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-} -h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { -font-weight: normal; -} -table { -margin-left: auto; -margin-right: auto; -} -.tablecaption { -text-align: center; -}.pagenum, .linenum { -speak: none; -} -</style> - -<style type="text/css"> -/* CSS rules generated from @rend attributes in TEI file */ -.xd24e344 -{ -text-align:center;font-size:large; width:8%; -} -.xd24e345 -{ -width:25%; -} -.xd24e105 -{ -font-size:xx-large; -} -.xd24e186width -{ -width:480px; -} -.xd24e192width -{ -width:558px; -} -.xd24e291 -{ -text-indent:2em; -} -.xd24e343 -{ -margin:0px auto; display:table; -} -.xd24e4904 -{ -text-indent:0em; -} -@media handheld -{ -} -</style> -</head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri: or, Memoirs of -Jahangir, by Nuru-d-din Jahangir Padshah - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri: or, Memoirs of Jahangir - -Author: Nuru-d-din Jahangir Padshah - -Editor: Henry Beveridge - -Translator: Alexander Roger - -Release Date: December 6, 2016 [EBook #53674] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TUZUK-I-JAHANGIRI: OR *** - - - - -Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project -Gutenberg. - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div class="front"> -<div class="div1 cover"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd24e186width"><img src="images/new-cover.jpg" alt= -"Newly Designed Front Cover." width="480" height="720"></div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div1 frontispiece"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd24e192width"><img src="images/frontispiece.jpg" -alt="Jahangir" width="558" height="720"> -<p class="par">Reproduced from a Miniature in the British Museum<br> -(MS. Add. 22.282. fol. 2)</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="titlePage"> -<div class="docTitle"> -<div class="mainTitle">The<br> -Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī</div> -<div class="subTitle">Or<br> -Memoirs of Jahāngīr</div> -</div> -<div class="byline"><i>Translated by</i><br> -<span class="docAuthor">Alexander Rogers</span><br> -I.C.S. (Retired)<br> -<i>Edited by</i><br> -<span class="docAuthor">Henry Beveridge</span><br> -I.C.S. (Retired)</div> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="xd24e233" href="#xd24e233" name= -"xd24e233">vii</a>]</span></p> -<div class="div1 preface"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">Preface.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Mr. Rogers translated the Memoirs of -Jahāngīr several years ago from the edition which Sayyid -Aḥmad printed at Ghazipur in 1863 and at Allyghur in 1864. -Orientalists are greatly indebted to the Sayyid for his disinterested -labours, but his text seems to have been made from a single and -defective MS. and is often incorrect, especially in the case of proper -names. I have collated it with the excellent MSS. in the India Office -and the British Museum, and have thus been able to make numerous -corrections. I have also consulted the MS. in the Library of the -R.A.S., but it is not a good one. I have, with Mr. Rogers’s -permission, revised the translation, and I have added many notes.</p> -<p class="par">There is an account of the Memoirs in the sixth volume -of Elliot & Dowson’s “History of India,” and -there the subject of the various recensions is discussed. There is also -a valuable note by Dr. Rieu in his “Catalogue of Persian -MSS.,” i, 253. It is there pointed out that there is a manuscript -translation of the first nine years of the Memoirs by William Erskine -in the British Museum. I have consulted this translation and found it -helpful. The MS. is numbered Add. 26,611. The translation is, of -course, excellent, and it was made from a good MS.</p> -<p class="par">A translation of what Dr. Rieu calls the garbled Memoirs -of Jahāngīr was made by Major David Price and published by -the Oriental Translation Committee of the Royal Asiatic Society in -1829. The author of this work is unknown, and its history is an -unsolved problem. It is occasionally fuller than the genuine Memoirs, -and it contains some picturesque touches, such as the account -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="xd24e243" href="#xd24e243" name= -"xd24e243">viii</a>]</span>of Akbar’s deathbed. But it is certain -that it is, in part at least, a fabrication, and that it contains -statements which Jahāngīr could never have made. Compare, for -instance, the account of the death of Sohrāb, the son of -Mīrzā Rustam, near the end of Price’s translation, pp. -138–9, with that given in the genuine Memoirs in the narrative of -the fifteenth year of the reign, p. 293, and also in the -Iqbāl-nāma, p. 139. Besides being inaccurate, the garbled or -spurious Memoirs are much shorter than the genuine work, and do not go -beyond the fifteenth year. Price’s translation, too, was made -from a single and badly written MS.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e245src" -href="#xd24e245" name="xd24e245src">1</a> which is now in the R.A.S. -library. Dr. Rieu remarks that it is to be regretted that so poor a -fabrication as the garbled Memoirs should have been given to the world -as a genuine production of Jahāngīr. This being so, it is -appropriate that the present translation of the genuine Memoirs should -be published by the Royal Asiatic Society.</p> -<p class="par">When Jahāngīr had written his Memoirs for the -first twelve years of his reign he made them into a volume, and had a -number of copies made and distributed (Elliot, vi, 360). The first of -these he gave to S͟hāh Jahān, who was then in high -favour. The present publication is a translation of the first volume of -the Memoirs, but the translation of the whole Memoirs, together with -the additions of Muʿtamad K͟hān and Muḥammad -Hādī, has been completed, and it is to be hoped that its -publication will follow in due course.</p> -<p class="par">Jahāngīr reigned for twenty-two years, but -ill-health and sorrow made him give up the writing of his Memoirs in -the seventeenth year of his reign (see Elliot, vi, 280). He then -entrusted the task to Muʿtamad K͟hān, the author -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="xd24e252" href="#xd24e252" name= -"xd24e252">ix</a>]</span>of the Iqbāl-nāma, who continued the -Memoirs to the beginning of the nineteenth year. He then dropped -writing the Memoirs in the name of the emperor, but he continued the -narrative of the reign, to Jahāngīr’s death, in his own -work, the Iqbāl-nāma. Muḥammad Hādī -afterwards continued the Memoirs down to Jahāngīr’s -death, but his work is little more than an abridgment of the -Iqbāl-nāma. Sayyid Aḥmad’s edition contains the -continuations of the Memoirs by Muʿtamad and Muḥammad -Hādī, and also Muḥammad Hādī’s preface -and introduction. But this preface and introduction have not been -translated by Mr. Rogers, and I do not think that a translation is -necessary. Muḥammad Hādī is a late writer (see Elliot, -vi, 392), his date being the first quarter of the eighteenth century, -and his introduction seems to be almost wholly derived from the -Maʾās̤ir-i-Jahāngīrī of Kāmgār -Ḥusainī (Elliot, vi, 257). It consists mainly of an account -of Jahāngīr’s life from his birth up to his -accession.</p> -<p class="par">It is perhaps unnecessary to say anything about the -importance of Jahāngīr’s Memoirs. They give a lively -picture of India in the early decades of the seventeenth century, and -are a valuable supplement to the Akbar-nāma. I may be allowed, -however, to end this preface with the following remarks which I -contributed to the <i>Indian Magazine</i> for May, 1907:—</p> -<p class="par">“The Royal authors of the East had more blood in -them than those kings whose works have been catalogued by Horace -Walpole. To find a parallel to them we must go back to Julius -Cæsar, and even then the advantage is not upon the side of -Europe. After all, the commentaries of the famous Roman are a little -disappointing, and certainly the Memoirs of Bābar and -Jahāngīr are far more human and fuller of matter than the -story of the Gallic Wars. All Muhammadans have a fancy for writing -chronicles and autobiographies, and several Muhammadan <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="xd24e261" href="#xd24e261" name= -"xd24e261">x</a>]</span>kings have yielded to the common impulse. -Central Asia has given us the Memoirs of Tamarlane, Bābar, and -Ḥaidar, and the chronicle of Abu-l-ghazi; Persia has given us the -Memoirs of Shah Tahmasp, and India the Memoirs of the Princess Gulbadan -and Jahāngīr. In modern times we see the same impulse at -work, for we have the biography of the late Ameer of Afghanistan and -the diary of the Shah of Persia.</p> -<p class="par">“The contributions to literature by Royal authors -which come to us from the East form a department by themselves, and one -which is of great value. Nearly all Eastern histories are disfigured by -adulation. Even when the author has had no special reason for flattery -and for suppression of truth, he has been dazzled by the greatness of -his subject, and gives us a picture which no more reveals the real king -than does a telescope the real constitution of the Morning Star. But -when Eastern monarchs give us chronicles, the case is different. They -have no occasion for fear or favour, and mercilessly expose the -failings of their contemporaries. Not that they are to be trusted any -more than other Orientals when speaking of themselves. Bābar has -suppressed the story of his vassalage to Shah Ismaʿīl, of his -defeat at Ghajdawān, and his treatment of ʿĀlam Lodi; -and Jahāngīr has glossed over his rebellion against his -father, and the circumstances of Shīr-āfgan’s death. -But when they have to speak of others—whether kings or -nobles—they give us the whole truth, and perhaps a little more. -An amiable Princess like Gulbadan Begam may veil the faults and -weaknesses of her brothers Humāyūn and Hindāl; but -Bābar strips the gilt off nearly every one whom he mentions, and -spares no one—not even his own father.</p> -<p class="par">“The Memoirs of Bābar, Ḥaidar, and -Gulbadan have been translated into English, and those of T̤ahmasp -have been translated into German; but unfortunately -Jahāngīr’s <span class="pagenum">[<a id="xd24e267" -href="#xd24e267" name="xd24e267">xi</a>]</span>have never been fully -translated,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e269src" href="#xd24e269" name= -"xd24e269src">2</a> though there are extracts in Elliot & -Dowson’s History, and Major Price many years ago gave us from an -imperfect manuscript a garbled account of a few years of his Memoirs. -Yet in reality Jahāngīr’s Memoirs are not inferior in -interest to those of Bābar. Indeed, we may go further and say -there is twice as much matter in them as in Bābar’s Memoirs, -and that they are by far the most entertaining of the two works. Not -that Jahāngīr was by any means as remarkable a man as his -great-grandfather. He was a most faulty human being, and his own -account of himself often excites our disgust and contempt. But he had -the sense not to confine his narrative to an account of himself, and he -has given us a picture of his father, the great Akbar, which is a -bigger ‘plum’ than anything in Bābar’s Memoirs. -But his account of himself has also its charm, for it reveals the real -man, and so he lives for us in his Memoirs just as James VI—to -whom, and to the Emperor Claudius, he bears a strange and even -ludicrous resemblance—lives in the ‘Fortunes of -Nigel’ or Claudius in Suetonius and Tacitus. Jahāngīr -was indeed a strange mixture. The man who could stand by and see men -flayed alive, and who, as he himself tells us, put one man to death and -had two others hamstrung because they showed themselves inopportunely -and frightened away his game, could yet be a lover of justice and could -spend his Thursday evenings in holding high converse. He could quote -Fīrdūsi’s verse against cruelty to animals—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">‘Ah! spare yon emmet, rich in hoarded -grain—</p> -<p class="line">He lives with pleasure, and he dies with -pain’;</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">and be soft-hearted enough to wish that his father -were alive to share with him the delicious mangoes of India. He could -procure the murder of Abū-l-faẓl and avow <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="xd24e280" href="#xd24e280" name= -"xd24e280">xii</a>]</span>the fact without remorse, and also pity the -royal elephants because they shivered in winter when they sprinkled -themselves with cold water. ‘I observed this,’ he says, -‘and so I ordered that the water should be heated to the -temperature of luke-warm milk.’ And he adds: ‘This was -entirely my own idea; nobody had ever thought of it before.’ One -good trait in Jahāngīr was his hearty enjoyment of Nature and -his love for flowers. Bābar had this also, but he was old, or at -least worn out, when he came to India, and he was disgusted by an -Indian attempt to poison him, and so his description of India is meagre -and splenetic. Jahāngīr, on the other hand, is a true Indian, -and dwells delightedly on the charms of Indian flowers, particularises -the palās, the bokūl, and the champa, and avows that no fruit -of Afghanistan or Central Asia is equal to the mango. He loved, too, to -converse with pandits and Hindu ascetics, though he is contemptuous of -their avatars, and causes the image of Vishnu as the boar avatar to be -broken and flung into the Pushkar lake.</p> -<p class="par">“It is a remark of Hallam’s that the best -attribute of Muhammadan princes is a rigorous justice in chastising the -offences of others. Of this quality Jahāngīr, in spite of all -his weaknesses, had a large share, and even to this day he is spoken of -with respect by Muhammadans on account of his love of justice. It is a -pathetic circumstance that it was this princely quality which was to -some extent the cause of the great affront put upon him by Mahābat -K͟hān. Many complaints had been made to Jahāngīr of -the oppressions of Mahābat in Bengal, and crowds of suppliants had -come to Jahāngīr’s camp. It was his desire to give them -redress and to punish Mahābat for his exactions, together with his -physical and mental weakness, which led to his capture on the banks of -the Jhilam.</p> -<p class="par">“One of the many interesting observations in his -Memoirs <span class="pagenum">[<a id="xd24e286" href="#xd24e286" name= -"xd24e286">xiii</a>]</span>is his account of an inscription he saw at -Hindaun. He says that in the thirteenth year of his reign, as he was -marching back to Agra, he found a verse by someone inscribed on the -pillar of a pleasure-house on an islet in the lake at Hindaun. He then -proceeds to quote it, and it turns out to be one of Omar -Khayyam’s! This is FitzGerald’s paraphrase:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">‘For some we loved, the loveliest and the -best</p> -<p class="line xd24e291">That from his vintage Time hath prest,</p> -<p class="line">Have drunk their Cup a Round or two before,</p> -<p class="line xd24e291">And one by one crept silently to -rest.’</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">“The same quatrain has also been quoted by -Badayūnī in his history, and the interesting thing about -Jahāngīr’s quotation of it is that he could see the -beauty of the verse and at the same time did not know who was the -author. There is also an interest in the fact that the third line -contains a different reading from that given in Whinfield’s -edition of the text. Hindaun is in the Jaipur territory, and one would -like to know if the inscription still exists.</p> -<p class="par">“Among other things in Jahāngīr’s -Memoirs there is the description of the outbreak of the Plague, given -to him by a lady of his court [which has been quoted by Dr. Simpson in -his book upon Plague], and there is a very full account of Kashmir, -which is considerably superior to that in the Āyīn -Akbarī, which Sir Walter Lawrence has praised.”</p> -<p class="par">With reference to the portrait of Jahāngīr -prefixed to this volume, it may be interesting to note that it appears -from Mr. E. B. Havell’s “Indian Sculpture,” p. 203, -that the British Museum possesses a drawing by Rembrandt which was -copied from a Moghul miniature, and which has been pronounced by Mr. -Rouffaer to be a portrait of Jahāngīr. Coryat (Purchas, -reprint, iv, 473) thus describes Jahāngīr’s personal -appearance:—“He is fifty and three years of age, his -nativity-day having been celebrated with wonderful pomp since my -arrival here. On that day he weighed himself in a pair of golden -scales, which by great <span class="pagenum">[<a id="xd24e303" href= -"#xd24e303" name="xd24e303">xiv</a>]</span>chance I saw the same day; a -custom he observes most inviolably every year. He is of complexion -neither white nor black, but of a middle betwixt them. I know not how -to express it with a more expressive and significant epitheton than -olive. An olive colour his face presenteth. He is of a seemly -composition of body, of a stature little unequal (as I guess not -without grounds of probability) to mine, but much more corpulent than -myself.”</p> -<p class="par">As regards the bibliography of the -Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, I have to note that there is an -Urdu translation by <span class="corr" id="xd24e307" title= -"Source: Munshi">Munshī</span> Aḥmad ʿAlī -Sīmāb of Rāmpūra, that is, Aligarh in Tonk. It was -made from Muḥammad Hādī’s edition under the -patronage of Muḥammad Ibrāhīm ʿAlī -K͟hān Nawāb of Tonk, and was published by Newal Kishor -in 1291 (1874). There is also a Hindi translation by Munshī -Debī Prasād which was published in 1905 at Calcutta by the -Bhārat Mitra Press. The Urdu translation referred to by Mr. -Blumhardt in his Catalogue of Hindustani MSS., p. 61, and noticed by -Elliot, vi, 401, and Garcin de Tassy, iii, 301, is, as the two latter -writers have remarked, a translation of the Iqbāl-nāma. The -MS. referred to by Elliot vi, 277, as having been in the possession of -General Thomas Paterson Smith, and which is described in -Ethé’s Catalogue of the India Office MSS., No. 2833, p. -1533, was made by Sayyid Muḥammad, the elder brother of Sayyid -Aḥmad. <span class="corr" id="xd24e310" title= -"Source: As">At</span> the end of the MS. the copyist gives some -account of himself and of his family. He made the copy from copies in -the Royal Library and in the possession of Rajah Roghū Nāth -Singh <i>alias</i> Lāl Singh Jālpūr. He finished it in -October, 1843. Sayyid Muḥammad was Munsif of Hutgām in the -Fatḥpūr district. He died young in 1845. My friend Mr. T. W. -Arnold, of the India Office, informs me that Sayyid Aḥmad told -him that he found a valuable illustrated MS of the Tūzuk in the -débris of the Delhi Royal Library, and took it home, but that it -was lost when his house was plundered <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"xd24e316" href="#xd24e316" name="xd24e316">xv</a>]</span>by the -mutineers. There is in the Bodleian a copy in Sayyid -Aḥmad’s own handwriting. He states that he made use of ten -good MSS. The Englishman at whose request he made the copy was John -Panton Gubbins, who was once Sessions Judge of Delhi. This copy is -described in the Bodleian Catalogue, p. 117, No. 221. The MS. No. 220 -described on the same page was brought home by Fraser, and is a good -one, but only goes down to the end of the 14th year.</p> -<p class="par signed"><span class="sc">H. Beveridge.</span></p> -<p class="par signed"><i>March, 1909.</i></p> -<hr class="tb"> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par"><span class="sc">Postscript.</span>—Since writing -this Preface I have been enabled by the kindness of Mr. Irvine to -examine the Hindi Jahāngīr-nāma of Debī -Prasād. It is not a translation, but an abstract, and I do not -think it is of much value. Being a Jodhpūr man he has been able, -perhaps, to correct some spellings of places, but he does not seem to -have consulted any MSS., and when he comes to a difficulty he shirks -it. The most valuable adjunct to the Tūzuk, after the -Iqbāl-nāma, is the -Maʾās̤ir-i-Jahāngīrī of Kāmgār -Ḥusainī. It is important as giving the early history of -Jahāngīr, that is, of the time when he was Prince Selīm. -There are three copies of his work in the British Museum, but the -so-called Maāthir-i-Jahāngīrī of the India Office -Library, No. 3098, or 324 of the new Catalogue, is only a copy of the -Iqbāl-nāma.</p> -<p class="par">I regret that the number of Errata and Addenda is so -large, but when I began the revision I did not know that Sayyid -Aḥmad’s text was so incorrect. It will be seen that at pp. -158 and 162 I have made two erroneous notes.</p> -<p class="par signed">H. B. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="xd24e337" -href="#xd24e337" name="xd24e337">v</a>]</span></p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e245" href="#xd24e245src" name="xd24e245">1</a></span> It is owing -to the crabbed writing of Price’s MS. that at p. 21 -Jahāngīr is made to say that the Prince of Kashmir belonged -to the society of Jogīs. The real statement is that the prince -belonged to the Chak family. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e245src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e269" href="#xd24e269src" name="xd24e269">2</a></span> A -translation was begun by the Rev. Mr. Lowe for the Asiatic Society of -Bengal, but only one fasciculus was published. This was in -1889. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e269src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div1 note"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">Table of Transliteration.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="table"> -<table class="xd24e343"> -<tbody> -<tr> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft cellTop"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ا</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight cellTop">(Hamza) not represented at the -beginning or end of a word; ʾ in the middle of a word.</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ذ</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">ẕ</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">غ</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">g͟h</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ب</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">b</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ر</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">r</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ف</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">f</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">پ</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">p</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ڑ</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">ṛ</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ق</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">q</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ت</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">t</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ز</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">z</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ك</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">k</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ٹ</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">ṭ</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ژ</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">z͟h</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">گ</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">g</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ث</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">s̤</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">س</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">s</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ل</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">l</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ج</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">j</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ش</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">s͟h</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">م</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">m</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">چ</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">ch</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ص</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">ṣ</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ن</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">n (m before <span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ب</span> and <span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">پ</span>)</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ح</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">h</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ض</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">ẓ</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">و</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">w (v in Hindu names)</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">خ</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">kh</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ط</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">t̤</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ة</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">h (not represented at the end of a word -except when radical)</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">د</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">d</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ظ</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">z̤</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft cellBottom"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ى</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight cellBottom">y</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ڈ</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">ḍ</td> -<td class="cellDoubleUp"></td> -<td class="xd24e344 cellLeft"><span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ع</span></td> -<td class="xd24e345 cellRight">ʿ</td> -</tr> -</tbody> -</table> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par transcribernote"><span class="sc">Transcriber’s -note:</span> The presentation of Arabic vowels used in the source -cannot be exactly reproduced in Unicode.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="sc">Vowels</span>—_<span class= -"Arabic" lang="ar">َ</span>_ a. <span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ا</span>_<span class="Arabic" lang="ar">َ</span>_ -ā. <span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">اى</span>_<span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">َ</span>_ (alif maḳṣūra) ā.</p> -<p class="par">_<span class="Arabic" lang="ar">ِ</span>_ i. -<span class="Arabic" lang="ar">ى</span>_<span class="Arabic" -lang="ar">ِ</span>_ ī; e in some Hindu names. <span class= -"Arabic" lang="ar">ىّ</span>_<span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ِ</span>_ iyy; ī at the end of a word.</p> -<p class="par">_<span class="Arabic" lang="ar">ُ</span>_ u. -<span class="Arabic" lang="ar">و</span>_<span class="Arabic" -lang="ar">ُ</span>_ ū; o in some Hindu names. <span class= -"Arabic" lang="ar">وّ</span>_<span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ُ</span>_ uww; ū at the end of a word.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="sc">Diphthongs</span>—<span class= -"Arabic" lang="ar">و</span>_<span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">َ</span>_ au. <span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">وّ</span>_<span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">َ</span>_ aww. <span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">ى</span>_<span class="Arabic" lang="ar">َ</span>_ ai. -<span class="Arabic" lang="ar">ىّ</span>_<span class= -"Arabic" lang="ar">َ</span>_ ayy.</p> -<p class="par">The ‘Izāfat’ is rendered by -‘-i-’.</p> -<p class="par">The Persian copulative particle <span class="Arabic" -lang="ar">و</span> is transliterated by ‘u’.</p> -<p class="par">The <span class="Arabic" lang="ar">ل</span> of the -Arabic article is assimilated according to rule, the final vowel of the -preceding word being preserved.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div id="toc" class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">Contents</h2> -<ul> -<li> <span class= -"tocPageNum">Page</span></li> -<li><a href="#yr1" id="xd24e709" name= -"xd24e709">Jahāngīr’s Memoirs.</a> - <span class= -"tocPageNum">1</span></li> -<li><a href="#yr2" id="xd24e716" name="xd24e716">Feast of the Second -New Year</a> <span class= -"tocPageNum">85</span></li> -<li><a href="#yr3" id="xd24e723" name="xd24e723">The Third New -Year’s Feast from my Accession.</a> - <span class= -"tocPageNum">138</span></li> -<li><a href="#yr4" id="xd24e730" name="xd24e730">The Fourth New -Year’s Feast after the Auspicious Accession.</a> - <span class= -"tocPageNum">154</span></li> -<li><a href="#yr5" id="xd24e737" name="xd24e737">The Fifth New -Year’s Feast from the Auspicious Accession.</a> - <span class= -"tocPageNum">165</span></li> -<li><a href="#yr6" id="xd24e744" name="xd24e744">The Sixth New -Year’s Feast after my auspicious Accession.</a> - <span class= -"tocPageNum">191</span></li> -<li><a href="#yr7" id="xd24e751" name="xd24e751">The Seventh New -Year’s Festival after the auspicious Accession.</a> - <span class= -"tocPageNum">206</span></li> -<li><a href="#yr8" id="xd24e758" name="xd24e758">The Eighth New Year -after the auspicious Accession.</a> - <span class= -"tocPageNum">235</span></li> -<li><a href="#yr9" id="xd24e765" name="xd24e765">The Ninth New -Year’s Feast after my auspicious Accession.</a> - <span class= -"tocPageNum">259</span></li> -<li><a href="#yr10" id="xd24e772" name="xd24e772">The Tenth New -Year’s Festival after my auspicious Accession.</a> - <span class= -"tocPageNum">280</span></li> -<li><a href="#yr11" id="xd24e780" name="xd24e780">The Eleventh New -Year’s Feast after the auspicious Accession.</a> - <span class= -"tocPageNum">317</span></li> -<li><a href="#yr12" id="xd24e787" name="xd24e787">The Twelfth New -Year’s Feast after my auspicious accession.</a> - <span class= -"tocPageNum">370</span></li> -<li><a href="#errata" id="xd24e794" name="xd24e794">Errata and -Addenda.</a> <span class= -"tocPageNum">447</span></li> -</ul> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb1" href="#pb1" name= -"pb1">1</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="body"> -<div id="yr1" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e709">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="super">Jahāngīr’s Memoirs.</h2> -<h2 class="sub"><i>In the Name of God, the Merciful, the -Clement.</i></h2> -<h2 class="label">Chapter I.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">By the boundless favour of Allah, when one -sidereal hour of Thursday, -Jumādā-s̤-s̤ānī 20th, <span class= -"sc">A.H.</span> 1014 (October 24th, 1605), had passed, I ascended the -royal throne in the capital of Agra, in the 38th year of my -age.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e815src" href="#xd24e815" name= -"xd24e815src">1</a></p> -<p class="par">Till he was 28 years old, no child of my father had -lived, and he was continually praying for the survival of a son to -dervishes and recluses, by whom spiritual approach to the throne of -Allah is obtained. As the great master, K͟hwāja -Muʿīnu-d-dīn Chis͟htī, was the fountain-head -of most of the saints of India, he considered that in order to obtain -this object he should have recourse to his blessed threshold, and -resolved within himself that if Almighty God should bestow a son on him -he would, by way of complete humility, go on foot from Agra to his -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb2" href="#pb2" name= -"pb2">2</a>]</span>blessed mausoleum, a distance of 140 <i>kos</i>. In -<span class="sc">A.H.</span> 977, on Wednesday, 17th -Rabīʿu-l-awwal (August 31st, 1569), when seven -<i>g͟harī</i> of the aforesaid day had passed, when Libra -(Mīzān) had risen to the 24th degree, God Almighty brought me -into existence from the hiding-place of nothingness. At the time when -my venerated father was on the outlook for a son, a dervish of the name -of S͟haik͟h Salīm, a man of ecstatic condition, who had -traversed many of the stages of life, had his abode on a hill near -Sīkrī, one of the villages of Agra, and the people of that -neighbourhood had complete trust in him. As my father was very -submissive to dervishes, he also visited him. One day, when waiting on -him and in a state of distraction, he asked him how many sons he should -have. The S͟haik͟h replied, “The Giver who gives -without being asked will bestow three sons on you.” My father -said, “I have made a vow that, casting my first son on the skirt -of your favour, I will make your friendship and kindness his protector -and preserver.” The S͟haik͟h accepted this idea, and -said, “I congratulate you, and I will give him my own -name.” When my mother came near the time of her delivery, he -(Akbar) sent her to the S͟haik͟h’s house that I might -be born there. After my birth they gave me the name of Sultan -Salīm, but I never heard my father, whether in his cups or in his -sober moments, call me Muḥammad Salīm or Sultan Salīm, -but always <i>S͟haik͟hū Bābā</i>. My revered -father, considering the village of Sīkrī, which was the place -of my birth, lucky for him, made it his capital. In the course of -fourteen or fifteen years that hill, full of wild beasts, became a city -containing all kinds of gardens and buildings, and lofty, elegant -edifices and pleasant places, attractive to the heart. After the -conquest of Gujarāt this village was named Fatḥpūr. -When I became king it occurred to me to change my name, because this -resembled that of the Emperor of Rūm. An inspiration from the -hidden world brought it into my mind <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb3" -href="#pb3" name="pb3">3</a>]</span>that, inasmuch as the business of -kings is the controlling of the world, I should give myself the name of -Jahāngīr (World-seizer) and make my title of honour -(<i>laqab</i>) Nūru-d-dīn, inasmuch as my sitting on the -throne coincided with the rising and shining on the earth of the great -light (the Sun). I had also heard, in the days when I was a prince, -from Indian sages, that after the expiration of the reign and life of -King Jalālu-d-dīn Akbar one named Nūru-d-dīn would -be administrator of the affairs of the State. Therefore I gave myself -the name and appellation of Nūru-d-dīn Jahāngīr -Pāds͟hāh. As this great event took place in Agra, it is -necessary that some account of that city should be given.</p> -<p class="par">Agra is one of the grand old cities of Hindustan. It had -formerly an old fort on the bank of the Jumna, but this my father threw -down before my birth, and he founded a fort of cut red stone, the like -of which those who have travelled over the world cannot point out. It -was completed in the space of fifteen or sixteen years. It had four -gates and two sally-ports, and its cost was 35 lakhs of rupees, equal -to 115,000 <i>tomān</i> of current Persian coinage and to -10,500,000 <i>k͟hānī</i> according to the -Tūrān reckoning. The habitable part of the city extends on -both sides of the river. On its west side, which has the greater -population, its circumference is seven kos and its breadth is one kos. -The circumference of the inhabited part on the other side of the water, -the side towards the east, is 2½ kos, its length being one kos -and its breadth half a kos. But in the number of its buildings it is -equal to several cities of ʿIrāq, K͟hurāsān, -and Māwarāʾa-n-nahr (Transoxiana) put together. Many -persons have erected buildings of three or four storeys in it. The mass -of people is so great, that moving about in the lanes and bazars is -difficult. It is on the boundary of the second climate. On its east is -the province of Qanauj; on the west, Nāgor; on the north, Sambhal; -and on the south, Chanderī.</p> -<p class="par">It is written in the books of the Hindus that the source -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb4" href="#pb4" name= -"pb4">4</a>]</span>of the Jumna is in a hill of the name of -Kalind,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e858src" href="#xd24e858" name= -"xd24e858src">2</a> which men cannot reach because of the excessive -cold. The apparent source is a hill near the pargana of -K͟hiẓrābād.</p> -<p class="par">The air of Agra is warm and dry; physicians say that it -depresses the spirits (<i>rūḥrā ba taḥlīl -mībarad</i>) and induces weakness. It is unsuited to most -temperaments, except to the phlegmatic and melancholy, which are safe -from its bad effects. For this reason animals of this constitution and -temperament, such as the elephant, the buffalo, and others, thrive in -its climate.</p> -<p class="par">Before the rule of the Lodī Afghans, Agra was a -great and populous place, and had a castle described by -Masʿūd b. Saʿd b. Salmān in the ode -(<i>qaṣīda</i>) which he wrote in praise of -Maḥmūd, son of Sultan Ibrāhīm, son of -Masʿūd, son of Sultan Maḥmūd of G͟haznī, -on the capture of the castle—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“The fort of Agra appeared in the midst of the -dust</p> -<p class="line">Like a mountain, and its battlements like -peaks.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e876src" href="#xd24e876" name= -"xd24e876src">3</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">When Sikandar Lodī designed to take Gwalior -he came to Agra from Delhi, which was the capital of the Sultans of -India, and settled down there. From that date the population and -prosperity of Agra increased, and it became the capital of the Sultans -of Delhi. When God Almighty bestowed the rule of India on this -illustrious family, the late king, Bābar, after the defeat of -Ibrāhīm, the son of Sikandar Lodī, and his being killed, -and after his victory over Rānā Sāngā, who was the -chief of the Rajas of Hindustan, established on the east side of the -Jumna, on improved land, a garden (<i>chārbāg͟h</i>) -which few places equal in beauty. He gave it the name of -Gul-afs͟hān <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb5" href="#pb5" -name="pb5">5</a>]</span>(Flower-scatterer), and erected in it a small -building of cut red stone, and having completed a mosque on one side of -it he intended to make a lofty building, but time failed him and his -design was never carried into execution.</p> -<p class="par">In these Memoirs, whenever <i>Ṣāḥib -qirānī</i> is written it refers to Amīr Tīmūr -Gūrgān; and whenever <i>Firdūs-makānī</i> is -mentioned, to Bābar Pāds͟hāh; when -<i>Jannat-ās͟hyānī</i> is used, to -Humāyūn Pāds͟hāh; and when -<i>ʿArs͟h-ās͟hyānī</i> is employed, to my -revered father, Jalālu-d-dīn Muḥammad Akbar -Pāds͟hāh G͟hāzī.</p> -<p class="par">Melons, mangoes, and other fruits grow well in Agra and -its neighbourhood. Of all fruits I am very fond of mangoes. In the -reign of my father -(<i>ʿArs͟h-ās͟hyānī</i>) many fruits of -other countries, which till then were not to be had in India, were -obtained there. Several sorts of grapes, such as the -<i>ṣāḥibī</i> and the -<i>ḥabs͟hī</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e923src" href= -"#xd24e923" name="xd24e923src">4</a> and the -<i>kis͟hmis͟hī</i>, became common in several towns; for -instance, in the bazars of Lahore every kind and variety that may be -desired can be had in the grape season. Among fruits, one which they -call <i>ananās</i> (pineapple), which is grown in the Frank -ports,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e945src" href="#xd24e945" name= -"xd24e945src">5</a> is of excessive fragrance and fine flavour. Many -thousands are produced every year now in the Gul-afs͟hān -garden at Agra.</p> -<p class="par">From the excellencies of its sweet-scented flowers one -may prefer the fragrances of India to those of the flowers of the whole -world. It has many such that nothing in the whole world can be compared -to them. The first is the <i>champa</i> (<i>Michelia champaca</i>), -which is a flower of exceedingly sweet fragrance; it has the shape of -the saffron-flower, but is yellow inclining to white. The tree is very -symmetrical <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb6" href="#pb6" name= -"pb6">6</a>]</span>and large, full of branches and leaves, and is -shady. When in flower one tree will perfume a garden. Surpassing this -is the <i>keoṛā</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e963src" href= -"#xd24e963" name="xd24e963src">6</a> flower (<i>Pandanus -odoratissimus</i>). Its shape and appearance are singular, and its -scent is so strong and penetrating that it does not yield to the odour -of musk. Another is the <i>rāe bel</i>,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e973src" href="#xd24e973" name="xd24e973src">7</a> which in scent -resembles white jessamine. Its flowers are double and treble (?). -Another is the <i>mūlsarī</i><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e993src" href="#xd24e993" name="xd24e993src">8</a> (<i>Mimusops -Elengi</i>). This tree, too, is very graceful and symmetrical, and is -shady. The scent of its flowers is very pleasant. Another is the -<i>ketakī</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e1016src" href= -"#xd24e1016" name="xd24e1016src">9</a> (<i>Pandanus</i> ?), which is of -the nature of the <i>keoṛā</i>, but the latter is thorny, -whereas the <i>ketkī</i> has no thorns. Moreover, the -<i>ketkī</i> is yellowish, whereas the <i>keoṛā</i> is -white. From these two flowers and also from the -<i>chambelī</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e1079src" href= -"#xd24e1079" name="xd24e1079src">10</a> (<i>Jasminum grandiflorum</i>), -which is the white jessamine of <i>wilāyat</i> (Persia or -Afghanistan), they extract sweet-scented oils. There are other flowers -too numerous to mention. Of trees there are the cypress (<i>sarw</i>), -the pine <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb7" href="#pb7" name= -"pb7">7</a>]</span>(<i>sanūbar</i>), the <i>chanar</i> -(<i>Platanus orientalis</i>), the white poplar -(<i>safīdār</i>, <i>Populus alba</i>), and the <i>bīd -mūllā</i> (willow), which they had formerly never thought of -in Hindustan, but are now plentiful. The sandal-tree, which once was -peculiar to the islands (i.e., Java, Sumatra, etc.), also flourishes in -the gardens.</p> -<p class="par">The inhabitants of Agra exert themselves greatly in the -acquirement of crafts and the search after learning. Various professors -of every religion and creed have taken up their abode in the city.</p> -<p class="par">After my accession, the first order that I gave was for -the fastening up of the Chain of Justice, so that if those engaged in -the administration of justice should delay or practise hypocrisy in the -matter of those seeking justice, the oppressed might come to this chain -and shake it so that its noise might attract attention. Its fashion was -this: I ordered them to make a chain of pure gold,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e1116src" href="#xd24e1116" name="xd24e1116src">11</a> 30 -<i>gaz</i> in length and containing 60 bells. Its weight was 4 Indian -maunds, equal to 42 ʿIrāqī maunds. One end of it they -made fast to the battlements of the Shāh Burj of the fort at Agra -and the other to a stone post fixed on the bank of the river. I also -gave twelve orders to be observed as rules of conduct -(<i>dastūru-l-ʿamal</i>) in all my dominions—</p> -<p class="par">(1) Forbidding the levy of cesses under the names of -<i>tamghā</i> and <i>mīr baḥrī</i> (river tolls), -and other burdens which the <i>jāgīrdārs</i> of every -province and district had imposed for their own profit.</p> -<p class="par">(2) On roads where thefts and robberies took place, -which roads might be at a little distance from habitations, the -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb8" href="#pb8" name= -"pb8">8</a>]</span><i>jāgīrdārs</i> of the neighbourhood -should build <i>sarāʾīs</i> (public rest-houses), -mosques, and dig wells, which might stimulate population, and people -might settle down in those <i>sarāʾīs</i>. If these -should be near a <i>k͟hāliṣa</i> estate (under direct -State management), the administrator (<i>mutaṣaddī</i>) of -that place should execute the work.</p> -<p class="par"><a class="noteref" id="xd24e1155src" href="#xd24e1155" -name="xd24e1155src">12</a>(3) The bales of merchants should not be -opened on the roads without informing them and obtaining their -leave.</p> -<p class="par">(4) In my dominions if anyone, whether unbeliever or -Musalman, should die, his property and effects should be left for his -heirs, and no one should interfere with them. If he should have no -heir, they should appoint inspectors and separate guardians to guard -the property, so that its value might be expended in lawful -expenditure, such as the building of mosques and -<i>sarāʾīs</i>, the repair of broken bridges, and the -digging of tanks and wells.</p> -<p class="par">(5) They should not make wine or rice-spirit -(<i>darbahra</i>)<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1168src" href="#xd24e1168" -name="xd24e1168src">13</a> or any kind of intoxicating drug, or sell -them; although I myself drink wine, and from the age of 18 years up -till now, when I am 38, have persisted in it. When I first took a -liking to drinking I sometimes took as much as twenty cups of -double-distilled spirit; when by degrees it acquired a great influence -over me I endeavoured to lessen the quantity, and in the period of -seven years I have brought myself from fifteen cups to five or six. My -times for drinking were varied; sometimes when three or four sidereal -hours of the day remained I would begin to drink, and sometimes at -night and partly by day. This went on till I was 30 years old. After -that I took to drinking always at night. Now I drink only to digest my -food.</p> -<p class="par"><a class="noteref" id="xd24e1175src" href="#xd24e1175" -name="xd24e1175src">14</a>(6) They should not take possession of any -person’s house. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb9" href="#pb9" -name="pb9">9</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">(7) I forbade the cutting off the nose or ears of any -person, and I myself made a vow by the throne of God that I would not -blemish anyone by this punishment.</p> -<p class="par">(8) I gave an order that the officials of the Crown -lands and the <i>jāgīrdārs</i> should not forcibly take -the ryots’ lands and cultivate them on their own account.</p> -<p class="par">(9) A government collector or a -<i>jāgīrdār</i> should not without permission intermarry -with the people of the <i>pargana</i> in which he might be.</p> -<p class="par">(10) They should found hospitals in the great cities, -and appoint physicians for the healing of the sick; whatever the -expenditure might be, should be given from the -<i>k͟hāliṣa</i> establishment.</p> -<p class="par">(11) In accordance with the regulations of my revered -father, I ordered that each year from the 18th<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1202src" href="#xd24e1202" name="xd24e1202src">15</a> of -Rabīʿu-l-awwal, which is my birthday, for a number of days -corresponding to the years of my life, they should not slaughter -animals (for food). Two days in each week were also forbidden, one of -them Thursday, the day of my accession, and the other Sunday, the day -of my father’s birth. He held this day in great esteem on this -account, and because it was dedicated to the Sun, and also because it -was the day on which the Creation began. Therefore it was one of the -days on which there was no killing in his dominions.<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e1217src" href="#xd24e1217" name="xd24e1217src">16</a></p> -<p class="par">(12) I gave a general order that the offices and -<i>jāgīrs</i> of my father’s servants should remain as -they were. Later, the <i><span class="corr" id="xd24e1226" title= -"Source: manṣabs">mansabs</span></i> (ranks or offices) were -increased according to <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb10" href="#pb10" -name="pb10">10</a>]</span>each one’s circumstances by not less -than 20 per cent. to 300 or 400 per cent. The subsistence money of the -<i>aḥadīs</i> was increased by 50 per cent., and I raised -the pay of all domestics by 20 per cent. I increased the allowances of -all the veiled ladies of my father’s harem from 20 per cent. to -100 per cent., according to their condition and relationship. By one -stroke of the pen I confirmed the subsistence lands<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e1234src" href="#xd24e1234" name="xd24e1234src">17</a> of the -holders of <i>aimas</i> (charity lands) within the dominions, who form -the army of prayer, according to the deeds in their possession. I gave -an order to Mīrān Ṣadr Jahān, who is one of the -genuine Sayyids of India, and who for a long time held the high office -of <i>ṣadr</i> (ecclesiastical officer) under my father, that he -should every day produce before me deserving people (worthy of -charity). <a class="noteref" id="xd24e1250src" href="#xd24e1250" name= -"xd24e1250src">18</a>I released all criminals who had been confined and -imprisoned for a long time in the forts and prisons.<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e1256src" href="#xd24e1256" name="xd24e1256src">19</a></p> -<p class="par">At a propitious hour I ordered that they should coin -gold and silver of different weights. To each coin I gave a separate -name, viz., to the <i>muhr</i> of 100 <i>tola</i>, that of -<i>nūr-s͟hāhī</i>; to that of 50 <i>tola</i>, that -of <i>nūr-sult̤ānī</i>; to that of 20 <i>tola</i>, -<i>nūr-daulat</i>; to that of 10 <i>tola</i>, -<i>nūr-karam</i>; to that of 5 <i>tola</i>, <i>nūr-mihr</i>; -and to that of 1 <i>tola</i>, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb11" href= -"#pb11" name="pb11">11</a>]</span><i>nūr-jahānī</i>. The -half of this I called <i>nūrānī</i>, and the quarter, -<i>rawājī</i>. With regard to the silver coins -(<i>sikkas</i>). I gave to the coin of 100 <i>tola</i> the name of -<i>kaukab-i-t̤āliʿ</i> (star of horoscope); to that of -50 <i>tola</i>, the name of <i>kaukab-i-iqbāl</i> (star of -fortune); to that of 20 <i>tola</i>, the name of -<i>kaukab-i-murād</i> (star of desire); to that of 10 <i>tola</i>, -the name of <i>kaukab-i-bak͟ht</i> (star of good luck); to that of -5 <i>tola</i>, the name of <i>kaukab-i-saʿd</i> (star of -auspiciousness); to that of 1 <i>tola</i>, the name of -<i>jahāngīrī</i>. The half -<i>jahāngīrī</i> I called -<i>sult̤ānī</i>; the quarter, -<i>nisārī</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e1359src" href= -"#xd24e1359" name="xd24e1359src">20</a> (showering money); the dime, -<i>k͟hair-i-qabūl</i> (the acceptable). Copper, also, I -coined in the same proportions, and gave each division a particular -name. I ordered that on the gold <i>muhr</i> of 100, 50, 20, and 10 -<i>tola</i> the following verse by Āṣaf -K͟hān<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1384src" href="#xd24e1384" -name="xd24e1384src">21</a> should be impressed—namely, on the -obverse was this couplet:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Fate’s pen wrote on the coin in letters of -light,</p> -<p class="line">The S͟hāh Nūru-d-dīn -Jahāngīr”;</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">and between the lines of the verse the Creed -(<i>Kalima</i>) was impressed. On the reverse was this couplet, in -which the date of coinage was signified:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Through this coin is the world brightened as by -the sun,</p> -<p class="line">And the date thereof is ‘Sun of Dominion’ -(Āftāb-i-Mamlakat).”<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1402src" href="#xd24e1402" name="xd24e1402src">22</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">Between the lines of the verse, the mint, the -Hijra year, and the regnal year were impressed. On the -<i>nūr-jahānī</i>, which is in the place of the ordinary -gold <i>muhr</i> and exceeds it in weight by 20 per cent. (as 12 to -10), is impressed this couplet of the -Amīru-l-umarā:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“S͟hāh Nūru-d-dīn -Jahāngīr ibn Akbar Pāds͟hāh</p> -<p class="line">Made gold’s face bright with the sheen of sun and -moon.”</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb12" href="#pb12" name= -"pb12">12</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Accordingly, a hemistich was impressed on each face, and -also the mint, and the Hijra and regnal year. The -<i>jahāngīrī sikka</i>, also, which is greater in weight -by 20 per cent., was reckoned as equal to a rupee, its weight being -fixed in the same manner as that of the -<i>nūr-jahānī</i> (each was a <i>tola</i> in weight, but -one was in gold and the other was in silver). The weight of a -<i>tola</i> is 2½ <i>mis̤qāls</i> of Persia and -Tūrān.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1444src" href="#xd24e1444" -name="xd24e1444src">23</a></p> -<p class="par">It would not be good to give all the versified -chronograms which were made for my accession. I therefore content -myself with the one which Maktūb K͟hān, the -superintendent of the library and picture gallery, and one of my old -servants, composed—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“The second lord of conjunction, -S͟hāhins͟hāh Jahāngīr,</p> -<p class="line">With justice and equity sat on the throne of -happiness.</p> -<p class="line">Prosperity, Good Fortune, Wealth, Dignity, and -Victory,</p> -<p class="line">With loins girt in his service, stood rejoicing before -him.</p> -<p class="line">It became the date of the accession when Prosperity</p> -<p class="line">Placed his head at the feet of the -Ṣāḥib-Qirān-i-S̤ānī.”<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e1462src" href="#xd24e1462" name="xd24e1462src">24</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">To my son K͟husrau a lakh of rupees was -presented that he might build up for himself the house of Munʿim -K͟hān,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1476src" href="#xd24e1476" -name="xd24e1476src">25</a> the (former) -K͟hānk͟hānān, outside the fort. The -administration and government of the Panjab was bestowed on -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb13" href="#pb13" name= -"pb13">13</a>]</span>Saʿid K͟hān,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1481src" href="#xd24e1481" name="xd24e1481src">26</a> who was one -of the confidential nobles and connected with my father by marriage. -His origin was from the Moghul tribe, and his ancestors were in the -service of my forefathers. At the time of his taking leave, as it was -said that his eunuchs oppressed and tyrannized over the weak and the -poor, I sent a message to him that my justice would not put up with -oppression from anyone, and that in the scales of equity neither -smallness nor greatness was regarded. If after this any cruelty or -harshness should be observed on the part of his people, he would -receive punishment without favour.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1487src" -href="#xd24e1487" name="xd24e1487src">27</a></p> -<p class="par">Again, having previously bestowed on S͟haik͟h -Farīd Buk͟hārī, who had been <i>Mīr -Bak͟hs͟hī</i> in my father’s service, a dress of -honour, a jewelled sword, a jewelled inkstand and pen, I confirmed him -in the same post, and in order to exalt him I said to him, “I -regard thee as <i>Ṣāḥibu-s-saif-wa-l-qalam”</i> -(“Captain Sword and Captain Pen”). Muqīm,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e1498src" href="#xd24e1498" name= -"xd24e1498src">28</a> to whom my father had given at the end of his -reign the title of Wazīr K͟hān and the viziership of his -dominions, I selected for the same title, rank, and service. I also -gave K͟hwājagī Fatḥu-llah a dress of honour, and -made him a bakhshi, as formerly ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq -Maʿmūrī, although when I was prince he had left my -service without cause or reason and had gone over to my father, I made -bakhshi as formerly, and I gave him a dress of honour. To -Amīnu-d-daula, who when I was prince had the post of bakhshi, and -without my leave had run away and taken service with my revered father, -not looking to his offences I gave the office <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb14" href="#pb14" name="pb14">14</a>]</span>of -<i>Ātis͟h-i-begī</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e1505src" -href="#xd24e1505" name="xd24e1505src">29</a> (Head of the Artillery), -which he had held under my father. I left all those who were in -possession of posts, both inside and outside, in the positions which -they had with my father. S͟harīf K͟hān<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e1509src" href="#xd24e1509" name= -"xd24e1509src">30</a> had lived with me from his early years. When I -was prince I had given him the title of <i>k͟hān</i>, and -when I left Allahabad to wait upon my honoured father I presented him -with a drum and the <i>tūmān-tog͟h</i> (standard of -<i>yāk</i> tails). I had also promoted him to the rank of 2,500 -and given him the government of the province of Bihar. I gave him -complete control over the province, and sent him off there. On the 4th -of Rajab, being fifteen days after my accession, he waited upon me. I -was exceedingly pleased at his coming, for his connection with me is -such that I look upon him as a brother, a son, a friend, and a -companion. As I had perfect confidence in his friendship, intelligence, -learning, and acquaintance with affairs, having made him Grand Vizier, -I promoted him to the rank of 5,000 with 5,000 horse and the lofty -title of <i>Amīru-l-umarā</i>, to which no title of my -servants is superior. Though his position might have warranted a higher -rank, he himself represented to me that until some notable service on -his part had become perceptible to me he would not accept a higher -grade than that mentioned (5,000).</p> -<p class="par">As the reality of the loyalty of my father’s -servants had not yet become apparent, and certain faults and errors and -unbecoming intentions which were not approved at the throne of the -Creator or pleasing to His creatures had <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb15" href="#pb15" name="pb15">15</a>]</span>shown themselves, they of -themselves became ashamed. Though on the day of my accession I had -forgiven all offences and determined with myself that I would exact no -retribution for past deeds, yet on account of the suspicion that had -been aroused in my mind about them I considered the -Amīru-l-umarā my guardian and protector; although God -Almighty is the guardian of all His servants, and is especially so of -kings, because their existence is the cause of the contentment of the -world. His father, ʿAbdu-ṣ-Ṣamad, who in the art of -painting had no equal in the age, had obtained from the late king -(<i>Jannat-ās͟hyānī</i>) Humāyūn the -title of <i>S͟hīrīn-qalam</i> (Sweet pen), and in his -council had attained a great dignity and was on intimate terms with him -(the king). He was one of the chief men of S͟hīrāz. My -honoured father, on account of his former services, paid him great -honour and reverence. I made Raja Mān Singh—who was one of -the greatest and most trusted noblemen of my father, and had obtained -alliances with this illustrious family, inasmuch as his aunt had been -in my father’s house (i.e. was his wife),<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1542src" href="#xd24e1542" name="xd24e1542src">31</a> and I had -married his sister, and K͟husrau and his sister -Sult̤ānu-n-nisā Begam, the latter of whom is my eldest -child, were born of her—as before, ruler of the province of -Bengal. Though as in consequence of certain of his acts he had no -expectation of this favour towards himself, I dignified him with a -<i>chārqab</i> (vest without sleeves) as a robe of honour, a -jewelled sword, and <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb16" href="#pb16" -name="pb16">16</a>]</span>one of my own horses, and sent him off to his -province, which is a place of (or can keep up) 50,000 horse. His father -was Raja Bhagwān Dās. His grandfather, Raja Bihārī -Mal, was the first of the Kachwāha Rājpūts to have the -honour of entering my father’s service, and he excelled his tribe -in truth and sincerity of friendship, and in the quality of valour. -After my accession, when all the nobles with their retinues presented -themselves at my palace, it came into my mind that I should send this -body of retainers under my son, Sultan Parwīz, to make a holy war -against the Rānā, who was one of evil deeds, and a foul -infidel of the country of Hindustan, and in my father’s time had -had troops sent constantly against him, but had not been driven off. In -a fortunate hour I invested my said son with gorgeous robes of honour, -a jewelled waist-sword, a jewelled waist-dagger, and a rosary of pearls -intermixed with rubies of great price of the value of 72,000 rupees, -ʿIrāq and Turkmān horses and famous elephants, and -dismissed him. About 20,000 horsemen with nobles and chief leaders were -appointed to this service. The first was Āṣaf -K͟hān, who in my father’s time was one of his -confidential servants, and for a long time had been confirmed in the -post of bakhshi and afterwards became <i>dīwān ba -istiqlāl</i> (Chancellor with full powers); him I advanced from -the rank of an Amīr to that of Vizier, and promoting him from the -command of 2,500 horse to that of 5,000 made him guardian to -Parwīz. Having honoured him with a robe of honour, jewelled -waist-sword, a horse and an elephant, I ordered that all the -<i>manṣabdārs</i> (commanders), small and great, should not -depart from such orders as he thought proper to give them. I made -ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq Maʿmūrī his bakhshi and -Muk͟htār Beg, Āṣaf K͟hān’s -paternal uncle, diwan to Parwīz. I also presented to Raja -Jagannāth, son of Raja Bihārī Mal, who had the rank of -5,000, a robe of honour and a jewelled waist-sword.</p> -<p class="par">Again, I gave Rānā S͟hankar, cousin of -the Rānā—to <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb17" href= -"#pb17" name="pb17">17</a>]</span>whom my father had given the title of -Rānā, proposing to send him with K͟husrau against the -Rānā, but at that time he (Akbar) became a -<i>s͟hanqar</i> (a falcon, i.e. he died)—a robe of honour -and a jewelled sword, and sent him with him.</p> -<p class="par">I presented Mādho Singh, brother’s son of -Raja Mān Singh, and Rāwal Sāl Darbārī with -flags, from this consideration, that they were always present at Court -and belonged to the Sekhāwaṭ<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1566src" href="#xd24e1566" name="xd24e1566src">32</a> -Rājpūts, and were confidential servants of my father. Each -received also the rank of 3,000.</p> -<p class="par">I promoted S͟haik͟h Ruknu-d-dīn the -Afghan, to whom when I was prince I had given the title of -S͟hīr K͟hān, from the grade of 500 to that of 3,500 -S͟hīr K͟hān is the head of his clan and a very -valiant man. He lost his arm by the sword in service against the -Uzbegs.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1571src" href="#xd24e1571" name= -"xd24e1571src">33</a> ʿAbdu-r-Raḥmān, son of -S͟haik͟h Abū-l-faẓl, Mahā Singh, grandson of -Rāja Mān Singh, Zāhid K͟hān, son of Sādiq -K͟hān, Wazīr Jamīl, and Qarā K͟hān -Turkmān were exalted to the rank of 2,000; all these obtained -robes of honour and horses, and were dismissed. Manohar also obtained -leave to join the expedition. He is of the tribe of the -Sekhāwaṭ Kachhwāhas, and on him in his young days my -father bestowed many favours. He had learned the Persian language, and, -although from him up to Adam the power of understanding cannot be -attributed to any one of his tribe, he is not without intelligence. He -makes Persian verses, and the following is one of his -couplets:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“The object of shade in Creation is this:</p> -<p class="line">That no one place his foot on the light of my Lord, the -Sun.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1580src" href="#xd24e1580" name= -"xd24e1580src">34</a></p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb18" href="#pb18" name= -"pb18">18</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">If the details were to be described of all the -commanders and servants appointed by me, with the conditions and -connections and rank of each, it would be a long business. Many of my -immediate attendants and personal followers and nobles’ sons, -house-born ones (<i>k͟hānazādān</i>) and zealous -Rajputs, petitioned to accompany this expedition. A thousand ahadis, -the meaning of which is single ones (Blochmann, p. 20), were also -appointed. In short, a force was collected together such that if -reliance on the Friend (God) were vouchsafed, it could have embarked on -enmity and conflict with any one of the monarchs of power.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Soldiers came up from all sides,</p> -<p class="line">Seizing life from heroes of the world in battle;</p> -<p class="line">They had no fear of death from the sharp sword,</p> -<p class="line">No terror of water<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1603src" -href="#xd24e1603" name="xd24e1603src">35</a> and no flight from -fire;</p> -<p class="line">In valour singular, in vigour a crowd,</p> -<p class="line">Anvils in endurance, rocks in attack.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">When I was prince I had entrusted, in consequence -of my extreme confidence<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1615src" href= -"#xd24e1615" name="xd24e1615src">36</a> in him, my own <i>ūzuk</i> -seal<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1627src" href="#xd24e1627" name= -"xd24e1627src">37</a> to the Amīru-l-umarā -(S͟harīf), but when he was sent off to the province of Bihar -I made it over to Parwīz. Now that Parwīz went off against -the Rānā, I made it over, according to the former -arrangement, to the Amīru-l-umarā.</p> -<p class="par">Parwīz was born of -Ṣāḥib-Jamāl (Mistress of Beauty), <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb19" href="#pb19" name="pb19">19</a>]</span>the -cousin<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1640src" href="#xd24e1640" name= -"xd24e1640src">38</a> of Zain K͟hān Koka, who, in point of -affinity, was on the same footing<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1649src" -href="#xd24e1649" name="xd24e1649src">39</a> as Mirzā -ʿAzīz Koka, in the 34th year of my father’s reign, in -the city of Kabul, two years and two months after the birth of -K͟husrau. After several other children had been born to me and had -been received into God’s mercy, a daughter was born of -Karamsī,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1652src" href="#xd24e1652" -name="xd24e1652src">40</a> who belonged to the Rāṭhor clan, -and the child received the name of Bihār Bānū Begam. To -Jagat Gosāʾīn,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1655src" href= -"#xd24e1655" name="xd24e1655src">41</a> daughter of the Mota Raja (the -fat raja), was born Sult̤ān K͟hurram, in the 36th year -of my father’s reign, corresponding to <span class= -"sc">A.H.</span> 999,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1662src" href= -"#xd24e1662" name="xd24e1662src">42</a> in the city of Lahore. His -advent made the world joyous (<i>k͟hurram</i>),<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e1674src" href="#xd24e1674" name="xd24e1674src">43</a> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb20" href="#pb20" name= -"pb20">20</a>]</span>and gradually, as his years increased, so did his -excellencies, and he was more attentive to my father than all (my) -other children, who was exceedingly pleased with and grateful for his -services, and always recommended him to me and frequently told me there -was no comparison between him and my other children. He recognised him -as his real child.</p> -<p class="par">After that (K͟hurram’s birth) some other -children were born who died in infancy, and then within one month two -sons were borne by concubines. One of these I called Jahāndār -and the other S͟hahryār.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1681src" -href="#xd24e1681" name="xd24e1681src">44</a></p> -<p class="par">About this time there came a petition from Saʿid -K͟hān with regard to granting leave to Mīrzā -G͟hāzī, who was a son of the ruler of the province of -Thathah (Tattah in Sind).<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1686src" href= -"#xd24e1686" name="xd24e1686src">45</a> I said that as my father had -betrothed his sister to my son K͟husrau, please God, when this -alliance came into force, I would give him leave to return to Sind.</p> -<p class="par">A year before I became king I had determined that I -would drink no wine on Friday eve, and I hope at the throne of God that -He will keep me firm in this resolve as long as I live.</p> -<p class="par">Twenty thousand rupees were given to Mīrzā -Muḥammad Riẓā Sabzwārī to divide amongst the -faqirs and the needy of Delhi. The viziership of my dominions I gave in -the proportions of half and half to K͟hān Beg,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e1693src" href="#xd24e1693" name= -"xd24e1693src">46</a> to whom when I was prince I had given the title -of Wazīru-l-mulk, and to Wazīr K͟hān<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e1696src" href="#xd24e1696" name= -"xd24e1696src">47</a> (Muqīm), and I gave to S͟haik͟h -Farīd Buk͟hārī, who held the rank of 4,000, that of -5,000. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb21" href="#pb21" name= -"pb21">21</a>]</span>I promoted Rām Dās Kachhwāha, whom -my father had favoured, and who held the rank of 2,000, to that of -3,000. I sent dresses of honour to Mīrzā Rustam, son of -Mīrzā Sult̤ān Ḥusain and grandson of -S͟hāh Ismāʿīl, the ruler of Qandahar, and to -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm K͟hānk͟hānān, -son of Bairām K͟hān, and to Īraj and -Dārāb, his sons, and to other nobles attached to the Deccan -(command). Bark͟hūrdār, son of -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥmān, son of Muʾayyid Beg, as he had -come to court without a summons, I ordered back to his jagir. <a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e1701src" href="#xd24e1701" name= -"xd24e1701src">48</a>It is not according to good manners to go to the -king’s banquet without a summons, otherwise there would be no -forbidding of the doors and walls to the foot of desire.</p> -<p class="par">A month had elapsed after my auspicious accession when -Lāla Beg, who while I was prince had obtained the title of -Bāz Bahādur, obtained the blessing of waiting on me. His -rank, which had been 1,500, was raised to 4,000. I promoted him to the -Subah of Bihar and gave him 2,000 rupees. Bāz Bahādur is of -the lineage of the special attendants of our family; his father’s -name was Niz̤ām, and he was librarian to Humāyūn. -Kesho Dās Mārū, who is a Rājpūt of the -province of Mairtha and is greater in loyalty than his contemporaries, -I promoted to the rank of 1,500. I directed the <i>ʿulamā</i> -and the learned men of Islam to collect those of the distinctive -appellations of God which were easy to remember, in order that I might -make them into my rosary<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1709src" href= -"#xd24e1709" name="xd24e1709src">49</a> (<i>ward</i>). On Friday -eves<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1717src" href="#xd24e1717" name= -"xd24e1717src">50</a> I associate with learned and pious men, and with -dervishes and recluses. When Qilīj K͟hān, who was one of -the old retainers of the State in my revered father’s reign, was -appointed to the government of the province of Gujarat, I presented him -with a lakh of rupees for his expenses. I raised Mīrān -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb22" href="#pb22" name= -"pb22">22</a>]</span>Ṣadr Jahān from the rank of 2,000 to -that of 4,000. I knew him in my childhood when I read the “Forty -Sayings” with S͟haik͟h ʿAbdu-n-Nabī,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e1723src" href="#xd24e1723" name= -"xd24e1723src">51</a> whose history is given in detail in the -Akbarnāma. From these early days till now Mīrān -Ṣadr Jahān has acted towards me with single-minded loyalty, -and I regard him as my preceptor in religions matters -(<i>k͟halīfa</i>). Whilst I was prince and before my revered -father’s illness, and during that time, when the ministers -(pillars of the State) and the high nobles had become agitated, and -each had conceived some idea of gain for himself and wished to become -the originator of some act which could only bring ruin on the State, he -had not failed in the activity of his service and devotedness. Having -made ʿInāyat Beg,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1732src" href= -"#xd24e1732" name="xd24e1732src">52</a> who for a long period in the -reign of my father had been Master of Works -(<i>Dīwān-i-buyūtāt</i>) and held the rank of 700, -half-vizier of my dominions in the place of Wazīr K͟hān, -I gave him the high title of Iʿtimādu-d-daula with the rank -of 1,500, and I appointed Wazīr K͟hān to the -<i>Dīwānī</i> of the province of Bengal, and assigned to -him the settlement of the revenues thereof. To Patr Dās, who in -the time of my father had the title of Rāy Rāyān, I gave -the title of Raja Bikramājīt. The latter was one of the great -Rajas of India, and it was in his reign that astronomical observatories -were established in India. I made Patr Dās Master of Ordnance, and -ordered that he should always have light artillery<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e1741src" href="#xd24e1741" name="xd24e1741src">53</a> in the -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb23" href="#pb23" name= -"pb23">23</a>]</span>arsenal, 50,000 light guns<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1749src" href="#xd24e1749" name="xd24e1749src">54</a> and 3,000 -gun-carriages, ready and in efficient order. He was a -<i>khatrī</i> by caste, and rose in my father’s service from -being accountant of the elephants’ stables to be diwan and an -amir. He is not wanting in military qualities and in administrative -skill. I made K͟hurram, the son of K͟hān -Aʿz̤am (ʿAzīz Koka), who had had the rank of 2,000, -an officer of 2,500.</p> -<p class="par">As it was my desire that many of the Akbarī and -Jahāngīrī officers should obtain the fruition of their -wishes, I informed the bakhshis that whoever wished to have his -birthplace made into his jagir should make a representation to that -effect, so that in accordance with the Chingīz canon -(<i>tūra</i>) the estate might be conveyed to him by <i>āl -tamg͟hā</i> and become his property, and he might be secured -from apprehension of change. Our ancestors and forefathers were in the -habit of granting jagirs to everyone under proprietary title, and -adorned the farmans for these with the <i>āl tamg͟hā</i> -seal, which is an impressed seal made in vermilion (i.e. red ink). I -ordered that they should cover the place for the seal, with gold-leaf -(<i>t̤ilāpos͟h</i>) and impress the seal thereon, and I -called this the <i>altūn</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e1803src" -href="#xd24e1803" name="xd24e1803src">55</a> <i>tamg͟hā</i>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb24" href="#pb24" name= -"pb24">24</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">I had selected from the other sons of -S͟hāhruk͟h, Mīrzā Sult̤ān,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e1832src" href="#xd24e1832" name= -"xd24e1832src">56</a> son of Mīrzā S͟hāhruk͟h -the grandson of Mīrzā Sulaimān, who was a descendant -(great-grandson) of Mīrzā Sult̤ān Abū -Saʿīd and for a long time ruler of Badakhshan, and with -consent of my<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1835src" href="#xd24e1835" -name="xd24e1835src">57</a> revered father brought him into my service. -I count him as a son, and have promoted him to the rank of 1,000. I -also promoted Bhāo Singh, son of Raja Mān Singh and the most -capable of his sons, from his original rank to that of 1,500. I raised -Zamāna Beg,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1838src" href="#xd24e1838" -name="xd24e1838src">58</a> son of G͟hayūr Beg of Kabul, who -has served me personally from his childhood, and who, when I was -prince, rose from the grade of an ahadi to that of 500, giving him the -title of Mahābat K͟hān and the rank of 1,500. He was -confirmed as bakhshi of my private establishment -(<i>s͟hāgird-pīs͟ha</i>).</p> -<p class="par">I promoted Raja Bīr Singh Deo, a Bandela Rajput, -who had obtained my favour, and who excels his equals and relatives in -valour, personal goodness, and simple-heartedness, to the rank of -3,000. The reason for his advancement and for the regard shown to him -was that near the end of my revered father’s time, -S͟haik͟h Abū-l-faẓl, who excelled the -S͟haik͟hzādas of Hindustan in wisdom and learning, had -adorned himself outwardly with the jewel of sincerity, and sold it to -my father at a heavy price. He had been summoned from the Deccan, and, -since his feelings towards me were not honest, he both publicly and -privately spoke against me. At this period when, through -strife-exciting intriguers, the august feelings of my royal father were -entirely embittered against me, it was certain that if he obtained the -honour of waiting on him (Akbar) it would be the cause of more -confusion, and would preclude me <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb25" -href="#pb25" name="pb25">25</a>]</span>from the favour of union with -him (my father). It became necessary to prevent him from coming to -Court. As Bīr Singh Deo’s country was exactly on his route -and he was then a rebel, I sent him a message that if he would stop -that sedition-monger and kill him he would receive every kindness from -me. By God’s grace, when S͟haik͟h Abū-l-faẓl -was passing through Bīr Singh Deo’s country, the Raja -blocked his road, and after a little contest scattered his men and -killed him. He sent his head to me in Allahabad. Although this event -was a cause of anger in the mind of the late king (Akbar), in the end -it enabled me to proceed without disturbance of mind to kiss the -threshold of my father’s palace, and by degrees the resentment of -the king was cleared away.</p> -<p class="par">I made Mīr Ẓiyāʾu-d-dīn of -Qazwīn, who had done me service in the days of my princehood and -had shown loyalty, commander of 1,000 and accountant of the stables. An -order was given that every day thirty horses should be produced before -me for the purpose of making presents. I honoured Mīrzā -ʿAlī Akbars͟hāhī, who is one of the -distinguished braves of this family,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1850src" href="#xd24e1850" name="xd24e1850src">59</a> with the -rank of 4,000, and gave him the sarkar of Sambhal as his jagir.</p> -<p class="par">One day the Amīru-l-umarā (S͟harīf -K͟hān) greatly pleased me by an incidental remark. It was -this: “Honesty and dishonesty are not confined to matters of cash -and goods; to represent qualities as existing in acquaintances which -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb26" href="#pb26" name= -"pb26">26</a>]</span>do not exist, and to conceal the meritorious -qualities of strangers, is dishonesty. In truth, honesty of speech -consists in making no distinction between intimates and strangers and -in describing each man as he really is.”</p> -<p class="par">When I sent off Parwīz I had said to him, “If -the Rānā himself, and his eldest son who is called Karan, -should come to wait upon you and proffer service and obedience, you -should not do any injury to his territory.” My intention in this -recommendation was of two kinds; one, that inasmuch as the conquest of -Transoxiana was always in the pure mind of my revered father, though -every time he determined on it things occurred to prevent it, if this -business could be settled, and this danger dismissed from my mind, I -would leave Parwīz in Hindustan, and in reliance on Allah, myself -start for my hereditary territories, especially as at this time there -was no permanent ruler in that region. Bāqī K͟hān, -who, after ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān and -ʿAbdu-l-Muʾmīn K͟hān, his son, had acquired -complete independence, had died, and the affairs of Walī -Muḥammad K͟hān, his brother, who is now the ruler of -that region, had not as yet been brought into proper order. Secondly, -to bring about the termination of the war in the Deccan, of which a -part in the time of my revered father had been acquired, so that it -might come into possession, and be incorporated with the Imperial -dominions. My hope is that through the favour of Allah both these -undertakings will be accomplished.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Though a king should seize the seven -climes,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1893src" href="#xd24e1893" name= -"xd24e1893src">60</a></p> -<p class="line">He still would labour to take others.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">I promoted Mīrzā -S͟hāhruk͟h,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1900src" href= -"#xd24e1900" name="xd24e1900src">61</a> grandson of Mīrzā -Sulaimān, (once) the ruler of Badakhshan, who was nearly related -to <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb27" href="#pb27" name= -"pb27">27</a>]</span>my family, and held the rank of 5,000 in my -father’s service, to the rank of 7,000. The Mīrzā is a -true Turk in disposition and simple-minded. My father conferred great -honour on him, and whenever he bade his own sons sit he gratified him -also with this distinction. Notwithstanding the mischievous -propensities of the people of Badakhshan, the Mīrzā in this -familiarity never left the right road, or undertook anything that might -lead to unpleasantness. I confirmed him in the Subah of Malwa just as -my father had kindly conferred it on him.</p> -<p class="par">I conferred on K͟hwāja ʿAbdu-llah, who is -of the Naqs͟hbandī family, and in the commencement of his -service was an ahadi, and who had risen by degrees to the command of -1,000, but without reason had gone into my father’s service, the -rank and jagir my father had conferred on him. Although I considered it -best for my own prosperity that my attendants and people should go into -his (Akbar’s) service, yet this had occurred without my leave, -and I was rather annoyed at it. But the fact is that he is a manly and -zealous man; if he had not committed this fault he would have been a -faultless hero (<i>jawān</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Abū-n-nabī,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1912src" href="#xd24e1912" name="xd24e1912src">62</a> the -Ūzbeg, who is one of the distinguished inhabitants of -Māwarāʾa-n-nahr and in the time of -ʿAbdu-l-Muʾmīn K͟hān was governor of Mashhad, -obtained the rank of 1,500.</p> -<p class="par">S͟haik͟h Ḥasan is the son of -S͟haik͟h Bahā.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1917src" href= -"#xd24e1917" name="xd24e1917src">63</a> From the days of his childhood -to this day he has always been in my service and in attendance on me, -and when I was prince was distinguished by the title of Muqarrab -K͟hān. He was very active and alert in his service, and in -hunting would often traverse long distances by my side. He is -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb28" href="#pb28" name= -"pb28">28</a>]</span>skilful with the arrow and the gun, and in surgery -is the most skilful of his time. His ancestors also had been well -practised in this profession. After my accession, in consequence of the -perfect confidence I had in him, I sent him to Burhanpur to bring the -children and dependants of my brother Dāniyāl to wait on me, -and sent a message to the K͟hānk͟hānān in low -and high words<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1922src" href="#xd24e1922" -name="xd24e1922src">64</a> and profitable admonitions. Muqarrab -K͟hān performed this service correctly and in a short time, -and, clearing off the suspicions which had entered the minds of the -K͟hānk͟hānān and the nobles of that place, -brought those who had been left behind by my brother in safety and -security, together with his establishment and property and effects, to -Lahore, and there presented them before me.</p> -<p class="par">I promoted Naqīb K͟hān,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e1934src" href="#xd24e1934" name="xd24e1934src">65</a> who is -one of the genuine Sayyids of Qazwīn and is called -G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn ʿAlī, to the rank of -1,500. My father had distinguished him with the title of Naqīb -K͟hān, and in his service he had complete intimacy and -consideration. Shortly after his accession he (Akbar) had discussed -several matters with him, and from this familiarity he called him -<i>āk͟hūnd</i>. He has no equal or rival in the science -of history and in biographies. There is in this day no chronologist -like him in the inhabited world. From the beginning of Creation till -the present time, he has by heart the tale of the four quarters of the -world. Has Allah granted to any other person such faculty of memory? -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb29" href="#pb29" name= -"pb29">29</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">S͟haik͟h Kabīr, who was of the family of -the venerable S͟haik͟h Salīm, I had honoured with the -title of S͟hajāʿat K͟hān when I was prince, on -account of his manliness and bravery. I now selected him for the rank -of 1,000.</p> -<p class="par">On Shaʿbān 27th (28th December, 1605) a -strange thing was done by the sons of Akhayrāj, son of -Bhagwān Dās, the paternal uncle<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1945src" href="#xd24e1945" name="xd24e1945src">66</a> of Raja -Mān Singh. These unlucky ones, who bore the names of Abhay -Rām, Bijay Rām, and Shyām Rām, were exceedingly -immoderate. Notwithstanding that the aforesaid Abhay Rām had done -improper (disproportioned) acts, I had winked at his faults. When at -this date it was represented to me that this wretch was desirous of -despatching his wives and children without leave to his own country and -afterwards of himself running away to the Rānā, who is not -loyal to this family, I referred to Rām Dās and other Rajput -nobles, and said to them that if any one of them would become security -for them, I would confirm the rank and jagir of those wretches, and -passing over their offences would forgive them. In consequence of their -excessive turbulence and bad disposition no one became security. I told -the Amīru-l-umarā that as no one would be bound for them, -they must be handed over to the charge of one of the servants of the -Court until security was forthcoming. The Amīru-l-umarā gave -them over to Ibrāhīm K͟hān Kākar, who was -afterwards dignified with the title of Dilāwar K͟hān, -and Ḥātim,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1948src" href= -"#xd24e1948" name="xd24e1948src">67</a> second son of Manglī, who -held the title of S͟hāhnawāz K͟hān.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e1951src" href="#xd24e1951" name= -"xd24e1951src">68</a> When these wished to disarm these foolish people, -they refused, and, not observing the dues of good manners, began, -together with their servants, to quarrel and fight. The -Amīru-l-umarā reported the circumstance to me, and I ordered -them to be <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb30" href="#pb30" name= -"pb30">30</a>]</span>punished according to their deeds. He betook -himself to driving them off, and I sent S͟haik͟h Farīd -also after him. One Rajput armed with a sword, and another with a -dagger stood up to the Amīru-l-umarā. One of his attendants -named Qut̤b engaged the man with the dagger and was killed. The -Rajput also was cut to pieces. One of the Afghan attendants of the -Amīru-l-umarā attacked the one who had the sword and killed -him. Dilāwar K͟hān drew his dagger and turned towards -Abhay Rām, who with two others was holding his ground, and after -wounding one of these fell down after receiving wounds from the three. -Some of the ahadis and the men of the Amīru-l-umarā opposed -and slew these doomed men. A Rajput drew his sword and turned to -S͟haik͟h Farīd; he was met by a Ḥabs͟hī -slave, who brought him down. This disturbance took place in the -courtyard of the public palace. That punishment served as a warning to -many who had not looked to consequences. Abū-n-nabī<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e1956src" href="#xd24e1956" name= -"xd24e1956src">69</a> represented that if such a deed had been done in -the Ūzbeg country the whole family and connections of that band of -men would have been destroyed. I replied that as these people had been -treated kindly and educated by my revered father I carried on the same -benevolence to them, and justice demands that many shall not be -chastised for the fault of one.</p> -<p class="par">S͟haik͟h Ḥusain Jāmī, who now -sits on the cushion of <i>darwīs͟hī</i> and is one of -the disciples of the dervish of Shiraz,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1964src" href="#xd24e1964" name="xd24e1964src">70</a> had written -to me from Lahore six months before my accession that he had seen in a -dream that saints and pious men had delivered over the affairs of the -kingdom to that <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb31" href="#pb31" name= -"pb31">31</a>]</span>chosen one of the Court of Allah -(Jahāngīr), and that, rejoicing in this good news, he should -await the event, and that he hoped that when it had occurred, the -faults of K͟hwāja Zakariyyā, who was one of the -Aḥrāriyya,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1972src" href= -"#xd24e1972" name="xd24e1972src">71</a> would be pardoned.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e1975src" href="#xd24e1975" name= -"xd24e1975src">72</a></p> -<p class="par">I conferred on Tās͟h Beg Furjī,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e1980src" href="#xd24e1980" name= -"xd24e1980src">73</a> who was one of the old servants of the State, and -whom my father had honoured with the title of Tāj K͟hān, -and who had the rank of 2,000, that of 3,000, and I raised -Tuk͟hta<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1983src" href="#xd24e1983" -name="xd24e1983src">74</a> Beg Kābulī from the rank of 2,500 -to that of 3,000. He is a brave and active man, and was greatly trusted -in the service of my uncle, Mīrzā Muḥammad -Ḥakīm. I promoted Abū-l-Qāsim -Tamkīn,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e1986src" href="#xd24e1986" -name="xd24e1986src">75</a> who was one of my father’s old -servants, to the rank of 1,500. There are few men such as he for -abundance of children; he has thirty sons, and if his daughters do not -number so many they must be half that number. I dignified -S͟haik͟h ʿAlāʾu-d-dīn, grandson of -S͟haik͟h Salīm, who had strong connections with me, with -the title of Islām K͟hān, and promoted him to the rank -of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb32" href="#pb32" name= -"pb32">32</a>]</span>2,000. He had grown up with me from his childhood, -and may be a year younger than I. He is a brave and well-dispositioned -youth, and is distinguished in every way above his family. Till now he -has never drunk intoxicating drinks, and his sincerity towards me is -such that I have honoured him with the title of son.