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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #53803 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/53803)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Report of a special committee of the City
-Council, on the improvement of the Fire D, by City Council Halifax (N.S.)
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: Report of a special committee of the City Council, on the improvement of the Fire Department
-       and also, on the best means of obtaining an additional
-       supply of water for fire purposes, for the city of Halifax,
-       N.S.
-
-Author: City Council Halifax (N.S.)
-
-Release Date: December 25, 2016 [EBook #53803]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT OF A SPECIAL COMMITTEE ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive)
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-
-                                 REPORT
-                                  OF A
-                 Special Committee of the City Council,
-                                 ON THE
-                              IMPROVEMENT
-                                 OF THE
-                            FIRE DEPARTMENT.
-                               AND ALSO,
- ON THE BEST MEANS OF OBTAINING AN ADDITIONAL SUPPLY OF WATER FOR FIRE
-                PURPOSES, FOR THE CITY OF HALIFAX, N. S.
-
-
-                            HALIFAX, N. S.:
-                     JAMES BARNES & CO., PRINTERS.
-                                 1859.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
-                                REPORT.
-
-
-The Committee appointed to take into consideration, the condition of the
-Fire Department of this City, and also, the best means of obtaining an
-additional supply of Water, for Fire purposes, beg to present their
-Report.
-
-Before proceeding to the subject matter of their Report, the Committee
-deem it due to themselves, and to the community, to make one or two
-explanations, by way of accounting for apparent neglect of a most
-important enquiry. The Committee was first appointed, immediately
-subsequent to the great conflagration of 9th September, but they had
-scarcely commenced their labours, when the Committee was disorganized,
-by the retirement of several members, consequent upon the Annual Civic
-Elections. The choice of officers and other necessary business,
-prevented the appointment of a new Committee until late in October,
-since which time, the members of this Committee, being much occupied
-with other Committees, as well as with their own private affairs, it was
-not possible to report at an earlier date.
-
-The Committee, also, take this opportunity of stating, that they do not
-hold themselves accountable for any communications, anonymous or
-otherwise, upon this question, which may have appeared in the
-newspapers.
-
-The Committee have directed their attention to the several papers
-submitted to them by the Council; as follows:
-
-1st. Memorial of Edward J. Longard; received by the City Council 11th
-March, 1859.
-
-2nd. Memorandum of Alderman Twining; submitted 9th August, 1859.
-
-3rd. Letter from Hon. Wm. Young, A. Scott and H. Hartshorne to His
-Worship the Mayor, dated 12th September, 1859.
-
-4th. Letter from the Secretary of the Halifax Water Company to His
-Worship the Mayor, dated 13th September, 1859.
-
-The Memorial of Mr. Longard, proposes a scheme for supplying the City
-with Water, for Fire purposes, exclusively;—the supply to be drawn from
-the Birch Cove Lakes.
-
-The Memorandum of Alderman Twining suggests the appointment of a
-Committee, to enquire into the expediency, and feasibility, of
-purchasing the Water Works, and property, of the Halifax Water Company.
-
-Messrs. Young, Scott and Hartshorne’s Letter has reference to the late
-Fire, and makes certain suggestions, relating thereto, such as, the
-laying down of additional Water Pipes, the use of Steam Fire Engines,
-and the enlargement of the Fire Companies.
-
-The Communication from the Secretary of the Water Company embodies a
-proposition from the Company, agreeing to adopt the suggestion of
-Messrs. Young, Scott and Hartshorne by “laying down a 12-inch pipe from
-the Ball Court, at the south end of Gottengen Street, to Brunswick
-Street, and thence continued south along Barrack Street to Sackville
-Street; and lead 6-inch branch pipes therefrom, down Sackville, Prince,
-George, Duke and Buckingham Streets, to Sackville Street; laying a new
-6-inch pipe along Hollis Street, between Sackville and Buckingham
-Streets; the branch pipes to have a suitable number of fire-plugs
-attached to them, and to be used solely for fire purposes; for the
-annual rent or sum of three hundred and fifty pounds.”
-
-The Committee have named the several papers in the order of their
-respective dates, but do not propose discussing them in that connexion.
-Indeed the whole subject naturally divides itself into two branches,—the
-improvement of the Fire Department, and an additional supply of Water.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-In reference to the Fire Department, the first topic the Committee had
-under consideration, and indeed, as far as they were capable of judging,
-the principal defect of the Department, was the admitted want of
-Firemen. The whole number of regular efficient Firemen, in the city,
-does not exceed one hundred, whereas, in the opinion of this Committee,
-there ought to be, at least, four hundred. Less than that number will
-not suffice for the proper working of the Engines. It then becomes a
-question whether the present Engine Company should be enlarged, or a new
-Company formed, with a different set of duties. The Committee incline to
-the latter view.
-
-If the business of the Union Engine Company were confined, solely, or
-chiefly, to the charge of the Engines, the Hose, and the Gear,—as,
-indeed, it should be,—it is the opinion of the most experienced Firemen,
-that the present Union Engine Company is strong enough for that purpose;
-all that is required, is a Company of able-bodied men to assist in
-working the Engines, after they are brought to the scene of action.
-Without any doubt, such a Company could be raised in the city; but a
-difficulty arose, as to the question of compensation. The Union Engine
-Company, as is well known, receive compensation by the remission of road
-money, and exemption from certain civic duties. A similar rule is
-followed in other cities, and in some—such as Boston, for
-instance—Firemen receive a direct remuneration in money.—In the last
-named city, in the year 1851, the amount paid for services of Firemen
-alone, without reference to any other expense of the Fire Department,
-exceeded fifteen thousand pounds,—a sum greater, in fact, than the whole
-revenue of our city. The pay of ordinary members of the Fire Companies
-in Boston, is one hundred dollars _per annum_, for each man.
-
-It is obvious, that we cannot venture to imitate such liberality as
-that. Neither is it to be forgotten, that the payment of three or four
-hundred men, either by remission of taxes, or by wages in money, would
-withdraw just so much, from our available resources. Take, for instance,
-the lowest sum proposed for direct payment—that is, ten dollars, a year,
-for each man. Three hundred men, at ten dollars each, will make £750; a
-sum which looks small, in comparison with the munificence of Boston; yet
-still, a very large sum for us. On the other hand, it has been urged,
-that any sum that we could afford to pay, would be really no
-consideration to any man above the condition of a pauper, and would fail
-to attract those whose co-operation it is most desirable to secure. If
-the respectable classes—the merchants, tradesmen, householders, and
-above all, the young men, natives or residents, of the city, would look
-at this matter in its proper light, there would be no necessity for the
-offering of any inducement, beyond what would be suggested by public
-duty, and mutual protection. In former times, there were Fire Companies
-in Halifax, and efficient ones too, based upon such principles; then why
-not reorganize such Companies? The Committee are convinced, it would be
-doing great injustice to the members of the Union Engine Company, to
-suppose, that they give their zealous and valuable services from no
-higher motive, than for the sake of the paltry privileges allowed them.
-
-The time may come, when the population and wealth of the city may
-warrant other arrangements, but in the meantime, and for some time to
-come, the Committee believe we must trust largely to voluntary exertion.
