by good behavior.</p>
-
-<p>"William Duff Armstrong was granted a change of venue,
-November 5, 1857, to Cass County, Illinois, and was tried
-the next spring. William Walker and myself were employed
-by Hannah Armstrong and Duff to defend him in
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span>
-Cass County, Illinois. I cannot state for certain whether
-'Aunt Hannah' first sought the advice and help of Lincoln,
-or whether Lincoln first volunteered his services, but my
-recollection is that she first sought his aid. I understood
-after the trial of Duff that Mr. Lincoln told her he would
-make no charge for his services, because, he told her,
-she had spent more time, while he boarded with her, in
-darning his stockings and mending his clothes, than he
-had in defending her son in the trial, and as she never
-charged him anything, he would not charge her for his
-services.</p>
-
-<p>"You know that 'Old Abe,' as he was called, was a humorous
-kind of a man. At one time when I was in Beardstown,
-at a term of court, looking after the Armstrong case, Lincoln
-was also there, and the judge, who had to come down
-on a steamboat from Pekin on the Illinois River, was long
-delayed. Lincoln and myself were at the same hotel in
-Beardstown, waiting for the judge, when Lincoln became
-very uneasy, and walked backward and forward, slowly,
-at the door of the hotel, when finally he spelled out—'t-e-j-u-s,
-t-e-j-u-s,' pronouncing the word as spelled twice.</p>
-
-<p>"In regard to the almanac question, there was a witness
-who testified that after eleven o'clock, when the moon was
-shining brightly, he saw Duff Armstrong strike Metzker
-with a club. Lincoln and my partner, William Walker,
-introduced the almanac of 1857, showing that the moon
-set before eleven o'clock, which proved that the witness
-was swearing to a falsehood as regarded the shining of the
-moon. Now some one started the story that the almanac
-introduced was not one of the date of 1857, but of a former
-date showing the setting of the moon before eleven o'clock....
-My partner, Walker, would have told me about it if
-such a trick had been performed at the trial, but he never
-did. Some years ago, I examined an almanac of 1857,
-which showed the setting of the moon was before eleven
-o'clock, and that it was the right almanac to introduce.
-A year or two before Duff Armstrong died, I had a conversation
-with him in Mason City, Mason County, Illinois,
-and he said there was no truth in the story that an almanac
-of a different date than 1857 was introduced. The above
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span>
-charge is untrue, and is what I referred to in my former
-letter....</p>
-
-<p>"I practiced law with Herndon in the 'fifties and the
-'sixties, and he often talked to me about Lincoln, whom he
-liked very much, and afterward wrote his history. [Herndon
-was Lincoln's law partner twenty years.]</p>
-
-<p>"At the time of the Armstrong trial, Lincoln was not
-looked upon as the great man he is to-day, only that he was
-a very good and successful lawyer. No one ever dreamed
-that he would be President. He was a man of great common
-sense, and an amusing story-teller. He knew how to
-please the common people, and everybody liked him personally.</p>
-
-<div class="indent-60">
-Yours truly,</div>
-<div class="ar sc">"Lyman Lacey, Sr."</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Miss Ida M. Tarbell says, in <i>McClure's Magazine</i>,
-that Lincoln told the jury in the Armstrong case that
-he was not there as a hired attorney, but to discharge
-a debt of gratitude. Duff Armstrong said: "Uncle
-Abe did his best talking when he told the jury what true
-friends my father and mother had been to him in the
-early days. He told how he used to go out to Jack
-Armstrong's and stay for days; how kind mother was
-to him; and how, many a time, he had rocked me to
-sleep in the old cradle."</p>
-
-<p>J. M. Hobson, now in his eighty-first year, and who,
-for many years, has resided in Winterset, Iowa, recently
-informed me that he was acquainted with "Aunt Hannah."
-She was married the second time to Samuel
-Wilcox. She died in Winterset, August 15, 1890, at
-the age of seventy-nine.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Hobson further said: "The son that Lincoln
-took an interest in was here fifteen or sixteen years
-ago. His name was William, but they called him
-"Duffy." We had a revival meeting at our church, and
-he attended. I took an interest in him, and tried to
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span>
-get him to be a Christian. He did not make a start
-then, and I do not know whether he did later or not."</p>
-
-<p>Duff Armstrong was a soldier in the Civil War, and
-died a widower, in 1899, at his daughter's, near Easton,
-Mason County, Illinois.</p>
-
-<p>"Aunt Hannah" has a number of relatives in Winterset,
-Iowa, among them Mrs. Martha McDonald, her
-step-daughter and daughter-in-law. She was first married
-to Robert, a son of "Aunt Hannah." He died several
-years ago. I am indebted to Mrs. McDonald,
-through J. M. Hobson, for the excellent picture of
-"Aunt Hannah" in this book, also for the picture of
-"Duff," taken late in life, as an every-day farmer. He
-was Mrs. McDonald's step-brother and brother-in-law.</p>
-
-<div class="figcontainer">
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_048a.jpg" id="i_048a.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_048a.jpg" width="450" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">CAPTAIN JOHN W. LAMAR,</div>
-	<div class="ac smaller"><i>Who knew Lincoln in Indiana</i>.</div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_048b.jpg" id="i_048b.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_048b.jpg" width="443" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">MRS. CAPT. J. W. LAMAR,</div>
-	<div class="chapsum"><i>Yet living in Spencer County, Indiana,
-      who remembers the Lincolns in Indiana</i>.</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcontainer">
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_049a.jpg" id="i_049a.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_049a.jpg" width="448" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">HONORABLE JAMES GENTRY,</div>
-	<div class="chapsum"><i>Son of proprietor of Gentryville, Indiana.
-      Both knew Lincoln in Indiana</i>.</div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_049b.jpg" id="i_049b.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_049b.jpg" width="447" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">ELIZABETH GRIGSBY,</div>
-	<div class="chapsum"><i>One of the brides of a double wedding
-      in Indiana which caused Lincoln to
-      write the "Chronicles of Reuben."</i></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">Lincoln's Temperance Principles</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">Promise Made to His Mother—Writes a Temperance Article
-Before Leaving Indiana—Mr. Wood and Mr. Farmer—Did
-Lincoln Sell Whisky?—His Great Temperance Address—Testimony
-of Associates—Moses Martin's Letter—The Internal
-Revenue Bill.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">It</span> is well known that Abraham Lincoln was strictly
-a temperance man. His early training was on that line.
-In his maturer years, while a member of Congress,
-when urged by an associate to drink on a certain occasion,
-he said, "I promised my precious mother only a
-few days before she died that I would never use anything
-intoxicating as a beverage, and I consider that
-promise as binding to-day as it was on the day I made
-it."</p>
-
-<p>Among his first literary efforts, at his boyhood home
-in Indiana, was to write an article on temperance. William
-Wood, living near by, was Lincoln's chief adviser
-in many things. He took a political and a temperance
-paper, and Lincoln read them thoroughly. He expressed
-a desire to try his hand at writing an article on temperance.
-Mr. Wood encouraged him, and the article was
-written. Aaron Farmer, a noted minister of the United
-Brethren Church, often stopped with Mr. Wood, who
-was a zealous and devoted member of the same church.
-Mr. Herndon and other Lincoln biographers are mistaken
-in saying that Aaron Farmer was a minister of
-the Baptist Church. Henry Brooner told me that he
-joined the United Brethren Church at a grove meeting
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span>
-held in that part of the country by Aaron Farmer, in
-the fall of 1827.</p>
-
-<p>Lincoln's temperance article was shown Mr. Farmer
-by Mr. Wood, and he was so well pleased with it that
-he sent it to an Ohio paper, in which it was published.
-Lincoln, at this time, was seventeen or eighteen years
-old. I was acquainted with James, Andrew, Robert,
-and Charles, aged sons of William Wood, all of whom
-knew Lincoln. They have all passed away. In the year
-1888, I officiated at the funeral of Mrs. Nancy Armstrong,
-one of Mr. Wood's daughters, at her home,
-which was the old home of her father, where Lincoln
-was always a welcome visitor. William L. Wood, a
-grandson of Lincoln's adviser, now living at Dale, and
-whom I have known for many years, says his grandfather
-was a temperance worker.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Farmer had a literary turn of mind, and published
-a paper called <i>Zion's Advocate</i>, at Salem, Indiana,
-in 1829, but this was about two years after Lincoln's
-temperance article was written. The United
-Brethren Church organ, the <i>Religious Telescope</i>, now
-published at Dayton, Ohio, was first published at Circleville,
-Ohio, in 1834, but this was still later. Query:
-In what paper in Ohio was Lincoln's temperance article
-printed? Mr. Farmer died March 1, 1839, while serving
-as presiding elder of the Indianapolis District.
-William Wood, Lincoln's old friend and adviser, died
-at Dale, Spencer County, Indiana, December 28, 1867,
-at the age of eighty-three.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Lincoln has been charged with selling whisky
-at New Salem, Illinois. Let us examine the facts and
-his own statement. In 1833, he and Mr. Berry bought
-out three groceries in New Salem. Berry was a drinking
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span>
-man and not a suitable partner for Lincoln. At
-that time grocery stores usually kept whisky on sale, so
-the firm had quite a stock of whisky on hand, along
-with other commodities. Drinking was common then.
-Even some ministers of the gospel would take their
-"dram." It appears that Lincoln trusted Berry to run
-the business. It is doubtful if Lincoln himself sold
-whisky, although his name was connected with the firm.
-The firm failed. Berry died, leaving Lincoln the debts
-to pay.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Douglas, in his debates with Lincoln, twitted
-him as having been a "grocery keeper" and selling
-whisky. In replying, Lincoln jokingly said Mr. Douglas
-was one of his best customers, and said he had left
-his side of the counter, while Douglas stuck to his side
-as tenaciously as ever. When Lincoln laid aside his
-jokes he declared that he never sold whisky in his life.
-(See Chapter IX.)</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Lincoln often "preached" what he called his
-"sermon to boys," as follows: "Don't drink, don't
-gamble, don't smoke, don't lie, don't cheat. Love your
-fellow-men, love God, love truth, love virtue, and be
-happy."</p>
-
-<p>On the 22d of February, 1842, he made a strong
-address before the Washingtonian Temperance Society,
-in the Second Presbyterian Church, Springfield, Illinois,
-in which he said: "Whether or not the world
-would be vastly benefited by a total and final banishment
-from it of all intoxicating drinks, seems to me not
-now an open question. Three-fourths of mankind confess
-the affirmative with their tongues, and, I believe,
-all the rest acknowledge it in their hearts."</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Leonard Swett, who, for eleven years was associated
-with Lincoln in law in the Eighth Judicial District of
-Illinois, said, "Lincoln never tasted liquor, never
-chewed tobacco or smoked."</p>
-
-<p>The late Philip Clark, of Mattoon, Illinois, an old-time
-friend of Lincoln, is reported to have said: "We
-were together one night in a country neighborhood,
-when some one proposed that we all go to church, close
-by, to hear the Rev. John Berry preach a temperance
-sermon. After listening intently, Abe remarked to me
-that that subject would some time be one of the greatest
-in this country."</p>
-
-<p>In the year 1847, Lincoln made a number of temperance
-addresses and circulated a total abstinence pledge,
-urging persons to sign it. Among those who signed
-the pledge presented by Mr. Lincoln were Moses Martin
-and Cleopas Breckenridge, who are still living. Recently
-I wrote to Mr. Martin, asking him to furnish for this
-book a statement concerning his recollections of Lincoln
-and his temperance speech. He promptly answered, as
-follows:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p class="ar sc">"Edinburg, Illinois, January 14, 1909.
-</p>
-
-<p>"<span class="sc">Mr. J. T. Hobson, Dear Sir</span>:—I heard Abraham Lincoln
-lecture on temperance in 1847, at the South Fork schoolhouse.
-He came out from Springfield. He had gotten up
-a pledge. It was called the Washingtonian pledge. He
-made a very forcible lecture, the first temperance lecture
-I ever heard, and the first one ever delivered in our neighborhood.
-It was in the grove, and a large crowd came out
-to hear the lecture. Lincoln asked if any one had anything
-to say, for it or against it, while he circulated the pledge,
-he would hear from them. My old friend, Preston Breckenridge,
-got up and made a very forcible talk. He signed
-the pledge, and all his children. Cleopas was his son.
-Nearly every one there signed it. Preston went out lecturing.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span>
-I usually went with him and circulated the pledge
-copied after Abraham Lincoln's pledge. It read as follows:
-'Whereas, the use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage is
-productive of pauperism, degradation, and crime, and
-believing it is our duty to discourage that which produces
-more evil than good; we, therefore, pledge ourselves to
-abstain from the use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage.'
-When I signed Lincoln's pledge I was about nineteen years
-old. I am now eighty years old.</p>
-
-<p class="ar sc">Moses Martin."</p>
-</div>
-
-<p>At my request, Mr. Martin kindly sent his picture
-for this book. Cleopas Breckenridge, who is referred
-to in Mr. Martin's letter, is living, in his seventy-third
-year, at Custer, Illinois. As he has furnished a statement
-for other publications, he writes that he prefers
-not to furnish it again. It may be said, however, that
-he was ten years old when Lincoln, by permission, wrote
-his name under the pledge, then placing his hand on
-the little boy's head, said, "Now, sonny, you keep that
-pledge, and it will be the best act of your life." In his
-long life, subject to many temptations, Mr. Breckenridge
-has faithfully kept his pledge made at Mr. Lincoln's
-temperance meeting.</p>
-
-<p>On the 29th of September, 1863, in response to an
-address from the Sons of Temperance in Washington,
-President Lincoln said:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"If I were better known than I am, you would not need
-to be told that, in the advocacy of the cause of temperance
-you have a friend and a sympathizer in me. When I was
-a young man—long ago—before the Sons of Temperance
-as an organization had an existence, I, in a humble way,
-made temperance speeches, and I think I may say that to
-this day I have never, by my example, belied what I then
-said.... I think the reasonable men of the world have
-long since agreed that intemperance is one of the greatest,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span>
-if not the very greatest, of all evils among mankind. This
-is not a matter of dispute, I believe. That the disease
-exists, and that it is a very great one, is agreed upon by
-all. The mode of cure is one about which there may be
-differences of opinion."</p></div>
-
-<p>It is true that President Lincoln, during the awful
-pressure of the Civil War, signed the Internal Revenue
-Bill, (H. R., No. 312,) to raise money from various
-sources to support the Government, among which was
-the licensing of retail dealers in intoxicating liquors.