</p> -<p class="par">I have bestowed on ʿAlī Aṣg͟har -Bārha, who has not a rival in bravery and zeal, and is the son of -Sayyid Maḥmūd K͟hān Bārha, one of my -father’s old nobles, the title of Saif K͟hān, and thus -distinguished him amongst his equals and connections. He is evidently a -brave youth. He was always one of the confidential men who went with me -to hunt and to other places. He has never in his life drunk anything -intoxicating, and as he has abstained in his youth he probably will -attain high dignities. I granted him the rank of 3,000.</p> -<p class="par">I promoted Farīdūn, son of Muḥammad -Qulī K͟hān Barlās, who held the rank of 1,000, to -that of 2,000. Farīdūn is one of the tribe of -Chag͟hatāy, and is not devoid of manliness and courage.</p> -<p class="par">I promoted S͟haik͟h Bāyazīd, -grandson of S͟haik͟h Salīm, who held the rank of 2,000, -to that of 3,000. The first person who gave me milk, but for not more -than a day, was the mother of S͟haik͟h Bāyazīd.</p> -<p class="par"><a class="noteref" id="xd24e1998src" href="#xd24e1998" -name="xd24e1998src">76</a>One day I observed to the Pandits, that is, -the wise men of the Hindus, “If the doctrines of your religion -are based on the incarnation of the Holy Person of God Almighty in ten -different forms by the process of metempsychosis, they are virtually -rejected by the intelligent. This pernicious idea requires that the -Sublime Cause, who is void of all limitations, should be possessed of -length, breadth, and thickness. If the purpose is the manifestation of -the Light of God in these bodies, that of itself is existent equally in -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb33" href="#pb33" name= -"pb33">33</a>]</span>all created things, and is not peculiar to these -ten forms. If the idea is to establish some one of God’s -attributes, even then there is no right notion, for in every faith and -code there are masters of wonders and miracles distinguished beyond the -other men of their age for wisdom and eloquence.”<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e2003src" href="#xd24e2003" name= -"xd24e2003src">77</a> After much argument and endless controversy, they -acknowledged a God of Gods, devoid of a body or accidents,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e2006src" href="#xd24e2006" name= -"xd24e2006src">78</a> and said, “As our imagination fails to -conceive a formless personality (<i>ẕāt-i-mujarrad</i>), we -do not find any way to know Him without the aid of a form. We have -therefore made these ten forms the means of conceiving of and knowing -Him.” Then said I, “How can these forms be a means of your -approaching the Deity?”</p> -<p class="par">My father always associated with the learned of every -creed and religion, especially with Pandits and the learned of India, -and although he was illiterate, so much became clear to him through -constant intercourse with the learned and wise, in his conversations -with them, that no one knew him to be illiterate, and he was so -acquainted with the niceties of verse and prose compositions that his -deficiency was not thought of.</p> -<p class="par">In his august personal appearance he was of middle -height, but inclining to be tall; he was of the hue of wheat; his eyes -and eyebrows were black, and his complexion rather dark than fair; he -was lion-bodied,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2016src" href="#xd24e2016" -name="xd24e2016src">79</a> with a broad chest, and his hands and arms -long. On the left side of his nose he had a fleshy mole, very agreeable -in appearance, of the size <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb34" href= -"#pb34" name="pb34">34</a>]</span>of half a pea. Those skilled in the -science of physiognomy considered this mole a sign of great prosperity -and exceeding good fortune. His august voice was very loud, and in -speaking and explaining had a peculiar richness. In his actions and -movements he was not like the people of the world, and the glory of God -manifested itself in him.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Greatness in his manner, kingship in his -lineage,</p> -<p class="line">As if Solomon would have put the ring on his -finger.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2033src" href="#xd24e2033" -name="xd24e2033src">80</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">Three months after my birth my sister, -S͟hāhzāda K͟hānam, was born to one of the -royal concubines; they gave her over to his (Akbar’s) mother, -Maryam Makānī. After her a son was born to one of the -concubines, and received the name of S͟hāh Murād. As his -birth occurred in the hill country of Fatḥpūr, he was -nicknamed <i>Pahārī</i>. When my revered father sent him to -conquer the Deccan, he had taken to excessive drinking through -associating with unworthy persons, so that he died in his 30th year, in -the neighbourhood of Jālnāpūr, in the province of Berar. -His personal appearance was fresh-coloured; he was thin in body and -tall of stature. Dignity and authority were evident in his movements, -and manliness and bravery manifested themselves in his ways. On the -night of Jumādā-l-awwal 10th, <span class="sc">A.H.</span> -979 (September, 1572), another son was born to one of the concubines. -As his birth took place at Ajmīr in the house of one of the -attendants of the blessed shrine of the reverend K͟hwāja -Muʿīnu-d-dīn Chis͟htī, whose name was -S͟haik͟h Dāniyāl, this child was called -Dāniyāl.</p> -<p class="par">After the death of my brother S͟hāh -Murād, he (Akbar), towards the end of his reign, sent -Dāniyāl to conquer the Deccan and followed him himself. When -my revered father was besieging Āsīr (Āsīrgarh) he, -with a large body of nobles such as the -K͟hānk͟hānān and his sons and Mīrzā -Yūsuf K͟hān, invested the fort of Ahmadnagar, and it -came <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb35" href="#pb35" name= -"pb35">35</a>]</span>into the possession of the victorious officers -about the time that Āsīr was taken. After my father -ʿArs͟h-ās͟hyānī had returned in -prosperity and victory from Burhanpur towards his capital, he gave the -province to Dāniyāl and left him in possession of that -territory. Dāniyāl took to improper ways, like his brother -S͟hāh Murād, and soon died from excessive drinking, in -the 33rd year of his age. His death occurred in a peculiar way. He was -very fond of guns and of hunting with the gun. He named one of his guns -<i>yaka u janāza</i>, ‘the same as the bier,’ and -himself composed this couplet and had it engraved on the -gun:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“From the joy of the chase with thee, life is -fresh and new;</p> -<p class="line">To everyone whom thy dart strikes, ‘tis the same -as his bier.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2056src" href= -"#xd24e2056" name="xd24e2056src">81</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">When his drinking of wine was carried to excess, -and the circumstance was reported to my father, farmans of reproach -were sent to the K͟hānk͟hānān. Of course he -forbade it, and placed cautious people to look after him properly. When -the road to bring wine was completely closed, he began to weep and to -importune some of his servants, and said: “Let them bring me wine -in any possible way.” He said to Murs͟hid Qulī -K͟hān, a musketeer who was in his immediate service: -“Pour some wine into this <i>yaka u janāza</i>, and bring it -to me.” That wretch, in hope of favour, undertook to do this, and -poured double-distilled spirit into the gun, which had long been -nourished on gunpowder and the scent thereof, and brought it. The rust -of the iron was dissolved by the strength of the spirit and mingled -with it, and the prince no sooner drank of it than he fell down.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“No one should draw a bad omen:<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e2075src" href="#xd24e2075" name="xd24e2075src">82</a></p> -<p class="line">If he does, he draws it for himself.”</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb36" href="#pb36" name= -"pb36">36</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Dāniyāl was of pleasing figure, of exceedingly -agreeable manners and appearance; he was very fond of elephants and -horses. It was impossible for him to hear of anyone as having a good -horse or elephant and not take it from him. He was fond of Hindi songs, -and would occasionally compose verses with correct idiom in the -language of the people of India, which were not bad.</p> -<p class="par">After the birth of Dāniyāl a daughter was born -to Bībī Daulat-S͟hād whom they named -S͟hakaru-n-nisā Begam.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2091src" -href="#xd24e2091" name="xd24e2091src">83</a> As she was brought up in -the skirt of my revered father’s care, she turned out very well. -She is of good disposition and naturally compassionate towards all -people. From infancy and childhood she has been extremely fond of me, -and there can be few such relationships between brother and sister. The -first time when, according to the custom of pressing the breast of a -child and a drop of milk is perceptible, they pressed my sister’s -breast and milk appeared, my revered father said to me: -“Bābā! drink this milk, that in truth this sister may -be to thee as a mother.” God, the knower of secrets, knows that -from that day forward, after I drank that drop of milk, I have felt -love for my sister such as children have for their mothers.</p> -<p class="par">After some time another girl was born to this same -Bībī Daulat-S͟hād, and he (Akbar) called her -Ārām Bānū Begam.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2096src" href="#xd24e2096" name="xd24e2096src">84</a> Her -disposition was on the whole inclined to excitement and heat. My father -was very fond of her, so much so that he described her impolitenesses -as politenesses, and in his august sight they, from his great love, did -not appear bad. Repeatedly he honoured me by addressing me, and said: -“Bābā! for my sake be as kind as I am, after me, to -this sister, who in Hindi phrase is my darling <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb37" href="#pb37" name="pb37">37</a>]</span>(that -is, dearly cherished). Be affectionate to her and pass over her little -impolitenesses and impudences.”</p> -<p class="par">The good qualities of my revered father are beyond the -limit of approval and the bounds of praise. If books were composed with -regard to his commendable dispositions, without suspicion of -extravagance, and he be not looked at as a father would be by his son, -even then but a little out of much could be said.</p> -<p class="par">Notwithstanding his kingship and his treasures and his -buried wealth, which were beyond the scope of counting and imagination, -his fighting elephants and Arab horses, he never by a hair’s -breadth placed his foot beyond the base of humility before the throne -of God, but considered himself the lowest of created beings, and never -for one moment forgot God.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Always, everywhere, with everyone, and in every -circumstance,</p> -<p class="line">Keep the eye of thy heart secretly fixed on the -Beloved.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">The professors of various faiths had room in the -broad expanse of his incomparable sway. This was different from the -practice in other realms, for in Persia<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2113src" href="#xd24e2113" name="xd24e2113src">85</a> there is -room for Shias only, and in Turkey, India, and Tūrān there is -room for Sunnis only.</p> -<p class="par">As in the wide expanse of the Divine compassion there is -room for all classes and the followers of all creeds, so, on the -principle that the Shadow<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2118src" href= -"#xd24e2118" name="xd24e2118src">86</a> must have the same properties -as the Light, in his dominions, which on all sides were limited only by -the salt sea, there was room for the professors of opposite religions, -and for beliefs good and bad, and the road to altercation was closed. -Sunnis and Shias met in one mosque, and Franks and Jews in one church, -and observed their own forms of worship. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb38" href="#pb38" name="pb38">38</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">He associated with the good of every race and creed and -persuasion, and was gracious to all in accordance with their condition -and understanding. He passed his nights in wakefulness, and slept -little in the day; the length of his sleep during a whole night and day -(<i>nycthemeron</i>) was not more than a watch and a half. He counted -his wakefulness at night as so much added to his life. His courage and -boldness were such that he could mount raging, rutting elephants, and -subdue to obedience murderous elephants which would not allow their own -females near them—although even when an elephant is bad-tempered -he does no harm to the female or his driver—and which were in a -state in which they might have killed their drivers or the females, or -not have allowed their approach. He would place himself on a wall or -tree near which an elephant was passing that had killed its mahout and -broken loose from restraint, and, putting his trust in God’s -favour, would throw himself on its back and thus by merely mounting, -would bring it under control and tame it. This was repeatedly seen.</p> -<p class="par">He ascended the throne in his 14th year. Hemū, the -infidel whom the Afghan ruler had raised to high station, collected a -wonderful force after King Humāyūn’s death with a stud -of elephants such as no ruler of Hindustan had at that time, and he -went towards Delhi. Humāyūn had appointed Akbar to drive off -some of the Afghans from the foot-hills of the Panjab, but just then he -exemplified the hemistich which is a description of the accident and -the chronogram of his death—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“The august monarch (Humāyūn) fell from -the roof. The news (of the death) was conveyed to my father by -Naz̤ar-jīvī.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2132src" -href="#xd24e2132" name="xd24e2132src">87</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">Bairām K͟hān, who was then his -tutor, having collected the nobles who were in the province, chose an -auspicious <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb39" href="#pb39" name= -"pb39">39</a>]</span>hour and seated him on the throne of rule in -pargana Kalānūr, near Lahore.</p> -<p class="par">When Hemū reached the neighbourhood of Delhi, -Tardī Beg K͟hān and a large force that was in the city -drew up to oppose him. When the preparations for the combat had been -made the armies attacked one another, and, after considerable -endeavours and strife, defeat fell on Tardī Beg K͟hān -and the Moguls, and the army of darkness overcame the army of -light.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“All things and battles and fights are of -God,</p> -<p class="line">He knows whose will be the victory.</p> -<p class="line">From the blood of the brave and the dust of the -troops,</p> -<p class="line">The earth grew red and the heavens black.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">Tardī Beg K͟hān and the other -defeated ones took the road to my revered father’s camp. As -Bairām K͟hān disliked Tardī Beg, he made this -defeat an excuse to put him to death.</p> -<p class="par">A second time, through the pride engendered in the mind -of this accursed infidel by his victory, he came out of Delhi with his -force and elephants and advanced, while the glorious standards of His -Majesty (Akbar) proceeded from Kalānūr for the purpose of -driving him away. The armies of darkness and light met in the -neighbourhood of Panipat, and on Thursday, Muḥarram 2nd, A.H. 964 -(November 5th, 1556), a fight took place. In the army of Hemū were -30,000 brave fighting horsemen, while the <i>g͟hāzīs</i> -of the victorious army were not more than 4,000 or 5,000. On that day -Hemū was riding an elephant named Hawāʾī. Suddenly -an arrow struck the eye of that infidel and came out at the back of his -head. His army, on seeing this, took to flight. By chance -S͟hāh Qulī K͟hān Maḥram with a few brave -men came up to the elephant on which was the wounded Hemū, and -would have shot an arrow at the driver, but he cried “Do not kill -me; Hemū is on this elephant.” A number of men immediately -conveyed Hemū as he was to the king (Akbar). Bairām -K͟hān represented <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb40" href= -"#pb40" name="pb40">40</a>]</span>that it would be proper if the king -with his own hand should strike the infidel with a sword, so that -obtaining the reward of a g͟hāzī (warrior of the Faith) -he might use this title on the imperial farmans. The king answered, -“I have cut him in pieces before this,” and explained: -“One day, in Kabul, I was copying a picture in presence of -K͟hwājaʿAbdu-ṣ-Ṣamad S͟hīrīn -Qalam, when a form appeared from my brush, the parts of which were -separate and divided from each other. One of those near asked, -‘Whose picture is this?’ It came to my tongue to say that -it was the likeness of Hemū.” Not defiling his hand with his -(Hemū’s) blood, he told one of his servants to cut off his -head. Those killed in the defeated army numbered 5,000 in addition to -those who fell in various places round about.</p> -<p class="par">Another of the well-known deeds of Akbar was the -victorious expedition against Gujarat, and his rapid march there, at -the time when Mīrzā Ibrāhīm Ḥusain, -Muḥammad Ḥusain Mīrzā, and S͟hāh -Mīrzā revolted from this State and went towards Gujarat, and -all the nobles of that province, combining with the turbulent of those -parts, besieged the fort of Ahmadabad in which was Mīrzā -ʿAzīz Koka with the royal army. His Majesty, in consequence -of the distracted state of Jījī Angā, the mother of the -last-named Mīrzā, started for Gujarat with a body of royal -troops without delay from the capital of Fatḥpūr. Having -covered in the space of nine days the long road which it should take -two months to accomplish, sometimes on horseback, sometimes on a camel -or in a bullock-cart, he arrived at Sarnāl.</p> -<p class="par">When, on 5th Jumādā-l-awwal, 980 (September -15th, 1572), he reached the neighbourhood of the enemy’s camp, he -consulted with those who were loyal to him. Some said he should make a -night attack on the camp. His Majesty, however, said that a night -attack was the resort of the faint-hearted and the way of the -deceitful, and immediately gave orders to beat the drums and set the -horsemen <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb41" href="#pb41" name= -"pb41">41</a>]</span>at them. When the river Sābar Mahī -(Sābarmatī) was reached, he ordered his men to cross it in -order. Muḥammad Ḥusain Mīrzā was agitated by the -noise of the army of victory, and himself came forward to reconnoitre. -Subḥān Qulī Turk, also with a troop of brave men, went -to the river’s bank to enquire into the enemy’s position. -The Mīrzā asked what troops these were. Subḥān -Qulī replied that they were of the army of King -Jalālu-d-dīn Akbar. That ill-fated one would not believe -this, and said his spies had seen the king fourteen days before in -Fatḥpūr, and that it was clear Subḥān Qulī -was lying. To this Subḥān Qulī rejoined, “Nine -days ago the king with this expedition started from -Fatḥpūr.” “How could elephants have -come?”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2166src" href="#xd24e2166" -name="xd24e2166src">88</a> asked the Mīrzā. “What need -was there of elephants?” answered Subḥān Qulī. -“Young men and heroes who cleave rocks, and are better than -famous and raging elephants, have come; the difference between loyalty -and sedition will now become known.” The Mīrzā, after -this conversation, turned aside and began to marshal his troops. The -king waited until his advanced guard sent word that the enemy had put -on their armour. He then moved forward, and although he sent several -times to order the K͟hān Aʿz̤am to advance, the -latter stood still. It was said to Akbar that, as the enemy was in -force, it would be well to remain on his side of the river until the -army of Gujarat arrived from within the fort. His Majesty answered: -“Always, and especially in this affair, I have put my trust in -God. If I had considered routine, I should not have come in this rapid -manner. Now that our foe is ready for the fight, we ought not to -delay.” With these words, and with his innate reliance on God as -his shield, he put his horse into the river with a few chosen men whom -he had appointed to ride with him. Though it was not supposed -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb42" href="#pb42" name= -"pb42">42</a>]</span>that there was a ford, he crossed in safety. He -had called for his helmet, but in the agitation of bringing it his -armour-bearer dropped the face-guard (<i>buffe</i>). His comrades did -not regard this as a good omen, but he said at once, “It is an -excellent omen, for it has revealed my face.”<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e2174src" href="#xd24e2174" name="xd24e2174src">89</a> Meantime -the wretched Mīrzā arrayed his ranks to fight his -benefactor.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“If thou come out (to fight) with thy -benefactor,</p> -<p class="line">If thou wert the sphere, thou wouldest be -reversed.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">The K͟hān Aʿz̤am had had no -idea that the king would cast the shadow of his compassion on these -regions with such speed and eagerness, and he believed no one who gave -him news of that arrival, until convinced by visible proof. Then, -arraying the army of Gujarat, he prepared to march. Meanwhile -Āṣaf K͟hān also sent news to him. Before his army -issued from the fort the enemy had appeared from amongst the trees. The -king, taking the Divine aid as the security of his courage, started -off. Muḥammad Qulī K͟hān Turk and Tardī -K͟hān Dīwāna came forward with a band of brave -followers, and after a little fighting turned rein. On this His Majesty -said to Bhagwān Dās, “The enemy are unnumbered and we -are few; we must attack with one face and one heart; for a clenched -fist is more useful than an open hand.” With these words he drew -his sword, and with shout of <i>Allahu-akbar</i> and <i>Yā -Muʿīn</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e2192src" href= -"#xd24e2192" name="xd24e2192src">90</a> charged with those devoted to -him.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“The sense of the age evaporated with the -clamour,</p> -<p class="line">The ear of the heavens was split with the -shouts.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">The royal right and left wings and a band of brave -men in the centre fought with valour. Stars -(<i>kaukabāʾī</i>), which are a kind of firework, were -lighted by the enemy; they <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb43" href= -"#pb43" name="pb43">43</a>]</span>twisted about among the thorn-bushes, -and created such confusion that a noted elephant of the enemy began to -move and threw their troops into disarray. With this the royal centre -came up and dispersed Muḥammad Ḥusain and his force. -Mān Singh Darbārī overcame his foe under the -king’s eyes, and Rāgho Dās Kachhwāha sacrificed -his life. Muḥammad Wafā, who was of the house-born of the -State, behaving very bravely, fell wounded from his horse. By the -favour of the Creator who cherishes His servants, and simply through -the courage and good fortune of the exalted king, the enemy were -scattered and defeated. In gratitude for this great victory the king -turned his face in supplication to the throne of his merciful Maker, -and poured forth his thanks.</p> -<p class="par">One of the kalāwants (musicians) represented to His -Majesty that Saif K͟hān Kokaltās͟h had offered the -coin of his life in loyalty to the State, and on enquiry it appeared -that when Muḥammad Ḥusain Mīrzā with some of his -riffraff was attacking the centre Saif K͟hān met him and -fighting valiantly became a martyr. The Mīrzā himself was -wounded by the hands of the brave men of the main body. The -Kokaltās͟h mentioned is the elder brother of Zain -K͟hān Koka.</p> -<p class="par">A strange circumstance was this: on the day before the -battle, when the king was eating, he asked Hazāra, who was learned -in the science of looking at the shoulder-blades (a kind of -divination), to see on whose side the victory would be. Hazāra -said: “The victory will be on your side, but one of the chiefs of -your army will become a martyr.” Whereupon Saif K͟hān -Koka said “Would that this blessing might fall to my -lot!”</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Many an omen that we have treated as -jest<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2214src" href="#xd24e2214" name= -"xd24e2214src">91</a></p> -<p class="line">Became true when the star passed by.”</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb44" href="#pb44" name= -"pb44">44</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">In short, Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusain -turned his reins, but his horse’s feet became entangled in the -thorn-brake and he fell. An ahadi of the king, Gadā ʿAlī -by name, found him, and having mounted him before him on his horse took -him to the king. As two or three claimed a share in his capture, His -Majesty asked who had made him prisoner. “The king’s -salt,” he answered. The king ordered his hands, that had been -fastened behind him, to be tied in front. Meanwhile he asked for water. -Farḥat K͟hān, who was one of the confidential slaves, -struck him on the head, but the king, disapproving of this, sent for -his private drinking water and satisfied his thirst. Up to this time -Mīrzā ʿAzīz Koka and the garrison of the fort had -not come out. After the capture of the Mīrzā, His Majesty was -proceeding slowly towards Ahmadabad. He had delivered the -Mīrzā to Rāy Rāy Singh Rāṭhor, one of -the Rajput chiefs, to be put on an elephant and brought with him. -Meanwhile Ik͟htiyāru-l-mulk, who was one of the influential -Gujarati leaders, made his appearance with an army of nearly 5,000 men. -Complete confusion fell upon the royal troops. The king, as his natural -valour and lofty disposition required, ordered the drums to be beaten, -and Shajāʾat K͟hān, Rāja Bhagwān -Dās, and some others charged on in front to fight this force. -Fearing that the enemy might get possession of Mīrzā -Muḥammad Ḥusain, Rāy Rāy Singh’s men, by -the advice and plan of the aforesaid Raja (Bhagwān Dās), cut -off his head. My father did not want to kill him. The forces of -Ik͟htiyāru-l-mulk also were dispersed, and he was thrown from -his horse into the thorn thicket. Suhrāb Beg Turkmān cut off -his head and brought it in. It was only by the grace and power of God -that such a victory was won by a small number of men.</p> -<p class="par">In the same way are beyond all reckoning the conquest of -the province of Bengal, the capture of well-known and celebrated forts -in Hindustan such as Chitor and Ranṭambhor, the subjection of the -province of Khandesh, and the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb45" href= -"#pb45" name="pb45">45</a>]</span>taking of the fort of Āsīr -and of other provinces which by the exertions of the royal armies came -into the possession of the servants of the State. If these were related -in detail it would be a long story.</p> -<p class="par">In the fight at Chitor, the king with his own hand -killed Jitmal, the leader of the men in the fort. He had no rival in -shooting with a gun, and with the one with which he killed Jitmal, and -which was called Sangrām, he killed some 3,000 or 4,000 birds and -beasts.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2232src" href="#xd24e2232" name= -"xd24e2232src">92</a> I may be reckoned a true pupil of his. Of all -sports I am most disposed to that with the gun, and in one day have -shot eighteen deer.</p> -<p class="par">Of the austerities practised by my revered father, one -was the not eating the flesh of animals. During three months of the -year he ate meat, and for the remaining nine contented himself with -Ṣūfī food, and was no way pleased with the slaughter of -animals. On many days and in many months this was forbidden to the -people. The days and months on which he did not eat flesh are detailed -in the Akbarnāma.</p> -<p class="par">On the day I made Iʿtimādu-l-mulk diwan, I put -Muʿizzu-l-mulk in charge of the -<i>dīwānī-i-buyūtāt</i> (care of buildings). -The latter is a Sayyid of Bāk͟harz,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2242src" href="#xd24e2242" name="xd24e2242src">93</a> and under -my revered father was accountant of the <i>kurkarāq</i> -department.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2248src" href="#xd24e2248" name= -"xd24e2248src">94</a></p> -<p class="par">On one of my accession days, a hundred of the -Akbarī and Jahāngīrī servants were promoted to -higher rank and jagirs. At the commencement of the Ramaẓān -ʿĪd, as it was the first after my accession, I came down to -the ʿĪdgāh from my auspicious throne. There was a great -crowd, and having performed the dues of thanksgiving and praise -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb46" href="#pb46" name= -"pb46">46</a>]</span>I returned to the palace, where according to the -verse “From the table of kings favours come to beggars,” I -commanded a sum of money to be spent in alms and charity. Some lakhs of -dāms of this were entrusted to Dūst Muḥammad -(afterwards K͟hwāja Jahān), who divided them amongst -faqirs and those who were in want, and a lakh of dāms each was -given to Jamālu-d-dīn Ḥusain Anjū (the -lexicographer), Mīrzā Ṣadr Jahān, and Mīr -Muḥammad Riẓā Sabzawārī to dispose of in -charity in different quarters of the city. I sent 5,000 rupees to the -dervishes of S͟haik͟h Muḥammad Ḥusain -Jāmī, and gave directions that each day one of the officers -of the watch<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2258src" href="#xd24e2258" -name="xd24e2258src">95</a> should give 50,000 dāms to faqirs. I -sent a jewelled sword to the K͟hānk͟hānān, and -promoted Jamālu-d-dīn Anjū to the rank of 3,000. The -office of <i>Ṣadr</i> was entrusted to Mīrān Ṣadr -Jahān, and I ordered Ḥājī Koka, who was one of my -father’s foster-sisters,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2267src" -href="#xd24e2267" name="xd24e2267src">96</a> to bring before me in the -palace such women as were worthy to be presented with land and money. I -promoted Zāhid K͟hān, son of Muḥammad -Ṣādiq K͟hān, from the rank of 1,500 to that of -2,000.</p> -<p class="par">It had been the custom<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2272src" href="#xd24e2272" name="xd24e2272src">97</a> that when -the gift of an elephant or horse was made to anyone, the naqibs and the -Masters of the Horse (<i>Mīr Āk͟hūrān</i>) -took from him a sum of money as <i>jilawāna</i> (bridle-money). I -gave orders that this money should be paid by the government, so that -people might be freed from the importunities and demands of that set of -men.</p> -<p class="par">At this time Sālbāhan arrived from Burhanpur -and produced before me the horses and elephants of my deceased brother -Dāniyāl. Of the elephants, one male named Mast <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb47" href="#pb47" name="pb47">47</a>]</span>Alast -appeared to me the best, and I gave him the name of Nūr Gaj. A -wonderful thing showed itself in this elephant; on the sides of his -ears small lumps had grown about the size of melons, and from them came -fluid such as drops from an elephant in the rutting season; moreover, -the top of his forehead was more prominent than in other elephants. It -was a splendid and imposing animal.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2285src" -href="#xd24e2285" name="xd24e2285src">98</a></p> -<p class="par">I gave to my son K͟hurram -(S͟hāh-Jahān) a rosary of jewels, with the hope that he -might obtain fulfilment of all his desires, both in visible and in -spiritual things.</p> -<p class="par">As I had remitted in my dominions customs duties -amounting to krors, I abolished also all the transit dues -(<i>sāʾir-jihāt</i>) in Kabul, which is one of the noted -towns on the road to Hindustan. These brought in 1 kror and 23 lakhs of -dams. From the provinces of Kabul and Qandahar large sums used to be -derived every year from customs (<i>zakāʾt</i>), which were -in fact the chief revenue of those places. I remitted these ancient -dues, a proceeding that greatly benefited the people of Iran and -Turan.</p> -<p class="par">Āṣaf K͟hān’s jagir in the -subah of Bihār had been given to Bāz Bahādur; I -therefore ordered that a jagir in the Panjab should be given to him. As -it was represented to me that a large sum was in arrears in his jagir, -and now that the order for exchange had been given its collection would -be difficult, I directed that a lakh of rupees should be given to him -from the Treasury and the arrears recovered from Bāz Bahādur -for the royal revenues.</p> -<p class="par">I promoted S͟harīf Āmulī to the rank -of 2,500, original and increase. He is a pure-hearted, lively-spirited -man. Though he has no tincture of current sciences, lofty words and -exalted knowledge often manifest themselves in him. In the dress of a -faqir he made many journeys, and he <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb48" -href="#pb48" name="pb48">48</a>]</span>has friendship with many saints -and recites the maxims of those who profess mysticism. This is his -conversation, not his practice (<i>qāli-ū ast na -ḥālī</i>). In the time of my revered father he -relinquished the garments of poverty and asceticism, and attained to -amirship and chiefship. His utterance is exceedingly powerful, and his -conversation is remarkably eloquent and pure, although he is without -Arabic. His compositions also are not devoid of verve.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e2308src" href="#xd24e2308" name= -"xd24e2308src">99</a></p> -<p class="par">A garden in Agra had been left by S͟hāh -Qulī K͟hān Maḥram, and as he had no heirs I handed -it over to Ruqayya Sult̤ān Begam, the daughter of Hindāl -Mīrzā, who had been the honoured wife of my father.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e2313src" href="#xd24e2313" name= -"xd24e2313src">100</a> My father had given my son K͟hurram into -her charge, and she loved him a thousand times more than if he had been -her own.</p> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">The Great Feast of Naurūz.</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">On the night of Tuesday, -Ẕī-l-qaʿda 11th, <span class="sc">A.H.</span> 1014 -(March 11th or 12th, 1606), in the morning, which is the time of the -blessing of light, his Eminence the Great Luminary passed from the -constellation of the Fish to the House of Honour in the constellation -of the Ram. As this was the first New Year’s Day after my -auspicious accession I ordered them to decorate the porticoes of the -private and public halls of the palace, as in the time of my revered -father, with delicate stuffs, and to adorn them handsomely. From the -first day of the Naurūz to the 19th degree of the Ram (Aries), -which is the day of culmination, the people gave themselves over to -enjoyment and happiness. Players and singers of all bands and castes -were gathered together. Dancing lulis and charmers of India whose -caresses would <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb49" href="#pb49" name= -"pb49">49</a>]</span>captivate the hearts of angels kept up the -excitement of the assemblies. I gave orders that whoever might wish for -intoxicating drinks and exhilarating drugs should not be debarred from -using them.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Cupbearer! brighten my cup with the light of -wine;</p> -<p class="line">Sing, minstrel, for the world has ordered itself as I -desire.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2331src" href="#xd24e2331" -name="xd24e2331src">101</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">In my father’s time it had become -established that one of the great nobles should prepare an -entertainment on each of the 17 or 18 days of the festival, and should -present His Majesty the king with choice gifts of all kinds of jewels -and jewelled things, precious stuffs, and elephants and horses, and -should invite him to take the trouble to come to his assembly. By way -of exalting his servants, he would deign to be present, and having -looked at the presents would take what he approved of and bestow the -remainder on the giver of the entertainment. As my mind was inclined to -the comfort and ease of the army and subjects, I this year let them off -their gifts with the exception of a few from my immediate retainers, -which I accepted in order to gratify them. In those same days many -servants of the State obtained higher rank. Amongst them I raised -Dilāwar K͟hān Afg͟hān to 1,500, and I raised -Rāja Bāso, who was a landholder of the hill country of the -Panjab, and who from the time I was prince till now has kept the way of -service and sincerity towards me and held the rank of 1,500, to 3,500. -S͟hāh Beg K͟hān, the governor of Qandahar, I -promoted to 5,000, and Rāy Rāy Singh, a Rājpūt -noble, obtained the same rank. I gave 12,000 rupees for expenses to -Rānā S͟hankar.</p> -<p class="par">At the beginning of my reign, a son of that -Muz̤affar Gujarātī who claimed to be descended from the -rulers of that country lifted up the head of disturbance and attacked -and plundered the environs of the city of Ahmadabad. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb50" href="#pb50" name="pb50">50</a>]</span>Some -sardars such as Pīm<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2340src" href= -"#xd24e2340" name="xd24e2340src">102</a> Bahādur Ūzbeg and -Rāy ʿAlī Bhatī, who were amongst the distinguished -and brave men there, became martyrs in that outbreak. At length -Rāja Bikramājīt and many mansabdars were provided by me -with 6,000 or 7,000 horse, and appointed to assist the army of Gujarat. -It was decided that when things had quieted down, by the driving off of -those seditious people, Rāja Bikramājīt should be -Subahdar of Gujarat. Qilīj K͟hān, who had been -previously nominated to this office, should come to Court. After the -arrival of the royal troops the thread of the rebels’ union was -severed; they took refuge in different jungles, and the country was -reduced to order. The news of this victory reached the ear of my state -and dignity in the most acceptable of hours (New Year time).</p> -<p class="par">About this time there came a representation from my son -Parwīz that the Rānā had left <i>thāna</i> Mandal, -which is about 30<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2351src" href="#xd24e2351" -name="xd24e2351src">103</a> or 40 <i>kos</i> from Ajmīr, and had -run away, and that a force had been appointed to pursue him; and that -it was to be hoped the good fortune of Jahāngīr would cause -him to become non-existent.</p> -<p class="par">On the last day of the feast of the New Year, many -servants of the State were honoured with favours and increase of rank. -Pīs͟hrau K͟hān was an old retainer and had come -from Persia (<i>wilāyat</i>) with Humāyūn; indeed, he -was one of the men whom S͟hāh Tahmāsp had sent with -Humāyūn. His name was Mihtar Saʿādat. As under my -father he was superintendent (<i>dārog͟ha</i>) and head -(<i>mihtar</i>) of the <i>farrās͟h-k͟hāna</i> -(store department), and had no equal in this service, he had given him -the title of Pīs͟hrau K͟hān (the active -K͟hān). Though he was a subordinate(?) servant and had an -artificer’s disposition (<i>qalaqchī mas͟hrab</i>), -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb51" href="#pb51" name= -"pb51">51</a>]</span>I looked to his claims of service and gave him the -rank of 2,000.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2377src" href="#xd24e2377" -name="xd24e2377src">104</a></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">The Flight of K͟husrau in the Middle of the First -Year of my Reign.</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Futile<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2385src" href= -"#xd24e2385" name="xd24e2385src">105</a> ideas had entered the mind of -K͟husrau in consequence of his youth and the pride youths have, -and the lack of experience and the lack of foresight of worthless -companions, especially at the time of my revered father’s -illness. Some of these short-sighted ones, through the multitude of -their crimes and offences, had become hopeless of pardon and -indulgence, and imagined that by making K͟husrau a tool they might -conduct the affairs of State through him. They overlooked the truth -that acts of sovereignty and world rule are not things to be arranged -by the worthless endeavours of defective intellects. The just Creator -bestows them on him whom he considers fit for this glorious and exalted -duty, and on such a person doth He fit the robe of honour.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“He who is seized of Fortune cannot be deprived -of it;</p> -<p class="line">Throne and diadem are not things of purchase;</p> -<p class="line">It is not right to wrest crown and dominion</p> -<p class="line">From the head which God, the Crown-cherisher, has -indicated.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">As the futile imaginations of the seditious and -short-sighted had no result but disgrace and regret, the affairs of the -kingdom were confirmed in the hands of this suppliant <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb52" href="#pb52" name="pb52">52</a>]</span>at the -throne of Allah. I invariably found K͟husrau preoccupied and -distracted. However much, in favour and affection for him, I wished to -drive from his mind some of his fears and alarms, nothing was gained -until, at last, by the advice of those whose fortune was reversed, on -the night of Sunday, Ẕī-l-ḥijja 8th, of the year -mentioned (April 6th, 1605), when two gharis had passed, he made a -pretence<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2401src" href="#xd24e2401" name= -"xd24e2401src">106</a> of going to visit the tomb of His Majesty -(Akbar), and went off with 350 horsemen, who were his adherents, from -within the fort of Agra. Shortly after, one of the lamp attendants who -was acquainted with the Wazīru-l-mulk gave him the news of -K͟husrau’s flight. The Vizier took him to the -Amīru-l-umarā, who, as the news seemed true, came in a -distracted state of mind to the door of the private apartments and said -to one of the eunuchs, “Take in my request and say that I have a -necessary representation to make, and let the king honour me by coming -out.” As such an affair had not entered my thoughts I supposed -that news had come from the Deccan or Gujarat. When I came out and -heard what the news was, I asked, “What must be done? Shall I -mount myself, or shall I send K͟hurram?” The -Amīru-l-umarā submitted that he would go if I ordered it. -“Let it be so,” I said. Afterwards he said, “If he -will not turn back on my advice, and takes up arms, what must be -done?” Then I said, “If he will go in no way on the right -road, do not consider a crime anything that results from your action. -Kingship regards neither son nor son-in-law. No one is a relation to a -king.”</p> -<p class="par">When I had said these words and other things, and had -dismissed him, it occurred to me that K͟husrau was very much -annoyed with him, and that in consequence of the <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb53" href="#pb53" name="pb53">53</a>]</span>dignity -and nearness (to me) which he (the Amīr) enjoyed, he was an object -of envy to his equals and contemporaries.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2408src" href="#xd24e2408" name="xd24e2408src">107</a> Perhaps -they might devise treachery and destroy him. I therefore ordered -Muʿizzu-l-mulk to recall him, and selecting in his place -S͟haik͟h Farīd Bak͟hs͟hī-begī -commanded him to start off at once, and to take with him the mansabdars -and ahadis who were on guard. Ihtimām K͟hān the -<i>kotwāl</i> was made scout and intelligence officer. I -determined, God willing, to start off myself when it was day. -Muʿizzu-l-mulk brought back the Amīru-l-umarā.</p> -<p class="par">About this time, Aḥmad Beg K͟hān and -Dūst Muḥammad K͟hān had been sent off to -Kabul,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2416src" href="#xd24e2416" name= -"xd24e2416src">108</a> and had got as far as Sikandra, which was on -K͟husrau’s route. On his arrival they came out of their -tents with some of their people, and returned and waited on me with the -news that K͟husrau had taken the Panjab road and was hastening on. -It occurred to me that he might change his route and go somewhere else. -As his maternal uncle, Mān Singh, was in Bengal, it occurred to -many of the servants of the State that he might go in that direction. I -sent out on every side, and ascertained that he was making for the -Panjab. Meantime day dawned, and in reliance on the grace and favour of -God Almighty, and with clear resolve, I mounted, withheld by nothing -and no one.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“In truth, he who is pursued by sorrow.</p> -<p class="line">Knows not how the road is or how he may travel it.</p> -<p class="line">This he knows, that horror drives him on:</p> -<p class="line">He knows not with whom he goes nor whom he leaves -behind.”</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb54" href="#pb54" name= -"pb54">54</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">When I reached the venerable mausoleum of my revered -father, which is three kos from the city, I begged for aid to my -courage from the spirit of that honoured one. About this time they -captured and brought in<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2440src" href= -"#xd24e2440" name="xd24e2440src">109</a> Mīrzā Ḥasan, -son of Mīrzā S͟hāhruk͟h, who had proposed to -accompany K͟husrau. He could not deny it when I questioned him, -and I ordered them to tie his hands and mount him on an -elephant.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2443src" href="#xd24e2443" name= -"xd24e2443src">110</a> This was the first good omen manifested through -the kindness and blessing of that venerable one. At midday, as it had -become exceedingly hot, having rested awhile under the shade of a tree, -I said to the K͟hān Aʿz̤am that we, with all our -composure, were in such a state that we had not taken till now our -regular allowance of opium, which it was the practice to take the first -thing in the morning, and no one had reminded us of the omission. We -might imagine from this what was now the condition of that graceless -one (K͟husrau).<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2446src" href= -"#xd24e2446" name="xd24e2446src">111</a></p> -<p class="par">My trouble was this, that my son without any cause or -reason should become an opponent and an enemy. If I should make no -endeavour to capture him, the fractious or rebellious would have an -instrument, or else he would take his own way and go for an asylum to -the Ūzbegs or the Persians, and contempt would fall upon my -government. On this account, having made a special point of capturing -him, I went on after a short rest two or three kos beyond pargana -Mathura, which is 20 kos from Agra, and I alighted at one of the -villages of that pargana where there is a tank.</p> -<p class="par">When K͟husrau arrived at Mathura, he met -Ḥusain Beg Badak͟hs͟hī, who was of those who had -received favours from my revered father and was coming from -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb55" href="#pb55" name= -"pb55">55</a>]</span>Kabul to wait on me. As it is the temperament of -the Badak͟hs͟hīs to be seditious and turbulent, -K͟husrau regarded<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2455src" href= -"#xd24e2455" name="xd24e2455src">112</a> this meeting as a godsend, and -made Ḥusain Beg the captain and guide of 200 or 300 Badakhshan -Aimāqs, who were with him.</p> -<p class="par">Anyone whom they met, they plundered of horses and -goods. Merchants and conveyers of goods were plundered by these -rascals, and wheresoever they went men’s wives and children were -not safe from the calamity of these wretches. With his own eyes -K͟husrau was witnessing the oppression practised in the hereditary -dominions of his ancestors, and after being a witness of the improper -deeds of these rascals he a thousand times every moment wished death -for himself. Finally, he had no remedy but to temporize with and -support those dogs. If good luck and fortune had assisted him in his -affairs, he would have made repentance and regret his voucher, and come -without any deceit to wait on me. God, who knows the world of secrets, -knows that I should have passed over his offences entirely and shown -him such favour and affection that to the extent of a hair’s -point no estrangement or fear would have remained upon his mind. -Inasmuch as during the lifetime of the late king (Akbar) an intention -of joining in the sedition of some of the rebels had manifested itself -in his mind, and he knew that this had come to my knowledge, he placed -no reliance on my kindness and affection. His mother, while I was -prince, in grief at his ways and behaviour and the misconduct of her -brother Mādho Singh,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2461src" href= -"#xd24e2461" name="xd24e2461src">113</a> killed herself by swallowing -opium (<i>tiryāq</i>).<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2467src" href= -"#xd24e2467" name="xd24e2467src">114</a> What shall I write of her -excellences and goodness? She had perfect intelligence, and her -devotion to me was such that she would have <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb56" href="#pb56" name= -"pb56">56</a>]</span>sacrificed a thousand sons and brothers for one -hair of mine. She constantly wrote to K͟husrau and urged him to be -sincere and affectionate to me. When she saw that it was of no use and -that it was unknown how far he would be led away, she from the -indignation and high spirit which are inherent in the Rajput character -determined upon death. Her mind was several times disturbed, for such -feelings were hereditary, and her ancestors and her brothers had -occasionally showed signs of madness, but after a time had recovered. -At a time when I had gone hunting, on Ẕī-l-ḥijja 26th, -1013<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2475src" href="#xd24e2475" name= -"xd24e2475src">115</a> (May 6th, 1605), she in her agitation swallowed -a quantity of opium, and quickly passed away. It was as if she had -foreseen this behaviour of her unworthy son.</p> -<p class="par">My first marriage and that at the commencement of my -adolescence was with her. After K͟husrau’s birth I gave her -the title of S͟hāh Begam. When she could not endure the bad -conduct of her son and brother towards me she became disgusted with -life and died, thereby escaping the present grief and sorrow. In -consequence of her death, from the attachment I had for her, I passed -some days without any kind of pleasure in life or existence, and for -four days, which amount to 32 watches, I took nothing in the shape of -food or drink. When this tale was told to my revered father, a letter -of condolence of excessive kindness and affection reached this devoted -disciple, and he sent me a robe of honour and the auspicious turban -tied just as he had taken it off his head. This favour threw water on -the flame of my grief and afforded complete quiet and repose to my -unquietude and disturbance. My intention in relating these -circumstances is to point out that no evil fortune is greater than when -a son, through the impropriety <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb57" -href="#pb57" name="pb57">57</a>]</span>of his conduct and his -unapproved methods of behaviour, causes the death of his mother and -becomes contumacious and rebellious to his father, without cause or -reason, but simply through his own imaginations and futile ideas, and -chooses to avoid the blessing of waiting upon him. Inasmuch as the -Almighty Avenger lays a proper punishment on each action, of necessity -his condition finally came to this, that he was caught under the worst -circumstances, and falling from a position of trust became captive to -perpetual incarceration.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“When the man of sense behaves as if drunk,</p> -<p class="line">He puts his foot in a snare, his head in a -noose.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">To sum up, on Tuesday, Ẕī-l-ḥijja -10th, I alighted at the station of Hoḍal.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2489src" href="#xd24e2489" name="xd24e2489src">116</a> -S͟haik͟h Farīd Bak͟hs͟hī and a band of -valiant men were chosen to pursue K͟husrau and became the vanguard -of the victorious army. I sent back Dūst Muḥammad, who was -in attendance on me, on account of his previous service and his white -beard, to take charge of the fort of Agra and of the zanāna and -the treasuries. When leaving Agra, I had placed the city in the charge -of Iʿtimādu-d-daula and Wazīru-l-mulk. I now said to -Dūst Muḥammad, “As we are going to the Panjab, and -that province is in the diwani of Iʿtimādu-d-daula, you will -despatch him to us, and will imprison and keep watch over the -sons<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2492src" href="#xd24e2492" name= -"xd24e2492src">117</a> of Mīrzā Muḥammad -Ḥakīm who are in Agra; as when such proceedings manifest -themselves in the son of one’s loins what may one expect from -nephews and cousins?” After the dispatch of Dūst -Muḥammad, Muʿizzu-l-mulk became bakhshi.</p> -<p class="par">On Wednesday I alighted at Palwal, and on Thursday at -Farīdābād; on Friday, the 13th, I reached Delhi. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb58" href="#pb58" name= -"pb58">58</a>]</span>From the dust of the road (i.e. immediately) I -hastened to the venerated tomb of Humāyūn, and there besought -help in my purpose, and with my own hand distributed money to poor -persons and dervishes. Thence turning to the shrine of the venerable -saint S͟haik͟h Niz̤āmu-d-dīn Auliyā, I -performed the dues of pilgrimage. After this I gave a portion<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e2499src" href="#xd24e2499" name= -"xd24e2499src">118</a> of money to Jamālu-d-dīn Ḥusain -Anjū and another portion to Ḥakīm Muz̤affar that -they might divide it amongst the poor and dervishes. On Saturday the -14th I stayed in Sarāy Narela.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2504src" -href="#xd24e2504" name="xd24e2504src">119</a> This rest-house -(<i>sarāy</i>) K͟husrau had burned as he went.</p> -<p class="par">The rank of Āqā Mullā, brother of -Āṣaf K͟hān, who had been exalted by becoming my -servant, was fixed in original and increase at 1,000 with 300 horse. He -was in close attendance during this journey. Considering that some of -the Aimāqs attached to the royal army were in league with -K͟husrau, and fearing that consequently some fraud or sedition -might enter their minds, 2,000 rupees were given to their leaders to -distribute amongst their men and make them hopeful of the -Jahāngīrī favour. I gave money to S͟haik͟h -Faẓlu-llah and Rāja Dhīrdhar to distribute to faqirs -and brahmans on the road. I gave orders that to Rānā -S͟hankar in Ajmir should be given 30,000 rupees by way of -assistance for his expenditure.</p> -<p class="par">On Monday, the 16th, I reached the pargana of -Pānīpat.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2514src" href= -"#xd24e2514" name="xd24e2514src">120</a> This station and place used to -be very propitious to my gracious father and honoured ancestors, and -two great victories had been gained in it. One was the defeat of -Ibrāhīm Lodī, which was won by the might of the -victorious hosts of His Majesty Firdūs-makānī. The story -of this has been written in the histories of the time. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb59" href="#pb59" name="pb59">59</a>]</span>The -second victory was over the wicked Hemū, and was manifested from -the world of fortune in the beginning of the reign of my revered -father, as has been described by me in detail.</p> -<p class="par">At the time that K͟husrau had left Delhi and was -proceeding to Panipat, it happened that Dilāwar K͟hān -had arrived there. When shortly before K͟husrau’s arrival he -heard of this affair, he sent his children across the Jumna and bravely -determined to hasten on and throw himself into the fort of Lahore -before K͟husrau should arrive. About this time -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm also reached Panipat from Lahore, and -Dilāwar K͟hān suggested to him that he too should send -his children across the river, and should stand aside and await the -victorious standards of Jahāngīr. As he was lethargic and -timid, he could not make up his mind to do this, and delayed so much -that K͟husrau arrived. He went out and waited on him, and either -voluntarily or in a state of agitation agreed to accompany him. He -obtained the title of Malik Anwar and the position of vizier. -Dilāwar K͟hān, like a brave man, turned towards Lahore, -and on his road informed everyone and everybody of the servants of the -court and the <i>karoriyān</i>, and the merchants whom he came -across, of the exodus of K͟husrau. Some he took with him, and -others he told to stand aside out of the way. After that, the servants -of God were relieved of the plundering by robbers and oppressors. Most -probably, if Sayyid Kamāl in Delhi, and Dilāwar -K͟hān at Panipat, had shown courage and determination, and -had blocked K͟husrau’s path, his disorderly force would not -have been able to resist and would have scattered, and he himself would -have been captured. The fact is that their talents (<i>himmat</i>) were -not equal to this, but afterwards each made amends for his fault, viz., -Dilāwar K͟hān, by his rapid march, entered the fort of -Lahore before K͟husrau reached it, and by this notable service -made amends for his earlier shortcoming, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb60" href="#pb60" name="pb60">60</a>]</span>and Sayyid Kamāl -manfully exerted himself in the engagement with K͟husrau, as will -be described in its own place.</p> -<p class="par">On Ẕī-l-ḥijja 17th the royal standards -were set up in the pargana of Karnāl. Here I raised -ʿĀbidīn K͟hwāja, son of K͟hwāja -Kalān Jūybārī and <i>pīrzāda</i> -(spiritual adviser), son of ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān Ūzbeg, -who had come in the time of my revered father, to the rank of 1,000. -S͟haik͟h Niz̤ām Thaneswarī, who was one of the -notorious impostors (<i>s͟hayyādān</i>) of the age, -waited on K͟husrau, and having gratified him with pleasant news, -again<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2537src" href="#xd24e2537" name= -"xd24e2537src">121</a> led him out of the (right) path, and then came -to wait on me. As I had heard of these transactions, I gave him his -road expenses and told him to depart for the auspicious place of -pilgrimage (Mecca). On the 19th the halt was in pargana -S͟hāhābād. Here there was very little water, but it -happened that heavy rain fell, so that all were rejoiced.</p> -<p class="par">I promoted S͟haik͟h Aḥmad -Lāhorī, who from my princehood had filled the relationship of -service and discipleship and the position of a house-born one -(<i>k͟hānazāda</i>) to the office of -Mīr-i-ʿAdl (Chief Justice). Disciples<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2551src" href="#xd24e2551" name="xd24e2551src">122</a> and -sincere followers were presented on his introduction, and to each it -was necessary to give the token<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2554src" -href="#xd24e2554" name="xd24e2554src">123</a> and the likeness -(<i>s͟hast <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb61" href="#pb61" name= -"pb61">61</a>]</span>u s͟habah</i>). They were given on his -recommendation (?). At the time of initiation some words of advice were -given to the disciple: he must not confuse or darken his years with -sectarian quarrels, but must follow the rule of universal peace with -regard to religions; he must not kill any living creature with his own -hand, and must not flay anything. The only exceptions are in battle and -the chase.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Be not the practiser of making lifeless any -living thing.</p> -<p class="line">Save in the battlefield or in the time of -hunting.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">Honour the luminaries (the Sun, Moon, etc.), which -are manifesters of God’s light, according to the degree of each, -and recognize the power and existence of Almighty God at all times and -seasons. Be careful indeed that whether in private or in public you -never for a moment forget Him.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Lame or low<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2585src" -href="#xd24e2585" name="xd24e2585src">124</a> or crooked or -unrefined,</p> -<p class="line">Be amorous of Him and seek after Him.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">My revered father became possessed of these -principles, and was rarely void of such thoughts.</p> -<p class="par">At the stage of Alūwa(?)<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2606src" href="#xd24e2606" name="xd24e2606src">125</a> I -appointed Abū-n-nabī(?)<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2609src" -href="#xd24e2609" name="xd24e2609src">126</a> Ūzbeg with -fifty-seven other mansabdars to assist S͟haik͟h Farīd, -and gave the force 40,000 rupees for its expenses. To Jamīl Beg -were given 7,000 rupees to divide among the Aimāqs (cavalry). I -also presented Mīr S͟harīf Āmulī<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e2612src" href="#xd24e2612" name= -"xd24e2612src">127</a> with 2,000 rupees.</p> -<p class="par">On Tuesday the 24th of the same month they captured five -of the attendants and comrades of K͟husrau. Two of <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb62" href="#pb62" name="pb62">62</a>]</span>these, -who confessed to his service, I ordered to be thrown under the feet of -elephants, and three who denied were placed in custody that enquiry -might be made. On Farwardīn 12th of the first year of my reign, -Mīrzā Ḥusain and Nūru-d-dīn Qulī the -<i>kotwāl</i> entered Lahore, and on the 24th of the same month a -messenger of Dilāwar K͟hān arrived (there) with news -that K͟husrau was moving on Lahore and that they should be on -their guard. On the same day the city gates were guarded and -strengthened, and two days later Dilāwar K͟hān entered -the fort with a few men and began to strengthen the towers and walls. -Wherever these were broken and thrown down he repaired them, and, -placing cannon and swivel guns on the citadel, he prepared for battle. -Assembling the small number of the royal servants who were in the fort, -they were assigned their several duties, and the people of the city -also with loyalty gave their assistance. Two days later, and when all -was ready, K͟husrau arrived, and, having fixed a place for his -camp, gave orders to invest<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2622src" href= -"#xd24e2622" name="xd24e2622src">128</a> the city and to prepare for -battle, and to burn one of the gates on any side where one could be got -at. “After taking the fort,” he said to his wicked crew, -“I will give orders to plunder the city for seven days and to -make captive the women and children.”</p> -<p class="par">This doomed lot set fire to a gate, and Dilāwar Beg -K͟hān, Ḥusain Beg the dīwān, and -Nūru-d-dīn Qulī the kotwal built a wall inside opposite -the gateway.</p> -<p class="par">Meantime Saʿīd K͟hān, who was one of -those appointed to Kashmir and was now encamped on the Chenāb, -having heard the news, started rapidly for Lahore. When he reached the -Ravi he sent word to the garrison of the fort that he came with a loyal -intention and that they should admit him. They sent someone at night -and conducted him and some of his men inside. When the siege had -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb63" href="#pb63" name= -"pb63">63</a>]</span>lasted nine days, news of the approach of the -royal army came repeatedly to K͟husrau and his adherents. They -became helpless (<i>bī pā</i>), and made up their minds that -they must face the victorious army.</p> -<p class="par">As Lahore is one of the greatest places in Hindustan, a -great number of people gathered in six or seven days. It was reported -on good authority that 10,000 or 12,000 horse were collected, and had -left the city with the view of making a night attack on the royal -vanguard. This news was brought to me at the <i>sarāy</i> of -Qāẓī ʿAlī on the night of Thursday the 16th. -Although it rained heavily in the night I beat the drum of march and -mounted. Arriving in Sult̤ānpūr at dawn I remained there -till noon. By chance, at this place and hour the victorious army -encountered that ill-fated band. Muʿizzu-l-mulk had brought a dish -of roast meat,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2645src" href="#xd24e2645" -name="xd24e2645src">129</a> and I was turning towards it with zest when -the news of the battle was brought to me. Though I had a longing to eat -the roast meat, I immediately took a mouthful by way of augury and -mounted, and without waiting for the coming up of men and without -regard to the smallness of my force I went off in all haste. However -much I demanded my <i>chiltah</i> (wadded coat), they did not produce -it. My only arms were a spear and sword, but I committed myself to the -favour of God and started off without hesitation. At first my escort -did not number more than fifty horsemen; no one had expected a fight -that day. In fine, when I reached the head of the bridge of -Gobindwāl,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2653src" href="#xd24e2653" -name="xd24e2653src">130</a> 400 or 500 horse, good and bad, had come -together. When I had crossed the bridge the news of a victory was -brought to me. The bearer of the good news was S͟hamsī, -<i>tūs͟hakchī</i> (wardrobe man), and for his good news -he obtained the title of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb64" href= -"#pb64" name="pb64">64</a>]</span>K͟hūs͟h-k͟habar -K͟hān. Mīr Jamālu-d-dīn Ḥusain, whom I -had sent previously to advise K͟husrau, came up at the same time -and said such things about the number and bravery of -K͟husrau’s men as frightened his hearers. Though news of the -victory came continuously, this simple-minded Sayyid would not believe -it, and expressed incredulity that such an army as he had seen could be -defeated by S͟haik͟h Farīd’s force, which was -small and not properly equipped. When they brought -K͟husrau’s litter<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2662src" href= -"#xd24e2662" name="xd24e2662src">131</a> with two of his eunuchs, the -Mīr admitted what had happened. Then, alighting from his horse, he -placed his head at my feet and professed every kind of humility and -submission, and said that there could be no higher or more lofty -fortune than this.</p> -<p class="par">In this command S͟haik͟h Farīd behaved -with sincerity and devotion. The Sayyids of Bārha, who are of the -brave ones of the age, and who have held this place in every fight in -which they have been, formed the van. Saif K͟hān, son of -Sayyid Maḥmūd K͟hān Bārha, the head of the -tribe, had shown great bravery and had received seventeen wounds. -Sayyid Jalāl, also of the brethren of this band, received an arrow -in his temple and died a few days later. At the time when the Sayyids -of Bārha, who were not more than fifty or sixty in number, having -received wounds from 1,500 Badak͟hs͟hī horsemen, had -been cut to pieces, Sayyid Kamāl, who, with his brothers, had been -appointed to support the van, came up on the flank and fought with -wondrous bravery and manliness. After that the men of the right wing -raised the cry of <i>Pāds͟hāh salāmat</i> -(“Long live the King”) and charged, and the rebels hearing -the words, gave up and scattered abroad to various hiding-places. About -400 Aimāqs became crushed on the plain of anger and overcome by -the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb65" href="#pb65" name= -"pb65">65</a>]</span>victorious army. K͟husrau’s box of -jewels and precious things which he had always with him, fell into our -hands.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Who thought that this boy of few years</p> -<p class="line">Would behave so badly to his sire?</p> -<p class="line">At the first taste of the cup he brings up the -lees.</p> -<p class="line">He melts away my glory and his own modesty.</p> -<p class="line">He sets on fire<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2692src" -href="#xd24e2692" name="xd24e2692src">132</a> the throne of -K͟hūrs͟hīd,</p> -<p class="line">He longs for the place of -Jams͟hīd.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">Short-sighted men in Allahabad had urged me also -to rebel against my father. Their words were extremely unacceptable and -disapproved by me. I know what sort of endurance a kingdom would have, -the foundations of which were laid on hostility to a father, and was -not moved by the evil counsels of such worthless men, but acting -according to the dictates of reason and knowledge I waited on my -father, my guide, my <i>qibla</i>,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2714src" -href="#xd24e2714" name="xd24e2714src">133</a> and my visible God, and -as a result of this good purpose it went well with me.</p> -<p class="par">In the evening of the day of K͟husrau’s -flight I gave Rāja Bāso, who is a trusty zamindar of the -hill-country of Lahore, leave to go to that frontier, and, wherever he -heard news or trace of K͟husrau, to make every effort to capture -him. I also appointed Mahābat K͟hān and Mīrzā -ʿAlī Akbars͟hāhī to a large force, which was -to pursue K͟husrau in whatever direction he might go. I resolved -with myself that if K͟husrau went to Kabul, I would follow him and -not turn back till he was captured. If not delaying in Kabul he should -go on to Badakhshan and those regions, I would leave Mahābat -K͟hān in Kabul and return myself (to India). My reason for -not going to Badakhshan was that that wretch would (in that case) -certainly ally himself with the Ūzbegs, and the disgrace would -attach to this State. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb66" href="#pb66" -name="pb66">66</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">On the day on which the royal troops were ordered to -pursue K͟husrau, 15,000 rupees were given to Mahābat -K͟hān and 20,000 to the ahadis, and 10,000 more were sent -with the army to be given to whom it might be necessary to give it on -the way.</p> -<p class="par">On Saturday, the 28th, the victorious camp was pitched -at Jaipāl,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2725src" href="#xd24e2725" -name="xd24e2725src">134</a> which lies seven kos from Lahore. On the -same day K͟husrau arrived with a few men on the bank of the -Chenāb. The brief account of what had happened is that after his -defeat those who had escaped with him from the battle became divided in -opinion. The Afghans and Indians, who were mostly his old retainers, -wished to double back like foxes into Hindustan, and to become a source -of rebellion and trouble there. Ḥusain Beg, whose people and -family and treasure were in the direction of Kabul, suggested going to -Kabul. In the end, as action was taken according to the wish of -Ḥusain Beg, the Hindustanis and the Afghans decided to separate -themselves from him. On arriving at the Chenāb, he proposed to -cross at the ferry of S͟hāhpūr, which is one of the -recognized crossings, but as he could find no boats there he made for -the ferry of Sodharah, where his people got one boat without boatmen -and another full of firewood and grass.</p> -<p class="par">The ferries over the rivers had been stopped because -before K͟husrau’s defeat orders had been given to all the -jagirdars and the superintendents of roads and crossings in the subah -of the Panjab that as this kind of dispute had arisen they must all be -on the alert. Ḥusain Beg wished to transfer the men from the boat -with firewood and grass to the other, so that they might convey -K͟husrau across. At this juncture arrived Kīlan,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e2730src" href="#xd24e2730" name= -"xd24e2730src">135</a> son-in-law of Kamāl <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb67" href="#pb67" name= -"pb67">67</a>]</span>Chaudharī of Sodharah, and saw a body of men -about to cross in the night. He cried out to the boatmen that there was -an order from the king Jahāngīr forbidding unknown men from -crossing in the night, and that they must be careful. Owing to the -noise and uproar, the people of the neighbourhood gathered together, -and Kamāl’s son-in-law took from the boatmen the pole with -which they propel the boat, and which in Hindustani is called -<i>ballī</i>, and thus made the boat unmanageable. Although money -was offered to the boatmen, not one would ferry them over. News went to -Abū-l-Qāsim Namakīn, who was at Gujarat, near the -Chenāb, that a body of men were wanting to cross the river by -night, and he at once came to the ferry in the night with his sons and -some horsemen. Things went to such a length that Ḥusain Beg shot -arrows at the boatmen,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2738src" href= -"#xd24e2738" name="xd24e2738src">136</a> and Kamāl’s -son-in-law also took to shooting arrows from the river-bank. For four -kos the boat took its own way down the river, until at the end of the -night it grounded, and try as they would they could not get it off. -Meantime it became day. Abū-l-Qāsim and K͟hwāja -K͟hiẓr K͟hān, who by the efforts of Hilāl -K͟hān had assembled on this (? the west) side of the river, -fortified its west bank, and the zamindars fortified it on the -east.</p> -<p class="par">Before this affair of K͟husrau’s, I had sent -Hilāl K͟hān as <i>sazāwal</i> to the army appointed -for Kashmīr under Saʿīd K͟hān, and by chance -he arrived in the neighbourhood (of the ferry) that same night; he came -in the nick of time, and his efforts had great effect in bringing -together Abū-l-Qāsim K͟hān Namakīn, and -K͟hwāja K͟hiẓr K͟hān in the capture of -K͟husrau.</p> -<p class="par">On the morning of Sunday, the 24th of the aforesaid -month, people on elephants and in boats captured K͟husrau, and on -Monday, the last day of the month, news of this <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb68" href="#pb68" name="pb68">68</a>]</span>reached -me in the garden of Mīrzā Kāmrān. I immediately -ordered the Amīru-l-umarā to go to Gujarat and to bring -K͟husrau to wait on me.</p> -<p class="par">In counsels on State affairs and government it often -happens that I act according to my own judgment and prefer my own -counsel to that of others. In the first instance I had elected to wait -on my revered father from Allahabad in opposition to the advice of my -faithful servants, and I obtained the blessing of serving him, and this -was for my spiritual and temporal good. By the same course of conduct I -had become king. The second instance was the pursuit of K͟husrau, -from which I was not held back by taking time to ascertain the -(auspicious) hour, etc., and from which I took no rest until I captured -him. It is a strange thing that after I had started I asked -Ḥakīm ʿAlī, who is learned in mathematics, how the -hour of my departure had been (i.e. whether propitious or not), and he -replied that in order to obtain my object if I had wished to select an -hour, there could not have been for years one selected better than that -in which I mounted.</p> -<p class="par">On Thursday, Muḥarram 3rd, 1015, in -Mīrzā Kāmrān’s garden, they brought -K͟husrau before me with his hands tied and chains on his legs from -the left side<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2757src" href="#xd24e2757" -name="xd24e2757src">137</a> after the manner and custom of Chingīz -K͟hān. They made Ḥusain Beg stand on his right hand and -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm on his left. K͟husrau stood weeping -and trembling between them. Ḥusain Beg, with the idea that it -might profit him, began to speak wildly. When his purport became -apparent to me I did not allow him to continue talking, but handed over -K͟husrau in chains, and ordered these two villains to be put in -the skins of an ox and an ass, and that they <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb69" href="#pb69" name="pb69">69</a>]</span>should -be mounted on asses with their faces to the tail<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2762src" href="#xd24e2762" name="xd24e2762src">138</a> and thus -taken round the city. As the ox-hide dried more quickly than that of -the ass, Ḥusain Beg remained alive for four watches and died from -suffocation. ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm, who was in the ass’s -skin and to whom they gave some refreshment from outside, remained -alive.</p> -<p class="par">From Monday, the last day of -Ẕī-l-ḥijja, until the 9th of Muḥarram of the -aforesaid year, I remained in Mīrzā Kāmrān’s -garden because the time was unpropitious.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2767src" href="#xd24e2767" name="xd24e2767src">139</a> I bestowed -Bhairawal,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2770src" href="#xd24e2770" name= -"xd24e2770src">140</a> where the battle had taken place, on -S͟haik͟h Farīd, and rewarded him with the high title of -Murtaẓā K͟hān. For the sake of good government I -ordered posts to be set up on both sides of the road from the garden to -the city, and ordered them to hang up and impale the seditious -Aimāqs and others who had taken part in the rebellion. Thus each -one of them received an extraordinary punishment. I gave headship to -those landholders who had shown loyalty, and to every one of the -Chaudharīs between the Jhelam and the Chenāb I gave lands for -their support.</p> -<p class="par">Of Ḥusain Beg’s property there were obtained -from the house of Mīr Muḥammad Bāqī nearly seven -lakhs of rupees. This was exclusive of what he had made over to other -places and of what he had with him. After this, whenever his name is -mentioned, the words<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2775src" href= -"#xd24e2775" name="xd24e2775src">141</a> <i>gāwān u -k͟harān</i> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb70" href="#pb70" -name="pb70">70</a>]</span>(bullocks and asses) will be used. When he -came to this Court in company with Mīrzā -S͟hāhruk͟h he had one horse. By degrees his affairs -flourished so that he became possessed of treasure both visible and -buried, and projects of this kind entered his mind.</p> -<p class="par">While K͟husrau’s affair was still in the will -of God, as there was no actual governor between Afghanistan and Agra, -which is a source of sedition and mischief, and, fearing that -K͟husrau’s affair might be prolonged, I ordered my son -Parwīz to leave some of the sardars to look after the -Rānā and to come to Agra with Āṣaf K͟hān -and a body of those nearly connected with him in the service. He was to -consider the protection and management of that region his special -charge. But by the blessed favour of Allah, K͟husrau’s -affair was settled before Parwīz arrived in Agra; I accordingly -ordered my aforesaid son to come and wait on me.</p> -<p class="par">On Wednesday, Muḥarram 8th, I auspiciously entered -the fort of Lahore. A number of loyalists represented to me that my -return to Agra would be for the good of the State at this time when -much was going amiss in Gujarat, in the Deccan, and in Bengal. This -counsel did not meet with my approval, for the reports of -S͟hāh Beg K͟hān, the governor of Qandahar, showed -that the officers of the Persian border were meditating an attack on -that fortress. They had been moved thereto by the machinations of the -residuum of the Mirzas of Qandahar’s army, which was always -shaking the chain of contention. The Persian officers had written -letters to these malcontents, and there was likelihood of a -disturbance. It occurred to me that the death of His Majesty Akbar and -the unreasonable outbreak of K͟husrau might put an edge on their -design, and that they might attack Qandahar. What had occurred to my -mind became a realized fact. The governor of Farāh<span class= -"corr" id="xd24e2794" title="Source: .">,</span> the Malik of -Sīstan, and the jagirdars of that neighbourhood, with the -assistance of Ḥusain K͟hān, the <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb71" href="#pb71" name="pb71">71</a>]</span>governor -of Herat, invaded Qandahar. Praise is due to the manliness and courage -of S͟hāh Beg K͟hān, who planted his foot firmly -like a man, and strengthened the fort, and seated himself on the top of -the third(?) citadel of the aforesaid fort in such a manner that -outsiders could see his entertainments. During the siege he girded not -his loins, but with bare head and feet arranged parties of pleasure; -yet no day passed that he did not send a force from the fort to meet -the foe and did not make manly efforts. This went on as long as he was -in the fort. The Qizilbās͟h army had invested on three sides. -When news of this reached Lahore it was clearly advisable to remain in -that neighbourhood. A large force was immediately appointed under the -leadership of Mīrzā G͟hāzī, who was -accompanied by a number of men of rank and servants of the Court, such -as Qarā Beg and Tuk͟hta Beg, who had been promoted with the -titles of Qarā K͟hān and Sardār K͟hān. I -appointed Mīrzā G͟hāzī to a mansab of 5,000 -personal, and horsemen, and bestowed drums on him. Mīrzā -G͟hāzi was the son of Mīrzā Jānī -Tark͟hān, king of Thathah (Sind), and by the efforts of -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm K͟hānk͟hānān -that country had been conquered in the reign of the late king. The -country of Thathah was included in his jagir, and he held the rank with -personality and horsemen of 5,000. After his death his son -Mīrzā G͟hāzi was raised to his rank and service. -Their ancestors were among the amirs of Sult̤ān Ḥusain -<span class="corr" id="xd24e2799" title= -"Source: Mirza">Mīrzā</span> Bāy-qarā, the ruler of -Khurasan, and they were originally descended from the amirs of -Tīmūr (<i>Ṣāḥib-qirānī</i>). -K͟hwāja ʿĀqil was appointed bakhshi of this army; -43,000 rupees were given to Qarā K͟hān for road -expenses, and 15,000 to Naqdī Beg and Qilīj Beg, who were to -accompany Mīrzā G͟hāzī. I determined to stay -at Lahore in order to settle this matter and with the intention of a -tour to Kabul. About this time the rank of Ḥakīm -Fatḥu-llah was fixed, original and increased, at 1,000 -personality and 300 horse. As S͟haik͟h Ḥusain -Jāmī had <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb72" href="#pb72" -name="pb72">72</a>]</span>had dreams about me which had come true, I -gave him twenty lakhs of dams, equivalent to 30,000 or 40,000 rupees, -for the expenses of himself and his monastery and the dervishes who -were with him. On the 22nd I promoted ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān -to the rank of 2,500 personal and 500 horse, original and increased. I -ordered to be given to the ahadis two lakhs of rupees to be paid in -advance and deducted by degrees from their monthly pay. I bestowed -6,000 rupees on Qāsim Beg K͟hān, the son-in-law of -S͟hāh Beg K͟hān, and 3,000 rupees on Sayyid -Bahādur K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">In Gobindwāl, which is on the river Bīyāh -(Beas), there was a Hindu named Arjun,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2809src" href="#xd24e2809" name="xd24e2809src">142</a> in the -garments of sainthood and sanctity, so much so that he had captured -many of the simple-hearted of the Hindus, and even of the ignorant and -foolish followers of Islam, by his ways and manners, and they had -loudly sounded the drum of his holiness. They called him -<i>Gūrū</i>, and from all sides stupid people crowded to -worship and manifest complete faith in him. For three or four -generations (of spiritual successors) they had kept this shop warm. -Many times it occurred to me to put a stop to this vain affair or to -bring him into the assembly of the people of Islam.</p> -<p class="par">At last when K͟husrau passed along this road this -insignificant fellow proposed to wait upon him. K͟husrau happened -to halt at the place where he was, and he came out and did homage to -him. He behaved to K͟husrau in certain special ways, and made on -his forehead a finger-mark in saffron, which the Indians -(Hinduwān) call <i>qas͟hqa</i>,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2820src" href="#xd24e2820" name="xd24e2820src">143</a> and is -considered propitious. When this came to my ears and I clearly -understood his folly, I ordered them <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb73" href="#pb73" name="pb73">73</a>]</span>to produce him and handed -over his houses, dwelling-places, and children to Murtaẓā -K͟hān, and having confiscated his property commanded that he -should be put to death.</p> -<p class="par">There were two men named Rājū and Ambā, -who, under the shadow of the protection of the eunuch Daulat -K͟hān, made their livelihood by oppression and tyranny, and -had done many acts of oppression in the few days that K͟husrau was -before Lahore. I ordered Rājū to the gallows and a fine to be -taken from Ambā, who was reputed to be wealthy. In short, 15,000 -rupees were collected from him, which sum I ordered them to expend on -<i>bulg͟hur-k͟hānas</i> (refectories) and in -charity.</p> -<p class="par">Saʿdu-llah K͟hān, son of Saʿd -K͟hān, was promoted to the rank of 2,000 personal and 1,000 -horse.</p> -<p class="par">In his great desire to wait upon me, Parwīz -traversed long distances in a short time, in the rainy season and -incessant rain, and on Thursday, the 29th, when two watches and three -<i>ghaṛī</i> of day had passed, obtained the blessing of -seeing me. With exceeding kindness and affection, I took him into the -embrace of favour and kissed his forehead.</p> -<p class="par">When this disgraceful conduct showed itself in -K͟husrau, I had resolved not to delay in any place till I had -captured him. There was a probability that he might turn back towards -Hindustan, so it appeared impolitic to leave Agra empty, as it was the -centre of the State, the abode of the ladies of the holy harem, and the -depository of the world’s treasures. On these accounts I had -written when leaving Agra to Parwīz, saying that his loyalty had -had this result, that K͟husrau had fled and that Fortune had -turned her face toward himself; that I had started in pursuit of -K͟husrau, and that he should consequently dispose of the affairs -of the Rānā in some way according to the necessity of the -time, and for the benefit of the kingdom should himself come quickly to -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb74" href="#pb74" name= -"pb74">74</a>]</span>Agra. I had delivered into his charge the capital -and treasury, which was equal to the wealth of -Qārūn,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2847src" href="#xd24e2847" -name="xd24e2847src">144</a> and I had commended him to the God of -power. Before this letter reached Parwīz, the Rānā had -been so humbled that he had sent to Āṣaf K͟hān to -say that as by his own acts he had come to shame and disgrace, he hoped -that he would intercede for him in such a way that the prince would be -content with his sending Bāgha,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2850src" href="#xd24e2850" name="xd24e2850src">145</a> who was -one of his sons. Parwīz had not agreed to this, and said that -either the Rānā himself should come or that he should send -Karan. Meantime the news of K͟husrau’s disturbance arrived, -and on its account Āṣaf K͟hān and other loyalists -agreed to the coming of Bāgha, who obtained the blessing of -waiting on the prince near Manḍalgaṛh.</p> -<p class="par">Parwīz, leaving Rāja Jagannāth and most -of the chiefs of his army, started for Agra with Āṣaf -K͟hān and some of those near to him and his own attendants, -and with him brought Bāgha to the Court. When he came near Agra he -heard the news of the victory over K͟husrau and his capture, and -after resting two days an order reached him that as matters appeared -settled in all quarters he should betake himself to me, in order that -on the prescribed date he might obtain the good fortune of waiting on -me. I bestowed on him the parasol -(<i>āftāb-gīr</i>),<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2858src" -href="#xd24e2858" name="xd24e2858src">146</a> which is one of the signs -of royalty, and I gave him the rank of 10,000 and sent an order to the -officials to grant him a <i>tank͟hwāh</i> jagir. At this time -I sent Mīrzā ʿAlī Beg to Kashmir; 10,000 rupees -were delivered to Qāẓī ʿIzzatu-llah to divide -amongst faqirs and the poor of Kabul. Aḥmad Beg K͟hān -was promoted to the rank of 2,000 personal and 1,250 horse, original -and extra. At the same time Muqarrab K͟hān, who had been sent -to Burhanpur to bring the children of Dāniyāl, returned after -an absence of 6 months <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb75" href="#pb75" -name="pb75">75</a>]</span>22 days and had the honour of an audience, -and related in detail what had occurred in those regions.</p> -<p class="par">Saif K͟hān was promoted to the rank of 2,000 -personal and 1,000 horse. S͟haik͟h -ʿAbdu-l-Wahhāb<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2868src" href= -"#xd24e2868" name="xd24e2868src">147</a> of the Buk͟hara sayyids, -who was governor of Delhi under the late king, was dismissed from the -post (by me) for certain ill-deeds done by his men, and was entered -amongst the holders of subsistence lands and the -<i>arbāb-i-saʿādat</i>.</p> -<p class="par">In the whole of the hereditary dominions, both the crown -lands and the jagirs, I ordered the preparation of -<i>bulg͟hur-k͟hānas</i> (free eating-houses), where -cooked food might be provided for the poor according to their -condition, and so that residents and travellers both might reap the -benefit.</p> -<p class="par">Amba<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2884src" href= -"#xd24e2884" name="xd24e2884src">148</a> K͟hān -Kashmīrī, who was of the stock of the rulers of Kashmir, was -selected for the rank of 1,000 personal and 300 horse. On Monday, -Rabīʿu-l-āk͟hir 9th, I gave Parwīz a special -sword; and jewelled swords were presented also to -Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān Koka and the -Amīru-l-umarā. I saw Dāniyāl’s children, whom -Muqarrab K͟hān had brought; there were three sons and four -daughters. The boys bore the names T̤ahmūras̤,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e2890src" href="#xd24e2890" name= -"xd24e2890src">149</a> Bāysung͟har, and Hūs͟hang. -Such kindness and affection were shown by me to these children as no -one thought possible. I resolved that T̤ahmūras̤, who -was the eldest, should always be in waiting on me, and the others were -handed over to the charge of my own sisters.