-It is, therefore, recommended, that a Company, or Companies, of not less
-than 50 able-bodied men, be raised in each of the six wards of the city,
-to be organized into one or more brigades, for the purpose of assisting
-at Fires, by working the Engines; and that the duty of organizing said
-Companies, in all 300 men, be left in the hands of the Firewards. The
-Committee have much pleasure in adding, that the Chairman of Firewards,
-D. Murray, Esq., has entered warmly into the project, and has
-undertaken, with the aid of his fellow-citizens, to carry it out.
-
-The Committee cannot dismiss this part of the subject without some
-reference to the Military and Naval Departments. On behalf of the
-citizens, the Committee acknowledge with gratitude, the exertions of Her
-Majesty’s Soldiers and Sailors, at Fires, in times past; but it is not
-to be denied, that the presence and active assistance, of so large a
-force of disciplined men, on such occasions, has led to a most culpable
-supineness, on the part of the inhabitants generally.
-
-This state of affairs is not creditable, and has not unfrequently served
-to promote feelings of jealousy and irritation, which it is hoped, the
-formation of the proposed Company, will in future, have a tendency to
-prevent. At the same time, it is gratifying to perceive that the General
-Commanding has freely tendered the use of the Troops, in future, at
-Fires,—provided, the proper application be made for their services.
-
-Upon the suggestion of the Firewards, the Committee recommend, that His
-Worship, the Mayor, or the Chairman of Firewards, may have power to make
-application to the General Commanding, for the use of the Troops at
-Fires; and that, in the absence of His Worship the Mayor, any two
-Aldermen; or in the absence of the Chairman of Firewards, any two
-Firewards, shall have the same power.
-
-The question of Steam Fire Engines next engaged the attention of the
-Committee. These machines, it appears, are coming into extensive use in
-other places. They have been successfully introduced into the Fire
-Departments of Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston, and other cities in the
-United States. In Boston, there are several, which are said to be
-working very satisfactorily. The Mayor of Boston states that, they are
-gradually taken the place of the common Hand-engines, and that, in
-consequence of their introduction, he hopes next year, to be able to
-reduce the expense of the Fire Department, some 20 or 30 thousand
-dollars.
-
-The exertion necessary to work fire engines, by hand labour, is so
-exhausting, that it is very desirable steam power should be used, if
-possible. To be really useful, however, with us, Steam Fire Engines
-should be portable, and constructed on such a principle, as not to be
-easily put out of order. From the Report of the Special Committee
-appointed to make trial of Steam Fire Engines in Boston, last year, it
-appears, that of 4 Engines—the best that could be procured—one weighed,
-7,330 lbs., another, 7,480 lbs., another, 9,330 lbs., and the fourth,
-9,415 lbs. The shortest time occupied in raising steam to 60 lbs.
-pressure, from cold water, was 10½ minutes. The greatest horizontal
-distance thrown of a single stream of 1¼ inches, through 200 feet of
-hose, was 163 feet, and the greatest vertical height 110 feet. This does
-not seem a very wonderful performance, but the advantage is, that a
-Steam Engine would continue to throw such a stream as long as it was
-supplied with fire and water. On the other hand, the weight, being three
-or four tons, would require, at least four horses to move one of them on
-a level, and six horses, when it would be necessary to ascend a hill.
-The cost of one of these Engines, in Boston, is about three thousand
-dollars.
-
-As a Steam Fire Engine would be of comparatively little use, until the
-city is better supplied with water, and as it is highly probable that a
-cheaper and lighter class of steam machines will be introduced before
-long, the Committee think it would be wise to make further enquiry
-before purchasing a Steam Fire Engine, and suggest that His Worship the
-Mayor shall take such steps, by correspondence, or otherwise, as will
-put the Council in possession of the latest information on this point.
-
-This brings the Report to the discussion of what is after all, the real
-difficulty—the obtaining of a more abundant supply of water.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-The Directors of the Halifax Water Company, in a statement recently
-submitted to the public, complain of some want of courtesy, on the part
-of the City Council, and of this Committee, in reference to their
-proposition, previously described. The Committee regret this slight
-misunderstanding, as they are very sure the omission adverted to, was
-accidental, and was not intended to be disrespectful.
-
-There is, however, an inconsistency in the statement of the Water
-Company. The document sets out by shewing the anxiety of the Directors
-to give an additional supply of water, and to make such arrangements as
-would ensure the city against the recurrence of terrible visitations by
-Fire; thereby intimating their opinion, that a better supply was
-required.—In the concluding part of the same statement, they undertake
-to prove, very confidently, that on the night of 9th September last,
-there was an ample supply of water in the pipes; some of the plugs being
-so full as to burst the hose; and that the alleged inefficiency was not
-in accordance with the facts. If such was really the case, the Committee
-cannot understand how the Directors of the Water Company can expect the
-city to pay three hundred and fifty pounds yearly, for an additional
-supply of water, for fire purposes, when, it may be inferred from their
-argument, an additional supply was unnecessary.
-
-Apart from this discrepancy, the Directors of the Water Company, now
-propose to lay down a 12-inch pipe, by the Ball Court to Brunswick
-Street; thence south by Barrack Street to Sackville Street, with 6-inch
-pipes down all the intermediate streets; and a 6-inch pipe in Hollis
-Street, from Sackville to Buckingham Streets.
-
-The Committee have no doubt this would be an improvement as far as it
-goes; though it differs, very widely, from the views of Mr. Stone, the
-gentleman sent out from England to enquire into the cause of the late
-Fire. According to Mr. Stone’s notions, as detailed by him, in a
-memorandum submitted to the Committee, there should be a main pipe of
-not less than 3 feet, from the Long Lake to St. Andrew’s Cross; then a 2
-feet main to the south end of Barrack Street, and another, to the north
-end of Brunswick Street, with 12-inch mains in every principal street of
-the city.
-
-It may be said, these are merely the opinions of an Agent of the
-Insurance Offices, and that his views are extreme; yet it should be
-remembered that Mr. Stone has had very large and long experience in such
-matters, which ought, in justice, to give his opinions great weight. St.
-John, New Brunswick, is supplied by a 12-inch and a 24-inch main; the
-24-inch main being, of itself, equal to five 12-inch mains. These two
-main pipes empty into a tank, which again supplies 6 mains of 12 inches
-each, which, with other main pipes, chiefly 10-inch—and none less than
-4-inch—are distributed over the city.—There are 93 fire plugs in St.
-John, exclusive of 18 in Portland,—while we have but 43.
-
-But even supposing the proposed additions of the Water Company to be
-sufficient for the central part of the city,—it is evident, that after
-the additional pipes are laid, the north and south districts of the city
-will be quite as badly provided as before. The offer of the Water
-Company, in fact, proposes to protect a part of the city, in
-consideration of a certain sum, which must, of course, be derived from
-assessment levied upon the whole; with this additional disadvantage,
-that were a Fire to break out in the part unprotected,—which is chiefly
-of wood,—it might gain such headway, as to endanger every part alike. It
-does not affect the argument, that the new pipes are to be laid down in
-the most valuable business portions of the city; inasmuch, as the north
-and south districts include vast numbers of houses both of rich and
-poor; and surely, it must be admitted, that the lives and dwellings of,
-at least, one half of the population, most of whom would pay their
-proportion of the fire tax, are as much entitled to protection, as the
-warehouses and merchandize of the other half.
-
-The Committee are of opinion that £350 in addition to the £650 already
-paid, is too large a sum to pay yearly, for a protection, limited in
-extent, and of somewhat doubtful efficiency. They recommend, therefore,
-that the offer of the Water Company be not accepted.