-This bill was warmly discussed. Some years ago, I
-read these discussions in the "Congressional Record,"
-of May 27, 1862. Senators Wilson, Pomeroy, Harris,
-and Wilmot opposed the licensing of the sale of intoxicants
-in the strongest manner. Mr. Lincoln threatened
-to veto the bill, but, as a war measure, and, acting under
-dire necessity, with the assurance that the bill would be
-repealed when the war was over, he reluctantly signed
-the bill, July 1, 1862. Up to this time, however, the
-bill has never been repealed. There have been some
-changes made, among which the word "license" was
-changed to "special tax," but the import is practically
-the same.</p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p>
-
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII"></a>CHAPTER VIII.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">Lincoln as a Prohibitionist</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">Major J. B. Merwin and Abraham Lincoln—They Together Canvass
-Illinois for State Prohibition in 1854-55—Lincoln's Arguments
-Against the Saloon—Facts Omitted by Lincoln's
-Biographers—President Lincoln, Generals Scott and Butler
-Recommend Merwin's Temperance Work in the Army—The
-President Sends Merwin on a Mission to New York the Day
-of the Assassination—Proposition for Freedmen to Dig Panama
-Canal—Lincoln's Last Words to Merwin—Merwin's Characteristic
-Address at Lincoln's Tomb—"Lincoln, the Christian
-Statesman"—Merwin Living at Middlefield, Connecticut.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">It</span> will, no doubt, be of interest to here introduce a
-man who, perhaps, knew Mr. Lincoln as well as any
-man now living. It is Major J. B. Merwin, of Middlefield,
-Connecticut, who is now eighty years old. He is
-a noted educator and lecturer. He formerly resided in
-St. Louis, Missouri, and was the founder of "The
-American Journal of Education," in that city in 1867.
-Since that time he has written much and lectured
-widely on educational and literary subjects.</p>
-
-<p>Learning of his associations with Mr. Lincoln, that
-they together campaigned the State of Illinois for State
-prohibition in 1854-55, I wrote Mr. Merwin for some
-items relative to his acquaintance and associations with
-the great emancipator. In his reply, Mr. Merwin said:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"I mail you a very brief résumé of my connection with
-Mr. Lincoln from 1854 on, up to the day he was assassinated.
-This will answer your query and request, I think,
-fully. Of course the address made at the tomb of the
-great, dear man, on May 26, 1904, was greatly abridged for
-lack of space, but many essential points you will be able
-to gather from what I send you. And I am glad to do this,
-for nearly all his biographers ignore both his prohibition
-and his religious work and character."</p></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>From what Mr. Merwin furnished, as stated in his
-letter, the following facts are here presented:</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Merwin, then a young man, was a temperance
-lecturer in Connecticut, in 1851, during which year he
-and Neal Dow both addressed the legislature in behalf
-of State prohibition. A resident of Springfield, Illinois,
-then visiting in Hartford, being interested in the question,
-gained admittance to this legislative session, and
-was much pleased with Mr. Merwin's presentation of
-the subject. He afterward took it upon himself to
-invite Mr. Merwin to visit Springfield and deliver the
-same address before the Illinois Legislature. The invitation
-was accepted, and the following winter Mr.
-Merwin began a temperance campaign in Illinois. His
-first address was made at the capital. At this time the
-legislature was considering the submission of the prohibition
-question to the people, and as the question met
-with great opposition from the leaders of the two political
-parties, who feared to jeopardize the liquor interests,
-the speaker from the East was not permitted to address
-the legislature as a body, and spoke instead in the
-representative hall.</p>
-
-<p>It was at this meeting that he first met Lincoln, who
-was immediately touched by the young speaker's words
-and enthusiastically accepted his message. Mr. Lincoln
-invited Mr. Merwin home with him that night, but,
-knowing nothing of the character of the man, Mr.
-Merwin asked the advice of a friend, who said, "Most
-certainly, if Mr. Lincoln invites you, go." Mr. Merwin
-says: "We were barely inside his door, and even before
-he asked me to be seated, he wanted to know if I had
-a copy of the Maine law with me. I had, and we spent
-until four o'clock in the morning discussing its features."
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span>
-The matter of a prohibition canvass was outlined,
-and Mr. Lincoln volunteered to put the whole
-matter before Richard Yates, afterwards Illinois' war
-governor, but who was then Grand Worthy Patriarch of
-the Sons of Temperance. Mr. Yates was quick to see
-the strength of the new idea, and himself arranged the
-first series of rallies where Lincoln and Merwin spoke.</p>
-
-<p>The meeting at Jacksonville was presided over by
-Richard Yates. Among the places at which they spoke
-were Bellville, Bloomington, Peoria, Edwardsville, and
-Decatur. Mr. Lincoln's political friends were alarmed
-for him because of his radicalism on the temperance
-question, and made a combined effort to silence him,
-but he continued in the fight.</p>
-
-<p>Prohibition did not carry in its submission to the
-people, but it is said that the votes of forty counties
-were changed in favor of State prohibition.</p>
-
-<p>After the campaign of 1854-55, Mr. Merwin's friendship
-with Lincoln continued without a break up to the
-latter's assassination. Soon after the commencement
-of the war, Mr. Merwin's unceasing advocacy of the
-great reform won him personal recognition, and it was
-suggested by prominent military men that he should
-be officially appointed, and be permitted the freedom
-of the camps in the interests of personal temperance
-work, need of which was widely evident. What President
-Lincoln and Generals Scott and Butler wrote on
-the back of the recommendation, as endorsements, is
-here given. Mr. Merwin has the original manuscript:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"If it be ascertained at the War Department that the
-President has legal authority to make an appointment such
-as is asked within, and Gen. Scott is of opinion it will be
-available for good, then let it be done.</p>
-
-<div>
-"July 17, 1861.</div>
-<div class="ar"><span class="sc">A. Lincoln.</span>"</div>
-</div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"I esteem the mission of Mr. Merwin to this army a
-happy circumstance, and request all commanders to give
-him free access to all our camps and posts, and also to
-multiply occasions to enable him to address our officers
-and men.</p>
-
-<div>
-"July 24, 1861.</div>
-
-<div class="ar">
-<span class="sc">Winfield Scott</span>,</div>
-<div class="ar sc"><i>Department of Virginia.</i>"</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"The mission of Mr. Merwin will be of great benefit to
-the troops, and I will furnish him with every facility to
-address the troops under my command. I hope the Gen'l
-commanding the army will give him such official position
-as Mr. Merwin may desire to carry out his object.</p>
-
-<div>
-"August 8, 1861.</div>
-<div class="ar"><span class="sc">B. F. Butler</span>, <i>Maj-Gen. Com'd'g.</i>"</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>The testimonial to the warm appreciation of Mr.
-Merwin's usefulness in the army as a temperance worker
-is signed by Isaac N. Arnold, O. H. Browning, Charles
-Sumner, Alexander W. Randall, W. A. Buckingham,
-Richard Yates, James Harlan, Alexander Ramsey, A. B.
-Palmer, John F. Potter, J. L. Scripps, Lyman Trumbull,
-Henry Wilson, J. R. Doolittle, Austin Blair,
-Thomas Drummond, James W. Grimes, Samuel J.
-Kirkwood, Timothy O. Howe, David Wilmot, and more
-than one hundred others. They comprise those of governors,
-senators, congressmen, and postmasters.</p>
-
-<p>In 1862, President Lincoln again wrote a special
-order to facilitate his work at the front, as follows, the
-original still being in Mr. Merwin's possession:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"Surgeon General will send Mr. Merwin wherever he
-may think the public service may require.</p>
-
-<div>
-"July 24, 1862.</div>
-<div class="ar"><span class="sc">A. Lincoln.</span>"</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<p>Throughout the war Mr. Merwin was in close personal
-touch with the nation's executive, and had a
-passport, given him by Mr. Lincoln, which admitted
-him to the White House at any time, day or night,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span>
-except during the session of the cabinet. On the day
-of his assassination the President had Mr. Merwin to
-dine with him, and that afternoon sent him on an
-important mission to New York.</p>
-
-<p>It will be a matter of interest to many to know that
-Mr. Lincoln looked very favorably upon a proposal that
-had been made for the excavation and completion of the
-Panama Canal by means of the labor of the freedmen.
-Those close to the President at the time were aware
-of the fact that he favored the plan, and it was for the
-purpose of securing the views of Horace Greeley, of the
-New York <i>Tribune</i>, and other molders of public
-thought, in regard to the plan, that he called Major
-Merwin to the White House on the fatal Friday, April
-14, 1865, the day that he was shot. After the President
-had explained this business to Mr. Merwin, perhaps
-recalling again those stirring times ten years before,
-when he had campaigned with him, he said, "After
-reconstruction, the next great question will be the overthrow
-of the liquor traffic."</p>
-
-<p>That evening Mr. Merwin was on his way to New
-York, and the following morning, as he stepped from
-the train in that city, he heard the terrible news of the
-assassination at Ford's Theater, the night before.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Merwin says that Mr. Lincoln talked freely with
-him on the overthrow of the liquor traffic, and it is his
-strong conviction that if his life had been spared, even
-a decade, he would have emphasized his lifelong devotion
-to the temperance cause with an open and decisive
-championship of State and National prohibition. The
-slavery issue had come unforeseen into his life and
-swept him heart and soul into the very vortex of that
-terrific struggle. As he often expressed it, "there must
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>
-be one war at a time," and the one that called him first
-was not of his own choosing in point of order.</p>
-
-<p>The abridged address on "Lincoln as a Prohibitionist,"
-delivered by Major Merwin at the Lincoln Monument,
-at Springfield, Illinois, May 26, 1904, which he
-furnished for this book, is here given. It was printed
-in the <i>New Voice</i>, Chicago, June 16, 1904, to which I
-am indebted for a number of the foregoing items, some
-of which were marked by Major Merwin with a blue
-pencil.</p>
-
-<p>After a brief introduction by Mr. Alonzo Wilson,
-chairman of the State Prohibition Committee, Mr. Merwin,
-standing on one of the steps of the stairway of the
-monument, with a beautiful flag covering a part of the
-balustrade, said:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"We stand to-day in the heart of the continent, midway
-between the two oceans, within the shadow of the monument
-of the man who made more history—who made
-greater history than any other person, than all other persons
-who lived in the nineteenth century! A leader of the
-people, who was great in their greatness, who carried their
-burdens, who, with their help, achieved a name and a fame
-unparalleled in human history. He broke the shackles of
-four millions of slaves. He saved to the world this form
-of government, which gives to all our people the opportunity
-to walk, if they will, down the corridors of time,
-arm in arm with the great of all ages, sheltered and inspired
-by the flag which has become the symbol of hope
-and of freedom to all the world!</p>
-
-<p>"In God's good providence, I came to know him—here in
-his humble home in Springfield, in 1854, and before he had
-come to be the hero, beloved, glorified, known and loved
-by all who love liberty. It was in the autumn of 1854.
-I was a young man full of all the enthusiasm of those first
-Neal Dow triumphs in New England. Accepting the invitation
-of friends, I came to Illinois, where the campaign
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span>
-for State prohibition was getting under way. I reached
-Springfield, and one night had the privilege of speaking in
-the old State House, where, with legislators and townspeople,
-I found an appreciative audience.</p>
-
-<p>"After my address, there were calls of 'Lincoln! Lincoln!
-Lincoln!' and turning, I saw, perhaps, the most singular
-specimen of a human being rising slowly, and unfolding
-his long arms and his long legs, exactly like the blades of
-a jack-knife. His hair was uncombed, his coat sleeves were
-inches shorter than his shirt sleeves, his trousers did not
-reach to his socks. First I thought there was some plan
-to perpetrate a 'joke' on the meeting, but in one minute,
-after the first accents of the pathetic voice were heard, the
-crowd hushed to a stillness as profound as if Lincoln were
-the only person present, and then this simple, uncouth
-man gave to the hushed crowd such a definition of law, its
-design and mission, its object and power, such as few
-present had ever known or dreamed. Among the points
-he made were the following:</p>
-
-<p>"Mr. Lincoln asked, 'Is not the law of self-protection the
-first law of nature; the first primary law of civilized
-society?' 'Law,' he declared, 'is for the protection, conservation,
-and extension of right things, of right conduct;
-not for the protection of evil and wrong-doing.'</p>
-
-<p>"'The State must, in its legislative action, recognize in
-the law enacted this principle—it must make sure and
-secure these endeavors to establish, protect, and extend
-right conditions, right conduct, righteousness. These conditions
-will be secured and preserved, not by indifference,
-not by a toleration of evils, not by attempting to throw
-around any evil the shield of law; never by any attempt
-to license the evil.'</p>
-
-<p>"'This sentiment of right conduct for the protection of
-home, of state, of church, of individuals must be taken up
-and embodied in legislation, and thus become a positive
-factor, active in the state. This is the first and most
-important function in the legislation of the modern state.'
-Proceeding, Mr. Lincoln said: 'This saves the whole, and
-not a part, with a high, true conservatism through the
-united action of all, by all, for all. The prohibition of the
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span>
-liquor traffic, except for medical and mechanical purposes,
-thus becomes the new evangel for the safety and redemption
-of the people from the social, political, and moral
-curse of the saloon, and its inevitable evil consequences of
-drunkenness.'</p>
-
-<p>"Lincoln studied every moral and political issue in this
-light and from this standpoint, and, as a result of this
-practice, he studied the opposite side of every question in
-dispute, and hence he was never surprised by the seeming
-strength of his opponents, for he saw at once the moral
-and legal weakness of wrong and untenable positions
-assumed. This it is that throws a flood of light on his
-ready and unanswerable repartee by story and statement.