</p> -<p class="par">A special dress of honour was sent to Rāja Mān -Singh in Bengal. I ordered a reward of 30 lakhs of dams to -Mīrzā G͟hāzi. I bestowed on S͟haik͟h -Ibrāhīm, son of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb76" href= -"#pb76" name="pb76">76</a>]</span>Qut̤bu-d-dīn -K͟hān Koka, the rank of 1,000 personal and 300 horse, and -dignified him with the title of Kis͟hwar K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">As when I started in pursuit of K͟husrau I had left -my son K͟hurram in charge of the palaces and treasury, I now, when -that affair had been settled, ordered the said son to attend upon -Haẓrat Maryam-zamānī and the other ladies, and to -escort them to me. When they reached the neighbourhood of Lahore, on -Friday the 12th of the month mentioned, I embarked in a boat and went -to a village named Dahr to meet my mother, and I had the good fortune -to be received by her. After the performance of obeisance and -prostration and greeting which is due from the young to the old -according to the custom of Chingīz, the rules of Tīmūr -and common usage, and after worship of the King of the World (God), and -after finishing this business, I obtained leave to return, and -re-entered the fort of Lahore.</p> -<p class="par">On the 17th, having appointed Muʿizzu-l̄-mulk -bakhshi of the army against the Rānā, I dismissed him to it. -As news had come of the rebellion of Rāy Rāy Singh and his -son, Dulīp, in the neighbourhood of Nāgor, I ordered -Rāja Jagannāth to proceed against them with others of the -servants of the State and Muʿizzu-l-mulk, and to put a stop to -this disturbance. I gave 50,000 rupees to Sardār K͟hān, -who had been appointed to the place of S͟hāh Beg -K͟hān as Governor of Qandahar, and I promoted him to the rank -of 3,000 personal and 2,500 horse. To K͟hiẓr -K͟hān, the late ruler of K͟handesh, were given 3,000 -rupees, and to his brother, Aḥmad K͟hān,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e2902src" href="#xd24e2902" name= -"xd24e2902src">150</a> who is one of the k͟hānazādas of -the State. Hās͟him K͟hān, son of Qāsim -K͟hān, who is one of the house-born of the State, and -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb77" href="#pb77" name= -"pb77">77</a>]</span>worthy of advancement, I promoted to the rank of -2,500 personal and 1,500 horse. I gave him also one of my own horses. I -sent robes of honour to eight individuals amongst the nobles of the -army of the Deccan.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2910src" href= -"#xd24e2910" name="xd24e2910src">151</a> Five thousand rupees were -given to Niz̤ām of Shiraz, the story-teller. Three thousand -rupees were given for the expenses of the -<i>bulg͟hūr-k͟hāna</i> of Kashmir to the -<i>wakīl</i> of Mīrzā ʿAlī Beg, the governor -of that place, to send to Srinagar. I presented a jewelled dagger of -the value of 6,000 rupees to Qut̤bu-d-dīn -K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">News reached me that S͟haik͟h -Ibrāhīm Bābā, the Afghan, had opened a religious -establishment (lit. one of being a shaikh and having disciples) in one -of the parganas<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2921src" href="#xd24e2921" -name="xd24e2921src">152</a> of Lahore, and as his doings were -disreputable and foolish a considerable number of Afghans had collected -round him. I ordered him to be brought and handed over to Parwīz -to be kept in the fort of Chunar; so this vain disturbance was put an -end to.</p> -<p class="par">On Sunday, 7th Jumādā-l-awwal, many of the -mansabdars and ahadis were promoted: Mahābat K͟hān -obtained the rank of 2,000 personal and 1,300 horse, Dilāwar -K͟hān 2,000 personal and 1,400 horse, Wazīru-l-mulk -1,300 personal and 550 horse, Qayyām K͟hān 1,000 -personal and horse, S͟hyām Singh 1,500 personal and 1,200 -horse; in the same way forty-two mansabdars were promoted. On most days -the same observances occur. I presented Parwīz with a ruby of the -value of 25,000 rupees. On Wednesday the 9th of the aforesaid month, -the 21st of S͟hahrīwar,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2926src" -href="#xd24e2926" name="xd24e2926src">153</a> after three watches and -four gharis, the feast for my solar weighing, which is the commencement -of the 38th year of my age, took place. According to custom they got -ready <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb78" href="#pb78" name= -"pb78">78</a>]</span>the weighing apparatus and the scales in the house -of Maryam-zamānī (his mother). At the moment appointed -blessings were invoked and I sate in the scales. Each suspending rope -was held by an elderly person who offered up prayers. The first time -the weight in gold came to three Hindustani maunds and ten seers. After -this I was weighed against several metals, perfumes, and essences, up -to twelve weighings, the details of which will be given hereafter. -Twice a year I weigh myself against gold and silver and other metals, -and against all sorts of silks and cloths, and various grains, etc., -once at the beginning of the solar year and once at that of the lunar. -The weight of the money of the two weighings I hand over to the -different treasurers for faqirs and those in want. On the same -auspicious day I promoted Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān Koka, -who for many years had expected such a day,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2931src" href="#xd24e2931" name="xd24e2931src">154</a> with -various favours. First, I gave him the rank of 5,000 personal and -horse, and with this a special robe of honour, a jewelled sword, and -one of my own horses, with a jewelled saddle, and I gave him leave to -go to the subahdarship of the province of Bengal and Orissa, which is a -place for 50,000 horse. As a mark of honour he set off accompanied by a -large force, and two lakhs of rupees were given him as a sumptuary -allowance. My connection with his mother is such that as in my -childhood I was under her guardianship and care, I have not so much -affection for my own mother as for her. She is to me my gracious -mother, and I do not hold him less dear than my own brothers and -children. Qut̤bu-d-dīn is the foster-brother who is most fit -for fosterage. I gave 300,000 rupees to his auxiliaries. On this day I -sent 130,000 as a marriage present (<i>sāchiq</i>) for the -daughter of Pahārī (his brother Murād), who had been -betrothed to Parwīz. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb79" href= -"#pb79" name="pb79">79</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">On the 22nd, Bāz Bahādur Qalmāq, who had -long been guilty of evil practices in Bengal, by the guidance of -fortune obtained the honour of kissing my threshold. I gave him a -jewelled dagger, 8,000 rupees, and promoted him to the rank of 1,000 -personal and horse. One lakh of rupees and cash and jewels were -bestowed on Parwīz. Kesho Dās Mārū was promoted to -the grade of 1,500 personal and horse. Abū-l-ḥasan, who had -been the diwan and factotum of my brother Dāniyāl, together -with his children,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2940src" href= -"#xd24e2940" name="xd24e2940src">155</a> had the honour of an audience, -and was raised to the rank of 1,000 personal and 500 horse. On the 1st -of the second Jumādā S͟haik͟h -Bāyazīd,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2943src" href= -"#xd24e2943" name="xd24e2943src">156</a> who was one of the -s͟haik͟hzādas of Sīkrī, well known for -brilliance of understanding and knowledge, and the connection of old -service,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2946src" href="#xd24e2946" name= -"xd24e2946src">157</a> was honoured with the title of -Muʿaz̤z̤am K͟hān, and to him I gave the -government of Delhi. On the 21st of the same month I presented -Parwīz with a necklace composed of four rubies and one hundred -pearls. The rank of Ḥakīm Muz̤affar was fixed at 3,000 -personal and 1,000 horse, original and extra. I gave 5,000 rupees to -Nathu Māl (?), Rāja of Manjholi.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2949src" href="#xd24e2949" name="xd24e2949src">158</a></p> -<p class="par">A remarkable occurrence was the discovery of a letter -from Mīrzā ʿAzīz Koka to ʿAlī -K͟hān, the ruler of K͟handesh. I had had an impression -that he had a particular enmity to me on K͟husrau’s account, -who was his son-in-law. From the discovery of this writing it became -clear that he had never given up his innate treachery, and had adopted -this unbecoming attitude towards my revered father also. In short, this -letter which he had written at some time to Rāja ʿAlī -K͟hān <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb80" href="#pb80" name= -"pb80">80</a>]</span>was from beginning to end full of abuse and -disapprobation, and said things which no enemy even could have written -and such as could not be attributed to anyone, and far less to one like -His Majesty, <i>ʿArs͟h-ās͟hyānī</i>, a -king and an appreciative sovereign, who from childhood had educated him -and brought him up because of what was due for services rendered by his -mother, and raised the standard of reliance on him to such a high -degree as no other person possessed. This letter fell into the hands of -K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan in Burhanpur amongst the -property of Rāja ʿAlī K͟hān. He brought and -laid it before me. In reading and seeing it the hair on my limbs stood -on end. But for the consideration and due recognition of the fact that -his mother had given her milk to my father I could have killed him with -my own hand. Having procured his attendance I gave the letter into his -hand and told him to read it with a loud voice to those present. When -he saw the letter I thought his body would have parted from his soul, -but with shamelessness and impudence he read it as though he had not -written it and was reading it by order. Those present in that -paradise-like assembly of the servants of Akbar and Jahāngīr -and heard the letter read, loosened the tongue of reproach and of -curses and abuse. I put the question to him, “Leaving aside the -treacheries which in reliance on your worthless self you contrived -against <i>my</i> fortune, what was done to you by my father, who -raised you and your family from the dust of the road to such wealth and -dignity as to make you the envy of your contemporaries, that you should -write these things to the enemies of his Empire? Why did you enrol -yourself amongst the wicked and disloyal? Truly, what can one make of -an original nature and innate disposition? Since your temperament has -been nourished by the water of treachery, what else can spring up but -such actions? Passing over what you did to myself, I gave you the rank -you had held before, thinking that your treachery <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb81" href="#pb81" name="pb81">81</a>]</span>was -directed against me only. Since it has become known that you behaved in -a similar way to your benefactor and visible Deity, I leave you to the -thoughts and actions which you formerly had and still have.” -After these remarks his lips closed, and he was unable to make any -reply. What could he have said in the presence of such disgrace? I gave -an order to deprive him of his jagir. Although what this ingrate had -done was unpardonable, yet in the end, from certain considerations, I -passed it over.</p> -<p class="par">On Sunday the 26th of the above-mentioned month was held -the marriage feast of Parwīz and the daughter of Prince -Murād. The ceremony was performed in the house of Her Highness -Maryam-zamānī. The entertainment was arranged in the house of -Parwīz, and all who were present were exalted with all kinds of -honour and civilities. Nine thousand rupees were handed over to -S͟harif Āmulī and other nobles, to be given in alms to -faqirs and other poor people.</p> -<p class="par">On Sunday the 10th Rajab I left the city to hunt in -Girjhak and Nandana,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2968src" href= -"#xd24e2968" name="xd24e2968src">159</a> and took up my quarters in the -garden of Rām Dās, where I remained four days.</p> -<p class="par">On Wednesday the 13th the solar weighing of Parwīz -took place. They weighed him twelve times against various metals and -other things, and each weighing came to two maunds and eighteen seers. -I ordered the whole to be distributed amongst faqirs. At this time the -rank of S͟hajāʿat K͟hān was fixed at 1,500 -personal and 700 horse, original and extra.</p> -<p class="par">After the march of Mīrzā G͟hāzī -and his force it occurred to me to send a second contingent after him. -Having bestowed on Bahādur<a class="noteref" id="xd24e2975src" -href="#xd24e2975" name="xd24e2975src">160</a> K͟hān -Qūrbegī the rank of 1,500 personal and 800 horse, original -and extra, I started off <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb82" href= -"#pb82" name="pb82">82</a>]</span>a body of cavalry,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e2980src" href="#xd24e2980" name="xd24e2980src">161</a> which -came to about 3,000, with him under the leadership of S͟hāh -Beg and Muḥammad Amīn. For the expenses of this force -200,000 rupees were given and 1,000 musketeers were also appointed.</p> -<p class="par">I left Āṣaf K͟hān to guard -K͟husrau and defend Lahore. The Amīru-l-umarā was -deprived of the honour of waiting on me, as he had a severe illness and -remained in the city. ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq Maʿmūrī, -who had been summoned from the Rānā’s country, was -promoted to be bakhshi at headquarters, and it was ordered that in -company with ʿAbū-l-ḥasan he should perform this -service permanently. Following my father’s rule, I appoint two -men in association in the discharge of the chief offices, not from want -of confidence in them, but because, as they are mortal and no man is -safe from accidents or illness, if any confusion or obstacle should -present itself to one the other is there so that the affairs of the -servants of God may not come to ruin.</p> -<p class="par">At this time also news came that at the Dasahrā, -which is one of the fixed feast days of the Hindus, ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān had made an incursion from Kālpī, which is -his jagir, into the province of Bandīlah, and displaying great -valour made prisoner Rām Chand, son of Madhūkar, who for a -long time had made a centre of disturbance in that difficult country -and taken him to Kālpī. For this service he was presented -with a standard and raised to 3,000 personal and 2,000 horse.</p> -<p class="par">Petitions from the subah of Bihar represented that -Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān had had a battle with -Sangrām, one of the chief zamindars of Bihar, who had about 4,000 -horse and innumerable foot, on account of certain opposition and -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb83" href="#pb83" name= -"pb83">83</a>]</span>disloyalty on rough land, and that on the field -the aforesaid K͟hān had exerted himself manfully. In the end -Sangrām died of a gunshot wound; many of his men fell in the -battle, and those saved from the sword took to flight. Since this -distinguished affair had been brought about by Jahāngīr -Qulī K͟hān, I promoted him to the rank of 4,500 personal -and 3,500 horse.</p> -<p class="par">Three months and six days passed by in hunting; 581 -animals were captured with the gun, hunting leopards and nets, and a -<i>qamargāh</i>; of these 158 were killed by my own gun. The -qamargah was held twice; on one occasion in Girjhāk, when the -ladies were present, 155 animals were killed; and the second time, in -Nandīna, 110.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3003src" href= -"#xd24e3003" name="xd24e3003src">162</a> The details of the animals -killed are as follows: mountain sheep, 180; mountain goats, 29; wild -asses, 10; Nilgai, 9; antelope, etc., 348.</p> -<p class="par">On Wednesday the 16th Shawwāl I returned safe from -my hunting, and when one watch and six gharis of day had passed I -entered Lahore on the day named. During this hunting a strange affair -was witnessed. At Chandwālah, where a minaret had been erected, I -had wounded in the belly a black antelope. When wounded, a sound -proceeded from him such as I have never heard from any antelope, except -in the rutting season. Old hunters and those with me were astonished, -and said they never remembered nor had they heard from their fathers -that such a voice issued from an antelope except at rutting time. This -has been written down because it is not void of strangeness. I found -the flesh of the mountain goat more delicious than that of all wild -animals, although its skin is exceedingly ill-odoured, so much so that -even when tanned the scent is not destroyed. I ordered one of the -largest of the he-goats to be weighed; it was 2 maunds and 24 seers, -equal to 21 foreign maunds <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb84" href= -"#pb84" name="pb84">84</a>]</span>(Persian). I ordered a large ram to -be weighed, and it came to 2 maunds and 3 seers <i>Akbarī</i>, -equal to 17 Persian (<i>wilāyatī</i>) maunds. The largest and -strongest of the wild asses weighed 9 maunds and 16 seers, equal to 76 -Persian (wilāyatī) maunds. I have frequently heard from -hunters and those fond of the chase that at a certain regular time a -worm develops in the horns of the mountain ram, and that this worm -causes an irritation which induces the ram to fight with his hind, and -that if he finds no rival he strikes his head against a tree or a rock -to allay the irritation. After enquiry it seems that the same worm -appears in the horn of the female sheep, and since the female does not -fight the statement is clearly untrue. Though the flesh of the wild ass -is lawful food and most men like to eat it, it was in no way suited to -my taste.</p> -<p class="par">Inasmuch as before this time the punishment of -Dulīp and of his father, Rāy Rāy Singh, had been -ordered, there now came news that Zāhid K͟hān, the son -of Ṣādiq K͟hān, and ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm, -son of S͟haik͟h Abū-l-faẓl, and Rānā -<span class="corr" id="xd24e3021" title= -"Source: Sankar">S͟hankar</span> and Muʿizzu-l-mulk, with -another force of mansabdars and followers of the Court, had heard news -of Dulīp in the neighbourhood of Nāgor, which is in the subah -of Ajmir, and having moved against him had found him. As he could find -no way of escape, of necessity he planted a firm foot and came to blows -with the royal army. After a short encounter he was badly beaten and -gave over many to slaughter, and himself, taking with him his own -effects, fled into the vale of ruin.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“With broken arms and loosened belt,</p> -<p class="line">No power to fight and no care for head.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">In spite of his old age, I continued Qilīj -K͟hān in his mansab because of his service under my father, -and I ordered that he should get a jagir in the sarkar of -Kālpī.</p> -<p class="par">In the month Ẕī-l-qaʿda the mother of -Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān Koka, who had given me her milk -and was as <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb85" href="#pb85" name= -"pb85">85</a>]</span>a mother to me or even kinder than my own kind -mother, and in whose lap I had been brought up from infancy, was -committed to the mercy of God. I placed the feet of her corpse on my -shoulders and carried her a part of the way (to her grave). Through -extreme grief and sorrow I had no inclination for some days to eat, and -I did not change my clothes.</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e815" href="#xd24e815src" name="xd24e815">1</a></span> That is, he -was 37 years 3 months by the lunar calendar, and 36 years 1 month by -solar reckoning (Pāds͟hāhnāma, i, 69). Elliot and -all the MSS. have 8th Jumādā-s̤-s̤ānī as -the date of the accession, but this is clearly wrong, as Akbar did not -die till 13th Jumādā-s̤-s̤ānī. Evidently -the copyists have, as is so often the case, misread <i>bistam</i> as -<i>has͟htam</i>. See Blochmann’s remark, p. 454, note 3. -That Jahāngīr was not at this time 38 is shown by his stating -at p. 37 that he celebrated his 38th birthday at Lahore after the -capture of K͟husrau. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e815src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e858" href="#xd24e858src" name="xd24e858">2</a></span> The -Sanskrit Kalinda. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e858src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e876" href="#xd24e876src" name="xd24e876">3</a></span> The couplet -appears in Masʿūd’s divan, B.M. MS. Egerton, 701, p. -142a, line 4. The preceding lines show that the dust (<i>gard</i>) -referred to in the first line means the dust caused by the invading -army. I take the words <i>barū bārhāī</i> to mean -the battlements or pinnacles of the fortress, the <i>ī</i> at the -end of <i>bārhā</i> being intensive. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e876src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e923" href="#xd24e923src" name="xd24e923">4</a></span> -Erskine’s manuscript translation of the -Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, B.M. MS. Add. 26,611, and the -B.M. MS. have <i>chīnī</i>, not -<i>ḥabs͟hī</i>. But I.O. MS. No. 181 and the R.A.S. MS. -have <i>ḥusainī</i>, and this seems right. See Memoirs, -Leyden & Erskine, p. 326, and the Haidarabad Turkī text, p. -284. The <i>kis͟hmis͟hī</i> is a small grape like that -of which currants are made. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e923src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e945" href="#xd24e945src" name="xd24e945">5</a></span> Cf. -<i>infra</i> the account of the 11th year, p. 173. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e945src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e963" href="#xd24e963src" name="xd24e963">6</a></span> See -Memoirs. L. & E., p. 330. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e963src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e973" href="#xd24e973src" name="xd24e973">7</a></span> The name -<i>rāe bel</i> is not given in Clarke’s Roxburgh, but -perhaps it is one of the jessamines, and may be the <i>bela</i> of -Clarke (p. 30). The <i>rāe bel</i> is described by -Abū-l-faẓl (Blochmann, pp. 76 and 82). The statement about -its flowers being double and treble is obscure. Erskine renders the -passage “The leaves are generally two and three fold.” The -Persian word is <i>t̤abaqa</i>, which apparently is equivalent to -the <i>tūī</i> or fold of the Āyīn-i-Akbarī, -Persian text, i, 96. The reference may be to the flowers growing in -umbels. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e973src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e993" href="#xd24e993src" name="xd24e993">8</a></span> This is the -<i>bokul</i> of Indian gardens (Clarke, p. 313), and well deserves -Jahāngīr’s praise. It is probably the -<i>bholsārī</i> mentioned in the Āyīn (Blochmann, -No. 10, p. 83). Blochmann gives <i>bholsirī</i> (p. 70) as the -name of a fruit-tree, and the <i>bholsārī</i> of p. 83 maybe -a mistake for <i>mūlsarī</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e993src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1016" href="#xd24e1016src" name="xd24e1016">9</a></span> The text -has <i>sewtī</i>, but the <i>sewtī</i> seems to be the -<i>Rosa glandulifera</i> of Roxburgh (Clarke, p. 407) and has no -resemblance to the <i>Pandanus</i>. See also the description of the -<i>sewtī</i>, Blochmann, p. 82. (Perhaps there are two -<i>sewtīs</i>, one famous for fragrance, the other for beauty. See -l.c., pp. 76 and 82.) What is meant in the text is evidently a -<i>Pandanus</i> and the <i>ketkī</i> of Blochmann, p. 83. I have -followed, therefore, I.O. MS. 181, and have substituted -<i>ketkī</i> for <i>sewtī</i>. The <i>ketkī</i> may be -<i>Pandanus inermis</i>, which has no thorns (Clarke, p. 708). Erskine -also has <i>ketkī</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1016src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1079" href="#xd24e1079src" name="xd24e1079">10</a></span> L.c. p. -33 et seq. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1079src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1116" href="#xd24e1116src" name="xd24e1116">11</a></span> Du -Jarric, who got his information from missionary reports, seems to imply -that the chain was of silver, and says that Jahāngīr was -following the idea of an old Persian king. It is mentioned in the Siyar -al-mutaʾak͟hk͟hirīn (reprint, i, 230) that -Muḥammad S͟hāh in 1721 revived this, and hung a long -chain with a bell attached to it from the octagon tower which looked -towards the river. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1116src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1155" href="#xd24e1155src" name="xd24e1155">12</a></span> In text -this is wrongly made part of regulation 2. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e1155src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1168" href="#xd24e1168src" name="xd24e1168">13</a></span> Gladwin -and the MSS. have <i>dilbahra</i> (exhilarating drink), and this is -probably correct. Jahāngīr would know little about -rice-spirit. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1168src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1175" href="#xd24e1175src" name="xd24e1175">14</a></span> This -regulation is more fully expounded in Price, p. 7. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e1175src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1202" href="#xd24e1202src" name="xd24e1202">15</a></span> It is -curious that Jahāngīr should give the 18th -Rabīʿu-l-awwal as his birthday, while the authorities give it -as the 17th. Probably the mistake has arisen from -Jahāngīr’s writing Rabīʿu-l-awwal instead of -S͟hahrīwar. His birthday was Ras͟hn the 18th day of -S͟hahrīwar (see Akbarnāma, ii, 344), but it was the 17th -Rabīʿu-l-awwal. See Muḥammad Hādī’s -preface, p. 2, and Beale, and Jahāngīr’s own statement -a few lines above. Possibly Jahāngīr wished to make out that -he was born on the 18th Rabīʿu-l-awwal and a Thursday, -because he regarded Thursday as a blessed day (<i>mubārak -s͟hamba</i>), whilst he regarded Wednesday as peculiarly unlucky, -and called it <i>kam</i>, or <i>gam</i>, -<i>s͟hamba</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1202src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1217" href="#xd24e1217src" name="xd24e1217">16</a></span> Cf. -Elliot’s translation, vi, 513, and note 2. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e1217src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1234" href="#xd24e1234src" name="xd24e1234">17</a></span> The -MSS. have “the subsistence lands of people in general -(<i>ahālī</i>) and the <i>aimas</i>.” <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e1234src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1250" href="#xd24e1250src" name="xd24e1250">18</a></span> In the -text and in Elliot, vi, 515, this is made a separate order, but it is -not so in the MSS. If it were, we should have thirteen instead of -twelve regulations. This is avoided in text and in Elliot by putting -the 8th and 7th regulations into one ordinance. With regard to the -regulation about releasing the prisoners, Sir Henry Elliot is somewhat -unjust to Jahāngīr in his commentary at p. 515. It was only -those who had been <i>long</i> imprisoned whom Jahāngīr -released, and his proceedings at Ranthambhor in the 13th year -(Tūzuk, p. 256) show that he exercised discrimination in releasing -prisoners. The account in Price, p. 10, may also be consulted. There -Jahāngīr says he released 7,000 men from Gwalior alone. It -may be remembered that most of these were political offenders. Private -criminals were for the most part put to death, or mutilated, or fined. -There were no regular jails. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1250src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1256" href="#xd24e1256src" name="xd24e1256">19</a></span> The -above translation of the Institutes should be compared with Sir Henry -Elliot’s translation and his commentary: History of India, E. -& D., vol. vi, Appendix, p. 493. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1256src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1359" href="#xd24e1359src" name="xd24e1359">20</a></span> -Erskine’s MS. has <i>īs̤ārī</i> for -<i>nis̤ārī</i>, and <i>ak͟htar-i-qabūl</i> -instead of <i>k͟hair-i-qabūl</i>. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e1359src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1384" href="#xd24e1384src" name="xd24e1384">21</a></span> This is -Blochmann’s Āṣaf K͟hān No. iii, viz. -Mīrzā Jaʿfar Beg. See pp. 368 and 411. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e1384src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1402" href="#xd24e1402src" name="xd24e1402">22</a></span> The -words Āftāb-i-Mamlakat yield, according to the numeration by -<i>abjad</i>, the date 1014 <span class="sc">A.H.</span> -(1605). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1402src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1444" href="#xd24e1444src" name="xd24e1444">23</a></span> Page 4 -of the text is followed by engravings of the coins of -Jahāngīr and the inscriptions thereon, for which the editor, -Saiyid Aḥmad, says he is indebted to Mr. Thornhill, the Judge of -Meerut. They do not show the lines of poetry. There is an interesting -article on the couplets on Jahāngīr’s coins by Mr. C. -J. Rodgers, J.A.S.B. for 1888, p. 18. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1444src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1462" href="#xd24e1462src" name="xd24e1462">24</a></span> The -chronogram is ingenious. The words -Ṣāḥib-Qirān-i-S̤ānī yield only -1013 according to <i>abjad</i>, and this is a year too little. But the -verse states that Prosperity (or Fortune), Iqbāl, laid his head at -the second lord of conjunction’s feet, and the head of -Iqbāl, according to the parlance of chronogram-composers, is the -first letter of the word, that is, alif, which stands for one -(<span class="Arabic" lang="ar">ا</span>) in <i>abjad</i>, and so -the date 1014 is made up. -Ṣāḥib-Qirān-i-S̤ānī means -‘the second lord of conjunction,’ and is a title generally -applied to S͟hāh Jahān; the first lord of conjunction -(i.e the conjunction of Jupiter and Venus) was -Tīmūr. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1462src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1476" href="#xd24e1476src" name="xd24e1476">25</a></span> A great -officer under Humāyūn and Akbar. See Āyīn, -Blochmann, p. 317. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1476src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1481" href="#xd24e1481src" name="xd24e1481">26</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 331. He had 1,200 eunuchs. He is generally styled -Saʿīd Chag͟hatai. The exact nature of his relationship -does not appear. It is not mentioned in his biography in the -Maʾās̤ir, ii, 403. Perhaps the word <i>(nisbat)</i> does -not here mean affinity by marriage. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1481src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1487" href="#xd24e1487src" name="xd24e1487">27</a></span> -According to the account in Price, p. 16, and in the -Maʾās̤ir, ii, 405, Saʿīd K͟hān gave -a bond that if his people were oppressive he would forfeit his -head. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1487src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1498" href="#xd24e1498src" name="xd24e1498">28</a></span> He does -not seem to have had any real power, and he was soon superseded. See -Maʾās̤ir, iii, 932. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1498src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1505" href="#xd24e1505src" name="xd24e1505">29</a></span> It -appears from Erskine and from I.O. MS. that this is a mistake for -Yātis͟h-begī, ‘Captain of the Watch,’ and -that the name is Amīnu-d-dīn, and not Amīnu-d-daula. See -Akbarnāma, iii, 474, etc. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1505src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1509" href="#xd24e1509src" name="xd24e1509">30</a></span> -S͟harīf K͟hān had been sent by Akbar to recall -Jahāngīr to his duty, but instead of coming back he stayed -on. He did not accompany Jahāngīr when the latter went off -the second time to wait upon his father. Probably he was afraid to do -so. Jahāngīr appointed him to Bihar before he left Allahabad -to visit his father for the second time. Jahāngīr says -S͟harīf waited upon him fifteen days after his accession, and -on 4th Rajab. This is another proof, if proof were needed, that the -copyists have misread the opening sentence of the Tūzuk and have -written <i>has͟htam</i> instead of <i>bistam</i>, for 4th Rajab is -fifteen days after 20th Jumādā-l-āk͟hir. The -Pāds͟hāhnāma and K͟hāfī -K͟hān have 20th, and Price and Price’s original say -that S͟harīf arrived sixteen days after the -accession. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1509src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1542" href="#xd24e1542src" name="xd24e1542">31</a></span> I.O. -MS. 181 and Muḥammad Hādī have Sult̤ān -Nis̤ār Begam. K͟hāfī K͟hān, i, 245, -has Sult̤ān Begam, and says she was born in 994. -Price’s Jahāngīr, p. 20, says she was born a year -before K͟husrau. She built a tomb for herself in the K͟husrau -Bāg͟h, Allahabad, but she is not buried there (see J.R.A.S. -for July, 1907, p. 607). She died on 4th S͟haʿbān, 1056 -(5th September, 1646), and was at her own request buried in her -grandfather’s tomb at Sikandra (Pāds͟hāhnāma, -ii, 603–4). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1542src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1566" href="#xd24e1566src" name="xd24e1566">32</a></span> Should -be S͟haik͟hāwaṭ. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1566src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1571" href="#xd24e1571src" name="xd24e1571">33</a></span> The -R.A.S. and I.O. MSS. have here Umrā instead of Uzbegs. Umrā -here stands, I think, for Umr Singh, the Rānā of -Udaipūr, and the meaning is that S͟hīr K͟hān -lost his arm in service against the Rānā. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e1571src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1580" href="#xd24e1580src" name="xd24e1580">34</a></span> The -point of the verse seems to be that light is regarded as something -spread like a carpet on the ground, and that to place the foot upon it -is to insult the sun. Compare Price, p. 33; but Manohar’s verse -is wrongly translated there owing to a badly written MS. For Manohar -see Akbarnāma, iii, 221, and Badayūnī, iii, 201, also -Blochmann, p. 494, and his article in <i>Calcutta Review</i> for April, -1871, also the Dabistān, translation, ii, 53. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e1580src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1603" href="#xd24e1603src" name="xd24e1603">35</a></span> -Probably here <i>āb</i> means both water and the water of the -sword. These lines are not in the R.A.S. or I.O. MSS. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e1603src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1615" href="#xd24e1615src" name="xd24e1615">36</a></span> Text, -<i>iḥtiyāt̤</i> (caution); the MSS. have -<i>iʿtiqād</i> (confidence), and I adopt this -reading. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1615src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1627" href="#xd24e1627src" name="xd24e1627">37</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 52. It was a small round seal. <i>Ūzūk</i> or -<i>ūzuk</i> is a Tartar word meaning a ring, i.e. a -signet-ring. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1627src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1640" href="#xd24e1640src" name="xd24e1640">38</a></span> Text, -<i>ṣabiyya</i> (daughter), and this led Blochmann (p. 477, note -2) to say that if Sayyid Aḥmad’s text was correct -Jahāngīr must have forgotten, in the number of his wives, -which of them was the mother of Parwīz. As a fact, Sayyid -Aḥmad’s text is not correct, though the R.A.S. MS. agrees -with it. The two excellent I.O. MSS. have -<i>k͟hwīs͟h</i> (relative), which is here equivalent to -cousin. So also has the B.M. MS. used by Erskine. According to -Muḥammad Hādī’s preface Parwīz’s -mother was the daughter of K͟hwāja Ḥasan, the paternal -uncle of Zain K͟hān Koka. His birth was in Muḥarram, -998, or 19th Ābān (November, 1589). See also Akbarnāma, -iii, 568. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1640src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1649" href="#xd24e1649src" name="xd24e1649">39</a></span> I.e., -both were Akbar’s foster-brothers. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1649src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1652" href="#xd24e1652src" name="xd24e1652">40</a></span> Price, -p. 20, has Karmitty, and says the daughter only lived two months. -Karamsī appears twice in the Akbarnāma as the name of a man; -see Akbarnāma, ii, 261, and iii, 201. The name may mean -‘composed of kindness.’ The statement in Price is wrong. -Bihār Bānū was married to T̤ahmuras̤ s. Prince -Dāniyāl in his 20th year (see Tūzuk, M. -Hādī’s continuation, p. 400). According to M. -Hādī’s preface, Karamsī was the daughter of -Rāja Kesho Dās Rāthor, and her daughter Bihār -Bānū was born on 23rd S͟hahrīwar, 998 (September, -1590). Kesho Dās Rāṭhor is probably the Kesho Dās -Mārū of the Tūzuk. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1652src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1655" href="#xd24e1655src" name="xd24e1655">41</a></span> Best -known as Jodh Bāī (Blochmann, p. 619). <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e1655src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1662" href="#xd24e1662src" name="xd24e1662">42</a></span> It is -extraordinary that Jahāngīr should have put -S͟hāh-Jahān’s birth into <span class= -"sc">A.H.</span> 999. The I.O. MSS. support the text, but the R.A.S. -MS. has <span class="sc">A.H.</span> 1000, which is without doubt -right. Cf. Akbarnāma, Bib. Ind., iii, 603. Later on, a great point -was made of his having been born in a millennium. The date is 5th -January, 1592. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1662src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1674" href="#xd24e1674src" name="xd24e1674">43</a></span> -Muḥammad Hādī says in his preface, p. 6, that -S͟hāh-Jahān’s grandfather Akbar gave him the name -of Sultan K͟hurram, ‘Prince Joy,’ because his birth -made the world glad. It was noted that the child was born in the first -millennium, and also that, like his father, he was born in the same -month as the Prophet. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1674src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1681" href="#xd24e1681src" name="xd24e1681">44</a></span> Gladwin -says they were twins, but this seems a mistake. They were both born -about the time of Akbar’s death. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1681src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1686" href="#xd24e1686src" name="xd24e1686">45</a></span> In MS. -No. 310 of Ethé’s Cat. of I.O. MSS. Saʿid -K͟hān is described as giving as his reason for asking for M. -G͟hāzī that he had adopted him as his son. Price’s -Jahāngīr, p. 21, says the same thing. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e1686src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1693" href="#xd24e1693src" name="xd24e1693">46</a></span> This -should be Jān, and is so in I.O. MS. 181. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e1693src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1696" href="#xd24e1696src" name="xd24e1696">47</a></span> See -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, iii, 932. The meaning of the -half and half is that the two men were made coadjutors. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e1696src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1701" href="#xd24e1701src" name="xd24e1701">48</a></span> In -R.A.S. and I.O. MSS. the following passage is a verse. See also Mr. -Lowe’s translation, p. 16. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1701src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1709" href="#xd24e1709src" name="xd24e1709">49</a></span> -<i>Wird</i> means ‘daily practice,’ and may be the word -intended here. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1709src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1717" href="#xd24e1717src" name="xd24e1717">50</a></span> Cf. -this with the fuller details in Price, p. 22. Following Blochmann, I -take S͟hab-i-jumʿa to mean Thursday and not Friday -night. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1717src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1723" href="#xd24e1723src" name="xd24e1723">51</a></span> The -text has ʿAbdu-l-G͟hanī, but this, as the MSS. show and -Blochmann has pointed out, is a mistake for ʿAbdu-n-Nabī. -ʿAbdu-n-Nabī was strangled, and the common report is that -this was done by Abū-l-faẓl. If this be true it is rather -surprising that Jahāngīr does not mention it as an excuse for -killing Abū-l-faẓl. Cf. the account of Mīrān -Ṣadr Jahān in Price, p. 24. The “Forty Sayings” -is a book by Jāmī. See Rieu, Cat. i, 17, and also Dr. -Herbelot s.v. <i>Arbain</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1723src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1732" href="#xd24e1732src" name="xd24e1732">52</a></span> This -should be G͟hiyās̤ Beg. He was father of -Nūrjahān. According to the -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā (i, 129), he was commander of -1,000 under Akbar. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1732src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1741" href="#xd24e1741src" name="xd24e1741">53</a></span> -<i>Topk͟hāna-i-rikāb</i>, lit. stirrup-arsenal. It means -light artillery that could accompany royal progresses. See Bernier, and -Irvine, A. of M., 134. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1741src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1749" href="#xd24e1749src" name="xd24e1749">54</a></span> Text, -<i>topchī</i>, which seems properly to mean a gunner, but the -number is preposterous. Cf. Blochmann, p. 470, and Price, p. 28. -Price’s original has 6,000 <i>topchī</i> mounted on camels, -and has <i>pāytak͟ht</i>, i.e. the capital. Erskine has -“To have always in readiness in the arsenal arms, and -accoutrements for 50,000 matchlock men.” This seems reasonable, -for even if Jahāngīr ordered 50,000 musketeers, he would not -have required them to be kept in the arsenal. It seems to me that -though <i>chī</i> in <span class="corr" id="xd24e1763" title= -"Source: Turki">Turkī</span> is the sign of the agent (<i lang= -"la">nomen agentis</i>) it is occasionally used by Indian writers as a -diminutive. Thus <i>topchī</i> here probably means a small gun or -a musket, and in Hindustani we are familiar with the word -<i>chilamchī</i>, which means a small basin. At p. 301 of the -Tūzuk, four lines from foot, we have the word -<i>īlchī</i>, which commonly means an ambassador—an -agent of a people—used certainly not in this sense, and -apparently to mean a number of horses. It is, however, doubtful if -<i>īlchī</i> here be the true reading. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e1749src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1803" href="#xd24e1803src" name="xd24e1803">55</a></span> Text, -<i>aknūn</i> (now), which is a mistake for <i>altūn</i> -(gold). See Elliot and Dowson, vi, 288. <i>Āl</i> is vermilion in -Turkī and <i>altūn</i> gold. Jahāngīr means that he -changed the name from <i>āl tamg͟hā</i> to <i>altūn -tamg͟hā</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1803src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1832" href="#xd24e1832src" name="xd24e1832">56</a></span> -Mīrzā Sult̤ān was great-grandson of -Sulaimān. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1832src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1835" href="#xd24e1835src" name="xd24e1835">57</a></span> Perhaps -the reference is to the boy’s own father. He was alive at this -time, and Akbar was not. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1835src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1838" href="#xd24e1838src" name="xd24e1838">58</a></span> This is -the man who afterwards rebelled and made Jahāngīr his -prisoner. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1838src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1850" href="#xd24e1850src" name="xd24e1850">59</a></span> Text, -<i>ulūs-i-Dihli</i>. Blochmann (p. 482 n.) points out that this is -a very doubtful term, as Mīrzā ʿAlī came from -Badakhshan. On examining three MSS. of the -Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī I find no word <i>Dihli</i>, but -the words <i>īn ulūs</i>, ‘this tribe or family,’ -and I think this must be the correct reading, and refers to the -Timurides. The same phrase occurs at text, p. 173. Blochmann suggests -to read <i>Dūldāy</i> for <i>Dihli</i>, but I think it more -probable that the word <i>Dihli</i> should be -<i>ʿālī</i>. Mīrzā ʿAlī was styled -<i>Akbars͟hāhī</i>, and no doubt this is why -Jahāngīr writes <i>īn ulūs</i> or -<i>ulūs-i-ʿālī</i>. Mīrzā ʿAlī -is often mentioned in the Akbarnāma in connection with the wars in -the Deccan, and is generally called Akbars͟hāhī, e.g. at -p. 702. For an account of his pathetic death see Blochmann, l.c., the -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, iii, 357, and the text, p. -163. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1850src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1893" href="#xd24e1893src" name="xd24e1893">60</a></span> The -MSS. have a different reading, “If a king seize country and -climes,” etc. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1893src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1900" href="#xd24e1900src" name="xd24e1900">61</a></span> -S͟hāhruk͟h was married to Jahāngīr’s -half-sister, S͟hakaru-n-nisā. He was a -Timurid. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1900src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1912" href="#xd24e1912src" name="xd24e1912">62</a></span> The -MSS. have Abū-l-walī, and this seems more -likely. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1912src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1917" href="#xd24e1917src" name="xd24e1917">63</a></span> The -MSS. have Bhīnā, and Price’s original seems also to -have Bhīnā. Muqarrab did not return for about seven months, -as this entry could not have been made till then. See p. 35 of Persian -text of Tūzuk. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1917src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1922" href="#xd24e1922src" name="xd24e1922">64</a></span> Text, -<i>Suk͟hunān-i-past u buland</i>. Cf. Steingass, s.v. -<i>past</i>. Words gentle and severe seem meant. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e1922src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1934" href="#xd24e1934src" name="xd24e1934">65</a></span> See -Blochmann, p. 447. He is mentioned by Du Jarric as disputing with the -Catholic priests before Jahāngīr (see J.A.S.B. for 1896, p. -77). According to Badayūnī, iii, 98, it was -Naqīb’s father, ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf, with whom -Akbar read (see Akbarnāma, ii, 19). ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf -and his family arrived in 963 (1556). Erskine understands -Jahāngīr’s remark to mean that Naqīb was his -(Jahāngīr’s) teacher, but probably Jahāngīr -means that it was Naqīb’s father who taught Akbar, or he has -confounded the father and son. As Naqīb lived till 1023 (1614), he -would probably be too young in 1556 to have been Akbar’s -teacher. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1934src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1945" href="#xd24e1945src" name="xd24e1945">66</a></span> -Mān Singh was the adopted son of Bhagwān Dās, and it -would appear from this passage that he was his nephew -also. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1945src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1948" href="#xd24e1948src" name="xd24e1948">67</a></span> The -MSS. have Ḥātim s. Bābūī Manglī, and -this is right. See Blochmann, p. 370, n. i, and p. 473. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e1948src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1951" href="#xd24e1951src" name="xd24e1951">68</a></span> The -MSS. have S͟hāhwār. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1951src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1956" href="#xd24e1956src" name="xd24e1956">69</a></span> I.O. -MSS. have Abū-l-walī. He was an Ūzbeg, and received the -title of Bahādur K͟hān. See Ma -ās̤iru-l-umarā, i, 400, and Akbarnāma, iii, 820 and -839, where he is called Abū-l-Baqā. The real name seems to be -Abūl Be or Bey, and this is how Erskine writes the -name. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1956src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1964" href="#xd24e1964src" name="xd24e1964">70</a></span> The -text seems corrupt. The I.O. MSS. say nothing about Shiraz, but merely -that Ḥusain Jāmī was a disciple who had a dervish -character (<i>sīrat</i>); nor does the R.A.S. MS. mention -Shiraz. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e1964src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1972" href="#xd24e1972src" name="xd24e1972">71</a></span> That -is, descended from the famous Central Asian saint K͟hwāja -Aḥrār. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1972src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1975" href="#xd24e1975src" name="xd24e1975">72</a></span> -Something seems to have fallen out of the text and MSS., for this -passage is obscure and not connected with the context. It is clearer in -Price’s version, where it is brought in as part of -Jahāngīr’s statements about promotions, and where (p. -40) we read as follows:—“I shall now return to the more -grateful subject of recording rewards and advancements.... On -K͟hwāja Zakariyyā, the son of K͟hwāja -Muḥammad Yaḥyā, although in disgrace, I conferred the -rank of 500. This I was induced to do on the recommendation of the -venerated S͟haik͟h Ḥusain Jāmī. Six months -previous to my accession,” etc. Evidently the statement about -Zakariyyā’s promotion has been omitted accidentally from the -Tūzuk. There is a reference to the S͟haik͟h’s -dream in Muḥammad Hādī’s preface to the -Tūzuk (p. 15). He says there that it was the saint -Bahāʾu-l-ḥaqq who appeared in a dream to Ḥusain -Jāmī and told him that Sult̤ān Salīm would -soon be king. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1975src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1980" href="#xd24e1980src" name="xd24e1980">73</a></span> I.e. of -Furj or Furg in Persia. But Furjī is a mistake for -Qūrchī (belonging to the body-guard). He was a Mogul. See -Blochmann, p. 457. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1980src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1983" href="#xd24e1983src" name="xd24e1983">74</a></span> Text -has wrongly Pak͟hta. See Blochmann, p. 469. He received the title -of Sardār K͟hān. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1983src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1986" href="#xd24e1986src" name="xd24e1986">75</a></span> Should -be Namakīn. See Blochmann, p. 199. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1986src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e1998" href="#xd24e1998src" name="xd24e1998">76</a></span> This -passage has been translated by Elliot (vi, 289). See also Price (p. -44), where the discussion is fuller. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e1998src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2003" href="#xd24e2003src" name="xd24e2003">77</a></span> -Jahāngīr’s idea is somewhat vaguely expressed, but his -meaning seems to be that the ten incarnations do not illustrate any -attribute of God, for there have been men who performed similar -wonders. The corresponding passage in the text used by Major Price is -differently rendered by him, but his version is avowedly a paraphrase, -and it appears incorrect in this passage. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2003src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2006" href="#xd24e2006src" name="xd24e2006">78</a></span> -Literally, “of the How and the Why.” <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2006src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2016" href="#xd24e2016src" name="xd24e2016">79</a></span> Text, -<i>s͟hīr-andām</i>, ‘tiger-shaped,’ which I -think means thin in the flank (see Steingass, s.v.). I have taken the -translation of the words malāḥat and -<i>ṣabāḥat</i> from Elliot. See his note vi, 376, -where the two words seem wrongly spelt. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2016src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2033" href="#xd24e2033src" name="xd24e2033">80</a></span> Erskine -has “Let Sulaimān place his ring on his -finger.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2033src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2056" href="#xd24e2056src" name="xd24e2056">81</a></span> Price -translates—</p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="nestedtext"> -<div class="nestedbody"> -<div class="lgouter footnote"> -<p class="line">“In pleasure of the chase with thee, my soul -breathes fresh and clear;</p> -<p class="line">But who receives thy fatal dart, sinks lifeless on his -bier.”</p> -</div> -<div class="body"></div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"> <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2056src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2075" href="#xd24e2075src" name="xd24e2075">82</a></span> Perhaps -referring to the name which Dāniyāl gave to his gun, and -which recoiled on himself, but the MSS. and text have -<i>nagīrad</i>, and not <i>bagīrad</i>. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2075src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2091" href="#xd24e2091src" name="xd24e2091">83</a></span> The -MSS. have S͟hakar-nis̤ār, -‘sugar-sprinkling.’ She lived into -S͟hāh-Jahān’s reign. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2091src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2096" href="#xd24e2096src" name="xd24e2096">84</a></span> She -died unmarried in Jahāngīr’s reign. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2096src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2113" href="#xd24e2113src" name="xd24e2113">85</a></span> This -must, I think, be the meaning, though according to the wording the -statement would seem to be that there is no room for Shias except in -Persia. Erskine has “None but Shias are tolerated in Persia, -Sunnis in Rūm and Tūrān, and Hindus in -Hindustan.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2113src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2118" href="#xd24e2118src" name="xd24e2118">86</a></span> Kings -are regarded as shadows of God. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2118src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2132" href="#xd24e2132src" name="xd24e2132">87</a></span> The -chronogram is one year short, yielding 962 instead of -963. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2132src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2166" href="#xd24e2166src" name="xd24e2166">88</a></span> -According to the T̤abaqāt, Elliot, v, 366, what the -Mīrzā said was “Where are the -elephants?” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2166src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2174" href="#xd24e2174src" name="xd24e2174">89</a></span> The -word for ‘face-guard’ is <i>pīsh-rūy</i> -(front-face), and Jahāngīr makes his father pun upon the -word, saying, “It has loosed (opened) my front-face.” Cf. -Price, p. 54. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2174src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2192" href="#xd24e2192src" name="xd24e2192">90</a></span> -‘The helper.’ This is an allusion to Akbar’s patron -saint, Muʿīnu-d-dīn Chiṣhtī, whose name he -adopted as his battle-cry. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2192src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2214" href="#xd24e2214src" name="xd24e2214">91</a></span> The -reading in the lithograph seems wrong; the MSS. have <i>az -bāzīcha</i>, ‘in jest.’ <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e2214src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2232" href="#xd24e2232src" name="xd24e2232">92</a></span> -Abū-l-faẓl is more moderate; he says (Blochmann, p. 116) -that Akbar killed 1,019 animals with Sangrām. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2232src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2242" href="#xd24e2242src" name="xd24e2242">93</a></span> -Blochmann says, of Mashhad, p. 381. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2242src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2248" href="#xd24e2248src" name="xd24e2248">94</a></span> The -furriery. See Blochmann, pp. 87 n. and 616. <i>Kurk</i> means -‘fur’ in Turki. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2248src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2258" href="#xd24e2258src" name="xd24e2258">95</a></span> The -word <i>yātish</i> is omitted in text, but occurs in the -MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2258src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2267" href="#xd24e2267src" name="xd24e2267">96</a></span> -Ḥājī Koka was sister of Saʿādat Yār Koka -(Akbar-nāma, iii, 656). According to Price this passage refers to -a widows’ fund. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2267src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2272" href="#xd24e2272src" name="xd24e2272">97</a></span> This -was one of Akbar’s regulations (Blochmann p. 142). The amount was -ten dams on each muhr of the horse’s value, calculated on an -increase of 50 per cent. See also Price, p. 61. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e2272src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2285" href="#xd24e2285src" name="xd24e2285">98</a></span> This -passage is not clear, but the peculiarity to which attention is drawn -seems rather the prominent forehead than the oozing fluid. Price (p. -62) has a fuller account of this elephant. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e2285src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2308" href="#xd24e2308src" name="xd24e2308">99</a></span> See -Blochmann, pp. 176, 452, and the very full account of him in the -Maʾās̤ir, iii, 285. Amul is an old city south of the -Caspian and west of Astrabad. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2308src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2313" href="#xd24e2313src" name="xd24e2313">100</a></span> She -was Akbar’s first and principal wife, but bore him no children. -She long survived him. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2313src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2331" href="#xd24e2331src" name="xd24e2331">101</a></span> These -are the opening lines of an ode of -Ḥāfiz̤. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2331src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2340" href="#xd24e2340src" name="xd24e2340">102</a></span> -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā. <i>Yatīm</i> instead of -Pīm or Bīm. See Blochmann, p. 470. Erskine has Saīn -Bahādur. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2340src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2351" href="#xd24e2351src" name="xd24e2351">103</a></span> MS. -181 has 34. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2351src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2377" href="#xd24e2377src" name="xd24e2377">104</a></span> I -think Jahāngīr means that though the K͟hān was an -excellent servant in his own line, he was hardly fit for the command of -2,000 or for the title of K͟hān. Cf. his praise of him at p. -71 (Blochmann, p. 498). He was called Pīs͟hrau probably from -his going on ahead with the advance camp, as being in charge of the -carpets, etc., as well as because of his personal -activity. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2377src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2385" href="#xd24e2385src" name="xd24e2385">105</a></span> In -Price’s Jahāngīr, p. 15, Jahāngīr states that -he had imprisoned K͟husrau in the upper part of the royal tower in -the castle of Agra. It from this confinement that K͟husrau -escaped. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2385src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2401" href="#xd24e2401src" name="xd24e2401">106</a></span> Du -Jarric says it was in this way that he was allowed to pass the -sentinels. Du Jarric gives the date of K͟husrau’s flight as -15th April, 1606 (this would be New Style). By Sunday night is meant -Saturday evening. Sunday was Akbar’s birthday. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2401src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2408" href="#xd24e2408src" name="xd24e2408">107</a></span> Elliot -(vii, 292) makes the Amīru-l-umarā envious of his peers, and -Jahāngīr apprehensive lest he should destroy K͟husrau, -but he had just told him that nothing he did against K͟husrau -would be wrong. Clearly Jahāngīr’s fear was that his -favourite should be destroyed by K͟husrau, or perhaps by the -Amīr’s treacherous associates. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2408src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2416" href="#xd24e2416src" name="xd24e2416">108</a></span> The -text has a curious mistake here: instead of <i>ba Kābul</i> it has -<i>bakāwal</i> (‘superintendent of the kitchen’) as -part of Dūst Muḥammad’s name. Dūst was not -<i>bakāwal</i>, but held higher office, and was later put in -charge of the fort of Agra and given the title of K͟hwāja -Jahān. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2416src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2440" href="#xd24e2440src" name="xd24e2440">109</a></span> Price, -p. 6, note. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2440src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2443" href="#xd24e2443src" name="xd24e2443">110</a></span> -According to K͟hāfī K͟hān (i, 250) he was put -to death, unless the expression “claws of death” is merely -rhetorical. The Maʾās̤ir (iii, 334) says he was -imprisoned. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2443src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2446" href="#xd24e2446src" name="xd24e2446">111</a></span> The -above obscure passage is explained in Price, p. 69. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2446src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2455" href="#xd24e2455src" name="xd24e2455">112</a></span> Elliot -(vi, 293) observes that this is a very involved and obscure -passage. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2455src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2461" href="#xd24e2461src" name="xd24e2461">113</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 418. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2461src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2467" href="#xd24e2467src" name="xd24e2467">114</a></span> The -word <i>tiryāq</i> means both opium and antidote. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2467src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2475" href="#xd24e2475src" name="xd24e2475">115</a></span> -Blochmann, relying on K͟hāfi K͟hān, puts her death -in 1011, and the Akbar-nāma (iii, 826) puts it in 1012. The -chronogram in the K͟husrau Bāg͟h yields 1012. See -J.R.A.S. for July, 1907, p. 604. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2475src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2489" href="#xd24e2489src" name="xd24e2489">116</a></span> Where -Lord Bellomont died in 1656. See Manucci (Irvine), i, -71. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2489src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2492" href="#xd24e2492src" name="xd24e2492">117</a></span> -Probably this means the grandsons. At p. 329 it is mentioned that the -grandsons had been confined in Gwalior up to the 16th -year. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2492src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2499" href="#xd24e2499src" name="xd24e2499">118</a></span> -<i>Pāra</i>, qu. ‘a heap’? <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e2499src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2504" href="#xd24e2504src" name="xd24e2504">119</a></span> Narela -is said to be 15½ miles north-west of Delhi. William Finch, in -his itinerary, mentions the stage as Nalera, a name that corresponds -with Jahāngīr’s. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2504src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2514" href="#xd24e2514src" name="xd24e2514">120</a></span> 53 -miles north of Delhi. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2514src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2537" href="#xd24e2537src" name="xd24e2537">121</a></span> -Instead of <i>tāza</i> the MSS. have <i>pāra</i>, and the -meaning seems to be that he accompanied K͟husrau for some -distance. In Price’s Jahāngīr (p. 81) it is said that -Niz̤ām received 6,000 rupees. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2537src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2551" href="#xd24e2551src" name="xd24e2551">122</a></span> This -is an interesting passage, because it is Jahāngīr’s -account of his father’s ‘Divine Faith.’ But it is -obscure, and copyists seem to have made mistakes. It is explained -somewhat by the MS. used by Price (trans., pp. 82, 83), where more -details are given than in the text. It is there stated that Aḥmad -was Mīr-i-ʿAdl of Jahāngīr before the -latter’s accession. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2551src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2554" href="#xd24e2554src" name="xd24e2554">123</a></span> The -text has <i>dast u sīna</i> (hand and bosom), but the correct -words, as is shown in the I.O. MS., No. 181, are <i>s͟hast u -s͟habiha</i> or <i>s͟habah</i>, and these refer to the ring -or token and the portrait given by Akbar to the followers of the -‘Divine Faith.’ See Blochmann, pp. 166 n. and 203; and -Badayūnī, ii, 338. Aḥmad appears to be the Aḥmad -<i>Sūfī</i> of Blochmann, pp. 208, 209, and of -Badayūnī, ii, 404, and Lowe, p. 418. He was a member of the -‘Divine Faith.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2554src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2585" href="#xd24e2585src" name="xd24e2585">124</a></span> Text, -<i>pūj</i> or <i>pūch</i>, but the manuscript reading -<i>lūk</i> is preferable. Erskine’s MS. has <i>lūj</i>, -naked. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2585src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2606" href="#xd24e2606src" name="xd24e2606">125</a></span> Price -(p. 83) has Anand or Anwand. Apparently Alūwa is right; it is a -place 18 miles north-west of Umballa. Cf. “India under -Aurangzib,” by J. N. Sarkar. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2606src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2609" href="#xd24e2609src" name="xd24e2609">126</a></span> -Abū-l-Bey, the Abū-l-Baqā of Akbar-nāma, iii, -820. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2609src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2612" href="#xd24e2612src" name="xd24e2612">127</a></span> A -member of the ‘Divine Faith’ (Blochmann, p. 452, -etc.). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2612src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2622" href="#xd24e2622src" name="xd24e2622">128</a></span> The -text has <i>qatl</i> by mistake for <i>qabl</i>. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2622src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2645" href="#xd24e2645src" name="xd24e2645">129</a></span> -<i>Biryānī.</i> See Blochmann, p. 60. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e2645src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2653" href="#xd24e2653src" name="xd24e2653">130</a></span> The -Gundvāl of Tiefenthaler, i, 113. Cunningham, in his history of the -Sikhs, spells it Goīndwāl. It is on the Beas. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2653src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2662" href="#xd24e2662src" name="xd24e2662">131</a></span> The -text has <i>singhāsan</i> instead of <i>sukhāsan</i>. -Kāmgāar Ḥusainī has -<i>sukhpāl</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2662src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2692" href="#xd24e2692src" name="xd24e2692">132</a></span> -Instead of the <i>basūzānād</i> of the text, the MSS. -have <i>bas͟hūrānad</i>, he defiles. In the last line -they have <i>jāy</i> instead of <i>tak͟ht</i>. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2692src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2714" href="#xd24e2714src" name="xd24e2714">133</a></span> I.e. -the place to which to turn in prayer. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2714src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2725" href="#xd24e2725src" name="xd24e2725">134</a></span> Elliot -(vi, 299) has Jahān, and the word in the MSS. does not look like -Jaipāl. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2725src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2730" href="#xd24e2730src" name="xd24e2730">135</a></span> This -word appears to be a mistake; it is not in the MSS. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2730src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2738" href="#xd24e2738src" name="xd24e2738">136</a></span> When -the boat stuck, the boatmen swam ashore, and it was probably then that -Ḥusain shot at them. See Blochmann, p. 414, n. 2. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2738src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2757" href="#xd24e2757src" name="xd24e2757">137</a></span> -“With a chain fastened from his left hand to his left foot, -according to the law of Chingīz K͟hān” -(Gladwin’s Jahāngīr, quoted by Elliot, vi, 507). But -apparently what is meant is that K͟husrau was led up from the left -side of the emperor. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2757src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2762" href="#xd24e2762src" name="xd24e2762">138</a></span> Du -Jarric, in his history of the Jesuit Missions, gives some details about -the punishment. The bullock and ass were slaughtered on the spot and -their skins were sewed on the bodies of the unhappy men. Horns and ears -were left on the skins. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2762src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2767" href="#xd24e2767src" name="xd24e2767">139</a></span> -Perhaps the meaning is that the weather was bad. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2767src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2770" href="#xd24e2770src" name="xd24e2770">140</a></span> The -proper form seems to be Bhaironwāl, the Bhyrowal of the maps. It -is on the right bank of the Bīāh (Beas) on the road from -Jalandhar to Amritsar. See Blochmann, p. 414, note. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2770src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2775" href="#xd24e2775src" name="xd24e2775">141</a></span> The -words are omitted in the text. Erskine read in his MS. <i>gāu -jizwan</i>, which I do not understand. The I.O. MSS. and B.M. MS. Or -3276 have <i>gāwān u k͟harān</i>. Ḥusain Beg, -whose proper name was Ḥasan, was a brave soldier, and did good -service under Akbar. See his biography in Blochmann, p. -454. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2775src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2809" href="#xd24e2809src" name="xd24e2809">142</a></span> The -fifth Gūrū of the Sikhs and the compiler of the Granth. He -was the father of Har Govind. See Sayyid Muhammad -Lat̤īf’s history of the Punjāb, p. 253. -Arjun’s tomb is in Lahore. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2809src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2820" href="#xd24e2820src" name="xd24e2820">143</a></span> But -<i>qas͟hqa</i> is a Turkish word. The Hindi phrase seems to be -<i>ṭīkā</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2820src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2847" href="#xd24e2847src" name="xd24e2847">144</a></span> The -cousin of Moses, famous for his wealth; the Korah of the -Bible. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2847src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2850" href="#xd24e2850src" name="xd24e2850">145</a></span> -Gladwin has Nāgh. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2850src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2858" href="#xd24e2858src" name="xd24e2858">146</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 50. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2858src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2868" href="#xd24e2868src" name="xd24e2868">147</a></span> -Akbar-nāma, iii, 748, and Blochmann, p. 546. He was a man of piety -and learning, and Jahāngīr means that he restored him to his -former quiet life. The <i>arbāb-i-saʿādat</i>, or -auspicious persons, were those who offered up prayers for the -king’s prosperity and other blessings. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e2868src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2884" href="#xd24e2884src" name="xd24e2884">148</a></span> Amba -was killed later by Nūr-Jahān’s husband, <span class= -"corr" id="xd24e2886" title= -"Source: Shīr Afgan">Shīr-Afgan</span> (Tūzuk, pp. 54, -55). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e2884src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2890" href="#xd24e2890src" name="xd24e2890">149</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 310. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2890src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2902" href="#xd24e2902src" name="xd24e2902">150</a></span> These -words are not in the MSS., and they seem to have crept into the text by -mistake and to be a premature entry of words relating to -Hās͟him, etc. The brother of the former ruler (or king) of -K͟handesh could hardly be a -<i>k͟hānazād</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2902src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2910" href="#xd24e2910src" name="xd24e2910">151</a></span> This -should be, according to the MSS., “army against the -Rānā,” not army of the Deccan. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e2910src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2921" href="#xd24e2921src" name="xd24e2921">152</a></span> The -MSS. have “in the neighbourhood of Lahore.” Parwīz had -then charge of Bihar. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2921src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2926" href="#xd24e2926src" name="xd24e2926">153</a></span> Text, -wrongly, Bahman. Jahāngīr was born on the 21st of -S͟hahrīwar. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2926src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2931" href="#xd24e2931src" name="xd24e2931">154</a></span> -Apparently, had long looked forward to the happy day when -Jahāngīr should be weighed as a king. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e2931src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2940" href="#xd24e2940src" name="xd24e2940">155</a></span> -Perhaps the meaning is that he was introduced along with -Dāniyāl’s children. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2940src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2943" href="#xd24e2943src" name="xd24e2943">156</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 492. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2943src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2946" href="#xd24e2946src" name="xd24e2946">157</a></span> This -refers to his parentage. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2946src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2949" href="#xd24e2949src" name="xd24e2949">158</a></span> In the -MSS. this name seems to be Bhīm Mal. Manjholi is written Manjholah -in Blochmann, p. 175. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2949src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2968" href="#xd24e2968src" name="xd24e2968">159</a></span> ? -Nandanpur. These places are in Sindsagār, near -Multān. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2968src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2975" href="#xd24e2975src" name="xd24e2975">160</a></span> MS. -181 has Bahar, and it has 600 instead of 800 horse. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e2975src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e2980" href="#xd24e2980src" name="xd24e2980">161</a></span> Text, -<i>Ūymāq pūrī</i> (?). MS. 181 has -<i>būrī</i>, and 305 seems to have the same. Can it mean -‘red cavalry’? As Blochmann has pointed out, 371, n. 2, the -word Ūymāq does not always mean the tribe, but was used to -denote a superior kind of cavalry. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e2980src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3003" href="#xd24e3003src" name="xd24e3003">162</a></span> The -<i>qamargāh</i> or ring-hunt produced 265 head of game; the rest -were shot at other times; the total of the list should be apparently -576. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3003src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="yr2" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e716">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">Feast of the Second New Year.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">On Wednesday the 22nd Ẕī-l-qaʿda, -1015 (10th March, 1607), when 3½ gharis of the day had passed, -the sun rose to his House of Honour. They decorated the palace after -the usual fashion: a great entertainment was prepared, and having -seated myself at an auspicious hour on the throne of accession I -exalted the nobles and courtiers with kindness and favour. On this same -auspicious day it was learned from the reports sent from Qandahar that -the army sent under Mīrzā G͟hāzī, son of -Mīrzā Jānī, to succour (which had been appointed to -assist) S͟hāh Beg K͟hān, had entered the city of -Qandahar on the 12th of Shawwāl. When the Persians heard of the -arrival of the victorious army at the last stage before the aforesaid -city,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3040src" href="#xd24e3040" name= -"xd24e3040src">1</a> they became surprised and wretched and repentant, -and did not draw rein until they had reached the Helmand, fifty or -sixty kos distant.</p> -<p class="par">In the second place it became known that the governor of -Farāh and a number of the officers of that neighbourhood had taken -it into their heads, after the death of the late king, that in this -confusion Qandahar might easily fall into their hands, and without -waiting for an order from S͟hāh ʿAbbās had -collected together and won over the Chief of Sewistān -(Sīstān). Sending someone to <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb86" href="#pb86" name="pb86">86</a>]</span>Ḥusain -K͟hān, the governor of Herat they asked for support from him. -He also sent a force. After that they turned to attack Qandahar. -S͟hāh Beg K͟hān, the governor of that place, seeing -that battle has two heads, and that if (which God forbid!) he should be -defeated he would lose possession of Qandahar, thought that to confine -himself in a fort would be better than to fight. He therefore -determined to hold the fort, and sent quick messengers to the Court. It -happened that at this time the royal standards had started from Agra in -pursuit of K͟husrau, and had arrived at Lahore. Immediately on -hearing this news (from S͟hāh Beg K͟hān), a large -force was sent off of amirs and mansabdars under Mīrzā -G͟hāzī. Before the Mīrzā reached Qandahar the -news had been carried to the S͟hāh (of Persia) that the -governor of Farāh, with some of the jagirdars of that -neighbourhood, had proceeded towards the province of Qandahar. -Considering this an improper proceeding, he sent Ḥusain Beg, a -well-known man and one of his own intimates to make enquiries. He also -sent a farman in their names that they should move away from the -vicinity of Qandahar and go to their own places and abodes, because the -friendship and amity of his ancestors with the dignified family of -Jahāngīr Pāds͟hāh were of old standing. That -body, before the arrival of Ḥusain Beg and the King’s -order, not being able to oppose the royal army, considered the -opportunity of returning a favourable one. The said Ḥusain Beg -censured the men and started off to wait on me, which he had the honour -to do at Lahore. He explained that the ill-fated army which had -attacked Qandahar had acted without the order of S͟hāh -ʿAbbās. God forbid (he said) that in consequence of this any -unpleasantness should remain in my mind. In short, after the victorious -troops reached Qandahar, they, according to orders, delivered the fort -over to Sardār K͟hān, and S͟hāh Beg -K͟hān returned to Court with the relieving force. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb87" href="#pb87" name= -"pb87">87</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">On the 27th Ẕī-l-qaʿda, ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān, having brought Rām Chand Bandīlah into -captivity and chains, brought him before me. I ordered them to take the -fetters from his legs, and bestowed on him a robe of honour, and handed -him over to Rāja Bāso that he might take security and release -him and a number of his relations who had been captured with him. This -through my clemency and kindness came to pass. He had never imagined -such clemency and kindness as I showed to him.</p> -<p class="par">On the 2nd Ẕī-l-ḥijja I gave my son -K͟hurram a <i>tūmān u tūg͟h</i>, a flag and -drums, and bestowed on him the rank of 8,000 personal and 5,000 horse, -and gave an order for a jagir. On the same day, having exalted Pīr -K͟hān,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3057src" href="#xd24e3057" -name="xd24e3057src">2</a> son of Daulat K͟hān Lodī, who -had come from K͟handesh with the children of Dāniyāl, -with the title of Ṣalābat K͟hān and honoured him -with the rank of 3,000 personal and 1,500 horse, and presented him with -a standard and drums, I promoted him to the distinction of sonship -(<i>farzandī</i>) beyond his fellows and equals. The ancestors and -uncles of Ṣalābat K͟hān’s grandfather had -been great and honourable among the tribe of Lodī. An earlier -Daulat K͟hān, uncle of Ṣalābat -K͟hān’s grandfather, when Ibrāhīm after his -father Sikandar’s death, began to behave ill to his -father’s amirs and destroyed many, became apprehensive, and sent -his younger son, Dilāwar K͟hān, to wait upon H.M. -Bābar in Kabul, and suggested to him the acquisition of Hindustan. -As Bābar also had this enterprise in mind, he at once proceeded in -that direction, and did not turn his rein till he reached the -neighbourhood of Lahore. Daulat K͟hān with his followers -obtained the good fortune to wait upon him, and performed loyal -service. As he was an old man, adorned with inward and outward -excellencies, he did much good service. He (Bābar) generally -called him “father,” and entrusting to him as <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb88" href="#pb88" name= -"pb88">88</a>]</span>before<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3065src" href= -"#xd24e3065" name="xd24e3065src">3</a> the government of the Panjab -placed its amirs and jagirdars under his jurisdiction. Taking -Dilāwar K͟hān with him he (Bābar) returned to -Kabul. When he (Bābar) came a second time into the Panjab with -intent to invade Hindustan, Daulat K͟hān waited on him, and -about the same time died. Dilāwar K͟hān was honoured -with the title of K͟hānk͟hānān and was with -Bābar in the battle he had with Ibrāhīm. In the same way -he was permanently in waiting on the late king Humāyūn. In -the <i>thānā</i> of Mungir, at the time of his -(Humāyūn’s) return from Bengal, he fought bravely -against S͟hīr K͟hān Afg͟hān, and was made -prisoner on the field of battle. Although S͟hīr -K͟hān urged him to take service with him, he refused and -said, “Thy ancestors were always the servants of mine: how, then, -could I do this?” S͟hīr K͟hān was enraged, -and ordered him to be shut up in a wall.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3075src" href="#xd24e3075" name="xd24e3075src">4</a></p> -<p class="par">ʿUmar K͟hān, the grandfather of -Salābat K͟hān Farzand, who was cousin of Dilāwar -K͟hān, had been treated with respect in the time of -Salīm K͟hān. After Salīm K͟hān’s -death and the slaughter of Fīrūz, his son, at the hand of -Muḥammad K͟hān, ʿUmar K͟hān and his -brethren became suspicious of Muḥammad K͟hān and went -to Gujarat, where ʿUmar K͟hān died. Daulat -K͟hān, his son, who was a brave young man of pleasant -appearance, and good at all things, chose the companionship of -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm, son of Bairām K͟hān, who -had been dignified with the title of -K͟hānk͟hānān in the reign of Akbar, and -performed excellent service. The K͟hānk͟hānān -regarded him as his own brother, or even a thousand times better than -his brother, and dearer. Most of the -K͟hānk͟hānān’s victories were gained -through Daulat K͟hān’s valour and manliness.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e3080src" href="#xd24e3080" name="xd24e3080src">5</a> -When my <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb89" href="#pb89" name= -"pb89">89</a>]</span>revered father, having taken the province of -Khandesh and the fort of Āsīr, returned to Agra, he left -Dāniyāl in charge of that province and of all the provinces -acquired from the rulers of the Deccan. At this time Dāniyāl -had separated Daulat K͟hān from the -K͟hānk͟hānān, and was keeping him in -attendance on himself and handing over to him for disposal all the -business of the State. He showed him much favour and perfect affection -until he died in his service. He left two sons, one Muḥammad -K͟hān, and the other Pīr K͟hān; Muḥammad -K͟hān, who was the elder, died a short time after his father. -Dāniyāl, too, wore himself out with drinking. After my -accession I summoned Pīr K͟hān to Court. As I discovered -in him a good disposition and natural abilities, I raised the pedestal -of regard for him to the point that has been described. To-day there is -not in my government any person of greater influence than he, so much -so that on his representation I pass over faults which are not pardoned -at the intercession of any of the other servants of the Court. In -short, he is a young man of good disposition, brave, and worthy of -favour, and what I have done for him has been done rightly, and he will -be exalted by further favours.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3085src" -href="#xd24e3085" name="xd24e3085src">6</a></p> -<p class="par">As I had made up my exalted mind to the conquest of -Māwarāʾa-n-nahr (Transoxiana), which was the hereditary -kingdom of my ancestors, I desired to free the face of Hindustan from -the rubbish of the factious and rebellious, and leaving one of my sons -in that country, to go myself with a valiant army in due array, with -elephants of mountainous dignity and of lightning speed, and taking -ample treasure with me, to undertake the conquest of my ancestral -dominions. In accordance with this idea, I despatched Parwīz to -drive back the Rānā, and intended to go myself to the Deccan, -when just at that moment the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb90" href= -"#pb90" name="pb90">90</a>]</span>improper action of K͟husrau took -place, and it became necessary to pursue him and put an end to that -disturbance. For the same reason, the undertaking of Parwīz did -not assume a promising appearance, and regarding the exigency of the -time he gave a respite to the Rānā. Bringing with him one of -the Rānā’s sons, he came to wait on me, and had the -bliss of attending me in Lahore. When I was at ease about -K͟husrau’s disturbance, and the repulse of the -Qizilbāshes, who had invested Qandahar, had been brought about in -a facile way, it came into my mind to make a hunting tour to Kabul, -which is like my native land. After that I would return to Hindustan, -when the purposes of my mind would pass from design to action. In -pursuance of these steps, on the 7th Ẕī-l-ḥijja, at an -auspicious hour, I left the fort of Lahore and took up my quarters in -the Dil-āmīz Garden, which is on the other side of the Ravi, -and stayed there four days. Sunday, the 19th Farwardīn, which is -the culmination of His Majesty the Sun, I passed in the garden, and -some of the servants of the Court were favourably and kindly honoured -with increased rank. Ten thousand rupees were bestowed on Hasan Beg, -the envoy of the ruler of Persia (S͟hāh ʿAbbās). -Leaving Qilīj K͟hān, Mīrān Ṣadr -Jahān, and Mīr S͟harīf Āmulī in Lahore, I -ordered them to settle in consultation any matters that might present -themselves. On Monday I marched from the garden mentioned, and encamped -at the village of Harhar, 3½ kos distant from the city. On -Tuesday the royal standards alighted at Jahāngīrpūr, -which is one of my fixed hunting-places. In this neighbourhood had been -erected by my order a <i>manār</i> at the head of the grave of an -antelope called Mansarāj,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3095src" -href="#xd24e3095" name="xd24e3095src">7</a> which was without equal in -fights with tame <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb91" href="#pb91" name= -"pb91">91</a>]</span>antelopes and in hunting wild ones. On a stone of -that manar was carved this prose composition, written by Mullā -Muḥammad Ḥusain of Kashmir, who was the chief of the -elegant writers of the day: “In this enchanting place an antelope -came into the world-holding (<i>jahān-gīrī</i>) net of -the God-knowing ruler Nūru-d-dīn Jahāngīr -Pāds͟hāh. In the space of one month, having overcome his -desert fierceness, he became the head of the special antelopes.” -On account of the rare quality of this antelope, I commanded that no -person should hunt the deer of this plain, and that their flesh should -be to Hindus and Muhammadans as is the flesh of cows and pigs. They -made the gravestone in the shape of an antelope. I ordered Sikandar -Muʿīn, the jagirdar of the aforesaid pargana, to build a -strong fort in the village of Jahangirpur.</p> -<p class="par">On Thursday, the 14th, I encamped in the pargana of -Chandāla.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3108src" href="#xd24e3108" -name="xd24e3108src">8</a> Thence on Saturday, the 16th, making one -stage in the middle, I came to -Ḥāfiz̤ābād.