-
-The two remaining topics are the most important of all, as they
-contemplate large operations, and heavy expenditures.
-
-At this stage of the enquiry, it may not be uninteresting, nor
-uninstructive, to shew, what efforts other cities have made, to obtain
-the inestimable benefits, of an abundant supply of pure water.
-
-The New Water Works of Glasgow, lately inaugurated by Her Majesty the
-Queen, cost a million and a half of pounds sterling, or about three
-pounds sterling per head of the population. The Liverpool Water Works
-cost about the same sum. New York has expended twenty millions of
-dollars on her Water Works, or about forty dollars per head of the
-population, and the works are still in progress. The Boston Cochituate
-Works have cost some six millions of dollars, or about thirty dollars
-per head; while in our own British Provinces, Montreal has expended four
-hundred and twenty thousand pounds, or twenty-four dollars per head, and
-Quebec two hundred and twenty-eight thousand pounds, or twenty dollars
-per head. To come still nearer home, we may instance St. John, New
-Brunswick. The population of St. John is not much greater than the
-population of Halifax; her wealth and resources, certainly not superior
-to our own. St. John has embarked one hundred thousand pounds in her
-Water Works, and considers the investment, one of the best, in every
-sense, ever made for the city.
-
-It will thus be seen, that we are somewhat behind the age, in this, as
-in some other matters. To be prepared for a liberal outlay, in some mode
-or other, is in fact, scarcely optional with us any longer. If we refuse
-to pay for water, we will be obliged to pay a larger tax in some other
-way. Supposing the rates of insurance to be doubled—as they may be;
-there is, at once, an extra sum of ten or twelve thousand pounds to be
-paid, every year, in cash—a sum more than sufficient to pay the interest
-on a capital of £150,000. To say nothing of protection from Fire, and
-the large amount which would be saved in the way of insurance, which a
-really efficient system of Water Works would give us, there are the
-additional considerations of health, cleanliness, and the promotion of
-manufacturing industry. Then, there is the question of Sewerage, which,
-before many years, will be forced upon this Council, but which, without
-an abundance of water, will be absolutely unmanageable. It is impossible
-to over-estimate the beneficial effects of a plentiful supply of water.
-It would be worth some thousands of pounds, every year, if our city
-could, thereby, be effectually relieved of the one single nuisance of
-dust, which every Summer pollutes our atmosphere, and spoils our goods.
-The Committee trust these remarks will not be deemed irrelevant.
-
-The Resolutions of Alderman Twining, in reference to the purchase of the
-Halifax Water Company’s Works, are, of course, based upon the
-presumption, that the Company are willing to sell. The Committee have
-reason to believe this to be the fact, though they are not, at present,
-in a position to state, precisely, what sum would be required for the
-purchase. It certainly, however, would not exceed £50,000; probably,
-something less than that amount would suffice.
-
-Upon the general principle involved in Alderman Twining’s Resolutions,
-the Committee think there can hardly be much difference of opinion. They
-are firmly persuaded, it would be greatly to the advantage of the
-community, for the city government to have control of all such works.
-But there are some grave points which ought to be discussed, previous to
-the opening of negotiations with the Water Company. To make these works
-thoroughly efficient, for every requirement of the city, and having
-reference to the future, as well as the present,—an expenditure of not
-less than forty or fifty thousand pounds, will be necessary. This is a
-startling statement, but, upon examination, it will be found to be not
-very wide of the mark.
-
-It is a well known fact, that the water will not rise, with any force,
-in the north suburbs of the city; in the vicinity of the North Barracks,
-for instance; which, before ten years will be a very populous district.
-It is laid down, as a rule of engineering, that the efficiency and value
-of any system of water supply, is in direct proportion to the quantity
-of water which can be stored with sufficient head, as near as possible
-to the points of consumption. The water systems of New York and Boston,
-though so enormously costly, are said, still, to be defective, from the
-want of head pressure; the nature of the ground not permitting better
-arrangements. These defects, in the water systems of the cities alluded
-to, are in some measure remedied, by larger main pipes, and by
-reservoirs.
-
-Now, it has been ascertained by the actual measurements of Mr. Gossip,
-that the plug at the corner of North and Gottingen Streets is, in fact,
-higher than the point where the water pipes diverge at St. Andrew’s
-Cross; while the long ridge to the westward and northward of North
-Street, is 197 feet above low water mark,—being as high, if not higher,
-than the surface level of the Long Lake. When it is borne in mind, in
-addition, that the lake itself, is five miles distant, without any
-intervening reservoir,—we have in these facts, a sufficient explanation
-of the inefficiency of the Water Works at the North end of the city. The
-same reasoning applies though in a less degree, to the south suburbs,
-where the ground is lower; yet the distance, operating with an extended
-system of distribution, deprives the water of the necessary force.
-
-To make the present Water Works, therefore, thoroughly efficient, for
-fire purposes, and for the supply of every part of the city, would
-involve, first,—the laying down of larger pipes, from the lake, and
-through the city; second,—the construction of a reservoir sufficiently
-elevated to command the highest streets; and thirdly,—the cost of
-machinery, suitable for the purpose of keeping the reservoir always full
-of water.
-
-The Committee are under the impression, that the improvements indicated,
-cannot be effected, at a cost, much, if any, less than the sum named. It
-is true, that for many purposes, the present Water Works, might be made
-with a comparatively small outlay, to answer tolerably well for some
-years to come; but in the all-important matter of protection from fire,
-it is their belief, that any patching of the present system, is mere
-trifling; the only result of which will be, to waste money, and to
-engender a false security; which may possibly terminate in some
-calamity, more serious than any that has yet occurred. When the water
-was first introduced into St. John—some years ago—the engineer
-recommended the laying down of a 24 inch instead of a 12 inch main, but
-the difference of cost—some £12,000, was thought to be an insuperable
-objection, and the 12 inch main was laid. Not many years after, the
-citizens of our sister city, lost one hundred and fifty thousand pounds,
-in one night, simply from the want of a sufficient supply of water.
-
-It was the inefficiency of our Water Works for fire purposes, that first
-turned Mr. Edward Longard’s attention to this subject. The Committee
-will leave the further consideration of Alderman Twining’s Resolutions,
-for the present, in order to explain Mr. Longard’s scheme. As an
-intelligent native mechanic, and an experienced fireman, who has devoted
-much time, and thought, to the question of water supply, it is but fair
-to Mr. Longard, to state his views in detail.
-
-Starting with the conviction, that the Long Lake can never afford
-sufficient head pressure, by the natural power of gravitation,—Mr.
-Longard proposes to bring the water from the Birch Cove Lakes, into a
-Reservoir, to be built on Shaffroth’s hill, and thence, by three main
-pipes into the city,—one for the north—another for the middle—and
-another for the south district. The Birch Cove Lakes having an elevation
-of 237 feet, which might be raised by damming to 240, or even to 245
-feet, would be sufficient, without mechanical aids, to fill the
-reservoir on Shaffroth’s hill; the summit of which is some 230 feet
-above the sea, and admirably situated for commanding the whole city.
-From this height, the water would descend upon the city, throughout its
-whole length, with such force, that the present Engine Company would be
-able, without assistance, either from the citizens, or the military, to
-subdue a fire, in far less time, than it could possibly be accomplished
-by 500 men, with the present defective water-system.