-In fact, we have seen, often, that after his statement of a
-proposition it needed no argument.</p>
-
-<p>"Honorable Elihu B. Washburn, Lincoln's closest friend,
-wrote before he died that 'when the whole truth is disclosed
-of Mr. Lincoln's life during the years of 1854-55, it
-will throw a flood of new light on the character of Mr.
-Lincoln, and will add new luster to his greatness and his
-patriotism.'</p>
-
-<p>"Mr. Lincoln had, as is well known, made up his mind
-to retire from the political arena. He was annoyed, yea,
-more, he was disgusted with the low plane on which the
-politicians, mere politicians, not statesmen, were trying to
-conduct the affairs of the nation.</p>
-
-<p>"Mr. Lincoln was feeling his way up and out of the
-gloom, despondency, and melancholy which had to so great
-an extent affected his life. There came to him a new light,
-a new revelation of destiny in those still creative, or rather
-recreative days, and it is this phase of things to which Mr.
-Washburn refers in the above lines.</p>
-
-<p>"It is a well-known fact that Mr. Lincoln hesitated to
-show his strength of conscience, as he did his wealth of
-goodness, lest it be counted as ostentation. He said often
-in 1854-55, 'The saloon and the liquor traffic have defenders—but
-no defense!' With him men were neither great
-nor small—they were right or wrong. He knew no fear
-except the fear of doing wrong. His expressions and conduct
-on this question of the prohibition of the liquor traffic
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span>and
-the saloon were so firmly anchored on his profound
-convictions of right and wrong that they were immutable.</p>
-
-<p>"In that memorable canvass, Mr. Lincoln and myself
-spoke in Jacksonville, in Bloomington, in Decatur, in Danville,
-in Carlinville, in Peoria, and at many other points.</p>
-
-<p>"The gist of Mr. Lincoln's argument was contained in
-this fearless declaration:</p>
-
-<p>"'This legalized liquor traffic, as carried on in the saloons
-and grogshops, is the tragedy of civilization. Good citizenship
-demands and requires that what is right should not
-only be made known, but be made prevalent; that what is
-evil should not only be detected and defeated, but destroyed.
-The saloon has proved itself to be the greatest foe, the
-most blighting curse of our modern civilization, and this
-is why I am a practical prohibitionist.</p>
-
-<p>"'We must not be satisfied until the public sentiment
-of this State, and the individual conscience shall be instructed
-to look upon the saloon-keeper and the liquor-seller,
-with all the license each can give him, as simply
-and only a privileged malefactor—a criminal.'</p>
-
-<p>"Mr. Lincoln used, in advocating the entire prohibition
-of the liquor traffic, nearly the same language, and in many
-instances the same illustrations that he used later on in
-his arguments against slavery. At another place he said:</p>
-
-<p>"'The real issue in this controversy, the one pressing
-upon every mind that gives the subject careful consideration,
-is that legalizing the manufacture, sale, and use of
-intoxicating liquors as a beverage is a wrong—as all history
-and every development of the traffic proves it to be—a
-moral, social, and political wrong.'</p>
-
-<p>"It should be stated distinctly, squarely, and fairly, and
-repeated often, that Mr. Lincoln was a practical total abstinence
-man; wrote for it, worked for it, taught it, both by
-precept and by example; and when, from a long and varied
-experience, he found that the greed and selfishness of the
-liquor-dealers and the saloon-keepers overleaped and disregarded
-all barriers and every other restraint, and taught
-by the lessons of experience that nothing short of the
-entire prohibition of the traffic and the saloon would settle
-the question, he became an earnest, unflinching prohibitionist.</p>
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span>
-<p>"It has been said by those most competent to judge, that
-Mr. Lincoln surpassed all orators in eloquence, all diplomats
-in wisdom, all statesmen in foresight, and this makes
-him and his name a power not to be resisted as a political
-prohibitionist.</p>
-
-<p>"We do not say much about it, for it is not necessary,
-but there were times and occasions when Mr. Lincoln came
-to be, in his administration, greater than law—when his
-wisdom was greater than the combined wisdom of all the
-people. The people, the law-makers had never comprehended
-the conditions and the situation that confronted
-him. He was as great as necessity, and our safety lay in
-the fact that he was as just as he was great, and as wise
-as he was just. Great in law, but greater in necessity.</p>
-
-<p>"God be praised for the great gifts he showered upon
-him; God be praised for the generous use he made of
-them. In the radiance of God's light and in the sunshine
-of his love from out the gates of pearl which were swung
-inward to his entrance by those who waited to welcome him
-thither, there opened to him that vast and bright eternity,
-vivid with God's love. We could wish for a moment the
-veil might be parted and we, too, could have vision that
-such labor shall be crowned with immortal rest. Hail,
-brother, and farewell."</p></div>
-
-<p>In a letter to me, of late date, Major Merwin writes:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"None of us can get too many views of the good and
-great Lincoln, and the world grows better for all we
-know, or can learn of him.... I spoke in New Haven
-last Sunday evening in one of the largest churches in the
-old college town. The house was packed with Yale students
-and others. The subject was, 'Lincoln, the Christian
-Statesman,' emphasizing the religious phase of the man,
-much to the surprise of many present. This was the real
-source of his strength. He was larger than any or all so-called
-'denominations,' and yet a multitude find both comfort
-and strength in these various divisions, and Lincoln's
-heart was glad it was so."</p></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>It should have been stated, in connection with Mr.
-Merwin's temperance record in the army, that General
-Winfield Scott, after hearing several addresses made by
-Mr. Merwin from President Lincoln's carriage, to the
-regiments gathering in Washington, said to the President,
-"A man of such force and moral power to inspire
-courage, patriotism, faith, and obedience among the
-troops is worth more than a half-dozen regiments of raw
-recruits."</p>
-
-<p>As before stated, Mr. Merwin is now in his eightieth
-year, and resides at Middlefield, Connecticut. In his
-last letter to me, dated January 14, 1909, referring to
-the above paragraph, he says, "I am not now equal to
-6,000 men, but am able to tell the story of the plain,
-great man, whose name is now, and ever will be a glory
-on the nation's brow."</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter"><a name="i_064a.jpg" id="i_064a.jpg"></a>
-  <img src="images/i_064a.jpg" width="600" height="303"
-        alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">THE LINCOLN-BROONER GUN,</div>
-  <div class="chapsum"><i>Owned jointly by Abraham Lincoln and Henry Brooner in Indiana.
-    Now owned by John E. Burton, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.</i></div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="p2">
-<div class="figcenter"><a name="i_064b.jpg" id="i_064b.jpg"></a>
-  <img src="images/i_064b.jpg" width="477" height="600"
-        alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">RUTH JENNINGS HUFF,</div>
-  <div class="chapsum"><i>Daughter of Josiah Crawford, for whom
-    Lincoln often labored as hired hand in Indiana.</i></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="p2">
-<div class="figcenter"><a name="i_065.jpg" id="i_065.jpg"></a>
-  <img src="images/i_065.jpg" width="427" height="600"
-        alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">DAVID TURNHAM AND WIFE.</div>
-  <div class="chapsum"><i>Mr. Turnham, as Constable, loaned Lincoln the Revised Statutes of
-    Indiana, the first law-book he ever studied.</i></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_IX" id="CHAPTER_IX"></a>CHAPTER IX.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">Lincoln and the Slavery Question</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">An Ancient Institution—The Evils of Slavery—Lincoln Always
-Opposed to Slavery—Relic of "Cruel Slavery Days"—Discussions,
-Laws, and Compromises—The Missouri Compromise—The
-Fugitive Slave Law—The Kansas-Nebraska Bill—Lincoln
-Aroused—He Answers Douglas—R. L. McCord Names Lincoln
-His Candidate for President—A New Political Party—"Bleeding
-Kansas"—The Dred Scott Decision—"The Underground
-Railroad"—The John Brown Raid—The Approaching Crisis.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">It</span> may be wondered what future generations will
-think when they read the history of our country and
-learn that within the memory of many of those who
-now live this Government tolerated and protected that
-"sum of all villainies"—human slavery. Slavery arose
-at an early period in the world's history out of the accident
-of capture in war. As an institution it has existed
-in many countries for ages. Unfortunately, in the first
-settling of the United States, slavery was tolerated, and
-allowed to spread as the country developed. This was
-especially true of the Southern States.</p>
-
-<p>The many attendant evils of slavery cannot here be
-mentioned. Slaves were largely kept in ignorance. In
-some States it was considered a crime, with heavy penalties,
-for any white person to teach a colored person to
-read or write.</p>
-
-<p>The traffic in human beings, as it then existed, is
-awful to think of. Husbands and wives, parents and
-children, brothers and sisters were often sold and separated
-never to meet again. When the master died, his
-negroes were sold to the highest bidder, just like other
-property.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Abraham Lincoln was always opposed to slavery.
-When a young man he witnessed the cruelties of a slave
-market in New Orleans, where men, women, and children
-were sold like brutes. He then and there said, "If
-I ever have a chance to hit that institution, I will hit it
-hard." In 1837, when he was only twenty-eight years
-old, he heard a sermon preached by a noted minister, in
-Illinois, on the interpretation of prophecy in its relation
-to the breaking down of civil and religious tyranny.
-The sermon greatly impressed Mr. Lincoln, and he at
-that time said to a friend, "Odd as it may seem, when
-he described those changes and revolutions, I was deeply
-impressed that I would be somehow strangely mixed up
-with them."</p>
-
-<p>Many slaveholders were otherwise good people, and
-their slaves were well treated. Ministers of the gospel
-and church-members held slaves. Some of the author's
-maternal relatives were slaveholders. He remembers,
-when a small boy, during "cruel slavery days," hearing
-his grandfather relate a conversation he had with a slave
-while on a late visit to his slaveholding brothers in
-Kentucky. The slave, a young man, was entering some
-complaint against slavery. Grandfather asked him, "Is
-your master kind to you?" "Yes, sir," answered the
-slave. "Do you have plenty to eat and wear?" "Oh,
-yes, sir." "Then why are you not satisfied?" "Oh, Mr.
-Todd, freedom, freedom."</p>
-
-<p>I have a letter, dated June 2, 1861, written to my
-grandfather by one of his Kentucky brothers. I remember
-seeing this great uncle in 1865, when he was visiting
-in Indiana. He had administered on a brother's estate.
-The letter contains the following: "You wrote to know
-what I had done with the negroes. I sold them last
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>
-March, one year ago. William Hocker bought Dicey
-and her youngest boy for $1,100. Franklin Todd, the
-son of brother Peter, bought the oldest boy for $700. I
-bought the second boy, the one born when you were here,
-for $535." My great-uncle says, in the same letter,
-that, on account of governmental affairs, "property" is
-not bringing its full value.</p>
-
-<p>The people of the North were generally opposed to
-slavery, and great bitterness of feeling was engendered
-between the Northern and Southern States. Among
-the great leaders in the anti-slavery movement were
-William Lloyd Garrison, Gerrit Smith, Wendell Phillips,
-John G. Whittier, Joshua R. Giddings, William
-H. Seward, and Charles Sumner. The institution of
-slavery had become a great power, and had interwoven
-itself into the social, moral, religious, and political
-fabrics of the country.</p>
-
-<p>Whenever a territory sought admission into the
-Union as a State, a great controversy arose as to whether
-it should be admitted as a free or a slave State. The
-halls of Congress resounded with the eloquence of great
-statesmen on both sides of the question, because "there
-were giants in those days." A good portion of the time
-of Congress was taken in discussing some phase of the
-slavery question. Bad temper was often exhibited, and
-great interests were at stake. On some occasions Henry
-Clay would propose a compromise, which being accepted,
-would have a tendency to lull the storm which, sooner
-or later, was to burst forth in all its fury. Anti-slavery,
-abolition, and various organizations were formed.</p>
-
-<p>In the North various opinions existed on the subject
-of slavery. Some were opposed to its extension, but did
-not wish to interfere with it where it already existed.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>
-Others were more ultra, chief of whom was William
-Lloyd Garrison, whose motto was to destroy slavery or
-destroy the Union. He finally came to the conclusion
-that the Constitution of the United States favored slavery,
-and declared it to be "a covenant with death and
-an agreement with hell."</p>
-
-<p>In 1820 the territory of Missouri sought admission
-into the Union. The question as to whether it should
-be admitted as a free or a slave State was so warmly
-and violently discussed in Congress that many were
-alarmed lest it would lead to the dissolution of the
-Union. The territory was finally admitted as a slave
-State, but on the express condition that slavery would
-forever be excluded from all that part of the territory
-of the United States lying north of 36 degrees and 30
-minutes. This provision was known as "the Missouri
-Compromise."</p>
-
-<p>In 1850 the "Fugitive Slave Law" was passed by
-Congress, which was, in part, to the effect that it was a
-penal offense to render any accommodations, assistance,
-or show any favors whatever to runaway slaves; also
-that officers were empowered to compel citizens, in the
-North as well as in the South, to assist in the capture
-of such slaves.</p>
-
-<p>As the Missouri Compromise forever excluded slavery
-from the northwestern territories, the "forever" terminated
-when Congress, in May, 1854, passed the celebrated
-Kansas-Nebraska Bill, introduced by Stephen A.