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3111src" href="#xd24e3111" name="xd24e3111src">9</a> I stayed in -the station which had been erected by the exertions of the -<i>karorī</i> of that place, Mīr Qiyāmu-d-dīn. -Having reached the Chenāb in two marches on Thursday, the 21st -Ẕī-l-ḥijja, I crossed the river by a bridge which had -been built there and my camp was pitched in the neighbourhood of the -pargana of Gujrat. At the time when His Majesty Akbar went to Kashmir, -a fort had been built on that bank of the river. Having brought to this -fort a body of Gujars who had passed their time in the neighbourhood in -thieving and highway robbery, he established them here. As it had -become the abode of Gujars, he made it a separate pargana, and gave it -the name of Gujrat. They call Gujars a caste which does little manual -work and subsists on milk and curds. On Friday I pitched at -K͟hawāṣṣpūr, five kos from Gujrat, founded -by K͟hawāss <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb92" href="#pb92" -name="pb92">92</a>]</span>K͟hān, a slave of S͟hīr -K͟hān Afg͟hān. Thence, with two halts in the -middle, I pitched on the bank of the Bihaṭ (Jhelam). On that -night a great wind blew and a black cloud hid the face of the sky. The -rain was of such violence that old men remembered none such. It turned -to hail, and every hailstone was the size of a hen’s egg. From -the flooding of the river and the force of the wind and rain, the -bridge broke. I, with the inmates of the harem, crossed in a boat. As -there were few boats, I ordered the men not<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3119src" href="#xd24e3119" name="xd24e3119src">10</a> to cross in -these, but to rebuild the bridge. It was finished in a week, and the -whole army crossed with ease. The source of the Bihaṭ is a spring -in Kashmir called the Vīr-nāg; in the language of India a -snake is <i>vīr-nāg</i>. Clearly there had been a large snake -at that place. I went twice to the spring in my father’s -lifetime; it is 20 kos from the city of Kashmir. It is an octagonal -reservoir about 20 yards by 20. Near it are the remains of a place of -worship for recluses; cells cut out of the rock and numerous caves. The -water is exceedingly pure. Although I could not guess its depth, a -grain of poppy-seed is visible until it touches the bottom. There were -many fish to be seen in it. As I had heard that it was unfathomable, I -ordered them to throw in a cord with a stone attached, and when this -cord was measured in <i>gaz</i> it became evident that the depth was -not more than once and a half the height of a man. After my accession I -ordered them to build the sides of the spring round with stone, and -they made a garden round it with a canal; and built halls and houses -about it, and made a place such that travellers over the world can -point out few like it. When the river reaches the village of -Pāmpūr, at a distance of ten kos from the city, it increases, -and all the saffron of Kashmir is obtained in this village. I do not -know if there is so much saffron in any other place in the world. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb93" href="#pb93" name= -"pb93">93</a>]</span>The annual crop is 500 maunds by Hindustan weight, -equal to 5,000 <i>wilāyat</i> (Persian) maunds. In attendance on -my revered father, I went to this place at the season when the saffron -was in flower. On other plants of the world, first the branches (stems) -shoot out and then the leaves and flowers. On the contrary, when the -saffron stem is four fingers breadth from the dry ground, its flowers -shoot out, of the colour of the iris,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3134src" href="#xd24e3134" name="xd24e3134src">11</a> with four -petals, and in the middle are four threads (<i>rīs͟ha</i>) of -an orange colour like that of the flower, and of the length of a -finger-joint. This is the saffron. The land is not ploughed<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e3144src" href="#xd24e3144" name= -"xd24e3144src">12</a> or irrigated, the plant springs up amongst the -clods. In some places its cultivation extends for a kos, and in others -for half a kos. It looks better from a distance. At the time of -plucking, all my attendants got headache from its sharp scent. Though I -drank wine and took a cup, I too got headache. I asked the animal-like -Kashmiris, who were employed in picking the flowers how they felt. I -ascertained that they had never experienced headache in their -lives.</p> -<p class="par">The waters from the spring Vīr-nāg and of -other streams and nullahs that join from right and left form the river -Bihat, which passes through the heart of the city. Its breadth in most -places is not more than a bowshot.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3155src" -href="#xd24e3155" name="xd24e3155src">13</a> No one drinks its water, -because of its heaviness and indigestibility. All the people of Kashmir -drink the water of a lake that is near the city, and is called Dall. -The river Bihat enters this lake and flows through to the Panjab by the -Bārāmūla Pass, Paklī, and Dantūr. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb94" href="#pb94" name="pb94">94</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">In Kashmir there is plenty of water from streams and -springs. By far the best is that of the Lār valley, which joins -the Bihat in the village of S͟hihābu-d-dīn-pūr. -This village is one of the celebrated places of Kashmir, and is on the -Bihat. About a hundred plane-trees (<i>chanār</i>) of graceful -form clustered<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3166src" href="#xd24e3166" -name="xd24e3166src">14</a> together on one plot of ground, pleasant and -green, join each other so as to shade the whole plot, and the whole -surface of the ground is grass and trefoil<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3169src" href="#xd24e3169" name="xd24e3169src">15</a>; so much so -that to lay a carpet on it would be superfluous and in bad taste. The -village was founded by Sult̤ān -Zainu-l-ʿābidīn, who for 52 years ruled Kashmir with -absolute sway. They speak of him as the great Pādshāh. They -tell many strange customs of his. There are many remains and traces of -buildings of his in Kashmir. One of these is in the midst of a lake -called Wulūr, and of which the length and breadth are more than -three or four kos. It is called Zain-lankā, and in making it they -have exerted themselves greatly. The springs of this lake are very -deep. The first time they brought a large quantity of stone in boats -and poured it on the place where now the building stands it had no -result. At last they sank some thousands of boats with stones, and with -great labour recovered a piece of ground 100 gaz by 100 gaz out of the -water, and made a terrace, and on one side thereof the Sultan erected a -temple for the worship of his supreme God. Than this there is no finer -place.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3183src" href="#xd24e3183" name= -"xd24e3183src">16</a> He often came to the spot by boat and engaged in -worship of the King of Wisdom. They say he spent many “forty -days” in that place. One day a wicked son of his came to that -place to kill him, and finding him alone, drew a sword and went in. -When his eye fell on the Sultan, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb95" -href="#pb95" name="pb95">95</a>]</span>however, on account of his -venerable dignity and the might of his virtues, he became confused and -bewildered and turned away. The Sultan shortly after came out and -seated himself in the boat with this same son, and started for the -city. On the way he said to his son, “I have forgotten my rosary; -get into a canoe and fetch it for me.” The son having gone into -the temple sees his father in the same place, and the graceless man -with complete shame of face falls at his father’s feet and asks -pardon for his fault. They have told many tales of such miracles as -this of him, and they say also that he had well practised the science -of <i>k͟halaʿ</i>.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3198src" href= -"#xd24e3198" name="xd24e3198src">17</a> When, from the ways and methods -of his sons, he perceived in them signs of haste in seeking for rule -and government, he would say to them, “To me it is very easy to -abandon rule, and even to pass away from life, but when I am gone you -will do nothing and the time of your prosperity will not endure long, -but in a short time you will obtain the recompense of your evil deeds -and your own dispositions.” Having spoken thus, he gave up eating -and drinking, and passed forty days in this manner. He made not his eye -acquainted with sleep, and employed himself after the manner of men of -piety and austerity in the worship of God Almighty. On the fortieth day -he gave up the deposit of his existence, and entered into the mercy of -God. He left three sons—Ādam K͟hān, -Ḥājī K͟hān, and Bahrām K͟hān. -They quarrelled with each other, and all three were ruined. The -government of Kashmir was transferred to the tribe of the Chaks, who -belonged to the class of the common soldiers of the country. During -their dynasty three of the rulers constructed buildings on three sides -of the terrace formed by Zainu-l-ʿābidīn in the Wulur -Lake, but none of these is as strong as his. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb96" href="#pb96" name="pb96">96</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Autumn and Spring in Kashmir are things worthy to be -seen. I witnessed the Autumn season, and it appeared to me to be better -than what I had heard of it. I have never seen Spring in that province, -but hope to do so some day. On Saturday the 1st of Muḥarram (18th -April, 1607) I left the bank of the Bihat, and with one day between -reached the fort of Rohtās, which was built by S͟hīr -K͟hān Afg͟hān. This fort was founded in a cleft of -the ground, and the strength of it cannot be imagined. As the place is -near the Ghakhar territory, and they are a proud and rebellious people, -he had looked to this fort specially as a means of punishing and -defeating them. When a little of the building had been done -S͟hīr K͟hān died and his son, Salīm -K͟hān, obtained the grace to complete it. On each of the -gates<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3206src" href="#xd24e3206" name= -"xd24e3206src">18</a> they have carved on a stone the cost of erecting -the fort; 16 krors, 10 lakhs of dams, and more were expended, equal in -Hindustan reckoning to 4,025,000 rupees, and according to the currency -of Iran to 120,000 <i>tūman</i>, and in the currency of Turan to 1 -<i>arb</i>, 21 lakhs and 75,000 <i>k͟hānī</i>, that are -now current.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3218src" href="#xd24e3218" -name="xd24e3218src">19</a></p> -<p class="par">On Tuesday the 4th of the month, having travelled four -kos and three-quarters, I encamped at Tīla.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3224src" href="#xd24e3224" name="xd24e3224src">20</a> Thence I -came down to the village of Bhakra. In the Ghakhar <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb97" href="#pb97" name="pb97">97</a>]</span>tongue -<i>bhakra</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e3231src" href="#xd24e3231" -name="xd24e3231src">21</a> is a jungle. The jungle was composed of -clusters of flowers, white and scentless. I came the whole way from -Tīla to Bhakra in the middle of the river-bed,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e3240src" href="#xd24e3240" name="xd24e3240src">22</a> which -had running water in it, with oleander flowers of the colour of -peach-blossom. In Hindustan this plant is always in full bloom -(<i>purbār</i>). There was much of it on the banks of this river. -The horsemen and men on foot who were with me were told to put bunches -of the flower on their heads, and whoever did not do so had his turban -taken off; a wonderful flower-bed was produced.</p> -<p class="par">On Thursday the 6th of the month the halting-place was -at Hatyā. On this road many palās-trees (<i>Butea -frondosa</i>) were in blossom. This flower, too, is peculiar to the -jungles of Hindustan; it has no scent, but its colour is flaming -orange. The base of the flower is black; the flower itself is as big as -a red rose. It is so beautiful that one cannot take one’s eyes -off it. As the air was very sweet and clouds had hidden the sun, and -rain was gently sprinkled about, I felt an inclination to drink wine. -In short this road was traversed with great enjoyment and pleasure. -They call the place Hatyā because it was founded by a Ghakkar -named Hāthi (elephant). From Mārgala to Hatyā the -country is called Pothūwār.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3259src" href="#xd24e3259" name="xd24e3259src">23</a> In these -regions there are few crows. From Rohtās to Hatyā is the -place and abode of the Bhūgyāls,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3262src" href="#xd24e3262" name="xd24e3262src">24</a> who are -related to and of the same ancestry as the Ghakkars.</p> -<p class="par">Marching on Friday the 7th, I travelled 4½ kos -and alighted at the station of Pakka.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3267src" href="#xd24e3267" name="xd24e3267src">25</a> This place -is called <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb98" href="#pb98" name= -"pb98">98</a>]</span>Pakka because the <i>sarāy</i> is of burnt -brick, and in the Hindi language what is ripe (that is, not raw -material) is called <i>pakka</i>. The station was strangely full of -dust and earth. The carts reached it with great difficulty owing to the -badness of the road. They had brought from Kabul to this place -<i>rīwāj</i> (rhubarb), which was mostly spoiled.</p> -<p class="par">On Saturday the 8th we marched 4½ kos and -encamped at the village of Khar.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3283src" -href="#xd24e3283" name="xd24e3283src">26</a> <i>Khar</i> in the Ghakkar -language is a rent and breakage. There are few trees in this country. -On Sunday the 9th I halted beyond Rāwalpindī. This place was -founded by a Hindu named Rāwal, and <i>pindī</i> in the -Ghakkar tongue means a village. In the valley near this station there -was a stream flowing, the waters of which were collected in a pool. As -this halting-place was not devoid of freshness I alighted there for a -time, and I asked the Ghakkars the depth of the pool. They gave me no -precise answer, but said they had heard from their fathers that there -were alligators in the pool which wounded animals that came there, and -on that account no one had the boldness to go in. I ordered them to -throw in a sheep. It swam across the pool and came out. I then ordered -a <i>farrās͟h</i> to go in, and he also came out safe. It -thus became clear that there was no foundation for what the Ghakkars -had said. The pool was an arrow’s flight in width.</p> -<p class="par">On Monday the 10th the village of -K͟harbūza<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3297src" href= -"#xd24e3297" name="xd24e3297src">27</a> was our stage. The Ghakkars in -earlier times had built a dome here and taken tolls from travellers. As -the dome was shaped like a melon it became known by that name. On -Tuesday the 11th I halted at Kāla-pānī, which in Hindi -means black water. There is a mountain pass (<i>kotal</i>) at this -place called Mārgalla; in Hindi <i>mār</i> means <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb99" href="#pb99" name="pb99">99</a>]</span>to beat -and <i>galla</i> is a caravan, the name therefore means the place of -the plundering of the caravan. The boundary of the Ghakkar country is -here. This tribe are wonderfully like animals; they are always -squabbling and fighting with one another. Although I wished to put an -end to this fighting, I was unable to do so.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“The soul of the fool is doomed to -trouble.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3314src" href="#xd24e3314" -name="xd24e3314src">28</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">On Wednesday the 12th the camp was at -Bābā Ḥasan Abdāl. One kos to the east of this -station there is a waterfall over which the stream rushes with great -force. There is no fall like it on the way to Kabul. On the road to -Kashmir there are two or three like it.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3319src" href="#xd24e3319" name="xd24e3319src">29</a></p> -<p class="par">In the middle of the basin, in which is the source of -the stream, Rāja Mān Singh has erected a small building. -There are many fish in the basin of the length of half a gaz and a -quarter gaz. I halted three days at this enchanting place, drinking -wine with those who were intimate with me and employing myself in -catching fish. Until now I had never thrown a <i>sufra</i> net, which -is a famous kind of net, and which in Hindi they call -<i>bhanwar</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e3329src" href="#xd24e3329" -name="xd24e3329src">30</a> <i>jāl</i>. It is not easy to throw. I -threw it with my own hand and caught twelve fish, and putting pearls -into their noses,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3337src" href="#xd24e3337" -name="xd24e3337src">31</a> let them loose in the water. I enquired -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb100" href="#pb100" name= -"pb100">100</a>]</span>into the story of Bābā Ḥasan -from the story-tellers and from the inhabitants of the place, but no -one could tell me any particulars. The celebrated place at that station -is a spring which flows from the foot of a little hill, exceedingly -clear, sweet, and nice, as witness this couplet of Amīr -K͟husrau:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“In the bottom of the water, from its clearness, -a blind man</p> -<p class="line">Can count the sand-grains in the heart of the -night.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">K͟hwāja S͟hamsu-d-dīn -Muḥammad K͟hwāfī, who was for long employed as -Vizier by my revered father, had made a platform and a reservoir there, -into which is led the water from the spring, and thence is used in -cultivation and in gardens. On the edge of this terrace he had built a -dome for his own burial. By chance his destiny was not there, and (the -bodies of) Ḥakīm Abū-l-fatḥ Gīlānī -and his brother Ḥakīm Humām, who were close to the -person and had the complete confidence of my revered father, were -placed in that dome in accordance with his order.</p> -<p class="par">On the 15th the halt was at Amrohī.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e3353src" href="#xd24e3353" name= -"xd24e3353src">32</a> It is a wonderfully green place, in which no ups -and downs were visible. In this village and its neighbourhood there are -7,000 or 8,000 households of Khaturs and Dalāzāks. All kinds -of mischief and oppression and highway robbery take place through this -tribe. I ordered the government of this region and Attock to be given -to Z̤afar K͟hān, son of Zain K͟hān Koka, and -that by the time of the return of the royal standards from Kabul they -should march all the Dalāzāks to Lahore and capture the head -men of the Khaturs and keep them in prison. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb101" href="#pb101" name="pb101">101</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">On Monday, the 17th, a march was made, and, with one -stage in between, the royal standards alighted near the fort of Attock -on the bank of the river Nīlāb (Indus). At this stage -Mahābat K͟hān was promoted to the rank of 2,500. This -fort was built by the late king Akbar, and was completed by the labours -of K͟hwāja S͟hamsu-d-dīn K͟hwāfī. It -is a strong fort. At this time the water of the Nīlāb was -low,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3360src" href="#xd24e3360" name= -"xd24e3360src">33</a> and accordingly a bridge had been made with -eighteen boats, and the people crossed over easily. I left the -Amīru-l-umarā at Attock on account of weakness of body and -illness. An order was given to the bakhshis that, as the province of -Kabul could not support a large army, they should only allow the -immediate attendants of the Court to cross the river, and until the -return of the royal standards the royal camp should remain at Attock. -On Wednesday, the 19th, with the princes and some of the private -servants, having mounted on to a raft (with inflated skins underneath), -and having crossed the river Nīlāb safely, I alighted on the -bank of the river Kāma. The Kāma is a river that flows by the -<i>qaṣba</i> (fortified town) of Jalālābād. The -<i>jāla</i> is a structure they make of bamboos and grass and -place underneath it skins full of air. In this province they call them -<i>s͟hāl</i> (or <i>sāl</i>). In rivers and streams in -which there are rocks they are safer than boats. 12,000 rupees were -given to Mīr S͟harīf Āmulī and to a number of -men, who had been appointed to perform services at Lahore, to divide -amongst the faqirs. An order was given to ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq -Maʿmūrī<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3378src" href= -"#xd24e3378" name="xd24e3378src">34</a> and to Bihārī -Dās, bakhshi of the Ahadis, to complete the force that had been -appointed <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb102" href="#pb102" name= -"pb102">102</a>]</span>to accompany Z̤afar K͟hān and -send them away. With one stage in between, the camp halted at the saray -of Bāra. On the other side of the river Kāma there is a fort -which Zain K͟hān Koka built at the time when he was appointed -to subjugate the Yūsufzaʾe Afghans, and called Naus͟hahr -(Newcastle). About 50,000 rupees were spent upon it. They say that -Humāyūn used to hunt rhinoceros in this region. I also heard -from my father that he had twice or thrice witnessed such a hunt in the -company of his father. On Thursday, the 25th, I alighted at the saray -of Daulatābād. Aḥmad Beg of Kabul, jagirdar of -Peshawar, with the Maliks of the Yūsufzaʾes and the -G͟horiya-khel, came and waited on me. As the service of -Aḥmad Beg was not approved, I transferred him from that territory -(wilāyat) and conferred it on S͟hīr K͟hān, the -Afghan. On Wednesday, the 26th, I encamped in the garden of Sardār -K͟hān, which he had made in the neighbourhood of Peshawar. I -walked round Ghorkhatrī, which is the worshipping-place of the -jogīs in this neighbourhood, with the idea that I might see some -faqirs from association with whom I might obtain grace. But that was -like looking for the phœnix or the philosopher’s stone. A -herd without any religious knowledge came to my view, from seeing whom -I derived nothing but obscurity of mind. On Thursday, the 27th, I -arrived at the halting-place of Jamrūd, and on Friday, 28th, at -the K͟haibar Kotal (Khyber Pass) and encamped at ʿAlī -Masjid, and on Saturday I traversed the tortuous -(<i>mārpīch</i>, i.e. snake-twisting) Pass, and alighted at -G͟harīb-k͟hāna. At this stage Abū-l-qāsim -Namakīn, Jagirdar of Jalālābād, brought an apricot, -which was not inferior in beauty to good Kashmir apricots. At the stage -of Daka they brought from Kabul <i>gīlās</i> (cherries), -which my revered father had entitled -<i>S͟hāh-ālū</i>. As I was much inclined to eat -them, inasmuch as I had not (hitherto?) obtained them, I ate them with -great zest as a relish to wine. On Tuesday, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb103" href="#pb103" name="pb103">103</a>]</span>2nd -Ṣafar, I encamped at Basāwal, which is on the bank of the -river. On the other side of the river there is a mountain which has no -trees or grass on it, and on that account they call this mountain the -hill of Bīdaulat (unfortunate). I heard from my father that in -mountains like this there are mines of gold. On the mountain of -Āla Būghān, at the time when my revered father went to -Kabul, I had had a <i>qamargāh</i> hunt, and killed -several<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3398src" href="#xd24e3398" name= -"xd24e3398src">35</a> red deer. As I had handed over the administration -of all civil affairs to the Amīru-l-umarā, and his illness -increased greatly, and forgetfulness came over his faculties to such an -extent that what was settled in one hour he forgot in the next, and his -forgetfulness was increasing day by day, on Wednesday, the 3rd -Ṣafar, I entrusted the duties of the viziership to -Āṣaf K͟hān, presenting him with a special robe of -honour, and inkstand and a jewelled pen. It was a remarkable -coincidence that twenty-eight years previously to this, at the same -halting-place, my revered father had promoted him<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3407src" href="#xd24e3407" name="xd24e3407src">36</a> to the rank -of Mīr Bak͟hs͟hī (chief paymaster). A ruby which -his brother<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3410src" href="#xd24e3410" name= -"xd24e3410src">37</a> Abū-l-qāsim had bought for 40,000 -rupees and sent him, he presented as an offering on obtaining the -viziership. He petitioned that K͟hwāja -Abū-l-ḥasan, who held the offices of bakhshi and the -<i>Qūr</i>, etc., might go with him. Jalālābād was -transferred from Abū-l-qāsim Namakīn to Arab -K͟hān. A white rock was present in the river-bed; I ordered -them to carve it in the form of an elephant <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb104" href="#pb104" name="pb104">104</a>]</span>and -cut upon its breast this hemistich, which agrees with the date of the -Hijra year: “The white stone elephant of Jahāngīr -Pāds͟hāh,” that is, 1016.</p> -<p class="par">On the same day Kalyān, son of Rāja -Bikramājīt, came from Gujarat. Certain extraordinary -proceedings on the part of this rebellious rascal had been reported to -me. Amongst these was this. He had kept a <span class="corr" id= -"xd24e3426" title="Source: Musulmān">Musulman</span> -<i>lūlī</i> woman in his house, and for fear this affair -should become known had killed her father and mother and buried them in -his house. I ordered that he should be imprisoned until I could enquire -into his proceedings, and after ascertaining the truth I ordered first -that they should cut out his tongue and place him in perpetual -confinement, and that he should eat his food with dog-keepers and -outcasts. On Wednesday I encamped at Surk͟hāb. Thence I -alighted at Jagdalak. At this stage I saw many -<i>ballūt̤</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e3434src" href= -"#xd24e3434" name="xd24e3434src">38</a>-trees (oak or chestnut), which -are the best wood for burning. Although this stage had neither passes -nor declivities there were plenty of rocks. On Friday, the 12th, I -encamped at Āb-i-bārīk, and Saturday, the 13th, at -Yūrt-i-pāds͟hāh. On Sunday, the 14th, I alighted at -K͟hūrd Kābul (little Kabul). At this stage I entrusted -the Chief Justiceship and Qaziship of the city of Kabul to -Qāẓī ʿĀrif, son of Mullā Sādiq -Halwāʾī. They brought some ripe -<i>s͟hāh-ālū</i> (cherries) from the village of -Gulbahār to this place; of these I ate with much enjoyment nearly -a hundred. Daulat, the head of the village of Jigrī<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e3446src" href="#xd24e3446" name= -"xd24e3446src">39</a>(?), brought some uncommon flowers, such as I had -never seen in my life. Thence I alighted at Bikrāmī. At this -place they brought to show me a piebald<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3453src" href="#xd24e3453" name="xd24e3453src">40</a> animal, -like the flying (i.e. jumping) mouse, which in the Hindi tongue they -call <i>galahrī</i> (squirrel), and said that mice would not -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb105" href="#pb105" name= -"pb105">105</a>]</span>frequent any house in which this animal was. On -this account they call this animal the master of mice. As I had never -seen one before, I ordered my painters to draw a likeness of it. It is -larger than a mongoose. On the whole it is very like a civet cat. -Having appointed Aḥmad Beg K͟hān to punish the Afghans -of Bangas͟h, I ordered ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq -Maʿmūrī, who was in Attock, to take 2,000,000 rupees -under the charge of Mohan Dās, son of Rāja -Bikramājīt, with him, and divide it among the auxiliaries of -the aforesaid army. One thousand musketeers were also ordered to -accompany this army.</p> -<p class="par">S͟haik͟h ʿAbdu-r-Raḥmān, son -of S͟haik͟h Abū-l-faẓl, was promoted to the rank -of 2,000 personal and 1,500 horse, and obtained the title of -Afẓal K͟hān. 15,000 rupees were presented to ʿArab -K͟hān, and 20,000 rupees more for the repair of the fort of -Pes͟h Bulāg͟h.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3463src" href= -"#xd24e3463" name="xd24e3463src">41</a> I bestowed Sarkār -K͟hānpūr<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3466src" href= -"#xd24e3466" name="xd24e3466src">42</a> in fief on Dilāwar -K͟hān Afg͟hān. On Thursday, the 17th, from the -Mastān bridge as far as the S͟hahr-ārā garden, -which was the encamping place for the royal standards, scattering -rupees, half-rupees, and quarter-rupees to faqirs and indigent persons -on both sides of the road, I entered the aforesaid garden. It appeared -to be very green and fresh. As it was a Thursday I gave a wine -entertainment to my intimates, and on account of hilarity and -excitement ordered those who were of equal age to myself and had been -my playfellows to jump over the stream that flowed through the middle -of the garden and was about four gaz in width. Most of them could not -jump it, and fell on the bank or into the stream. Although I jumped it, -yet now that I was 40 years of age I could not jump it with the -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb106" href="#pb106" name= -"pb106">106</a>]</span>activity that I had shown in the presence of my -revered father when I was 30. On this day I perambulated seven of the -famous gardens of Kabul. I do not think that I ever walked so far -before.</p> -<p class="par">First of all I walked round the -S͟hahr-ārā (city-adorning), then the Mahtāb -(moonlight) garden, then the garden that Bīka Begam, grandmother -of my father, had made, then passed through the -Ūrta-bāg͟h (middle garden), then a garden that -Maryam-makānī, my own grandmother, had prepared, then the -Ṣūrat-k͟hāna garden, which has a large -<i>chanār</i>-tree, the like of which there is not in the other -gardens of Kabul. Then, having seen the Chārbāg͟h, which -is the largest of the city gardens, I returned to my own abode. There -were abundance of cherries on the trees, each of which looked as it -were a round ruby, hanging like globes on the branches. The -S͟hahr-ārā garden was made by -S͟hahr-bānū<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3478src" href= -"#xd24e3478" name="xd24e3478src">43</a> Begam, daughter of -Mīrzā Abū Saʿīd, who was own aunt to the late -king Bābar. From time to time it has been added to, and there is -not a garden like it for sweetness in Kabul. It has all sorts of fruits -and grapes, and its softness is such that to put one’s -sandalled<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3481src" href="#xd24e3481" name= -"xd24e3481src">44</a> feet on it would be far from propriety or good -manners. In the neighbourhood of this garden an excellent plot of land -came to view, which I ordered to be bought from the owners. I ordered a -stream that flows from the <i>guẕargāh</i> (ferry, also -bleaching green) to be diverted into the middle of the ground so that a -garden might be made such that in beauty and sweetness there should not -be in the inhabited world another like it. I gave it the name of -Jahān-ārā (world-adorning). Whilst I was at Kabul I had -several entertainments in the S͟hahr-ārā garden, -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb107" href="#pb107" name= -"pb107">107</a>]</span>sometimes with my intimates and courtiers and -sometimes with the ladies of the harem. At nights I ordered the learned -and the students of Kabul to hold the cooking entertainment,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e3492src" href="#xd24e3492" name= -"xd24e3492src">45</a> <i>bug͟hra</i>, and the throwing of -bug͟hra, together with <i>arg͟hus͟htak</i> dances.</p> -<p class="par">To each of the band of -<i>Bug͟hrāʾiyān</i> I gave a dress of honour, and -also gave 1,000 rupees to divide amongst themselves. To twelve of the -trustworthy courtiers I ordered 12,000 rupees to be given, to be -bestowed every Thursday, as long as I was in Kabul, on the poor and -needy. I gave an order that between two plane-trees that were on the -canal bank in the middle of the garden—to one of which I had -given the name of Farāḥ-bak͟hs͟h (joy-giver) and -the other Sāya-bak͟hs͟h (shade-giver)—they should -set up a piece of white stone (marble?) one gaz in length and -three-quarters of a gaz in breadth, and engrave my name thereon (and -those of my ancestors) up to Tīmūr. It was set forth on the -other side that I had done away with the whole of the customs dues and -charges of Kabul, and whichever of my <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb108" href="#pb108" name="pb108">108</a>]</span>descendants and -successors should do anything contrary to this would be involved in the -wrath and displeasure of God. Up to the time of my accession these were -fixed and settled, and every year they took large sums on this account -from the servants of God (the Muhammadan people in general). The -abolition of this oppression was brought about during my reign. On this -journey to Kabul complete relief and contentment were brought about in -the circumstances of my subjects and the people of that place. The good -and leading men of G͟haznīn and that neighbourhood were -presented with robes of honour and dealt kindly with, and had their -desires excellently gratified.</p> -<p class="par">It is a strange coincidence that (the words) -<i>rūz-i-panjs͟hanba -hīz͟hdaham-i-Ṣafar</i>,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3522src" href="#xd24e3522" name="xd24e3522src">46</a> Thursday, -18th Ṣafar, which is the date of my entry into Kabul, give the -Hijra date thereof.</p> -<p class="par">I ordered them to inscribe this date on the stone. Near -a seat (<i>tak͟ht</i>) on the slope of a hill to the south of the -city of Kabul, and which is known as Tak͟ht-i-s͟hāh, -they have made a stone terrace where Firdūs-makānī -(Bābar) used to sit and drink wine. In one corner of this rock -they have excavated a round basin which could contain about two -Hindustani maunds of wine. He caused his own blessed name with the date -to be carved on the wall of the terrace which is next to the hill. The -wording is, “The seat of the king, the asylum of the world, -Z̤ahīru-d-dīn Muḥammad Bābar, son of -ʿUmar S͟haik͟h Gūrgān, may God perpetuate his -kingdom, 914 (1508–9).” I also ordered them to cut out of -stone another throne parallel <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb109" -href="#pb109" name="pb109">109</a>]</span>to this, and dig another -basin of the same fashion on its side, and engrave my name there, -together with that of Ṣāḥib-qirānī -(Tīmūr). Every day that I sat on that throne I ordered them -to fill both of the basins with wine and give it to the servants who -were present there. One of the poets of Ghaznin found the date of my -coming to Kabul in this chronogram—“The king of the cities -of the seven climes” (1016). I gave him a dress of honour and a -present, and ordered them to engrave this date on the wall near the -aforesaid seat. Fifty thousand rupees were given to Parwīz; -Wazīr-al-mulk was made Mir Bakhshi. A firman was sent to -Qilīj K͟hān to despatch 170,000 rupees from the Lahore -treasury for expenses of the army at Qandahar. After visiting the -K͟hiyābān (avenue) of Kabul and the Bībī -Māh-rū, I ordered the governor of that city to plant other -trees in the place of those cut down by Ḥusain Beg -Rū-siyāh (the black-faced). I also visited the -Ūlang-yūrt of Chālāk and found it a very pleasant -place. The Ra’is of Chikrī (Jigrī?) shot with an arrow -a <i>rang</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e3553src" href="#xd24e3553" -name="xd24e3553src">47</a> and brought it to me. Up to this time I had -never seen a rang. It is like a mountain goat, and there is a -difference only in its horns. The horns of the rang are bent, and those -of the goat are straight and convoluted.</p> -<p class="par">In connection with the account of Kabul the commentaries -of Bābar<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3558src" href="#xd24e3558" -name="xd24e3558src">48</a> passed in view before me. These were in his -own handwriting, except four sections (<i>juzʾ</i><a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e3563src" href="#xd24e3563" name= -"xd24e3563src">49</a>) that I wrote myself. At the end of the said -sections a sentence was written by me also in the Turkī character, -so that it might be known that these four sections were written by me -in my own hand. Notwithstanding that I grew up in Hindustan, I am not -ignorant of Turkī <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb110" href= -"#pb110" name="pb110">110</a>]</span>speech and writing.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e3571src" href="#xd24e3571" name= -"xd24e3571src">50</a> On the 25th Ṣafar I with the people of the -harem visited the <i>julgāh</i> (plain) of Safīd-sang, a very -bright and enjoyable place. On Friday, the 26th, I enjoyed the blessing -of a pilgrimage to (the tomb of) H.M. Firdūs-makānī -(Bābar). I ordered much money and food, bread, and sweetmeats for -the souls of the departed to be distributed to faqirs. Ruqayya -Sult̤ān Begam, daughter of Mīrzā Hindāl, had -not performed a pilgrimage to her father’s tomb, and on that day -had the honour to do so. On Thursday, 3rd Rabīʿu-l-awwal, I -ordered them to bring my racehorses (<i>āspān-i-dawanda</i>) -to the K͟hiyābān (avenue). The princes and the Amirs -raced them. A bay Arab horse, which ʿĀdil K͟hān, -the ruler of the Deccan, had sent to me, ran better than all the other -horses. At this time the son of Mīrzā Sanjar Hazāra and -the son of Mīrzā Mās͟hī, who were the chief -leaders of the Hazāras, came to wait on me. The Hazāras of -the village of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb111" href="#pb111" name= -"pb111">111</a>]</span>Mīrdād produced before me two -rangs<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3592src" href="#xd24e3592" name= -"xd24e3592src">51</a> that they had killed with arrows. I had never -seen a rang of this size; it was larger by 20 per cent. than a large -<i>mārk͟hūr</i> (?).</p> -<p class="par">News came that S͟hāh Beg K͟hān, the -governor of Qandahar, had reached the parganah of S͟hor,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e3600src" href="#xd24e3600" name= -"xd24e3600src">52</a> which is his jagir. I determined to give Kabul to -him and return to Hindustan. A petition came from Rāja -Bīrsing-deo that he had made a prisoner of his nephew, who had -been creating a disturbance and had killed many of his men. I ordered -him to send him to the fort of Gwalior to be imprisoned there. The -parganah of Gujrāt<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3603src" href= -"#xd24e3603" name="xd24e3603src">53</a> in the Panjab Sarkār I -bestowed on S͟hīr K͟hān, the Afghan. I promoted -Chīn Qilīj, son of Qilīj K͟hān, to the rank of -800 personal and 500 horse. On the 12th I sent for K͟husrau and -ordered them to take the chains off his legs that he might walk in the -S͟hahr-ārā garden. My fatherly affection would not -permit me to exclude him from walking in the aforesaid garden. I -transferred the fort of Attock and that neighbourhood from Aḥmad -Beg to Z̤afar K͟hān. To Taj K͟hān, who was -nominated to beat back the Afghans of Bangas͟h, I gave 50,000 -rupees. On the 14th I gave ʿAlī K͟hān -Kaṛorī,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3609src" href= -"#xd24e3609" name="xd24e3609src">54</a> who was one of my revered -father’s old servants and was the <i>dārog͟ha</i> of -the Naqārak͟hāna (drum-house), the title of Naubat -K͟hān, and promoted him to the rank of 500 personal and 200 -horse. I made Rām Dās <i>ātālīq</i> to -Mahā Singh, grandson of Rāja Mān Singh, who had also -been nominated to drive back the rebels of Bangas͟h. On Friday, -the 18th, the <i>wazn-i-qamarī</i> (the weighing according to the -lunar year) for my 40th year took place. On that day the <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb112" href="#pb112" name= -"pb112">112</a>]</span>assembly was held when two watches of the day -had passed. I gave 10,000 rupees of the money of the weighing to ten of -my confidential servants to divide amongst those who deserved it and -the needy. On this day a petition came from Sardār -K͟hān, governor of Qandahar, by way of Hazāra and -G͟haznīn, in twelve days; its purport was that the ambassador -of S͟hāh ʿAbbās, who had started for the Court, had -entered the Hazāra<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3624src" href= -"#xd24e3624" name="xd24e3624src">55</a> (country). The Shah had written -to his own people: “What seeker of occasion and raiser of strife -has come against Qandahar without my order? Perhaps he does not know -what is our connection with H.M. Sult̤ān Tīmūr, and -especially with Humāyūn and his glorious descendants. If they -by chance should have taken the country into their possession they -should hand it to the friends and servants of my brother -Jahāngīr Pāds͟hāh and return to their own -abodes.” I determined to tell S͟hāh Beg K͟hān -to secure the Ghaznin road in such a way that travellers from Qandahar -might reach Kabul with ease. At the same time I appointed -Qāẓī Nūru-d-dīn to the Ṣadārat of -the province of Malwah and Ujjain. The son of Mīrzā -S͟hādmān Hazāra and grandson of Qarācha -K͟hān, who was one of the influential Amirs of -Humāyūn, waited on me. Qarācha K͟hān had -married a woman from the Hazāra tribe, and this son<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e3627src" href="#xd24e3627" name= -"xd24e3627src">56</a> had been born by her. On Saturday, the 19th, -Rānā S͟hankar, son of Rānā Ūday Singh, -was promoted to the rank of 2,500 personal and 1,000 horse. An order -was given for the rank of 1,000 personal and 600 horse for Rāy -Manohar. The S͟hinwārī Afghans brought a mountain ram -the two horns of which had become one and had become like a -rang’s horns. The same Afghans killed and brought <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb113" href="#pb113" name="pb113">113</a>]</span>a -<i>mārk͟hūr</i> (Erskine translates this ‘a -serpent-eating goat’), the like of which I had never seen or -imagined. I ordered my artists to paint him. He weighed four Hindustani -maunds; the length of his horns was 1½ gaz.<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e3636src" href="#xd24e3636" name="xd24e3636src">57</a> On -Sunday, the 27th, I gave the rank of 1,500 personal and 1,000 horse to -S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, and the -<i>ḥawīlī</i> (district surrounding) of Gwalior was -placed in the jagir of Iʿtibār K͟hān. I appointed -Qāẓī ʿIzzatu-llah with his brothers to the -Bangas͟h duty. At the end of the same day a petition came to me -from Islām K͟hān from Agra, together with a letter which -Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān had written to him from -Bihar. Its purport was that on the 3rd Ṣafar (30th May, 1607), -after the first watch, ʿAlī Qulī Istājlū had -wounded Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān at Bardwan, in the -province of Bengal, and that he had died when two watches of the same -night had passed. The details of this matter are that the aforesaid -ʿAlī Qulī was <i>sufrachī</i> (table servant) to -S͟hāh Ismāʿīl (the 2nd), ruler of Iran; after -his death he took to flight through his natural wickedness and habit of -making mischief, and came to Qandahar, and having met at Multan the -K͟hānk͟hānān, who had been appointed to the -charge of the province of Tulamba,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3648src" -href="#xd24e3648" name="xd24e3648src">58</a> started with him for that -province. The K͟hānk͟hānān in the -field<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3651src" href="#xd24e3651" name= -"xd24e3651src">59</a> placed him among the servants of the late king -(Akbar), and he having performed services in that campaign was promoted -to a rank in accordance with his condition, and was a long time in the -service of my revered father. At the time when he (Akbar) went in -prosperity to the provinces of the Deccan, and I was ordered against -the Rānā, he came and became servant to me. I gave him the -title of S͟hīr-afgan <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb114" -href="#pb114" name="pb114">114</a>]</span>(tiger-throwing). When I came -from Allahabad to wait on my revered father, on account of the -unfriendliness that was shown me, most of my attendants and people were -scattered abroad, and he also at that time chose to leave my service. -After my accession, out of generosity I overlooked his offences, and -gave an order for a jagir for him in the Subah of Bengal. Thence came -news that it was not right to leave such mischievous persons there, and -an order went to Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān to send him to -Court, and if he showed any futile, seditious ideas, to punish him. The -aforesaid K͟hān had reason to know him (his character), and -with the men he had present, immediately the order arrived, went -hastily to Bardwan, which was his jagir. When he -(S͟hīr-afgan) became aware of the arrival of -Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān, he went out to receive him -alone with two grooms. After he arrived and entered into the midst of -his army (his camp) the aforesaid K͟hān surrounded him. When -from this proceeding on the part of Qut̤bu-d-dīn -K͟hān a doubt arose in his mind, he by way of deceiving him -said: “What proceeding is this of thine?”<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e3659src" href="#xd24e3659" name="xd24e3659src">60</a> The -aforesaid K͟hān, keeping back his own men, joined him alone -in order to explain the purport of the order to him. Seeing his -opportunity he immediately drew his sword and inflicted two or three -severe wounds upon him. Amba K͟hān Kas͟hmīrī, -who was descended from the rulers of Kashmir and was connected (by -marriage?) with the aforesaid K͟hān, and had a great regard -for him by way of loyalty and manliness, rushed forward and struck a -heavy blow on ʿAlī Qulī’s head, and that vicious -fellow inflicted a severe wound on Amba K͟hān with the point -of his sword.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3668src" href="#xd24e3668" -name="xd24e3668src">61</a> When they saw Qut̤bu-d-dīn -K͟hān in this <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb115" href= -"#pb115" name="pb115">115</a>]</span>state, his men attacked him -(S͟hīr-afgan), and cut him in pieces and sent him to hell. It -is to be hoped that the place of this black-faced scoundrel will always -be there. Amba K͟hān obtained martyrdom on the spot, and -Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān Koka after four watches attained -the mercy of God in his quarters. What can I write of this -unpleasantness? How grieved and troubled I became! -Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān Koka was to me in the place of a -dear son, a kind brother, and a congenial friend. What can one do with -the decrees of God? Bowing to destiny I adopted an attitude of -resignation. After the departure of the late King and the death of that -honoured one, no two misfortunes had happened to me like the death of -the mother of Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān Koka and his own -martyrdom.</p> -<p class="par">On Friday, the 6th Rabīʿu-l-āk͟hir, -I came to the quarters of K͟hurram (S͟hāh-Jahān), -which had been made in the Ūrta Garden. In truth, the building is -a delightful and well-proportioned one. Whereas it was the rule of my -father to have himself weighed twice every year, (once) according to -the solar and (once according to the) lunar year, and to have the -princes weighed according to the solar year, and moreover in this year, -which was the commencement of my son K͟hurram’s 16th lunar -year, the astrologers and astronomers<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3677src" href="#xd24e3677" name="xd24e3677src">62</a> represented -that a most important epoch according to his horoscope would occur, as -the prince’s health<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3680src" href= -"#xd24e3680" name="xd24e3680src">63</a> had not been good, I gave an -order that they should weigh him according to the prescribed rule, -against gold, silver, and other metals, which should be divided among -faqirs and the needy. The whole of that day was passed in enjoyment and -pleasure in the house of Bābā K͟hurram, and many of his -presents were approved. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb116" href= -"#pb116" name="pb116">116</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">As I had experienced the excellencies of Kabul, and had -eaten most of its fruits, in consequence of important considerations -and the distance from the capital, on Sunday, the 4th -Jumādā-l-awwal, I gave an order that they should send out the -advance camp in the direction of Hindustan. After some days I left the -city, and the royal standards proceeded to the meadow of -Safīd-sang. Although the grapes were not yet fully ripe, I had -often before this eaten Kabul grapes. There are many good sorts of -grapes, especially the Ṣāḥibī and -Kis͟hmis͟hī. The cherry also is a fruit of pleasant -flavour, and one can eat more of it than of other fruits; I have in a -day eaten up to 150 of them. The term -<i>s͟hāh-ālū</i> means -<i>gīlās</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e3691src" href= -"#xd24e3691" name="xd24e3691src">64</a> (cherry), which are obtainable -in most places of the country, but since <i>gīlās</i> is like -<i>gīlās</i>, which is one of the names of the -<i>chalpāsa</i> (lizard), my revered father called it -<i>s͟hāh-ālū</i>. The <i>zard-ālū -paywandī</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e3714src" href="#xd24e3714" -name="xd24e3714src">65</a> is good, and is abundant. There is -especially a tree in the S͟hahr-ārā garden, that -Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥakīm, my uncle, planted, and -is known as the Mīrzāʾī. The apricots of this tree -are quite unlike the apricots of other trees. The peaches also are very -delicious and plentiful. They had brought some peaches from -Istālif. I had them weighed in my presence, and they came exactly -in weight to 25 rupees, which is 68 current <i>mis̤qāl</i>. -Notwithstanding the sweetness of the Kabul fruits, not one of them has, -to my taste, the flavour of the mango. The parganah of Mahāban was -given as jagir to Mahābat K͟hān. -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm, paymaster of the Ahadis, was promoted to -the rank of 700 personal <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb117" href= -"#pb117" name="pb117">117</a>]</span>and 200 horse. Mubārak -K͟hān Sarwānī was appointed to the faujdārship -of the sarkar of Ḥiṣār. I ordered that Mīrzā -Farīdūn Barlās should have a jagir in the Subah of -Allahabad. On the 14th of the aforesaid month I gave Irādat -K͟hān, brother of Āṣaf K͟hān, the rank -of 1,000 personal and 500 horse, and presenting him with a special robe -of honour and a horse, bestowed on him the paymastership of the Subah -of Patna and Ḥājīpūr. As he was my -<i>qūrbegī</i>, I sent by his hand a jewelled sword for my -son (<i>farzand</i>) Islām K͟hān, the governor of the -aforesaid Subah. As we were going along I saw near ʿAlī -Masjid and G͟harīb-k͟hāna a large spider of the -size of a crab that had seized by the throat a snake of one and a half -gaz in length and half strangled it. I delayed a minute to look on at -this, and after a moment it died (the snake).</p> -<p class="par">I heard at Kabul that in the time of Maḥmūd -of Ghazni a person of the name of K͟hwāja -Tābūt<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3743src" href="#xd24e3743" -name="xd24e3743src">66</a> had died in the neighbourhood of -Ẓuḥāk and Bāmiyān, and was buried in a cave, -whose limbs had not yet rotted asunder. This appeared very strange, and -I sent one of my confidential record writers with a surgeon to go to -the cave and, having seen the state of affairs as they were, to make a -special report. He represented that half of the body which was next the -ground had most <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb118" href="#pb118" -name="pb118">118</a>]</span>of it come asunder, and the other half -which had not touched the ground remained in its own condition. The -nails of the hands and feet and the hair of the head had not been shed, -but the hair of the beard and moustache as far as one side of the nose -had been shed. From the date that had been engraved on the door of the -cave it appeared that his death had occurred before the time of -Sult̤ān Maḥmūd. No one knows the exact state of -the case.</p> -<p class="par">On Thursday, the 15th Arslān Bī, governor of -the fort of Kāhmard, who was one of the servants of middle rank -(?) of Walī Muḥammad K͟hān, ruler of -Tūrān, came and waited on me.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3750src" href="#xd24e3750" name="xd24e3750src">67</a> I had -always heard that Mīrzā Ḥusain, son of -S͟hāhruk͟h Mīrzā, had been killed by the -Ūzbegs. At this time a certain person came and presented a -petition in his name, and brought a ruby of the colour of an onion, -which was worth 100 rupees, as an offering. He prayed that an army -might be appointed to assist him, so that he might take Badakhshan out -of the Ūzbegs’ hands. A jewelled dagger-belt was sent him, -and an order given that, as the royal standards had alighted in those -regions, if he really was Mīrzā Ḥusain, son of -Mīrzā S͟hāhruk͟h, he should first hasten into -my presence, so that having examined his petitions and claims I might -send him to Badakhshan. Two hundred thousand rupees were sent for the -army that had been sent with Mahā Singh and Rām Dās -against the rebels of Bangash.</p> -<p class="par">On Thursday, the 22nd, having gone to the Bālā -Ḥiṣār, I inspected the buildings in that place. As the -place was not fit for me I ordered them to destroy these buildings and -to prepare a palace and a royal hall of audience. On the same day they -brought a peach from Istālif, <i>barābar sar-i-buh -bakalānī</i>, “as big as an owl’s <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb119" href="#pb119" name= -"pb119">119</a>]</span>head” (?).<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3760src" href="#xd24e3760" name="xd24e3760src">68</a> I had not -seen a peach of such a size, and ordered it to be weighed, and it came -to 63 Akbarī rupees, or 60 tolas. When I cut it in half its stone -also came into two pieces, and its substance was sweet. I had in Kabul -never eaten better fruit from any tree. On the 25th news came from -Malwa that Mīrzā S͟hāhruk͟h had bid farewell -to this transitory world, and God Almighty had submerged him in His -mercy. From the day on which he entered the service of my revered -father till the time of his departure, from no act of his could dust be -brought into the royal mind. He always did his duty with sincerity. The -aforesaid Mīrzā apparently had four sons: Ḥasan and -Ḥusain were born of the same womb (i.e. they were twins). -Ḥusain fled from Burhanpur and went by sea to Iraq, and thence to -Badakhshan, where they say he now is, as has been written about his -message and his sending some one to me. No one knows for certain -whether it is the same Mīrzā Ḥusain, or the people of -Badakhshan have raised up this one like other false Mīrzās -and given him the name of Mīrzā Ḥusain. From the time -when Mīrzā S͟hāhruk͟h came from Badakhshan and -had the good fortune to wait on my father until now, nearly 25 years -have passed. For some time the people of Badakhshan, on account of the -oppression and injury they have to undergo from the Ūzbegs, have -given notoriety to a Badakhshan boy, who had on his face the marks of -nobility, as really the son of Mīrzā -S͟hāhruk͟h and of the race of Mīrzā -Sulaimān. A large number of the scattered Ūymāqs, and -the hill-people of Badakhshan, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb120" -href="#pb120" name="pb120">120</a>]</span>whom they call G͟harchal -(Georgians?), collected round him, and showing enmity and disputing -with the Ūzbegs, took some of the districts of Badakhshan out of -their possession. The Ūzbegs attacked that false Mīrzā -and captured him, and placing his head on a spear sent it round to the -whole country of Badakhshan. Again the seditious people of Badakhshan -quickly produced another Mīrzā. Up to now several -Mīrzās have been killed. It appears to me that as long as -there is any trace of the people of Badakhshan they will keep up this -disturbance. The third son of the Mīrzā is Mīrzā -Sult̤ān, who excels in appearance and disposition all the -other sons of the Mīrzā. I begged him from his revered -father, and have kept him in my own service, and having taken great -pains with him reckon him as my own child. In disposition and manners -he has no likeness to his brothers. After my accession I gave him the -rank of 2,000 personal and 1,000 horse, and sent him to the Subah of -Malwa, which was his father’s place. The fourth son is -Badīʿu-z-zamān, whom he always had in attendance on -himself; he obtained the rank of 1,000 personal and 500 horse.</p> -<p class="par">While I was at Kabul, no <i>qamargāh</i> hunt had -taken place. As the time for returning to Hindustan had come near, and -I was very desirous of hunting red deer, I ordered them to go forward -as soon as possible and surround the hill Faraq,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3779src" href="#xd24e3779" name="xd24e3779src">69</a> which is -seven kos from Kabul. On Tuesday, the 4th Jumādā-l-awwal, I -went to hunt. Nearly 100 deer had come into the enclosure (qamargah). -About a half of these were taken, and a very hot hunt took place. I -gave 5,000 rupees in rewards to the ryots who were present at the hunt. -On the same day an increase of 500 horse was ordered to the rank of -S͟haik͟h <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb121" href="#pb121" -name="pb121">121</a>]</span>ʿAbdu-r-Raḥmān, son of -S͟haik͟h Abū-l-faẓl, so as to bring it to 2,000 -personal and (2,000) horse. On Thursday, the 6th, I went to the -throne-place of the late king Bābar. As I was to leave Kabul on -the next day I looked on that day as a feast day, and ordered them to -arrange a wine-party on the spot, and fill with wine the little -reservoir they had cut in the rock. Cups were given to all the -courtiers and servants who were present, and few days have passed in -such enjoyment and pleasure. On Friday, the 7th, when a watch of day -had passed, leaving the city auspiciously and with pleasure, a halt was -made at the <i>julgāh</i> (meadow) of the Safīd-sang. From -the S͟hahr-ārā as far as the julgah I scattered to -faqirs and poor people <i>darb</i> and <i>charan</i>, that is, half and -quarter rupees.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3794src" href="#xd24e3794" -name="xd24e3794src">70</a> On that day, when I mounted my elephant for -the purpose of leaving Kabul, the news arrived of the recovery of the -Amīru-l-umarā and S͟hāh Beg K͟hān. The -news of the good health of these two chief servants of mine I took as -an auspicious omen for myself. From the julgah of the Safīd-sang, -marching one kos on Tuesday, the 11th, I halted at Bikrām. I left -Tās͟h Beg K͟hān at Kabul to take proper care of -Kabul and neighbourhood until the coming of S͟hāh Beg -K͟hān. On Tuesday, the 18th, I marched two and a half kos -from the halting-place of Būtk͟hāk by the road -Dūʾāba,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3797src" href= -"#xd24e3797" name="xd24e3797src">71</a> and encamped at a spring on the -bank of which there are four plane-trees. No one till now had looked to -the preparation of this halting-place, and they were ignorant of its -condition and suitability. It is in truth a most excellent spot, and -one fit to have a building erected in it. At this halting-place another -qamargah hunt took place, when about 112 deer, etc., were taken. -Twenty-four rang antelope and 50 red antelope and 16 mountain goats -were <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb122" href="#pb122" name= -"pb122">122</a>]</span>taken. I had never till now seen a rang antelope -alive.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3802src" href="#xd24e3802" name= -"xd24e3802src">72</a> It is in truth a wonderful animal of a beautiful -shape. Although the black buck of Hindustan looks very finely made, the -shape and fashion and appearance of this antelope is quite a different -thing. They weighed a ram and a rang; the ram came to a maund and 33 -seers and the rang to two maunds and 10 seers. The rang, although of -this size, ran so that ten or twelve swift dogs were worn out and -seized it with a hundred thousand difficulties. The flesh of the sheep -of the Barbary goat in flavour does not surpass that of the rang. In -the same village kulangs (demoiselle crane) were also caught.</p> -<p class="par">Although K͟husrau had repeatedly done evil actions -and deserved a thousand kinds of punishment, my fatherly affection did -not permit me to take his life. Although in the laws of government and -the ways of empire one should take notice of such disapproved deeds, I -averted my eyes from his faults, and kept him in excessive comfort and -ease. It became known that he was in the habit of sending men to -scoundrels who did not consider consequences, and of inciting them to -give trouble and attempt my life, and making them hopeful with -promises. A band of these ill-fated ones of little foresight having -joined together, desired to attack me in the hunts that took place in -Kabul and those parts. As the grace and protection of God Almighty are -the guardians and keepers of this sublime dynasty, they did not attain -to their end. On the day when the halt was at the Surk͟hāb, -one of that band went at the risk of his life to K͟hwāja -Waisī, the Dīwān of my son K͟hurram, and revealed -that nearly 500 men at K͟husrau’s instigation had conspired -with Fatḥu-llah, son of Ḥakīm Abū-l-fatḥ, -Nūru-d-dīn, son of G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn -ʿAlī Āṣaf-k͟hān, and S͟harīf, -son of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah (Nūr-Jahān’s -father), and were awaiting an opportunity <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb123" href="#pb123" name="pb123">123</a>]</span>to carry out the -designs of the enemies and evil-wishers of the king. K͟hwāja -Waisī told this to K͟hurram, and he in great perturbation -immediately told me. I gave K͟hurram the blessing of felicity, and -prepared to get hold of the whole set of those short-sighted ones and -punish them with various kinds of punishment. Again, it came to my -mind, as I was on the march, and the seizure of these people would -create a disturbance and confusion in the camp,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3812src" href="#xd24e3812" name="xd24e3812src">73</a> to order -the leaders of the disturbance and mischief to be apprehended. I handed -over Fatḥu-llah in confinement to certain trusty men, and ordered -capital punishment for the other two wretches, with three or four of -the chief among the black-faced (conspirators). I had dignified -Qāsim ʿAlī, who was one of the servants of the late king -Akbar, after my accession with the title of Dayānat -K͟hān. He always accused Fatḥu-llah of a want of -loyalty, and said things about him. One day he said to -Fatḥu-llah: “At the time when K͟husrau fled and the -king pursued him, you said to me: ‘The Panjab should be given to -K͟husrau and this quarrel cut short.’” -Fatḥu-llah denied this, and both resorted to oaths and curses (on -themselves). Ten or fifteen days had not passed after this altercation -when that hypocritical wretch was arrested, and his false oath did its -business.</p> -<p class="par">On Saturday, the 22nd Jumādā-l-awwal, the news -came of the death of the Ḥakīm Jalālu-d-dīn -Muz̤affar Ardistānī, who was of a family of skill and -medicine and claimed to be a descendant of Galen. At all events he was -an unequalled healer. His experience added to his knowledge.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e3820src" href="#xd24e3820" name= -"xd24e3820src">74</a> As he was very handsome and well-made -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb124" href="#pb124" name= -"pb124">124</a>]</span>in the days of his youth -(<i>sāda-rūʾīha</i>)<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3828src" href="#xd24e3828" name="xd24e3828src">75</a> he -frequented the assemblies of S͟hāh T̤ahmāsp, and -the king recited this hemistich about him:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“We have a pleasant physician: come, let as all -be ill.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">Ḥakīm ʿAlī, who was his -contemporary, exceeded him in skill. In short, in medical skill and -auspiciousness and rectitude and purity of method and disposition he -was perfect. Other physicians of the age could not compare with him. In -addition to his medical skill he had many excellencies. He had perfect -loyalty towards me. He built at Lahore a house of great pleasantness -and purity, and repeatedly asked me to honour it (with my presence). As -I was very fond of pleasing him I consented. In short, the aforesaid -Ḥakīm, from his connection with me and being my physician, -had great skill in the management of affairs and business of the world, -so that for some time at Allahabad I made him Diwan of my -establishment. On account of his great honesty he was very exacting in -important business, and people were vexed at this method of proceeding. -For about twenty years he had ulcerated lungs, and by his wisdom -preserved in some measure his health. When he was talking he mostly -coughed so much that his cheek and eyes became red, and by degrees his -colour became blue. I often said to him: “Thou art a learned -physician; why dost thou not cure thy own wounds?” He represented -that wounds in the lungs were not of such a nature that they could be -cured. During his illness one of his confidential servants put poison -into some medicine he was in the habit of taking every day and gave it -to him. When he perceived this he took remedies for it. He objected -very much to be bled, although this was necessary. It happened that he -was going to the privy when his cough overcame him and <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb125" href="#pb125" name= -"pb125">125</a>]</span>opened the wounds in his lungs. So much blood -poured out of his mouth and brain that he became insensible and fell, -and made a fearful cry. An <i>āftābachī</i> -(ewer-bearer) becoming aware of this, came into the assembly-room, and -seeing him smeared with blood cried out: “They have killed the -ḥakīm.” After examining him it was seen that there was -no sign of wounds on his body, and that it was the same wound in the -lungs that had begun to flow. They informed Qilīj K͟hān, -who was the Governor of Lahore, and he, having ascertained the true -state of the affair, buried him. He left no capable son.</p> -<p class="par">On the 24th, between the garden of Wafā and -Nīmlah, a hunt took place, and nearly forty red antelope were -killed. A female panther (<i>yūz</i>) fell into our hands in this -hunt. The zamindars of that place, Lag͟hmānīs, -S͟hālī, and Afghans, came and said that they did not -remember nor had they heard from their fathers that a panther had been -seen in that region for 120 years. A halt was made on the 2nd -Jumādā-l-āk͟hir, at the Wafā Garden, and the -assembly for the solar weighing was held. On the same day Arslān -Bī, an Ūzbeg who was one of the Sardars and nobles of -ʿAbdu-l-Mūmin K͟hān, and was at that time governor -of the fort of Kāhmard, having left his fort, had the blessing of -waiting on me. As he had come from friendship and sincerity, I exalted -him with a special robe of honour. He is a simple Ūzbeg, and is -fit to be educated and honoured. On the 4th of the month an order was -given that ʿIzzat K͟hān, the governor<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e3846src" href="#xd24e3846" name="xd24e3846src">76</a> of -Jalālābād, should make the hunting-ground of the Arzina -plain into a qamargah (ring-hunting ground). Nearly 300 animals were -captured, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb126" href="#pb126" name= -"pb126">126</a>]</span>namely, 35 <i>qūch</i> (rams?), 25 -<i>qūs͟hqī</i> (?), 90 <i>arg͟halī</i> (wild -sheep), 55 <i>tūg͟hlī</i> (yaks?), 95 antelope -(<i>safīda</i>).</p> -<p class="par">As it was the middle of the day when I arrived at the -hunting-place and the air was very hot, the (<i>tāzī</i>) -Arabian dogs had been exhausted.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3872src" -href="#xd24e3872" name="xd24e3872src">77</a> The time for running dogs -is in the morning or at the end of the day. On Saturday, the 12th, the -halt was at Akūra Saray (?). At this stage S͟hāh Beg -K͟hān,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3878src" href="#xd24e3878" -name="xd24e3878src">78</a> with a good force, came and waited on me. He -was one who had been brought up by my father, the late king Akbar. In -himself he is a very brave man and energetic, so much so that -constantly in the time of my father he fought several single combats, -and in my own reign defended the fort of Qandahar from the hosts of the -ruler of Iran. It was besieged for a year before the royal army arrived -to his assistance. His manners towards his soldiers are those of an -Amīr (nobleman, <i>umarāyāna</i>), and not according to -discipline (<i>qudrat</i>), especially towards those who have helped -him in battles or are with him in campaigns. He jokes much with his -servants, and this gives him an undignified appearance.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e3888src" href="#xd24e3888" name= -"xd24e3888src">79</a> I have repeatedly warned him about this, but as -it is in his nature my remonstrances have had no effect.</p> -<p class="par">On Monday, the 14th, I promoted Hās͟him -K͟hān, who is one of the household, born ones of our dynasty, -to <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb127" href="#pb127" name= -"pb127">127</a>]</span>the rank of 3,000 with 2,000 horse, and I made -him governor of the province of Orissa. On the same day news came that -Badīʿu-z-zamān, son of Mīrzā -S͟hāhruk͟h, who was in the province of Malwa, through -folly and youth had started with a body of rebels to go to the province -of the Rānā and join him. ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, -the governor of that place, being informed of this event went after -him, and having made him prisoner on the way, slew several of the -wretches who had joined with him. An order was given that Ihtimām -K͟hān should start from Agra and bring the Mīrzā to -the court. On the 25th of the aforesaid month news came that Imām -Qulī K͟hān, nephew of Walī K͟hān, ruler -of Māwarāʾa-n-nahr, had killed him who was called -Mīrzā Ḥusain, who had been reported to be the son of -Mīrzā S͟hāhruk͟h. In truth, the killing of the -sons of Mīrzā S͟hāhruk͟h is like the killing -of the demons, as they say that from every drop of their blood demons -are produced. In the station of Dhaka, S͟hīr K͟hān, -the Afghan, whom when I left I had placed at Peshawar to guard the -Khaibar Pass, came and waited on me. He had made no default in -preserving and guarding the road. Z̤afar K͟hān, son of -Zain K͟hān Koka, had been appointed to move on the -Dalāzāk Afghans and the tribe of Khatur, who had perpetrated -all kinds of misdeeds in the neighbourhood of Attock and the Beas and -that vicinity. After performing that service and the conquest of those -rebels, who numbered about 100,000 houses, and sending them off towards -Lahore, he came and waited upon me at the same halting-place, and it -was evident that he had performed that service as it ought to have been -done. As the month of Rajab, corresponding with the Ilāhī -month of Ābān, had arrived,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3914src" href="#xd24e3914" name="xd24e3914src">80</a> and it was -known that this <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb128" href="#pb128" -name="pb128">128</a>]</span>was one of the months fixed for the lunar -weighing (<i>wazn-i-qamarī</i>) of my father, I determined that -the value of all the articles which he used to order for his own -weighing in the solar and lunar years should be estimated, and that -what this came to should be sent to the large cities for the repose of -the soul of that enlightened one, and be divided amongst the -necessitous and the faqirs. The total came to 100,000 rupees, equal to -300 Irāq tumāns, and 300,000 of the currency of the people of -Māwarāʾa-n-nahr.</p> -<p class="par">Trustworthy men divided that sum among the twelve chief -cities, such as Agra, Delhi, Lahore, Gujarat (Ahmadabad), etc. On -Thursday, the 3rd Rajab, I favoured with the title of -K͟hān-jahān my son (<i>farzand</i>) Ṣalābat -K͟hān, who is not less to me than my own sons, and ordered -that they should in all firmans and orders write of him as -K͟hān-jahān. A special robe of honour and a jewelled -sword were also given him. Also, having entitled S͟hāh Beg -K͟hān K͟hān-daurān, I presented him with a -jewelled waist-dagger, a male elephant, and a special horse. The whole -of the sarkars of Tīrah, Kabul, Bangash, and the province of -Sawād (Swat) Bajaur, with the (task of) beating back the Afghans -of those regions, and a jagir and the faujdārship were confirmed -to him. He took leave from Bābā Ḥasan Abdāl. I -also ordered Rām Dās Kachhwāha to receive a jagir in -this province and to be enrolled among the auxiliaries of this Subah. I -conferred on Kis͟han Chand, son of the Mota (fat) Rāja, the -rank of 1,000 personal and 500 horse. A firman was written to -Murtaẓā K͟hān (Sayyid Farīd), governor of -Gujarat, that as the good conduct and excellence and abstemiousness of -the son of Miyān Wajīhu-d-dīn<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3928src" href="#xd24e3928" name="xd24e3928src">81</a> had been -reported to me, he should hand over to him from me a sum of money, and -that he should write and send me some of <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb129" href="#pb129" name="pb129">129</a>]</span>the names of God -which had been tested. If the grace of God should be with me I would -continually repeat<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3933src" href= -"#xd24e3933" name="xd24e3933src">82</a> them. Before this I had given -leave to Zafar K͟hān to go to Bābā Ḥasan -Abdāl to collect together game for sport. He had made a -<i>s͟hāk͟hband</i> (literally a tying together of horns -or branches). Twenty-seven red deer and 68 white ones came into the -<i>s͟hāk͟hband</i>. I myself struck with arrows 29 -antelope, and Parwīz and K͟hurram also killed some others -with arrows. Afterwards orders were given to the servants and courtiers -to shoot. K͟hān Jahān was the best shot, and in every -case of his striking an antelope the arrow penetrated through and -through.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e3946src" href="#xd24e3946" name= -"xd24e3946src">83</a> Again, on the 14th of the month of Rajab, Zafar -K͟hān had arranged a qamargah at Rāwalpindī. I -struck with an arrow a red deer at a long distance, and was highly -delighted at the arrow striking him and his falling down. Thirty-four -red deer and 35 <i>qarā-qūyrūg͟h</i> (black-tailed) -antelope, which in the Hindi language they call <i>chikāra</i>, -and two pigs were also killed. On the 21st another qamargah had been -arranged within three kos of the fort of Rohtas by the efforts and -exertions of Hilāl K͟hān. I had taken with me to this -hunt those who were screened by the curtains of honour (the members of -the zanānah). The hunt was a good one and came off with great -<i>éclat</i>. Two hundred red and white antelope were killed. -Passing on from Rohtas, the hills of which contain these antelope, -there are in no place in the whole of Hindustan, with the exception of -Girjhāk and Nandanah, red deer of this description. I ordered them -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb130" href="#pb130" name= -"pb130">130</a>]</span>to catch and keep some of them alive, in order -that possibly some of them might reach Hindustan for breeding purposes. -On the 25th another hunt took place in the neighbourhood of Rohtas. In -this hunt also my sisters and the other ladies were with me, and nearly -100 red deer were killed. It was told me that S͟hams -K͟hān, uncle of Jalāl K͟hān<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e3963src" href="#xd24e3963" name="xd24e3963src">84</a> Gakkhar -who was in that neighbourhood, notwithstanding his great age took much -delight in hunting, such that young men had not so much enjoyment in -it. When I heard that he was well-disposed towards faqirs and dervishes -I went to his house, and his disposition and manners pleased me. I -bestowed on him 2,000 rupees, and the same sum on his wives and -children, with five other villages with large receipts by way of -livelihood for them, that they might pass their days in comfort and -contentment. On the 6th S͟haʿban, at the halting-place of -Chandālah, the Amīru-l-umarā came and waited on me. I -was greatly pleased at obtaining his society again, for all the -physicians, Hindu and Musulman, had made up their minds that he would -die. Almighty God in His grace and mercy granted him the honour of -recovery, in order that it might be known to such as do not recognize -His will that for every difficult ill, which those who look on the -outside of causes only may have given up as hopeless, there is One who -is powerful to provide a cure and remedy out of His own kindness and -compassion. On the same day Rāy Rāy Singh,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e3966src" href="#xd24e3966" name="xd24e3966src">85</a> one of -the most considerable of the Rajput Amirs, ashamed on account of the -fault he had committed in the matter of K͟husrau, and who was -living at his home, came, and under the patronage of the -Amīru-l-umarā obtained the good <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb131" href="#pb131" name="pb131">131</a>]</span>fortune of waiting on -me; his offences were pardoned. At the time that I left Agra in pursuit -of K͟husrau I had in full confidence left him in charge of Agra, -so that when the ladies (<i>maḥalhā</i>)<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e3977src" href="#xd24e3977" name="xd24e3977src">86</a> should -be sent for he might come with them. After the ladies were sent for he -went for two or three stages with them, and in the village of Mathura, -on merely hearing foolish tales, separated from them, and went to his -native place (Bikanir). He thought that as a commotion had arisen he -would see where the right road was. The merciful God, who cherishes His -servants, in a short time having arranged that affair broke the rope of -the alliance of those rebels, and this betrayal of his salt remained a -burden on his neck. In order to please the Amīru-l-umarā I -ordered the rank which he formerly held to be confirmed to him, and his -jagir to remain as it was. I promoted Sulaimān Beg, who was one of -my attendants from the time when I was prince, to the title of -Fidāʾī K͟hān. On Monday, the 12th, a halt was -made at the garden of Dil-āmīz, which is on the bank of the -river Ravi. I waited on my mother in this garden. Mīrzā -G͟hāzī, who had done approved service in command of the -army at Qandahar, waited on me, and I bestowed great favour on him.</p> -<p class="par">On Tuesday, the 13th, I auspiciously entered Lahore. The -next day Mīr K͟halīlu-llah, son of -G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn Muḥammad, -Mīrmīrān, who was of the descendants of S͟hāh -Niʿmatu-llah Walī, paid his respects.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3982src" href="#xd24e3982" name="xd24e3982src">87</a> In the -reign of S͟hāh T̤ahmāsp there was no family of such -greatness in the whole country, for the sister of the Shah, by name -Jānish Begam, was in the house of (married to) Mīr -Niʿmatu-llah, the father of the Mīrmīrān. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb132" href="#pb132" name= -"pb132">132</a>]</span>A daughter who was born to them, the Shah gave -in marriage to his own son Ismaʿīl Mīrzā, and -making the sons of that Mīrmīrān sons-in-law, gave his -younger daughter to his eldest son, who had the same name as his -grandfather, and connected (in marriage) the daughter of -Ismaʿīl Mīrzā, who was born of the niece of the -Shah, to another son, Mīr K͟halīlu-llah. After the death -of the Shah, by degrees the family went to decay, until in the reign of -S͟hāh ʿAbbās they became all at once extirpated, -and they lost the property and effects that they had and could no -longer remain in their own place. Mīr K͟halīlu-llah came -to wait upon me. As he had undergone trouble on the road, and the signs -of sincerity were apparent from his circumstances, having made him a -sharer of my unstinted favours I gave him 12,000 rupees in cash, and -promoted him to the rank of 1,000 personal and 200 horse, and gave an -order for a jagir.</p> -<p class="par">An order was given to the civil department -(<i>dīwāniyān</i>) to confer the rank of 8,000 personal -and 5,000 horse on my son K͟hurram, and to provide a jagir for him -in the neighbourhood of Ujjain, and to assign the Sarkar of -Ḥiṣār Fīrūza to him. On Thursday, the 22nd, -on the invitation of Āṣaf K͟hān, I went with my -ladies to his house and passed the night there. The next day he -presented before me his own offerings, of the value of ten lacs of -rupees, in jewels and jewelled things, robes, elephants, and horses. -Some single rubies and jacinths and some pearls, also silk cloths with -some pieces of porcelain from China and Tartary, were accepted, and I -made a present of the rest to him. Murtaẓā K͟hān -from Gujarat sent by way of offering a ring made of a single ruby of -good colour, substance, and water, the stone, the socket, and the ring -being all of one piece. They weighed 1½ tanks and one surkh, -which is equal to one misqal and 15 surkh. This was sent to me and much -approved. Till that day no one had ever heard of <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb133" href="#pb133" name="pb133">133</a>]</span>such -a ring having come to the hands of any sovereign. A single ruby -weighing six surkhs or two tanks and 15 surkhs,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3994src" href="#xd24e3994" name="xd24e3994src">88</a> and of -which the value was stated to be £25,000, was also sent. The ring -was valued at the same figure.</p> -<p class="par">On the same day the envoy of the Sharif of Mecca came to -wait on me with a letter and the curtain of the door of the -Kaʿbah. He showed great friendship towards me. The said envoy had -bestowed on him 500,000 <i>dām</i>, equal to 7,000 or 8,000 -rupees, and I resolved to send the Sharif the equivalent of 100,000 -rupees of the precious things of Hindustan. On Thursday, the 10th of -the month, a piece of the Subah of Multan was added to the jagir of -Mīrzā G͟hāzī, though the whole of the province -of Thattah had been given to him in jagir. He was also promoted to the -rank of 5,000 personalty and 5,000 horse. The government of Qandahar -and the protection of that region, which is the frontier of Hindustan, -were assigned to his excellent administration. Conferring on him a robe -of honour and a jewelled sword I gave him his leave. In fine, -Mīrzā G͟hāzī possessed perfection,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4030src" href="#xd24e4030" name= -"xd24e4030src">89</a> and he made also good verses. He used -Waqārī as his <i>tak͟halluṣ</i>, or poetic name -(Rūz-i-rūshan, Bhopal 1297, p. 455; also -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, vol. iii, p. 347). This is one -of his couplets:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“If my weeping should cause her to smile, what -wonder?</p> -<p class="line">Though the cloud weep, the cheek of the rose-bush -smiles.”</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb134" href="#pb134" name= -"pb134">134</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">On the 15th the offering of the Khankhanan was presented -to me: 40 elephants, some jewelled and decorated vessels, some Persian -robes, and cloth that they make in the Deccan and those parts, had been -sent by him, altogether of the value of 150,000 rupees. Mīrzā -Rustam and most of the office-holders of that Subah had also sent good -offerings. Some of the elephants were approved. News of the death of -Rāy Durgā,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4044src" href= -"#xd24e4044" name="xd24e4044src">90</a> who was one of those who had -been brought up by my revered father, arrived on the 18th of the month. -He had been in attendance for forty years and more in the position of -an Amīr on my revered father, until, by degrees, he had risen in -rank to 4,000. Before he obtained the good fortune of waiting on my -father he was one of the trusted servants of Rānā Ūday -Singh. He died on the 29th. He was a good military man. -Sult̤ān S͟hāh, the Afghan, whose disposition was -turbulent and mischievous, passed his time in the service of -K͟husrau, and had his complete intimacy, so much so that this -rebel was the cause of the running away of that unfortunate one. After -the defeat and capture of K͟husrau he went off alone(?)<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4047src" href="#xd24e4047" name= -"xd24e4047src">91</a> into the skirts of the hills of -K͟hiẓrābād and that region. At last he was made -prisoner by Mīr Mug͟hal, the <i>karorī</i> of that -place. As he had been the cause of the destruction and ruin of such a -son, I ordered them to shoot him with arrows on the plain of Lahore. -The aforesaid <span class="corr" id="xd24e4058" title= -"Source: karori">karorī</span> was promoted to higher rank, and -was dignified with a grand dress of honour. On the 29th S͟hīr -K͟hān, the Afghan, who was one of my old servants, died. One -might say that he took his own life, because he was continually -drinking wine, to the extent that in every watch he used to drink four -brimming cups of arrack of double strength. He had broken the fast of -the Ramaẓān of the past year, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb135" href="#pb135" name="pb135">135</a>]</span>and took it into his -head this year that he would fast in the month of Shaʿbān on -account of his having broken the fast of Ramaẓān, and would -fast for two months together. In abandoning his usual custom, which is -a second nature, he became weak and his appetite left him, and becoming -very weak he passed away in his 57th year. Patronising his children and -brothers according to their circumstances, I bestowed on them a portion -of his rank and jagir.</p> -<p class="par">On the 1st of the month of S͟hawwāl I went to -visit Maulānā Muḥammad Amīn, who was one of the -disciples of S͟haik͟h Maḥmūd Kamāngar (the -bow-maker). The S͟haik͟h Maḥmūd<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e4065src" href="#xd24e4065" name="xd24e4065src">92</a> -mentioned was one of the great men of his age, and H.M. -Humāyūn had entire reliance on him, so much so that he once -poured water on his hands. The aforesaid Maulānā is a man of -good disposition, and is free, notwithstanding the attachments and -accidents (of the world), a faqir in manner and ways, and acquainted -with brokenness of spirit. His company pleased me exceedingly. I -explained to him some of the griefs that had entangled themselves in my -mind and heard from him good advice and agreeable words, and found -myself greatly consoled at heart. Having presented him with 1,000 -<i>bīghā</i> and 1,000 rupees in cash by way of maintenance, -I took leave. One watch of day had passed on Sunday when I left Lahore -on my way to the capital of Agra. Having made Qilīj -K͟hān governor, Mīr Qawāmu-d-dīn diwan, -S͟haik͟h Yūsuf bakhshi, and Jamālu-d-dīn -kotwal, and presented each according to his circumstances with dresses -of honour, I turned towards my desired way. On the 25th, having passed -over the river at Sult̤anpūr, I proceeded two kos and halted -at Nakodar. My revered father had given <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb136" href="#pb136" name="pb136">136</a>]</span>S͟haik͟h -Abū-l-faẓl<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4073src" href= -"#xd24e4073" name="xd24e4073src">93</a> gold of the weight of 20,000 -rupees to build an embankment between these two parganahs and prepare a -waterfall, and in truth I found a halting-place exceedingly pleasant -and fresh. I ordered Muʿizzu-l-mulk, the jagirdar of Nakodar, to -erect a building and prepare a garden on one side of this embankment, -so that wayfarers seeing it might be pleased. On Saturday, 10th -Ẕī-l-qaʿda, Wazīru-l-mulk, who before my ascension -had the good fortune to serve me, and was Diwan of my establishment, -died of diarrhœa. At the end of his life a son of evil fortune -(lit footsteps) had been born in his house, who in the space of forty -days ruined<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4076src" href="#xd24e4076" name= -"xd24e4076src">94</a> (Erskine has ‘ate’) both his father -and mother, and who himself died when he was two or three years old. It -occurred to me that the house of Wazīru-l-mulk must not all at -once be ruined, and patronising Manṣūr, his brother’s -son, I gave him rank. Indeed,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4088src" href= -"#xd24e4088" name="xd24e4088src">95</a> he showed no love to me (the -scent of love did not come from him). On Monday, the 14th, I heard on -the road that between Panipat and Karnal there were two tigers that -were giving much trouble to wayfarers. I collected the elephants and -sent them off. When I arrived at their (the tigers’) place I -mounted a female elephant, and ordered them to place the elephants -round them after the manner of a qamargah (enclosure), and by the -favour of Allah killed both with a gun, and thus got rid of the raging -tigers that had closed the road to the servants of God. On Thursday, -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb137" href="#pb137" name= -"pb137">137</a>]</span>the 18th,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4093src" -href="#xd24e4093" name="xd24e4093src">96</a> I halted at Delhi and -alighted at the residence which Salīm K͟hān, the Afghan, -had made in the days of his rule in the middle of the river Jumna and -called Salīmgaḍh. My revered father had given the place to -Murtaẓā K͟hān, who was originally an inhabitant of -Delhi. The aforesaid K͟hān had built on the margin of the -river a terrace of stone excessively pleasant and bright. Below that -building<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4096src" href="#xd24e4096" name= -"xd24e4096src">97</a> near the water there was made a square -<i>chaukandī</i> with glazed tiles by the order of H.M. -Humāyūn, and there are few places with such air. In the days -when the late king Humāyūn honoured Delhi with his presence, -he often sat there with his intimates, and associated with the members -of his assemblies. I passed four days in that place, and with my -courtiers and intimates enjoyed myself with wine parties. -Muʿaz̤z̤am K͟hān, who was governor of Delhi, -presented offerings. The jagirdars and citizens also made offerings and -presents, each according to his circumstances. I was desirous to employ -some days in a qamargah hunt in the parganah of Pālam, which is -one of the places near the aforesaid city and one of the fixed -hunting-grounds. As it was represented to me that the (fortunate) hour -for approaching Agra had come very near, and another proper hour was -not to be obtained at all near that time, I gave up the intention, and -embarking on board a boat went on by water. On the 20th of the month of -Ẕī-l-qaʿda four boys and three girls, children of -Mīrzā S͟hāhruk͟h, whom he had not mentioned to -my father, were brought. I placed the boys among my confidential -servants, and made over the girls to the attendants of the ladies of -the harem in order that they might look after them. On the 21st of the -same month Rājā Mān Singh came and waited on me -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb138" href="#pb138" name= -"pb138">138</a>]</span>from the fort of Rohtas, which is in the -province of Patna and Behar, after orders had been sent to him six or -seven times. He also, like K͟hān Aʿz̤am, is one of -the hypocrites and old wolves of this State. What they have done to me, -and what has happened to them from me, God the knower of secrets knows; -possibly no one could mention such another case(?). The aforesaid Raja -produced as offerings 100 elephants, male and female, not one of which -was fit to be included among my private elephants. As he was one of -those who had been favoured by my father, I did not parade his offences -before his face, but with royal condescension promoted him.