-
-“By the proposed scheme, 16 efficient jets could be concentrated on any
-point in the city below Barrack street, each jet delivering, at least,
-100 gallons a minute—in all 1600 gallons each minute; and in all the
-higher and suburban parts of the city an ample supply would be
-furnished.”
-
-Mr. Longard computes the cost of this work not to exceed £40,000, and
-that the interest and other annual expenses, would not be over £2600,
-while the saving in insurance alone, would be, at least, double that
-amount; leaving a yearly surplus, of clear gain to the citizens, of some
-£2500.
-
-The Committee are free to admit, that, in their judgment, Mr. Longard’s
-scheme is simple and intelligible, and supported by facts and arguments,
-which cannot fail to produce a strong impression on the public mind. The
-calculation of saving, in the item of insurance, is a most modest one,
-Mr. Longard having based it upon a supposed reduction of one-eighth per
-cent, while the probability is, that one half per cent would be much
-nearer the truth. The very first year after the introduction of the
-Croton Water into New York, the premiums of insurance were reduced, on
-an average, 40 cents on the hundred, while the expenses of the Fire
-Department, which had previously been seventy thousand dollars, fell the
-same year, to thirty thousand. The want of water, this year, will impose
-an extra tax, upon our own citizens, of certainly not less than ten
-thousand pounds.
-
-Were there no Water Works already in Halifax, the Committee would have
-no hesitation in recommending Mr. Longard’s scheme for the adoption of
-the Council. There are, however, certain advantages to be derived from
-the purchase of the Water Company’s Works, which ought not to be
-overlooked. There is the great advantage of having so much work already
-done, and an income at once available; which income, the Committee
-believe, might be considerably increased, by judicious management, under
-civic control, without becoming a grievance to any citizen.
-
-The Committee are very loth to assume the responsibility of advising in
-this matter, but they have arrived at certain conclusions, which they
-now submit for the consideration of the Council.
-
-                  *       *       *       *       *
-
-The present Committee was called into existence, chiefly for the purpose
-of considering the best mode of obtaining a larger supply of water for
-fire purposes; but the Resolutions of Alderman Twining, which were
-submitted to the Council previous to the Great Fire, having been
-referred to this Committee,—the field of enquiry is, thereby,
-proportionally enlarged. Indeed, the Committee feel, that they have now
-the whole question of water supply for the city before them, and the
-exigencies of the time demand, that it should be dealt with in a
-comprehensive spirit.
-
-Taking this broad view of the question, the Committee, then, have two
-schemes presented for their consideration; either of which, for about
-the same cost, it is believed, may be made to answer every requirement
-of the city; and to each of which, certain peculiar advantages, and
-disadvantages, appertain.
-
-Supposing the purchase of the Halifax Water Company’s Works, which, at
-present, barely suffice for domestic purposes, to require £50,000; it
-would require another £50,000, to make them efficient for fire purposes,
-and for the supply of the upper parts of the city. But an advantage
-would be gained by having a great part of the work already completed.
-
-On the other hand, supposing Mr. Longard’s scheme to be adopted; the
-carrying out of this scheme, solely for fire purposes, would cost some
-forty or fifty thousand pounds, while to extend it through the city, so
-as to make it available for every purpose, would cost some fifty
-thousands additional; beside keeping the streets in confusion for years
-to come.
-
-It is thus apparent, that neither scheme is perfect, and that either
-scheme fully developed, so as to be made capable of supplying the wants
-of the whole city, would cost, somewhere in the neighbourhood of
-£100,000.
-
-Such being the state of the case, and assuming no better plan to be
-presented to the Council, the Committee suggest, whether, upon the
-whole, it would not be best for the city, partially to adopt both
-schemes, and thereby secure the advantages of each, without incurring
-the inconveniences of either. The Committee have an impression that the
-present Water Works could be purchased, and put in good working order,
-for a sum, not exceeding £50,000; and that for another £50,000—perhaps
-for less money—an ample supply might be obtained, by Mr. Longard’s
-scheme, for fire purposes, and for the supply of the higher parts of the
-city. The cost of both schemes, would thus, not exceed, what it would be
-necessary to expend, to make either scheme perfect; and the city would
-enjoy the unquestionable benefit of having two sources of water supply,
-instead of one.
-
-The Committee do not consider it any part of their duty, to suggest the
-mode, by which the capital, necessary for these operations, may be
-raised; yet it is their conviction, that in a financial point of view,
-the enterprise would be a safe one.—A fire tax, levied upon real estate,
-would meet the interest of half the capital; and the other half would be
-more than met, by the revenue derivable from consumers.
-
-The Committee present the above view of the case, as the best practical
-solution of a perplexing problem which, at this time, occurs to their
-minds,—reserving to themselves, of course, the right to adopt any more
-feasible plan that may be suggested.
-
-As a preliminary step, however, and taking all the circumstances into
-consideration, the Committee finally recommend:
-
-That the City Council shall, forthwith, or as soon as may be
-convenient—consult some competent and experienced Engineer, whose advice
-and opinions may enable the Council to decide, what is best to be done,
-in order to accomplish the desired end.
-
-This course was adopted by the city of St. John, in like circumstances;
-as well as by Montreal and Quebec; and from the Report, lately
-published, it appears, that a precisely similar course was pursued, by
-the Common Council of Glasgow, before they embarked in that splendid
-scheme, by which they have recently introduced the water into the city
-from Loch Katrine.
-
-The Committee cannot be supposed to know, and do not pretend to know,
-more of the matter under discussion than many of their fellow-citizens.
-They have endeavoured to discharge a very difficult task to the best of
-their ability, in the hope that such measures will ultimately be adopted
-by the Council, in reference to the supply of water, as will meet the
-expectations, and satisfy the present and future demands, of the whole
-community.
-
-In conclusion, the Committee have to acknowledge the friendly
-co-operation and assistance of His Worship the Mayor, the Chairman and
-Ex-Chairman of Firewards, Mr. Muir, Superintendent of the Halifax Water
-Works, and of several members of the Fire Department. They have also to
-tender their thanks to F. W. Lincoln, Junr., Esq., Mayor of Boston, and
-John M. Walker, Esq., Commissioner of Water Works at St. John, New
-Brunswick, for much valuable information, furnished with obliging
-promptitude.
-
-                               All of which is respectfully submitted,
-                                                     JOHN A. BELL,
-                                                             _Chairman_.
-
- HALIFAX, N. S., 2ND DECEMBER, 1859.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
-                          TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
-
-
- 1. Silently corrected typographical errors.
- 2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.
- 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report of a special committee of the
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-<pre>
-
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Report of a special committee of the City
-Council, on the improvement of the Fire D, by City Council Halifax (N.S.)
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
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-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-Title: Report of a special committee of the City Council, on the improvement of the Fire Department
-       and also, on the best means of obtaining an additional
-              supply of water for fire purposes, for the city of Halifax,
-              N.S.
-
-Author: City Council Halifax (N.S.)