-Douglas, the Democratic Senator from Illinois. Its
-main provision was that each territory seeking admission
-into the Union might decide by vote of its inhabitants
-whether it should be admitted as a free or a slave
-State. This virtually repealed the Missouri Compromise,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span>
-which Douglas had declared "to be sacred," and
-a law which "no human hand should destroy." This
-act was considered such a flagrant violation of a trust,
-breaking down all legal barriers to the possible spread
-of slavery, that it aroused great indignation throughout
-the North.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Lincoln, just prior to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska
-Bill, as already stated by Mr. Merwin in the
-last chapter, had become inactive in politics, and had
-given himself more fully to the practice of law. In
-furnishing a short biography of himself for a friend, in
-1859, he said, "I was losing interest in politics when
-the repeal of the Missouri Compromise aroused me
-again." He now saw the great danger of slavery enlarging
-its territory indefinitely, and was alarmed at the
-serious nature of the situation.</p>
-
-<p>When Mr. Douglas discovered the unpopularity of his
-famous bill, he hastened to Springfield and other places
-in Illinois, to explain matters. On the 4th of October,
-1854, he spoke in the State House at the time of the
-State Fair. It was expected that Lyman Trumbull, a
-noted Whig politician of Illinois, would reply, but he
-did not appear. Seeing the coast clear, Mr. Douglas
-spread himself, and made a great speech. He was small
-in stature and somewhat bombastic in his style of delivery.
-He was popularly known among his friends as the
-"Little Giant." Mr. Lincoln had been urged to reply
-to Mr. Douglas, and, after some persuasion, consented
-to do so. That day he made his first great political
-speech. It is stated that "all the smothered fires of his
-broody days and nights and years burst forth in a power
-and with an eloquence which even those who knew him
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span>
-best had not so much as hoped for." Among other
-things, he said:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"My distinguished friend, Douglas, says it is an insult
-to the emigrants to Kansas and Nebraska to suppose that
-they are not able to govern themselves. We must not slur
-over an argument of this kind because it happens to tickle
-the ear. It must be met and answered. I admit that the
-emigrant to Kansas and Nebraska is competent to govern
-himself, <i>but I deny his right to govern any other person
-without that person's consent</i>."</p></div>
-
-<p>I now introduce to my readers one who heard Mr.
-Douglas and Mr. Lincoln on that occasion, fifty-four
-years ago. It is Rev. R. L. McCord, now in his seventy-ninth
-year. He is an intelligent and highly-respected
-citizen of Lake City, Iowa, and one of my most valued
-parishioners. I shall let Mr. McCord speak for himself:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"I was then twenty-four years of age, and in my second
-year as a student in the Illinois Congregational College at
-Jacksonville, thirty miles west of Springfield. Some of
-my college mates and I heard Mr. Douglas and Mr. Lincoln
-speak in the State House, in the fall of 1854. The people
-were wearied with the lengthy speech of Judge Douglas.
-When Mr. Lincoln began his reply, for about fifteen minutes
-he kept the audience in an uproar of laughter and
-applause. Then he waded into the subject of 'free speech,
-free soil, and free men,' much to the confusion of the man
-who 'didn't care whether slavery was voted up or down.'
-During Mr. Lincoln's reply, Judge Douglas several times
-interrupted him, saying he was misrepresented. Mr. Lincoln,
-in his good nature, allowed him to explain a number
-of times. At one point he was very much worked up, and,
-pointing his finger at Mr. Lincoln, vehemently demanded a
-chance to explain. In a very excited manner, Judge Douglas
-tried to set himself right, using about fifteen minutes
-of Mr. Lincoln's time. After he was through, Mr. Lincoln
-spread his mouth, and, with a broad smile, said, 'I believe
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span>
-the "Little Giant" is somewhat agitated,' and, without
-further attention to the judge, proceeded with his speech.
-I was so impressed with Mr. Lincoln's speech that on
-leaving the State House, I said to my college mates, 'Lincoln
-is my candidate for President at the next election.'
-This was six years before Mr. Lincoln was nominated at
-Chicago. The next evening, with my college mates, we
-called upon Mr. Lincoln at his home and complimented
-him for his great speech. He received us kindly, shook
-hands with us, and thanked us for our call. This was my
-first meeting with Mr. Lincoln, but I met him and heard
-him speak a number of times afterward."</p></div>
-
-<p>This speech of Mr. Lincoln's was a noted one, and
-nearly all his biographers mention it, but it has not
-been left on record, except in small extracts. Mr.
-McCord's statement, made for this book, is interesting,
-and all will be glad to see the picture of his friendly
-and intellectual face as it now appears.</p>
-
-<p>The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill and its
-effects was the means of the destruction of the Whig
-party, to which Mr. Lincoln belonged, the disruption of
-other party lines, and the organization of a new party
-with Abraham Lincoln as its acknowledged leader, which
-in a few years was to decide the destinies of the United
-States Government. It also had the effect of bringing
-about a state of civil war in Kansas. Thousands of
-pro- and anti-slavery people flocked to Kansas to help decide
-the destiny of that territory. Illegal votes, bogus legislatures,
-mobs, murders, incendiary acts, and general
-lawlessness were some of the fruits of Mr. Douglas'
-famous bill for popular sovereignty, better known as
-"squatter sovereignty."</p>
-
-<p>In 1857, Chief-Justice Taney of the United States
-Supreme Court, with a majority of his associates, decided
-on a test case, known as the "Dred Scott Case,"
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span>
-that when the Constitution of the United States was
-formed and adopted, a negro slave was not a person, but
-simply a piece of property,—a thing,—and that his
-master could lawfully take his slaves anywhere he
-pleased, just as he could his horses and his cattle.</p>
-
-<p>The Kansas-Nebraska Bill, the Fugitive Slave Law,
-and the Dred Scott Decision greatly aroused the North.
-Some declared that the latter two laws should not be
-carried out. This increased the hostility of the South.
-Many persons in the North assisted in what was called
-the "underground railroad"—secretly assisting slaves
-on their way to Canada for freedom.</p>
-
-<p>When a small boy, just beginning to read, I remember
-seeing at my Grandfather Todd's, in southern Indiana,
-copies of the Louisville <i>Journal</i> (now the <i>Courier-Journal</i>)
-with whole columns of short advertisements,
-offering rewards for runaway slaves. Such advertisements
-could easily be recognized at a glance, for each
-one had a small picture of a slave with a carpet-sack on
-his back making long strides for liberty.</p>
-
-<p>The leading opponents of slavery were bitterly hated
-and persecuted. William Lloyd Garrison was mobbed
-in the city of Boston, and it was with great difficulty
-that his life was saved. Elijah P. Lovejoy, who published
-an anti-slavery paper at Alton, Illinois, was shot
-down by a mob while defending his property and pleading
-for free speech. Charles Sumner, because of a
-speech he made, was brutally assaulted while sitting in
-his chair in the United States Senate, and was so beaten
-that he was compelled to give up his seat in Congress
-for four years.</p>
-
-<p>It was well known that neither moral suasion nor the
-ordinary political methods would ever do away with
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span>
-the curse of slavery. The people of the North debated,
-prayed, preached, and voted against slavery, while the
-people of the South were equally zealous in defending
-slavery, contending it was a divine institution.</p>
-
-<p>While matters were in such an unsettled condition a
-great explosion occurred in the fall of 1859 which
-startled the entire nation. John Brown, who had rendered
-valuable service in keeping slavery out of Kansas,
-with an armed force of seventeen men, made a raid
-upon Harper's Ferry, Virginia, captured the United
-States arsenal, and for some time held the United States
-army at bay before he was captured. He had planned
-for a general insurrection among the slaves, believing
-that their emancipation depended largely upon themselves.
-Brown's plans were forced before he was ready.
-It was a rash act, and was not approved by the North,
-but strongly condemned. Brown and others who survived
-the conflict were executed for inciting an insurrection,
-murder, and treason. Brown was a brave and
-sincere man, but fanatical. As the explosion of the
-<i>Maine</i> hastened the Spanish-American War, so the
-John Brown raid was an important link in the chain of
-events to hasten the downfall of slavery. Seward's
-"irrepressible conflict" was at hand, and his "higher
-law" was soon to prevail.</p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p>
-
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_X" id="CHAPTER_X"></a>CHAPTER X.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">The Lincoln and Douglas Debates</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum">Candidates for the United States Senate—Seven Joint Debates—The
-Paramount Issue—The "Divided House"—"Acts of a
-Drama"—Douglas Charged Lincoln with Selling Whisky—Lincoln's
-Denial—A Discovery—Site of the Old Still House in
-Indiana—Douglas Elected—Lincoln, the Champion of Human
-Liberty.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">In</span> 1858, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas
-were candidates for the United States Senate from Illinois.
-Mr. Douglas, who was a Democrat, had already
-served as Senator, and was a candidate for reëlection.
-Mr. Lincoln was the Republican nominee. Both had
-had considerable experience in politics. Arrangements
-were made between them to jointly discuss the political
-issues at seven different places, namely, Ottawa, August
-21; Freeport, August 27; Jonesboro, September 15;
-Charlestown, September 18; Galesburg, October 7;
-Quincy, October 13, and Alton, October 15.</p>
-
-<p>These were the most noted public debates in American
-history. The slavery question, with its various side
-issues, was the chief topic of discussion. These debates
-were listened to by immense concourses of people, and
-excited the interest of the whole country. Mr. Lincoln
-assumed that slavery was wrong, and opposed the extension
-of it, while Mr. Douglas, without considering the
-moral phase of the question, was in favor of leaving to
-the vote of the inhabitants of a territory whether it
-should become a State with or without slavery.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Lincoln's "divided house" argument, first used
-at Springfield, in June, when he was nominated for
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span>
-Senator, was one of the strongest applications of scripture
-ever given. He said:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"We are now far into the fifth year since a policy was
-initiated with the avowed object, and confident promise,
-of putting an end to slavery agitation. Under the operation
-of that policy, that agitation has not only not ceased,
-but has constantly augmented. In my opinion it will not
-cease until a crisis shall have been reached and passed.
-'A house divided against itself cannot stand.' I believe this
-Government cannot endure permanently half slave and
-half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved—I do
-not expect the house to fall—but I do expect it will cease
-to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the
-other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the
-further spread of it, and place it where the public mind
-shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate
-extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it
-shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as
-new—North as well as South."</p></div>
-
-<p>In the course of the debates, Mr. Lincoln said of
-slavery:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"The real issue in this controversy—the one pressing
-upon every mind—is the sentiment on the part of one class
-that looks upon the institution of slavery as a wrong, and
-of another class that does not look upon it as a wrong....
-Because we think it wrong, we propose a course of
-policy that shall deal with it as a wrong. We deal with it
-as any other wrong, in so far as we can prevent it from
-growing any larger, and so deal with it that in the run of
-time there may be some promise of an end to it."</p></div>
-
-<p>Because of the great principles involved, and the
-wide notoriety of these debates, Mr. Lincoln said, at
-Quincy:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"I was aware, when it was first agreed that Judge Douglas
-and I were to have these seven joint discussions, that
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span>
-they were the successive acts of a drama—perhaps I should
-say, to be enacted, not merely in the face of audiences like
-this, but in the face of the nation, and, to some extent, by
-my relation to him, and not from anything in myself, in
-the face of the world; and I am anxious that they should
-be conducted with dignity and in good temper, which would
-be befitting the vast audiences before which it was conducted."</p></div>
-
-<p>In the first debate, at Ottawa, Mr. Douglas said, in
-reference to the early career of himself and Mr. Lincoln
-in Illinois:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"I have known him for nearly twenty-five years. There
-were many points of sympathy between us when we first
-got acquainted. We were both comparatively boys, and
-both struggling with poverty in a strange land. I was a
-school teacher in the town of Winchester, and he a flourishing
-grocery-keeper in the town of Salem."</p></div>
-
-<p>It has been stated, in Chapter VII., that in those
-days to be a "grocery-keeper" implied the selling of
-whisky. In his reply, Mr. Lincoln, using the third person,
-said:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"The judge is woefully at fault about his early friend
-Lincoln being a 'grocery-keeper.' I don't know as it would
-be a great sin if I had been; but he is mistaken. Lincoln
-never kept a grocery anywhere in the world. It is true
-that Lincoln did work the latter part of one winter in a
-little still-house up at the head of a hollow."</p></div>
-
-<p>Here Lincoln plainly denies ever keeping a grocery,
-but the query arises, Where did he "work the latter part
-of one winter in a little still-house, up at the head of a
-hollow"? In all the numerous Lincoln biographies I
-have ever examined I have never seen any reference to
-its location. But I have located the place.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Reference has been made to Henry Brooner, one of
-Lincoln's early associates in Indiana. At the time of
-giving the other items, more than twenty years ago,
-already mentioned, "Uncle Henry" made this statement,
-written at the time, the original still preserved:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"When I was about twenty-five years old [1829], Abraham
-Lincoln came to my house, where I now live, and left
-an article of agreement for me to keep. At that time, one
-mile north of here, there was a distillery owned by John
-Dutton. He employed John Johnston, Lincoln's step-brother,
-to run it that winter, and Lincoln left the article
-of agreement between the parties for me to keep."</p></div>
-
-<p>"Oh, Uncle Henry," said I, "find that paper, and I
-will give you ten dollars for it." He said his house
-burned afterward, and all his papers were destroyed.
-He afterward built a brick house near the same foundation.</p>
-
-<p>When "Uncle Henry" gave me this item, I had not
-read the celebrated Lincoln and Douglas debates, and,
-therefore, knew nothing of Lincoln's statement that he
-had worked at a still-house. When I read the debates,
-fifteen years later, and saw Lincoln's reference to his
-having "worked the latter part of one winter at a little
-still-house, up at the head of a hollow," I was at once
-struck with what "Uncle Henry" had told me. This
-certainly decides the fact that Lincoln had reference to
-the time when he worked at the Dutton distillery, when
-his step-brother, John Johnston, run it the winter
-before the Lincolns left for Illinois, in 1830.</p>
-
-<p>John Kemp, my old friend and a highly-respected
-citizen, now sixty-three years old, who was born and
-reared on a farm adjoining Henry Brooner, told me in
-July, 1903, in Washington, Indiana, that north of the
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span>
-old Brooner farm there is an old farm still known as
-the "Dutton farm," and that he remembered seeing,
-often, when a small boy, near a spring, an old, dilapidated
-building called the "old still-house." He had
-never heard of John Johnston or of Abraham Lincoln
-working there, for that was before he was born. "Uncle
-Henry" had been dead thirteen years, but I had the
-record of the statement he made to me.</p>
-
-<p>On a bright afternoon, September 7, 1903, Mr. Kemp
-took me in his buggy to see the place. The farm was
-then owned by John and Harmon Steineker, and is on
-the old Fredonia and Princeton highway, four miles
-southwest of Huntingburg, Dubois County, Indiana.