</p> -<p class="par">On this day they brought a talking <i>jal</i> (lark) -which distinctly said “Miyān -T̤ūt̤ī.” It was very strange and wonderful. -In Turki they call this bird <i>turghai</i>.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4115src" href="#xd24e4115" name="xd24e4115src">98</a></p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3040" href="#xd24e3040src" name="xd24e3040">1</a></span> The MSS. -have the 6th stage instead of “last.<span class="corr" id= -"xd24e3042" title="Not in source">”</span> <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e3040src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3057" href="#xd24e3057src" name="xd24e3057">2</a></span> This is -the famous K͟hān Jahān Lodī of S͟hāh -Jahān’s reign. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3057src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3065" href="#xd24e3065src" name="xd24e3065">3</a></span> Text, -<i>ba dastūr</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3065src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3075" href="#xd24e3075src" name="xd24e3075">4</a></span> I.e. -built him up in it. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3075src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3080" href="#xd24e3080src" name="xd24e3080">5</a></span> -Jahāngīr did not like the -K͟hānk͟hānān, and so here belittles his -services. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3080src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3085" href="#xd24e3085src" name="xd24e3085">6</a></span> During -S͟hāh Jahān’s reign, K͟hān Jahān -Lodī fled from Court, was pursued, and killed. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e3085src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3095" href="#xd24e3095src" name="xd24e3095">7</a></span> Perhaps -the antelope’s name was Rāj, and the syllable <i>man</i> the -pronoun ‘my,’ when the translation would be ‘my -antelope Raj.’ See Elliot, vi, 302, and R.A.S. MS., No. -124. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3095src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3108" href="#xd24e3108src" name="xd24e3108">8</a></span> Perhaps -the Jandiāla of the Indian Gazetteer, vii, 137. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e3108src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3111" href="#xd24e3111src" name="xd24e3111">9</a></span> Indian -Gazetteer, v, 239. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3111src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3119" href="#xd24e3119src" name="xd24e3119">10</a></span> Text -omits the negative. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3119src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3134" href="#xd24e3134src" name="xd24e3134">11</a></span> Text, -<i>sūsanī</i>; apparently a blue iris. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e3134src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3144" href="#xd24e3144src" name="xd24e3144">12</a></span> The -text has <i>s͟humār</i> wrongly for <i>s͟hiyār</i>, -and it seems that the negative of the text is wrong, since it does not -occur in the MSS. Abū-l-faẓl gives the number of petals and -stamens more correctly than Jahāngīr. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e3144src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3155" href="#xd24e3155src" name="xd24e3155">13</a></span> <i>Az -tikka andāzī</i>; perhaps ‘the cast of a -javelin.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3155src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3166" href="#xd24e3166src" name="xd24e3166">14</a></span> Lit. -‘have joined hands.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3166src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3169" href="#xd24e3169src" name="xd24e3169">15</a></span> -<i>Sih-barga</i>; but this reading seems doubtful; perhaps it is -<i>sīr-i-barga</i>, full of leaves. Jahāngīr says that -to lay a carpet on the grass would be <i>bī-dardī</i>, -unfeeling, unsympathetic, and <i>kam -salīqagī</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3169src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3183" href="#xd24e3183src" name="xd24e3183">16</a></span> The -text has <i>naqs͟h bar jāy</i>, but the true reading seems to -be <i>nafīẓtar</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3183src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3198" href="#xd24e3198src" name="xd24e3198">17</a></span> -<i>ʿIlm-i-k͟halaʿ-i-badan</i>, ‘withdrawal of the -soul from the body’ (Erskine). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3198src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3206" href="#xd24e3206src" name="xd24e3206">18</a></span> So in -text, but the MSS. and Elliot, vi, 307, have “on one of the -gates.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3206src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3218" href="#xd24e3218src" name="xd24e3218">19</a></span> The -figures seem wrong, and the MSS. differ. See Elliot, vi, 307. -Apparently the correct sum in rupees is 34 lakhs 25,000. At p. 61 the -khani of Turan is reckoned at one-third of a rupee. If the dam be taken -at its ordinary value of one-fortieth of a rupee, the number of rupees -should be 40 lakhs 25,000, and if the khani of Turan be one-third of a -rupee we should read one kror instead of one arb. Probably -Jahāngīr has used arb as meaning kror, and not 100 krors. -There is a valuable note on his expedition through the Ghakkar country -in Blochmann, p. 486. Blochmann takes the figures for the rupees to be -four krors, but probably this is due to wrong pointing. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e3218src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3224" href="#xd24e3224src" name="xd24e3224">20</a></span> The -MSS. and text have Pila or Pīla. I adopt Tīla from Blochmann, -p. 487, note. Elliot has Tillah, vi, 307, and note. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e3224src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3231" href="#xd24e3231src" name="xd24e3231">21</a></span> In -Tolbort’s account of Lūdhiyāna, J.A.S.B. for 1869, p. -86, <i>bhakhra</i> is given as the name of a creeping plant -(<i>Pedalium murex</i>). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3231src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3240" href="#xd24e3240src" name="xd24e3240">22</a></span> -<i>Rūd-k͟hāna</i>; this, according to Blochmann, should -be the river Kahan, <i>k͟hāna</i> being a mistake for Kahan. -See p. 487 note. But all the MSS. have -<i>k͟hāna</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3240src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3259" href="#xd24e3259src" name="xd24e3259">23</a></span> See -Elliot, vi, 309 note. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3259src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3262" href="#xd24e3262src" name="xd24e3262">24</a></span> -Būgyāls; Elliot, vi, 309. They are descendants of Sultān -Būgā. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3262src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3267" href="#xd24e3267src" name="xd24e3267">25</a></span> Paka is -mentioned in Tiefenthaler, i, 114. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3267src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3283" href="#xd24e3283src" name="xd24e3283">26</a></span> Khor; -Elliot, vi, 309 note. Near the Mānikyāla tope. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e3283src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3297" href="#xd24e3297src" name="xd24e3297">27</a></span> -K͟harbūza Sarāy is marked on Elphinstone’s -map. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3297src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3314" href="#xd24e3314src" name="xd24e3314">28</a></span> Mr. -Rogers has “The soul of the fool thou canst purchase for -little.” Perhaps the sense is “God grants life to the fool -on hard terms.” Erskine has “To serve a fool is hard -indeed.” Possibly the literal meaning is “You buy the soul -of the fool at a high price,” that is, it costs a great deal to -win him over. Elliot had what is probably the best rendering, -“Barbarous characters should be treated with severity”; -though in Elliot, vi, 310, the translation is, “The life of fools -is held very cheap in troublous times.” <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e3314src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3319" href="#xd24e3319src" name="xd24e3319">29</a></span> -Apparently this remark must have been written after -Jahāngīr’s visit to Kashmir by the Bāramūla -route in the fourteenth year. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3319src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3329" href="#xd24e3329src" name="xd24e3329">30</a></span> -<i>Bhanwar</i>, as Mr. Lowe has pointed out, means in Hindi an eddy or -whirlpool. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3329src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3337" href="#xd24e3337src" name="xd24e3337">31</a></span> William -Finch says that at Ḥasan Abdāl there were many fish with -gold rings in their noses hung by Akbar, and that the water is so clear -that you may see a penny in the bottom. Jahāngīr’s -informants were apparently not versed in hagiography. Bābā -Ḥasan Abdāl is apparently the saint who was an ancestor of -Maʿṣūm Bhakarī, and is buried at Qandahar. See -Beale, and Jarrett’s translation of the Āyīn, ii, 324 -note. The Sikhs identify the place with their Bābā -Nānak. It is not a wife of Akbar who is buried at Ḥasan -Abdāl, but Ḥakīm Abū-l-fatḥ and his -brother. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3337src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3353" href="#xd24e3353src" name="xd24e3353">32</a></span> Elliot -has Amardī, but the MSS. have Amrohī. The -Maʾās̤ir, ii, 755, has Āhrūʾī. See -Blochmann, p. 522. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3353src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3360" href="#xd24e3360src" name="xd24e3360">33</a></span> <i>Az -t̤ag͟hyān farūd āmada.</i> Perhaps the meaning -is exactly the opposite, viz. ‘had come down in violence.’ -But if so, could a bridge have been made, and with eighteen boats? The -time was the 4th or 5th May. Elliot has “the Nīlāb was -very full.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3360src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3378" href="#xd24e3378src" name="xd24e3378">34</a></span> -According to the Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, iii, 376, -Maʿmūr is a village in Arabia. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3378src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3398" href="#xd24e3398src" name="xd24e3398">35</a></span> The -MSS. have <i>ṣad</i> instead of <i>chand</i>, i.e. -100. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3398src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3407" href="#xd24e3407src" name="xd24e3407">36</a></span> This -Āṣaf K͟hān is Qawāmu-d-dīn Jaʿfar -Beg and the No. iii of Blochmann, p. 411. Apparently his appointment as -Mir Bakhshi was made in 989 (1581), in which year Akbar went to Kabul. -Blochmann says Āṣaf K͟hān was made Mir Bakhshi in -the room of Qāẓī ʿAlī, and we find at p. 372 -of A. N., iii, that Qāẓī ʿAlī -Bak͟hs͟hī was appointed in that year to the Panjab. -Twenty-eight years before 1016 (to the beginning of which -Jahāngīr is referring) yields 988. Basāwal is on right -bank of Kabul River below Jalālābād. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e3407src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3410" href="#xd24e3410src" name="xd24e3410">37</a></span> Text -<i>baulī</i>, but the MSS. have <i>lūlī</i>, i.e. -dancing-girl. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3410src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3434" href="#xd24e3434src" name="xd24e3434">38</a></span> -Generally spelt <i>ballūt̤</i>, either the oak or the -chestnut. Cf. Erskine’s Baber, p. 145. Sir Alexander Burnes calls -the <i>ballūt̤</i> the holly. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3434src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3446" href="#xd24e3446src" name="xd24e3446">39</a></span> See -below, p. 52, where the <i>Raʾīs</i> or headman of -Chikrī is mentioned. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3446src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3453" href="#xd24e3453src" name="xd24e3453">40</a></span> Cf. -Erskine’s Baber, p. 145. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3453src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3463" href="#xd24e3463src" name="xd24e3463">41</a></span> The -fort of Pes͟h Bulāq is mentioned in the third volume of the -Akbar-nāma, p. 512. It is marked on the map of Afghanistan between -Daka and Jalālābād. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3463src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3466" href="#xd24e3466src" name="xd24e3466">42</a></span> -<i>Sic</i> in text, but should be Jaunpūr as in the -MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3466src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3478" href="#xd24e3478src" name="xd24e3478">43</a></span> There -was also a S͟hahr-bānū who was Bābar’s -sister. Bīka Begam was Bābar’s widow and the lady who -carried his bones to Kabul. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3478src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3481" href="#xd24e3481src" name="xd24e3481">44</a></span> -<i>Bakafs͟h-pāy</i>, which Erskine renders ‘with -slippers on’ and Elliot ‘with his shoes -on.’ <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3481src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3492" href="#xd24e3492src" name="xd24e3492">45</a></span> -Bāyazīd Biyāt describes Humāyūn as holding a -cooking festival in Badak͟hs͟hān. See A.N., i, -translation, p. 496, n. 2. They cooked <i>bug͟hra</i>, which -appears to be macaroni. The text wrongly has <i>raqẓ az -ʿis͟hq</i> (love-dances). The real word, as the MSS. show, is -<i>arg͟hus͟htaq</i>, which is a kind of dance (not a -child’s game as in Johnson). It is described in Vullers, s.v., in -accordance with the account in the Burhān-i-qāt̤iʿ. -It is a dance by girls or young men, and is accompanied with singing -and with clapping of hands, etc. Probably it is the dance described by -Elphinstone in his account of Kabul, i, 311, where he says: “The -great delight of all the western Afghans is to dance the Attun or -Ghoomboor. From ten to twenty men or women stand up in a circle (in -summer before their houses and tents, and in winter round a fire); a -person stands within the circle to sing and play on some instrument. -The dancers go through a number of attitudes and figures; shouting, -clapping their hands, and snapping their fingers. Every now and then -they join hands, and move slow or fast according to the music, all -joining in chorus. When I was showed this, a love-song was sung to an -extremely pretty tune, very simple, and not unlike a Scottish -air.” Erskine’s translation is: “Custards and -confections were presented, and the amusements of dancing girls and -arghustak were introduced.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3492src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3522" href="#xd24e3522src" name="xd24e3522">46</a></span> The -words seem to me to yield 1066, but if we read <i>pajs͟hanba</i> -instead of <i>panjs͟hanba</i> we get 1016, which is the Hijra date -of Jahāngīr’s entry into Kabul and corresponds to 4th -June, 1607. A marginal note on I.O.M. 305 makes the chronogram clear by -writing <i>rūz-i-panchanba hiz͟hdah-i-Ṣafar</i>, -thereby getting rid of the <i>mīm</i> and the <i>yā</i> of -<i>hīz͟hdaham</i> and bringing out the figures -1016. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3522src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3553" href="#xd24e3553src" name="xd24e3553">47</a></span> -Evidently a kind of sheep. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3553src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3558" href="#xd24e3558src" name="xd24e3558">48</a></span> This is -a reference to Bābar’s Memoirs. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e3558src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3563" href="#xd24e3563src" name="xd24e3563">49</a></span> A -<i>juzʾ</i> is said to consist of eight leaves or sixteen pages. -Does Jahāngīr mean that he wrote sixty-four -pages? <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3563src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3571" href="#xd24e3571src" name="xd24e3571">50</a></span> -Probably the sections which Jahāngīr wrote were those printed -in the Ilminsky edition and which bring the narrative down to -Bābar’s death. They seem to have been in great measure -copied from the Akbar-nāma. Jahāngīr does not say if he -wrote them when he was in Kabul or previously. According to Blochmann, -J.A.S.B. for 1869, p. 134, one <i>juzʾ</i> = two sheets of paper. -The passage is translated in Elliot, vi, 315. Though Jahāngīr -does not say when he wrote the four sections, I think that his language -implies that these additions were in the manuscript when he was looking -at it in Kabul. Perhaps he made them when he was a student in India, -and for the sake of practice in Turkī. He may have translated the -sections from the Akbar-nāma. All, I think, he did in Kabul was to -put the Turkī note, stating that the sections were his. But -possibly even this was done before. Elliot, vi, 315, has the words -“to complete the work,” but these words do not occur in the -MSS. that I have seen. The translation in Elliot, seems to represent -Jahāngīr’s words as meaning that the work was complete, -but that the four sections were not, like the rest, in -Bābar’s handwriting, and so Jahāngīr re-copied -them. But it does not appear that there could be any object in his -doing this. There is a valuable article in the <span lang= -"de">Zeitschrift d. Deutschen Morgenl. Gesellsch.</span> for 1883, p. -141, by Dr. Teufel, entitled “<span lang="de">Bâbur und -Abû’l-faẓl</span>,” in which the fragments in -Ilminsky are discussed. But the passage in the -Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī is not referred -to. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3571src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3592" href="#xd24e3592src" name="xd24e3592">51</a></span> The -text mentions a horse, but the MSS. have not this, and it seems to be a -mistake. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3592src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3600" href="#xd24e3600src" name="xd24e3600">52</a></span> -Apparently the Shorkot of I.G., xii, 424. In the Rechnau Dūāb -(Jarrett, ii, 321). It is north of Multan and in the Jhang -district. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3600src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3603" href="#xd24e3603src" name="xd24e3603">53</a></span> -I.G.<span class="corr" id="xd24e3605" title="Not in source">,</span> v, -188. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3603src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3609" href="#xd24e3609src" name="xd24e3609">54</a></span> Perhaps -the ʿAlī Dūst K͟hān of Blochmann, p. -533. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3609src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3624" href="#xd24e3624src" name="xd24e3624">55</a></span> The -MSS. have Herat, and this is probably correct. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e3624src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3627" href="#xd24e3627src" name="xd24e3627">56</a></span> That -is, apparently, Mīrzā S͟hādmān, but perhaps -the meaning is that Qarācha had sought a wife for his son among -the Hazāras, and not that he had himself married an Hazāra -woman. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3627src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3636" href="#xd24e3636src" name="xd24e3636">57</a></span> The -MSS. have “less than 1½ gaz by ⅛ -(<i>nīm-pāo</i>).” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3636src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3648" href="#xd24e3648src" name="xd24e3648">58</a></span> Should, -I think, be Tattah, i.e. Sind. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3648src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3651" href="#xd24e3651src" name="xd24e3651">59</a></span> -<i>G͟haibāna</i>, ‘secretly.’ But the phrase -merely means that the appointment was not made in the Emperor’s -presence. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3651src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3659" href="#xd24e3659src" name="xd24e3659">60</a></span> Text -<i>bargas͟ht</i>, ‘he turned round.’ But the MSS. have -<i>chi rawis͟h-i-tūzukast</i>, “What kind of -arrangement is this?” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3659src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3668" href="#xd24e3668src" name="xd24e3668">61</a></span> -<i>S͟hams͟hīr-i-sīk͟hakī</i>, -‘pointed sword, poniard’? <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3668src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3677" href="#xd24e3677src" name="xd24e3677">62</a></span> The -meaning of two words being used probably is that both Hindu and Persian -astrologers are referred to. Blochmann, p. 311, says that -S͟hāh-Jahān’s birthday was 30th -Rabīʿu-l-awwal. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3677src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3680" href="#xd24e3680src" name="xd24e3680">63</a></span> Lit., -“His disposition had changed from -equability.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3680src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3691" href="#xd24e3691src" name="xd24e3691">64</a></span> -<i>Gīlās</i> is a cherry in Kashmiri. See Blochmann’s -Āyīn, p. 616. Abū-l-faẓl mentions in the -Āyīn (Blochmann, p. 66) that Akbar called <i>gīlās -s͟hāh-ālū</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3691src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3714" href="#xd24e3714src" name="xd24e3714">65</a></span> -<i>Paywandī</i> means ‘to graft,’ and possibly this is -the meaning here, but Steingass gives <i>paywandī</i> as part of -the name of a plum. The text seems to be corrupt, and perhaps what -Jahāngīr wrote was “the <i>zard-ālū</i> -resembles the -<i>k͟hūbānī</i>.” <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e3714src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3743" href="#xd24e3743src" name="xd24e3743">66</a></span> Text -has Yāqūt, but it is clear from the Iqbāl-nāma, p. -25, and from I.O. MS. 181 that the name is K͟hwāja -Tābūt, ‘the coffin K͟hwāja.’ The author -of the Iqbāl-nāma was the person sent to make the inquiry, -and he gives a long account of what he saw. A surgeon was sent with -him, as the K͟hwāja was said to have been martyred, and it -was necessary to report on the wounds. The coffin story is mentioned in -the Āyīn, i, 194. See Jarrett, ii, 409–10, but the -translation is not quite accurate, I think. The punctuation of the text -seems to me to be correct. It is characteristic of Jahāngīr -and the author of the Iqbāl-nāma that they take no notice of -the colossal figures at Bāmiyān, though Abū-l-faẓl -does. See Jarrett’s note. It is stated in the -Iqbāl-nāma that K͟hwāja Tābūt was said to -have been killed in the time of Chingīz K͟hān. If so, -the Sult̤ān Maḥmūd mentioned by Jahāngīr -must be Sult̤ān Maḥmūd -G͟horī. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3743src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3750" href="#xd24e3750src" name="xd24e3750">67</a></span> He was -appointed governor of Sehwān (Iqbāl-nāma, p. -27). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3750src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3760" href="#xd24e3760src" name="xd24e3760">68</a></span> The MSS -merely have “of a size that I had never seen before.” -Probably the text is corrupt, and the meaning may be “as big as a -head.” <i>Bih</i> is a quince, and perhaps this is what is meant -here. Or the meaning may be “equal to the biggest for -size.” Or <i>sar</i> may be a mistake for <i>sih</i> and the -meaning be “equal in size to three (ordinary -peaches).” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3760src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3779" href="#xd24e3779src" name="xd24e3779">69</a></span> I.O. -MS. 181 has Qarqara mountains. There is also the reading -K͟haraq. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3779src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3794" href="#xd24e3794src" name="xd24e3794">70</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 31. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3794src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3797" href="#xd24e3797src" name="xd24e3797">71</a></span> -Dūʾāba is mentioned as a stage by W. -Finch. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3797src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3802" href="#xd24e3802src" name="xd24e3802">72</a></span> The -text omits the word <i>zinda</i>, ‘alive.’ <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e3802src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3812" href="#xd24e3812src" name="xd24e3812">73</a></span> The -<i>urdū</i> or camp was probably not with Jahāngīr then, -and he thought that if he sent to it for the capture of 500 there would -be confusion. He therefore contented himself at the time with arresting -the ringleaders. There is a full account of the conspiracy in the -Iqbāl-nāma, p. 27, etc. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3812src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3820" href="#xd24e3820src" name="xd24e3820">74</a></span> -Possibly the meaning is “his experience was greater than his -skill.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3820src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3828" href="#xd24e3828src" name="xd24e3828">75</a></span> Lit., -when he was smooth-faced, i.e. beardless. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3828src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3846" href="#xd24e3846src" name="xd24e3846">76</a></span> The -I.O. MSS. do not call him governor, and the names of the animals -captured differ in the MSS. from those given in the text. The latter -are obviously wrong, and I have discarded them. The -Iqbāl-nāma, p. 30, has Arzana as the name of the -hunting-ground. Erskine has Arzina. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3846src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3872" href="#xd24e3872src" name="xd24e3872">77</a></span> Erskine -has “many of the hounds were destroyed.” -<i>Sagān-i-tāzī</i> probably means greyhounds, whether -bred in Arabia or elsewhere. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3872src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3878" href="#xd24e3878src" name="xd24e3878">78</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 377, and Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, ii, 642. -He was an Arg͟hūn. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3878src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3888" href="#xd24e3888src" name="xd24e3888">79</a></span> The -passage is obscure and the text is corrupt. Erskine’s translation -is: “His manners towards the soldiers is frank and gallant, but -not according to the rules of discipline, especially towards those who -have been or are in the wars with him. He is much flattered by his -servants, which gives him a light appearance.” Evidently Erskine -read <i>udzī</i> or <i>nāz</i> instead of <i>bāz</i> as -in the text, and the MSS. support his reading. I think, however, that -<i>nāz kas͟hīdan</i> means ‘to jest.’ -Instead of the <i>tā bamāndand</i> of text the MSS. have -<i>yā namāyand</i>, the meaning being those soldiers who have -served him well, or are doing so. We learn from Blochmann, p. 378, that -S͟hāh Beg was “a frank Turk.” <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e3888src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3914" href="#xd24e3914src" name="xd24e3914">80</a></span> The -peculiarity of this year was that the lunar month and the solar month -of Akbar’s birth, viz. Rajab and Ābān, coincided, so -that there was a double celebration. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3914src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3928" href="#xd24e3928src" name="xd24e3928">81</a></span> -Wajīhu-d-dīn was a famous Gujarat saint. He died in -998. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3928src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3933" href="#xd24e3933src" name="xd24e3933">82</a></span> The -word used by Jahāngīr, and which has been translated -‘repeat continually,’ is <i>mudāwamat</i>, and Erskine -understood it to mean that Jahāngīr hoped to prolong his life -by this exercise. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3933src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3946" href="#xd24e3946src" name="xd24e3946">83</a></span> <i>Har -ahūʾī kih zad bar sar-i-tīr raft.</i> The literal -rendering apparently is: “whenever an antelope was struck by him -the arrow entered up to its (the arrow’s) head.” Perhaps -the meaning simply is every arrow (or bullet) that he shot went -home. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3946src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3963" href="#xd24e3963src" name="xd24e3963">84</a></span> -Jalāl K͟hān was a grandson of Sultān Ādam -(Blochmann, pp. 455 and 486). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3963src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3966" href="#xd24e3966src" name="xd24e3966">85</a></span> See -<i>infra</i> for another notice of him in the chapter on -Gujrat. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3966src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3977" href="#xd24e3977src" name="xd24e3977">86</a></span> One of -Jahāngīr’s wives was a daughter of Rāy Rāy -Singh (of Bikanir). See Blochmann, p. 310. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e3977src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3982" href="#xd24e3982src" name="xd24e3982">87</a></span> See -Rieu, Cat. ii, p. 634. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e3982src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e3994" href="#xd24e3994src" name="xd24e3994">88</a></span> There -is evidently something wrong in the text, for a ruby weighing 6 surkhs -could not weigh 2 tanks and 15 surkhs. I.O. MS. 181 has <i>barja</i> -instead of <i>surk͟h</i>, but I do not know what this means. -Perhaps <i>s͟has͟h-gūs͟ha</i>, -‘hexagonal,’ was intended. This view is confirmed by the -Iqbāl-nāma, p. 31, which has <i>s͟has͟h -pahlū</i>, ‘six-sided.’ Erskine’s MS. also had -‘six-sided,’ and he translates “a six-sided ruby -which weighed two <i>tangs</i> fifteen <i>surkhs</i>.” I.O. MS. -305 has <i>s͟has͟h pārcha</i>, and it is evident that -this word, as also the <i>barja</i> of No. 181, is the -<i>pārche</i> of Steingass, which means a segment or -facet. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e3994src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4030" href="#xd24e4030src" name="xd24e4030">89</a></span> This -remark about Mīrzā G͟hāzī, and also the -quotation, do not occur in the two I.O. MSS. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e4030src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4044" href="#xd24e4044src" name="xd24e4044">90</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 417. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4044src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4047" href="#xd24e4047src" name="xd24e4047">91</a></span> -<i>Bayaktā</i>, but the I.O. MSS have <i>batagpāy</i>, -‘rapidly.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4047src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4065" href="#xd24e4065src" name="xd24e4065">92</a></span> -Properly Zainu-d-dīn Maḥmūd. See the story in -Badayūnī, Ranking, p. 589; also Akbar-nāma translation, -i, 611, and Blochmann, p. 539 and note. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4065src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4073" href="#xd24e4073src" name="xd24e4073">93</a></span> I do -not know if this is the author. There appears to be no mention of the -construction in the Akbar-nāma. Nakodar is in the Jalandhar -district (I.G., x, 180, and Jarrett, ii. 317). Perhaps the two tombs at -Nakodar mentioned in I.G. as of Jahāngīr’s time are -those of Muqīm the Wazīru-l-mulk and his wife. See -Tūzuk, pp. 6 and 64. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4073src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4076" href="#xd24e4076src" name="xd24e4076">94</a></span> -<i>K͟hwurd</i>, lit. ‘devoured.’ Apparently he refers -to the fact of the birth as a misfortune. I.O. MS. 181 has -<i>sar-i-mādar u pidar rā k͟hwurd</i>, and the A.S. 124 -has <i>s͟hīr-i-mādar u pidar-i-k͟hūd</i>, -‘the milk of his own mother and father’! <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e4076src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4088" href="#xd24e4088src" name="xd24e4088">95</a></span> This is -given as a quotation in No. 181. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4088src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4093" href="#xd24e4093src" name="xd24e4093">96</a></span> This -should be the 17th if Monday was the 14th. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e4093src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4096" href="#xd24e4096src" name="xd24e4096">97</a></span> The -MSS. seem to have <i>mutaṣṣil-i-mab-i-chaukandī</i>, -‘in shape like a chaukandī(?).’ It was from the roof -of this building that Humāyūn fell. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e4096src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4115" href="#xd24e4115src" name="xd24e4115">98</a></span> -<i>Turg͟hai</i> or <i>turg͟hei</i> is a thrush according to -Vambéry, and was the name of Timur’s father. Perhaps the -bird was the large <i>mainā</i>, the Bhīmrāj or -Bhringraj(?) of the Āyīn, Jarrett, ii, p. 125 and note. In -Scully’s Glossary, <i>turghai</i> is said to be the lark. The -text arranges the words differently from the MSS. They have -<i>mus͟hak͟hk͟haṣ Miyān -T̤ūt̤ī gufta</i>, and Erskine translates -‘which said clearly Miyān T̤ut̤ī.’ But -possibly Jahāngīr meant that it spoke clearly like a -parrot. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4115src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="yr3" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e723">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">The Third New Year’s Feast from my -Accession.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">On Thursday, the 2nd Ẕī-l-ḥijja, -corresponding with the 1st Farwardīn (19th March, 1608), the Sun, -which enlightens and heats the world with its splendour, changed from -the constellation of Pisces to the joyful mansion of Aries, the abode -of pleasure and rejoicing. It gave the world fresh brightness, and -being aided by the Spring clothed those who had been plundered by the -cold season, and tyrannised over by the Autumn, with the robes of -honour of the New Year and the garments of emerald green, and gave them -compensation and recuperation.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Again to Not-Being came the world’s -lord’s order,</p> -<p class="line">‘Restore what thou hast -devoured.’”</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb139" href="#pb139" name= -"pb139">139</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">The feast of the New Year was held in the village of -Rankatta,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4145src" href="#xd24e4145" name= -"xd24e4145src">1</a> which is five kos off (from Agra), and at the time -of transit (of the sun) I seated myself on the throne with glory and -gladness. The nobles and courtiers and all the servants came forward -with their congratulations. In the same assembly I bestowed on -K͟hānjahān the rank of 5,000 personal and horse. I -selected K͟hwāja Jahān for the post of bakhshi. -Dismissing Wazīr K͟hān from the Viziership of the -province of Bengal, I sent in his place Abū-l-ḥasan -S͟hihābk͟hānī; and Nūru-d-dīn -Qulī became kotwal of Agra. As the glorious mausoleum of the late -king Akbar was on the road, it entered my mind that if in passing by I -should have the good fortune of a pilgrimage to it, it might occur to -those who were short-sighted that I visited it because it was the place -where my road crossed. I accordingly had determined that this time I -would enter Agra, and after that would go on foot on this pilgrimage to -the shrine, which is two and a half kos off, in the same way that the -Ḥaẓrat (my father), on account of my birth, had gone from -Agra to Ajmir. Would that I might also traverse the same on my head! -When two watches of day had passed of Saturday, the 5th<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4148src" href="#xd24e4148" name="xd24e4148src">2</a> -of the month, at an auspicious hour, I returned towards Agra, and -scattering with two hands 5000 rupees in small coins on the way, -entered the august palace which was inside the fort. On this day -Rāja Bīr Singh Deo brought a white cheeta to show me. -Although other sorts <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb140" href="#pb140" -name="pb140">140</a>]</span>of creatures, both birds and beasts, have -white varieties, which they call -<i>t̤ūyg͟hān</i>,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4156src" href="#xd24e4156" name="xd24e4156src">3</a> I had never -seen a white cheeta. Its spots, which are (usually) black, were of a -blue colour, and the whiteness of the body was also inclined to -bluishness. Of the albino animals that I have seen there are falcons, -sparrow-hawks, hawks (<i>s͟hikara</i>) that they call -<i>bīgū</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e4170src" href= -"#xd24e4170" name="xd24e4170src">4</a> in the Persian language, -sparrows, crows, partridges, florican, <i>podna</i><a class="noteref" -id="xd24e4183src" href="#xd24e4183" name="xd24e4183src">5</a> -(<i>Sylvia olivacea</i>), and peacocks. Many hawks in aviaries are -albinos. I have also seen white flying mice (flying squirrels) and some -albinos among the black antelope, which is a species found only in -Hindustan. Among the <i>chikāra</i> (gazelle), which they call -<i>safīda</i> in Persia, I have frequently seen albinos. At this -time Ratan, son of Bhoj-hāra, who is one of the chief Rajput -nobles, came to the camp and waited on me, bringing three elephants as -an offering. One of these was much approved, and they valued it in the -office at 15,000 rupees. It was entered among my private elephants, and -I gave it the name of Ratangaj. The value of elephants of the former -great Rajas of India was not more than 25,000 rupees, but they have now -become very dear. I dignified Ratan with the title of Sarbuland -Rāy. I promoted Mīrān Ṣadr Jahān to the rank -of 5,000 personal and 1,500 horse and Muʿaz̤z̤am -K͟hān to 4,000 personal and 2,000 horse. ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān was promoted to 3,000 and 500 horse. Muz̤affar -K͟hān and Bhāo Singh each obtained the rank of 2,000 -personal and 1,000 horse. Abū-l-ḥasan diwan had 1,000 and -500 horse. Iʿtimādu-d-daulah that of 1,000 personal and 250 -horse. On the 25th Rāja Sūraj Singh, the maternal uncle of my -son K͟hurram, came and paid his respects to me. He brought with -him Shyām, the cousin of the turbulent <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb141" href="#pb141" name= -"pb141">141</a>]</span>Umrā. In truth he possesses some skill and -understands well how to ride elephants. Rāja Sūraj Singh had -brought with him a poet who wrote verse in the Hindi tongue. He laid -before me a poem in my praise to the purport that if the Sun had a son -it would be always day and never would be night, because after his -setting that son would sit in his place and keep the world in light. -Praise and thanksgiving to God that God gave your father such a son -that after his death men should not wear mourning which is like the -night. The Sun had envy on this account, saying, “Would I might -also have a son who, taking my place, should not allow night to -approach the world, for from the light of your rising and the -illumination of your justice, notwithstanding such a misfortune, the -spheres are so bright that one might say ‘night had neither name -nor sign.’” Few Hindi verses of such freshness of purport -have ever reached my ear. As a reward for this eulogy I gave him an -elephant. The Rajputs call a poet Chāran (name of a caste who are -many of them poets). One of the poets of the age has turned<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4201src" href="#xd24e4201" name="xd24e4201src">6</a> -these sentiments into (Persian) verse—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“If the world-illuminator had a son,</p> -<p class="line">There would be no night; it would be always day;</p> -<p class="line">For when his gold-crowned head was hidden</p> -<p class="line">His son would display his tiara peak.</p> -<p class="line">Thanks that after such a father</p> -<p class="line">Such a son sits in his place.</p> -<p class="line">For from the demise of that king</p> -<p class="line">No one made black robes for mourning.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">On Thursday, the 8th Muḥarram, 1017<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4223src" href="#xd24e4223" name="xd24e4223src">7</a> -(24th April, 1608), Jalālu-d-dīn Masʿūd, who held -the rank of 400 personal and was not wanting in bravery, and who in -several battles had done great deeds, died at about the age of 50 or 60 -years of diarrhœa. He was an opium-eater, and used to eat opium -after breaking it in pieces, like <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb142" -href="#pb142" name="pb142">142</a>]</span>cheese, and it is notorious -that he frequently ate opium from the hand of his own mother. When his -disease became violent and there was a prospect of his death, his -mother from excessive love for him ate more opium than was right out of -that which she used to give her son, and two or three hours after his -death she also died. I have never heard of such affection on the part -of a mother for her son. It is the custom among the Hindus that after -the death of their husbands women burn themselves, whether from love, -or to save the honour of their fathers, or from being ashamed before -their sons-in-law, but nothing like this was ever manifested on the -part of mothers, Musulman or Hindu. On the 15th of the same month I -presented my best horse by way of favour to Rāja Mān Singh. -S͟hāh ʿAbbās had sent this horse with some other -horses and fitting gifts by Minūchihr, one of his confidential -slaves, to the late king Akbar. From being presented with this horse -the Raja was so delighted that if I had given him a kingdom I do not -think he would have shown such joy. At the time they brought the horse -it was three or four years old. It grew up in Hindustan. The whole of -the servants of the Court, Moghul and Rajput together, represented that -no horse like this had ever come from Iraq to Hindustan. When my -revered father gave the province of Khandesh and the Subah of the -Deccan to my brother Dāniyāl, and was returning to Agra, he -by way of kindness told Dāniyāl to ask of him whatever he -desired. Seizing the opportunity, he asked for this horse, and he -accordingly gave it to him. On Tuesday, the 20th, a report came from -Islām K͟hān with the news of the death of -Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān, the governor of the Subah -of Bengal, who was my special slave. On account of his natural -excellence and innate merit he had been enrolled in the list of the -great Amirs. I was much grieved at his death. I bestowed the rule of -Bengal and the tutorship <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb143" href= -"#pb143" name="pb143">143</a>]</span>to Prince Jahāndār on my -<i>farzand</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e4232src" href="#xd24e4232" -name="xd24e4232src">8</a> Islām K͟hān, and in his place -gave the government of the Subah of Behar to Afẓal -K͟hān (son of Abū-l-faẓl). The son of -Ḥakīm ʿAlī, whom I had sent on some duties to -Burhanpur, came and brought with him some Karnatic jugglers who had no -rivals or equals; for instance, one of them played with ten balls, each -of which was equal to an orange and one to a citron, and one to a -<i>surk͟h</i>,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4242src" href= -"#xd24e4242" name="xd24e4242src">9</a> in such a way that -notwithstanding some were small and some large he never missed one, and -did so many kinds of tricks that one’s wits became bewildered. At -the same time a dervish from Ceylon came and brought a strange animal -called a <i>deonak</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e4250src" href= -"#xd24e4250" name="xd24e4250src">10</a> (or <i>devang</i>). Its face -was exactly like a large bat, and the whole shape was like that of a -monkey, but it had no tail. Its movements were like those of the black -tailless monkey which they call <i>ban mānus͟h</i> (jungle -man) in the Hindi language. Its body was like that of a young monkey -two or three months old. It had been with the dervish for five -years.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4271src" href="#xd24e4271" name= -"xd24e4271src">11</a> It appeared that the animal would never grow -larger. Its food is milk and it also eats plantains. As the creature -appeared very strange, I ordered the artists to take a likeness of it -in various kinds of movement. It looked very ugly.</p> -<p class="par">On the same day Mīrzā Farīdūn -Barlās was promoted to the rank of 1,500 personal and 1,300 horse. -An order was given that Pāyanda<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4276src" href="#xd24e4276" name="xd24e4276src">12</a> -K͟hān Moghul, as he had reached old age after exerting -himself as a soldier, should receive a jagir equal to 2,000 personal. -Ilf K͟hān was promoted to the rank of 700 personal and 500 -horse. The rank of Islām K͟hān<span class="corr" id= -"xd24e4279" title="Not in source">,</span> my son (<i>farzand</i>), -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb144" href="#pb144" name= -"pb144">144</a>]</span>the governor of the Subah of Bengal, was fixed -at 4,000 personal and 3,000 horse. The guardianship of the fort of -Rohtas was bestowed on Kis͟hwar K͟hān, son of -Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān Koka. Ihtimām -K͟hān was raised to the rank of 1,000 personal and 300 horse, -and made <i>mīr baḥr</i> (admiral) and was appointed to the -charge of the <i>nawāra</i> (fleet) of Bengal. On the 1st -Ṣafar S͟hamsu-d-dīn K͟hān, son of -K͟hān Aʿz̤am, made an offering of ten elephants, -and, receiving the rank of 2,000 personal and 1,500 horse, was selected -for the title of Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān, and -Z̤afar K͟hān received the rank of 2,000 personal and -1,000 horse. As I had demanded in marriage the daughter of Jagat Singh, -eldest son of Rāja Mān Singh, I on the 16th sent 80,000 -rupees for the <i>sāchaq</i> (a marriage present) to the house of -the aforesaid Raja in order to dignify him. Muqarrab K͟hān -sent from the port of Cambay a European curtain (tapestry), the like of -which in beauty no other work of the Frank painters had ever been seen. -On the same day my aunt, Najību-n-nisā Begam,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4297src" href="#xd24e4297" name= -"xd24e4297src">13</a> died in the 61st year of her age of the disease -of consumption and hectic fever. I promoted her son, Mīrzā -Wālī, to the rank of 1,000 personal and 200 horse. A man of -Māwarāʾa-n-nahr, of the name of Aqam -Ḥājī, who for a long time had been in Turkey and was -not without reasonableness and religious knowledge, and who called -himself the ambassador of the Turkish Emperor, waited upon me at Agra. -He had an unknown writing (? illegible letter). Looking to his -circumstances and his proceedings none of the servants of the Court -believed in his being an ambassador. When Tīmūr conquered -Turkey, and Yildirīm Bāyazīd, the ruler <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb145" href="#pb145" name="pb145">145</a>]</span>of -that place, fell alive into his hands, he, after levying tribute and -taking one year’s revenue, determined to hand back into his -possession the whole of the country of Turkey. Just at that time -Yildirīm Bāyazīd died, and (Tīmūr), having -handed over the kingdom to his son Mūsā Chelebī, -returned. From that time until now, notwithstanding such favours, no -one had come on the part of the emperors, nor has any ambassador been -sent: how, then, can it now be believed that this person from -Māwarāʾa-n-nahr should have been sent by the emperor? I -could in no way understand the affair, and no one could bear witness to -the accuracy of his claim: I therefore told him to go wherever he might -wish. On the 4th Rabīʿu-1-awwal the daughter of Jagat Singh -entered the harem, and the marriage ceremony was performed in the house -of Her Highness Maryam-zamānī. Amongst the things sent with -her by Rāja Mān Singh were 60 elephants.</p> -<p class="par">As I had determined to conquer the Rānā, it -occurred to me that I should send Mahābat K͟hān. I -appointed 12,000 fully armed cavalry under able officers to go with -him, and in addition 500 ahadis, 2,000 musketeers on foot, with -artillery made up of 70 to 80 guns mounted on elephants and camels; 60 -elephants were appointed to this duty. Two million rupees of treasure -were ordered to be sent with this army. On the 16th of the said month -Mīr K͟halīlu-llah, grandson of Mīr -Niʿmatu-llah Yazdī, the whole of whose circumstances and -family history has already been written, died of diarrhœa. In his -appearance the traces of sincerity and dervishhood were -manifest<span class="corr" id="xd24e4304" title= -"Not in source">.</span> If he had lived and passed a long time in my -service he would have risen to high rank. The bakhshi of Burhanpur had -sent some mangoes, one of which I ordered to be weighed; it came to -52½ tolas. On Wednesday, the 18th, in the house of -Maryam-zamānī, the feast of the lunar weighing of my 40th -year <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb146" href="#pb146" name= -"pb146">146</a>]</span>was held. I ordered the money used in weighing -to be divided amongst women and needy persons. On Thursday, the 4th -Rabīʿu-l-āk͟hir, T̤āhir Beg, the bakhshi -of the Ahadis, was given the title of Muk͟hliṣ -K͟hān, and Mullā-i-Taqiyyā -S͟hūstarī,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4309src" href= -"#xd24e4309" name="xd24e4309src">14</a> who was adorned with -excellencies and perfections, and was well acquainted with the science -of history and genealogy, that of Muʾarrik͟h K͟hān. -On the 10th of the same month, having given Bark͟hūrdār, -the brother of ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, the title of -Bahādur K͟hān, I dignified him among his fellows. -Mūnis K͟hān, son of Mihtar K͟hān, presented me -with a jug of jasper (jade), which had been made in the reign of -Mīrzā Ulug͟h Beg Gūrgān, in the honoured name -of that prince. It was a very delicate rarity and of a beautiful shape. -Its stone was exceedingly white and pure. Around the neck of the jar -they had carved the auspicious name of the Mīrzā and the -Hijra year in <i>riqāʿ</i><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4314src" href="#xd24e4314" name="xd24e4314src">15</a> characters. -I ordered them to inscribe my name and the auspicious name of Akbar on -the edge of the lip of the jar. Mihtar<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4319src" href="#xd24e4319" name="xd24e4319src">16</a> -K͟hān was one of the ancient slaves of this State. He had the -honour of serving the late king Humāyūn, and during the reign -of my revered father had attained the rank of nobility. He regarded him -as one of his confidential servants. On the 16th a firman was issued -that the country of Sangrām,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4323src" -href="#xd24e4323" name="xd24e4323src">17</a> which had been given for a -year by way of reward to my son (<i>farzand</i>) Islām -K͟hān, should be handed over for the same purpose for a year -to Afẓal K͟hān, the governor of the Subah of Behar. On -this day I promoted Mahābat K͟hān to the rank of 3,000 -personal and 2,500 horse, and Yūsuf K͟hān, son of -Ḥusain K͟hān Tukriyah, obtained that of 2,000 -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb147" href="#pb147" name= -"pb147">147</a>]</span>personal and 800 horse. On the 24th I gave leave -to Mahābat K͟hān and the Amirs and men who had been -appointed to subdue the Rānā. The aforesaid K͟hān -was honoured with a robe of honour, a horse, a special elephant, and a -jewelled sword. Zafar K͟hān, having been honoured with a -standard, was presented with a private robe of honour and a jewelled -dagger. S͟hajāʿat K͟hān also was presented -with a standard, and I gave him a robe of honour and a special -elephant. Rāja Bīr Singh Deo received a robe of honour and a -special horse, and Manglī K͟hān a horse and jewelled -dagger. Narāyan Dās Kachhwāhah, ʿAlī Qulī -Darman, and Hizabr K͟hān Tahamtan obtained leave. On -Bahādur K͟hān and Muʿizzu-l-mulk the bakhshi -jewelled daggers were conferred, and in the same manner all the Amirs -and leaders, each one according to his degree, were honoured with royal -gifts. A watch of the day had passed when the Khankhanan, who had been -selected for the high honour of my Ātālīq (guardian), -came from Burhanpur and waited on me. Delight and happiness had so -overpowered him that he did not know whether he came on his head or his -feet. He threw himself bewildered at my feet. By way of favour and -kindness I lifted up his head and held it in an embrace of kindliness -and affection, and kissed his face. He brought me as offerings two -strings of pearls and some rubies and emeralds. The value of the jewels -was 300,000 rupees. Besides these he laid before me many valuable -things. On the 17th Jumādā-l-awwal Wazīr -K͟hān, the Diwan of Bengal, came and waited on me, and -offered 60 elephants, male and female, and one Egyptian<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4331src" href="#xd24e4331" name= -"xd24e4331src">18</a> ruby. As he was one of the old servants and he -performed every duty, I ordered him to remain in attendance on me. As -Qāsim K͟hān and his elder brother, Islām -K͟hān, could in no way <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb148" -href="#pb148" name="pb148">148</a>]</span>keep the peace together, I -had sent for the former to my own presence, and he yesterday came and -waited on me. On the 22nd, Āṣaf K͟hān, made me an -offering of a ruby of the weight of seven <i>ṭānk</i>, which -Abū-l-qāsim, his brother, had bought in the port of Cambay -for 75,000 rupees. It is of a beautiful colour and well-shaped, but to -my belief is not worth more than 60,000 rupees. Great faults had been -committed by Dulīp Rāy, son of Rāy Rāy Singh, but -as he took refuge with my <i>farzand</i> K͟hān Jahān his -offences were pardoned, and I knowingly and purposely passed over his -delinquencies. On the 24th the sons of -K͟hānk͟hānān, who had followed after him, -arrived and waited on me and produced as an offering the sum of 25,000 -rupees. On the same day the said K͟hān offered 90 elephants. -On Thursday, the 1st Jumādā-s̤-s̤ānī, the -feast of my solar year was celebrated in the house of -Maryam-zamānī. Some of the money I divided among the women, -and an order was given that the balance should be distributed to the -poor of the hereditary kingdoms. On the 4th of the month I ordered the -Diwans to give a jagir, according to his rank, of 7,000 rupees to -K͟hān Aʿz̤am.</p> -<p class="par">On this day a female antelope in milk was brought that -allowed itself to be milked with ease, and gave every day four seers of -milk. I had never seen or heard of anything of the kind before. The -milk of the antelope, of the cow, and the buffalo in no way differs. -They say it is of great use in asthma. On the 11th of the month -Rāja Mān Singh asked for leave to complete the army of the -Deccan to which he had been appointed, as well as to visit Amber, his -native place. I gave him a male elephant of my own called -Hus͟hyār-mast, and gave him leave. On Monday, the 12th, as it -was the anniversary of the death of the late king Akbar, in addition to -the expenses of that entertainment, which are fixed separately, I sent -4,000 rupees more to be divided among the faqirs and <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb149" href="#pb149" name= -"pb149">149</a>]</span>dervishes who are present in the enlightened -mausoleum of the venerated one. On that day I exalted ʿAbdu-llah, -the son of K͟hān Aʿz̤am, with the title of -Sarfarāz K͟hān, and ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm, son -of Qāsim K͟hān, with that of Tarbiyat K͟hān. -On Tuesday, the 13th, I sent for K͟husrau’s daughter, and -saw a child so like her father as no one can remember to have seen. The -astrologers used to say that her advent would not be auspicious to her -father, but would be auspicious to me. At last it became known that -they had augured rightly. They said that I should see her after three -years. I saw her when she had passed this age. On the 21st of the month -K͟hānk͟hānān determined to clear out the -province of the Nizāmu-l-mulk, into which, after the death of the -late king Akbar, some disturbances had found their way, and stated in -writing that “If I do not complete this service in the course of -two years, I shall be guilty (of a fault), on the condition that in -addition to the force that had been allotted to that Subah 12,000 more -horse with 1,000,000 rupees should be sent with me.” I ordered -that materials for the army and the treasure should be quickly -prepared, and he should be despatched. On the 26th Muk͟hliṣ -K͟hān, bakhshi of the ahadis, was appointed bakhshi of the -Subah of the Deccan, and I bestowed his place on Ibrāhīm -Ḥusain K͟hān, the Mīr Baḥr. On the 1st -Rajab, Pīs͟hrau K͟hān and Kamāl -K͟hān, who belonged to the servants who were in constant -attendance on me (<i>rū-s͟hinās</i>), died. -S͟hāh Tahmāsp had given Pīs͟hrau -K͟hān as a slave to my grandfather, and he was called -Saʿādat. When he was promoted in the service of the late king -Akbar to the daroghahship and superintendence of the -<i>farrās͟hk͟hāna</i> (carpet department), he -obtained the title of Pīs͟hrau. He was so well acquainted -with this service that one might say it was a garment they had sewn on -the stature of his capacity. When he was 90 years old he was quicker -than lads of 14. He had the good fortune <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb150" href="#pb150" name="pb150">150</a>]</span>to serve my -grandfather, my father, and me. Until he breathed his last he was never -for a moment without the intoxication of wine.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Besmeared with wine -Fig͟hānī<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4358src" href= -"#xd24e4358" name="xd24e4358src">19</a> went to the dust.</p> -<p class="line">Alas! if the angels<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4366src" -href="#xd24e4366" name="xd24e4366src">20</a> smelt his fresh -shroud!”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">He left 1,500,000 rupees. He has one very stupid -son, called Riʿāyat. On account of his father’s claims -for services performed, I gave the superintendence of half the -farrashkhana to him and the other half to Tuk͟hmāq -K͟hān. Kamāl K͟hān was one of the slaves -sincerely devoted to my service; he is of the caste of the Kalāls -of Delhi. On account of the great honesty and trustworthiness that he -had shown I made him <i>bakāwal-begī</i> (chief of the -kitchen). Few such servants are ever met with. He had two sons, to both -of whom I showed great kindness, but where are there others like him? -On the 2nd of the said month Laʿl<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4375src" href="#xd24e4375" name="xd24e4375src">21</a> -Kalāwant, who from his childhood had grown up in my father’s -service, who had taught him every breathing and sound that appertains -to the Hindi language, died in the 65th or 70th year of his age. One of -his girls (concubines) ate opium on this event and killed herself. Few -women among the Musulmans have ever shown such fidelity.</p> -<p class="par">In Hindustan, especially in the province of -Sylhet,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4380src" href="#xd24e4380" name= -"xd24e4380src">22</a> which is a dependency of Bengal, it was the -custom for the people of those parts to make eunuchs of some of their -sons and give them to the governor in place of revenue -(<i>māl-wājibī</i>). This custom by degrees has been -adopted in other provinces, and every year some children are thus -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb151" href="#pb151" name= -"pb151">151</a>]</span>ruined and cut off from procreation. This -practice has become common. At this time I issued an order that -hereafter no one should follow this abominable custom, and that the -traffic in young eunuchs should be completely done away with. -Islām K͟hān and the other governors of the Subah of -Bengal received firmans that whoever should commit such acts should be -capitally punished, and that they should seize eunuchs of tender years -who might be in anyone’s possession. No one of the former kings -had obtained this success. Please Almighty God, in a short time this -objectionable practice will be completely done away with, and the -traffic in eunuchs being forbidden, no one shall venture on this -unpleasant and unprofitable proceeding. I presented the -K͟hānk͟hānān with a bay horse out of those -sent me by S͟hāh ʿAbbās; it was the head of the -stable of my private horses. He was so rejoiced over it that it would -be difficult to describe. In truth a horse of this great size and -beauty has hardly come to Hindustan. I also gave him the elephant -Futūḥ, that is unrivalled in fighting, with twenty other -elephants. As Kis͟han Singh, who was accompanying Mahābat -K͟hān, performed laudable service, and was wounded in the leg -by a spear in the fight with the Rānā’s men, so that -about twenty noblemen of his were killed and about 3,000 made captive, -he was promoted to the rank of 2,000 personal and 1,000 horse. On the -14th of the same month I gave an order for Mīrzā -G͟hāzī to betake himself to Qandahar. A strange -occurrence was that as soon as the aforesaid Mīrzā started -from Bakhar for that province the news of the death of Sardār -K͟hān, the governor of that place, came. Sardār -K͟hān was one of the permanent and intimate attendants of my -uncle Muhammad Ḥakīm, and was known as Tuk͟hta<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4388src" href="#xd24e4388" name= -"xd24e4388src">23</a> Beg. I gave half his rank (the pay of it) to his -sons. On Monday, the 17th, I went on <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb152" href="#pb152" name="pb152">152</a>]</span>foot on my pilgrimage -to the enlightened mausoleum of the late king. If it had been possible, -I would have traversed this road with my eyelashes and head. My revered -father, on account of my birth, had gone on foot on a pilgrimage to the -shrine of K͟hwāja Muʿīnu-d-dīn Sanjari -Chis͟htī, from Fatḥpūr to Ajmir, a distance of 120 -kos: if I should traverse this road with my head and eyes, what should -I have done? When I was dignified with the good fortune of making this -pilgrimage, I saw the building that had been erected in the cemetery. -It did not come up to my idea of what it ought to be, for that would be -approved which the wayfarers of the world should point to as one the -like of which was not in the inhabited world. Inasmuch as at the time -of erecting the aforesaid building the affair of the ill-starred -K͟husrau took place, I started for Lahore, and the architects had -built it after a design of their own. At last a certain expenditure was -made until a large sum was expended, and work went on for three or four -years. I ordered that experienced architects should again lay the -foundations, in agreement with men of experience, in several places, on -a settled plan. By degrees a lofty building was erected, and a very -bright garden was arranged round the building of the shrine, and a -large and lofty gateway with minarets of white stone was built. On the -whole they told me the cost of this lofty edifice was 1,500,000 rupees, -equivalent to 50,000 current tumans of Persia and 4,500,000 khanis, -according to the currency of Tūrān.</p> -<p class="par">On Sunday, the 23rd, I went with a band of courtiers who -had not seen it to look at the reservoir in the house of -Ḥakīm ʿAlī like one that had been made at Lahore -in the time of my father. The reservoir is 6 gaz by 6 gaz. At its side -has been erected a well-lighted room, the entrance to which is through -the water, but the water does not get into it. Ten or twelve people -could meet in it. He made an offering of some <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb153" href="#pb153" name="pb153">153</a>]</span>of -the cash and jewels that had accumulated<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4397src" href="#xd24e4397" name="xd24e4397src">24</a> in his -time. After looking at the room, and the entering of a number of -courtiers therein, I raised him to the rank of 2,000, and returned to -the palace. On Sunday, the 14th S͟haʿbān, the -K͟hānk͟hānān was honoured with a jewelled -sword for the waist, a robe of honour, and a special elephant, and was -given leave to go to his duty in the Deccan. Rāja Sūraj -Singh, who was attached to him in that service, was raised to the rank -of 3,000 personal and 2,000 horse. As it was again represented to me -that oppression was being committed by the brethren and attendants of -Murtazā K͟hān on the ryots and people of Ahmadabad in -Gujarat, and that he was unable properly to restrain his relations and -people about him, I transferred the Subah from him and gave it to -Aʿz̤am K͟hān, and it was settled that the latter -should attend at court, and that his eldest son Jahāngīr -Qulī K͟hān should go to Gujarat as his deputy. The rank -of Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān was fixed at 3,000 -personal and 2,500 horse. An order was given that in company with Mohan -Dās dīwān and Masʿūd Beg -Hamaẕānī bak͟hs͟hī he should carry on -the business of the province. Mohan Dās was promoted to the rank -of 800 with 500 horse, and Masʿūd Beg to 300 with 150 horse. -Tarbiyat K͟hān, one of the personal servants, was given the -rank of 700 with 400 horse, and Naṣru-llah the same. Mihtar -K͟hān, whose circumstances have been related, died at this -time, and I promoted his son Mūnis K͟hān to the rank of -500 personal and 130 horse. On Wednesday, the 4th -Ẕī-l-ḥijja, K͟husrau had a son born to him by the -daughter of the K͟hān Aʿz̤am, and I gave him the -name of Buland-ak͟htar. On the 6th of the same month Muqarrab -K͟hān sent a picture (with a report) that the <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb154" href="#pb154" name= -"pb154">154</a>]</span>belief of the Franks was this, that the picture -was that of Tīmūr. At the time when Yildirīm -Bāyazīd was taken prisoner by his victorious army, a -Nazarene, who at that time was ruler<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4402src" href="#xd24e4402" name="xd24e4402src">25</a> of -Constantinople, had sent an ambassador with gifts and presents in token -of submission and service, and an artist who had been sent with the -ambassador took his likeness and brought it away. If this story were -true, no better gift could be presented to me. But as the picture had -no resemblance to any of his descendants I was not satisfied of the -truth of the statement.</p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4145" href="#xd24e4145src" name="xd24e4145">1</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 332. Sikandra, Akbar’s tomb, lies half-way between -Rankattah and Agra. Tiefenthaler, i, 206, gives the name as Runcta, and -says it is a famous place, as Rām there took the figure of Paras -Rām. Jarrett, ii, 180, has Rangtah, and it is there described as a -village on the Jumna, near the city, and a much frequented place of -worship. The Agra volume of the N.W.P. Gazetteer, p. 764, spells it -Runkutta, and says it is 9 miles north-west of Agra. See also -Maʾās̤ir, ii, 407, art. Ṣaʿid -K͟hān, where mention is made of Rankatta and -Hilālābād, and Blochmann, p. 332. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e4145src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4148" href="#xd24e4148src" name="xd24e4148">2</a></span> If -Thursday was the 2nd, Saturday would be the 4th. He went first to Agra -from Rangta, apparently. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4148src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4156" href="#xd24e4156src" name="xd24e4156">3</a></span> -<i>T̤ūyg͟hun</i> or <i>t̤ūyg͟hun</i> is -given in Zenker as Turkī for the white falcon. See Elliot, vi, -317. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4156src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4170" href="#xd24e4170src" name="xd24e4170">4</a></span> -<i>Bīg͟hū</i>, which is given in Zenker, is Turkī. -The text has <i>līfū</i>. The I.O. MSS. have -<i>bīgū</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4170src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4183" href="#xd24e4183src" name="xd24e4183">5</a></span> Should -be <i>būdana</i>, ‘quail.’ <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e4183src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4201" href="#xd24e4201src" name="xd24e4201">6</a></span> -Apparently this is a translation from the Hindi. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e4201src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4223" href="#xd24e4223src" name="xd24e4223">7</a></span> Text -wrongly has 1014. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4223src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4232" href="#xd24e4232src" name="xd24e4232">8</a></span> -Jahāngīr calls Islām <i>farzand</i> because he was the -son of his foster-brother. Jahāngīr Qulī means -‘slave of Jahāngīr.’ <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e4232src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4242" href="#xd24e4242src" name="xd24e4242">9</a></span> The seed -of <i>Abrus precatorius</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4242src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4250" href="#xd24e4250src" name="xd24e4250">10</a></span> Or -<i>devtaq</i>. Qu. <i>devanāyak</i>? The MSS. have -<i>yūnk</i> and <i>wabūnk</i>. The text is corrupt and has -converted the word for ‘bat’ into a -‘lamb.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4250src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4271" href="#xd24e4271src" name="xd24e4271">11</a></span> The -text is corrupt. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4271src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4276" href="#xd24e4276src" name="xd24e4276">12</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 387. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4276src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4297" href="#xd24e4297src" name="xd24e4297">13</a></span> Sister -of Mīrzā Ḥakīm, also known as -Fak͟hru-n-nisā (Blochmann, p. 322). The MSS. have -Bak͟htu-n-nisā, and it would seem that the -Najību-n-nisā of the text is a wrong reading. See Gulbadan -Begam’s Memoirs, p. 214. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4297src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4309" href="#xd24e4309src" name="xd24e4309">14</a></span> Text -wrongly has S͟hams͟hīrī. The MSS. have -S͟hūstarī, and this is right. See Blochmann, pp. 208, -209, and 518. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4309src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4314" href="#xd24e4314src" name="xd24e4314">15</a></span> -<i>Riqāʿ</i> is a kind of writing (Blochmann, pp. 99, -100). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4314src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4319" href="#xd24e4319src" name="xd24e4319">16</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 417. His name was Anīsu-d-dīn. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e4319src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4323" href="#xd24e4323src" name="xd24e4323">17</a></span> This -must be Rāja Sangrām of K͟harakpur, who had been a -rebel. See Blochmann, p. 446 and note. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4323src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4331" href="#xd24e4331src" name="xd24e4331">18</a></span> Text -Qutbī, but I think the word is Qibt̤ī, -‘Egyptian.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4331src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4358" href="#xd24e4358src" name="xd24e4358">19</a></span> -Fig͟hānī was a famous poet and also a drunkard. See -Rieu, ii, p. 651, and Sprenger, Oude Cat., p. 403. -<i>Fig͟hānī</i> also means lamentation, and there is a -play in the couplet on the double meaning. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e4358src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4366" href="#xd24e4366src" name="xd24e4366">20</a></span> In the -Elliot MSS., B.M., the second line is translated “Alas! if the -angels made his shroud of another kind of odour!” The angels -meant are Nakīr and Munkar. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4366src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4375" href="#xd24e4375src" name="xd24e4375">21</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 612. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4375src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4380" href="#xd24e4380src" name="xd24e4380">22</a></span> Cf. -Jarrett, ii, p. 122. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4380src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4388" href="#xd24e4388src" name="xd24e4388">23</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 469. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4388src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4397" href="#xd24e4397src" name="xd24e4397">24</a></span> -“What money and articles he could produce at the time” -(Elliot, vi, 320). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4397src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4402" href="#xd24e4402src" name="xd24e4402">25</a></span> -Apparently the person spoken of as a Nazarene (Christian) was the -Emperor of Constantinople. Can this picture be the original of that -prefixed to White & Davey’s translation of -Tīmūr’s Institutes? <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4402src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="yr4" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e730">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">The Fourth New Year’s Feast after the Auspicious -Accession.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The passing of the great star that illumines the -world into the constellation of Aries took place on the night of -Saturday, the 14th Ẕī-l-ḥijja, in Hijra 1017 (21st -March, 1609), and New Year’s Day that made brilliant the world -began with good auspices and rejoicing. On Friday, the 5th -Muḥarram, in the year 1018, Ḥakīm ʿAlī died. -He was an unrivalled physician; he had derived much profit from Arabic -sciences. He had written a commentary on the Canon (of Avicenna) in the -time of my revered father. He had greater diligence than understanding, -just as his appearance was better than his disposition, and his -acquirements better than his talents; on the whole he was bad-hearted, -and of an evil spirit. On the 20th Ṣafar I dignified -Mīrzā Bark͟hūrdār with the title of -K͟hān ʿĀlam. They brought from the neighbourhood of -Fatḥpūr a water-melon, greater than any I had ever seen. I -ordered them to weigh it, and it came to 33 seers. On Monday, the 19th -Rabīʿu-l-awwal, the feast of my annual lunar weighing -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb155" href="#pb155" name= -"pb155">155</a>]</span>was arranged in the palace of my revered mother; -a part of the money was divided among the women who had assembled there -on that day.</p> -<p class="par">As it had been evident that in order to carry on the -affairs of the State in the Subah of the Deccan it was necessary to -send one of the princes there, it came into my mind to send my son -Parwīz there. I ordered them to send his equipments and fix the -hour for his departure. I summoned to Court Mahābat -K͟hān, who had been nominated to the command of the army -against the rebel Rānā to arrange certain matters at -headquarters, and appointed in his place ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān, whom I exalted with the title of Fīrūz-jang. -I sent ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq bak͟hs͟hī to carry an -order to all the mansabdars of that army not to depart from the orders -of the aforesaid K͟hān, and to pay every heed to his thanks -and blame. On the 4th Jumādā-l-awwal one of the goatherds, -who are a particular tribe, brought before me a gelded goat that had -teats like a female, and gave every day sufficient milk to take with a -cup of coffee.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4414src" href="#xd24e4414" -name="xd24e4414src">1</a> As milk is one of the favours of Allah, and -the source which nourishes many animals, I looked on this strange -affair as an omen for good. On the 6th of the same month, having given -him the rank of 2,000 personal and 1,500 horse, I sent K͟hurram, -son of K͟hān Aʿz̤am, to the government of the -province of Sorath, which is known as Jūnagaḍh (in -Kathiyawād). I honoured<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4417src" href= -"#xd24e4417" name="xd24e4417src">2</a> Ḥakīm -Ṣadrā with the title of Masihu-z-zamān, and gave him -the rank of 500 personal and 30 horse. On the 16th a jewelled -waist-sword was sent to Rāja Mān Singh. On the 22nd, having -handed over 2,000,000 rupees for the expenses of the army of the -Deccan, which had been ordered for Parwīz, to a separate -treasurer, 500,000 rupees more were given for <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb156" href="#pb156" name="pb156">156</a>]</span>the -private expenses of Parwīz. On the 25th, Wednesday, -Jahāndār (his son), who previously to this had been -appointed, together with Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān Koka, -to Bengal, came and waited on me. In reality it became known to me that -he was a born devotee.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4422src" href= -"#xd24e4422" name="xd24e4422src">3</a> As my mind was taken up with the -preparations for the Deccan, on the 1st -Jumādā-l-āk͟hir I nominated the -Amīru-l-umarā as well to that duty. He was honoured with the -favour of a robe of honour and a horse. Having promoted Karam Chand, -son of Jagannāth, to the rank of 2,000 personal and 1,500 horse, I -sent him in company with Parwīz. On the 4th of the month 370 ahadi -horse were appointed with ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān to the -assistance of the army employed against the Rānā. One hundred -horses were also despatched from the government stables to be given as -he thought proper to the mansabdars and ahadis. On the 17th I gave a -ruby of the value of 60,000 rupees to Parwīz, and another ruby -with two single pearls, worth about 40,000 rupees, to K͟hurram. On -Monday, the 28th, Jagannāth was promoted to the rank of 5,000 -personal and 3,000 horse, and on the 8th of Rajab, Rāy Jāy -Singh was promoted to that of 4,000 personal and 3,000 horse, and was -dismissed for service in the Deccan. On Thursday, the 9th, Prince -S͟hahriyār from Gujarat came and waited on me. On Tuesday, -the 4th, I despatched my son Parwīz on the service of conquering -the country of the Deccan. He was presented with a robe of honour, a -special horse, a special elephant, a sword, and a jewelled dagger. The -Sardars and Amirs who were appointed with him each according to his -condition received and were made happy with the favour of a horse, a -robe of honour, an elephant, a sword, and a jewelled dagger. I -appointed 1,000 ahadis to be in <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb157" -href="#pb157" name="pb157">157</a>]</span>attendance on Parwīz for -the service of the Deccan. On the same day a representation came from -ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān that having pursued the rebel -Rānā into the hill country into rough places, he had captured -several of his elephants and horses. When night came on he had escaped -with difficulty with his life. As he had made things go hard with him, -he would soon be taken prisoner or killed. I promoted the said -K͟hān to the rank of 5,000 personal, and a rosary of pearls, -worth 10,000 rupees, was given to Parwīz. As I had given the -province of K͟handesh and Berar to the said son, I also conferred -on him the fort of Āsīr, and 300 horse were sent with him to -be given to ahadis, mansabdars, and whomever else he might consider -worthy of favour. On the 26th, Saif K͟hān Bārha was -given the rank of 2,500 personal and 1,350 horse, and appointed to the -faujdārship of the Sarkar of Hisar. On Monday, the 4th -Shaʿbān, an elephant was given to Wazīr K͟hān. -On Friday, the 22nd, I gave an order that as <i>bang</i> and -<i>būza</i> (rice spirit) were injurious, they should not be sold -in the bazars and that gambling should be abolished, and on this -subject I issued stringent orders. On the 25th they brought a tiger -from my private menagerie to fight with a bull. Many people gathered -together to see the show, and a band of Jogis (religious mendicants) -with them. One of the Jogis was naked, and the tiger, by way of sport, -and not with the idea of rage, turned towards him. It threw him on the -ground and began to behave to him as it would to its own female. The -next day and on several occasions the same thing took place. As no such -thing had ever been seen before and was exceedingly strange, this has -been recorded.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4436src" href="#xd24e4436" -name="xd24e4436src">4</a> On the 2nd of the month of -Ramaẓān, at the request of Islām <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb158" href="#pb158" name= -"pb158">158</a>]</span>K͟hān, G͟hiyās<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4441src" href="#xd24e4441" name="xd24e4441src">5</a> -K͟hān was promoted to the rank of 1,500 personal and 800 -horse. Farīdūn K͟hān Barlās was promoted to -the rank of 2,500 with 2,000 horse. One thousand <i>tolcha</i> of gold -and silver and 1,000 rupees were given in alms on the day of the -procession of the sun into the constellation of the Scorpion, which, -according to the general acceptation of the Hindoos, is called the -Sankrānt. On the 10th of that month an elephant was presented to -S͟hāh Beg Yūzī<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4448src" -href="#xd24e4448" name="xd24e4448src">6</a> (? the panther-keeper), and -Salāmu-llah, the Arab, who is a distinguished young man and a -relative (son-in-law?) of Mubārak, the ruler of Darful.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4451src" href="#xd24e4451" name="xd24e4451src">7</a> -On account of some suspicion that S͟hāh ʿAbbās had -entertained against him, he came to wait upon me. I patronised him, and -gave him the rank of 400 personal and 200 horse. Again, another force, -containing 193 mansabdars and 46 ahadis, I sent after Parwīz for -service in the Deccan. Fifty horses were also entrusted to one of the -servants of the Court to convoy to Parwīz.</p> -<p class="par">On Friday, the 13th, a certain idea came into my mind, -and this rhymed <i>g͟hazal</i> was produced:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“What shall I do, for the arrow of loss of thee -has pierced my liver!</p> -<p class="line">So that the (evil) eye not reaching me again may reach -another?</p> -<p class="line">Thou movest as if frenzied, and the world is frenzied -for thee.</p> -<p class="line">I burn rue lest thy eye should reach me. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb159" href="#pb159" name="pb159">159</a>]</span></p> -<p class="line">I am frenzied at union with my friend, and in despair -at her absence.</p> -<p class="line">Alas for the grief that has o’erwhelmed me!</p> -<p class="line">I’ve grown mad that I may rush on the pathway of -meeting:</p> -<p class="line">Woe for the time that brought me the news!</p> -<p class="line">Jahāngīr, the time for humility and prayer is -every morning,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4482src" href="#xd24e4482" -name="xd24e4482src">8</a></p> -<p class="line">I hope that some spark of light may take -effect.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">On Sunday, the 15th, I sent 50,000 rupees as -<i>sāchaq</i> to the house of the daughter of Muz̤affar -Ḥusain Mīrzā, son of Sult̤ān Ḥusain -Mīrzā, son of Bahrām Mīrzā, son of -S͟hāh Ismaʿīl Ṣafawī, who had been -demanded in marriage for my son K͟hurram. On the 17th of the month -Mubārak K͟hān Sarwānī was honoured with the -rank of 1,000 personal and 300 horse. Five thousand rupees were also -given to him, and 4,000 rupees to Ḥājī Bī -Ūzbeg. On the 22nd a ruby and a pearl were given to -S͟hahriyār. One hundred thousand rupees were given for the -subsistence of the Ūymāqs (special cavalry) who had been -appointed for service in the Deccan. Two thousand rupees were given to -Farruk͟h Beg, the painter, who is unrivalled in the age. Four -thousand rupees were sent for expenditure on Bābā Hasan -Abdāl. One thousand rupees were handed to Mullā -ʿAlī Aḥmad Muhrkan (engraver) and Mullā -Rūzbihān S͟hīrāzī to expend on the -anniversary festival of Hazrat S͟haik͟h Salīm at his -mausoleum. An elephant was given to Muhammad Ḥusain, the writer, -and 1,000 rupees to K͟hwāja ʿAbdu-l-Haqq -Anṣārī. I gave orders to the Diwans that having raised -the rank of Murtazā K͟hān to 5,000 personal and horse -they should give him a jagir. I ordered Bihārī Chand -Qānūngū, of the Sarkar of Agra, to take 1,000 footmen -and equipment from the Zamindars of Agra, and, fixing their monthly -pay, to send them to Parwīz in the Deccan, and 500,000 rupees more -were fixed for the expenses of Parwīz. On Thursday, the 4th -S͟hawwāl, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb160" href="#pb160" -name="pb160">160</a>]</span>Islām K͟hān was promoted to -the rank of 5,000 personal and 5,000 horse, Abū-l-walī Beg -Ūzbeg to that of 1,500 and Z̤afar K͟hān to that of -2,500. Two thousand rupees were given to Badīʿu-z-zamān, -son of Mīrzā S͟hāhruk͟h, and 1,000 rupees to -Pathān Miṣr. I ordered that drums should be given to all of -them as their rank had been raised to 3,000 and higher. Five thousand -rupees more of the money from my weighing were entrusted for the -construction of a bridge at Bābā Ḥasan Abdāl and -the building that is there to Abū-l-wafā, son of -Ḥakīm Abū-l-fatḥ, in order that he might exert -himself and put the bridge and the aforesaid building in perfect order. -On Saturday, the 13th, when four gharis of day were left, the moon -began to be eclipsed. By degrees the whole of its body was obscured, -and it continued till five gharis of night had passed. In order to -avert the bad omen of this I had myself weighed against gold, silver, -cloth, and grain, and gave away in alms all kinds of animals, such as -elephants, horses, etc., the cost of all of which was 15,000 rupees. I -ordered them to be distributed among the deserving and the poor. On the -25th, at the request of her father, I took the daughter of Rām -Chand Bandīlab into my service (i.e. married her). I gave an -elephant to Mīr Fāẓil, nephew of Mīr -S͟harīf, who had been appointed to the faujdārship of -Qabūlah and those regions ʿInāyat-ullah was dignified -with the title of ʿInāyat K͟hān. On Wednesday, the -1st Ẕī-l-qaʿda, Bihārī Chand was granted the -rank of 500 personal and 300 horse. A <i>khapwa</i> (dagger), adorned -with jewels was given to my son Bābā K͟hurram. -Mullā Hayatī, by whom I had sent a message to the -K͟hānk͟hānān, with a verbal message containing -(expressions of) all kinds of condescension and affection, came and -brought before me a ruby and two pearls of the value of about 20,000 -rupees, which the K͟hānk͟hānān had sent by -him. Mīr Jamālu-d-dīn Ḥusain, who was in Burhanpur -and whom <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb161" href="#pb161" name= -"pb161">161</a>]</span>I had sent for, came and waited on me. I -presented S͟hajāʿat K͟hān Dakhanī with -2,000 rupees. On the 6th of the aforesaid month, before Parwīz -arrived at Burhanpur, a petition came from the Khankhanan and the Amirs -that the Dakhanis had assembled together and were making disturbances. -When I discovered that, notwithstanding the nomination of Parwīz -and the army that had proceeded with him and been appointed to his -service, they were still in need of support and assistance, it occurred -to me that I should go myself, and by Allah’s favour satisfy -myself with regard to that affair. In the meanwhile a petition came -also from Āṣaf K͟hān that my coming there would be -for the advantage of the daily-increasing State. A petition from -ʿĀdil K͟hān, from Bijapur, also came, that if one -of the trusted ones of the Court could be appointed there to whom he -could tell his desires and claims, so that the envoy might convey them -to me, he hoped that it might become the means of affording profit to -these slaves (i.e. himself). On this account I consulted with the Amirs -and loyal men, and told them to represent whatever entered into -anyone’s mind. My son K͟hān Jahān represented that -inasmuch as so many Amirs had been despatched for the conquest of the -Deccan, it was not necessary for me to go in person. If he were -ordered, he himself would go and attend on the prince and would, please -God, perform this duty while serving him. Those words were approved of -by all those who were loyal. I had never contemplated separation from -him, but as the affair was an important one I necessarily gave him -permission, and ordered that as soon as matters had been arranged he -should return without delay, and should not remain more than a year in -those regions. On Tuesday, the 17th Ẕī-l-qaʿda, he was -free to go. I presented him with a special gold-embroidered robe of -honour, a special horse with a jewelled saddle, a jewelled sword, and a -special elephant <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb162" href="#pb162" -name="pb162">162</a>]</span>I also gave him a yak-tail standard -(<i>tūmān ṭūg͟h</i>). I appointed Fidā; -K͟hān, who was one of my faithful servants, and to whom I -gave a robe of honour and a horse and his expenses, promoting him to -the rank of 1,000 personal and 400 horse, original and extra, to go -with K͟hān Jahān, in order that if it were necessary to -send anyone to ʿĀdil K͟hān according to his -request, he might despatch him. Lankū Pandit, who in the time of -the late king Akbar had come with offerings from ʿĀdil -K͟hān, I also gave leave to go with K͟hān -Jahān, bestowing on him a horse, a robe of honour, and money. Of -the Amirs and soldiers who had been appointed with ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān to the duty of beating back the Rānā, men -such as Rāja Bīr Singh Deo, S͟hajāʿat -K͟hān, Rāja Bikramājīt, and others, with 4,000 -or 5,000 horse, were nominated to support K͟hān Jahān. I -sent Muʿtamad K͟hān with the announcement that I had -made him a <i>sazāwal</i> (i.e. one who urges on others), and that -he was to act along with K͟hān Jahān in Ujjain. Out of -the men of the palace, I sent 6,000 or 7,000 horse with him, such as -Saif K͟hān Bārha, Ḥājī Bī -Ūzbeg, Salamu-llah ʿArab, brother’s son of Mubārak -ʿArab, who had in his possession the province of -Jūtra(?)