-
-Release Date: December 25, 2016 [EBook #53803]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT OF A SPECIAL COMMITTEE ***
-
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-produced from images generously made available by The
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-
-
-<div class='tnotes covernote'>
-
-<p class='c000'><strong>Transcriber's Note:</strong></p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div>
-  <h1 class='c001'>REPORT<br /> <span class='small'>OF A</span><br /> <span class='xlarge'>Special Committee of the City Council,</span><br /> <span class='small'>ON THE</span><br /> <span class='xlarge'>IMPROVEMENT</span><br /> <span class='small'>OF THE</span><br /> FIRE DEPARTMENT.<br /> <span class='small'>AND ALSO,</span><br /> <span class='large'>ON THE BEST MEANS OF OBTAINING AN ADDITIONAL SUPPLY OF WATER FOR FIRE PURPOSES, FOR THE CITY OF HALIFAX, N. S.</span></h1>
-</div>
-
-<div class='nf-center-c1'>
-<div class='nf-center c002'>
-    <div><span class='large'>HALIFAX, N. S.:</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>JAMES BARNES &amp; CO., PRINTERS.</span></div>
-    <div><span class='large'>1859.</span></div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <span class='pageno' id='Page_1'>1</span>
-  <h2 class='c004'>REPORT.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class='c005'>The Committee appointed to take into consideration,
-the condition of the Fire Department of this City, and also,
-the best means of obtaining an additional supply of Water,
-for Fire purposes, beg to present their Report.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Before proceeding to the subject matter of their Report,
-the Committee deem it due to themselves, and to the community,
-to make one or two explanations, by way of accounting
-for apparent neglect of a most important enquiry. The Committee
-was first appointed, immediately subsequent to the
-great conflagration of 9th September, but they had scarcely
-commenced their labours, when the Committee was disorganized,
-by the retirement of several members, consequent upon
-the Annual Civic Elections. The choice of officers and other
-necessary business, prevented the appointment of a new Committee
-until late in October, since which time, the members
-of this Committee, being much occupied with other Committees,
-as well as with their own private affairs, it was not possible
-to report at an earlier date.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Committee, also, take this opportunity of stating, that
-they do not hold themselves accountable for any communications,
-anonymous or otherwise, upon this question, which may
-have appeared in the newspapers.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Committee have directed their attention to the several
-papers submitted to them by the Council; as follows:</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>1st. Memorial of Edward J. Longard; received by the
-City Council 11th March, 1859.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>2nd. Memorandum of Alderman Twining; submitted 9th
-August, 1859.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>3rd. Letter from Hon. Wm. Young, A. Scott and H.
-Hartshorne to His Worship the Mayor, dated 12th September,
-1859.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_2'>2</span>4th. Letter from the Secretary of the Halifax Water Company
-to His Worship the Mayor, dated 13th September, 1859.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Memorial of Mr. Longard, proposes a scheme for supplying
-the City with Water, for Fire purposes, exclusively;—the
-supply to be drawn from the Birch Cove Lakes.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Memorandum of Alderman Twining suggests the
-appointment of a Committee, to enquire into the expediency,
-and feasibility, of purchasing the Water Works, and property,
-of the Halifax Water Company.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Messrs. Young, Scott and Hartshorne’s Letter has reference
-to the late Fire, and makes certain suggestions, relating thereto,
-such as, the laying down of additional Water Pipes, the
-use of Steam Fire Engines, and the enlargement of the Fire
-Companies.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Communication from the Secretary of the Water Company
-embodies a proposition from the Company, agreeing to
-adopt the suggestion of Messrs. Young, Scott and Hartshorne
-by “laying down a 12-inch pipe from the Ball Court, at the
-south end of Gottengen Street, to Brunswick Street, and
-thence continued south along Barrack Street to Sackville
-Street; and lead 6-inch branch pipes therefrom, down Sackville,
-Prince, George, Duke and Buckingham Streets, to
-Sackville Street; laying a new 6-inch pipe along Hollis Street,
-between Sackville and Buckingham Streets; the branch pipes
-to have a suitable number of fire-plugs attached to them, and
-to be used solely for fire purposes; for the annual rent or sum
-of three hundred and fifty pounds.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Committee have named the several papers in the order
-of their respective dates, but do not propose discussing
-them in that connexion. Indeed the whole subject naturally
-divides itself into two branches,—the improvement of the
-Fire Department, and an additional supply of Water.</p>
-
-<hr class='c006' />
-
-<p class='c000'>In reference to the Fire Department, the first topic the
-Committee had under consideration, and indeed, as far as they
-were capable of judging, the principal defect of the Department,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span>was the admitted want of Firemen. The whole number
-of regular efficient Firemen, in the city, does not exceed
-one hundred, whereas, in the opinion of this Committee, there
-ought to be, at least, four hundred. Less than that number
-will not suffice for the proper working of the Engines. It
-then becomes a question whether the present Engine Company
-should be enlarged, or a new Company formed, with a
-different set of duties. The Committee incline to the latter
-view.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>If the business of the Union Engine Company were confined,
-solely, or chiefly, to the charge of the Engines, the
-Hose, and the Gear,—as, indeed, it should be,—it is the opinion
-of the most experienced Firemen, that the present Union
-Engine Company is strong enough for that purpose; all that
-is required, is a Company of able-bodied men to assist in
-working the Engines, after they are brought to the scene of
-action. Without any doubt, such a Company could be raised
-in the city; but a difficulty arose, as to the question of compensation.
-The Union Engine Company, as is well known,
-receive compensation by the remission of road money, and
-exemption from certain civic duties. A similar rule is followed
-in other cities, and in some—such as Boston, for instance—Firemen
-receive a direct remuneration in money.—In
-the last named city, in the year 1851, the amount paid for
-services of Firemen alone, without reference to any other expense
-of the Fire Department, exceeded fifteen thousand
-pounds,—a sum greater, in fact, than the whole revenue of
-our city. The pay of ordinary members of the Fire Companies
-in Boston, is one hundred dollars <i><span lang="la" xml:lang="la">per annum</span></i>, for each
-man.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It is obvious, that we cannot venture to imitate such liberality
-as that. Neither is it to be forgotten, that the payment
-of three or four hundred men, either by remission of taxes,
-or by wages in money, would withdraw just so much, from
-our available resources. Take, for instance, the lowest sum
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_4'>4</span>proposed for direct payment—that is, ten dollars, a year, for
-each man. Three hundred men, at ten dollars each, will
-make £750; a sum which looks small, in comparison with
-the munificence of Boston; yet still, a very large sum for us.
-On the other hand, it has been urged, that any sum that we
-could afford to pay, would be really no consideration to any
-man above the condition of a pauper, and would fail to attract
-those whose co-operation it is most desirable to secure. If
-the respectable classes—the merchants, tradesmen, householders,
-and above all, the young men, natives or residents,
-of the city, would look at this matter in its proper light, there
-would be no necessity for the offering of any inducement, beyond
-what would be suggested by public duty, and mutual
-protection. In former times, there were Fire Companies in
-Halifax, and efficient ones too, based upon such principles;
-then why not reorganize such Companies? The Committee
-are convinced, it would be doing great injustice to the members
-of the Union Engine Company, to suppose, that they
-give their zealous and valuable services from no higher motive,
-than for the sake of the paltry privileges allowed them.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The time may come, when the population and wealth of
-the city may warrant other arrangements, but in the meantime,
-and for some time to come, the Committee believe we
-must trust largely to voluntary exertion. It is, therefore, recommended,
-that a Company, or Companies, of not less than
-50 able-bodied men, be raised in each of the six wards of
-the city, to be organized into one or more brigades, for the
-purpose of assisting at Fires, by working the Engines; and
-that the duty of organizing said Companies, in all 300 men,
-be left in the hands of the Firewards. The Committee have
-much pleasure in adding, that the Chairman of Firewards, D.