-Here is the "Dutton farm," and here is a spring in the
-barn lot. Just across the road, to the right, is where
-the old "still-house" stood, and there is the "hollow"
-running down through the forest. As I viewed the
-scene, I felt something within me akin to what old
-Archimedes felt when he discovered the solution to
-an important mathematical problem, and exclaimed,
-"Eureka! Eureka!" ("I have found it! I have found
-it!").</p>
-
-<p>In the joint debates between Mr. Lincoln and Mr.
-Douglas, the latter carried the most popular applause,
-but the former made the deeper and more lasting
-impressions. Douglas was greeted with the loudest
-cheers, but when Lincoln closed, the people seemed sober
-and serious. As a result of the canvass, Mr. Lincoln
-had a majority of four thousand of the popular vote of
-the State, but it is stated that the legislative districts
-were so construed that Douglas received a majority of
-the ballots in the legislature, and was, therefore, returned
-to the United States Senate. The debates
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span>
-brought Mr. Lincoln to the front as an able and eloquent
-champion of human liberty and prepared the way
-for his nomination and election to the presidency of the
-United States.</p>
-
-<div class="figcontainer">
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_080a.jpg" id="i_080a.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_080a.jpg" width="453" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">WILLIAM D. ARMSTRONG,</div>
-	<div class="chapsum"><i>Of the Armstrong Case. Defended by
-      Lincoln in 1858. This picture was
-      taken late in life, as an every-day farmer.</i></div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_080b.jpg" id="i_080b.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_080b.jpg" width="457" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">HANNAH ARMSTRONG,</div>
-	<div class="chapsum"><i>Wife of Jack Armstrong, and mother
-      of "Duff," whom Lincoln defended.</i></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-<div class="figcontainer">
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_081a.jpg" id="i_081a.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_081a.jpg" width="448" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">HONORABLE WILLIAM WALKER.</div>
-	<div class="chapsum"></div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_081b.jpg" id="i_081b.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_081b.jpg" width="446" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">HONORABLE LYMAN LACEY, SR.</div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="chapsum1"><i>These lawyers were associated with Mr. Lincoln in the
-	celebrated Armstrong Case. Mr. Lacey is still living at Havana, Illinois.
-	Mr. Walker died several years ago.</i></div>
-</div>
-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span></p>
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_XI" id="CHAPTER_XI"></a>CHAPTER XI.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">Lincoln Nominated and Elected President</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">Rival Candidates—Great Enthusiasm—Lincoln's Temperance Principles
-Exemplified—Other Nominations—A Great Campaign—Lincoln's
-Letter to David Turnham—Lincoln's Election—Secession—Lincoln
-Inaugurated—Douglas.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">Abraham Lincoln</span> was nominated as the Republican
-candidate for President of the United States, at Chicago,
-Illinois, May 18, 1860. Salmon P. Chase, William
-H. Seward, Simon Cameron, William L. Dayton, and
-Edward Bates were the opposing candidates for the
-nomination. Mr. Lincoln was nominated on the third
-ballot. The nomination was afterward made unanimous.
-The nomination was made amid great applause.
-It has been said that the scene baffled all human description.
-Mr. Lincoln was the second Republican candidate
-for the Presidency, General John C. Fremont being the
-first, who was nominated in 1856.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Lincoln was at his home in Springfield, Illinois,
-when he was nominated. His strong temperance principles
-were again exemplified when the committee formally
-notified him of his nomination. Some of his
-Springfield friends, knowing that he did not keep or
-use liquors, thought he would have nothing of the kind
-on hands to refresh the committee, and offered to furnish
-what was needed. Mr. Lincoln thanked them for
-their offer, and said, "Gentlemen, I cannot allow you
-to do what I will not do myself."</p>
-
-<p>After the committee had notified him of his nomination,
-and he had responded, accepting the nomination,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span>
-he said that, as an appropriate conclusion to an interview
-so important and interesting as that which had
-transpired, he supposed good manners would require
-that he should treat the committee with something to
-drink. Soon a servant entered bearing a large waiter
-containing several glasses, and a large pitcher in the
-midst, and placed it on the center-table. Mr. Lincoln
-arose and, gravely addressing the company, said: "Gentlemen,
-we must pledge our mutual healths in the most
-healthy beverage which God has given to man. It is
-the only beverage I have ever used or allowed in my
-family, and I cannot conscientiously depart from it on
-the present occasion—it is pure Adam's ale from the
-spring." And, taking a glass, he touched it to his lips,
-and pledged them his highest respects in a cup of cold
-water.</p>
-
-<p>The Democratic party was divided. The Northern
-Democrats nominated Stephen A. Douglas, Lincoln's
-old political rival. The Southern Democrats nominated
-John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky. A third party,
-called the "Union party," nominated John Bell, of
-Tennessee. The campaign that followed was a remarkable
-one. "The magic words, 'Old Abe' and 'Honest
-Old Abe,' were on thousands of banners."</p>
-
-<p>During the campaign, Mr. Lincoln wrote a letter to
-his old friend, David Turnham, the constable of Spencer
-County, Indiana, from whom he borrowed the "Revised
-Statutes of Indiana," mentioned in Chapter III. This
-letter is now given to the general public for the first
-time:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<div class="ar">
-"<span class="sc">Springfield, Ills.</span>, Oct. 23, 1860.</div>
-<div>"<i>David Turnham</i>, <i>Esq.</i>,</div>
-
-<p>"<span class="sc">My dear old Friend</span>: Your kind letter of the 17th is
-received. I am indeed very glad to hear you are still living
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span>
-and well. I well remember when you and I last met,
-after a separation of fourteen years, at the Cross Road
-voting place, in the fall of 1844. It is now sixteen years
-more, and we are both no longer young men.</p>
-
-<p>"I suppose you are a grandfather, and I, though married
-much later in life, have a son nearly grown.</p>
-
-<p>"I would much like to visit the old home, and old friends
-of my boyhood, but I fear the chance of doing so soon is
-not very good.</p>
-
-<div class="indent-20">
-"Your friend and sincere well-wisher,</div>
-<div class="ar">"<span class="sc">A. Lincoln</span>."</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>The election was held on the sixth of November, 1860,
-and the result showed a popular vote for Lincoln of
-1,857,600; for Douglas, 1,365,976; for Breckenridge,
-847,953, and for Bell, 590,631. In the electoral college,
-Lincoln received 180 votes, Breckenridge, 72, Bell 39,
-and Douglas 12.</p>
-
-<p>Because of an election of a Northern man for President,
-and fearing their "peculiar institution" was in
-danger, the Southern States began the organization of
-the Southern Confederacy, and when Mr. Lincoln was
-inaugurated, March 4, 1861, seven Southern States had
-passed ordinances of secession, followed later by four
-other States. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, was
-chosen President of the Southern Confederacy.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Lincoln's inaugural address was noted for its
-sentiments of good will and forbearance, yet he strongly
-indicated his purpose to maintain the Union. He stated
-that he had no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere
-with slavery where it then existed, and that the
-people of the South could have no war unless they
-became the aggressors.</p>
-
-<p>Stephen A. Douglas, Mr. Lincoln's old political rival,
-and who was also a presidential candidate at the time
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span>
-of Mr. Lincoln's election, held Mr. Lincoln's hat while
-he read his inaugural address, and stated to those near
-him, "If I can't be President, I can hold his hat."
-James Parton, the historian, said of Mr. Douglas: "On
-the breaking out of the Rebellion, in 1861, Stephen A.
-Douglas gave his hand to President Lincoln and
-engaged to stand by him in his efforts to save the country.
-But his days were numbered. During his
-herculean labors of the previous year he had sustained
-himself by deep draughts of whisky; and his constitution
-gave way at the very time when a new and nobler
-career opened up before him." He died in Chicago,
-June 3, 1861, at the age of forty-eight years, and only
-three months after Mr. Lincoln's inauguration.</p>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span></p>
-
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_XII" id="CHAPTER_XII"></a>CHAPTER XII.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">President Lincoln and the Civil War</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">The Beginning—Personal Recollections—The War Spirit—Progress
-of the War—The Emancipation Proclamation—A Fight to
-Finish—Lincoln's Kindness—He Relieves a Young Soldier—He
-Names Triplets Who Are Still Living—His Reëlection—The
-Fall of Richmond—Appomatox—Close of the Rebellion.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">On</span> the 12th of April, 1861, after Mr. Lincoln was
-inaugurated, the first outbreak of the Civil War was
-the bombardment of Fort Sumter on the part of the
-South. President Lincoln at once called for volunteers
-to suppress the rebellion.</p>
-
-<p>Although but a small boy at the time, I remember
-when the war began. It was the greatest civil war in
-human history, and will always be associated with
-Abraham Lincoln. I remember the excitement it produced
-where I resided in southern Indiana and throughout
-the whole country. I recall the floating flag, the
-mournful sound of the drum, and the plaintive music
-of the fife when volunteers were enlisting for the defense
-of the nation. The neighbors talked war, the newspapers
-were filled with war news. The war spirit entered
-into the plays of the children. Elder fifes, old tin wash-boilers
-for drums, wooden guns and bayonets, and
-rudely-constructed flags were much in evidence in the
-mimic drilling and marching. How patriotically the
-little boys sang, as did some of their sires in the sunny
-South:</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-  <div class="poetry">
-      <div class="verse">"The Union forever, hurrah! boys, hurrah!</div>
-      <div class="verse">Down with the traitor, up with the stars,</div>
-      <div class="verse">While we rally round the flag, boys, rally once again,</div>
-      <div class="verse">Shouting the battle-cry of freedom!"</div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p>
-<p>How the schoolboys played war in the autumn! The
-forts were made of old fence rails and logs, and how
-they were bombarded with cannon-balls of green walnuts,
-and how the "rebels" were routed and some captured!
-In the winter-time how the snow-balls would
-fly as the two armies stood in battle array!</p>
-
-<p>What a sad day it was when the news came that our
-"circuit rider," a young minister, who had so often been
-in our home, and who had enlisted, was killed at Vicksburg,
-Mississippi, in May, 1863.</p>
-
-<p>Early in 1865, I saw my name in print for the first
-time by writing a letter for publication in the <i>Children's
-Friend</i>, published at Dayton, Ohio, in which I made the
-statement, "I am a Union boy fourteen years old, and
-wish the war was over."</p>
-
-<p>After the war had continued a year and a half, with
-victories and defeats on both sides, the President, on
-the 22d of September, 1862, issued the provisional
-Emancipation Proclamation, which was to the effect
-that the South would be given from that time up to the
-first of January, 1863, to lay down their arms, keep
-their slaves, and find their proper places in the Union,
-otherwise a proclamation would be issued to set at liberty
-their slaves. The South did not accept the overtures
-of President Lincoln, and the Emancipation
-Proclamation was issued. It was issued as a war measure,
-upon military necessity, and on the condition that
-the traitor forfeits his property. After this the war,
-upon the part of the North, was not only to suppress
-the rebellion, but for the purpose of abolishing slavery,
-and the South fought not only to preserve the Confederacy,
-but for the institution of slavery itself. It was
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span>
-now a fight to finish upon both sides, and to settle great
-principles and interests.</p>
-
-<p>Those were times that tried men's souls, but none
-were so tried as was the soul of him who stood at the
-helm and guided the ship of state in that stormy period
-of our country's history.</p>
-
-<p>Throughout the war Mr. Lincoln was very kind and
-forbearing in his dealings with all classes of men. Many
-a deserter owed his life to the pardoning power of President
-Lincoln, one of whom I knew personally for many
-years. Besides his heavy duties as President, under
-such extraordinary circumstances, he went to extra
-trouble in relieving persons in many cases who came
-to him for help. George W. Wolf, an upright and influential
-citizen, who resides near Georgetown, Floyd
-County, Indiana, was corporal of Company C, of the
-Eighty-first Indiana Regiment, in the Civil War, and
-afterward sergeant of the Seventh Veteran Reserve
-Corps. At his home, November 26, 1904, he related to
-me the following incident, which came under his
-observation, showing the kind nature of President
-Lincoln:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"A young soldier, about twenty years of age, belonging
-to an Illinois regiment, was taken sick on the field, and
-sent to a hospital. For some time after his partial recovery
-he was not able for field service, and was put in the First
-Battalion Reserve Corps, which was in camp in the rear of
-the President's mansion. He came to me one day and said:
-'Sergeant, what would you do if you had been sent from
-your company to a hospital, and then sent here, and could
-draw no money from the paymaster on account of not
-having a descriptive roll?'</p>
-
-<p>"'I would send for it,' said I.</p>
-
-<p>"'I have sent for it two or three times, but it never
-came,' said he.</p></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"'Then I would go and see Uncle Abe,' said I.</p>
-
-<p>"'What,' said he, 'a private soldier go up and see the
-President? Would he notice me?'</p>
-
-<p>"'Yes,' I replied, 'and I will go with you.'</p>
-
-<p>"The next morning we secured a pass, and went to see
-the President. The young man was very nervous. After
-waiting a few minutes, we were admitted to the President's
-room. Mr. Lincoln, after dropping his feet from a table,
-said, 'Well, soldiers, what can I do for you?'</p>
-
-<p>"Before entering, I told the young man he must do his
-own talking, but I answered, 'This soldier wants to see
-you about getting pay for his service.'</p>
-
-<p>"Mr. Lincoln, after a short conversation, wrote the name
-of the soldier, his regiment, when he enlisted, that he had
-received but one payment, that he had tried more than
-once, and had failed. Then Mr. Lincoln said, 'I will see
-to it.'</p>
-
-<p>"The next day, about noon, the young soldier was ordered
-to go to the paymaster and draw his money. He received
-all his pay, and a bounty beside, for he had been without
-pay for two years. After receiving his money he joyfully
-took off his cap, threw it up in the air, and exclaimed,
-'Boys, if they don't treat you right, go to Old Abe, and he
-will make it right.'"</p></div>
-
-<p>In the <i>Farm and Fireside</i>, published at Springfield,
-Ohio, of March 7, 1906, appeared an article written by
-J. L. Graff, concerning a set of triplets, yet living, who
-were named by President Lincoln. The family name is
-Haskins. The picture of the triplets appeared in connection
-with the article. The names given by Mr. Lincoln
-were Simon Cameron, Secretary of War; Gideon
-Welles, Secretary of the Navy, and Abraham Lincoln,
-President of the United States. Recently I wrote a
-letter addressed to the triplets, in care of Abraham
-Lincoln Haskins, enclosing the article and their picture,
-asking for the verification of the facts stated and for
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span>
-other information. In due time I received the following
-letter:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p class="ar">
-"<span class="sc">Baraboo, Wisconsin</span>, January 17, 1909.</p>
-
-<p>"<span class="sc">Rev. J. T. Hobson, Dear Sir</span>:—I received a letter from
-you asking if I was one of the Haskins triplets. Yes, sir;
-I am. We were born May 24, 1861, and named by Abraham
-Lincoln. We are all alive and well. I am sorry to say that
-I have no picture of us three, and never had them taken
-but once in our lives, and the one that I had I sent to Mr.