<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4511src" href="#xd24e4511" -name="xd24e4511src">9</a> and Darfūl(?) and that neighbourhood, -and other mansabdars and courtiers. At the time of giving them leave I -gave each one an increase of rank and robe of honour and money for -their expenses. Making Muḥammad Beg paymaster of the army, I -provided him with 1,000,000 rupees to take with him. I sent to -Parwīz a special horse, and to the Khankhanan and other Amirs and -officers who were appointed to that Subah dresses of honour.</p> -<p class="par">After carrying out these matters I left the city for the -purpose of hunting. One thousand rupees were given to <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb163" href="#pb163" name= -"pb163">163</a>]</span>Mīr ʿAlī Akbar. As the -Rabīʿ Faṣl (Spring season) had arrived, for fear any -damage should happen to the cultivation of the ryots from the passage -of the army, and notwithstanding that I had appointed a -<i>qūrīsāwul</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e4520src" -href="#xd24e4520" name="xd24e4520src">10</a> (Erskine has Kor, the -Yasawal) (probably a kind of provost marshal) with the band of ahadis -for the purpose of guarding the fields, I ordered certain men to see -what damage had been done to the crops from stage to stage and pay -compensation to the ryots. I gave 10,000 rupees to the daughter of the -Khankhanan, the wife of Dāniyāl, 1,000 rupees to -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm K͟har (i.e. ass) for expenses, and -1,000 to Qāchā the Dakhani. On the 12th, K͟hānjar -K͟hān, brother of ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, received -the rank of 1,000 personal and 500 horse original and extra, and -Bahādur K͟hān, another brother, that of 600 personal and -300 horse. On this day two antelopes with horns and one doe were taken. -On the 13th I bestowed on and sent to K͟hān Jahān a -special horse. Having promoted Badīʿu-z-zamān, son of -Mīrzā S͟hāhruk͟h, to the rank of 1,000 and 500 -horse, I gave him 5,000 rupees for expenses, and he was sent off with -K͟hān Jahān for service in the Deccan. On this day two -male and three female antelope were killed. On Wednesday, the 10th, I -killed a female <i>nīlgāw</i> and a black antelope with a -gun, and on the 15th a female nilgaw and a <i>chikāra</i> -(gazelle). On the 17th of the month two rubies and a pearl were brought -to me by Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān from Gujarat, as -well as a jewelled opium box, which Muqarrab K͟hān had sent -from the port of Cambay. On the 20th I killed with a gun a tigress and -a nilgaw. There were two cubs with the tigress, but they disappeared -from view in consequence of the thickness of the jungle and the number -of trees. An order was given that they should search for and bring -them. When I reached the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb164" href= -"#pb164" name="pb164">164</a>]</span>halting-place my son K͟hurram -brought me one of the cubs, and the next day Mahābat -K͟hān caught the other and brought it. On the 22nd, when I -had got within shot of a nilgaw, suddenly a groom -(<i>jilaudār</i>) and two <i>kahār</i> (bearers) appeared, -and the nilgaw escaped. In a great rage I ordered them to kill the -groom on the spot, and to hamstring<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4547src" -href="#xd24e4547" name="xd24e4547src">11</a> the kahars and mount them -on asses and parade them through the camp, so that no one should again -have the boldness to do such a thing. After this I mounted a horse and -continued hunting with hawks and falcons, and came to the -halting-place.</p> -<p class="par">Next day, under the guidance of Iskandar -Muʿīn, I shot a large nilgaw, and promoted him to the rank of -600 personal and 500 horse. On Friday, the 24th, Ṣafdar -K͟hān, who had come from the Subah of Behar, had the good -fortune to perform his obeisance to me. He presented as offerings a -hundred muhrs, a sword, and five female and one male elephant. The male -elephant was accepted. On the same day Yādgār -K͟hwāja of Samarkand came from Balkh and paid his respects. -He made offerings of an album, some horses, and other presents, and was -dignified with a robe of honour. On Wednesday, 6th -Ẕī-l-ḥijja, Muʿizzu-l-mulk, who had been removed -from the paymastership of the army against the rebel Rānā, -ill and miserable, waited on me. On the 14th of the said month, having -pardoned all the faults of ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm -K͟har,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4558src" href="#xd24e4558" name= -"xd24e4558src">12</a> I promoted him to the rank of -<i>yūzbās͟hī</i> (centurion) and 20 horse, and -ordered him to go to Kashmir and in <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb165" href="#pb165" name="pb165">165</a>]</span>company with the -bakhshi of that place hold a muster of the troops of Qilīj -K͟hān and all the jagirdars and Uymaks in the service or not, -and to bring the list. Kis͟hwar K͟hān, son of -Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān, came from the fort of Rohtas -and had the good fortune to pay his respects to me.</p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4414" href="#xd24e4414src" name="xd24e4414">1</a></span> Perhaps -the meaning is enough milk to fill a coffee-cup. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e4414src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4417" href="#xd24e4417src" name="xd24e4417">2</a></span> -According to the contemporary, but anonymous, author quoted in Elliot, -vi, 448, this was in reward for restoring the sight of -K͟husrau. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4417src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4422" href="#xd24e4422src" name="xd24e4422">3</a></span> -<i>Majẕūb-i-mādar-zād.</i> Probably the meaning is -that he was a born idiot. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4422src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4436" href="#xd24e4436src" name="xd24e4436">4</a></span> The -story is also told in the Iqbāl-nāma, p. 37, where it is said -that the tiger was one brought by a calendar as a present. It had the -name of Laʿl K͟hān and was very tame. It is added that -the tiger did no injury to the jogi with his claws or -teeth. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4436src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4441" href="#xd24e4441src" name="xd24e4441">5</a></span> The MSS. -have ʿInāyat. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4441src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4448" href="#xd24e4448src" name="xd24e4448">6</a></span> I.O. MS. -No. 181, S͟hāh Beg K͟hān. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e4448src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4451" href="#xd24e4451src" name="xd24e4451">7</a></span> -Salāmu-llah is mentioned later on (p. 78), and is described as -brother’s son of Mubārak, who held the country of Jotra (?) -and Darful. He is also mentioned in the Iqbāl-nāma, p. 38, -where Mubārak is described as ruler (<i>ḥākim</i>) of -Jūyza and Safūl (?). But a MS. of the Iqbāl-nāma in -my possession only mentions Jūyza or Jūyna. I think -Jūyza must be Juina or Juanny, which, according to Sir William -Jones, is one of the names of the island of Johanna or Hinzuan (one of -the Comorro Islands), and that Safūl must be Sofala, a town on the -east coast of Africa. Sir W. Jones was landed on Johanna, and has a -long account of the island (see his works). The Iqbāl-nāma -says that Salāmu-llah killed himself with drink. There is a short -notice of him in the Maʾās̤ir, ii, 641, where he is -called by his title of S͟hajāʿat -K͟hān. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4451src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4482" href="#xd24e4482src" name="xd24e4482">8</a></span> The I.O. -MSS. have a different reading here. Instead of ‘every -morning’ they have ‘renew (humility).’ The word -<i>nūr</i>, ‘light,’ in the last line probably refers -to Jahāngīr’s name of -Nūru-d-dīn. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4482src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4511" href="#xd24e4511src" name="xd24e4511">9</a></span> See note -above. Jūtra or Jotra is probably a mistake for the island of -Johanna, i.e. Hinzuan. Darfūl is Dazfūl in I.O. MS. No. -181. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4511src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4520" href="#xd24e4520src" name="xd24e4520">10</a></span> -Possibly <i>Qūr Yasāwul</i> is right, but most probably it -was a <i>yasāwul</i> attached to the <i>Qūr</i>, for which -see Blochmann, p. 50. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4520src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4547" href="#xd24e4547src" name="xd24e4547">11</a></span> -Jahāngīr’s conduct was sufficiently brutal, but the -text has made it worse than it was by omitting the word <i>pay</i> -before <i>pāy</i>. The back tendons of the bearers’ feet -were cut. Their feet were not cut off. Erskine translates the passage -rightly, and the I.O. MSS. agree with him. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e4547src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4558" href="#xd24e4558src" name="xd24e4558">12</a></span> This -was the same ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm who was a companion of -K͟husrau, and after his capture was sweated in a skin. As he had -life left in him he escaped from that destruction, and, on being -released, became one of the personal servants, and served His Majesty -till by degrees the latter became gracious to him. (Note of Sayyid -Aḥmad.) <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4558src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="yr5" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e737">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">The Fifth New Year’s Feast from the Auspicious -Accession.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">On Sunday, the 24th Ẕī-l-ḥijja -(20th March, 1610), after two watches and three gharis the sun entered -into the constellation of Aries, which is the house of honour and good -fortune, and at this auspicious hour the New Year’s feast was -arranged at Bāk Bhal, one of the villages of the parganah of -Bārī, and according to the rules of my revered father I -mounted the throne. On that morning, which was the New Year’s Day -that lighted up the world, and coincided with the 1st of Farwardīn -of the 5th year from my accession, I held a public reception, and all -the nobles and servants of the Court had the good fortune to pay their -respects. Some of the nobles’ offerings were laid before me. -K͟hān Aʿz̤am gave a pearl worth 4,000 rupees; -Mirān Ṣadr Jahān, twenty-eight hawks and falcons, and -other gifts; Mahābat K͟hān, two European boxes, the -sides of which were made with slabs of glass, so that whatever was -placed inside could be seen from outside in a way that you might say -there was nothing between them; Kis͟hwar K͟hān, -twenty-two male and female elephants. In the same way each of the -servants of the Court laid before me the presents and offerings that -they had. Naṣru-llah, son of Fatḥu-llah -s͟harbatchī (in charge of the <i>s͟harbat</i>), was -placed in charge of the offerings. By Sārang Deo, who had been -appointed to carry orders to the victorious army of the Deccan, I sent -souvenirs (<i>tabarruk</i>) to <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb166" -href="#pb166" name="pb166">166</a>]</span>Parwīz and to each of -the officers. I presented Ḥusāmu-d-dīn, son of -G͟hāzī K͟hān<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4579src" href="#xd24e4579" name="xd24e4579src">1</a> -Badak͟hs͟hī, who had taken to the ways of a dervish and -seclusion, with 1,000 rupees and a <i>farjī</i> shawl. The day -after the New Year’s Day I mounted and started for a tiger-hunt. -Two males and a female were killed. I gave rewards to the ahadis who -had shown bravery and gone in to the tigers, and increased their -monthly pay. On the 26th of the same month I went and busied myself -mostly with hunting nilgaw. As the air was hot and the (propitious) -hour for re-entering Agra had nearly arrived, I went to -Rūpbās, and hunted antelope in that neighbourhood for some -days. On Saturday, the 1st Muḥarram, 1019, Rūp -K͟hawāṣṣ, who was the founder of -Rūpbās, presented the offering that he had prepared. That -which pleased was accepted and what remained was given him back as a -reward. At the same time Bāyazīd Mankalī and his -brothers, who had come from the Subah of Bengal, were honoured with -paying their respects. Sayyid Ādam, son of Sayyid Qāsim -Bārha, who had come from Ahmadabad, also had the same good -fortune. He presented an elephant as an offering. The faujdārship -of the Subah of Multan was given to Walī Bī Ūzbeg in -place of Tāj K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">On Monday, the 3rd Muḥarram of the 5th year, I -halted at the Mandākar Garden, which is in the neighbourhood of -the city. On the morning on which was the auspicious hour of entry into -the city, after a watch and two gharis had passed I mounted and rode on -a horse to the beginning of the inhabited part, and when I came to the -immediate neighbourhood mounted on an elephant, so that the people from -far and near might see, and scattering money on both sides of the road, -at the hour <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb167" href="#pb167" name= -"pb167">167</a>]</span>that the astrologers had chosen, after midday -had passed, entered with congratulation and happiness the royal palace. -In accordance with the usual custom of the New Year I had ordered them -to decorate the palace, which is like the courts of heaven. After -seeing the decorations, K͟hwāja Jahān laid before me the -offering that he had prepared. Having accepted out of the ornaments and -jewels, dresses and goods, whatever I approved of, I gave the rest as a -reward to him. I had ordered the clerks of the hunting department to -write out (a list of) all the animals that had been killed from the -time of my leaving until I re-entered the city. At this time they -represented that in 56 days 1,362 animals, quadrupeds, and birds had -been killed; the tigers were 7 in number; nilgaw, male and female, 70; -black buck, 51; does and mountain goats and antelope (<i>rojh</i>), -etc., 82; <i>kulang</i> (cranes); peacocks, -<i>surk͟hāb</i>,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4598src" href= -"#xd24e4598" name="xd24e4598src">2</a> and other birds, 129; fish, -1,023. On Friday, the 7th, Muqarrab K͟hān came from the ports -of Cambay and Surat, and had the honour of waiting on me. He had -brought jewels and jewelled things, and vessels of gold and silver made -in Europe, and other beautiful and uncommon presents, male and female -Abyssinian slaves, Arab horses, and things of all kinds that came into -his mind. Thus his presents were laid before me for two and a half -months, and most of them were pleasing to me. On this day Ṣafdar -K͟hān, who held the rank of 1,000 personal and 500 horse, had -an increase of 500 personal and 200 horse, and was presented with a -standard, and given leave to return to his former jagir. Standards were -also given to Kis͟hwar K͟hān and -Farīdūn<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4602src" href="#xd24e4602" -name="xd24e4602src">3</a> K͟hān Barlās. A fighting -elephant for Afẓal K͟hān (Abū-l-faẓl’s -son) was handed over to his son Bis͟hūtan, to take to his -father. I bestowed <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb168" href="#pb168" -name="pb168">168</a>]</span>1,000 rupees on K͟hwāja -Ḥusain, a descendant of K͟hwāja -Muʿīnu-d-dīn Chis͟htī, as was usual for the -half-year. The Khankhanan had sent as an offering a “Yūsuf -and Zulaik͟hā” in the handwriting of Mullā -Mīr ʿAlī,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4607src" href= -"#xd24e4607" name="xd24e4607src">4</a> with illustrations and in a -beautiful gilt binding, worth 1,000 muhrs. This Maʿṣūm, -his Wakil, brought and submitted. Up to the day of culmination, which -is the conclusion of the New Year’s feast, every day many -offerings were laid before me by the Amirs and servants of the Court. -Whichever of the rarities was approved of by me I accepted, and gave -back what was left. On Thursday, the 13th, corresponding to the 19th -Farwardīn, which is the day of culmination of the sun and of -gladness and pleasure, I ordered them to prepare an entertainment of -different kinds of intoxicating drinks, and an order was given to the -Amirs and servants of the Court that everyone might choose the kind of -drink he affected. Many took wine and some <i>mufarriḥ</i> -(exhilarating drinks), whilst some ate what they wished of the -preparations of opium. The assembly was successfully held. -Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān from Gujarat had sent as -an offering a throne of silver, inlaid and painted, of a new fashion -and shape, which was presented to me. A standard was also conferred on -Mahā Singh. In the commencement of my reign I had repeatedly given -orders that no one should make eunuchs or buy or sell them, and whoever -did so would be answerable as a criminal. At this time Afẓal -K͟hān sent some of these evildoers to Court from the Subah of -Behar, who were continually perpetrating this vile offence. I ordered -these unthinking ones (<i>bī-ʿāqibatān</i>) to be -imprisoned for life. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb169" href="#pb169" -name="pb169">169</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">On the night of the 12th an uncommon and strange event -took place. Some Delhi singers (<i>Qawwālān</i>, see Jarrett, -ii, 236) were singing songs in my presence, and Sayyidī<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4622src" href="#xd24e4622" name="xd24e4622src">5</a> -S͟hāh was, by way of buffoonery, mimicking a religious dance. -This verse of Amīr K͟husrau was the refrain -(<i>miyān-k͟hāna</i>) of the song—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Each nation has its right road of faith and its -shrine (<i>qibla-gāhī</i>).</p> -<p class="line">I’ve set up my shrine (<i>qibla</i>) on the path -of him with the cocked cap.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">I asked what was the real meaning of the (last) -hemistich. Mullā ʿAlī Aḥmad,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4641src" href="#xd24e4641" name="xd24e4641src">6</a> the seal -engraver, who in his own craft was one of the first of the age, and had -the title of K͟halīfa, and was an old servant, and with whose -father I had learned when I was little, came forward and said, “I -have heard from my father that one day S͟haik͟h -Niz̤āmu-d-dīn Auliyā had put his cap on the side of -his head, and was sitting on a terraced roof by the bank of the Jumna -and watching the devotions<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4644src" href= -"#xd24e4644" name="xd24e4644src">7</a> of the Hindus. Just then -Amīr K͟husrau appeared, and the S͟haik͟h turned to -him and said, ‘Do you see this crowd,’ and then he recited -this line:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">‘Each race has its right road of faith and its -shrine’ (qibla-gāhī).</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">The Amīr, without hesitating, respectfully -did homage to the S͟haik͟h, and addressing him -said—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">‘I’ve set up my shrine in the direction of -him with the cocked cap.’”<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4655src" href="#xd24e4655" name="xd24e4655src">8</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">The aforesaid Mullā, when these words were -uttered, and the last words of the second hemistich passed over his -tongue, became senseless and fell down. Conceiving <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb170" href="#pb170" name="pb170">170</a>]</span>a -great fear from his falling down, I went to his head. Most of those who -were present doubted whether he had not had an epileptic fit. The -physicians who were present distractedly made inquiry and felt his -pulse and brought medicine. However much they beat their hands and feet -and exerted themselves, he did not come to. Immediately he fell he had -delivered his soul to the Creator. As his body was quite warm, they -thought that possibly some life might be left in him. After a short -time it became evident that the thing was all over and he was dead. -They carried him away dead to his own house. I had never seen this kind -of death, and sent money to his sons for his shroud and burial, and the -next morning they sent him to Delhi and buried him in the burial-place -of his ancestors.</p> -<p class="par">On Friday, the 21st, Kis͟hwar K͟hān, who -held the rank of 1,500, was promoted to 2,000 personal and horse, and, -having been presented with an Iraq horse out of my private stable, a -robe of honour and a private elephant, named -Bak͟ht-jīt,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4667src" href= -"#xd24e4667" name="xd24e4667src">9</a> and the Faujdārship of the -country of Uch, was dismissed with a view to the punishment of the -rebels of that region. Bāyazīd Mankalī, having been -honoured with a robe and a horse, was sent off together with his -brothers in the company of Kis͟hwar K͟hān. An elephant -from my private stud, by name ʿĀlam-gumān, was entrusted -to Habību-llah for Rāja Mān Singh and sent. A special -horse was sent to Bengal for Kes͟ho Dās -Mārū,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4673src" href="#xd24e4673" -name="xd24e4673src">10</a> and a female elephant was now given to -ʿArab K͟hān, the jagirdar of Jalalabad. At this time -Iftik͟har K͟hān had sent an offering of a rare elephant -from Bengal. As I approved of it, it was entered among my private -elephants. I raised the rank of Aḥmad<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4676src" href="#xd24e4676" name="xd24e4676src">11</a> Beg -K͟hān, who <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb171" href="#pb171" -name="pb171">171</a>]</span>had been nominated to the command of the -army of Bangash on account of his good service and that of his sons, -from his original rank of 2,000 personal and 1,500 horse by 500 more -personal. I sent a gold throne<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4681src" -href="#xd24e4681" name="xd24e4681src">12</a> of jewelled work for -Parwīz, and a <i>sarpīch</i>, which was of rubies and pearls, -and made at a cost of 2,000 rupees, was sent for K͟hān -Jahān by the hand of Ḥabīb, son of Sarbarāh -K͟hān, to Burhanpur. At this time it became known that -Kaukab, son of Qamar K͟hān, had become intimate with a -Sanyasi, and by degrees his words, which were all blasphemous and -impious, made an impression on that foolish fellow. He had made -ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf, son of Naqīb K͟hān, and -S͟harīf, his cousins, partners in that error. When this -affair was discovered, with only a slight frightening they revealed -certain circumstances with regard to themselves, the relation of which -would be extremely disgusting. Considering their punishment advisable, -I imprisoned Kaukab<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4690src" href= -"#xd24e4690" name="xd24e4690src">13</a> and S͟harīf after -giving them a whipping, and ordered ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf a -hundred lashes in my presence. This special chastisement (was given) -for the purpose of carrying out the Divine law in order that other -ignorant persons might not be disposed towards the same actions. On -Monday, the 24th, Muʿaz̤z̤am K͟hān was -despatched to Delhi to punish the rebels and disaffected of that -neighbourhood. Two thousand rupees were given to -S͟hajāʿat K͟hān Dakhanī. I had ordered -S͟haik͟h Ḥusain Dars͟hanī to proceed with -certain firmans to Bengal and presents to each of the Amirs of that -Subah. I now gave him his orders and despatched him. With an eye on his -actions and his approved services, I promoted Islām -K͟hān to the rank of 5,000 personal and horse, and bestowed -on him a special dress of honour. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb172" -href="#pb172" name="pb172">172</a>]</span>I gave a special dress of -honour also to Kis͟hwar K͟hān, and presented Rāja -Kalyān with an Iraq horse, and similarly to the other Amirs there -were given robes of honour or horses. Farīdūn Barlās, -who held the rank of 1,500 personal and 1,300 horse, I promoted to -2,000 personal and 1,500 horse.</p> -<p class="par">On the night of Monday, the 1st Ṣafar, through the -carelessness of the servants, a great fire occurred in the house of -K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan, and before they became aware -of it and the fire could be put out many of his properties were burnt. -In order to afford consolation to the mind of the K͟hwāja and -to make up for the loss he had sustained, I gave him 40,000 rupees. On -Saif K͟hān Bārha, who had been cherished and brought up -by me, I bestowed a standard. I increased the rank of -Muʿizzu-l-mulk, who had been appointed to the Diwanship of Kabul, -from his original of 1,000 personal and 225 horse by 200 personal and -275 horse, and dismissed him. The next day I sent a -<i>phūl-kaṭāra</i> (dagger) studded with valuable -jewels to Burhanpur to K͟hān Jahān.</p> -<p class="par">A widow woman complained that Muqarrab K͟hān -had taken her daughter by force in the port of Cambay, and after some -while, during which he had kept her in his own house, when she enquired -for the girl had said that she had died by an unavoidable death. I -ordered an enquiry to be made into the affair. After much search I -discovered that one of his attendants had been guilty of this outrage, -and had him put to death, and reduced Muqarrab K͟hān’s -mansab by one half, and made an allowance to the woman who had been -thus injured.</p> -<p class="par">As on Sunday, the 7th of the month, a -<i>qirān-i-naḥsīn</i> (an unlucky conjunction) had -occurred, I gave alms of gold and silver and other metals, and -different kinds of cereals, to faqirs and indigent people to be divided -in most parts of the dominion. On the night of Monday, the 8th, having -sent for S͟haik͟h Ḥusain Sirhindī and <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb173" href="#pb173" name= -"pb173">173</a>]</span>S͟haik͟h Muṣt̤afā, who -were celebrated for the adoption of the ways of dervishdom and the -state of poverty, a party was held, and by degrees the assembly engaged -warmly in <i>samāʿ</i> and <i>wajd</i> (dervish dancing and -ecstasy). Hilarity and frenzy were not wanting. After the meeting was -over I gave money to each and gave him leave. As Mīrzā -G͟hāzī Beg Tark͟hān repeatedly made -representations with regard to provisions for Qandahar and the monthly -pay of the musketeers of the said fort, I ordered 200,000 rupees to be -sent there from the treasury of Lahore.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4716src" href="#xd24e4716" name="xd24e4716src">14</a></p> -<p class="par">On the 19th Urdibihis͟ht, in the fifth year of my -reign, corresponding with the 4th Ṣafar, there occurred a strange -affair at Patna, which is the seat of government of the province of -Behar. Afẓal K͟hān, the governor of the Subah, went off -to the jagir to which he had just been appointed, and which was at a -distance of 60 kos from Patna, and handed over the fort and the city to -the charge of S͟haik͟h Banārasī and -G͟hiyās̤ Zain-k͟hānī, the Diwan of the -Subah, and to a number of other mansabdars. With the idea that there -were no enemies in that region he did not satisfy himself as he should -have with regard to the protection of the fort and city. By chance, at -that time an unknown man of the name of Qut̤b belonging to the -people of Uch, who was a mischievous and seditious fellow, came to the -province of Ujjainiyya,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4721src" href= -"#xd24e4721" name="xd24e4721src">15</a> which is in the neighbourhood -of Patna, with the look of a dervish and the clothes of a beggar, and -having made acquaintance with men of that part, who were always -seditious, represented to them that he was K͟husrau, who had -escaped from prison and conveyed himself there; saying that if they -would accompany and assist him, after the affair had been completed -they would be the ministers of his State. In <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb174" href="#pb174" name= -"pb174">174</a>]</span>short, deceiving those simpletons with foolish -words he brought them over to him and persuaded them that he was -K͟husrau. He showed those deceived ones the parts about his eyes, -where at some time he had produced scars, of which the marks were still -apparent, and told them that in the prison they had fastened cups -(<i>kaṭorī</i>) on them and those were the marks.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4729src" href="#xd24e4729" name= -"xd24e4729src">16</a> Through these falsehoods and deceit a number of -foot- and horsemen had collected round him, and had obtained -information that Afẓal K͟hān was not at Patna. -Considering this a great opportunity, they made a raid, and when two or -three hours of the day had passed on Sunday came to the city, and being -hindered by nothing went for the fort. S͟haik͟h -Banārasī, who was in the fort, obtaining news of this, went -in a disturbed state to the gate of the fort. The enemy, who came on -with speed, did not give him time to close the gate of the fort. -Together with G͟hiyās̤, he betook himself to the side of -the river by a wicket gate, and procuring a boat proposed to go to -Afẓal K͟hān. Those rebels came with ease into the fort -and took possession of Afẓal K͟hān’s property and -the royal treasury; and some of those wretched creatures who wait on -events, who were in the city and its neighbourhood, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb175" href="#pb175" name= -"pb175">175</a>]</span>joined them. This news reached Afẓal -K͟hān at Gorakhpur (K͟harakpūr),<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e4738src" href="#xd24e4738" name="xd24e4738src">17</a> and -S͟haik͟h Banārasī and G͟hiyās̤ also -came to him there by way of the river. Letters came from the city that -this wretch, who called himself K͟husrau, was in reality not -K͟husrau. Afẓal K͟hān, placing his trust on the -grace and mercy of Allah, and through my good fortune, started without -delay against those rebels. In five days he reached the neighbourhood -of Patna. When the news of Afẓal K͟hān’s coming -reached those scoundrels, they entrusted the fort to one of those whom -they had confidence in, and the horse and foot arraying themselves went -out for four kos to meet Afẓal K͟hān. A fight took -place on the bank of the river Pūn Pūn, and after a slight -skirmish the array of those ill-fated ones was broken and they became -scattered. In great bewilderment a second time that wretch was coming -into the fort with a few men. Afẓal K͟hān followed him, -and did not allow them to close the gate of the fort. Going to -Afẓal K͟hān’s house in a state of confusion, they -fortified the house and remained there for three watches, and fought. -They wounded about thirty people with arrows. After his companions had -gone to <i>jahannam</i> (hell) he himself became helpless, and asked -for quarter, and waited upon Afẓal K͟hān. In order to -put a stop to this affair, Afẓal K͟hān executed him on -the same day, and imprisoned some of his companions who had fallen -alive into his hand. These items of news one after another reached the -royal ear. I summoned to Agra S͟haik͟h Banārasī and -G͟hiyās̤ Zain-k͟hānī and the other -mansabdars who had made default in holding the fort and protecting the -city, and ordered their hair and beards <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb176" href="#pb176" name="pb176">176</a>]</span>to be cut off, and -that they should be clothed in women’s clothes, seated on asses, -and paraded round the city of Agra and in the bazars, as a warning and -example to others.</p> -<p class="par">At this time representations succeeded each other from -Parwīz and the Amirs appointed to the Deccan and those who were -well-wishers of the State, that ʿĀdil K͟hān -Bījāpūrī prayed that they would send to him -Mīr Jamālu-d-dīn Ḥusain Injū, on whose words -and acts all the rulers of the Deccan had great reliance, that he might -associate himself with them and dispel the fear in their minds, and the -affairs of that place might be arranged as it might seem proper to -ʿĀdil K͟hān, who had chosen the way of loyalty and -service. In any case, he might drive out of their minds the fear that -was in them, and soothing them might give him hopes of the royal -favour. In order to obtain this end, on the 16th of the same month I -despatched the above-mentioned Mīr, giving him a present of 10,000 -rupees. I increased the former rank of Qāsim K͟hān, -which was 1,000 personal and 500 horse, by 500 personal and horse, in -order that he might go to the support of his brother Islām -K͟hān in Bengal. At the same time, in order to punish -Bikramājīt, Zamindar of the province -Bāndhū,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4748src" href="#xd24e4748" -name="xd24e4748src">18</a> who had withdrawn his foot from the circle -of obedience and service, I appointed Mahā Singh, grandson of -Rāja Mān Singh, to proceed to put down the disaffection in -that region and at the same time administer the estate of the jagir of -the Raja, which was in that neighbourhood.</p> -<p class="par">On the 20th of the month I gave an elephant to -S͟hajāʿat K͟hān Dakhanī. As the governor -of Jalalabad had written and represented the ruinous state of the fort -of that place, I ordered what might be required for the repair of the -said fort to be taken from the treasury of <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb177" href="#pb177" name= -"pb177">177</a>]</span>Lahore. Iftik͟hār K͟hān had -done approved service in Bengal. On the request of the governor of that -Subah I increased his original rank, which was 1,500, by 500. On the -28th a representation came from ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān -Fīrūz-jang, containing recommendations in favour of some of -the zealous servants who had been sent with him to subdue the rebel -Rānā. As G͟haznīn K͟hān Jālwarī -had shown the greatest zeal of all in this service, I increased by 500 -personal and 400 horse his former rank, which was 1,500 personal and -300 horse. In the same manner each one of those persons was promoted -according to his services.</p> -<p class="par">Daulat K͟hān, who had been sent to Allahabad -to bring the throne of black stone, came on Wednesday, the 4th of the -month of Mihr (15th September, 1610), and had an audience and brought -the stone safe and sound. In truth it was a wonderful slab, very black -and shining. Many say it is of a species of touchstone; in length it -was one-eighth less than four cubits, and in breadth 2½ cubits -and one <i>tasū</i>,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4760src" href= -"#xd24e4760" name="xd24e4760src">19</a> whilst its thickness may be -three <i>tasū</i>. I ordered stone-cutters to carve suitable -couplets on the sides of it. They had attached feet to it of the same -kind of stone. I often sat on that throne.</p> -<p class="par">As the brothers of K͟hān ʿĀlam -became security for him, I brought out of prison -ʿAbdu-s-Subḥān K͟hān, who was in confinement -for certain offences, and promoted him to the rank of 1,000 personal -and 400 horse, and appointed him to the faujdārship of the Subah -of Allahabad, and gave him the jagir of Qāsim K͟hān, the -brother of Islām <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb178" href= -"#pb178" name="pb178">178</a>]</span>K͟hān. I sent Tarbiyat -K͟hān to the faujdārship of the Sarkar of Alwar. On the -12th of the same month a representation arrived from K͟hān -Jahān that the Khankhanan, according to my order, had started for -the Court in company with Mahābat K͟hān, and that -Mīr Jamālu-d-dīn Ḥusain, who had been nominated by -the Court to go to Bijapur, had also gone from Burhanpur, together with -the wakils of ʿĀdil K͟hān, to Bijapur. On the 21st -of the same month I promoted Murtaẓā K͟hān to the -subadarship of the Panjab, which is one of the largest charges in my -dominions, and gave him a special shawl. Having appointed Tāj -K͟hān, who was in the Subah of Multan to the governorship of -Kabul, I added 500 horse to the rank of 3,000 personal and 1,500 horse -already held by him. At the request of ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān -Fīrūz-jang, the son of Rānā Shankar was also -promoted in rank. When Mahābat K͟hān, who had been sent -to Burhanpur to ascertain the numbers of the forces of the Amirs -appointed to the Deccan, and to bring the Khankhanan, arrived in the -neighbourhood of Agra, he left the Khankhanan some stages off the city -and came on in front himself, and was honoured with the good fortune of -paying his respects and kissing the threshold. After a few days, on the -12th Ābān, the Khankhanan came and waited on me. As many of -those who were loyal had represented the state of his affairs whether -true or false, according to their ideas, and I was displeased with him, -because the degree of favour and regard that I previously had observed -in his case and that I had seen in my revered father had not produced -its effect, I did justice in the matter, for previously to this a -letter of appointment to the service of the Deccan for a certain time -had been given to him, and he had proceeded there in attendance on -Sult̤ān Parwīz with other nobles for that important -matter. After he arrived at Burhanpur he had not looked to the -opportuneness of the time, and at an <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb179" href="#pb179" name="pb179">179</a>]</span>improper season for -moving, and when forage and other necessaries had not been laid in, he -had taken Sult̤ān Parwīz and his forces above the Ghats, -and by degrees, in consequence of want of concert among the Sardars and -his treachery, and of conflicting opinions, things had come to such a -pass that grain was obtained with difficulty, and not a <i>mān</i> -was to be got for large sums of money. The affairs of the army became -so confused that nothing went on properly, and horses, camels, and -other four-footed beasts died. In consequence of the exigency of the -time he had patched up a kind of peace with the enemy and withdrawn -Sult̤ān Parwīz and the army to Burhanpur. As this -business did not turn out well, all the well-wishers of the State knew -that this division (of counsels) and confusion had arisen from -treachery and want of arrangement of the Khankhanan, and represented -this to the Court. Although this appeared altogether incredible, at -last this impression was left upon my mind, and a representation came -from K͟hān Jahān to the effect that all this mischief -and confusion had arisen through the treachery of the Khankhanan; -either this service should be left entirely in his control, or, -summoning him to Court, I should appoint to this duty this man whom I -had myself cherished and brought up, and appoint 30,000 horse to -support this slave (K͟hān Jahān himself), in order that -in the space of two years, having freed the whole of the royal -province, now in the possession of the enemy, and having brought the -fort of Qandahar<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4781src" href="#xd24e4781" -name="xd24e4781src">20</a> and other forts on the border into the -occupation of the servants of the Court, he should include in the royal -dominions the province of Bijapur. If he did not complete this service -in that time, he might be debarred from the good fortune of paying his -respects (to me) and would not show his face to the servants of -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb180" href="#pb180" name= -"pb180">180</a>]</span>the Court. When the relations between the -Sardars and the Khankhanan reached this point, I did not consider it -advisable for him to be there any longer, and handed over the command -to K͟hān Jahān and sent for him to Court. In reality the -cause of my disinclination and want of favour to him was this. The -degree of inclination and disinclination towards him in future will be -in accordance with whatever may become clear.</p> -<p class="par">I favoured and promoted Sayyid ʿAlī -Bārha, who is one of our distinguished young men, with an increase -of 500 personal and 200 horse beyond his previous rank, which was 1,000 -personal and 500 horse, and gave Dārāb K͟hān, son -of the Khankhanan, the rank of 1,000 personal and 500 horse, with the -Sarkar of Ghazipur as his jagir. Previously to this I had had the -daughter of Mīrzā Muz̤affar Ḥusain, son of -Sult̤ān Ḥusain Mīrzā Ṣafawī, ruler -of Qandahar, betrothed to my son Sult̤ān K͟hurram, and -on this date, the 17th Ābān, as the marriage meeting had been -arranged, I went to the house of Bābā K͟hurram and -passed the night there. I presented most of the Amirs with robes of -honour. Some of those confined in the fort of Gwalior I released, and -especially Ḥājī Mīrak. Islām K͟hān -had collected 100,000 rupees from the <i>k͟hāliṣa</i> -(directly managed) parganahs. As he was at the head of the army and the -service, I handed this over to him as a present. Giving a little gold -and silver and some of every kind of jewellery and grain to trustworthy -men, I determined that they should distribute them to the poor of Agra. -On the same day a report came from K͟hān Jahān that -Īraj, the son of the Khankhanan, had obtained leave from the -prince, and according to orders he had despatched him to Court. With -regard to what had been ordered in the case of Abū-l-fatḥ, -of Bijapur, as the above-mentioned was an experienced man, and his -being sent would cause despair to the other Sardars of the Deccan to -whom promises had been made, he <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb181" -href="#pb181" name="pb181">181</a>]</span>had (therefore) kept him -under surveillance.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4793src" href= -"#xd24e4793" name="xd24e4793src">21</a> An order had been sent that as -Kes͟ho Dās, the son of Rāy Kalah(?), was in the service -of Parwīz, if any impediment should occur in sending him, he -(K͟hān Jahān) should despatch him whether he wished it -or not. Immediately on this becoming known to Parwīz, he gave him -leave and said to K͟hān Jahān: “These few words -from my mouth thou wilt represent, that as I would give my existence -and life for the service of my visible God (Jahāngīr), what -is there in the being or annihilation of Kes͟ho Dās<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4796src" href="#xd24e4796" name= -"xd24e4796src">22</a> that I should show any resistance in sending him? -When they (i.e. the king) send for my confidential servants for any -reason it produces a feeling of hopelessness and disquietude of mind in -the rest, and becoming known in these regions gives an idea of -disfavour on the part of our lord and Qibla (place looked towards in -worship). As for the rest, it is His Majesty’s order.” From -the date on which the fort of Ahmadnagar, by the efforts of my deceased -brother Dāniyāl, came into the possession of the heads of the -victorious State, up till now, the guardianship and preservation of -that place had been entrusted to K͟hwāja Beg Mīrzā -Ṣafawī, who was a relative of the asylum of pardon -S͟hāh T̤ahmāsp. After the disturbance of the rebel -Deccanis went to a great length, and they besieged the said fort, he -had committed no fault in the duties of devotedness and holding of the -fort. When the Khankhanan and the Amirs and other leaders who had -assembled at Burhanpur in waiting on Parwīz devoted themselves to -the driving back and defeat of the rebels, and from the differences of -opinion and quarrels of the Amirs, and the absence of provision of -forage and grain, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb182" href="#pb182" -name="pb182">182</a>]</span>those who looked after matters of -importance brought this large army into improper roads and among hills -and difficult passes, they in a short space of time rendered it -wretched and impotent, and matters had come to such a pass and the -difficulty with regard to grain was such that they were giving a life -for a loaf. They then turned back helplessly with their objects -unfulfilled. The garrison of the fort, who were expecting aid from this -army, on hearing this news, lost heart and stability, and tumultuously -wished to vacate the fort at once. When K͟hwāja Beg -Mīrzā became aware of this he endeavoured to soothe and quiet -the men, but though he did his best it had no good result. At last, -under an agreement, he vacated the fort, and proceeded to Burhanpur, -and on the day mentioned waited on the prince. Representations with -regard to his coming reached me, and, as it was clear that he had not -been wanting in bravery and loyalty, I ordered his rank of 5,000 -personal and horse to be confirmed and a jagir to be given him. On the -9th a petition came from some of the Amirs in the Deccan that on the -22nd S͟haʿbān Mīr Jamālu-d-dīn -Ḥusain had gone to Bijapur. ʿĀdil K͟hān sent -his wakil forward for 20 kos, and himself received him at a distance of -3 kos, and took the Mīr by the same road to his own residence.</p> -<p class="par">As the desire to hunt overcame me, at a propitious hour -determined by the astrologers, when a watch and six gharis had passed -on the night of Friday, the 15th Ramaẓān, corresponding with -the 10th Āẕar in the 5th year (of my reign), I started to -hunt, and made my first halt in the Dahrah Garden, which is near the -city. At this stage I gave Mīr ʿAlī Akbar leave to go -into the city after bestowing on him 2,000 rupees and a special warm -wrapper (<i>fargul</i>). In order that the grain and cultivation should -not be trodden down by my men I ordered that all should remain in the -city but the men who were actually wanted and my personal servants. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb183" href="#pb183" name= -"pb183">183</a>]</span>Having entrusted the charge of the city to -K͟hwāja Jahān I gave him his leave. On the 14th -Saʿdu-llah K͟hān, son of Saʿīd -K͟hān, was given an elephant. On the 28th, corresponding with -the 21st Ramaẓān, forty-four elephants, which -Hās͟him K͟hān, son of Qāsim K͟hān, -had sent as an offering from Orissa, were produced before me. Of these -one was very good and tame; this one I put in my private stud. On the -28th an eclipse (of the sun, <i>kusūf</i>) took place, in order to -do away with the unluckiness of which I weighed myself against gold and -silver; it came to 1,800 tolas of gold and 4,900 rupees. This, along -with several kinds of vegetables and sorts of animals such as elephants -and horses and cattle, I ordered to be divided among deserving people -who were unprovided for and helpless poor of the city of Agra and other -cities in the neighbourhood.</p> -<p class="par">As the affairs of the army which had been nominated for -the subjugation of the Deccan under the command of Parwīz, and -leadership of the Khankhanan and other high Amirs such as Rāja -Mān Singh, K͟hān Jahān, Āṣaf -K͟hān, the Amīru-l-umarā, and other mansabdars, and -other leaders of every tribe and condition, had ended in this, that -they had turned back from half-way and returned to Burhanpur, and all -the confidential servants and news-writers who spoke the truth had sent -in reports to the Court, that although there were many causes for the -ruin of this army, yet the chief reason was the disagreement of the -Amirs, especially the treachery of the Khankhanan, it came into my mind -that I must send K͟hān Aʿz̤am with another fresh -and powerful army to make amends for and set to rights some of the -improper proceedings that had arisen from the disagreement of the Amirs -that has been described. On the 11th of Day he (K͟hān -Aʿz̤am) was honoured with the charge of this duty, and an -order was given to the Diwans to make preparations and send him off -quickly. I appointed K͟hān ʿĀlam, Farīdūn -K͟hān <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb184" href="#pb184" -name="pb184">184</a>]</span>Barlās, Yūsuf K͟hān, -son of Ḥusain K͟hān Tukriyah, ʿAlī -K͟hān Niyāzī, Bāz Bahādur Qalmāq, -and other mansabdars, near to the number of 10,000 horse, to accompany -him. It was settled that in addition to the ahadis who were appointed -to this duty 2,000 others should accompany him, making altogether -12,000 horse. Having sent with him thirty lakhs of rupees and several -elephants, I gave him his leave and presented him with a magnificent -dress of honour, a jewelled sword-belt, a horse with a jewelled -saddle<span class="corr" id="xd24e4815" title="Not in source">,</span> -a private elephant, and 500,000 rupees for expenses. An order was given -that the chiefs of the civil department should recover this from his -jagir. The Amirs who were under his orders were honoured with robes of -honour, horses, and presents. I increased by 500 more horse the rank -held by Mahābat K͟hān, of 4,000 personal and 3,000 -horse, and ordered him to conduct K͟hān Aʿz̤am and -this army to Burhanpur, and having enquired into (the circumstances of) -the destruction of the army, should give the order of the appointment -of the K͟hān Aʿz̤am to the Amirs of those regions -and make them of one purpose and counsel with him. He was to see the -state of preparation of the army of those parts, and after arranging -all matters should bring the Khankhanan with him to Court. On Sunday, -the 4th S͟hawwal, when near the end of the day, I engaged in a -cheetah hunt. I had determined that on this day and Thursdays no -animals should be killed and I would eat no meat, on Sunday especially -because of the respect my revered father had for that day in not being -inclined to eat flesh on it, and in forbidding the killing of any -animals for the reason that on the night of Sunday his own honoured -birth had taken place. He used to say it was better on that day that -all animals should be free from the calamity of those of a butcherly -disposition. Thursday is the day of my accession. On that day also I -ordered that animals should not be killed, so that whilst sporting -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb185" href="#pb185" name= -"pb185">185</a>]</span>I should not shoot an arrow or a gun at wild -animals. In hunting with cheetahs Anūp Rāy, who is one of my -close attendants, was heading the men who were with him in the hunt at -a little distance<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4820src" href="#xd24e4820" -name="xd24e4820src">23</a> from me and came to a tree on which some -kites were sitting. When his sight fell on those kites he took a bow -and some pointless arrows (<i>tukkā</i>) and went towards them. By -chance in the neighbourhood of that tree he saw a half-eaten bullock. -Near it a huge, powerful tiger got up out of a clump that was near and -went off. Though not more than two gharis of day remained, as he knew -my liking for tiger-hunting, he and some of those who were with him -surrounded the tiger and sent some one to me to give me the news. When -it reached me I rode there at once in a state of excitement and at full -speed, and Bābā K͟hurram, Rām Dās, -Iʿtimād Rāy, Ḥayāt K͟hān, and one -or two others went with me. On arriving I saw the tiger standing in the -shade of a tree, and wished to fire at him from horseback but found -that my horse was unsteady, and dismounted and aimed and fired my gun. -As I was standing on a height and the tiger below, I did not know -whether it had struck him or not. In a moment of excitement I fired the -gun again, and I think that this time I hit him. The tiger rose and -charged, and wounding the chief huntsman, who had a falcon on his wrist -and happened to be in front of him, sat down again in his own place. In -this state of affairs, placing another gun on a tripod,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e4838src" href="#xd24e4838" name= -"xd24e4838src">24</a> I took aim (<i>majrā <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb186" href="#pb186" name= -"pb186">186</a>]</span>giriftam</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e4848src" -href="#xd24e4848" name="xd24e4848src">25</a>). Anūp Rāy stood -holding the rest, and had a sword in his belt and a baton -(<i>kutaka</i>) in his hand. Bābā K͟hurram was a short -distance off to my left, and Rām Dās and other servants -behind him. Kamāl the huntsman (<i>qarāwul</i>) loaded the -gun and placed it in my hand. When I was about to fire, the tiger came -roaring towards us and charged. I immediately fired. The ball passed -through the tiger’s mouth and teeth. The noise of the gun made -him very savage, and the servants who had crowded together could not -stand his charge and fell over one another, so that I, through their -pushing and shock, was moved a couple of paces from my place and fell -down. In fact, I am sure that two or three of them placed their feet on -my chest and passed over me. Iʿtimād Rāy and the -huntsman Kamāl assisting me, I stood up. At this moment the tiger -made for those who were on the left-hand side. Anūp Rāy let -the rest slip out of his hand and turned towards the tiger. The tiger, -with the same activity with which he had charged, turned on him, and he -manfully faced him, and struck him twice with both hands on the head -with the stick he had in his hand. The tiger, opening his mouth, seized -both of Anūp Rāy’s arms with it, and bit them so that -his teeth passed through both, but the stick and the bracelets on his -arms were helpful, and did not allow his arms to be destroyed. From the -attack and pushing of the tiger Anūp Rāy fell down between -the tiger’s fore-feet, so that his head and face were opposite -the tiger’s chest. At this moment Bābā K͟hurram -and Rām Dās came up to the assistance of Anūp Rāy. -The prince struck the tiger on the loins with his sword, and Rām -Dās also struck him twice with his sword, once on the -shoulder-blade. On the whole it was very warm work, and -Ḥayāt K͟hān struck the tiger several blows over -the head with a stick he had in his hand. Anūp Rāy with force -dragged his arms out of the tiger’s mouth <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb187" href="#pb187" name="pb187">187</a>]</span>and -struck him two or three times on the cheek with his fist, and rolling -over on his side stood up by the force of his knees. At the time of -withdrawing his arms from the tiger’s mouth, as his teeth had -passed through them, they were partly torn, and both his paws passed -over his shoulders. When he stood up, the tiger also stood up and -wounded him on the chest with his claws, so that those wounds troubled -him for some days. As the ground was uneven, they rolled over each -other, holding on like two wrestlers. In the place where I was standing -the ground was quite level. Anūp Rāy says that God Almighty -gave him so much intelligence that he bore the tiger over deliberately -to<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4865src" href="#xd24e4865" name= -"xd24e4865src">26</a> one side (in the original, that side), and that -he knew no more. At this time the tiger left him and was making off. He -in that state of bewilderment raised up his sword and followed him and -struck him on the head. When the tiger turned his face round, he struck -him another blow on the face, so that both his eyes were cut, and the -skin of the eyebrows, which had been severed by the sword, fell over -his eyes. In this state of affairs, a lamp-man of the name of -Ṣāliḥ, as it was time to light the lamps, came in a -hurry and by a blind chance<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4868src" href= -"#xd24e4868" name="xd24e4868src">27</a> came across the tiger. The -tiger struck him one blow with his paw and knocked him down. To fall -and give up his life were the same thing. Other people came in and -finished the tiger’s business. As Anūp Rāy had done -this service to me and I had witnessed the way in which he offered his -life, after he had recovered from the pain of his wounds and had the -honour of waiting on me, I bestowed on him the title of -Anīrāʾī <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb188" href= -"#pb188" name="pb188">188</a>]</span>Singh-dalan. -Anīrāʾī<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4878src" href= -"#xd24e4878" name="xd24e4878src">28</a> they call in the Hindi language -the leader of an army, and the meaning of Singh-dalan is a -tiger-slayer. Giving him a special sword of my own, I increased his -mansab. I gave K͟hurram, son of K͟hān Aʿz̤am, -who had been appointed to the governorship of the province of Junagadh, -the title of Kāmil K͟hān. On Sunday, the 3rd -Ẕī-l-qaʿda, I employed myself in fishing, and 766 fish -were caught; these were divided in my presence among the Amirs, -<i>Ibachkiān</i> (?),<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4884src" href= -"#xd24e4884" name="xd24e4884src">29</a> and most of the servants. I eat -no fish but those that have scales, but not because the professors of -the Shiah faith look on those without scales as unlawful, but the cause -of my aversion is this, that I have heard from old men, and it has -become known to me by experience as well, that fish without scales eat -the flesh of dead animals and fish with scales do not eat it. From this -cause, to eat them is contrary to my disposition. The Shiahs -know<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4897src" href="#xd24e4897" name= -"xd24e4897src">30</a> why they do not eat them and for what reason they -consider them unlawful. One of my home-bred camels that was with me in -the hunt carried five nilgaws that weighed 42 Hindustani maunds. I had -before this sent for Naz̤īrī of Nīshāpūr, -who excelled other men in the art of poetry, and passed his time in -Gujarat as a merchant. At this time he came and waited on me, and -imitating a poem of Anwarī,</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Again, what youth and beauty this is for the -world!”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first xd24e4904">laid before me a poem that he had -composed on me. I presented him with 1,000 rupees, a horse, and a robe -of honour as a gift for this poem. I had also sent for Ḥakīm -Hamīd Gujarātī, whom Murtaẓā K͟hān -greatly <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb189" href="#pb189" name= -"pb189">189</a>]</span>praised, and he came and waited on me. His good -qualities and purity were better than his doctoring. He waited on me -for some time. When it became known that there was no physician but -himself in Gujarat, and I found he himself desired leave to go, I gave -him and his sons 1,000 rupees and some shawls, and set aside a whole -village for his maintenance; he went off to his native place quite -happy. Yūsuf K͟hān, son of Ḥusain K͟hān -Tukriyah, came from his jagir and waited on me. On Thursday, the 10th -Ẕī-l-ḥijja, was the festival of the Qurbān (the -sacrifice of Ishmael). As it is forbidden to take life on that day -(Thursday), I ordered that on the Friday they should kill the -sacrificial animals. Having sacrificed three sheep with my own hand, I -mounted to go hunting, and returned when six gharis of night had -passed. On this day was killed a nilgaw (commonly called blue bull) of -the weight of 9 maunds and 35 seers. The story of this nilgaw is -written because it is not devoid of strangeness. In the two past years, -during which I had come to this same place to wander about and hunt I -had shot at him each time with a gun. As the wounds were not in a fatal -place, he had not fallen, but gone off. This time again I saw that -nilgaw in the hunting-ground (<i>s͟hikārgāh</i>), and -the watchman recognized that in the two previous years he had gone away -wounded. In short, I fired at him again three times on that day. It was -in vain. I pursued him rapidly on foot for three kos, but however much -I exerted myself I could not catch him. At last I made a vow that if -this nilgaw fell I would have his flesh cooked, and for the soul of -K͟hwāja Muʿīnu-d-dīn would give it to eat to -poor people. I also vowed a muhr and one rupee to my revered father. -Soon after this the nilgaw became worn out with moving, and I ran to -his head and ordered them to make it lawful (cut its throat in the name -of Allah) on the spot, and having brought it to the camp I fulfilled my -vow as I had proposed. They cooked <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb190" -href="#pb190" name="pb190">190</a>]</span>the nilgaw, and expending the -muhr and rupee on sweets. I assembled poor and hungry people and -divided them among them in my own presence. Two or three days -afterwards I saw another nilgaw. However much I exerted myself and -wished he would stand still in one place, so that I might fire at him, -I could get no chance. With my gun on my shoulder I followed him till -near evening until it was sunset, and despaired of killing him. -Suddenly it came across my tongue, “K͟hwāja, this -nilgaw also is vowed to you.” My speaking and his sitting down -were at one and the same moment. I fired at and hit him, and ordered -him, like the first nilgaw, to be cooked and given to the poor to eat. -On Saturday, the 19th Ẕī-l-ḥijja, I fished again. This -time about 330 fish were caught. On the night of Wednesday, the -28th<a class="noteref" id="xd24e4913src" href="#xd24e4913" name= -"xd24e4913src">31</a> of the same month, I encamped at -Rūpbās. As this was one of my fixed hunting-places and there -was an order that no one should hunt in the neighbourhood, a great -number of antelope had come together in the desert there, so much so -that they came into the inhabited parts and were not subject to any -kind of molestation. I hunted for two or three days in those desert -plains, and shot, and hunted with cheetahs many antelopes. As the hour -for entering the city was near, making two halts on the way, I alighted -on the night of Thursday, the 2nd Muharram, in the year 1020 (17th -March, 1611), at the garden of ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq -Maʿmūrī, which is near, in fact close to, the city. On -this night many of the servants of the Court, such as K͟hwāja -Jahān, Daulat K͟hān, and a number who had remained in -the city, came and waited on me. Īraj also, whom I had sent for -from the Subah of the Deccan, had the honour of kissing the threshold. -I stayed in that garden also on the Friday. On that day -ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq presented his own offerings. As this was the -last day for hunting, an order was given <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb191" href="#pb191" name="pb191">191</a>]</span>that the duration of -the hunt and the number of animals killed should be counted up to me. -The time of the hunt was from the 9th of the month of Āẕar -to the 29th Isfandārmuẕ of the 5th year, or three months and -twenty days. In this time tigers 12, deer (<i>gāwzan</i>) 1, -<i>chikārah</i> (gazelle) 44, <i>kūtāh-pācha</i> -(hog-deer) 1 head, fawns 2 head, black buck 68 head, does 31 head, -foxes 4, <i>kūrāra</i> deer 8, <i>pātal</i> (?) 1, bears -5, hyænas 3, hares 6, nilgaw 108, fish 1,096, eagle 1, bustard 1, -peafowl 5, herons 5, partridges 5, brahminī ducks -(<i>surk͟hāb</i>) 1, <i>sāras</i> 5, <i>dhīk</i> -(?) 1; total, 1,414.</p> -<p class="par">On Saturday, the 29th Isfandārmuẕ, -corresponding to the 4th Muḥarram, I mounted an elephant and went -to the city. From the garden of ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq to the palace -the distance is a kos and 20 <i>tanāb</i>. I scattered 1,500 -rupees to the crowd. At the fixed hour I entered the palace. The bazars -had been decorated with cloths after the manner of the New Year’s -feast. As at the hunting-time an order had been given to -K͟hwāja Jahān to prepare in the <i>Maḥall</i> -(Zenanah) a building fit for me to sit in, the said K͟hwāja -had in the space of three months prepared and brought to perfection -this kind of lofty building, and with folded hands (in humility) had -done exceedingly active work. Coming off the dust of the road I entered -that Paradise-like building and went to look round that abode, and it -was very much to my taste. K͟hwāja Jahān was dignified -with much praise and commendation. The offerings he had prepared were -displayed to me in the same building. Some of these were approved and -accepted and the remainder presented to him.</p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4579" href="#xd24e4579src" name="xd24e4579">1</a></span> -G͟hāzī K͟hān was one of the famous officers of -Akbar. Ḥusām his son was married to -Abū-l-faẓl’s sister. See Blochmann, p. -440. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4579src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4598" href="#xd24e4598src" name="xd24e4598">2</a></span> Brahmini -ducks. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4598src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4602" href="#xd24e4602src" name="xd24e4602">3</a></span> A son of -Akbar’s officer, Muḥammad Qulī Barlās (Blochmann, -pp. 342 and 478). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4602src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4607" href="#xd24e4607src" name="xd24e4607">4</a></span> Mīr -ʿAlī was a famous calligrapher. See Rieu, Cat., ii, 531. Can -the copy mentioned by Jahāngīr be that in the Bodleian -Library, which Sir W. Jones praised so highly? A writer in the Journal -of the Moslem Institute for January-March, 1907, p. 186, suggests that -the copy is in the Bankipur Library. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4607src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4622" href="#xd24e4622src" name="xd24e4622">5</a></span> The -Iqbāl-nāma, p. 41, has S͟hayyādī, ‘a -dervish, a hypocrite,’ and the R.A.S. MS. has Sayyidī -S͟hayyād. S͟hayyād is used at p. 60 to mean an -impostor. Here, perhaps, it would mean a buffoon. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e4622src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4641" href="#xd24e4641src" name="xd24e4641">6</a></span> -ʿAlī Aḥmad’s father was S͟haik͟h -Ḥusain. See Blochmann, p. 53. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4641src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4644" href="#xd24e4644src" name="xd24e4644">7</a></span> It was -the bathing of the Hindus that the saint was watching. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e4644src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4655" href="#xd24e4655src" name="xd24e4655">8</a></span> The -point of Amīr K͟husrau’s hemistich is that -<i>kaj-kulāh</i> literally means ‘the awry cap,’ and -so refers to the saint, who had his cap on his ear or on the side of -his head. But it also means one who is presumptuous, and has left the -true path of religion. It also means, according to Steingass, a beloved -person. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4655src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4667" href="#xd24e4667src" name="xd24e4667">9</a></span> I.O. MS. -181 has <i>Tak͟ht-i-bak͟ht</i> (Throne of -fortune). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4667src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4673" href="#xd24e4673src" name="xd24e4673">10</a></span> -Kes͟ho Dās was perhaps the father of Karamsī, one of -Akbar’s wives. See Blochmann, p. 310. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e4673src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4676" href="#xd24e4676src" name="xd24e4676">11</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 465. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4676src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4681" href="#xd24e4681src" name="xd24e4681">12</a></span> -<i>Tak͟htī</i>, qu. a signet? <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4681src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4690" href="#xd24e4690src" name="xd24e4690">13</a></span> Kaukab -is mentioned again at the end of the twelfth year. For notice of his -father see Blochmann, p. 485. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4690src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4716" href="#xd24e4716src" name="xd24e4716">14</a></span> Elliot, -vi, 321. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4716src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4721" href="#xd24e4721src" name="xd24e4721">15</a></span> -Ujjainiyya here means Bhojpūr. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4721src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4729" href="#xd24e4729src" name="xd24e4729">16</a></span> -Apparently we may infer from this that Jahāngīr did blind or -attempt to blind his son K͟husrau, though he says nothing about -it. Else why should this impostor pretend that he had marks of the -blinding? Tavernier says K͟husrau was blinded. Du Jarric also -tells us that Jahāngīr blinded K͟husrau on his way back -from Kabul, when he came to the place where K͟husrau had fought -the battle. He was blinded by some juice of a plant being poured into -his eyes. The juice resembled milk (qu. <i>Euphorbia</i>). One of his -captains, who was also a judge, was likewise blinded there along with -his son. W. Finch, too, speaks of this outbreak. He also says that -K͟husrau was reported to have been blinded on the battlefield with -a glass. Another story was that Jahāngīr merely caused a -handkerchief to be tied over his eyes and had it sealed with his own -seal. It is mentioned in Whiteway’s “Rise of the Portuguese -Power in India,” p. 165, note, that fifteen relatives of the King -of Ormuz had been blinded by red-hot bowls having been passed close to -their eyes. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4729src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4738" href="#xd24e4738src" name="xd24e4738">17</a></span> -K͟harakpūr. The word is written Gorak͟hpur in some MSS., -but I think it is clear that K͟harakpūr is the place meant, -for ʿAbdu-r-Raḥmān had lately got Sangrām’s -estate of K͟harakpūr in jagir. The fact, too, that he fought -with the impostor at the Pūn Pūn to the east of Patna shows -that he was coming back from down the Ganges. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e4738src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4748" href="#xd24e4748src" name="xd24e4748">18</a></span> Text -wrongly has Māndhu. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4748src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4760" href="#xd24e4760src" name="xd24e4760">19</a></span> A -<i>tasū</i>, or <i>t̤asū</i>, is said in Wilson’s -Glossary to be the 24th part of a gaz or about a third of an inch. I.O. -MS. makes the breadth 3½ cubits 1 tasu. The slab is described in -Keene’s Guide and in the N.W.P. Gazetteer, Agra volume. One -inscription has the date 1011, or 1602. Archæological Report, lv, -pp. 132–5, says it is 10 ft. 7½ ins. long, 9 ft. 10 ins. -broad, and 6 inches thick. It is supported on octagonal pedestals. See -also Beale’s Miftāḥu-t-tawārīk͟h, pp. -300, 301, where a representation of the stone and copies of the -inscriptions are given. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4760src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4781" href="#xd24e4781src" name="xd24e4781">20</a></span> A fort -in the Deccan “sixty miles north of Bidar” (Elliot, vi, -70). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4781src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4793" href="#xd24e4793src" name="xd24e4793">21</a></span> So in -MSS. Apparently K͟hān Jahān’s meaning was that if -this Deccani man were sent to Agra (as if to be punished) the other -Deccani leaders would be discouraged. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4793src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4796" href="#xd24e4796src" name="xd24e4796">22</a></span> The -text seems corrupt. Apparently I.O. MS. has Sargala, and this may have -been Kes͟ho Dās’s title. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4796src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4820" href="#xd24e4820src" name="xd24e4820">23</a></span> -<i>Pāra dūrtar</i>, but it would seem from the -Maʾās̤ir, ii, 231, five lines from foot, that -<i>pāra</i>, or <i>bāra</i>, is a word meaning a body of men. -Perhaps it is <i>bārah</i>, ‘twelve.’ <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e4820src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4838" href="#xd24e4838src" name="xd24e4838">24</a></span> At p. -256 we have the phrase <i>majrā gīrand</i> applied to the -directing of cannon against the buildings of Fort Ranthambhor. I -confess that I do not know whether Jahāngīr fired the gun -that was on the stand or the one that Kamāl loaded. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e4838src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4848" href="#xd24e4848src" name="xd24e4848">25</a></span> -<i>Majrā giriftam</i> seems rather to mean here ‘adjusted -the tripod,’ for from what follows it appears that the gun was -not then loaded. The Iqbāl-nāma, p. 47, has <i>māsha -rā zīr kard</i>, ‘applied the -match’(?). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4848src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4865" href="#xd24e4865src" name="xd24e4865">26</a></span> -Apparently the meaning is that he rolled the tiger over to the side -furthest from Jahāngīr. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4865src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4868" href="#xd24e4868src" name="xd24e4868">27</a></span> -<i>Kūragī.</i> The Iqbāl-nāma, p. 48, says the -night was dark, and so the lamplighter blindly (<i>az -kūragī</i>) fell upon the tiger and was killed. This tiger -hunt and Jahāngīr’s danger, etc., are described by -William Finch (Purchas, i, 430). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4868src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4878" href="#xd24e4878src" name="xd24e4878">28</a></span> -Anīkini means an army in Sanskrit and Rai is a title meaning -leadership. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4878src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4884" href="#xd24e4884src" name="xd24e4884">29</a></span> Text, -<i>Zangchiyān</i> (?). I.O. 181 has <i>Ibachkiyān</i>, i.e. -people of the <i>Ibachkī-k͟hāna</i> or closet. See -Āyīn, Persian text, i, 42, and Blochmann, i, -46. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e4884src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4897" href="#xd24e4897src" name="xd24e4897">30</a></span> This is -said ironically. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4897src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4913" href="#xd24e4913src" name="xd24e4913">31</a></span> The -text has 14th night, but I follow the I.O. MS. 181. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e4913src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="yr6" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e744">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">The Sixth New Year’s Feast after my auspicious -Accession.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Two gharis and forty seconds of day had passed on -the Monday when the sun (lit. his honour the greatest star) entered his -tower of honour, which is in the constellation of <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb192" href="#pb192" name= -"pb192">192</a>]</span>Aries. That day was the 1st Farwardīn, -corresponding with the 6th Muḥarram<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4959src" href="#xd24e4959" name="xd24e4959src">1</a> (21st March, -1611). The feast of the New Year having been prepared, I seated myself -on the throne of good fortune. The Amirs and all the servants of the -Court enjoyed the good fortune of waiting on me and gave their -congratulations. The offerings of the servants of the Court -Mīrān Ṣadr Jahān, ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān -Fīrūz-jang, and Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān, -were laid before me. On Wednesday, the 8th Muḥarram, the offering -of Rāja Kalyān, who had sent it from Bengal, was laid before -me. On Thursday, the 9th of the same month, S͟hajāʿat -K͟hān and some of the mansabdars, who had come on summons -from the Deccan, waited on me. I gave a jewelled waist-dagger to -Razzāq-wirdī Ūzbeg. On the same day the New Year’s -offering of Murtazā K͟hān was laid before me. He had -prepared all kinds of things. Having inspected all these, I took what I -approved in the shape of valuable jewels, fine cloths, elephants, and -horses and gave back the rest. I presented a jewelled dagger to -Abū-l-fatḥ Dakhanī, 3,000 rupees to Mīr -ʿAbdu-llah, and an Iraq horse to Muqīm K͟hān. I -increased the rank of S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, which -was 1,500 personal and 100 horse, by 500 personal and horse. I had -summoned him from the Deccan for the purpose of sending him to Bengal -to Islām K͟hān, in reality to take his place -permanently, and I entrusted him with the charge of that Subah. -K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan laid before me (as offerings) -two rubies, one royal pearl, and ten rings. I gave Īraj, the son -of K͟hānk͟hānān, a jewelled dagger. The rank -of K͟hurram was 8,000 personal and 5,000 horse; I increased his -personal allowance by 2,000, and <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb193" -href="#pb193" name="pb193">193</a>]</span>increased that of -K͟hwāja Jahān, which was 1,500 personal, 1,000 horse by -500 personal, 200 horse. On 24th Muḥarram, 18th Farwardīn, -the day of the ascendant, Yādgār ʿAlī -Sult̤ān, ambassador of S͟hāh ʿAbbās, -ruler of Persia, who had come on a visit of condolence on the death of -the late king and with congratulations on my accession, had the honour -of waiting on me, and laid before me the gifts S͟hāh -ʿAbbās, my brother, had sent. He had brought good horses, -cloth stuffs, and every kind of fitting present. After he had presented -the gifts, on the same day I gave him a superb robe of honour and -30,000 rupees, which were equivalent to 1,000 Persian tumans. He handed -me a letter in which were mingled congratulations and condolences for -the death of my revered father. As in the letter of congratulation he -expressed the greatest friendship, and omitted no point of regard and -concord, it has pleased me to enter here an exact copy of it.</p> -<div class="blockquote"> -<p class="par first"><i>Copy of the letter of S͟hāh -ʿAbbās.</i></p> -<p class="par">“May the sprinklings of the cloud of the grace of -God and the dropping of the favour of the Almighty impart freshness to -the gardens of wonderful men and inventors (of new things)! May the -flower-bed of sovereignty and rule and the mead of magnificence and -exalted happiness of his Honour of heavenly dignity, of sun-like -grandeur, the king whose fortune is young, of Saturn-like majesty, the -renowned prince, possessing the authority of the spheres, the Khedive, -the world-gripper (Jahāngīr) and country-conquering -sovereign, the prince of the exaltedness of Sikandar, with the banner -of Darius, he who sits on the throne of the pavilion of greatness and -glory, the possessor of the (seven) climes, the increaser of the joys -of good fortune and prosperity, adorner of the gardens of happiness, -decorator of the rose-parterre, lord of the happy conjunction (of the -planets), the opener of the countenance, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb194" href="#pb194" name="pb194">194</a>]</span>the perfection of -kinghood, expounder of the mysteries of the sky, the adornment of the -face of learning and insight, index of the book of creation, compendium -of human perfections, mirror of the glory of God, elevator of the lofty -soul, increaser of good fortune and of the beneficent ascension, sun of -the grandeur of the skies, the shadow of the benignity of the Creator, -he who has the dignity of Jamshīd among the stars of the host of -heaven, lord of conjunction, refuge of the world, river of the favours -of Allah, and fountain of unending mercy, verdure of the plain of -purity, may his land (lit. surface) be guarded from the calamity of the -evil eye; may his fountain of perfection be preserved in truth, his -desire and love; the tale of his good qualities and benevolence cannot -be written.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“‘The pen has not the tongue to express the -secret of love.’</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">Although outwardly the distance (between us) -prevents my attaining to the <i>kaʿbah</i> of desire, yet he is -the <i>qiblah</i> of my keen longing for spiritual intercourse. Thank -God that by virtue of essential oneness this humble supplicant and that -pure nursling of glory have in reality been united to one another. The -distance of space and outward separation of the body not having -prevented nearness of soul and spiritual union, my face is still -towards friendship, and accordingly the dust of sorrow has not settled -on the sun-like mirror of my mind, but it has received the reflection -of the beauty of that exhibitor of perfection, and the olfactory of my -soul has been ever scented with the sweet savour of friendship and love -and the ambergris-perfumed breezes of affection and concord, and -spiritual fellowship and perpetual union have rubbed off the rust from -friendship.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“‘I sit beside thee in thought, and my -heart is at ease,</p> -<p class="line">For this is an union not followed by separation’s -pain.’</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">“Praise be given to the most mighty and pure -God that the plant of the desire of true friends hath borne the fruit -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb195" href="#pb195" name= -"pb195">195</a>]</span>of fruition. Success (<i>maqṣūd</i>), -that beauty who for years was hidden behind the veil, has by dint of -humility and supplication at the throne of the Almighty, come forth and -manifested herself from the hidden bridal chamber, and a ray of -perfection has been thrown on the plain of the hopes of the expectants; -she has ascended the auspicious throne and seated herself beside the -king who adorns the assembly and enhances the glory of the tribune of -the king of kings. The world-opening standard of the Caliphate and -rule, and the sky-scraping umbrella of justice and world-sway of that -creator of the diadem and throne, and that opener of the knots of -knowledge and wisdom have cast the shade of equity and sovereignty and -mercy over the heads of the inhabitants of the world. My hope is that -the chief of desire-granters may make the auspicious ascension of that -blessed rising of fortune brighten the crown and illuminate the throne, -making it of good omen and prosperous to all, and may the things that -appertain to kingship and rule of the world and the causes of dignity -and prosperity be ever on the increase! For long past the customs of -amity and the ways of intimacy, which have been in existence between -our ancestors, and now freshly have been re-established between this -one who is bent on friendship and him who is intent on equity, demanded -that when the good news of the accession of him who sits on the -Gūrgānī throne and is the heir of the crown of -Tīmūr reached this country, one of the confidants of the -royal palace should be quickly nominated to convey congratulations, but -inasmuch as the business of Āẕarbījān and the -conquest of the province of S͟hirwān just then occurred, and -until my loving mind was satisfied as to the affairs of that province, -I could not return to my capital, some delay took place in the -accomplishment of this important duty. Although outward ceremonial -observances and politenesses have not much weight with people of -knowledge and discernment, yet the observance of them is the observance -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb196" href="#pb196" name= -"pb196">196</a>]</span>of the dues of friendship. Of necessity, -therefore, at this auspicious time when the attention of the servants -of holy angels (?) has been withdrawn from the affairs of that -province, which have been arranged in accordance with the desires of my -well-wishers, and I am at ease in that quarter, I have returned and -settled down in my capital of Isfahan, which is the permanent seat of -rule. Therefore I have despatched Kamālu-d-dīn Yadgār -ʿAlī, who possesses the attributes of nobility, is perfect in -sincerity and fully reliable, who is moreover of the number of devoted -servants and Sūfīs of pure design of our family, to the most -exalted Court, that after he has obtained the good fortune to salute -you, to condole with you, and kissed the carpet of honour, and -performed the dues of inquiry (after health, etc.) and congratulations, -he may obtain leave to return, and may convey to the sincere mind of -your well-wisher the good tidings of the safety of your angelic person -and the health of your temperament that is of the brightness of the sun -and increases joy. It is hoped that the tree of hereditary friendship -and assiduousness, and the garden of intimacy and regard, both apparent -and spiritual, which by the irrigation of the rivers of affection and -the brooks of sincere regard acquire great splendour and greenness, not -casting their leaves, may set in motion the cord of intimacy and drive -away the misfortune of estrangement by the arrival of correspondence, -which is the communication of the soul, and may connect by spiritual -chains our visible friendship, and may favour the course and -accomplishment of business.</p> -<p class="par">“May God Almighty give the assistance of the -secret powers to that living family of dignity and glory and that -household of grandeur and good fortune.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">Up to this is the copy of the letter of my brother -S͟hāh ʿAbbās.</p> -<p class="par">My brothers Sult̤ān Murād and -Dāniyāl, who had died in the lifetime of my revered father, -people had called <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb197" href="#pb197" -name="pb197">197</a>]</span>by several names. I ordered that one of -them should be called S͟hāhzāda mag͟hfūr (the -pardoned prince), and the other S͟hāhzāda -marḥūm (the prince admitted to mercy). I promoted -Iʿtimādu-d-daulah and ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq -Maʿmūrī, who each held the rank of 1,500, to that of -1,800, and increased the horse-rank of Qāsim K͟hān, -brother of Islām <span class="corr" id="xd24e5009" title= -"Source: Kkankhanan">Khankhanan</span>, by 250. I dignified Īraj, -eldest son of the Khankhanan, with the title of -S͟hāh-nawāz K͟hān, and Saʿdu-llah, son of -Saʿīd K͟hān, with the appellation of -Nawāzis͟h K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">At the time of my accession I had increased weights and -measures (lit. <i>gaz</i>), viz. to the extent of three ratis (small -weight equal to eight barleycorns), in the weight of muhrs and rupees. -At this time it was represented to me that in mercantile transactions -it would be for the convenience of the people that muhrs and rupees -should be of the same weight as previously. As in all affairs the -contentment and ease of the people are to be looked to, I gave an order -that from the present day, that is, the 11th Urdībihis͟ht in -the 6th year of my reign, they should strike muhrs and rupees of the -former weight in all the mints of my dominions. As before this, on -Saturday, the 2nd of the month of Ṣafar, in the year 1020, the -evil-dispositioned Aḥdād had heard that Kabul was deprived -of an eminent leader, that K͟hān Daurān<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5017src" href="#xd24e5017" name="xd24e5017src">2</a> -was in the interior, and only Muʿizzu-l-mulk with a few servants -of the aforesaid was in Kabul, thinking it a good opportunity he -(Aḥdād) betook himself unexpectedly to Kabul with a large -number of horsemen and foot-soldiers. Muʿizzu-l-mulk, according to -the measure of his ability, displayed activity, and the Kabulis and -other inhabitants, especially the Farmulī<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5020src" href="#xd24e5020" name="xd24e5020src">3</a> tribe, -barricaded up the streets and fortified their houses. The Afghans with -some guns came in to the streets and bazars <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb198" href="#pb198" name="pb198">198</a>]</span>from -different directions. The people from the shelter of their terraces and -houses killed many of these wretches with arrows and guns, and -Bargī,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5025src" href="#xd24e5025" name= -"xd24e5025src">4</a> one of the confidential leaders of -Aḥdād, was killed. From the occurrence of this affair, for -fear that the people from all sides and quarters should assemble and -block the road for them to get out, giving up their hearts and feet (in -a state of distraction), in fear and confusion they turned back. About -800 of those dogs went to jahannam (hell), and 200, having caught -horses, hastily escaped with their lives from that deadly place. -Nād ʿAlī Maidānī, who was in Lahūgar, at -last on the same day arrived there, and pursued them for a short -distance. As the distance (between them) was too great and his band -small, he turned back. For the energy he had shown in coming quickly, -and for the activity displayed by Muʿizzu-l-mulk, they were both -promoted in rank; Nād ʿAlī, who held that of 1,000 -personal to that of 1,500, and Muʿizzu-l-mulk, who held the rank -of 1,500, to 1,800. As it transpired that K͟hān Daurān -and the Kabulis were in the habit of passing their days in -carelessness, and the repelling of the evil disposition of -Aḥdād had taken a long time it occurred to me that as the -Khankhanan was without employment I might appoint him and his sons to -this duty. Soon after this idea occurred, Qilīj K͟hān, -to summon whom a firman had already been issued, came from the Panjab -and obtained the honour of an audience. It became evident from the -forehead of his circumstances (his manner) that he was annoyed at the -duty of driving back the ill-dispositioned Aḥdād being -assigned to K͟hānk͟hānān. As he faithfully -promised to take up this duty, it was settled that the governorship of -the Subah of the Panjab should belong to Murtaẓā -K͟hān, and that the Khankhanan should remain at home, and -that Qilīj K͟hān should be promoted to the rank of 6,000 -personal and 5,000 horse, and be appointed <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb199" href="#pb199" name="pb199">199</a>]</span>to -Kabul to drive back Aḥdād and the up-country robbers. I -ordered the Khankhanan to have a jagir in the Subah of Agra in the -Sarkars of Qanauj and Kalpi, that he might inflict condign punishment -on the rebels of that region and exterminate them (pull them out by the -roots). When I dismissed them I gave each of them special robes of -honour and horses and elephants, and having received the robes of -exaltation they started <span class="corr" id="xd24e5031" title= -"Source: of">off</span>. At the same time, on account of the sincerity -of his friendship and his old services, I bestowed on -Iʿtimādu-d-daulah the rank of 2,000 personal and 500 horse, -and presented him with a sum of 5,000 rupees by way of gift. -Mahābat K͟hān, whom I had sent to make the necessary -preparations for war for the victorious army of the Deccan and point -out to the Amirs the desirability of concord and unanimity, paid his -respects to me at the capital of Agra on the 12th of the month of -Tīr, the 21st of Rabīʿu-s̤-s̤ānī. It -was brought to notice in a letter from Islām K͟hān that -ʿInāyat K͟hān had performed approved service in the -Subah of Bengal; on this account I increased by 500 personal the rank -he already held of 2,000. I also increased by 500 personal and 300 -horse, so as to make it up altogether to 1,500 personal and 800 horse, -the rank of Rāja Kalyān, who was one of the officials of that -Subah. I appointed Hās͟him K͟hān,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e5034src" href="#xd24e5034" name="xd24e5034src">5</a> who was -in Orissa, to the government of Kashmir, and sent his uncle, -K͟hwāja Muḥammad Ḥusain, there to look after the -affairs of that country until his arrival. In the time of my revered -father his father, Muḥammad Qāsim, had conquered Kashmir. -Chīn Qilīj, who was the eldest son of Qilīj -K͟hān, came from the Subah of Kabul and waited on me. As in -addition to his natural excellence he was a -<i>k͟hānazād</i> (houseborn one), he was honoured with -the title of K͟hān, and according <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb200" href="#pb200" name="pb200">200</a>]</span>to -the prayer of his father, and on condition of his undertaking service -in Tīrah, I increased his rank by 500 personal and 300 horse. On -the 14th Amardād on account of the previous service and great -sincerity and ability of Iʿtimādu-daulah, I bestowed on him -the high rank of the viziership of the kingdom, and on the same day -presented a belt with a jewelled dagger to Yādgār -ʿAlī, ambassador of the ruler of Iran. As ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān, who had been appointed to command the army against the -rebel Rānā, promised to enter the province of the Deccan from -the direction of Gujarat, I promoted him to be Subahdar of that -province, and at his request appointed Rāja Bāso to the -command of the army against the Rānā, increasing his rank by -500 horse. In place of Gujarat I conferred the Subah of Malwa on -K͟hān Aʿz̤am and sent 400,000 rupees to provide for -the army and warlike materials for the force that had been appointed to -accompany ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān by way of Nāsik, which -is near the province of the Deccan. Ṣafdar K͟hān, with -his brothers, came from the Subah of Behar, and had the honour of -kissing the threshold.