-Murray, Esq., has entered warmly into the project, and has
-undertaken, with the aid of his fellow-citizens, to carry it out.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Committee cannot dismiss this part of the subject without
-some reference to the Military and Naval Departments.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span>On behalf of the citizens, the Committee acknowledge with
-gratitude, the exertions of Her Majesty’s Soldiers and Sailors,
-at Fires, in times past; but it is not to be denied, that the
-presence and active assistance, of so large a force of disciplined
-men, on such occasions, has led to a most culpable supineness,
-on the part of the inhabitants generally.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>This state of affairs is not creditable, and has not unfrequently
-served to promote feelings of jealousy and irritation,
-which it is hoped, the formation of the proposed Company,
-will in future, have a tendency to prevent. At the same
-time, it is gratifying to perceive that the General Commanding
-has freely tendered the use of the Troops, in future, at
-Fires,—provided, the proper application be made for their
-services.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Upon the suggestion of the Firewards, the Committee recommend,
-that His Worship, the Mayor, or the Chairman of
-Firewards, may have power to make application to the General
-Commanding, for the use of the Troops at Fires; and
-that, in the absence of His Worship the Mayor, any two Aldermen;
-or in the absence of the Chairman of Firewards,
-any two Firewards, shall have the same power.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The question of Steam Fire Engines next engaged the attention
-of the Committee. These machines, it appears, are
-coming into extensive use in other places. They have been
-successfully introduced into the Fire Departments of Philadelphia,
-Baltimore, Boston, and other cities in the United States.
-In Boston, there are several, which are said to be working
-very satisfactorily. The Mayor of Boston states that, they
-are gradually taken the place of the common Hand-engines,
-and that, in consequence of their introduction, he hopes next
-year, to be able to reduce the expense of the Fire Department,
-some 20 or 30 thousand dollars.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The exertion necessary to work fire engines, by hand labour,
-is so exhausting, that it is very desirable steam power
-should be used, if possible. To be really useful, however,
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_6'>6</span>with us, Steam Fire Engines should be portable, and constructed
-on such a principle, as not to be easily put out of order.
-From the Report of the Special Committee appointed
-to make trial of Steam Fire Engines in Boston, last year, it
-appears, that of 4 Engines—the best that could be procured—one
-weighed, 7,330 lbs., another, 7,480 lbs., another,
-9,330 lbs., and the fourth, 9,415 lbs. The shortest time occupied
-in raising steam to 60 lbs. pressure, from cold water,
-was 10½ minutes. The greatest horizontal distance thrown
-of a single stream of 1¼ inches, through 200 feet of hose, was
-163 feet, and the greatest vertical height 110 feet. This does
-not seem a very wonderful performance, but the advantage is,
-that a Steam Engine would continue to throw such a stream
-as long as it was supplied with fire and water. On the other
-hand, the weight, being three or four tons, would require, at
-least four horses to move one of them on a level, and six
-horses, when it would be necessary to ascend a hill. The
-cost of one of these Engines, in Boston, is about three thousand
-dollars.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>As a Steam Fire Engine would be of comparatively little
-use, until the city is better supplied with water, and as it is
-highly probable that a cheaper and lighter class of steam
-machines will be introduced before long, the Committee
-think it would be wise to make further enquiry before purchasing
-a Steam Fire Engine, and suggest that His Worship
-the Mayor shall take such steps, by correspondence, or otherwise,
-as will put the Council in possession of the latest information
-on this point.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>This brings the Report to the discussion of what is after
-all, the real difficulty—the obtaining of a more abundant supply
-of water.</p>
-
-<hr class='c006' />
-
-<p class='c000'>The Directors of the Halifax Water Company, in a statement
-recently submitted to the public, complain of some want
-of courtesy, on the part of the City Council, and of this Committee,
-in reference to their proposition, previously described.
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span>The Committee regret this slight misunderstanding, as they
-are very sure the omission adverted to, was accidental, and
-was not intended to be disrespectful.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>There is, however, an inconsistency in the statement of the
-Water Company. The document sets out by shewing the
-anxiety of the Directors to give an additional supply of water,
-and to make such arrangements as would ensure the city
-against the recurrence of terrible visitations by Fire; thereby
-intimating their opinion, that a better supply was required.—In
-the concluding part of the same statement, they undertake
-to prove, very confidently, that on the night of 9th September
-last, there was an ample supply of water in the pipes; some
-of the plugs being so full as to burst the hose; and that the
-alleged inefficiency was not in accordance with the facts. If
-such was really the case, the Committee cannot understand
-how the Directors of the Water Company can expect the city
-to pay three hundred and fifty pounds yearly, for an additional
-supply of water, for fire purposes, when, it may be inferred
-from their argument, an additional supply was unnecessary.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Apart from this discrepancy, the Directors of the Water
-Company, now propose to lay down a 12-inch pipe, by the
-Ball Court to Brunswick Street; thence south by Barrack
-Street to Sackville Street, with 6-inch pipes down all the intermediate
-streets; and a 6-inch pipe in Hollis Street, from
-Sackville to Buckingham Streets.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Committee have no doubt this would be an improvement
-as far as it goes; though it differs, very widely, from the
-views of Mr. Stone, the gentleman sent out from England to
-enquire into the cause of the late Fire. According to Mr.
-Stone’s notions, as detailed by him, in a memorandum submitted
-to the Committee, there should be a main pipe of not less
-than 3 feet, from the Long Lake to St. Andrew’s Cross; then
-a 2 feet main to the south end of Barrack Street, and another,
-to the north end of Brunswick Street, with 12-inch mains in
-every principal street of the city.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>It may be said, these are merely the opinions of an Agent
-of the Insurance Offices, and that his views are extreme; yet
-it should be remembered that Mr. Stone has had very large
-and long experience in such matters, which ought, in justice,
-to give his opinions great weight. St. John, New Brunswick,
-is supplied by a 12-inch and a 24-inch main; the 24-inch main
-being, of itself, equal to five 12-inch mains. These two main
-pipes empty into a tank, which again supplies 6 mains of 12
-inches each, which, with other main pipes, chiefly 10-inch—and
-none less than 4-inch—are distributed over the city.—There
-are 93 fire plugs in St. John, exclusive of 18 in Portland,—while
-we have but 43.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>But even supposing the proposed additions of the Water
-Company to be sufficient for the central part of the city,—it
-is evident, that after the additional pipes are laid, the north
-and south districts of the city will be quite as badly provided
-as before. The offer of the Water Company, in fact, proposes
-to protect a part of the city, in consideration of a certain
-sum, which must, of course, be derived from assessment levied
-upon the whole; with this additional disadvantage, that were
-a Fire to break out in the part unprotected,—which is chiefly
-of wood,—it might gain such headway, as to endanger every
-part alike. It does not affect the argument, that the new pipes
-are to be laid down in the most valuable business portions of
-the city; inasmuch, as the north and south districts include
-vast numbers of houses both of rich and poor; and surely, it
-must be admitted, that the lives and dwellings of, at least,
-one half of the population, most of whom would pay their proportion
-of the fire tax, are as much entitled to protection, as
-the warehouses and merchandize of the other half.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Committee are of opinion that £350 in addition to the
-£650 already paid, is too large a sum to pay yearly, for a protection,
-limited in extent, and of somewhat doubtful efficiency.