-J. L. Graff, of Chicago. One brother is here in Baraboo,
-the other is in Coleman, Michigan, whose name is Simon.
-That picture you sent is an exact picture of us. A Mr.
-Cole, editor of the Baraboo <i>News</i>, tried to find the letter
-that Mr. Lincoln wrote to my folks. All that he could find
-out was that it was in some museum in Washington. I
-wish we could get it, for I would highly prize it. We boys
-never saw it. He wrote to my father and asked him if it
-was true that he was the father of three boys of the same
-age. He wrote and told him it was so; then Mr. Lincoln
-wrote again, saying that he would be pleased to name us.
-Father wrote and told him that he would be pleased to
-have him name us. He said the first should be named
-Abraham Lincoln, the second Gideon Welles, and the third
-Simon Cameron. We were born in Starksboro, Addison
-County, Vermont. My mother's name, before she was married,
-was Louisa E. Grace, and if there ever was a Christian
-she was the very best one. If there is anything more
-I can do for you I will be very glad to do so. I feel proud
-of my name, and try hard to honor it in every respect.</p>
-
-<div class="indent-60">
-"Yours, with respect,</div>
-<div class="ar">"<span class="sc">Abraham Lincoln Haskins</span>."</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>I feel sure the reader will be pleased to see in this
-book the picture of the triplets, yet living, who were
-named by President Lincoln.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Lincoln was reëlected President of the United
-States, November 8, 1864, and entered upon his second
-term March 4, 1865. General George B. McClellan was
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span>
-the Democratic candidate. The London <i>Spectator</i>
-declared the second inaugural address of Mr. Lincoln
-to be the noblest political document known to history.</p>
-
-<p>In the meantime the war was being industriously
-prosecuted. Important victories, with some reverses,
-came to the North from time to time. The rebellion
-finally collapsed in the fall of Richmond, Virginia,
-April 3, and the surrender of General Lee to General
-Grant at Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865.</p>
-
-<p>Mr. Nichols, in his "Life of Abraham Lincoln," says:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"The spontaneous and universal rejoicings of the people
-of the country at the complete overthrow of the rebellion
-were such as had never been witnessed before on any
-continent. Men laughed, cried, shouted, shook hands with
-each other; there were parades by day and at night. America
-was illuminated by discharge of fireworks and thousands
-of torchlight processions. The war was over. Peace
-stretched her white wings over our beloved land."</p></div>
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span></p>
-
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIII" id="CHAPTER_XIII"></a>CHAPTER XIII.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">Death of President Lincoln</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">Personal Recollections—The Tragic Event—Mr. Stanton—A Nation
-in Sorrow—The Funeral—The Interment at Springfield, Illinois—The
-House in Which President Lincoln Died—Changed
-Conditions—The South Honors Lincoln—A United People—A
-Rich Inheritance.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">On</span> the 15th of April, 1865, my father came hurriedly
-into the house with the exclamatory interrogation,
-addressed to mother, "Guess who's dead!" Mother at
-once thought of her old father, and asked if it were he.
-Then came the startling news, "Lincoln is killed!"
-What a shock it was to our family, as it was to thousands
-of others. We looked at the little two-year-old
-boy of the household who bore the President's name,
-and, with childish superstition, wondered if he would
-suffer any disadvantages because of the murder of
-President Lincoln.</p>
-
-<p>On Friday evening, April 14, the President was in
-attendance at Ford's Theater, on Tenth Street, in Washington,
-D. C. The proceeds of the entertainment were
-to be given to a charity benefit, and it was widely advertised
-that the President and wife, with General Grant
-and others would be present. John Wilkes Booth, a
-fanatic and Southern sympathizer, shot the President
-in the head at 10:15. He at once became unconscious,
-and never regained consciousness. He was carried
-across the street to a house, where he died the next
-morning at 7:23. Mrs. Lincoln, the son Robert T.,
-Private Secretary John Hay, several members of the
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span>
-cabinet, surgeons, Rev. Dr. Gurley, Senator Charles
-Sumner, and others were present when the end came.</p>
-
-<p>No one, outside of the family, was so deeply moved
-at the striking down of the President as was Mr. Stanton.
-It will be remembered that Mr. Lincoln and Mr.
-Stanton first met in 1857, at the trial of the McCormick
-Reaper Patent case, in Cincinnati, Ohio, and that at the
-trial Stanton slighted Mr. Lincoln and made uncomplimentary
-remarks about him. Four years later, President
-Lincoln chose Mr. Stanton a member of his cabinet,
-making him Secretary of War. Their relations
-were very close during the war period up to the time of
-Mr. Lincoln's death.</p>
-
-<p>F. B. Carpenter, in his book, "Six Months at the
-White House," says:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"A few days before the President's death, Secretary
-Stanton tendered his resignation of the War Department.
-He accompanied the act with a heartfelt tribute to Mr.
-Lincoln's constant friendship and faithful devotion to the
-country, saying, also, that he, as secretary, had accepted
-the position to hold it only until the war should end, and
-that now he felt his work was done, and his duty was to
-resign.</p>
-
-<p>"Mr. Lincoln was greatly moved by the secretary's words,
-and, tearing in pieces the paper containing his resignation,
-and throwing his arms about the secretary, he said, 'Stanton,
-you have been a good friend and a faithful public
-servant, and it is not for you to say when you will no
-longer be needed here.' Several friends of both parties
-were present on the occasion, and there was not a dry eye
-that witnessed the scene."</p></div>
-
-<p>When Lincoln fell, Stanton was almost heart-broken,
-and as he knelt by his side was heard to say to himself:
-"Am I indeed left alone? None may now ever know or
-tell what we have suffered together in the nation's darkest
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span>
-hours." When the surgeon-general said to him that
-there was no hope, he could not believe it, and passionately
-exclaimed, "No, no, general; no, no!"</p>
-
-<p>When Lincoln expired, and just after prayer by
-Doctor Gurley, Stanton was the first to break the
-silence, saying, "Now he belongs to the ages."</p>
-
-<p>At the death of President Lincoln the nation was
-suddenly turned from demonstrations of great joy, on
-account of the closing of the war, to intense grief and
-unutterable horror. W. O. Stoddard says, "It was as
-if there had been a death in every home throughout the
-land." J. H. Barrett says:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"Never before was rejoicing turned into such sudden
-and overwhelming sorrow. A demon studying how most
-deeply to wound the greatest number of hearts, could have
-devised no act for his purpose like that which sent Abraham
-Lincoln to his grave. No man's loss could have been
-so universally felt as that of a father, brother, friend.
-Many a fireside was made lonely by this bereavement. Sadness
-and despondency seized upon all. Men ceased business,
-and workmen returned home with their dinner buckets
-unopened. The merchants left their counting-rooms
-for the privacy of their dwellings. A gloom, intensified by
-the transition from the pomp and rejoicing of the day
-before, settled impenetrably on every mind. Bells sadly
-tolled in all parts of the land. Mourning drapery was
-quickly seen from house to house on every square of the
-national capital; and all the chief places of the country
-witnessed, by spontaneous demonstration, their participation
-in the general sorrow. In every loyal pulpit, and at
-every true altar throughout the nation, the great public
-grief was the theme of earnest prayer and discourse on
-the day following. One needs not to dwell on what no pen
-can describe, and on what no adult living on that day can
-ever forget."</p></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Funeral services were conducted in the East Room
-of the White House on Wednesday, April 19, by Doctor
-Gurley, of the Presbyterian Church. Andrew Johnson,
-the successor of President Lincoln, by proclamation,
-recommended that memorial services be held that day
-throughout the United States. I kept my first diary
-that year, and made the following entry for that day:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"Abraham Lincoln's funeral preached; order to hold
-meeting at every church in the U. S. Heard David Swartz
-preach in Clear Spring. 2 Samuel, 3 chapter, 38 verse.
-The minister was a Methodist, and the words of the text
-were, 'Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man
-fallen this day in Israel?'"</p></div>
-
-<p>The remains of President Lincoln were taken to his
-old home, Springfield, Illinois, for interment. An
-address was there delivered by Mr. Lincoln's highly-esteemed
-friend, Bishop Simpson, of the Methodist
-Episcopal Church. A large monument, appropriate to
-the memory of him who "bound the nation and unbound
-the slave," marks the place where his body lies in Oak
-Ridge Cemetery.</p>
-
-<p>The three-story brick building in which President
-Lincoln died in Washington City is still standing. The
-lower story is used by Mr. O. H. Oldroyd, containing
-the Oldroyd Lincoln Memorial Collection, consisting of
-more than three thousand articles pertaining to the martyred
-President. I visited this house, May 23, 1901.
-In some pictures of the house in which Lincoln died
-there is a flag floating from a window in the second
-story, and in others the third story, with the statement
-that the flag indicates the room in which President
-Lincoln died. Neither is correct. He died in a small
-room on the first floor, in the rear part of the building.</p>
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span></p>
-<p>It is now nearly forty-four years since Abraham
-Lincoln died. There have been great changes in our
-country during that time. The South now vindicates
-Lincoln, and realizes that he was their friend. Peace
-and good will now prevail between the North and the
-South, cemented by the blood of Lincoln.</p>
-
-<p>Joseph H. Bradley, chaplain National Soldiers' Home
-of Virginia, in a communication to the <i>Ram's Horn</i>,
-quotes from a letter written by General William G.
-Webb, a Christian ex-Confederate:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"Abraham Lincoln was a great and good man, and was
-raised up by God to preserve this nation as one and indivisible,
-and to give freedom to the slaves. As a Confederate,
-I could not see it; and after our defeat it took me
-some time to grasp it; but it became very plain to me after
-a while. God has a great work for this nation to do, and
-Mr. Lincoln was, like Washington, one of his instruments
-to prepare the people for this mission which the United
-States is to accomplish toward the enlightenment, freedom,
-and Christianization of the world."</p></div>
-
-<p>I heard a lecture on Abraham Lincoln at Corydon,
-Indiana, March 17, 1899, by Henry Watterson, the
-talented editor of the Louisville <i>Courier-Journal</i> and
-ex-Confederate, in which he said, "If Lincoln was
-not inspired of God, then there is no such thing on earth
-as special providence or the interposition of divine power
-in the affairs of men."</p>
-
-<p>In 1903, the State of Mississippi, the second State to
-pass an ordinance of secession, and the home of Jefferson
-Davis, President of the Southern Confederacy,
-requested Honorable Robert T. Lincoln to furnish a
-picture of his father to hang in the new capitol building
-at Jackson. The request was as follows:</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"We of the South now realize the greatness and the goodness
-of the character of Abraham Lincoln, and would honor
-his memory. Nothing that we could do would add to his
-fame. We can, however, show our respect and love for
-him. Permit me, therefore, in the name of the State, to
-invite you to place a portrait of President Lincoln in the
-new capitol of Mississippi; that it may symbolize his love
-for his country, his devotion to duty, and his heartfelt
-sympathy for the Southern people."</p></div>
-
-<p>Abraham Lincoln loved the South. He was Southern
-born. At his last cabinet meeting, on the date of his
-death, he advised that forbearance, clemency, and charity
-should be the controlling principles in dealing with
-difficult problems awaiting practical solution.</p>
-
-<p>What a rich inheritance we have in the example and
-deeds, the pen and voice of Abraham Lincoln. What
-an inspiration his noble life should be to struggling
-young men who trace the footsteps in his eventful history,
-and learn the motives that prompted him in all his
-actions.</p>
-
-<p>Not long since I received a communication from a
-stranger, a poor orphan boy in far-away Turkey. He
-lives in Konia, the ancient Iconium, mentioned in the
-New Testament. He says: "I have read in some books
-about Lincoln. I love and admire him as one of the
-greatest men that ever have been lived on earth." His
-appeal for an opportunity to know more about Lincoln
-was pathetic.</p>
-
-<p>Many years ago a young man said:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"I was only a child when Abraham Lincoln died, but I
-cannot think of his death without feeling the same pain
-I would feel if it had been my father. I never saw him,
-and yet it seems that I knew him and loved him personally.
-I am sure I am a better man because Lincoln lived.