</p> -<p class="par">One of the royal slaves who was serving in the -seal-cutting departments prepared and laid before me a design such as I -had never seen or heard of before. As it is exceedingly strange, a -detailed<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5050src" href="#xd24e5050" name= -"xd24e5050src">6</a> description of it is given. In the shell of a -filbert four compartments had been carved out of ivory. The first -compartment was one of wrestlers, in which two men were engaged in -wrestling, a third was standing with a spear in his hand, a fourth with -a hard stone.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5053src" href="#xd24e5053" -name="xd24e5053src">7</a> Another was sitting with his hands placed on -the ground, while in front of him were laid a piece of wood, a bow and -a pot. In the second a throne had been made <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb201" href="#pb201" name= -"pb201">201</a>]</span>above which a <i>s͟hamiyāna</i> (a -tent-fly or canopy) was depicted, and a man of wealth (a prince) was -seated on the throne with one leg placed over the other and a pillow at -his back. Five servants were standing around and before him, and -tree-boughs threw a shade over the throne. In the third compartment is -a company of rope-dancers, who have raised upright a pole with three -ropes fastened to it. A rope-dancer upon it (qu. on the ropes?<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5066src" href="#xd24e5066" name= -"xd24e5066src">8</a>) has taken hold of his own right foot with his -left hand behind his head, and standing on one foot has placed a goat -on the top of the pole. Another person has thrown a drum on his neck -and is beating it, whilst another man is standing with his hands lifted -up and looking at the rope-dancer. Five other men are also standing, of -whom one has a stick in his hand. In the fourth compartment there is a -tree, below which the figure of the revered (<i>ḥaẓrat</i>) -Jesus is shown. One person has placed his head at Jesus’ feet, -and an old man is conversing with Jesus and four others are standing -by.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5079src" href="#xd24e5079" name= -"xd24e5079src">9</a> As he had made such a masterpiece, I honoured him -with a present and with increased salary.</p> -<p class="par">On the 30th S͟hahrīwar, Mīrzā -Sult̤ān, who had been sent for from the Deccan, came and -waited on me. Ṣafdar K͟hān had an increase of rank -conferred on him, and was appointed to go to the assistance of the army -against the rebel Rānā. As ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān -Bahādur Fīrūz-jang had proposed to enter the -neighbouring province of the Deccan by way of Nāsik, it occurred -to me to appoint Rām Dās Kachhwāha, who was one of the -sincere servants of my <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb202" href= -"#pb202" name="pb202">202</a>]</span>revered father, to accompany him -in order that he might in every place look after him, and not allow him -to be too rash and hasty. For this purpose I bestowed on him great -favours, as well as the title of Raja, which he had not thought of for -himself. I also gave him drums and the fort of Ranthanbūr, which -is one of the noted castles in Hindustan, and honouring him with a -superb robe of honour and an elephant and horse I dismissed him. I -appointed K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan, who had been -transferred from the chief Diwanship, to the duty of the Subahdarship -of the Deccan, as he had been for a long time in those regions in the -service of my deceased brother (Dāniyāl). I honoured -Abū-l-ḥasan, son of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, with the -title of Iʿtiqād K͟hān, and having promoted the -sons of Muʿaz̤z̤am K͟hān to fitting ranks sent -them to Bengal to Islām K͟hān. At the request of -Islām K͟hān, Rāja Kalyān was appointed to the -government of the Sarkar of Orissa and had an increase in rank of 200 -personal and horse. I presented S͟hajāʿat -K͟hān Dakhanī with 4,000 rupees. On the 7th -Ābān Badīʿu-z-zamān, son of Mīrzā -S͟hāhruk͟h, came from the Deccan and waited on me.</p> -<p class="par">About this time, in consequence of the disturbances that -had occurred in the country of Māwarāʾa-n-nahr, many of -the Amirs and Ūzbeg soldiers, such as Ḥusain Bī, -Pahluwān Bābā, and Nauras Bī Darman, and Baram -Bī and others came to Court and waited on me. They were all -honoured with robes of honour, horses, cash, mansabs, and jagirs. On -the 2nd Āẕar Hās͟him K͟hān came from -Bengal and had the honour of kissing my threshold. I sent 500,000 -rupees for the expenses of the victorious army of the Deccan, of which -the leader was ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, to Ahmadabad in Gujarat -by the hands of Rūp K͟hawāṣṣ and -S͟haik͟h Anbiyā. On the 1st day I went to the village of -Samonagar, which is one of my fixed hunting-places, to hunt. Twenty-two -antelope were killed, of which I myself killed sixteen and -K͟hurram the other six. Remaining <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb203" href="#pb203" name="pb203">203</a>]</span>there two days and -two nights, on the night of Sunday I returned to the city in health and -safety, and one night this couplet threw its brilliance on my -mind:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“As long as there’s in heaven light for the -sun,</p> -<p class="line">Be not the reflection far from the Shah’s -umbrella.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">I ordered the lamplighters and the relators of -stories that at the time of their salutations and telling stories they -should commence with this couplet, and it is still in use. On Saturday, -the 3rd day, a letter came from K͟hān Aʿz̤am that -ʿĀdil K͟hān Bījāpūrī had given -up his evil ways and become penitent, and in the rank of servants was -now more loyal than ever. On the 14th day, corresponding with the last -day of S͟hawwāl, leave was given to Hās͟him -K͟hān to go to Kashmir. I gave a special wrapper<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5097src" href="#xd24e5097" name= -"xd24e5097src">10</a> (<i>fargal</i>) to Yādgār -ʿAlī, ambassador of Persia. I presented Iʿtiqād -K͟hān with one of my special swords called Sar-andāz -(thrower of heads). Having honoured S͟hādmān, son of -K͟hān Aʿz̤am, with the title of -S͟hādmān K͟hān, I increased his rank to 1,700 -personal and 500 horse. He was also honoured with a standard. -Sardār K͟hān, brother of ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān -Fīrūz-jang, and Arslān Bī Ūzbeg, who had been -appointed to the charge of Sīvistān,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5103src" href="#xd24e5103" name="xd24e5103src">11</a> were also -presented with standards. I ordered that -<i>jāʾi-namāz</i> (prayer carpets) should be made of the -skins of the antelopes I had myself killed, and be kept in the public -audience hall for people to use in saying their prayers. By way of -special respect to the Law I ordered that the Mīr-i-ʿAdl and -Qāẓī, who are the pivot of affairs of the divine law, -should not kiss the ground (before me), which is a kind of -<i>sijda</i>. On Thursday, the 22nd day, I went again to Samonagar to -hunt. As many antelope had collected together in that neighbourhood I -had this time sent off K͟hwāja Jahān to prepare a -qamargah and drive in the antelope into a broad place from all sides, -to place canvas-walls <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb204" href= -"#pb204" name="pb204">204</a>]</span>(<i>sarā-parda</i>) and a -<i>gulāl-bāṛ</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e5120src" -href="#xd24e5120" name="xd24e5120src">12</a> round it. They enclosed a -kos and half of ground with sarapardas. When news came that the -hunting-place had been prepared and a great deal of game had been -confined, I went there and began to hunt on the Friday. Until the next -Thursday I went every day to the qamargah with the ladies and hunted as -much as I liked. Some of the deer were taken alive and some killed with -arrows and guns. On the Sunday and Thursday, on which I do not fire -guns at animals, they took them alive in nets. In these seven days 917 -head, male and female, were caught, and of these 641 deer were caught -alive. Four hundred and four head were sent to Fatḥpūr to be -let loose on the plain there, and with regard to 84 I ordered them to -put silver rings in their noses and set them free in the same place. -The 276 other antelope that had been killed with guns and arrows and by -cheetahs were divided from day to day among the Begams and the slaves -of the palace, and Amirs and servants of the palace. As I became very -tired (<i>dilgīr</i>) of hunting, I gave orders to the Amirs to go -to the <i>s͟hikārgāh</i> (hunting-place) and hunt all -that were left over, and myself returned in safety to the city. On the -1st Bahman, corresponding with the 17th Ẕī-l-qaʿda, I -ordered that in the large cities of my dominions, like Ahmadabad, -Allahabad, Lahore, Delhi, Agra, etc., they should arrange -bulg͟hur-k͟hānas (places for the distribution of cooked -food) for the poor; thirty mahalls (districts) had been ordered. Six -had already been established, and twenty-four other districts were now -ordered. On the 4th Bahman I increased the rank of Rāja Bīr -Singh Deo by 1,000 personal; it was previously 4,000 personal and 2,000 -horse: I gave him a jewelled sword. Another sword out of my special -ones, that was called S͟hāh-bacha, (king’s child), was -presented to S͟hāh-nawāz K͟hān. On the 16th -Isfandārmuẕ, Badīʿu-z-zamān, son of -Mīrzā S͟hāhruk͟h, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb205" href="#pb205" name="pb205">205</a>]</span>was -appointed to the army against the rebel Rānā and a sword sent -by his hand for Rāja Bāso. Having again heard that the Amirs -on the borders interfere with authority in matters that do not concern -them, and do not observe laws and regulations, I ordered<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5132src" href="#xd24e5132" name= -"xd24e5132src">13</a> that the Bakhshis should circulate orders, to be -obeyed amongst the Amirs of the borders, that hereafter they should not -interfere in such things, which are the private affair of kings. The -first thing is this, that they should not sit in the <i>jharokha</i> -(private window), and should not trouble their officers and captains of -the auxiliaries with keeping guard or saluting them, and should not -have elephant fights, and should not inflict the punishment of -blinding, and should not cut off ears and noses, and should not force -Islam on anyone, and should not confer titles on their servants, and -should not order the royal servants to do <i>kūrnis͟h</i> or -prostration, and should not force singers to remain on duty in the -manner customary in (royal) darbars, and should not beat drums when -they go out, and when they give a horse or elephant to anyone, whether -to the king’s attendants or to their own servants, they should -not place reins or elephant’s goads on their backs and make them -perform obeisance. In going in procession they should not take with -them on foot in their retinue the royal attendants. If they write -anything to them they should not put a seal on it.<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e5141src" href="#xd24e5141" name="xd24e5141src">14</a> The -regulations which have been styled the rules of Jahāngīr -(Āyīn-i-Jahāngīrī) are now in force.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5150src" href="#xd24e5150" name= -"xd24e5150src">15</a> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb206" href= -"#pb206" name="pb206">206</a>]</span></p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e4959" href="#xd24e4959src" name="xd24e4959">1</a></span> -Jahāngīr does not mention that it was in this year that he -married Nūr-Jahān. He saw her on New Year’s Day -(Iqbāl-nāma, p. 56), and it appears from a note of -Jahāngīr on p. 132 of B.M. MS. Or. 3276 that he married her -on 14th K͟hurdād (end of May, 1611). It was in the 11th year -that she got the title of Nūr-Jahān. Before that she was -known as Nūr-Maḥall. It would seem that Jahāngīr -married Nūr-Jahān four years and a few days after her first -husband’s death. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e4959src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5017" href="#xd24e5017src" name="xd24e5017">2</a></span> -K͟hān Daurān was away in the district of Ningnahar -(Iqbāl-nāma, p. 53). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5017src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5020" href="#xd24e5020src" name="xd24e5020">3</a></span> Text -wrongly has Qizilbāshes. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5020src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5025" href="#xd24e5025src" name="xd24e5025">4</a></span> Or -Bārkī. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5025src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5034" href="#xd24e5034src" name="xd24e5034">5</a></span> The text -has here the word <i>g͟hāyatan</i>, which does not seem to -have much meaning. Erskine has ‘without his knowledge,’ so -he probably had <i>g͟hāʾībāna</i> in his -MS. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5034src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5050" href="#xd24e5050src" name="xd24e5050">6</a></span> Compare -Elliot, vi, 324. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5050src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5053" href="#xd24e5053src" name="xd24e5053">7</a></span> -<i>Sang-i-durus͟htī.</i> Elliot had the name reading and -translates ‘a heavy stone.’ But both MSS. have <i>sang u -rasanī</i>, ‘a stone and a cord,’ query a sling, and -this is certainly the right reading. See Iqbāl-nāma, p. -57. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5053src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5066" href="#xd24e5066src" name="xd24e5066">8</a></span> Text -<i>bar pāy</i>, but the I.O. MS. and Iqbāl-nāma, p. 58, -have <i>bar bāzi</i> (‘on the rope’? or perhaps -‘is doing gymnastics’) <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5066src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5079" href="#xd24e5079src" name="xd24e5079">9</a></span> Note of -Sayyid Aḥmad (to the fourth compartment).—“Evidently -this masterpiece was not the work of a slave in the seal department, -for no reason appears why the portrait of Jesus should be introduced -into the fourth compartment. Probably this masterpiece was the work of -Frank artists and had fallen into the hands of the slave, and he had -ascribed it to his own workmanship. (Perhaps the scene depicted was the -Transfiguration.)” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5079src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5097" href="#xd24e5097src" name="xd24e5097">10</a></span> See -Blochmann, p. 89, note. It came from Europe. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e5097src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5103" href="#xd24e5103src" name="xd24e5103">11</a></span> In -Scinde; it is the same as Sahwan, and is on the Indus. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5103src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5120" href="#xd24e5120src" name="xd24e5120">12</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 45. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5120src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5132" href="#xd24e5132src" name="xd24e5132">13</a></span> Elliot, -vi, 325. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5132src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5141" href="#xd24e5141src" name="xd24e5141">14</a></span> Both -MSS. have <i>bar rū</i> instead of <i>bar ū</i>, ‘in -front’ or ‘in the face’ of the letter, and this is no -doubt the correct reading. See Iqbāl-nāma, p. 59. See -Blochmann, p. 263, for the different places where seals are to be put. -Jahāngīr’s order apparently was that the provincial -governors were not to impress their seals on the face of their letters -or other documents. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5141src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5150" href="#xd24e5150src" name="xd24e5150">15</a></span> The -reference seems to be, not to these subsidiary regulations, but to the -code of twelve rules promulgated by him at the commencement of his -reign. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5150src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="yr7" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e751">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">The Seventh New Year’s Festival after the -auspicious Accession.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">On Tuesday, the 1st Farwardīn of the seventh -year from my accession on the 16th Muḥarram u-l-ḥarām -(19th March, 1612) in the year 1021, the New Year’s assembly that -illuminates the world, and the festival that brings joy, were held in -the capital of Agra. After four gharis of the night had passed on -Thursday, the 3rd of the aforesaid month, the hour that the astrologers -had chosen, I sat on the throne. I had ordered that, according to -annual custom, the bazars should be decorated and the assembly should -be kept up until the day of culmination -(<i>rūz-i-s͟haraf</i>). K͟husrau Bī Ūzbeg, who -was known among the Uzbegs as K͟husrau -<i>Qimchī</i>,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5167src" href= -"#xd24e5167" name="xd24e5167src">1</a> came on these days and had the -honour of waiting on me. As he was one of the influential men of -Māwarāʾa-n-nahr, I bestowed many favours on him, and -gave him a fine robe of honour. I gave 15,000 rupees to -Yādgār ʿAlī, ambassador of the ruler of Iran, for -his expenses. On the same day the offering of Afẓal -K͟hān, which he had sent from the Subah of Behar, was laid -before me. There were 30 elephants and 18 ponies -(<i>gūnṭh</i>), and pieces of Bengal cloth, sandalwood, some -pods of musk, aloes-wood (<i>Agallochum</i>), and all kinds of things. -The offering of K͟hān Daurān was also produced before -me. He had sent 45 head of horse and two strings of camels, porcelain -from China, dressing-gowns (<i>pūstīnhā</i><a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5181src" href="#xd24e5181" name= -"xd24e5181src">2</a>) of sable (<i>sammūr</i>), and other valuable -presents procurable in Kabul and its neighbourhood. The officers of the -palace had taken trouble about their offerings, and according to the -yearly custom from day to day of the festival the offerings of the -servants were laid before me. Having looked at them <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb207" href="#pb207" name="pb207">207</a>]</span>in -detail, I took what I approved and gave them the remainder. On the 13th -Farwardīn, corresponding with the 29th Muḥarram, a -representation from Islām K͟hān arrived to the effect -that through the blessing of Allah’s favour and through the -benign influence of the royal grace, Bengal had been freed from the -disturbance of ʿUs̤mān, the Afghan. Before the -circumstances of this war are written down, some particulars with -regard to Bengal will be recorded.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5195src" -href="#xd24e5195" name="xd24e5195src">3</a> Bengal is a country of -great extent, and in the second clime its length, from the port of -Chittagong to Garī, is 450 kos; and its breadth, from the Northern -hills to the boundary of Sarkar Madāran, 220 kos. Its revenue is -about 60 krores of dams.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5198src" href= -"#xd24e5198" name="xd24e5198src">4</a> The former rulers of this place -always had 20,000 horse, a lakh of foot-soldiers, 1,000 elephants, and -4,000 or 5,000 war-boats. From the time of S͟hīr -K͟hān and his son Salīm K͟hān, this country -was in the possession of the Afghans. When the throne of sovereignty of -Hindustan in the hands of my revered father acquired beauty and -splendour, he ordered the victorious forces (of the empire) into it, -and for a long time made the conquest of it his object, until the -aforesaid province, through the great efforts of the chiefs of the -victorious State, passed from the possession of Dāʾūd -Karānī, who was the last of its rulers. That wretch was -killed in the fight with K͟hān Jahān, and his army -became scattered and in desperate condition. From that date until now -the province is in the possession of the servants of the State. In the -end a few of the remaining Afghans had remained in the corners and -sides of the country, and kept a few distant places in their -possession, until, by degrees, most of that body became despised and -helpless, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb208" href="#pb208" name= -"pb208">208</a>]</span>and were captured by the chiefs of the State in -the places of which they had still possession. When the arrangement of -the affairs of rule and empire, simply through the grace of God, became -entrusted to this humble servant of the throne of Allah, in the first -year after my accession I sent for Rāja Mān Singh, who had -been appointed to the rule and government of that place, to Court, and -sent Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān, who, out of all the -officials, was distinguished as my foster-brother, in his place. As he -entered the province he attained to martyrdom at the hand of one of -those mischievous ones who had been appointed to that country, and that -man, who had not thought of the consequences, also obtained the reward -of his deeds, and was slain. I promoted Jahāngīr Qulī -K͟hān, who was governor and a Jagirdar in the province of -Behar, on account of his nearness to that neighbourhood, to the rank of -5,000 personal and horse, and ordered him to go to Bengal and take -possession of the province. I sent an order to Islām -K͟hān, who was at the capital of Agra, to go to Behar and -consider that province his jagir. When a short time had passed under -the rule of Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān, he contracted -a severe illness, in consequence of the bad water and air of that -place, and by degrees the power of the disease and his weakness became -so great as to end in his destruction. When the news of his death came -to my hearing at Lahore, an order was issued in the name of Islām -K͟hān to proceed as soon as possible to Bengal. When I -appointed him to this important duty, most of the servants of the State -made remarks on his youth and want of experience. As the excellence of -his disposition and his natural capacity had been noticed by my -judicious eye, I myself chose him for this duty. As it happened, the -affairs of this province were carried on by him in such a manner as -from the time when it first entered into the possession of the Chiefs -of the everlasting State until this day has never been attained to by -any of the servants of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb209" href= -"#pb209" name="pb209">209</a>]</span>the Court. One of his noteworthy -deeds was the driving away of the rebel ʿUs̤mān, the -Afghan. He frequently in the time of the late king encountered the -royal forces, but his expulsion was not accomplished. When Islām -K͟hān made Dhaka (Dacca) his place of abode and made the -subjection of the Zamindars of that neighbourhood his chief object, it -occurred to him that he should send an army against the rebel -ʿUs̤mān and his province. If he agreed to serve loyally, -well and good, but if not, they should punish and annihilate him like -other seditious people. At that time S͟hajāʿat -K͟hān<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5206src" href="#xd24e5206" -name="xd24e5206src">5</a> joined Islām K͟hān, and the -lot of leading in this service<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5209src" -href="#xd24e5209" name="xd24e5209src">6</a> fell on his name. Several -others of the State servants were also appointed to go with him, such -as Kis͟hwar K͟hān, Iftik͟hār K͟hān, -Sayyid Ādam Bārha, S͟haik͟h Achhay,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5212src" href="#xd24e5212" name="xd24e5212src">7</a> -nephew of Muqarrab K͟hān, Muʿtamad K͟hān, the -sons of Muʿaz̤z̤am K͟hān Ihtimām -K͟hān, and others. He took with him also some of his own men. -At the hour when Mus͟htarī (Jupiter) was propitious, he -started off this band, and appointed Mīr Qāsim, son of -Mīrzā Murād, its chief paymaster and news-writer. He -took also some of the Zamindars with him to show the road. The -victorious armies started. When they reached the neighbourhood of -ʿUs̤mān’s fort and land, they sent some eloquent -men to admonish him and point out to him the way of loyalty, and bring -him back from the road of rebellion to the right path. As much pride -had seated itself in his brain-cup, and he had in his head a desire to -seize the country, beside other fancies, he turned a deaf ear to their -words and <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb210" href="#pb210" name= -"pb210">210</a>]</span>prepared himself for conflict and fight. The -battlefield happened to be on the bank of a nullah in a place which was -a complete bog. On Sunday (12th March, 1612), the 9th Muḥarram, -S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, choosing the hour for the -fight, arrayed the victorious forces, so that everyone should go to his -place and be prepared for the battle. ʿUs̤mān had not -settled the battle for that day with himself. When he heard that the -royal army had come prepared for battle, having no remedy he himself -mounted and came to the bank of the nullah, and arrayed his own horse -and foot opposite the victorious army. When the affair grew hot, and -the two forces opposed each other, that foolish, obstinate man at the -first onset threw his own fighting raging elephant against the advanced -guard. After much fighting many of the leaders of the advanced guard, -as Sayyid Ādam<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5223src" href= -"#xd24e5223" name="xd24e5223src">8</a> Bārha and -S͟haik͟h Achhay, attained the dignity of martyrdom. -Iftik͟hār K͟hān, the leader of the right wing, was -in no way remiss in attacking, and sacrificed his own life. The band -that was with him fought to such a degree that they were all cut to -pieces. In the same way Kis͟hwar<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5226src" href="#xd24e5226" name="xd24e5226src">9</a> -K͟hān and his band of the left wing bravely sacrificed -themselves in the affair of their master, but many of the enemy (lit. -those of dark fortune) were also wounded and killed. That evil one -(ʿUs̤mān) took account of the combatants and ascertained -that the leaders of the advanced guard and right and left wings were -killed. The centre alone remained. He took no account of the killed and -wounded on his own side, but attacked the centre (of the royal army) -with the same energy. On this side the son and brothers and sons-in-law -of S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, as well as other officers, -stopped the advance of those lost ones, and attacked them like tigers -and leopards armed with claws and teeth. Some of them attained the -dignity of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb211" href="#pb211" name= -"pb211">211</a>]</span>martyrdom, and those that remained alive bore -away fatal wounds. At this time (ʿUs̤mān) drove a raging -elephant of the name of Gajpat,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5231src" -href="#xd24e5231" name="xd24e5231src">10</a> which was his premier -elephant, at S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, who laid hold of -his spear and struck the elephant. What does a raging elephant care for -a javelin. He then seized his sword and struck him two blows one after -another. How did he regard these either! He then drew his dagger and -struck him twice with it, but for this, too, he did not turn back, but -overthrew S͟hajāʿat K͟hān with his horse. -Immediately he was separated from his horse; calling out -“Jahāngīr S͟hāh,” he leapt up, and his -equerry struck the elephant on both front legs a blow with a two-handed -sword. As the elephant fell on his knees, the equerry pulled the -elephant driver down off the elephant, and S͟hajāʿat -with the dagger he had in his hand, and while on foot, struck such -blows on the trunk and forehead of the elephant that the elephant -roared out at the pain and turned round. As he was severely wounded, he -went to his own army and fell down. S͟hajāʿat -K͟hān’s horse got up safely. As he was mounting his -horse those vile ones drove another elephant at his standard-bearer, -and overthrew his horse and standard. S͟hajāʿat -K͟hān gave a manly shout and roused the standard-bearer, -saying: “Be bold: I’m alive and the standard is at my feet -(?).”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5234src" href="#xd24e5234" name= -"xd24e5234src">11</a> At this critical moment all the servants of the -State who were present seized their arrows and daggers and swords, and -smote the elephant. S͟hajāʿat himself came up and -shouted to the standard-bearer to rise, and got another horse for the -standard-bearer and mounted him on it. The standard-bearer unfurled the -standard and maintained his ground. At the time of this struggle -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb212" href="#pb212" name= -"pb212">212</a>]</span>a (ball from a) gun struck that rebel on his -forehead. However much they enquired for the man who fired it he could -not be found. When this struck him, he recognized that he was a dead -man. Yet for two watches, notwithstanding this fatal wound, he urged on -his men to the fight, and the battlefield was still deadly and the -struggle warm. Afterwards the enemy turned their faces, and the -victorious army pursued them, and continually striking them drove back -those vile ones into the place where they had encamped. With arrows and -guns those wretches would not allow the royal troops to enter the place -where they were. When Walī, the brother of ʿUs̤mān, -and Mamrez, his (ʿUs̤mān’s) son and other -relations and followers became aware of ʿUs̤mān’s -wound, they made up their minds that he would not recover from it, and -that if they, defeated and put to flight, should go towards their fort -none would reach it alive. They thought it best to remain for the night -in the place where they had encamped, and towards the end of the night -seek an opportunity and get to their fort. Two watches of night had -passed when ʿUs̤mān went to hell. In the third watch -they raised his lifeless body, and leaving his tent and the things they -had with them in the camp, proceeded to their fortress. The scouts of -the victorious army, having obtained news of this, informed -S͟hajāʿat K͟hān. On the morning of Monday the -loyalists assembled and decided to follow them, and not allow -breathing-time to those of dark fortune. In the end, in consequence of -the tired state of the soldiers, and in order to bury the martyrs and -out of sympathy for the wounded, they were perplexed in their minds as -to going or settling down (where they were). Just at this time -ʿAbdu-s-Salām, son of Muʿaz̤z̤am -K͟hān, arrived with a body of servants of the State, -altogether 300 horse and 400 musketeers (<i>tūpchī</i>). When -this fresh body of men arrived it was determined to pursue, and they -accordingly went on. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb213" href="#pb213" -name="pb213">213</a>]</span>When Walī, who after -ʿUs̤mān was the stock of the disturbance, learned that -S͟hajāʿat K͟hān with the victorious army had -come together with another fresh force, he saw no resource for himself -but to go to S͟hajāʿat K͟hān on the straight -line of faith and loyalty. In the end he sent a message that he who had -been the cause of the disturbance had gone, and that the body of those -who were left were servants and Musulmans. If he would give his word -they would wait upon him and would agree to serve the State, giving -their elephants as an offering. S͟hajāʿat -K͟hān and Muʿtaqid K͟hān, who had arrived on -the day of the battle and had done approved service, and all those who -were loyal, in accordance with the necessity of the time and with what -was best for the State, gave their word and encouraged them. On the -next day, Walī and the sons, brothers, and sons-in-law of -ʿUs̤mān all came and waited upon -S͟hajāʿat K͟hān and the other servants of the -State. They brought forty-nine elephants as an offering. After the -completion of this work S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, -leaving some of the royal servants in Adhār<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5245src" href="#xd24e5245" name="xd24e5245src">12</a> and the -neighbourhood which was in the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb214" -href="#pb214" name="pb214">214</a>]</span>possession of that one of -evil fortune, took with him Walī and the other Afghans, and on -Monday, the 6th of the month of Ṣafar, came to -Jahāngīrnagar (Dacca) and joined Islām K͟hān. -When the joyful news reached in Agra this supplicant at the throne of -Allah, he performed the prostrations of gratitude, and recognized that -the driving away of this description of enemy was brought about simply -through the unstinted mercy of the Almighty Giver. As a reward for this -good service I promoted Islām K͟hān to the rank of 6,000 -personal, and honoured S͟hajāʿat K͟hān with -the title of “Rustam of the age” (Rustam-zamān), as -well as increased his rank by 1,000 personal and horse. I also -increased the rank of other servants according to the measure of their -services, and they were selected for other honours.</p> -<p class="par">When this news first came of the killing of -ʿUs̤mān it appeared to be a joke, but by way of -ascertaining the truth or falsehood of the words I took an omen from -the divān of the tongue of the unseen world, K͟hwāja -Ḥāfiz̤ of Shiraz, and this g͟hazal<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5263src" href="#xd24e5263" name= -"xd24e5263src">13</a> turned up:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“I make my eyes red and throw patience to the -wilds,</p> -<p class="line">And in such a case throw my heart into the sea.</p> -<p class="line">I’m wounded by the shaft of heaven:</p> -<p class="line">Give wine, so that intoxicated I may cast a knot in the -girdle of the Twins.”</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb215" href="#pb215" name= -"pb215">215</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">As this couplet was very appropriate to the occasion, I -drew an omen from it. After some days news came again that the arrow of -Fate, or rather of God, had struck ʿUs̤mān, for however -much they enquired for him, he who fired the shot was not made -manifest. This has been recorded on account of its strange nature.</p> -<p class="par">On the 16th Farwardīn, Muqarrab K͟hān, -who is one of my chief retainers and the old confidants of the -Jahangiri service, who had attained the rank of 3,000 personal and -2,000 horse, came from the fort of Cambay and had the honour of waiting -on me. I had ordered him, on account of certain business, to go to the -port of Goa<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5302src" href="#xd24e5302" name= -"xd24e5302src">14</a> and buy for the private use of the government -certain rareties procurable there. According to orders he went with -diligence to Goa, and remaining there for some time, took at the price -the Franks asked for them the rareties he met with at that port, -without looking at the face of the money at all (i.e. regardless of -cost). When he returned from the aforesaid port to the Court, he -produced before me one by one the things and rareties he had brought. -Among these were some animals that were very strange and wonderful, -such as I had never seen, and up to this time no one had known their -names. Although King Bābar has described in his Memoirs the -appearance and shapes of several animals, he had never ordered the -painters to make pictures of them. As these animals appeared to me to -be very strange, I both described them and ordered that painters should -draw them in the Jahāngīr-nāma, so that the amazement -that arose from hearing of them might be increased. One of these -animals in body is larger than a peahen and smaller than a -peacock.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5305src" href="#xd24e5305" name= -"xd24e5305src">15</a> When <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb216" href= -"#pb216" name="pb216">216</a>]</span>it is in heat and displays itself, -it spreads out its feathers like the peacock and dances about. Its beak -and legs are like those of a cock. Its head and neck and the part under -the throat are every minute of a different colour. When it is in heat -it is quite red—one might say it had adorned itself with red -coral—and after a while it becomes white in the same places, and -looks like cotton. It sometimes looks of a turquoise colour. Like a -chameleon it constantly changes colour. Two pieces of flesh it has on -its head look like the comb of a cock. A strange thing is this, that -when it is in heat the aforesaid piece of flesh hangs down to the -length of a span from the top of its head like an elephant’s -trunk, and again when he raises it up it appears on its head like the -horn of a rhinoceros, to the extent of two finger-breadths. Round its -eyes it is always of a turquoise colour, and does not change. Its -feathers appear to be of various colours, differing from the colours of -the peacock’s feathers. He also brought a monkey of a strange and -wonderful form. Its hands, feet, ears, and head are like those of a -monkey, and its face like that of a fox. The colour of its eyes is like -that of a hawk’s eye, but the eyes are larger than those of a -hawk. From its head to the end of its tail it is an ordinary cubit in -length. It is lower than a monkey and taller than a fox. Its hair is -like the wool of a sheep and its colour like that of ashes. From the -lobe of its ear to its chin it is red and of the colour of wine. Its -tail is two or three finger-breadths longer than half a cubit, quite -different from that of other monkeys. The tail of this animal hangs -down like the tail of a cat. Sometimes it makes a sound like a young -antelope. On the whole it is a very strange beast. Of the wild birds -which they call <i>tadrū</i> (pheasant) till now it has never been -heard that they breed in captivity. In the time of my revered father -they made great efforts to obtain eggs and young ones but it was -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb217" href="#pb217" name= -"pb217">217</a>]</span>not managed. I ordered them to keep some of -them, male and female, in one place, and by degrees they bred. I -ordered them to place the eggs under hens, and in a space of two years -sixty or seventy young were produced and fifty or sixty grew up. -Whoever heard of this matter was astonished. It was said that in the -Wilāyat (Persia?) the people there had made great efforts, but no -eggs were produced and no young were obtained.</p> -<p class="par">In these days I increased the mansab of Mahābat -K͟hān by 1,000 personal and 500 horse, which thus became -4,000 personal and 3,500 horse. The mansab of -Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, original and increased, was fixed at 4,000 -personal and 1,000 horse. To the mansab of Mahā Singh also an -increase of 500 personal and horse was given: it was originally and -with increase 3,000 personal and 2,000 horse. The mansab of -Iʿtiqād K͟hān was increased by 500 personal and 200 -horse, and made up to 1,000 personal and 300 horse. K͟hwāja -Abū-l-ḥasan in these days came from the Deccan and waited on -me. Daulat K͟hān, who had been appointed to the -faujdārship of Allahabad and of the Sarkar of Jaunpur, came and -paid his respects: an increase of 500 was made to his mansab, which was -1,000. On the day of culmination (<i>rūz-i-s͟haraf</i>), -which was the 19th Farwardīn, I raised the mansab of -Sult̤ān K͟hurram, which was 10,000, to 12,000, and made -that of Iʿtibār K͟hān, which was 3,000 personal and -1,000 horse, up to 4,000. I raised the mansab of Muqarrab -K͟hān from 2,000 personal and 1,000 horse by 500 personal and -horse; and increased that of K͟hwāja Jahān, which was -2,000 personal and 1,200 horse, by 500. As these were the days of the -New Year, many of the servants (of the State) obtained an increase of -their mansabs. On the same day Dulīp came from the Deccan and -waited on me. As his father Rāy Rāy Singh had died, I -honoured him with the title of Rāy and clothed him in a dress of -honour. Rāy Rāy Singh had another son, by <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb218" href="#pb218" name="pb218">218</a>]</span>name -Sūraj Singh. Although Dulīp was his -<i>ṭīkā</i> (marked with the -<i>ṭīkā</i>) son, he wished Sūraj Singh to succeed -him, in consequence of the love that he bore to his mother. When the -circumstances of his death were reported to me, Sūraj Singh, in -consequence of his want of intelligence and tender years, represented -to me: “My father has made me his successor and given me the -<i>ṭīkā</i>.” This remark was not to my liking, -and I said: “If thy father has given the -<i>ṭīkā</i> to thee, we shall give it to -Dulīp.” Then marking the <i>ṭīkā</i> with my -own hand, I presented the latter with his father’s jagir and -hereditary possessions. I bestowed on Iʿtimādu-d-daulah an -inkstand and jewelled pen. Rūdar, the father of Lakhmī Chand, -Raja of Kumaon, who is one of the considerable Rajas of the hill -country, had come in the time of the late King Akbar,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e5344src" href="#xd24e5344" name="xd24e5344src">16</a> and when -he came had petitioned<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5347src" href= -"#xd24e5347" name="xd24e5347src">17</a> that the son of Rāja -Ṭoḍar Mal might take him by the hand and bring him to wait -on him. In consequence, the Raja’s (Ṭoḍar -Mal’s) son had been appointed to bring him. Lakhmī Chand now -similarly asked that the son of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah might bring -him to pay his respects. I sent S͟hāpūr<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5350src" href="#xd24e5350" name= -"xd24e5350src">18</a> to bring him to wait on me. He laid before me -rare things from his own hill country, such as <i>gūnṭh</i> -ponies, and birds of prey, such as hawks, <i>jurra</i> (falcons), royal -falcons, <i>qat̤ās</i> (yaks), navels of musk, and skins of -the musk antelope with the musk-bags on them, swords which in their -language they call <i>khānḍā</i>, and daggers which -they call <i>kaṭār</i>, and all kinds of things. Amongst the -Rajas of this hill country this Raja is well known for the large -quantities of gold he has. They say there is a gold-mine in his -territory.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5369src" href="#xd24e5369" name= -"xd24e5369src">19</a> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb219" href= -"#pb219" name="pb219">219</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">In order to lay the foundation of a palace at Lahore, I -sent there K͟hwāja Jahān K͟hwāja Dūst -Muḥammad, who is well skilled in this kind of business.</p> -<p class="par">As the affairs of the Deccan, in consequence of the -disagreements among the Sardars and the carelessness of K͟hān -Aʿz̤am, did not look well, and the defeat of ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān had taken place, I had sent for K͟hwāja -Abū-l-ḥasan to make enquiries into the real state of these -quarrels. After much enquiry and investigation it became clear that the -defeat of ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān had been caused by his pride -and his sharp temper, and not listening to words (of advice) and partly -by the quarrels and want of agreement between the Amirs. Briefly, it -had been determined that ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān should start -from the direction of Nāsik and Trimbak with the Gujarat army and -the Amirs who had been appointed to accompany him. This army had been -brought into proper order by trustworthy leaders and zealous Amirs, -such as Rāja Rām Dās, K͟hān Aʿlam, Saif -K͟hān, ʿAlī Mardān Bahādur, Z̤afar -K͟hān, and other servants of the State. The number of the -army had passed 10,000 and come up to near 14,000. On the side of Berar -it was settled that Rāja Mān Singh, K͟hān -Jahān, the Amīru-l-umarā, and many other leaders should -proceed. These two armies should be aware of each other’s marches -and halts, so that on an appointed day they might catch the enemy -between the two. If this rule had been observed and their hearts had -been in unison, and self-interest had not come between, it is most -probable that Almighty God would have given them the victory of the -day. When ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān passed the Ghats and entered -the enemy’s country, he did not take care to send runners -(<i>qāṣidān</i>) to bring intelligence from the other -army, nor did he, in accordance with the arrangements, make his -movements harmonise with theirs, so that on an appointed day they might -take the enemy between two armies. Rather he relied on his own -strength, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb220" href="#pb220" name= -"pb220">220</a>]</span>and considered that if he could gain the victory -alone it would be better. This idea fixed itself in his mind, and -however much Rām Dās desired him to promise to go forward -with due deliberation, it was of no use. The enemy, who were observing -him closely, had sent a large number of leaders and Bargīs -(Mahrattas) against him, and encounters took place with them every day. -They did not fail to throw rockets and different fireworks at night. At -last the enemy drew near, and yet he obtained no intelligence about the -other army, though he had approached Daulatabad, which was the place of -assembly of the Dakhanis. ʿAmbar, the black-faced, had raised to -sovereignty a child who, in his opinion, bore relationship to the -family of Niz̤āmu-l-mulk. In order that men might fully -accept his (the child’s) sovereignty, he raised him up and took -him by the hand, and made himself the Peshwa and leader. He sent men -again and again (against ʿAbdu-llah), and the number of the enemy -was continually increasing till at last they made an attack, and by -throwing rockets and other fireworks made matters hot for him.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5382src" href="#xd24e5382" name= -"xd24e5382src">20</a> At length the loyalists thought it best, as no -assistance had come to them from the other army and all the Dakhanis -had turned against them, to retreat at once and try some other -arrangement. All agreed, and with one consent started off before dawn. -The Dakhanis followed them to the boundaries of their own country, and -the two armies, meeting every day, did not fail in fighting. In these -days several of the ambitious and zealous young men were killed. -ʿAlī Mardān K͟hān Bahādur, behaving like -a brave man, carried away terrible wounds and fell into the hands of -the enemy, and showed his companions an example of fidelity to his salt -and of life-sacrifice. Ẕū-l-faqār Beg also displayed -manly actions, and a rocket struck him on <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb221" href="#pb221" name="pb221">221</a>]</span>the leg, and two days -afterwards he died. When they entered the country of Rāja -Bharjū,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5387src" href="#xd24e5387" -name="xd24e5387src">21</a> who was one of those loyal to the throne, -that body (the enemy) turned back, and ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān -proceeded towards Gujarat. The real truth is this, that if in going he -had drawn his rein (gone slowly) and allowed the other army to have -come up to him, the matter would have turned out according to the wish -of the chief men of the victorious State.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5391src" href="#xd24e5391" name="xd24e5391src">22</a> As soon as -the news of the retreat of ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān reached the -leaders of the army that was advancing from Berar, not seeing any -advantage from further stay, they also retired, and joined the camp of -Parwiz at ʿĀdilābād in the neighbourhood of -Burhanpur. When this intelligence reached me at Agra I was greatly -agitated, and proposed to go there myself and destroy root and branch -those servants who had become masters. The Amirs and other devoted ones -would in no way consent to this. K͟hwāja -Abū-l-ḥasan represented that as no one understood the -business of that region as the Khankhanan did I ought to send him, and -that he should again arrange matters that had fallen into disorder, and -according to the exigencies of the time should compose differences so -that affairs might return to their original condition. Other -well-wishers being consulted, all their opinions were at one in this, -that the Khankhanan must be sent and that K͟hwāja -Abū-l-ḥasan should accompany him. Agreeing with this -determination, those who had charge of the affairs of the Khankhanan -and his companions obtained leave to go on Sunday, the 17th -Urdībihis͟ht, in the 7th year. S͟hāh-nawāz -K͟hān, K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan, -Razzāq-birdī Ūzbeg, and several others of his associates -paid their parting salutations on the same day. The Khankhanan was -promoted to the rank of 6,000 personal, S͟hāh-nawāz -K͟hān <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb222" href="#pb222" -name="pb222">222</a>]</span>to that of 3,000 and horse, that of -Dārāb K͟hān increased by 500 personal and 300 horse -(altogether 2,000 personal and 1,500 horse), and to -Raḥman-dād, his (the Khankhanan’s) younger son, I also -gave a fitting mansab. I presented the Khankhanan with a grand dress of -honour, a jewelled dagger, a special elephant with <i>talāyir</i> -(accoutrements), and an Iraq horse. In the same way I bestowed on his -sons and companions dresses of honour and horses. In the same month -Muʿizzu-l-mulk came from Kabul with his sons, and had the good -fortune to kiss the threshold. S͟hyām Singh and Rāy -Mangat Bhadauriya, who belonged to the army of Bangash, according to -the request of Qilīj K͟hān, were promoted to higher -mansabs. S͟hyām Singh had 1,500 personal and was increased by -500, and Rāy Mangat was also raised to a higher rank.</p> -<p class="par">For a long time past news had come of the illness of -Āṣaf K͟hān; sometimes the disease was got under -and sometimes recurred, until he died at Burhanpur in the 63rd year of -his age. His understanding and capacity were very good. He was very -quick-witted. He also wrote poetry. He composed “K͟husrau -and S͟hīrīn,” dedicating it to me, and called it -the “Nūr-nāma” (the writing of light).<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5401src" href="#xd24e5401" name= -"xd24e5401src">23</a> He had been ennobled in the time of my revered -father and made Vizier. In the days when I was a prince he had several -times done foolish things, and most men, and indeed K͟husrau -himself, were of opinion that after my accession I would do unpleasant -things (with regard to him). In a manner contrary to what had entered -the minds of himself and others, I favoured him and promoted him to the -rank of 5,000 personal and horse, and after he had for some time been -Vizier with full authority, neglected no point in increasing favour -towards him. After his death I gave mansabs to his sons and bestowed -kindnesses on them. At last <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb223" href= -"#pb223" name="pb223">223</a>]</span>it was clear that his disposition -and sincerity were not as they should be, and, considering his own evil -deeds, he had always been suspicious with regard to me. They say he was -aware of the conspiracy and disturbance that took place on the Kabul -expedition, and had given support to the wretches. Indeed, I had no -confidence that notwithstanding my favour and kindness to him he was -not disloyal and of perverse fortune.</p> -<p class="par">After a short space of time, on the 25th of the same -month of Urdībihis͟ht, the news of Mīrzā -G͟hāzī’s death arrived. The said Mīrzā -was of the ruling family of Thatta (Tatta), of the tribe of -Tark͟hānī. His father, Mīrzā Jānī, -in the time of my revered father became loyal, and with the Khankhanan, -who had been appointed to his province, he had the good fortune to have -the honour of waiting on Akbar near Lahore. By the royal favour he was -given his own province, and, choosing himself to serve at Court, he -sent his men to the charge and administration of Thatta, and remained -in the service while he lived. At last he died at Burhanpur. -Mīrzā G͟hāzī K͟hān, his son, who was -at Thatta, in accordance with the firman of the late king obtained the -government of that country. Saʿīd K͟hān, who was at -Bhakar (Bukkur), received an order to console him and bring him to -Court. The aforesaid K͟hān sent men to him to recommend -loyalty to him. At last, having brought him to Agra, he procured him -the honour of kissing the feet of my revered father. He was at Agra -when my father died and I ascended the throne. After I arrived at -Lahore for the pursuit of K͟husrau news came that the Amirs on the -borders of Khurasan had assembled together and proceeded against -Qandahar, and that S͟hāh Beg, the governor of that place, was -shut up in the fort and looking out for assistance. Of necessity an -army was appointed for the relief of Qandahar under the leadership of -Mīrzā G͟hāzī and other Amirs and generals. -When this army reached the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb224" href= -"#pb224" name="pb224">224</a>]</span>neighbourhood of Qandahar, the -army of Khurasan, not seeing in themselves the power to await it, -returned. Mīrzā G͟hāzī, having entered -Qandahar, handed over the country and the fort to Sardār -K͟hān, who had been appointed to the government of the place, -and S͟hāh Beg went to his own jagir. Mīrzā -G͟hāzī started for Lahore by way of Bhakar. Sardār -K͟hān was only a short time at Qandahar before he died, and -that province was again in need of a leader and master. This time I -added Qandahar to Thatta and handed it over to Mīrzā -G͟hāzī. From that time till his death he remained there -continuously in performance of the duties of its protection and -government. His conduct towards the disaffected was excellent. As it -was necessary to send a leader to Qandahar in the place of -Mīrzā G͟hāzī, I appointed Abū-l-bī -Ūzbeg,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5411src" href="#xd24e5411" name= -"xd24e5411src">24</a> who was at Multan and in that neighbourhood, to -that post. I promoted him in rank from 1,500 personal and 1,000 horse -to 3,000 personal and horse, and honoured him with the title of -Bahād K͟hān and a standard. The governorship of Delhi -and the protection and administration of that province was conferred on -Muqarrab K͟hān. I dignified Rūp -K͟hawāṣṣ, who was one of the personal servants of -my revered father, with the title of K͟hawāṣṣ -K͟hān, and, giving him the rank of 1,000 personal and 500 -horse, bestowed on him the faujdārship of the Sarkar of Qanuj. As -I had sought the daughter<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5417src" href= -"#xd24e5417" name="xd24e5417src">25</a> of Iʿtiqād -K͟hān, son of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, in marriage for -K͟hurram, and the marriage <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb225" -href="#pb225" name="pb225">225</a>]</span>festival had been arranged -for, I went on Thursday, 18th K͟hūrdād, to his house, -and stayed there one day and one night. He (K͟hurram) presented -offerings (to me) and he gave jewels<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5427src" href="#xd24e5427" name="xd24e5427src">26</a> to the -Begams, and to his mothers (including stepmothers) and to the female -servants of the harem, and dresses of honour to the Amirs.</p> -<p class="par">I sent ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq, the bakhshi of the -palace (<i>dark͟hāna</i>), to settle the country of Thatta -(Sind) until a Sardar should be appointed who could conciliate the -soldiery and the cultivators, and so bring the province into order. I -increased his rank and presented him with an elephant and a shawl -(<i>parmnarm</i>), and sent him off. I made Muʿizzu-l-mulk bakhshi -in his room. K͟hwāja Jahān, who had been sent to inspect -the buildings in Lahore and to arrange about them, came in the end of -this month and waited on me. Mīrzā ʿĪsā -Tark͟hān, one of the relations of Mīrzā -G͟hāzī, had been appointed to the army of the Deccan. I -sent for him to arrange about the business of Thatta, and on the same -day he had the good fortune to pay his respects. As he was deserving of -favour, he was given the rank of 1,000 personal and 500 horse. The -disease <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb226" href="#pb226" name= -"pb226">226</a>]</span>of <i>k͟hūn-pāra</i><a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5450src" href="#xd24e5450" name= -"xd24e5450src">27</a> had affected my health. By the advice of the -physicians on Wednesday, the (date not given) of the said month, I drew -about a sir (<i>ās̤ār</i>)<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5471src" href="#xd24e5471" name="xd24e5471src">28</a> of blood -from my left arm. As great lightness resulted, it occurred to me that -if they were to call blood-letting ‘lightening’ it would be -well. Nowadays this expression is made use of. To Muqarrab -K͟hān, who had bled me, I gave a jewelled <i>khapwa</i> -(dagger). Kis͟han Dās, accountant of the elephant department -and stable, who from the time of the late king until now has been the -clerk in charge of two departments, and for ages had been hopeful of -the title of Raja and the rank of 1,000 personal, and before this had -been gratified with a title, now had the rank of 1,000 conferred on -him. Mīrzā Rustam, son of Sultān Ḥusain -Mīrzā Ṣafawī, who had been appointed to the army -of the Deccan, I sent for at his request. On Saturday, the 9th of the -month of Tīr, he came with his sons and waited on me. He made an -offering of a ruby and forty-six royal pearls. I increased the rank of -Tāj K͟hān, the governor of Bhakar, who was one of the -old Amirs of this State, by 500 personal and horse.</p> -<p class="par">The tale of the death of S͟hajāʿat -K͟hān is a very strange affair. After he had performed such -services and Islām K͟hān had given him leave to go to -the Sarkar of Orissa, one night on the road he was riding on a female -elephant <i>chaukandī-dār</i><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5483src" href="#xd24e5483" name="xd24e5483src">29</a> (? in a -square howdah or four-pillared canopy), and had given a young eunuch a -place behind him<span class="corr" id="xd24e5489" title= -"Source: ,">.</span> When he left his camp they had <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb227" href="#pb227" name= -"pb227">227</a>]</span>fastened up an elephant that was in heat on the -road. From the noise of the horses’ hoofs and the movement of the -horsemen he attempted to break his chain. On this account a great noise -and confusion took place. When this noise reached the ear of the -eunuch, he in a state of bewilderment awoke S͟hajāʿat -K͟hān, who was asleep or in the insensibility of wine, and -said: “An elephant in heat has got loose and is coming in this -direction.” As soon as he heard this he became confused and threw -himself down from the front of the chaukandi. When he threw himself off -his toe struck against a stone and was torn open, and he died in two or -three days of that same wound. In short, from hearing this affair I was -completely bewildered. That a brave man on the mere hearing of a cry or -a word coming from a child should become so confused and throw himself -down without control from the top of an elephant is in truth a matter -of amazement. The news of this event reached me on the 19th of the -month of Tīr. I consoled his sons with kindnesses and the -conferring of offices. If this accident had not happened to him, as he -had done notable service, he would have obtained exaltation with -greater favours and kindnesses.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“One cannot strive against destiny.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">Islām K͟hān had sent 160 male and -female elephants from Bengal; they were brought before me and placed in -my private elephant stables. Rāja Tekchand, the Raja of Kumaon, -asked for leave to depart. As in the time of my father there had been -given to his father 100 horses, I gave him the same number as well as -an elephant, and while he was at Court bestowed on him dresses of -honour and a jewelled dagger. Also to his brothers I gave dresses of -honour and horses. I presented him with his territory according to -previous arrangements, and he went back to his home happy and -successful. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb228" href="#pb228" name= -"pb228">228</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">It happened incidentally that this verse of the -Amīru-l-umarā was quoted:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Pass, O Messiah, o’er the heads of us -slain by love;</p> -<p class="line">Thy restoring one life is worth a hundred -murders.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5507src" href="#xd24e5507" -name="xd24e5507src">30</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">As I have a poetical disposition I sometimes -intentionally and sometimes involuntarily compose couplets and -quatrains. So the following couplet came into my head:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Turn not thy cheek, without thee I cannot live a -moment;</p> -<p class="line">For thee to break one heart is equal a hundred -murders.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">When I had recited this, everyone who had a -poetical vein composed a couplet in the same mode. Mullā -ʿAlī Aḥmad,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5525src" href= -"#xd24e5525" name="xd24e5525src">31</a> the seal-engraver, of whom an -account has been given previously, had not said badly—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“O Censor, fear the weeping of the old -vintner;</p> -<p class="line">Thy breaking one jar is equal to a hundred -murders.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">Abū-l-fatḥ Dakhanī,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5548src" href="#xd24e5548" name= -"xd24e5548src">32</a> who was one of the most considerable of -ʿĀdil K͟hān’s Amirs, and had two years -previously taken to being loyal and had entered himself among the -leaders of the victorious army, on the 10th <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb229" href="#pb229" name="pb229">229</a>]</span>of -Amurdād waited on me, and being accepted by my grace and favour -had bestowed on him a special sword and a robe of honour, and after -some days I also gave him a special horse. K͟hwājagī -Muḥammad Ḥusain,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5553src" href= -"#xd24e5553" name="xd24e5553src">33</a> who had gone to Kashmir as the -deputy for his brother’s son, when he was satisfied in his mind -with the state of affairs of that place, came on the same day and -waited on me. As a Sardar was needed to be sent for the governorship of -Patna and the rule of that place, it occurred to me to send -Mīrzā Rustam. Having raised his rank from 5,000 personal and -1,500 horse to 5,000 personal and horse, on the 26th -Jumādā-s̤-s̤ānī, corresponding to the 2nd -S͟hahrīwar, I gave him the government of Patna, and bestowing -on him a special elephant, a horse with a jewelled saddle, a jewelled -sword, and a superb dress of honour, I dismissed him. His sons and the -sons of his brother Muzaffar Ḥusain K͟hān -Mīrzāʾī were exalted with increased rank, -elephants, horses, and dresses of honour, and sent off with him. I -appointed Rāy Dulīp to support Mīrzā Rustam. As his -residence was near that place, he collected a good body of men for that -service. I increased his rank by 500 personal and horse, so that it -became 2,000 with 1,000 horse, and also gave him an elephant. -Abū-l-fatḥ Dakhanī had obtained a jagir in the Sarkar -of Nagpur and that neighbourhood. He was dismissed in order that he -might administer his jagir and look to the guarding and government of -that country as well. K͟husrau Bī Ūzbeg was appointed to -the faujdārship of the Sarkar of Mewar. His rank of 800 personal -and 300 horse was now increased to 1,000 personal and 500 horse, and I -also presented him with a horse. As I had my eye on the old service of -Muqarrab K͟hān, it occurred to me that I must not pass by the -desire of his heart. I had <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb230" href= -"#pb230" name="pb230">230</a>]</span>increased his rank and he had -obtained good jagirs, but he longed for a standard and drums, and he -was now honoured with these as well. Ṣāliḥ, the -adopted son of K͟hwāja Beg-Mīrzā Ṣafawī, -was a youth of great bravery and zeal. I gave him the title of -K͟hanjar K͟hān, and made him eager in the service.</p> -<p class="par">On Thursday, the 22nd S͟hahrīwar, -corresponding with 17th Rajab, 1021, the feast of my solar weighing -took place in the house of Maryam-zamānī. It is an approved -custom with me to weigh myself in this manner. The late king Akbar, who -was the place of manifestation of kindness and grace, also approved of -the custom, and twice in every year weighed himself against several -sorts of metals, gold, silver, and many precious articles, once -according to the solar and once according to the lunar year, and -divided their total value, which was worth about a lakh of rupees, -among faqirs and needy people. I also observe this annual custom and -weigh myself in the same manner, and give those valuables to faqirs. -Muʿtaqid K͟hān, Diwan of Bengal, who had been relieved -from that service, produced before me the sons and brothers and some of -the servants of ʿUs̤mān, whom Islām K͟hān -had sent with him to the Court. The charge of each one of the Afghans -was entrusted to a responsible servant. Then he (Muʿtaqid) -produced his own offering, which consisted of twenty-five elephants, -two rubies, a jewelled <i>phūl kaṭāra</i><a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5562src" href="#xd24e5562" name= -"xd24e5562src">34</a> (a kind of dagger), trustworthy eunuchs, Bengal -stuffs, etc. Mīr Mīrān, son of Sult̤ān -K͟hwāja, who was in the Deccan army, obtained the honour of -kissing the threshold and gave a ruby as an offering. As between -Qilīj K͟hān, leader of the army of Bangas͟h -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb231" href="#pb231" name= -"pb231">231</a>]</span>on the borders of Kabul, and the Amirs of that -Subah who had been sent as companions to him under his leadership, -there were quarrels, especially with K͟hān Daurān, I -sent K͟hwāja Jahān to make enquiry as to which side was -in fault. On the 11th of the month of Mihr, Muʿtaqid -K͟hān was appointed to the high dignity of bakhshi, and his -mansab was raised to 1,000 personal and 300 horse. Raising for the -second time the mansabs of Muqarrab K͟hān a little, I made it -2,500 personal and 1,500 horse by an increase of 500. On the -representation of the Khankhanan, Farīdūn K͟hān -Barlās was raised to the mansab, original and increase, of 2,500 -personal and 2,000 horse. Rāy Manohar received that of 1,000 -personal and 800 horse, and Rāja Bīr Singh Deo that of 4,000 -personal and 2,200 horse. Bhārat, grandson of Rāmchand -Bandīlah, I, after the latter’s death, honoured with the -title of Raja. On the 28th Ābān, Zafar K͟hān, -having come according to summons from the Subah of Gujarat, waited on -me. He brought as offerings a ruby and three pearls. On the 6th -Āẕar, corresponding with the 3rd S͟hawwāl, news -came from Burhanpur that the Amīru-l-umarā had died on -Sunday, the 27th Ābān, in the parganah of Nihālpūr. -After the illness he had at Lahore his intelligence appeared to be -less, and a great loss of memory happened to him. He was very sincere. -It is sad that he left no son capable of patronage and favour. -Chīn Qilīj K͟hān came from his father, who was at -Peshawar, on the 20th Āẕar, and offered (on his -father’s behalf) 100 muhrs and 100 rupees, and also presented the -offerings he had of his own in the shape of a horse and cloth stuffs -and other things. To the government of Behar I promoted Zafar -K͟hān, who is one of the trustworthy house-born ones and -foster-children, and increasing his mansab by 500 personal and horse, I -made it up to 3,000 personal and 2,000 horse, and also honouring his -brothers with robes of honour and horses, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb232" href="#pb232" name="pb232">232</a>]</span>allowed them to go -off to that province. He had always hoped that he might obtain some -separate service in order that he might show his natural ability. I -also desired to prove him and make this service the touchstone by which -to try him. As it was the season for travelling and hunting, on -Tuesday, the 2nd Ẕī-l-qaʿda (25th December, 1612), -corresponding with the 4th Day, I left Agra with the intention of -hunting and encamped in the Dahrah garden, remaining there four -days.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5575src" href="#xd24e5575" name= -"xd24e5575src">35</a> On the 10th of the same month the news came of -the death of Salīma Sult̤ān Begam, who had been ill in -the city. Her mother was Gul-ruk͟h Begam, daughter of King -Bābar, and her father Mīrzā Nūru-d-dīn -Muḥammad, of the Naqs͟hbandī K͟hwājas. She -was adorned with all good qualities. In women this degree of skill and -capacity is seldom found. H.M. Humāyūn, by way of kindness -(to Bairām), had betrothed her who was his sister’s daughter -to Bairām K͟hān. After his death, in the beginning of -the reign of the late king Akbar, the marriage took place. After the -said <span class="corr" id="xd24e5584" title= -"Source: Khan">K͟hān</span> had been killed, my revered -father married her himself. She received mercy (died) in the 60th year -of her age.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5588src" href="#xd24e5588" name= -"xd24e5588src">36</a> On the same day I marched from the Dahrah garden -and sent Iʿtimādu-d-daulah to bury her (lit. lift her up), -and ordered him to place her in the building in the Mandākar -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb233" href="#pb233" name= -"pb233">233</a>]</span>garden which she herself had made. On the 17th -of the month of Day, Mīrzā ʿAlī Beg -Akbars͟hāhī came from the army of the Deccan and waited -on me. K͟hwāja Jahān, whom I had despatched to the Subah -of Kabul, returned on the 21st of the same month and waited on me. The -time for his going and coming had extended to three months and eleven -days. He brought twelve muhrs and twelve rupees as an offering. On the -same day Rāja Rām Dās also came from the victorious army -of the Deccan and paid his respects, and made an offering of 101 muhrs. -As robes of honour for the winter season had not been sent to the Amirs -of the Deccan, they were forwarded by the hand of Ḥayāt -K͟hān. As the port of Surat had been assigned in jagir to -Qilīj K͟hān, he prayed that Chīn Qilīj (his -son) might be despatched for its guardianship and administration. On -the 27th Day he had a dress of honour, and being honoured with a dress -of honour and the title of K͟hān, and a standard, obtained -leave to go. For the purpose of advising the Amirs of Kabul, and on -account of the disagreements that had sprung up between them and -Qilīj K͟hān, I sent Rāja Rām Dās, and -bestowed on him a horse and robe of honour and 30,000 rupees for -expenses. On the 6th Bahman, when my camp was in the parganah of -Bārī, there came the news of the death of -K͟hwājagī Muḥammad Ḥusain, who was of the -ancient servants of this State. His elder brother, Muḥammad -Qāsim K͟hān, in the time of my revered father, found -great favour, and K͟hwāja Muḥammad Ḥusain as well -was one of his confidential servants, and held employments such as that -of superintendent of the kitchen (<i>bakāwul</i>) and such like. -He left no son and was beardless, and not a single hair of moustache or -whiskers appeared on him. At the time of speaking he spoke very -shrilly, and was looked upon as an eunuch. S͟hāh-nawāz -K͟hān, whom the Khankhanan had sent from Burhanpur to make -certain representations, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb234" href= -"#pb234" name="pb234">234</a>]</span>came on the 15th of the same month -and waited on me. He presented 100 muhrs and 100 rupees. As the affairs -of the Deccan, in consequence of the hasty proceedings of -ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān and the treachery of the Amirs, did not -present a good prospect, the Dakhanis obtained an opportunity for -speaking and began to talk of peace to the Amirs and well-wishers -there. ʿĀdil K͟hān embraced the robe of loyalty, -and prayed that if the affairs of the Deccan were entrusted to him he -would so arrange that some of the districts which had been taken out of -the possession of the officers of the State should be restored. The -loyal ones, looking to the necessities of the time, represented this, -and a settlement of some kind was arrived at, and the Khankhanan -undertook to settle matters. The K͟hān Aʿz̤am was -also desirous of putting down the rebel Rānā, and begged for -this service by way of obtaining merit (as a -<i>g͟hāzī</i>). He was ordered to go to Malwa, which was -his jagir, and after arranging matters there to take up this duty. The -mansab of Abū-l-bī Uzbeg<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5610src" -href="#xd24e5610" name="xd24e5610src">37</a> was increased by 1,000 -personal and 500 horse to 4,000 personal and 3,500 horse. My hunting -went on for 2 months and 20 days, and during that time I went out every -day to hunt. As not more than 50 or 60 days remained before the -world-illumining New Year, I returned, and on the 24th Isfandiyār -encamped in the Dahrah garden. The courtiers and some of the -mansabdars, who by order had remained in the city, came on that day and -waited on me. Muqarrab K͟hān presented a decorated jar, Frank -hats, and a jewelled sparrow (?). I remained three days in the garden, -and on the 27th Isfandiyār entered the city. During this -time<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5617src" href="#xd24e5617" name= -"xd24e5617src">38</a> 223 head of deer, etc., 95 nilgaw, 2 boars, 36 -cranes (or herons), etc., and 1,457 fish were killed. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb235" href="#pb235" name="pb235">235</a>]</span></p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5167" href="#xd24e5167src" name="xd24e5167">1</a></span> -<i>Qūruqchī</i> in I.O. MS. and in Iqbāl-nāma, p. -60. Steingass gives it as meaning one who looks after the king’s -game, and as a sentinel. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5167src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5181" href="#xd24e5181src" name="xd24e5181">2</a></span> Text has -<i>pūsthā</i>, skins, but I.O. MS. has -<i>pūstīnhā</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5181src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5195" href="#xd24e5195src" name="xd24e5195">3</a></span> Copied -from Āyīn. See Jarrett, ii, 115. See also Elliot, vi, -326. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5195src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5198" href="#xd24e5198src" name="xd24e5198">4</a></span> This is -equal to one krore, fifty lakhs of rupees. The Sarkar of Orissa was -included in Bengal, and its revenue is included in this. (Note of -Sayyid Aḥmad.) <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5198src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5206" href="#xd24e5206src" name="xd24e5206">5</a></span> Also -called S͟haik͟h Kabīr Chis͟htī (Blochmann, p. -519; Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, ii, 630). <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5206src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5209" href="#xd24e5209src" name="xd24e5209">6</a></span> Perhaps -this is only rhetoric, but Abū-l-faẓl describes how lots -were cast between him and Rāja Bīrbal as to who should go on -the Yūsufzai expedition. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5209src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5212" href="#xd24e5212src" name="xd24e5212">7</a></span> -<i>Ichī</i> means a hawk, but the meaning may be a -S͟haik͟h of Uch. <i>Acha</i> is given in Zenker as meaning a -father in Turki. The Iqbāl-nāma has Ajha. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5212src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5223" href="#xd24e5223src" name="xd24e5223">8</a></span> Text -wrongly has Aʿz̤am. See Blochmann, p. 521, -note. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5223src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5226" href="#xd24e5226src" name="xd24e5226">9</a></span> -Kis͟hwar was the son of Jahāngīr’s foster-brother -Qut̤bu-d-dīn, who was killed by -Shīr-afgan. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5226src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5231" href="#xd24e5231src" name="xd24e5231">10</a></span> The -Iqbāl-nāma and the B.M. MSS. call it -Bak͟hla. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5231src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5234" href="#xd24e5234src" name="xd24e5234">11</a></span> These -last words seem to be part of S͟hajāʿat’s speech, -but see Iqbāl-nāma, p. 63. See also Elliot, vi, 329, and the -translation of the Iqbāl-nāma account in Appendix L, -Stewart’s Cat. of Tippo Sultan’s MSS., p. 275. The -Iqbāl-nāma says that ʿUs̤mān’s -corpulence compelled him to ride on an elephant. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5234src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5245" href="#xd24e5245src" name="xd24e5245">12</a></span> The -text has <i>dar adhār u t̤arf kih dar -taṣarruf-i-ān tīra-rūzgār būd</i>. I do -not know if <i>adhār</i> is the name of a place or what its -meaning is. The I.O. MSS., Nos. 181 and 305, have <i>arhād</i>. -Blochmann, p. 520, on the authority of the -Mak͟hzan-i-Afg͟hānī, says the fight took place 100 -kos from Dacca and in a place called Nek Ujyāl, and he points out -in a note that there are several Ujyāls in Eastern Bengal. -Possibly Adhār is Udhār or Uzār, and a corruption of -Ujyāl. The ‘hills of Dacca,’ referred to by Blochmann, -might be Ran Bhawal or the Madhūpūr jungle. The -Riyāẓu-s-salāt̤īn does not mention the site -of the battle, and the translator, Maulawī -ʿAbdu-s-Salām, has in his note at p. 175 confounded two -ʿĪsā K͟hāns, and so drawn groundless -inferences. Blochmann points out, p. 520, that the -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā says the prisoners were -afterwards put to death. The passage is at vol. ii, p. 632. It says -they were put to death by Jahāngīr’s orders by -ʿAbdu-llah (who certainly was brute enough for anything). -Jahāngīr, Tūzuk, p. 112, mentions the arrival of -ʿUs̤mān’s sons and brothers at Court, so that -Blochmann’s statement at p. 520 about their being executed on the -road is not correct. It appears, too, they came to Court after -S͟hajāʿat’s death. Jahāngīr says -(Tūzuk, p. 112) he made over the prisoners to responsible servants -of government. ʿAbdu-llah may have been one of these, and have got -rid of his prisoners by killing them. It would appear that the battle -with ʿUs̤mān took place to the east or south-east of -Dacca, and not near Orissa, as Stewart supposed. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5245src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5263" href="#xd24e5263src" name="xd24e5263">13</a></span> The -lines occur in Ḥāfiz̤ʾ divān, under the -letter M, Brockhaus’ ed., No. 396, but Jahāngīr has -missed out two lines in his quotation. An Indian lithograph has -<i>rak͟ht</i> in the first line instead of <i>ṣabr</i>, but -the latter reading occurs in Brockhaus. In the fourth line -<i>nargis</i> is a mistake for <i>tīrkas͟h</i>. -<i>Tīr-i-falak</i>, ‘the arrow of the spheres,’ is -also a name for the planet Mercury. -<i>Tīrkas͟h-i-Jauzā</i> means both a particular -constellation in the sign Gemini, which is supposed to resemble a -quiver in appearance, and also the strings of a musical instrument. The -meaning of the lines seems to be, “I have been wounded by the -shaft of heaven: give me wine that I may become intoxicated and be able -to tie a knot in the quiver-girdle of the Gemini.” The -appositeness of the <i>fāl</i> is not very apparent, but the -mention of an arrow was taken to be an allusion to the death of -ʿUs̤mān by a shot from an unknown hand. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5263src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5302" href="#xd24e5302src" name="xd24e5302">14</a></span> Elliot, -vi, 331. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5302src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5305" href="#xd24e5305src" name="xd24e5305">15</a></span> They -call this in the English language a turkey, and the people of India -call it <i>pīrū</i>; Persian-knowing Indians call it in -Persian <i>fīlmurg͟h</i>. They are now plentiful in India. -(Note of Sayyid Aḥmad.) <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5305src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5344" href="#xd24e5344src" name="xd24e5344">16</a></span> -Akbar-nāma, iii, 533. It was in the 33rd year. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5344src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5347" href="#xd24e5347src" name="xd24e5347">17</a></span> He -asked Ṭoḍar Mal’s protection, but the son was sent -(Akbar-nāma, iii, 533). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5347src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5350" href="#xd24e5350src" name="xd24e5350">18</a></span> This -name is not in all the MSS. It is another name for Iʿtiqād, -son of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5350src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5369" href="#xd24e5369src" name="xd24e5369">19</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 508. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5369src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5382" href="#xd24e5382src" name="xd24e5382">20</a></span> Elliot, -vi, 333. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5382src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5387" href="#xd24e5387src" name="xd24e5387">21</a></span> Raja of -Baglāna. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5387src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5391" href="#xd24e5391src" name="xd24e5391">22</a></span> A -periphrasis for Jahāngīr himself. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e5391src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5401" href="#xd24e5401src" name="xd24e5401">23</a></span> The -history of Nūr, i.e. the history of Nūru-d-dīn -Jahāngīr. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5401src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5411" href="#xd24e5411src" name="xd24e5411">24</a></span> Should -be Abū-n-nabī. See <i>infra</i>. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e5411src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5417" href="#xd24e5417src" name="xd24e5417">25</a></span> This -was Arjumand Bānū or Mumtāz-maḥall, the favourite -wife of S͟hāh Jahān and the mother of fourteen of his -children. She was the niece of Nūr-Jahān, her father being -Nūr-Jahān’s brother, the Āṣaf -K͟hān IV and Abū-l-ḥasan of Beale, who also had -the names of Iʿtiqād K͟hān and -Yamīnu-d-daulah. There is an account of the betrothal and wedding -in the Pāds͟hāh-nāma, i, 388. It seems that the -betrothal took place five years and three months before the marriage, -and when S͟hāh Jahān was 15 years old. At the time of -the marriage S͟hāh Jahān was 20 years and 3 months old -and Arjumand Bānū was 19 years and 1 month. 18th -K͟hūrdād, 1021, would correspond to about the end of -May, 1612, but the Pāds͟hāh-nāma gives the eve of -Friday, 9th Rabīʿu-l-awwal of 1021, corresponding to 22nd -Urdībihis͟ht, as the day of the marriage. This would -correspond to 30th April, 1612, so that apparently -Jahāngīr’s visit to the house (apparently -Iʿtimādu-d-daulah’s, but possibly S͟hāh -Jahān’s) took place about a month after the marriage. -Arjumand Bānū died in childbed at Burhanpur in 1040, or July, -1631, the chronogram being one word, viz. <i>g͟ham</i>, -‘grief.’ She must have been born in 1591, and was in her -40th year when she died. She was not S͟hāh Jahān’s -first wife, for he was married to the daughter of Muz̤affar -Ḥusain Ṣafawī, a descendant of S͟hāh -Ismaʿīl of Persia, in September, 1610 (Rajab, 1019), but the -betrothal to Arjumand was earlier than this. It was in Arjumand’s -honour that the Tāj was built. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5417src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5427" href="#xd24e5427src" name="xd24e5427">26</a></span> -<i>Tūrhā.</i> The corresponding passage in the -Iqbāl-nāma, p. 67, last line, shows that jewels are meant. -The text omits the preposition <i>ba</i> before -<i>Begamān</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5427src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5450" href="#xd24e5450src" name="xd24e5450">27</a></span> -<i>K͟hūn-pāra</i>, ‘congestion of blood’; -<i>pāra</i> or <i>bāra</i> is used to mean a collection or -gathering. See Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, ii, 221, where we -have <i>bāra yaʿnī jamʿī</i>. Erskine, in -spite of his MS., reads <i>chūn pāra</i> and translates -‘as quicksilver.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5450src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5471" href="#xd24e5471src" name="xd24e5471">28</a></span> -<i>Ās̤ār</i>, which, according to Forbes, is a sir -weight. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5471src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5483" href="#xd24e5483src" name="xd24e5483">29</a></span> Perhaps -it was only what is called a <i>chār-jāma</i> and not an -enclosed howdah. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5483src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5507" href="#xd24e5507src" name="xd24e5507">30</a></span> The -reference is to the Messiah as the restorer to life by His breath. For -<i>baguẕar</i>, ‘pass by,’ Erskine had in his MS. -<i>maguẕar</i>, ‘pass not.’ Apparently the verse -means that it is more meritorious for the Messiah to restore one man to -life than it is for another to slay a hundred infidels. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5507src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5525" href="#xd24e5525src" name="xd24e5525">31</a></span> -ʿAlī Aḥmad died suddenly two years before this, unless -indeed the passage at p. 169 refers to the mimic and not to -ʿAlī Aḥmad. Probably the meaning is that ʿAlī -Aḥmad had made this couplet on some previous occasion, and that -one of the courtiers now quoted it. His verse about the hundred murders -may contain a play on the word <i>k͟hūn</i>, -‘blood,’ and refer to the spilling of the blood-like wine. -It is difficult to understand how Jahāngīr came to introduce -the verse into his Memoirs here. It does not seem to have any -connection with the account of the Raja of Kumaon. Jahāngīr -says it was quoted ‘incidentally,’ <i>bā -taqarrubī</i>. Perhaps the word here means ‘by way of -parody,’ or ‘by way of paraphrase.’ In the MS. used -by Erskine the words of the first line seem to be <i>Maguẕar -Masīḥ bar sar-i-mā</i>, and so Erskine translates -“Pass not, O Messiah, over the heads of us victims of -love.” Perhaps <i>maguẕar</i> means ‘do not pass -by.’ <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5525src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5548" href="#xd24e5548src" name="xd24e5548">32</a></span> This is -the Dakhanī chief mentioned previously at p. 192. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5548src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5553" href="#xd24e5553src" name="xd24e5553">33</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 485. He acted in Kashmir for his brother -Hās͟him. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5553src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5562" href="#xd24e5562src" name="xd24e5562">34</a></span> The -<i>kaṭāra</i> was a long, narrow dagger. See -Blochmann’s Āyīn, pl. xli, fig. 9. But the word -<i>phūl</i> (flower) is obscure. Perhaps it means the knot or -crochet of jewels called by Chardin, iv, 164, ed. Rouen, “une -enseigne ronde de pierreries,” and which, he says, the Persians -called ‘rose de Poignard.