-They recommend, therefore, that the offer of the Water Company
-be not accepted.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'><span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>The two remaining topics are the most important of all, as
-they contemplate large operations, and heavy expenditures.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>At this stage of the enquiry, it may not be uninteresting,
-nor uninstructive, to shew, what efforts other cities have made,
-to obtain the inestimable benefits, of an abundant supply of
-pure water.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The New Water Works of Glasgow, lately inaugurated by
-Her Majesty the Queen, cost a million and a half of pounds
-sterling, or about three pounds sterling per head of the population.
-The Liverpool Water Works cost about the same
-sum. New York has expended twenty millions of dollars on
-her Water Works, or about forty dollars per head of the population,
-and the works are still in progress. The Boston
-Cochituate Works have cost some six millions of dollars, or
-about thirty dollars per head; while in our own British Provinces,
-Montreal has expended four hundred and twenty
-thousand pounds, or twenty-four dollars per head, and Quebec
-two hundred and twenty-eight thousand pounds, or twenty
-dollars per head. To come still nearer home, we may instance
-St. John, New Brunswick. The population of St. John
-is not much greater than the population of Halifax; her wealth
-and resources, certainly not superior to our own. St. John
-has embarked one hundred thousand pounds in her Water
-Works, and considers the investment, one of the best, in every
-sense, ever made for the city.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It will thus be seen, that we are somewhat behind the age,
-in this, as in some other matters. To be prepared for a liberal
-outlay, in some mode or other, is in fact, scarcely optional
-with us any longer. If we refuse to pay for water, we will
-be obliged to pay a larger tax in some other way. Supposing
-the rates of insurance to be doubled—as they may be; there
-is, at once, an extra sum of ten or twelve thousand pounds to
-be paid, every year, in cash—a sum more than sufficient to
-pay the interest on a capital of £150,000. To say nothing
-of protection from Fire, and the large amount which would
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>be saved in the way of insurance, which a really efficient system
-of Water Works would give us, there are the additional
-considerations of health, cleanliness, and the promotion of manufacturing
-industry. Then, there is the question of Sewerage,
-which, before many years, will be forced upon this Council,
-but which, without an abundance of water, will be absolutely
-unmanageable. It is impossible to over-estimate the
-beneficial effects of a plentiful supply of water. It would be
-worth some thousands of pounds, every year, if our city could,
-thereby, be effectually relieved of the one single nuisance of
-dust, which every Summer pollutes our atmosphere, and spoils
-our goods. The Committee trust these remarks will not be
-deemed irrelevant.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Resolutions of Alderman Twining, in reference to the
-purchase of the Halifax Water Company’s Works, are, of
-course, based upon the presumption, that the Company are
-willing to sell. The Committee have reason to believe this
-to be the fact, though they are not, at present, in a position
-to state, precisely, what sum would be required for the purchase.
-It certainly, however, would not exceed £50,000;
-probably, something less than that amount would suffice.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Upon the general principle involved in Alderman Twining’s
-Resolutions, the Committee think there can hardly be much
-difference of opinion. They are firmly persuaded, it would
-be greatly to the advantage of the community, for the city
-government to have control of all such works. But there are
-some grave points which ought to be discussed, previous to
-the opening of negotiations with the Water Company. To
-make these works thoroughly efficient, for every requirement
-of the city, and having reference to the future, as well as the
-present,—an expenditure of not less than forty or fifty thousand
-pounds, will be necessary. This is a startling statement,
-but, upon examination, it will be found to be not very wide of
-the mark.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It is a well known fact, that the water will not rise, with
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span>any force, in the north suburbs of the city; in the vicinity of
-the North Barracks, for instance; which, before ten years
-will be a very populous district. It is laid down, as a rule of
-engineering, that the efficiency and value of any system of
-water supply, is in direct proportion to the quantity of water
-which can be stored with sufficient head, as near as possible
-to the points of consumption. The water systems of New
-York and Boston, though so enormously costly, are said, still,
-to be defective, from the want of head pressure; the nature
-of the ground not permitting better arrangements. These defects,
-in the water systems of the cities alluded to, are in some
-measure remedied, by larger main pipes, and by reservoirs.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Now, it has been ascertained by the actual measurements
-of Mr. Gossip, that the plug at the corner of North and Gottingen
-Streets is, in fact, higher than the point where the water
-pipes diverge at St. Andrew’s Cross; while the long ridge
-to the westward and northward of North Street, is 197 feet
-above low water mark,—being as high, if not higher, than the
-surface level of the Long Lake. When it is borne in mind,
-in addition, that the lake itself, is five miles distant, without
-any intervening reservoir,—we have in these facts, a sufficient
-explanation of the inefficiency of the Water Works at the
-North end of the city. The same reasoning applies though
-in a less degree, to the south suburbs, where the ground is
-lower; yet the distance, operating with an extended system
-of distribution, deprives the water of the necessary force.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>To make the present Water Works, therefore, thoroughly
-efficient, for fire purposes, and for the supply of every part of
-the city, would involve, first,—the laying down of larger
-pipes, from the lake, and through the city; second,—the construction
-of a reservoir sufficiently elevated to command the
-highest streets; and thirdly,—the cost of machinery, suitable
-for the purpose of keeping the reservoir always full of water.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Committee are under the impression, that the improvements
-indicated, cannot be effected, at a cost, much, if
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>any, less than the sum named. It is true, that for many
-purposes, the present Water Works, might be made
-with a comparatively small outlay, to answer tolerably well
-for some years to come; but in the all-important matter of
-protection from fire, it is their belief, that any patching of the
-present system, is mere trifling; the only result of which will
-be, to waste money, and to engender a false security; which
-may possibly terminate in some calamity, more serious than
-any that has yet occurred. When the water was first introduced
-into St. John—some years ago—the engineer recommended
-the laying down of a 24 inch instead of a 12 inch
-main, but the difference of cost—some £12,000, was thought
-to be an insuperable objection, and the 12 inch main was laid.
-Not many years after, the citizens of our sister city, lost one
-hundred and fifty thousand pounds, in one night, simply from
-the want of a sufficient supply of water.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It was the inefficiency of our Water Works for fire purposes,
-that first turned Mr. Edward Longard’s attention to
-this subject. The Committee will leave the further consideration
-of Alderman Twining’s Resolutions, for the present,
-in order to explain Mr. Longard’s scheme. As an intelligent
-native mechanic, and an experienced fireman, who has devoted
-much time, and thought, to the question of water supply,
-it is but fair to Mr. Longard, to state his views in detail.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Starting with the conviction, that the Long Lake can never
-afford sufficient head pressure, by the natural power of gravitation,—Mr.