-His straightforward, simple, truthful life puts all meaner
-lives to shame."</p></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>O. H. Oldroyd, editor of the "Lincoln Memorial
-Album," says:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"His fame is world-wide and stands in history more
-lasting than a monument of brass. His words will continue
-to sound through the ages as long as the flowers shall
-bloom or the waters flow."</p></div>
-
-<p>Another writer says:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"We hear Lincoln's words in every schoolhouse and college,
-in every cabin, and at every public meeting. We read
-them in every newspaper, school-book, and magazine, and
-they are all in favor of right, liberty, and truth, and of
-honesty and reverence for God. His words, some of them
-as familiar as the Bible, are on the tongues of the people,
-shaping the national character."</p></div>
-
-<p>Bishop Newman said:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"There is no name more deserving of imperishable fame
-than Abraham Lincoln. He is embalmed in song, recorded
-in history, eulogized in panegyric, cast in bronze, sculptured
-in marble, painted on canvas, enshrined in the hearts of
-his countrymen, and lives in the memories of mankind."</p></div>
-
-<div class="figcontainer">
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_096a.jpg" id="i_096a.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_096a.jpg" width="435" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">GEORGE W. TURNHAM,</div>
-	<div class="chapsum"><i>Of Evansville, Indiana, son of the Indiana
-      constable who loaned Lincoln the Revised Statutes of Indiana. Mr.
-      Turnham has a letter written to his father by Lincoln in 1860, and printed
-      in this volume.</i></div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_096b.jpg" id="i_096b.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_096b.jpg" width="440" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">MOSES MARTIN.</div>
-	<div class="chapsum"><i>Mr. Martin signed a temperance pledge
-      presented by Abraham Lincoln in 1847. Mr. Martin resides at Edinburg,
-      Illinois, and is eighty years of age.</i></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-<div class="figcontainer">
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_097a.jpg" id="i_097a.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_097a.jpg" width="449" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">MAJOR J. B. MERWIN,</div>
-	<div class="chapsum"><i>Who canvassed Illinois with Lincoln for
-      State Prohibition in 1854-55, and was associated with Mr. Lincoln till the
-      day of his death. Major Merwin now resides at Middleburg, Conn.</i></div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="figsub" style="width: 300px;"><a name="i_097b.jpg" id="i_097b.jpg"></a>
-    <img src="images/i_097b.jpg" width="446" height="600" alt="" title="" />
-    <div class="caption">REV. R. L. McCORD,</div>
-	<div class="chapsum"><i>Of Lake City, Iowa, who named Lincoln
-      as his candidate for President after hearing him speak at Springfield,
-      Illinois, in 1854.</i></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span></p>
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIV" id="CHAPTER_XIV"></a>CHAPTER XIV.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">Unpublished Official Documents</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">A Discovery—Documents of Historic Value—Lincoln Owned Land
-in Iowa—Copy of Letters Patent from United States, under
-James Buchanan, to Abraham Lincoln, in 1860—Copy of Deed
-Executed by Honorable Robert T. Lincoln and Wife in 1892—Other
-Transfers—The Present Owner.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">A few</span> months ago I learned through a newspaper
-that Abraham Lincoln, at the time of his death, owned
-land in the State of Iowa, by virtue of his having served
-in the Black Hawk War of 1832. He was given a land
-script, good for one hundred and twenty acres, which
-he located in what is now Crawford County, Iowa.
-Having never heard of this before, I went to Denison,
-the county-seat, and, through the law and abstract office
-of Shaw, Sims &amp; Kuehnle, obtained the information
-where the records could be found in the county recorder's
-office. The above-named Shaw is the Honorable
-Leslie M. Shaw, ex-Governor of Iowa and ex-Secretary
-of the United States Treasury under President
-Roosevelt.</p>
-
-<p>Through the kindness of the county recorder, W. E.
-Terry, I was allowed to copy the records in the case.
-Probably Abraham Lincoln never saw the land, but
-because of their historical value the records are here
-given. The first is the letters-patent from the United
-States to Abraham Lincoln. Record D, page 18. Original
-Entry, page 125.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span></p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p class="ac noindent">
-"<span class="sc">The United States of America.</span></p>
-
-<p class="noindent">"<i>To All Whom, These Presents Shall Come, Greeting</i>:<br />
-"<span class="sc">Whereas</span>, In pursuance of the Act of Congress, approved
-March 3, 1855, entitled An Act, in addition to certain Acts,
-Granting Bounty Land to certain officers and soldiers who
-have been engaged in the military service of the United
-States, There has been deposited in the General Land Office,
-Warrant No. 68645, for 120 acres of land in favor of Abraham
-Lincoln, Captain Illinois Militia, Black Hawk War,
-with evidence that the same has been duly located upon the
-east half of the northeast quarter, and northwest quarter
-of the northeast quarter of section eighteen, in Township
-eighty-four, north of Range thirty-nine west, in the district
-of Lands subject to sale at Council Bluffs, Iowa, containing
-one hundred and twenty acres, according to the official plat
-of the survey of the said land returned to the General Land
-Office by the Surveyor General, the said tract having been
-located by the said Abraham Lincoln.</p>
-
-<p>"Know ye, That there is, therefore, granted by the United
-States unto the said Abraham Lincoln, heirs, and assigns
-forever.</p>
-
-<p>"In Testimony, whereof, I, James Buchanan, President of
-the United States of America, have caused these Letters to
-be made Patent, and the seal of the General Land Office to
-be hereto affixed.</p>
-
-<p>"[<span class="sc">Seal.</span>]</p>
-
-<p>"Given under my hand, at the City of Washington, the
-tenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One Thousand
-Eight Hundred and Sixty, and of the Independence of
-the United States the Eighty-fifth.</p>
-
-<div class="indent-20">
-"By the President:</div>
-<div class="ar"><span class="sc">James Buchanan.</span></div>
-
-<div>"By <span class="sc">J. B. Leonard</span>, <i>Sec.</i>
-<br />
-"<span class="sc">G. W. Granger</span>, <i>Recorder of the
-General Land Office</i>.<br />
-"Recorded vol. 468, page 53."</div>
-</div>
-
-<p>The following copy of the warranty deed from Robert
-T. Lincoln and wife to Henry Edwards is recorded in
-Deed Record 13, page 208. Robert T. Lincoln at this
-time was minister from the United States to Great
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span>
-Britain, under President Benjamin Harrison's administration:</p>
-
-
-<div class="bq">
-<div class="ac noindent">"<span class="sc">Warranty Deed.</span></div>
-<p>"Filed April 26, A. D. 1892, at 2:10 <span class="sc">P.M.</span>, W. W. Cushman,
-Recorder.<br />
-"<i>Know All Men by These Presents</i>:<br />
-"That we, Robert T. Lincoln and Mary H. Lincoln, his
-wife, of Cook County, and State of Illinois, in consideration
-of the sum of Thirteen Hundred Dollars ($1,300) to
-us in hand paid by Henry Edwards, of Crawford County,
-and State of Iowa, do hereby sell and convey unto the said
-Henry Edwards the following described premises, situated
-in the County of Crawford, and State of Iowa, to-wit:</p>
-
-<p>"The east half of the northeast quarter, and the northwest
-quarter of the northeast quarter of section eighteen
-(18) in Township eighty-four (84), north of Range thirty-nine
-(39), west of the Principal Meridian.</p>
-
-<p>"And we covenant with the said Henry Edwards that we
-hold said premises by good and perfect title, that we have
-good right and lawful authority to sell and convey the
-same, that they are free and clear of all liens and all
-encumbrances, whatsoever, excepting the taxes levied, or
-to be levied, for the year 1892, and excepting also a lease
-of said land expiring on or about the fourth day of May,
-A. D. 1894, and we covenant to warrant and defend the title
-to said premises against the lawful claims of all persons,
-whomsoever, excepting as against the said taxes, and the
-said lease, the obligation and discharge of both of which
-are hereby assumed by the said Henry Edwards.</p>
-
-<p>"The said Robert T. Lincoln hereby declares that his
-title to said land is wholly by descent, and derived as
-follows, namely:</p>
-
-<p>"That Abraham Lincoln, the patentee of said land, died
-on the 15th day of April, 1865, intestate, leaving heirs surviving,
-his widow, Mary Lincoln, and his two sons, Robert T.
-Lincoln and Thomas Lincoln, and no other heirs; that said
-Thomas Lincoln died on the 15th day of July, A. D. 1871,
-in the nineteenth year of his age, intestate, and unmarried,
-leaving him surviving as his only heirs his mother, said
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span>
-Mary Lincoln, and his brother, said Robert T. Lincoln;
-that said Mary Lincoln died on the 16th day of July, A. D.
-1882, intestate, and a widow, leaving her surviving as her
-sole heir, said Robert T. Lincoln; and that the estate of
-said Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Lincoln, and Mary Lincoln
-were successively duly administered according to law in the
-county court of Sangamon County, in the State of Illinois,
-and that all claims against them were duly paid and
-discharged.</p>
-
-<p>"Signed the twenty-second day of March, A. D. 1892.</p>
-
-<p class="ar">
-"<span class="sc">Robert T. Lincoln.</span><br />
-"<span class="sc">Mary H. Lincoln.</span>
-</p></div>
-
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p class="ac">"<span class="sc">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.</span></p>
-
-<p>"Legation of the United States of America at London on
-this 22d day of March, A. D. 1892, before me Larz Anderson,
-a secretary of the Legation of the United States of America
-at London, aforesaid, came Robert T. Lincoln and Mary H.
-Lincoln, his wife, personally to me known to be the identical
-persons whose names are affixed to the above instrument
-as grantors thereof, and acknowledged the execution
-of the same to be their voluntary act and deed for the
-purpose therein expressed.</p>
-
-<p>"Witness my hand and the seal of said Legation the day
-and year last above written.</p>
-
-<p>"The Legation of the United States of America to Great
-Britain.</p>
-
-<p class="ar">
-<span class="sc">Larz Anderson</span>,<br />
-"<i>Secretary of Legation</i>."
-</p></div>
-
-<p>On the 20th of April, 1892, the above-named Henry
-Edwards sold the land to Enoch T. Cochran, consideration
-$1,500. Recorded May 2, 1892, Deed Book 12,
-page 624.</p>
-
-<p>On the 20th of October, 1892, Enoch T. Cochran sold
-the land to the present owner, Peter F. Jepsen, consideration
-$1,925. Recorded October 24, 1892, Deed Book
-15, page 135.</p>
-
-<p>I copied the foregoing records in the recorder's office,
-in Dennison, Crawford County, Iowa, in the afternoon
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span>
-of May 22, 1908. Mr. Jepsen, the present owner of the
-land, is a retired German farmer and resides in Denison.
-I called at his home after I had copied the records.
-He came to the United States in 1867, and is
-proud of the fact that he is the owner of the land that
-Abraham Lincoln owned. The land joins another farm
-which Mr. Jepsen owns, where he formerly resided, in
-Goodrich Township, about seven miles northwest of
-Denison. The present veteran county surveyor, Moses
-Henry, told me that he surveyed the land Lincoln
-owned, and that it is now valued at one hundred dollars
-per acre.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter"><a name="i_104a.jpg" id="i_104a.jpg"></a>
-  <img src="images/i_104a.jpg" width="600" height="444"
-        alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">THE OLD STILL-HOUSE SITE<br />
-    <i>In Indiana, where Lincoln worked the latter part of
-    the winter before going to Illinois, in March, 1830.</i></div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter"><a name="i_104b.jpg" id="i_104b.jpg"></a>
-  <img src="images/i_104b.jpg" width="600" height="422"
-        alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">GIDEON WELLS HASKINS ABRAHAM LINCOLN HASKINS<br />
-    SIMON CAMERON HASKINS<br />
-	<i>Triplets named by Abraham Lincoln in 1861.
-    They are still living.</i></div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter"><a name="i_105a.jpg" id="i_105a.jpg"></a>
-  <img src="images/i_105a.jpg" width="600" height="492"
-        alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">HOUSE IN WHICH LINCOLN DIED</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter"><a name="i_105b.jpg" id="i_105b.jpg"></a>
-  <img src="images/i_105b.jpg" width="478" height="600"
-        alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">LINCOLN'S MILL</div>
-</div>
-
-
-<hr class="chap" />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span></p>
-
-
-
-
-<div class="chapter p4">
-  <h2><a name="CHAPTER_XV" id="CHAPTER_XV"></a>CHAPTER XV.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="ac noindent">Celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of
-Lincoln's Birth</p>
-
-<p class="chapsum noindent">Preparations—General Observance—President Roosevelt
-Lays Corner-stone of Lincoln Museum at Lincoln's Birthplace—Extracts
-from Addresses at Various Places—Closing Tribute.</p>
-
-
-<p><span class="sc">Never</span>, perhaps, in the history of mankind has such
-general recognition been given to the anniversary of
-any man's birth as was given to the one hundredth
-anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth on Friday,
-February 12, 1909. For weeks in advance the newspapers,
-both religious and secular, and the magazines
-were decorated with his pictures, and other pictures
-illustrating many scenes in his life. The recollections
-of personal friends and acquaintances, war incidents,
-stories, anecdotes, and his personal traits were placed
-on record, with various announcements and programs
-for the coming anniversary, showed the great interest
-attached to his name and his history.</p>
-
-<p>The day was made a national holiday by Congress
-and the proclamation of the President, supplemented by
-legislatures and governors of many States. The event
-was celebrated, almost without exception, by all the
-common schools, colleges, and universities throughout
-the nation. Churches, Grand Army posts, Young Men's
-Christian Associations, the various temperance organizations,
-clubs, trades unions, and almost every form of
-organized bodies celebrated the day. Courts and legislatures
-adjourned and joined in the general anniversary
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span>
-exercises, or held separate exercises. The wheels of the
-general Government at Washington, D. C., stopped to
-recognize the great memorial day. Business in many
-places was practically suspended in honor of the day.