-Longard proposes to bring the water from the
-Birch Cove Lakes, into a Reservoir, to be built on Shaffroth’s
-hill, and thence, by three main pipes into the city,—one for
-the north—another for the middle—and another for the south
-district. The Birch Cove Lakes having an elevation of 237
-feet, which might be raised by damming to 240, or even to
-245 feet, would be sufficient, without mechanical aids, to fill
-the reservoir on Shaffroth’s hill; the summit of which is some
-230 feet above the sea, and admirably situated for commanding
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>the whole city. From this height, the water would descend
-upon the city, throughout its whole length, with such
-force, that the present Engine Company would be able, without
-assistance, either from the citizens, or the military, to subdue
-a fire, in far less time, than it could possibly be accomplished
-by 500 men, with the present defective water-system.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>“By the proposed scheme, 16 efficient jets could be concentrated
-on any point in the city below Barrack street, each jet
-delivering, at least, 100 gallons a minute—in all 1600 gallons
-each minute; and in all the higher and suburban parts of the
-city an ample supply would be furnished.”</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Mr. Longard computes the cost of this work not to exceed
-£40,000, and that the interest and other annual expenses,
-would not be over £2600, while the saving in insurance alone,
-would be, at least, double that amount; leaving a yearly surplus,
-of clear gain to the citizens, of some £2500.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Committee are free to admit, that, in their judgment,
-Mr. Longard’s scheme is simple and intelligible, and supported
-by facts and arguments, which cannot fail to produce a strong
-impression on the public mind. The calculation of saving, in the
-item of insurance, is a most modest one, Mr. Longard having
-based it upon a supposed reduction of one-eighth per cent, while
-the probability is, that one half per cent would be much nearer
-the truth. The very first year after the introduction of the
-Croton Water into New York, the premiums of insurance
-were reduced, on an average, 40 cents on the hundred, while
-the expenses of the Fire Department, which had previously
-been seventy thousand dollars, fell the same year, to thirty
-thousand. The want of water, this year, will impose an extra
-tax, upon our own citizens, of certainly not less than ten thousand
-pounds.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Were there no Water Works already in Halifax, the Committee
-would have no hesitation in recommending Mr. Longard’s
-scheme for the adoption of the Council. There are,
-however, certain advantages to be derived from the purchase
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>of the Water Company’s Works, which ought not to be overlooked.
-There is the great advantage of having so much
-work already done, and an income at once available; which
-income, the Committee believe, might be considerably increased,
-by judicious management, under civic control, without becoming
-a grievance to any citizen.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Committee are very loth to assume the responsibility
-of advising in this matter, but they have arrived at certain
-conclusions, which they now submit for the consideration of
-the Council.</p>
-
-<hr class='c006' />
-
-<p class='c000'>The present Committee was called into existence, chiefly for
-the purpose of considering the best mode of obtaining a larger
-supply of water for fire purposes; but the Resolutions of Alderman
-Twining, which were submitted to the Council previous
-to the Great Fire, having been referred to this Committee,—the
-field of enquiry is, thereby, proportionally enlarged.
-Indeed, the Committee feel, that they have now the whole
-question of water supply for the city before them, and the
-exigencies of the time demand, that it should be dealt with in
-a comprehensive spirit.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Taking this broad view of the question, the Committee,
-then, have two schemes presented for their consideration; either
-of which, for about the same cost, it is believed, may be
-made to answer every requirement of the city; and to each
-of which, certain peculiar advantages, and disadvantages, appertain.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Supposing the purchase of the Halifax Water Company’s
-Works, which, at present, barely suffice for domestic purposes,
-to require £50,000; it would require another £50,000, to
-make them efficient for fire purposes, and for the supply of
-the upper parts of the city. But an advantage would be gained
-by having a great part of the work already completed.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>On the other hand, supposing Mr. Longard’s scheme to be
-adopted; the carrying out of this scheme, solely for fire purposes,
-would cost some forty or fifty thousand pounds, while
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>to extend it through the city, so as to make it available for
-every purpose, would cost some fifty thousands additional;
-beside keeping the streets in confusion for years to come.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>It is thus apparent, that neither scheme is perfect, and that
-either scheme fully developed, so as to be made capable of
-supplying the wants of the whole city, would cost, somewhere
-in the neighbourhood of £100,000.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>Such being the state of the case, and assuming no better
-plan to be presented to the Council, the Committee suggest,
-whether, upon the whole, it would not be best for the city,
-partially to adopt both schemes, and thereby secure the advantages
-of each, without incurring the inconveniences of either.
-The Committee have an impression that the present
-Water Works could be purchased, and put in good working
-order, for a sum, not exceeding £50,000; and that for another
-£50,000—perhaps for less money—an ample supply
-might be obtained, by Mr. Longard’s scheme, for fire purposes,
-and for the supply of the higher parts of the city. The
-cost of both schemes, would thus, not exceed, what it would
-be necessary to expend, to make either scheme perfect; and
-the city would enjoy the unquestionable benefit of having two
-sources of water supply, instead of one.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Committee do not consider it any part of their duty,
-to suggest the mode, by which the capital, necessary for these
-operations, may be raised; yet it is their conviction, that in a
-financial point of view, the enterprise would be a safe one.—A
-fire tax, levied upon real estate, would meet the interest of
-half the capital; and the other half would be more than met,
-by the revenue derivable from consumers.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Committee present the above view of the case, as the
-best practical solution of a perplexing problem which, at this
-time, occurs to their minds,—reserving to themselves, of
-course, the right to adopt any more feasible plan that may be
-suggested.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>As a preliminary step, however, and taking all the circumstances
-<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>into consideration, the Committee finally recommend:</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>That the City Council shall, forthwith, or as soon as may
-be convenient—consult some competent and experienced Engineer,
-whose advice and opinions may enable the Council to
-decide, what is best to be done, in order to accomplish the
-desired end.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>This course was adopted by the city of St. John, in like
-circumstances; as well as by Montreal and Quebec; and from
-the Report, lately published, it appears, that a precisely similar
-course was pursued, by the Common Council of Glasgow,
-before they embarked in that splendid scheme, by which they
-have recently introduced the water into the city from Loch
-Katrine.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>The Committee cannot be supposed to know, and do not
-pretend to know, more of the matter under discussion than
-many of their fellow-citizens. They have endeavoured to
-discharge a very difficult task to the best of their ability, in
-the hope that such measures will ultimately be adopted by
-the Council, in reference to the supply of water, as will meet
-the expectations, and satisfy the present and future demands,
-of the whole community.</p>
-
-<p class='c000'>In conclusion, the Committee have to acknowledge the
-friendly co-operation and assistance of His Worship the
-Mayor, the Chairman and Ex-Chairman of Firewards, Mr.
-Muir, Superintendent of the Halifax Water Works, and of
-several members of the Fire Department. They have also
-to tender their thanks to F. W. Lincoln, Junr., Esq., Mayor
-of Boston, and John M. Walker, Esq., Commissioner of Water
-Works at St. John, New Brunswick, for much valuable
-information, furnished with obliging promptitude.</p>
-
-<div class='lg-container-r'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'>All of which is respectfully submitted,</div>
-      <div class='line in22'>JOHN A. BELL,</div>
-      <div class='line in30'><em>Chairman</em>.</div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='lg-container-l'>
-  <div class='linegroup'>
-    <div class='group'>
-      <div class='line'><span class='sc'>Halifax, N. S., 2nd December, 1859.</span></div>
-    </div>
-  </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class='pbb'>
- <hr class='pb c003' />
-</div>
-<div class='tnotes'>
-
-<div class='chapter'>
-  <h2 class='c004'>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES</h2>
-</div>
- <ol class='ol_1 c002'>
-    <li>Silently corrected typographical errors.
-
-    </li>
-    <li>Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.
-    </li>
-  </ol>
-
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
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-</pre>
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-  </body>
-  <!-- created with ppgen.py 3.56l on 2016-12-25 19:16:34 GMT -->
-</html>
diff --git a/old/53803-h/images/cover.jpg b/old/53803-h/images/cover.jpg
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