-In every community, town, and city the praises of
-Lincoln were heard.</p>
-
-<p>Orations delivered by great and undistinguished men
-and women, pertaining to many phases of Lincoln's
-life and character, were given. Prayers, religious and
-patriotic songs were heard. Pictures, flowers, flags,
-parades, and banquets were greatly in evidence. The
-Gettysburg address, the Emancipation Proclamation,
-the second inaugural address, Lincoln's favorite poem,
-"Oh, why should the spirit of mortal be proud?" with
-many other selections, were recited and read.</p>
-
-<p>The Southern people, as well as the Northern, joined
-in the general exercises of the day. The colored people
-were enthusiastic in showing their appreciation of what
-Mr. Lincoln had done for their race. In many cities
-in foreign countries, including London, Berlin, Honolulu,
-and Rome, the anniversary was observed.</p>
-
-<p>The center of attraction was the celebration at Lincoln's
-birthplace, on the farm three miles from Hodgenville,
-Larue County, Kentucky. A large tent had been
-erected for the occasion, with a platform inside for the
-speakers. In front of the platform was placed a rebuilt
-little cabin, sixteen feet square, which had itinerated in
-many parts of the country and exhibited as the cabin
-in which Abraham Lincoln was born. The little cabin,
-set in flowers contributed by the school children of
-Kentucky, and decorated with the national colors, very
-fitly illustrated the kind of a cabin in which the great
-emancipator was born. When Lincoln was born in a
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span>
-log cabin on that spot, no one could imagine that a
-future President was born there, and that a hundred
-years later another President would stand on the same
-spot to assist in celebrating his birth.</p>
-
-<p>Five extra trains came from Louisville to Hodgenville,
-bearing persons from various points in the United
-States. These were conveyed by carriages to the place
-of celebration. The day there was rainy, but the foreign
-and local attendance was estimated at eight thousand.
-Among the distinguished persons present were President
-Roosevelt, Mrs. Roosevelt, and daughter, Miss Ethel;
-Mr. Loeb, the President's private secretary; Ex-Governor
-Joseph Folk, of Missouri, president of the Lincoln
-Farm Association; Governor A. E. Willson, of Kentucky;
-General James G. Wilson, and Luke E. Wright,
-Secretary of War.</p>
-
-<p>There were various committees, guards and police.
-Good order prevailed. All lines of the North and the
-South were blotted out in representation, men of both
-sections taking part in the exercises. Twenty-six negro
-citizens, appointed by Governor Willson, as a reception
-committee, represented their race.</p>
-
-<p>After prayer, Ex-Governor Folk, of Missouri, president
-of the Lincoln Farm Association, said, in part:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"Here, on this farm, one hundred years ago to-day, was
-born the strongest, strangest, gentlest character the republic
-has ever known. His work was destined to have a more
-far-reaching influence than any that went before him.
-Until recently this spot which should be hallowed by every
-American, was unnoticed and abandoned. Inspired by the
-idea that due regard for the apostle of human liberty who
-sprang from this soil demanded the preservation of his
-birthplace, a few patriotic men organized the Lincoln Farm
-Association, to purchase this property and to erect upon it
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span>
-a memorial to that simple, but sublime life that here came
-into the world. This association is purely patriotic in its
-purposes, and the movement has met with a ready response
-from every section of the nation. In revering the name of
-Lincoln, there is now no North or South, or East or
-West. There is but one heart in all, and that the heart of
-patriotic America. So the memorial to be erected here, by
-South as well as North, will not only be in memory of
-Lincoln, but it will be a testimony that the fires of hatred
-kindled by the fierce civil conflict of nearly half a century
-ago, are dead, and from the ashes has arisen the red rose
-of patriotism to a common country and loyalty to a common
-flag."</p></div>
-
-<p>President Roosevelt, in behalf of the nation, said, in
-part:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"He lived in days that were great and terrible, when
-brother fought against brother for what each sincerely
-deemed to be the right. In a contest so grim the strong
-men who alone can carry it through are rarely able to do
-justice to the deep convictions of those with whom they
-grapple in mortal strife. At such times men see through
-a glass darkly; to only the rarest and loftiest spirits is
-vouchsafed that clear vision which gradually comes to all,
-even to the lesser, as the struggle fades into distance, and
-wounds are forgotten, and peace creeps back to the hearts
-that were hurt. But to Lincoln was given this supreme
-vision. He did not hate the man from whom he differed.
-Weakness was as foreign as wickedness to his strong, gentle
-nature; but his courage was of a quality so high that it
-needed no bolstering of dark passion. He saw clearly that
-the same high qualities, the same courage and willingness
-for self-sacrifice, and devotion to the right as it was given
-them to see the right, belonged both to the men of the
-North and to the men of the South. As the years roll by,
-and as all of us, wherever we dwell, grow to feel an equal
-pride in the valor and self-devotion alike of the men who
-wore the blue and the men who wore the gray, so this
-whole nation will grow to feel a peculiar sense of pride in
-the man whose blood was shed for the union of his people,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span>
-and for the freedom of a race. The lover of his country
-and of all mankind; the mightiest of the mighty men who
-mastered the mighty days, Abraham Lincoln."</p></div>
-
-<p>Governor Willson, in behalf of Kentucky, for her
-greatest son, said, in part:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"We have met here on this farm where he was born, in
-memory of Abraham Lincoln, to know for ourselves and to
-prove to the world, by a record made to endure, and deep
-graven on these acres, that the love of country and of its
-nobly useful citizens are not dreams, nor idle words, but
-indeed living, stirring, and breathing feelings. Abraham
-Lincoln is claimed by all humanity and all time as the type
-of the race best showing forth the best in all men in all
-conditions of life.</p>
-
-<p>"Here are met to-day, with equal zeal to do him honor,
-soldiers of the war for and against the Union, heroes of the
-Union and the Confederacy, Americans all, no one less
-pledged than the other, not only by the bond of the covenant
-of our law, but alike by the dearest feelings of his
-heart and fervor of his blood, to our united country and its
-beautiful flag."</p></div>
-
-<p>General James G. Wilson, of New York, who was in
-the Union Army, spoke fitting words in behalf of the
-Union, while General Luke E. Wright, who was in the
-Confederate Army, now Secretary of War, spoke fitting
-words in behalf of the Confederacy.</p>
-
-<p>President Roosevelt laid the corner-stone of the Lincoln
-Museum, which is to be built of limestone and
-white marble. He spread white cement with a silver
-trowel where the stone was to set. The stone, weighing
-three thousand pounds, was placed in position with a
-derrick. A number of articles were deposited in a leaden
-box placed in the stone before it was set, among which
-was the life of Lincoln written by President Roosevelt
-and the speeches delivered on the occasion.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>In connection with the depository of articles, an aged
-negro, Isaac T. Montgomery, of Mississippi, said to
-have been at one time a slave of Jefferson Davis, President
-of the Southern Confederacy, was assigned the
-appropriate honor of depositing in the box a copy of
-President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. In
-doing this he made a brief speech, in which he referred
-to himself "as one of the former millions of slaves to
-whom Lincoln gave freedom, and the representative of
-10,000,000 grateful negro citizens."</p>
-
-<p>The cabin in which it is alleged Abraham Lincoln
-was born will be kept in the memorial building. It is
-expected that the building will be dedicated in April,
-by William H. Taft, who will be inaugurated President
-of the United States, March 4, 1909.</p>
-
-<p>The spot where Abraham Lincoln was born will, for
-coming ages, be the most sacred shrine in all this great
-country, whose government he died to save.</p>
-
-<p>At Lincoln City, Spencer County, Indiana, where the
-Lincolns lived fourteen years after moving from Kentucky,
-and before moving to Illinois, and where Abraham's
-mother lies buried, exercises were held. The
-school children of Evansville, Indiana, raised money to
-purchase a flag, and the school children of Indianapolis
-sent a wreath of flowers, both of which were placed on
-Mrs. Lincoln's grave. A procession of one hundred
-school children of Lincoln City, headed by Principal
-Curtis Cox and the other teachers, marched to the grave,
-where the exercises were held.</p>
-
-<p>At Springfield, Illinois, Lincoln's old home, and
-where his body rests in the great monument erected to
-his memory, imposing exercises were held in various
-places well worthy of the man. Mr. Lincoln was instrumental
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span>
-in having the State capital moved from Vandalia
-to Springfield. Ambassador Jusserand of France, Senator
-Dolliver of Iowa, Ambassador Bryce of England,
-and William J. Bryan were among the distinguished
-visitors, and who delivered addresses. A most impressive
-feature of the occasion was the scene at Lincoln's
-tomb, when Robert T. Lincoln, son of the martyred
-President, stood beside the sarcophagus in which the
-body of his great father rests. Here his mother, brothers,
-and a son named Abraham Lincoln are also entombed.
-He stood in silent meditation with tear-dimmed
-eyes, with Ambassadors Jusserand, Bryce,
-Senator Dolliver, W. J. Bryan, and many other distinguished
-persons gathered about. In his speech, Ambassador
-Bryce said, in part:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"Of the personal impression he made on those who knew
-him, you will hear from some of the few yet living who
-can recollect him. All I can contribute is a reminiscence
-of what reached us in England. I was an undergraduate
-student in the University of Oxford when the Civil War
-broke out. Well do I remember the surprise when the
-Republican National Convention nominated him as a candidate
-for the presidency, for it had been expected that the
-choice would fall upon William H. Seward. I recollect
-how it slowly dawned upon Europeans in 1862 and 1863
-that the President could be no ordinary man, because he
-never seemed cast down by the reverses which befell his
-arms, because he never let himself be hurried into premature
-action, nor feared to take so bold a step as the Emancipation
-Proclamation was when he saw that the time had
-arrived. And, above all, I remember the shock of awe and
-grief which thrilled all Britain when the news came that
-he had perished by the bullet of an assassin....</p>
-
-<p>"To you, men of Illinois, Lincoln is the most famous and
-worthy of all those who have adorned your commonwealth.
-To you, citizens of the United States, he is the President
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span>
-who carried you through a terrible conflict and saved the
-Union. To us in England he is one of the heroes of the
-race whence you and we sprung. We honor his memory
-as you do; and it is fitting that one who is privileged here
-to represent the land from which his forefathers came
-should bring on behalf of England a tribute of admiration
-for him and of thankfulness to the Providence which gave
-him to you in your hour of need.</p>
-
-<p>"Great men are the noblest possession of a nation, and
-are potent forces in the molding of national character.
-Their influence lives after them, and if they be good as
-well as great, they remain as beacons lighting the course
-of all who follow them. They set for succeeding generations
-the standards of public life. They stir the spirit and
-rouse the energy of the youth who seek to emulate their
-virtues in the service of the country."</p></div>
-
-<p>At Washington City all Government and leading
-business houses were closed. The Senate adjourned
-until Monday, but in the House, Lincoln's famous
-Gettysburg speech was read by Representative Boutell,
-of Illinois. Appropriate exercises were held at Howard
-University, where a large negro student body witnessed
-the unveiling of a large painting of the "Underground
-Railroad." Secretary of the Interior Garfield and other
-speakers were on the program.</p>
-
-<p>In Boston, the city sometimes called the literary "hub
-of the universe," Senator Lodge gave an address on the
-life and work of Mr. Lincoln before the Massachusetts
-Legislature. At a meeting held in the evening in Symphony
-Hall, John D. Long, former Secretary of the
-Navy, gave an address, and Julia Ward Howe, author
-of the "Battle Hymn of the Republic," read a poem she
-had written for the occasion, depicting Lincoln's rise
-from obscurity to the leader of the nation.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>In Chicago, the metropolis of Lincoln's adopted State,
-fifty public meetings were held in his honor. The city
-was fairly buried beneath flags, buntings, and pictures
-of Lincoln. Show-windows were filled with war relics
-and Lincoln mementoes. Streets were crowded with
-marchers and military bands. Standing bareheaded in
-Lincoln Park, in sight of the Lincoln Statue, a group
-of Civil War veterans fired a presidential salute. Dexter
-Pavilion, at night, was crowded, while a chorus of one
-thousand voices sang patriotic songs.</p>
-
-<p>At Gettysburg, where Lincoln delivered his classic
-address dedicating the national cemetery, November 19,
-1863, the day was duly observed. The principal exercises
-were held on the campus of Gettysburg College,
-near Seminary Ridge, where much of the first and
-second days' fighting occurred during the great battle.
-Lincoln's Gettysburg address was read by Judge Samuel
-McSwope.</p>
-
-<p>At Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Vice-President Fairbanks
-said, in part:</p>
-
-<div class="bq">
-<p>"Who, among all the men of his day, has produced utterances
-so classic and lofty and which will survive so long
-as many of the speeches of Mr. Lincoln? It is impossible
-to think that schools, colleges, or universities could have
-increased the intellectual or moral nature of Lincoln. He
-was the marvelous product of the great school of nature.
-He kept close to nature's heart, close to the people, close to
-the soul.... His life was spent in the field of conflict.
-In his youth he struggled with nature. At the bar he contended
-for the rights of his clients. In the wider field of
-politics he fought with uncommon power to overthrow the
-wrong and enthrone the right. He fought not for the love
-of contest, but for the love of truth. By nature he was a
-man of peace. He did not like to raise his hand against
-his fellow-man. He instinctively loved justice, right, and
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span>
-liberty. His soul revolted at the thought of injustice and
-wrong. His conscience impelled him to uphold the right
-wherever it was denied his fellow-man. He could not do
-otherwise."</p></div>
-
-<p>In New York City the celebration was the most hearty
-and widespread of its kind ever seen there. The city's
-official celebration was held in Cooper Union, in the hall
-in which Lincoln made his great speech called the
-"Cooper Union Speech," delivered in 1860. Addresses
-were delivered by Joseph H. Choate and Rev. Dr. Lyman
-Abbott. At a great club meeting, Booker T. Washington
-delivered an address, and referred to himself as "one
-whom Lincoln found a piece of property and made into
-an American citizen."</p>
-
-<p>In closing this little volume as an humble tribute to
-the memory of Abraham Lincoln, I desire to say that,
-while Mr. Lincoln possessed so many excellent traits of
-character, the most significant and worthy one was his
-constant anxiety, as he expressed it, to know and do
-the will of God. This, in the providence of God, is
-what made him truly great.
-</p>
-
-
-<div class="transnote p2">
-  <h3>Transcriber's Note:</h3>
-  <ul>
-    <li>Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note.</li>
-    <li>Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained.</li>
-    <li>Mid-paragraph illustrations have been moved to the end of chapters.</li>
-    <li>References added to the list of illustrations: House in which
-      Lincoln died and Lincoln's mill.</li>
-  </ul>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
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