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5562src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5575" href="#xd24e5575src" name="xd24e5575">35</a></span> He must -have remained more than four days, for he got the news of -Salīma’s death while in the garden. See <i>infra</i>. -Perhaps the date 10th refers to Day and not to <span class="corr" id= -"xd24e5580" title= -"Source: Ẕī-qaʿda">Ẕī-l-qaʿda</span>. -The Dahrah garden was in the environs of Agra. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e5575src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5588" href="#xd24e5588src" name="xd24e5588">36</a></span> This -statement is wrong. Salīma was 76 when she died, she having been -born on 4th S͟hawwāl, 945, or 23rd February, 1539. She died -on or about 10th Ẕī-l-qaʿda, 1021 (2nd January, 1613), -so that she was 73 solar years old. See note in B.M. MS. Or. 171, Rieu, -257<i>a</i>, and an article in J.A.S.B. for 1906. The note is by the -author of the Tārīk͟h-i-Muḥammadī and is at -72<i>a</i> of the B.M. MS. Or. 171, and the corresponding passage -appears in MS. Or. 182, on p. 140. The chronogram of -Salīma’s birth was -<i>K͟hūs͟h-ḥāl</i>, which yields 945. She was -about 3½ years older than Akbar. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5588src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5610" href="#xd24e5610src" name="xd24e5610">37</a></span> The -real name appears to be Abū-n-nabī. He had the title of -Bahādur K͟hān. See -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, i, 400. In the Akbar-nāma, -iii, 820 and 839, he is called <span class="corr" id="xd24e5612" title= -"Source: Abū-l-baqā">Abū-l-Baqā</span>. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e5610src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5617" href="#xd24e5617src" name="xd24e5617">38</a></span> This -must refer to the 2 months and 20 days of hunting. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5617src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="yr8" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e758">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">The Eighth New Year after the auspicious -Accession.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The eighth year after my accession, corresponding -with Muḥarram, 1022. On the night of Thursday, the 27th -Muḥarram, corresponding with the 1st Farwardīn in the eighth -year after my accession, after 3½ gharis of day had elapsed, his -honour the sun passed from the constellation of Pisces to that of -Aries, which is his abode of rejoicing and victory. Early in the -morning of the New Year’s Day the feast was prepared and adorned -after the custom of every year. At the end of that day I sat on the -throne of State, and the Amirs and ministers of the State and the -courtiers of the palace came to salute and congratulate me. On these -days of happy augury I sat the whole day in the public audience hall. -Those who had anything to ask or claim presented their petitions, and -the offerings of the servants of the palace were laid before me. -Abū-l-bī, governor of Qandahar, had sent for an offering Iraq -horses and hunting dogs, and they were brought before me. On the 9th of -the same month Afẓal K͟hān came from the Subah of -Behar, and in waiting on me presented 100 muhrs and 100 rupees, as well -as an elephant. On the 12th the offering of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah -was laid before me, consisting of jewels, cloths, and other things. -That which pleased me attained to the dignity of acceptance. Of the -elephants of Afẓal K͟hān’s offering ten others -were inspected on this day. On the 13th the offerings of Tarbiyat -K͟hān were laid before me. Muʿtaqid K͟hān -bought a house at Agra, and passed some days in that place. Misfortunes -happened to him one after another. We have heard that prosperity and -bad luck depend on four things: first, upon your wife; second, upon -your slave; third upon your house; fourth, upon your horse. In order to -know the prosperity or ill-luck of a house a rule has been established, -indeed they <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb236" href="#pb236" name= -"pb236">236</a>]</span>say it is infallible. One must clear a small -piece of the site from earth, and again strew the earth upon the same -ground. If it cover it, one may call it middling good fortune for that -house, neither prosperity nor misfortune; if it become less (i.e. does -not cover it exactly) it points to ill-luck, and if it does more (than -cover it) it is fortunate and auspicious. On the 14th the mansab of -Iʿtibār K͟hān was raised from 1,000 and 300 horse -to 2,000 personal and 500 horse. I increased the mansab of Tarbiyat -K͟hān by 500 personal and 50 horse, so that it became 2,000 -personal and 850 horse. Hūs͟hang, son of Islām -K͟hān, who was in Bengal with his father, came at this time -and paid his respects. He brought with him some Maghs, whose country is -near Pegu and Arracan, and the country is still in their possession. I -made some enquiries as to their customs and religion. Briefly they are -animals in the form of men. They eat everything there is either on land -or in the sea, and nothing is forbidden by their religion. They eat -with anyone. They take into their possession (marry) their sisters by -another mother. In face they are like the Qarā Qalmāqs, but -their language is that of Tibet and quite unlike Turkī. There is a -range of mountains, one end of which touches the province of -Kās͟hg͟har and the other the country of Pegu. They have -no proper religion or any customs that can be interpreted as religion. -They are far from the Musulman faith and separated from that of the -Hindus.</p> -<p class="par">Two or three days before the S͟haraf (the -sun’s highest point) my son K͟hurram desired me to go to his -house that he might present his New Year’s offerings from that -place. I agreed to his request, and remained for one day and one night -at his house. He presented his offerings. I took what I approved of and -gave him back the rest. The next day Murtaẓā K͟hān -presented his offerings. Every day until the day of culmination -(<i>rūz-i-s͟haraf</i>) the offerings of one or of two or -three of the Amirs were laid before me. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb237" href="#pb237" name="pb237">237</a>]</span>On Monday, the 19th -Farwardīn, the assembly of the S͟haraf was held. On that -auspicious day I sat on the throne of State, and an order was given -that they should produce all sorts of intoxicating things, such as -wine, etc., so that every one according to his desire might take what -he liked. Many took wine. The offerings of Mahābat K͟hān -were on this day brought to me. I gave one gold muhr of 1,000 tolas, -which is called the star of destiny -(<i>kaukab-i-t̤āliʿ</i>), to Yādgār -ʿAlī K͟hān, the ambassador of the ruler of Iran. -The feast went off well. After the assembly broke up I ordered that -they might carry off the furniture and decorations. The offering of the -Muqarrab K͟hān had not been arranged on New Year’s Day. -All sorts of rareties and excellent presents were now produced which he -had collected together. Amongst others, twelve Iraq and Arab horses -that had been brought in a ship, and jewelled saddles of Frank -workmanship<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5639src" href="#xd24e5639" name= -"xd24e5639src">1</a> were produced before me. To the mansab of -Nawāzis͟h K͟hān 500 horse were added so as to make -it one of 2,000 personal and horse. An elephant called Bansībadan, -which Islām K͟hān had sent from Bengal, was brought to -me and put among my special elephants. On the 3rd -Urdībihis͟ht, K͟hwāja Yādgār, brother of -ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, came from Gujarat and waited on me; he -offered 100 Jahāngīrī muhrs. After he had been in -attendance a few days he was honoured with the title of Sardār -K͟hān. As a competent bakhshi had to be sent to the army of -Bangas͟h and those regions, I chose Muʿtaqid K͟hān -for this duty, and increased his mansab by 300 personal and 50 horse so -that it became 1,500 with 350 horse, and dismissed him. It was settled -that he must go quickly. I sent off Muḥammad Ḥusain -Chelebī, who understood the purchase of jewels and collecting -curiosities, with money to go by <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb238" -href="#pb238" name="pb238">238</a>]</span>way of Iraq to Constantinople -and buy and bring for the Sarkar curiosities and rareties. For this -purpose it was necessary that he should pay his respects to the ruler -of Iran. I had given him a letter and a memorandum (of what he was to -procure). Briefly, he saw my brother, S͟hāh ʿAbbās, -in Mashhad, and the king enquired from him what kind of things should -be brought for his master’s Sarkar. As he was urgent, -Chelebī showed the list he had brought with him. In that list -there were entered good turquoise and <i>mūmīyā</i> -(bitumen) from the mine of Ispahan. He told him that these two articles -were not to be bought, but he would send them for me. He authorized -Uwaisī Tūpchī (gunner), who was one of his private -servants, to hand over to him six bags (<i>ambāncha</i>) of -turquoise earth holding about 30 seers, with 14 tolas of mumiya and -four Iraq horses, one of which was a piebald, and he wrote a letter -containing many, many expressions of friendship. With regard to the -inferior quality of the turquoise dust (<i>k͟hāka</i>) and -the small quantity of mumiya he made many apologies. The khaka appeared -very inferior. Although the jewellers and makers of rings made every -endeavour, no stone that was fit to be made into a finger ring could be -produced. Probably in these days turquoise dust is not procurable from -the mines such as it was in the time of the late king -T̤ahmāsp. He mentioned all this in the letter. With regard to -the effect of mumiya I had heard much from scientists, but when I tried -it no result was apparent. I do not know whether physicians have -exaggerated its effect, or whether its efficacy had been lessened by -its being stale. At any rate, I gave it to a fowl with a broken leg to -drink in larger quantity than they said and in the manner laid down by -the physicians, and rubbed some on the place where it was broken, and -kept it there for three days, though it was said to be sufficient to -keep it from morning till evening. But after I had examined it, no -effect was produced, and <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb239" href= -"#pb239" name="pb239">239</a>]</span>the broken place remained as it -was.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5664src" href="#xd24e5664" name= -"xd24e5664src">2</a> In a separate letter the Shah had written a -recommendation of Salāmu-llah, the Arab. I immediately increased -his mansab and his jagir.</p> -<p class="par">I sent one of my private elephants with trappings to -ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān and gave another to Qilīj -K͟hān. I ordered that assignments -(<i>tank͟hwāh</i>) should be made to 12,000 horse on the -establishment<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5681src" href="#xd24e5681" -name="xd24e5681src">3</a> of ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān at the -rate of three horses and two horses for each trooper. As previously -with a view to service in Junagarh I had increased the mansab of his -brother Sardār K͟hān by 500 personal and 300 horse, and -had afterwards assigned the duty to Kāmil K͟hān, I -ordered that he should retain his increase and that it should be -counted (permanently) in his mansab. I increased the rank of -Sarfarāz K͟hān, which was that of 1,500 personal and 500 -horse, by 200 horse more. On the 27th Urdībihis͟ht, -corresponding with the 26th Rabīʿu-l-awwal, in the eighth -year of my reign, in the year 1022 of the Hijra era, on Thursday, the -meeting for my lunar weighing took place in the house of -Maryam-zamānī (his mother). Some of the money that was -weighed I ordered to be given to the women and the deserving ones who -had assembled in my mother’s house. On the same day I increased -by 1,000 the mansab of Murtaẓā K͟hān, so that it -came to 6,000 personal and 5,000 <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb240" -href="#pb240" name="pb240">240</a>]</span>horse. K͟husrau Beg, a -slave of Mīrzā K͟hān, came from Patna in the -company of ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq Maʿmūrī and waited -on me, and Sardār K͟hān, brother of ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān, obtained leave to go to Ahmadabad. An Afghan had -brought from the Carnatic two goats that had <i>pāzahar</i> -(bezoar stones, an antidote against poison). I had always heard that an -animal that has pazahar is very thin and miserable, but these goats -were very fat and fresh. I ordered them to kill one of them, which was -a female. Four pazahar stones became apparent, and this caused great -astonishment.</p> -<p class="par">It is an established fact that cheetahs in unaccustomed -places do not pair off with a female, for my revered father once -collected together 1,000 cheetahs. He was very desirous that they -should pair, but this in no way came off. He had many times coupled -male and female cheetahs together in gardens, but there, too, it did -not come off. At this time a male cheetah, having slipped its collar, -went to a female and paired with it, and after two and a half months -three young ones were born and grew up. This has been recorded because -it appeared strange. As cheetahs did not pair with cheetahs, (still -less) had it ever been heard in former times(?) that tigers mated in -captivity. As in the time of my reign wild beasts have abandoned their -savagery, tigers have become so tame that troops of them without chains -or restraint go about amongst the people, and they neither harm men nor -have any wildness or alarm. It happened that a tigress became pregnant -and after three months bore three cubs; it had never happened that a -wild tiger after its capture had paired. It had been heard from -philosophers that the milk of a tigress was of great use for -brightening eyes. Although we made every effort that the moisture of -milk should appear in her breasts, we could not accomplish it. It -occurs to me that as it is a raging creature, and milk appears in the -breasts of mothers by reason of the affection they have for their -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb241" href="#pb241" name= -"pb241">241</a>]</span>young, as milk<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5708src" href="#xd24e5708" name="xd24e5708src">4</a> comes into -their breasts in connection with their young ones drinking and sucking -at the time of their taking (the milk), their (the mothers’) rage -increases and the milk in their breasts is dried up.</p> -<p class="par">At the end of Urdībihis͟ht, K͟hwāja -Qāsim, brother of K͟hwāja ʿAbdu-l-ʿAzīz, -who is of the Naqs͟hbandī K͟hwājas, came from -Māwarāʾa-n-nahr and waited on me. After a few days -12,000 rupees were given to him as a present. As K͟hwāja -Jahān had made a melon-bed in the neighbourhood of the city, when -two watches of day had passed on Thursday, the 10th -K͟hūrdād, I got into a boat and went to inspect the -melon-bed, and took the ladies with me. We reached there when two or -three gharis of day were left, and passed the evening in walking among -the beds. A wonderfully sharp wind and whirlwind sprang up, so that the -tents and screens fell down. I got into the boat and passed the night -in it. I also passed part of the Friday in walking about the melon-bed, -and returned to the city. Afẓal K͟hān, who for a long -time had been afflicted with boils and other sores, died on the 10th -K͟hūrdād. I transferred the jagir and hereditary land of -Rāja Jagman, who had failed in his service in the Deccan, to -Mahābat K͟hān. S͟haik͟h Pīr, who is one -of the emancipated ones who hold aloof from the attachments of the age, -and who on account of the pure friendship that he bears towards me has -chosen to be my companion and servant, had before this founded a mosque -in the parganah of Mairtha, which is his native place. At this time he -took occasion to mention the circumstance. As I found his mind bent on -the completion of this building I gave him 4,000 rupees, so that he -himself might go and expend it, and also gave him a valuable -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb242" href="#pb242" name= -"pb242">242</a>]</span>shawl and dismissed him. In the public audience -hall there were two railings (<i>maḥjar</i>) of wood. Inside the -first, Amirs, ambassadors, and people of honour sat, and no one entered -this circle without an order. Within the second railing, which is -broader than the first, the mansabdars of inferior rank,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5724src" href="#xd24e5724" name="xd24e5724src">5</a> -ahadis, and those who had work to do are admitted. Outside this railing -stand the servants of the Amirs and all the people who may enter the -Diwankhana. As there was no difference between the first and second -railings, it occurred to me that I should decorate the first with -silver. I ordered this railing and the staircase that led from this -railing to the balcony of the Jharokha, as well as the two elephants -placed on the two sides of the seat of the Jharokha, which skilful -people had made of wood, to be decorated with silver. After this was -completed it was reported to me that 125 maunds of silver in Hindustani -weight, equal to 880 maunds of Persia, had been used up; indeed, it now -assumed a worthy appearance.</p> -<p class="par">On the 3rd of the month of Tīr, Muz̤affar -K͟hān came from Thatta<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5732src" -href="#xd24e5732" name="xd24e5732src">6</a> and waited on me. He made -an offering of twelve muhrs and a Koran with a jewelled cover, and two -jewelled roses(?) (<i>dū gul</i>). On the 14th of the same month -Ṣafdar K͟hān came from the Subah of Behar and waited on -me, offering 101 muhrs. After Muz̤affar K͟hān had been -some days in attendance, I increased his former mansab by 500 personal, -and giving him a standard and a private shawl dismissed him to -Thatta.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5738src" href="#xd24e5738" name= -"xd24e5738src">7</a></p> -<p class="par">I knew that every animal or living thing bitten by a mad -dog died, but this had not been ascertained in <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb243" href="#pb243" name="pb243">243</a>]</span>the -case of an elephant. In my time it so happened that one night a mad dog -came into the place where was tied one of my private elephants, -Gajpatī<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5745src" href="#xd24e5745" -name="xd24e5745src">8</a> by name, and bit the foot of a female -elephant that was with mine. She at once cried out. The -elephant-keepers at once ran in, and the dog fled away into a -thorn-brake that is there. After a little while it came in again and -bit my private elephant’s fore-foot as well. The elephant killed -it. When a month and five days had passed after this event, one day -when it was cloudy the growling of thunder came to the ear of the -female elephant, that was in the act of eating, and it of a sudden -raised a cry and its limbs began to tremble. It threw itself on the -ground, but rose again. For seven days water ran out of its mouth, then -suddenly it uttered a cry and showed distress. The remedies the drivers -gave it had no effect, and on the eighth day it fell and died. A month -after the death of the female elephant they took the large elephant to -the edge of the river in the plain. It was cloudy and thundery in the -same way. The said elephant in the height of excitement all at once -began to tremble and sat down on the ground. With a thousand -difficulties the drivers took it to its own place. After the same -interval and in the same way that had happened to the female elephant -this elephant also died. Great amazement was caused by this affair, and -in truth it is a matter to be wondered at that an animal of such size -and bulk should be so much affected by a little wound inflicted on it -by such a weak creature.</p> -<p class="par">As K͟hānk͟hānan had repeatedly -begged for leave to be given to his son S͟hāh-nawāz -K͟hān, on the 4th Amurdād I gave him a horse and a robe -of honour and dismissed him to the Deccan. I promoted Yaʿqūb -Badak͟hs͟hī, whose <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb244" -href="#pb244" name="pb244">244</a>]</span>mansab was 150, to 1,500 -personal and 1,000 horse, on account of the bravery he had displayed, -and gave him the title of K͟hān as well as a standard.</p> -<p class="par">The Hindus are in four divisions, and each of these acts -according to its own rules and ways. In every year they keep a fixed -day. The first is the caste of the Brahmans,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5754src" href="#xd24e5754" name="xd24e5754src">9</a> that is -those who know the Incomparable God. Their duties are of six -kinds—(1) to acquire religious knowledge, (2) to give -instructions to others, (3) to worship fire, (4) to lead men to the -worship of fire, (5) giving something to the needy, (6) taking gifts. -There is for this caste an appointed day, and that is the last day of -the month of Sāwan, the second month of the rainy season.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5757src" href="#xd24e5757" name= -"xd24e5757src">10</a> They consider this an auspicious day, and the -worshippers go on that day to the banks of rivers and tanks, and recite -enchantments, breathe upon cords and coloured threads; on another day, -which is the first of the New Year, they fasten them on the hands of -the Rajas and great men of the time, and look on them as (good) omens. -They call this thread <i>rākhī</i>,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5763src" href="#xd24e5763" name="xd24e5763src">11</a> that is, -preservation (<i>nigāh-dās͟ht</i>). This day occurs in -the month of Tīr, when the world-heating sun is in the -constellation of Cancer. The second caste is that of the Chhatrī, -which is known as Khatrī. Their duty is to protect the oppressed -from the evil of the oppressors. The customs of this caste are three -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb245" href="#pb245" name= -"pb245">245</a>]</span>things—(1) that they study religious -science themselves but do not teach others; (2) that they worship fire, -but do not teach others to do so; (3) that they give to the needy, but -although they are needy take nothing themselves. The day of this caste -is the <i>Bijay dasamīn</i>, ‘the victorious -tenth.’<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5781src" href="#xd24e5781" -name="xd24e5781src">12</a> On this day with them it is lucky to mount -and go against one’s enemy with an army. Rām Chand, whom -they worship as their god, leading his army on that day against his -enemy won a victory, and they consider this a great day, and, -decorating their elephants and horses, perform worship. This day falls -in the month of S͟hahrīwar,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5784src" href="#xd24e5784" name="xd24e5784src">13</a> when the -Sun is in the mansion of Virgo, and on it they give presents to those -who look after their horses and elephants. The third caste is that of -Bais͟h (Vais͟hya)<span class="corr" id="xd24e5793" title= -"Not in source">.</span> Its custom is this, that they serve the other -two castes of which mention has been made. They practise agriculture -and buying and selling, and are employed in the business of profit and -interest. This caste has also a fixed day which they call the -Dewālī; this day occurs in the month of Mihr when the sun is -in the constellation of Libra, the 28th day of the lunar month. On the -night of that day they light lamps, and friends and those who are dear -assemble in each other’s houses and pass their time busily in -gambling. As the eyes of this caste are on profit and interest, they -consider carrying over and opening new accounts on that day auspicious. -The fourth caste is the Sudras, who are the lowest caste of the Hindus. -They are the servants of all, and derive no profit from those things -which are the specialities of every (other) caste. Thursday is the -Holī, which in their belief is the last day of the year. This day -occurs in the month of Isfandārmuẕ, when the sun is in the -constellation of Pisces. On the night of <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb246" href="#pb246" name="pb246">246</a>]</span>this day they light -fires at the head of the streets and ways, and when it becomes day they -for one watch scatter the ashes on each other’s heads and faces, -and make a wonderful noise and disturbance, and after this wash -themselves, put on their apparel, and walk about in the gardens and on -the plains. As it is an established custom of the Hindus to burn the -dead, to light fires on this night, which is the last night of the year -that has passed, signifies that they burn the last year, which has gone -to the abode of the dead. In the time of my revered father the Hindu -Amirs and others in imitation of them performed the ceremony of rakhi -in adorning him, making strings of rubies and royal pearls and flowers -jewelled with gems of great value and binding them on his auspicious -arms. This custom was carried on for some years. As they carried this -extravagance to excess, and he disliked it, he forbade it. The brahmans -by way of auguries used to tie these strings and (pieces of) silk -according to their custom. I also in this year carried out this -laudable religious practice, and ordered that the Hindu Amirs and the -heads of the caste<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5799src" href= -"#xd24e5799" name="xd24e5799src">14</a> should fasten rakhis on my -arms. On the day of the rakhi, which was the 9th Amurdād, they -performed the same rites, and other castes by way of imitation did not -give up this bigotry; this year I agreed to it, and ordered that the -brahmans should bind strings (of cotton) and silk after the ancient -manner. On this day by chance fell the anniversary of the death of the -late king.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5808src" href="#xd24e5808" name= -"xd24e5808src">15</a> The commemoration of such an anniversary is one -of the standing rules and customs in Hindustan. Every year on the day -of the death of their fathers and those who <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb247" href="#pb247" name="pb247">247</a>]</span>are -dear to them, each according to his circumstances and ability prepares -food and all kinds of perfumes, and the learned men, the respectable -and other men assemble, and these assemblies sometimes last a week. On -this day I sent Bābā K͟hurram to the venerated tomb to -arrange the assemblage, and 10,000 rupees were given to ten trustworthy -servants to divide among fakirs and those who were in want.</p> -<p class="par">On the 15th of the month of Amurdād the offering of -Islām K͟hān was laid before me. He had sent 28 -elephants, 40 horses of that part of the country which are known as -<i>ṭānghan</i>, 50 eunuchs, 500 <i>pargāla nafīs -sitārkāṅī</i>.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5821src" -href="#xd24e5821" name="xd24e5821src">16</a></p> -<p class="par">It had been made a rule that the events of the Subahs -should be reported according to the boundaries of each, and -news-writers from the Court had been appointed for this duty. This -being the rule that my revered father had laid down, I also observe it, -and much gain and great advantage are to be brought about by it and -information is acquired about the world and its inhabitants. If the -advantages of this were to be written down it would become a long -affair. At this time the news-writer of Lahore reported that at the end -of the month of Tīr ten men had gone from the city to -Amānābād, which lies at a distance of 12 kos. As the air -was very hot, they took shelter under a tree. Soon afterwards wind and -a dust-storm (<i>chakrī</i>) sprang up, and when it blew on that -band of men they trembled, and nine of them died under the tree, and -only one remained alive; he was ill for a long time, and recovered with -great difficulty. In that neighbourhood such bad <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb248" href="#pb248" name="pb248">248</a>]</span>air -was created that numerous birds who had their nests in that tree all -fell down and died, and that the wild beasts (beasts of the plain, -perhaps cattle) came and threw themselves on to the cultivated fields, -and, rolling about on the grass, gave up their lives. In short, many -animals perished. On Thursday, the 13th Amurdād, having said my -prayers (lit. counted my rosary), I embarked on board a boat for the -purpose of hunting in the village of Samonagar, which is one of my -fixed hunting-places. On the 3rd S͟hahrīwar, K͟hān -ʿĀlam, whom I had sent for from the Deccan in order to -despatch him to Iraq in company with the ambassador of the ruler of -Iran, came and waited on me at this place. He offered 100 muhrs. As -Samonagar was in Mahābat K͟hān’s jagir, he had -prepared a delightful halting-place there on the bank of the river, and -it pleased me greatly. He presented offerings of an elephant and an -emerald ring. The former was put into my private stud. Up to the 6th -S͟hahrīwar I was employed in hunting. In these few days 47 -head of antelope, male and female, and other animals were killed. At -this time Dilāwar K͟hān sent as an offering a ruby, -which was accepted. I sent a special sword for Islām -K͟hān. I increased the mansab of Hasan ʿAlī -Turkumān, which was 1,000 personal and 700 horse, by 500 personal -and 100 horse. At the end of Thursday, the 20th of the same month, in -the house of Maryam-zamānī, my solar weighing took place. I -weighed myself according to the usual custom against metals and other -things. I had this year attained to the age of 44 solar years. On the -same day Yādgār ʿAlī, ambassador of the ruler of -Iran, and K͟hān ʿĀlam, who had been nominated to -accompany him from this side, received their leave to go. On -Yādgār ʿAlī there were bestowed a horse with a -jewelled saddle, a jewelled sword, a vest without sleeves with gold -embroidery, an aigrette with feathers and a <i>jīg͟ha</i> -(turban ornament), and 30,000 <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb249" -href="#pb249" name="pb249">249</a>]</span>rupees in cash, altogether -40,000 rupees, and on K͟hān ʿĀlam a jewelled -<i>khapwa</i> or <i>phūl kaṭāra</i> (a sort of dagger) -with a pendant of royal pearls. On the 22nd of the same month I visited -the venerated mausoleum of my revered father at -Bihis͟htābād, riding on an elephant. On the way 5,000 -rupees in small coin were scattered round, and I gave other 5,000 -rupees to K͟hwāja Jahān to divide among the dervishes. -Having said my evening prayers, I went back to the city in a boat. As -the house of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah was on the bank of the river -Jumna, I alighted there until the end of the next day. Having accepted -what pleased me of his offerings, I went towards the palace; -Iʿtiqād K͟hān’s house was also on the bank of -the river Jumna; at his request I disembarked there with the ladies, -and walked round the houses he had lately built there. This delightful -place pleased me greatly. He had produced suitable offerings of cloth -stuffs and jewels and other things; these were all laid before me and -most of them were approved. When it was near evening I entered the -auspicious palace. As the astrologers had fixed an hour in this night -for starting for Ajmir, when seven gharis of the night of Monday, the -2nd S͟haʿbān, corresponding with the 24th -S͟hahrīwar, had passed, I started in happiness and prosperity -with intent to go there from the capital of Agra. In this undertaking -two things were agreeable to me, one a pilgrimage to the splendid -mausoleum of K͟hwāja Muʿīnu-d-dīn -Chis͟htī, from the blessing of whose illustrious soul great -advantages had been derived by this dignified family, and whose -venerable shrine I had not visited after my accession to the throne. -The second was the defeat and beating back of the rebel Rānā -Amar Singh, who is one of the most considerable of the Zamindars and -Rajas of Hindustan, and whose headship and leadership and those of his -ancestors all the Rajas and Rays of this province agree to. The -administration has for long been in the <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb250" href="#pb250" name="pb250">250</a>]</span>hands of this family, -and they have long borne rule towards the East, that is the Pūrab. -They became in that time well known under the title of Rajas. After -this they fell on the Deccan<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5860src" href= -"#xd24e5860" name="xd24e5860src">17</a> and took possession of many of -the countries of that region. In the place of Raja they have taken the -title of Rāwal. After this they came into the hill country of -Mewāt, and by degrees got into their possession the fort of -Chitor. From that date until this day, which is in the eighth year -after my accession, 1,471 years have passed.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5863src" href="#xd24e5863" name="xd24e5863src">18</a></p> -<p class="par">There are twenty-six others of this caste who have ruled -for 1,010 years. They have the title of Rāwal, and from the -Rāwal who was first known as Rāwal down to Rānā -Amar Singh, the present Rānā, there are twenty-six -individuals who have ruled for the space of 461 years. During this long -time they have never bent their necks in obedience to any of the kings -of the country of Hindustan, and have for most of the time been -rebellious and troublesome, so much so that in the reign of the late -king Bābar, Rānā Sāngā collected together all -the Rajas, Rays, and Zamindars of this province, and fought a battle in -the neighbourhood of Biyāna with 180,000 horse and several lakhs -of foot-soldiers. By the aid of Almighty God and the assistance of -fortune the victorious army of Islām prevailed against the infidel -forces, and a great defeat happened to them. The details of this battle -have been given in the Memoirs of King Bābar. My revered father -(may his bright tomb be the abode of unending Grace) exerted himself -greatly <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb251" href="#pb251" name= -"pb251">251</a>]</span>to put down these rebels, and several times sent -armies against them. In the twelfth year after his accession he set -himself to capture the fort of Chitor, which is one of the strongest -forts of the inhabited world, and to overthrow the kingdom of the -Rānā, and after four months and ten days of siege took it by -force from the men of Amar Singh’s father, after much fighting, -and returned after destroying the fort. Every time the victorious -forces pressed him hard in order to capture him or make him a fugitive, -but it so happened that this was not effected. In the end of his reign, -on the same day and hour that he proceeded to the conquest of the -Deccan, he sent me with a large army and reliable Sardars against the -Rānā. By chance these two affairs, for reasons which it would -take too long to recount, did not succeed. At last I came to the -throne, and as this matter was only half done, the first army I sent to -the borders was this one. Making my son Parwīz its leader, the -leading nobles who were at the capital were appointed to this duty. I -sent abundant treasure and artillery with him. As every matter depends -on its own season, at this juncture the unhappy affair of K͟husrau -occurred, and I had to pursue him to the Panjab. The province and the -capital of Agra remained void. I had necessarily to write that -Parwīz should return with some of the Amirs and take charge of -Agra and the neighbourhood. In short, this time again the matter of the -Rānā did not go off as it should. When by the favour of Allah -my mind was at rest from K͟husrau’s disturbance, and Agra -became again the alighting place of the royal standards, a victorious -army was appointed under the leadership of Mahābat -K͟hān, ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, and other leaders, -and from that date up to the time when the royal standards started for -Ajmir his country was trodden under foot by the victorious forces. As -finally the affair did not assume <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb252" -href="#pb252" name="pb252">252</a>]</span>an approved form, it occurred -to me that, as I had nothing to do at Agra, and I was convinced that -until I myself went there the affair would not be set to rights, I left -the fort of Agra and alighted at the Dahrah garden. On the next day the -festival of the Dasahrā took place. According to the usual custom -they decorated the elephants and horses, and I had them before me. As -the mothers and sisters of K͟husrau repeatedly represented to me -that he was very repentant of his deeds, the feelings (lit. sweat) of -fatherly affection having come into movement, I sent for him and -determined that he should come every day to pay his respects to me. I -remained for eight days in that garden. On the 28th news arrived that -Rāja Rām Dās, who was doing service in Bangash and the -neighbourhood of Kabul with Qilīj K͟hān, had died. On -the 1st of the month of Mihr I marched from the garden, and dismissed -K͟hwāja Jahān to look after the capital of Agra and -guard the treasure and the palace, and gave him an elephant and a -special robe (<i>fargul</i>). On the 2nd Mihr news arrived that -Rāja Bāso had died in the thanah of Shahabad,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5881src" href="#xd24e5881" name= -"xd24e5881src">19</a> which is on the border of the territory of Amar. -On the 10th of the same month I halted at Rūp Bās, which has -now been named Amānābād. Formerly this district had been -given as jagir to Rūp K͟hawāṣṣ. Afterwards, -bestowing it on Amānu-llah, son of Mahābat K͟hān, I -ordered it to be called by his name. Eleven days were passed at this -halting-place. As it is a fixed hunting-place, I every day mounted to -go hunting, and in these few days 158 antelopes, male and female, and -other animals were killed. On the 25th of the month I marched from -Amānābād. On the 31st, corresponding with the 8th -Ramaẓān, K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan, whom I -had sent for from Burhanpur, came and waited on me, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb253" href="#pb253" name="pb253">253</a>]</span>and -presented as offerings 50 muhrs, 15 jewelled vessels, and an elephant, -which I placed in my private stud. On the 2nd Ābān, -corresponding with the 10th Ramaẓān, news came of the death -of Qilīj K͟hān. He was one of the ancient servants of -the State, and obtained the mercy of God in the 80th year of his age. -He was employed at Peshawar in the duty of keeping in order the Afghans -full of darkness.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5887src" href="#xd24e5887" -name="xd24e5887src">20</a> His rank was 6,000 personal and 5,000 horse. -Murtaẓā K͟hān Dakhanī was unrivalled in the -art of <i>pūlta-bāzī</i>, which in the language of the -Dakhanis they call <i>yagānagī</i>, and the Moguls -<i>s͟hams͟hīr-bāzī</i>, -‘sword-play’ (fencing). For some time I studied it with -him. At this time I exalted him with the title of Warzis͟h -K͟hān (Exercise-K͟hān). I had established a custom -that deserving people and dervishes should be brought before me every -night, so that I might bestow on them, after personal enquiry into -their condition, land, or gold, or clothes. Amongst these was a man who -represented to me that the name Jahāngīr, according to the -science of <i>abjad</i> (numerals reckoned by letters), corresponded to -the great name “Allah Akbar.”<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5902src" href="#xd24e5902" name="xd24e5902src">21</a> Considering -this a good omen, I gave him who discovered (this coincidence) land, a -horse, cash, and clothing. On Monday, the 5th S͟hawwāl, -corresponding to the 26th Ābān, the hour for entering Ajmir -was fixed. On the morning of the said day I went towards it. When the -fort and the buildings of the shrine of the revered K͟hwāja -appeared in sight, I traversed on foot the remainder of the road, about -a kos. I placed trustworthy men on both sides of the road, who went -along giving money to fakirs and the necessitous. When four gharis of -day had passed, I entered the city and its inhabited portion, and in -the fifth ghari had the honour of visiting the venerated mausoleum. -After visiting it I proceeded to <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb254" -href="#pb254" name="pb254">254</a>]</span>the auspicious palace, and -the next day ordered all those present in this honoured resting-place, -both small and great, belonging to the city, and travellers, to be -brought before me, that they might be made happy with numerous gifts -according to their real circumstances. On the 7th Āẕar I -went to see and shoot on the tank of Pushkar, which is one of the -established praying-places of the Hindus, with regard to the perfection -of which they give (excellent) accounts that are incredible to any -intelligence, and which is situated at a distance of three kos from -Ajmir. For two or three days I shot water-fowl on that tank, and -returned to Ajmir. Old and new temples which, in the language of the -infidels, they call Deohara<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5908src" href= -"#xd24e5908" name="xd24e5908src">22</a> are to be seen around this -tank. Among them Rānā S͟hankar, who is the uncle of the -rebel Amar, and in my kingdom is among the high nobles, had built a -Deohara of great magnificence, on which 100,000 rupees had been spent. -I went to see that temple. I found a form cut out of black stone, which -from the neck above was in the shape of a pig’s head, and the -rest of the body was like that of a man. The worthless religion of the -Hindus is this, that once on a time for some particular object the -Supreme Ruler thought it necessary to show himself in this shape; on -this account they hold it dear and worship it.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5911src" href="#xd24e5911" name="xd24e5911src">23</a> I ordered -them to break that hideous form and throw it into the tank. After -looking at this building there appeared a white dome on the top of a -hill, to which men were coming from all quarters. When I asked about -this they said that a Jogī lived there, and when the simpletons -come to see him he places in their hands a handful<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e5914src" href="#xd24e5914" name="xd24e5914src">24</a> of -flour, which they put into their mouths and imitate the cry -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb255" href="#pb255" name= -"pb255">255</a>]</span>of an animal which these fools have at some time -injured, in order that by this act their sins may be blotted out. I -ordered them to break down that place and turn the Jogī out of it, -as well as to destroy the form of an idol there was in the dome. -Another belief they have is that there is no bottom to this tank. After -enquiry it appeared that it is nowhere deeper than 12 cubits. I also -measured it round and it was about 1½ kos.</p> -<p class="par">On the 16th Āẕar news came that the watchmen -had marked down a tigress. I immediately went there and killed it with -a gun and returned. After a few days a nilgaw (blue bull) was killed, -of which I ordered them to take off the skin in my presence and cook it -as food for the poor. Over 200 people assembled and ate it, and I gave -money with my own hand to each of them. In the same month news came -that the Franks of Goa had, contrary to treaty, plundered four cargo -vessels<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5927src" href="#xd24e5927" name= -"xd24e5927src">25</a> that frequented the port of Surat in the -neighbourhood of that port: and, making prisoners a large number of -Musulmans, had taken possession of the goods and chattels that were in -those ships. This being very disagreeable to my mind, I despatched -Muqarrab K͟hān, who is in charge of the port, on the 18th -Āẕar, giving him a horse and elephant and a dress of honour, -to obtain compensation for this affair. On account of the great -activity and good services of Yūsuf K͟hān and -Bahāduru-l-mulk in the Subah of the Deccan, I sent standards for -them.</p> -<p class="par">It has been written that my chief object, after my visit -to the K͟hwāja, was to put a stop to the affair of the rebel -Rānā. On this account I determined to remain myself at -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb256" href="#pb256" name= -"pb256">256</a>]</span>Ajmir and send on Bābā K͟hurram, -my fortunate son. This idea was a very good one, and on this account, -on the 6th of Day, at the hour fixed upon, I despatched him in -happiness and triumph. I presented him with a <i>qabā</i> (outer -coat) of gold brocade with jewelled flowers and pearls round the -flowers, a brocaded turban with strings of pearls, a gold woven sash -with chains of pearls, one of my private elephants called Fatḥ -Gaj, with trappings, a special horse, a jewelled sword, and a jewelled -<i>khapwa</i>, with a <i>phūl kaṭāra</i>. In addition -to the men first appointed to this duty under the leadership of -K͟hān Aʿz̤am, I sent 12,000 more horse with my son, -and honoured their leaders, each according to his condition, with -special horses and elephants and robes of honour, and dismissed them. -Fidāʾī K͟hān was nominated to the -paymastership of this army. At the same time Ṣafdar -K͟hān was despatched to the government of Kashmir in place of -Hāshim K͟hān. He received a horse and robe of honour. On -Wednesday, the 11th, K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan was made -general paymaster (<i>bak͟hs͟hī-kul</i>), and received a -dress of honour. I had ordered them to make a large caldron<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5953src" href="#xd24e5953" name= -"xd24e5953src">26</a> at Agra for the revered mausoleum of the -K͟hwāja. On this day it was brought, and I ordered them to -cook food for the poor in that pot, and collect together the poor of -Ajmir to feed them whilst I was there. Five thousand people assembled, -and all ate of this food to their fill. After the food I gave money to -each of the dervishes with my own hand. At this time Islām -K͟hān, governor of Bengal, was promoted to the mansab of -6,000 personal and horse, and a flag was given to Mukarram -K͟hān, son of Muʿāz̤z̤am -K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">On the 1st of Isfandārmuẕ, corresponding with -the 10th Muḥarram, 1023 (20th February, 1614), I left -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb257" href="#pb257" name= -"pb257">257</a>]</span>Ajmir to hunt nilgaw, and returned on the 9th. I -halted at the fountain of Ḥāfiz̤ Jamāl,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e5966src" href="#xd24e5966" name= -"xd24e5966src">27</a> two kos from the city, and passed the night of -Friday<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5969src" href="#xd24e5969" name= -"xd24e5969src">28</a> there. At the end of the day I entered the city. -In these twenty days ten nilgaw had been killed. As the good service of -K͟hwāja Jahān and the smallness of his force for the -defence and government of Agra and that neighbourhood were brought to -my notice, I increased his mansab by 500 personal and 100 horse. On the -same day Abū-l-fatḥ Dakhanī came from his jagir and -waited on me. On the 3rd of the same month news came of the death of -Islām K͟hān; he had died on Thursday, the 5th Rajab, in -the year 1022 (21st August, 1613). In one day, without any previous -illness, this inevitable event occurred. He was one of those born and -brought up in the house (house-born). The naturally good disposition -and knowledge of affairs that showed themselves in him were seen in no -one else. He ruled Bengal with entire authority, and brought within the -civil jurisdiction of the province countries that had never previously -come under the sway of any of the jagirdars or into the possession of -any of the Chiefs of the State. If death had not overtaken him he would -have done perfect service.</p> -<p class="par">The K͟hān Aʿz̤am had himself prayed -that the illustrious prince should be appointed to the campaign against -the Rānā, yet, notwithstanding all kinds of encouragement and -gratification on the part of my son (S͟hāh Jahān), he -would not apply himself to the task, but proceeded to act in his own -unworthy manner. When this was heard by me, I sent Ibrāhīm -Ḥusain, who was one of my most trusty attendants, to him, and -sent affectionate <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb258" href="#pb258" -name="pb258">258</a>]</span>messages to him to say that when he was at -Burhanpur he had daily begged this duty of me, as he considered it -equivalent to the happiness of both worlds, and had said in meetings -and assemblies that if he should be killed in this enterprise he would -be a martyr, and if he prevailed, a g͟hāzī. I had given -him whatever support and assistance of artillery he had asked for. -After this he had written that without the movement of the royal -standards to those regions the completion of the affair was not free of -difficulty. By his counsel I had come to Ajmir, and this neighbourhood -had been thus honoured and dignified. Now that he had himself prayed -for the prince, and everything had been carried out according to his -counsel, why did he withdraw his foot from the field of battle and -enter the place of disagreement? To Bābā K͟hurram, from -whom up till now I had never parted, and whom I sent in pure reliance -on his (K͟hān Aʿz̤am’s) knowledge of affairs, -he should show loyalty and approved good-will, and never be neglectful -day or night of his duty to my son. If, contrariwise, he should draw -back his foot from what he had agreed to, he must know that there would -be mischief. Ibrāhīm Ḥusain went, and impressed these -words on his mind in the same detailed way. It was of no avail, as he -would not go back from his folly and determination. When Bābā -K͟hurram saw that his being in the affair was a cause of -disturbance, he kept him under observation and represented that his -being there was in no way fitting, and he was acting thus and spoiling -matters simply on account of the connection he had with -K͟husrau.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5978src" href="#xd24e5978" -name="xd24e5978src">29</a> I then ordered Mahābat K͟hān -to go and bring him from Udaipur, and told Muḥammad Taqī, -the diwan of buildings, to go to Mandesūr and bring his children -and dependants to Ajmir.</p> -<p class="par">On the 11th of the month news came that Dulīp, son -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb259" href="#pb259" name= -"pb259">259</a>]</span>of Rāy Singh, who was of a seditious and -rebellious disposition, had been heavily defeated by his younger -brother, Rāo Sūraj Singh, who had been sent against him, and -that he was making disturbance in one of the districts of the Sarkar of -Ḥiṣṣar. About this time Hāshim of K͟host, -the faujdār, and the jagirdars of that neighbourhood seized him, -and sent him as a prisoner to Court. As he had misbehaved repeatedly, -he was capitally punished, and this was a warning to many of the -seditious. In reward for this service an increase of 500 personal and -200 horse was made to the mansab of Rāo Sūraj Singh. On the -14th of the month a representation came from my son Bābā -K͟hurram that the elephant ʿĀlam-gumān, of which -the Rānā was very fond, together with seventeen other -elephants, had fallen into the hands of the warriors of the victorious -army, and that his master would also soon be captured.</p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5639" href="#xd24e5639src" name="xd24e5639">1</a></span> -<i>Zīn-i-muraṣṣaʿ -kārī-i-Farangī.</i> The MSS. in the B.M. seem to have -<i>zaram</i> instead of <i>zīn</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5639src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5664" href="#xd24e5664src" name="xd24e5664">2</a></span> -Jahāngīr’s words seem to imply that he caused the -fowl’s leg to be broken in order to try the experiment. Manucci, -i, 55, has a good deal to say about <i>mūmīyā</i>, -though he admits that he had not himself witnessed its effects. I do -not find that Ḥājī Bābā descants on its -virtues, though at the end of the first chapter he says that his mother -gave him an unguent which she said would cure all fractures. The -Persian translator, no doubt rightly, has rendered the word -‘unguent’ by <i>mūmīyā</i>. With regard to -the derivation of the word, may it not be connected with <i>mom</i>, -‘wax’? Vullers has a long article on the -word. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5664src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5681" href="#xd24e5681src" name="xd24e5681">3</a></span> The text -has <i>birādārī</i>, ‘brotherhood,’ but the -true reading, as shown by the B.M. MSS., is <i>bar -āwardī</i>, <span class="Arabic" lang="ar">بر -آوردى</span>, and this means either the -establishment of ʿAbdu-llah or a list submitted by him. Perhaps -‘list’ is a better translation, the word -<i>āwardī</i> being connected with the -<i>āwarda-nawīs</i> of Wilson’s -Glossary. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5681src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5708" href="#xd24e5708src" name="xd24e5708">4</a></span> The -sentence is very obscure. MS. No. 181 I.O. has <i>k͟hūn</i>, -‘blood,’ instead of <i>chūn</i>, ‘as,’ and -perhaps the meaning is blood in the breasts turns to milk on account of -love for their cubs, and then the sucking by the latter increases the -mother’s natural ferocity and the milk dries up. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5708src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5724" href="#xd24e5724src" name="xd24e5724">5</a></span> In the -B.M. MSS. the words are -<i>manṣabdārān-i-rīzā-manṣab</i>. These -last two words are wanting in the text. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5724src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5732" href="#xd24e5732src" name="xd24e5732">6</a></span> Text -Patna, but B.M. MSS. have Thatta. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5732src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5738" href="#xd24e5738src" name="xd24e5738">7</a></span> Text has -Patna. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5738src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5745" href="#xd24e5745src" name="xd24e5745">8</a></span> Text -Kachhī, but it is Gajpatī in B.M. MSS. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5745src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5754" href="#xd24e5754src" name="xd24e5754">9</a></span> This -seems taken from Abū-l-faẓl. See Jarrett, iii, 115. The -third duty, which Jahāngīr calls “worshipping -fire,” is by Abū-l-faẓl termed Yāg, i.e. -sacrifice. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5754src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5757" href="#xd24e5757src" name="xd24e5757">10</a></span> It is -the day of the full moon in Sāwan that is holy. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5757src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5763" href="#xd24e5763src" name="xd24e5763">11</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 184, and Wilson’s Glossary. Badayūnī -(Lowe, p. 269) speaks of Akbar’s wearing the -<i>rākhī</i> on the 8th day of Virgo. I do not know why -Jahāngīr calls the day after the last day of Sāwan the -first day of the New Year. Perhaps <i>rūz-i-duyam</i> here means -‘another day,’ and not ‘the next day’; but -then, if so, why is it the rakhi day, for that is in Sāwan? The -Hindu New Year begins in Baisākh (April). It will be observed from -Jarrett, ii, 17, that Sāwan is also the name of a month of a -particular length. Perhaps Jahāngīr has confused the two -things. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5763src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5781" href="#xd24e5781src" name="xd24e5781">12</a></span> It is -the 10th of Aswīn (September). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5781src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5784" href="#xd24e5784src" name="xd24e5784">13</a></span> The -text wrongly has <i>dar har māh</i> instead of only <i>dar -mah</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5784src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5799" href="#xd24e5799src" name="xd24e5799">14</a></span> The -negative in text is wrong apparently. It does not occur in MS. No. 181 -I.O. nor in the B.M. MSS., which have <i>ba</i> instead of -<i>na</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5799src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5808" href="#xd24e5808src" name="xd24e5808">15</a></span> That -is, 9th Amurdād corresponded with the Ḥijra date of -Akbar’s death, viz. 13th -Jumādā-s̤-s̤ānī, which this year, 1022, -occurred in July. According to the solar calendar Akbar’s death -was in October. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5808src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5821" href="#xd24e5821src" name="xd24e5821">16</a></span> -<i>Pargālas</i> seem to be clothes of some sort. Perhaps the word -is another form of the <i>fargūl</i> of Blochmann, p. 89. The text -has <i>sitārkāni</i>. <i>Sitār</i> means a veil, but -probably we should read <i>Sonargāoni</i>, ‘of -Sonargaon.’ Both the MSS. give the number of elephants as 68 -instead of 28 as in text. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5821src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5860" href="#xd24e5860src" name="xd24e5860">17</a></span> See -Jarrett, ii, 268, where it is said that an ancestor of Bāppa came -to Berar. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5860src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5863" href="#xd24e5863src" name="xd24e5863">18</a></span> -According to Tod, Bāppa, the ancestor of the Rānā, -acquired Chitor in <span class="sc">A.D.</span> 728. Jahāngīr -makes twenty-six princes rule for 1,010 years and twenty-six others -only reign for 461 years! Tod says the legendary ancestor Kenek Sen, -the sixty-third from Loh, the son of Rām, emigrated from the -Panjab to Gujarat in 145 <span class="sc">A.D.</span> Perhaps the -Mewāt of the Tūzuk is a mistake for -Mewār. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5863src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5881" href="#xd24e5881src" name="xd24e5881">19</a></span> -Probably the town of that name in the Rajputana State of Jhalāwar. -See “Rajputana Gazetteer,” ii, 211. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e5881src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5887" href="#xd24e5887src" name="xd24e5887">20</a></span> The -Raus͟hanīs, called by their enemies the -Tārīkīs. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5887src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5902" href="#xd24e5902src" name="xd24e5902">21</a></span> Both -Jahāngīr and Allah Akbar yield 288. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e5902src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5908" href="#xd24e5908src" name="xd24e5908">22</a></span> -Sanskrit Devaharā, ‘an idol temple.’ <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e5908src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5911" href="#xd24e5911src" name="xd24e5911">23</a></span> -“Rajputana Gazetteer,” ii, 69. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e5911src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5914" href="#xd24e5914src" name="xd24e5914">24</a></span> Instead -of <i>kaff ārdi</i>, ‘a handful of flour,’ the R.A.S. -MS. has <i>kaf az way</i>, ‘his spittle,’ and this seems -more likely. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5914src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5927" href="#xd24e5927src" name="xd24e5927">25</a></span> Text -<i>ajnabī</i>, ‘foreign’ or ‘strange,’ and -Dowson had the same reading, for at vi, 337, we have the translation -‘ships engaged in the foreign trade of Surat.’ But I adopt -the reading of I.O. MS. 181, which is <i>ajnāsī</i>, as it -does not seem likely that Jahāngīr would interest himself -about ‘foreign’ ships. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e5927src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5953" href="#xd24e5953src" name="xd24e5953">26</a></span> -“Rajputana Gazetteer,” ii, 63. There are now two large -caldrons (<i>dīg</i>) inside the <i>dargūh</i> -enclosure. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5953src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5966" href="#xd24e5966src" name="xd24e5966">27</a></span> -Ḥāfiz̤ Jamāl was the name of the saint -Muʿīnu-d-dīn’s daughter (“Rajputana -Gazetteer,” ii, 62). It lies at the back of the Taragarh hill, -and is now commonly called Nūr-chas͟hma. The fountains, etc., -are in a ruined state. Sir Thomas Roe visited this place (id., p. -123). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5966src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5969" href="#xd24e5969src" name="xd24e5969">28</a></span> -<i>S͟hab-i-jumʿa</i>, which is Friday eve according to -Blochmann. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5969src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5978" href="#xd24e5978src" name="xd24e5978">29</a></span> -K͟husrau was married to his daughter. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e5978src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="yr9" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e765">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">The Ninth New Year’s Feast after my auspicious -Accession.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The commencement of the ninth year after my -auspicious accession, corresponding with the Hijra year 1023 -(1614).</p> -<p class="par">Two watches and one ghari had passed on the night of -Friday, the 9th Ṣafar (21st March, 1614), when the world-warming -sun shed his rays on the constellation of Aries, which is his house of -dignity and honour; it was the first morning of the month of -Farwardīn. The assembly for the New Year’s festival took -place in the pleasant regions of Ajmir, and at the time of entry (of -the sun into Aries), which was the propitious hour, I seated myself on -the throne of good fortune. They had in the usual manner decorated the -palace with rare cloth-stuffs and jewels and gem-decked things. At this -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb260" href="#pb260" name= -"pb260">260</a>]</span>auspicious moment the elephant -ʿĀlam-gumān,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e5994src" href= -"#xd24e5994" name="xd24e5994src">1</a> which was fit to be entered in -the private stud, with the seventeen other male and female elephants -which my son Bābā K͟hurram had sent of the -Rānā’s elephants, were presented before me, and the -hearts of the loyal rejoiced. On the 2nd day of the New Year, knowing -it to be propitious for a ride, I mounted it and scattered about much -money. On the 3rd I conferred on Iʿtiqād K͟hān a -mansab of 3,000 personal and 1,000 horse, increasing thus that which he -had already, which was of 2,000 personal and 500 horse, and I -distinguished him with the title of Āṣaf K͟hān, -with which title two of his family had been previously honoured. I also -increased the mansab of Dayānat K͟hān by 500 personal -and 200 horse. At the same time I promoted Iʿtimādu-d-daulah -to the mansab of 5,000 personal and 2,000 horse. At the request of -Bābā K͟hurram I increased the mansab of Saif -K͟hān Bārha by 500 personal and 200 horse, that of -Dilāwar K͟hān by the same number, that of Kis͟han -Singh by 500 horse, and that of Sarfarāz K͟hān by 500 -personal and 300 horse. On Sunday, the 10th, the offering of -Āṣaf K͟hān was produced before me, and on the 14th -Iʿtimādu-d-daulah produced his own offering. From these two -offerings I took what pleased me and gave back the rest. Chīn -Qilīj K͟hān, with his brothers, relations, and the army -and retinue of his father, came from Kabul<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5997src" href="#xd24e5997" name="xd24e5997src">2</a> and waited -on me. Ibrāhīm K͟hān, who had a mansab of 700 -personal and 300 horse, having been promoted to that of 1,500 personal -and 600 horse, was appointed jointly with K͟hwāja -Abū-l-ḥasan to the exalted dignity of paymaster of the -household. On the 15th of this month Mahābat K͟hān, who -had been appointed to bring K͟hān Aʿz̤am and his -son ʿAbdu-llah, came and waited <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb261" href="#pb261" name="pb261">261</a>]</span>on me. On the 19th -the assembly of honour was held. On that day the offering of -Mahābat K͟hān was laid before me, and I sent a private -elephant called Rūp Sundar for my son Parwīz. When that day -had passed I ordered them to deliver K͟hān Aʿz̤am -into the charge of Āṣaf K͟hān, that he might keep -him in the fort of Gwalior. As my object in sending him to the fort was -in case some disagreement and disturbance should occur in the matter of -the Rānā in consequence of the attachment that he had to -K͟husrau, I ordered him not to be kept in the fort like a -prisoner, but that they should provide everything necessary for his -comfort and convenience in the way of eating and clothing. On the same -day I promoted Chīn Qilīj K͟hān to a mansab of -2,500 personal and 700 horse. To the rank of Tāj K͟hān, -who had been appointed to the charge of the province of Bhakar, I added -500 personal and horse. On the 18th Urdībihis͟ht I forbade -K͟husrau to pay his respects. The reason was this, that through -the affection and fatherly love (I bore him) and the prayers of his -mother and sisters, I had ordered again that he should come every day -to pay his respects (<i>kūrnis͟h</i>). As his appearance -showed no signs of openness and happiness, and he was always mournful -and dejected in mind, I accordingly ordered that he should not come to -pay his respects. In the time of my revered father, Muz̤affar -Ḥusain Mīrzā and Rustam Mīrzā, sons of -Sult̤ān Ḥusain Mīrzā, nephews of -S͟hāh T̤ahmāsp Ṣafawī, who had in their -possession Qandahar and Zamīndāwar and that neighbourhood, -sent petitions to the effect that in consequence of the nearness to -Khurasan and the coming of ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān Ūzbeg -to that country, they could not leave the charge of looking after the -country and come (to pay their respects), but that if he (Akbar) would -send one of the servants of the palace they would hand over the country -to him, and themselves come to pay their respects. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb262" href="#pb262" name="pb262">262</a>]</span>As -they repeatedly made this request, he sent S͟hāh Beg -K͟hān, who is now honoured with the title of K͟hān -Daurān, to the governorship of Qandahar and Zamīndāwar -and that neighbourhood, and wrote firmans full of favour to the -Mīrzās summoning them to the Court. After their arrival -favours appropriate to the case of each were bestowed on them, and he -gave them a territory equal to two or three times the collections of -Qandahar. In the end, the management expected from them was not -achieved, and by degrees the territory deteriorated. Muz̤affar -Ḥusain Mīrzā died during the lifetime of my revered -father, and he sent Mīrzā Rustam with the Khankhanan to the -Subah of the Deccan, where he had a small jagir. When the throne was -honoured by my succession, I sent for him from the Deccan with the -intention of showing him favour and sending him to one of the border -territories. About the time he came Mīrzā -G͟hāzī Tark͟hān, who held the governorship of -Thatta and Qandahar and that neighbourhood, died. It occurred to me to -send him to Thatta, so that he might show there his natural good -qualities and administer that country in an approved manner. I promoted -him to a mansab of 5,000 personal and horse, 200,000 rupees were given -to him for expenses, and I despatched him to the Subah of Thatta. My -belief was that he would do good service<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6008src" href="#xd24e6008" name="xd24e6008src">3</a> on those -borders. In opposition to my expectation he did no service, and -committed so much oppression that many people complained of his -wickedness. Such news of him was heard that it was considered necessary -to recall him. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb263" href="#pb263" name= -"pb263">263</a>]</span>One of the servants of the Court was appointed -to summon him, and I sent for him to Court. On the 26th -Urdībihis͟ht they brought him. As he had committed great -oppression on the people of God, and inquiry into this was due -according to the requirements of justice, I handed him over to -Anīrāʾī Singh-dalan that he might enquire into the -facts, and that if guilty he might receive prompt punishment and be a -warning to others. In those days the news also came of the defeat of -Aḥdād, the Afghan. The facts are that Muʿtaqid -K͟hān came to Pūlam<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6013src" -href="#xd24e6013" name="xd24e6013src">4</a> Guzar (ferry?), in the -district of Peshawar, with an army, and K͟hān Daurān -with another force in Afghanistan and blocked the path of that rascal -(lit. black-faced one). Meanwhile a letter came to Muʿtaqid -K͟hān from Pish Bulagh that Aḥdād had gone to -Koṭ Tīrāh, which is 8 kos from Jalalabad, with a large -number of horse and foot, and had killed a few of those who had chosen -to be loyal and obey, and made prisoners of others, and was about to -send them to Tīrāh, and intended to make a raid on Jalalabad -and Pish Bulagh. Immediately on hearing this news Muʿtaqid -K͟hān started in great haste with the troops he had with him. -When he arrived at Pish Bulagh he sent out spies to ascertain about the -enemy. On the morning of Wednesday, the 6th, news reached him that -Aḥdād was in the same place. Placing his trust on the favour -of God, which is on the side of this suppliant at the throne of Allah, -he divided the royal army into two, and went towards the enemy, who, -with 4,000 or 5,000 experienced men, had seated themselves haughtily in -complete carelessness, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb264" href= -"#pb264" name="pb264">264</a>]</span>and did not suspect that besides -K͟hān Daurān’s there was an army in the -neighbourhood that could oppose itself to them. When news came that the -royal forces were coming against that ill-fortuned man, and the signs -of an army were becoming manifest, in a state of bewilderment he -distributed his men into four bodies, and seating himself on an -eminence a gunshot away, to get to which was a difficult matter, he -sent his men to fight. The musketeers of the victorious army assailed -the rebel with bullets, and sent a large number to hell. Muʿtaqid -K͟hān took the centre of his army to his advanced guard, and, -not giving the enemy more than time to shoot off their arrows two or -three times, swept them clean away, and pursuing them for 3 or 4 kos, -killed nearly 1,500 of them, horse and foot. Those left of the sword -took to flight, most of them wounded and with their arms thrown away. -The victorious army remained for the night in the same place on the -battlefield, and in the morning proceeded with 600 decapitated -heads<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6021src" href="#xd24e6021" name= -"xd24e6021src">5</a> towards Peshawar and made pillars of the heads -there. Five hundred horses and innumerable cattle and property and many -weapons fell into their hands. The prisoners of Tīrāh were -released, and on this side no well-known men were killed. On the night -of Thursday, the 1st of K͟hūrdād, I proceeded towards -Pushkar to shoot tigers, and on Friday killed two of them with a gun. -On the same day it was represented to me that Naqīb -K͟hān had died. The aforesaid K͟hān was one of the -Saifī Sayyids, and was originally from Qazwin. The tomb of his -father, Mīr ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf, is at Ajmir. Two months -before his death his wife,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6028src" href= -"#xd24e6028" name="xd24e6028src">6</a> between whom and her husband -there was <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb265" href="#pb265" name= -"pb265">265</a>]</span>a great affection, and who for twelve days was -ill with fever, drank the unpleasant draught of death. I ordered them -to bury him by the side of his wife, whom they had placed in the -K͟hwāja’s venerated mausoleum. As Muʿtaqid -K͟hān had done approved service in the fight with -Aḥdād, in reward he was exalted with the title of -Las͟hkar K͟hān. Dayānat K͟hān, who had -been sent to Udaipur in the service of Bābā K͟hurram and -to convey certain orders, came on the 7th K͟hūrdād and -gave good account of the rules and regulations made by Bābā -K͟hurram. Fidāʾī K͟hān, who in the days -of my princehood was my servant, and whom after my accession I had made -bakhshi in this army, and who had obtained favour, gave up the deposit -of his life on the 12th of the same month. Mīrzā Rustam, as -he showed signs of repentance and regret for his misdeeds, and -generosity demanded that his faults should be pardoned, was, in the end -of the month, summoned to my presence, and I satisfied his mind, and -having given him a dress of honour, ordered him to pay his respects to -me. On the night of Sunday, the 11th of the month of Tīr, a female -elephant in the private elephant stud gave birth to a young one in my -presence. I had repeatedly ordered them to ascertain the period of -their gestation; at last it became evident that for a female young one -it was 18 months and for a male 19 months. In opposition to the birth -of a human being, which is in most cases by a head delivery, young -elephants are born with their feet first. When the young one was born, -the mother scattered dust upon it with her foot, and began to be kind -and to pet it. The young one for an instant remained fallen, and then -rising, made towards its mother’s breasts. On the 14th the -assembly of Gulāb-pās͟hī (sprinkling of rose-water) -took place; from former times this has been known as -<i>āb-pās͟hī</i> (water-sprinkling), and has become -established from amongst customs of former <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb266" href="#pb266" name= -"pb266">266</a>]</span>days. On the 5th Amurdād (middle July, -1614) came news of the death of Rāja Mān Singh.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e6038src" href="#xd24e6038" name="xd24e6038src">7</a> -The aforesaid Raja was one of the chief officers of my revered father. -As I had sent many servants of the State to serve in the Deccan, I also -appointed him. After his death in that service, I sent for -Mīrzā Bhāo Singh, who was his legitimate heir. As from -the time when I was prince he had done much service with me, although -the chiefship and headship of their family, according to the Hindu -custom, should go to Mahā Singh, son<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6041src" href="#xd24e6041" name="xd24e6041src">8</a> of Jagat -Singh, the Raja’s eldest son, who had died in the latter’s -lifetime, I did not accept him, but I dignified Bhāo Singh with -the title of Mīrzā Rāja, and raised him to the mansab of -4,000 personal and 3,000 horse. I also gave him Amber, the native place -of his ancestors, and, soothing and consoling the mind of Mahā -Singh, increased his former mansab by 500, and gave him as an -inʿām the territory of Garha.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6051src" href="#xd24e6051" name="xd24e6051src">9</a> I also sent -him a jewelled dagger belt, a horse, and dress of honour. On the 8th of -this month of Amurdād I found a change in my health, and by -degrees was seized with fever and headache. For fear that some injury -might occur to the country and the servants of God, I kept this secret -from most of those familiar with and near to me, and did not inform the -physicians and hakims. A few days passed in this manner, and I only -imparted this to Nūr-Jahān Begam than whom I did not think -anyone was fonder of me; I abstained from eating heavy foods, and, -contenting myself with a little light food, went every day, according -to my rule, to the public Dīwān-k͟hāna (hall of -audience), and entered the Jharokha and <i>ghusal-k͟hāna</i> -(parlour) <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb267" href="#pb267" name= -"pb267">267</a>]</span>in my usual manner, until signs of weakness -showed themselves in my skin.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6059src" href= -"#xd24e6059" name="xd24e6059src">10</a> Some of the nobles<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e6062src" href="#xd24e6062" name= -"xd24e6062src">11</a> became aware of this, and informed one or two of -my physicians who were trustworthy, such as Ḥakīm -Masīḥu-z-zamān, Ḥakīm Abū-l-qāsim, -and Ḥakīm ʿAbdu-s͟h-S͟hakūr. As the -fever did not change, and for three nights I took my usual wine, it -brought on greater weakness. In the time of disquietude, and when -weakness prevailed over me, I went to the mausoleum of the revered -K͟hwāja, and in that blessed abode prayed to God Almighty for -recovery, and agreed to give alms and charity. God Almighty, in His -pure grace and mercy, bestowed on me the robe of honour of health, and -by degrees I recovered. The headache, which had been very severe, -subsided under the remedies of Ḥakīm -ʿAbdu-s͟h-S͟hakūr, and in the space of twenty-two -days my state returned to what it was before. The servants of the -palace, and indeed the whole of the people, made offerings for this -great bounty. I accepted the alms of no one, and ordered that everyone -in his own house should distribute what he wished among the poor. On -the 10th S͟hahrīwar news came that Tāj K͟hān, -the Afghan, governor of Thatta,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6067src" -href="#xd24e6067" name="xd24e6067src">12</a> had died; he was one of -the old nobles of the State.</p> -<p class="par">During my illness it had occurred to me that when I -completely recovered, inasmuch as I was inwardly an ear-bored slave of -the K͟hwāja (Muʿīnu-d-dīn) and was indebted to -him for my existence, I should openly make holes in my ears and be -enrolled among his ear-marked slaves. On Thursday, 12th -S͟hahrīwar,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6072src" href= -"#xd24e6072" name="xd24e6072src">13</a> corresponding to the month of -Rajab, I made holes in my ears and drew into each a shining pearl. When -the servants of the palace and my loyal friends saw this, both those -who <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb268" href="#pb268" name= -"pb268">268</a>]</span>were in the presence and some who were in the -distant borders diligently and eagerly made holes in their ears, and -adorned the beauty of sincerity with pearls and rubies which were in -the private treasury, and were bestowed on them, until by degrees the -infection caught the Ahadis and others. At the end of the day of -Thursday, the 22nd of the said month, corresponding with the 10th -S͟haʿbān, the meeting for my solar weighing was arranged -in my private audience hall, and the usual observances were carried -out. On the same day Mīrzā Rāja Bhāo Singh, -gratified and prosperous, returned to his native country with the -promise that he would not delay (there) more than two or three months. -On the 27th of the month of Mihr news came that Farīdūn -K͟hān Barlās had died at Udaipur. In the clan of -Barlās no leader remained but he. As his tribe had many claims on -this State and endless connection with it, I patronised his son Mihr -ʿAlī, and raised him to the mansab of 1,000 personal and -horse. On account of the approved services of K͟hān -Daurān, I increased by 1,000 his mansab, which became 6,000 -personal and 5,000 horse, original and increase. On the 6th -Ābān the <i>qarāwuls</i> -(<i>s͟hikārīs</i>) reported that three tigers had been -met at a distance of 6 kos. Starting after midday, I killed all three -of them with a gun. On the 8th of the month the festival of the -Dewālī came on. I ordered the attendants of the palace to -have games with each other for two or three nights in my presence; -winnings and losings took place. On the 8th of this month they brought -to Ajmir the body of Sikandar Muʿīn Qarāwul -(S͟hikārī), who was one of my old attendants and had -done much service for me when I was prince, from Udaipur, which was the -place where my son Sult̤ān K͟hurram was staying. I -ordered the qarawuls and his fellow-tribesmen to take his body and bury -it on the bank of Rānā S͟hankar’s tank. He was a -good servant to me. On the 12th Āẕar two daughters whom -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb269" href="#pb269" name= -"pb269">269</a>]</span>Islām K͟hān in his lifetime had -taken from the Zamindar of Kūch (Behar), whose country is on the -boundary of the eastern provinces, together with his son and 94 -elephants, were brought before me. Some of the elephants were placed in -my private stud. On the same day, Hūs͟hang, Islām -K͟hān’s son, came from Bengal, and had the good fortune -to kiss the threshold, and presented as offerings two elephants, 100 -muhrs, and 100 rupees. On one particular night in Day I dreamt that the -late king (Akbar) said to me: “Bābā, forgive for my -sake the fault of ʿAzīz K͟hān, who is the -K͟hān Aʿz̤am.” After this dream, I decided to -summon him from the fort (of Gwalior).</p> -<p class="par">There is a ravine in the neighbourhood of Ajmir that is -very beautiful. At the end of this ravine a spring appears which is -collected in a long and broad tank, and is the best water in Ajmir. -This valley and spring are well known as Ḥāfiz̤ -Jamāl. When I crossed over to this place I ordered a suitable -building to be made there, as the place was good and fit for -developing. In the course of a year a house and grounds were made -there, the like of which those<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6087src" -href="#xd24e6087" name="xd24e6087src">14</a> who travel round the world -cannot point out. They made a basin 40 gaz by 40, and made the water of -the spring rise up in the basin by a fountain. The fountain leaps up 10 -or 12 gaz. Buildings are laid on the edge of this basin, and in the -same way above, where the tank and fountain are, they have made -agreeable places and enchanting halls and resting-rooms pleasant to the -senses. These have been constructed and finished off in a masterly -style by skilled painters and clever artists. As I desired that it -should be called by a name <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb270" href= -"#pb270" name="pb270">270</a>]</span>connected with my august name, I -gave it the name of Chas͟hma-i-Nūr, or ‘the fountain of -light.’ In short, the one fault it has is this, that it ought to -have been in a large city, or at a place by which men frequently pass. -From the day on which it was completed I have often passed Thursdays -and Fridays there. I ordered that they should think out a chronogram -for its completion. Saʿīdā Gīlānī, the -head of the goldsmiths, discovered it in this clever -hemistich:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“The palace<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6095src" -href="#xd24e6095" name="xd24e6095src">15</a> of S͟hāh -Nūru-d-dīn Jahāngīr” (1024).</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">I ordered them to put a stone with this carved -upon it on the top of the portico of the building.</p> -<p class="par">In the beginning of the month of Day, merchants came -from Persia and brought pomegranates of Yazd and melons from -Kārīz, which are the best of Khurasan melons, so many that -all the servants of the Court and the Amirs of the frontiers obtained a -portion of them and were very grateful to the True Giver (God) for -them. I had never had such melons and pomegranates. It seemed as if I -had never had a pomegranate or a melon before. Every year I had had -melons from Badakhshan and pomegranates from Kabul, but they bore no -comparison with the Yazd pomegranates and the Kārīz melons. -As my revered father (may God’s light be his witness!) had a -great liking for fruit, I was very grieved that such fruits had not -come to Hindustan from Persia in his victorious time, that he might -have enjoyed and profited by them. I have the same regret for the -<i>Jahāngīrī ʿit̤r</i> (so-called otto of -roses), that his nostrils were not gratified with such essences. This -ʿit̤r is a discovery which was made during my reign through -the efforts of the mother of Nūr-Jahān Begam. When she was -making rose-water <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb271" href="#pb271" -name="pb271">271</a>]</span>a scum formed on the surface of the dishes -into which the hot rose-water was poured from the jugs. She collected -this scum little by little; when much rose-water was obtained a -sensible portion of the scum was collected. It is of such strength in -perfume that if one drop be rubbed on the palm of the hand it scents a -whole assembly, and it appears as if many red rosebuds had bloomed at -once. There is no other scent of equal excellence to it. It restores -hearts that have gone and brings back withered souls. In reward for -that invention I presented a string of pearls to the inventress. -Salīma<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6107src" href="#xd24e6107" name= -"xd24e6107src">16</a> Sult̤ān Begam (may the lights of God be -on her tomb) was present, and she gave this oil the name of -‘ʿit̤r-i-Jahāngīrī.’</p> -<p class="par">Great difference appeared in the climates of India. In -this month of Day, in Lahore, which is between Persia and Hindustan, -the mulberry-tree bore fruit of as much sweetness and fine flavour as -in its ordinary season. For some days people were delighted by eating -it. The news-writers of that place wrote this. In the same days -Bak͟htar K͟hān Kalāwant, who was closely connected -with ʿĀdil K͟hān, inasmuch as he (ʿĀdil) -married his own brother’s daughter to him, and made him his -preceptor in singing and <i>durpat</i><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6114src" href="#xd24e6114" name="xd24e6114src">17</a> -<i>guftan</i>, appeared in the habit of a dervish. Summoning him and -enquiring into his circumstances, I endeavoured to honour him. In the -first assembly I gave him 10,000 rupees in cash and 50 pieces of cloth -of all sorts and a string of pearls, and having made him a guest of -Āṣaf K͟hān, ordered him to enquire into his -circumstances. It did not appear whether he had come without -ʿĀdil K͟hān’s permission, or the latter -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb272" href="#pb272" name= -"pb272">272</a>]</span>had sent him in this guise in order that he -might find out the designs of this Court and bring him news about them. -Considering his relationship to ʿĀdil K͟hān, it is -most probable that he has not come without ʿĀdil -K͟hān’s knowledge. A report by Mīr -Jamālu-d-dīn Ḥusain, who at this time was (our) -ambassador at Bijapur, corroborates this idea, for he writes that -ʿĀdil K͟hān has, on account of the kindness which -has been shown by H.M. (Jahāngīr) to Bak͟htar -K͟hān, been very gracious to him (Jamālu-d-dīn). -Every day he has shown him more and more favour, keeps him beside him -at nights, and recites to him durpats, which he (ʿĀdil -K͟hān) has composed, and which he calls -<i>nauras</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e6133src" href="#xd24e6133" -name="xd24e6133src">18</a> (Juvenilia). “The remainder of the -facts will be written on the day when I get my dismissal.”</p> -<p class="par">In these days they brought a bird from the country of -Zīrbād (Sumatra, etc., Blochmann, p. 616) which was coloured -like a parrot, but had a smaller body. One of its peculiarities is that -it lays hold with its feet of the branch or perch on which they may -have placed it and then makes a somersault, and remains in this -position all night and whispers to itself. When day comes it seats -itself on the top of the branch. Though they say that animals also have -worship, yet it is most likely that this practice is instinctive. It -never drinks water, and water acts like poison upon it, though other -birds subsist on water.</p> -<p class="par">In the month<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6143src" href= -"#xd24e6143" name="xd24e6143src">19</a> of Bahman there came pieces of -good <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb273" href="#pb273" name= -"pb273">273</a>]</span>news one after the other. The first was that the -Rānā Amar Singh had elected for obedience and service to the -Court. The circumstances of this affair are these. My son of lofty -fortune, Sult̤ān K͟hurram, by dint of placing a great -many posts, especially in some places where most people said it was -impossible to place them on account of the badness of the air and water -and the wild nature of the localities, and by dint of moving the royal -forces one after another in pursuit, without regard to the heat or -excessive rain, and making prisoners of the families of the inhabitants -of that region, brought matters with the Rānā to such a pass -that it became clear to him that if this should happen to him again he -must either fly the country or be made prisoner. Being without remedy, -he chose obedience and loyalty, and sent to my fortunate son his -maternal uncle, Subh Karan, with Haridās Jhālā, who was -one of the men in his confidence, and petitioned that if that fortunate -son would ask forgiveness for his offences and tranquillise his mind, -and obtain for him the auspicious sign-manual,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6148src" href="#xd24e6148" name="xd24e6148src">20</a> he would -himself come and wait on my son, and would send his son and successor -Karan to Court, or he, after the manner of other Rajas, would be -enrolled amongst the servants of the Court and do service. He also -begged that he himself might be excused from coming to Court on account -of his old age. Accordingly my son sent them in company with his own -Diwan Mullā S͟hukru-llah, whom after the conclusion of this -business I dignified with the title of Afẓal K͟hān, and -Sundar Dās, his major-domo, who, after this matter was settled, -was honoured with the title of Rāy Rāyān, to the exalted -Court, and represented the circumstances. My lofty <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb274" href="#pb274" name="pb274">274</a>]</span>mind -was always desirous, as far as possible, not to destroy the old -families. The real point was that as Rānā Amar Singh and his -fathers, proud in the strength of their hilly country and their abodes, -had never seen or obeyed any of the kings of Hindustan, this should be -brought about in my reign. At the request of my son I forgave the -Rānā’s offences, and gave a gracious farman that should -satisfy him, and impressed on it the mark of my auspicious -palm.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6159src" href="#xd24e6159" name= -"xd24e6159src">21</a> I also wrote a farman of kindness to my son that -if he could arrange to settle the matter I should be much pleased. My -son also sent them<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6165src" href= -"#xd24e6165" name="xd24e6165src">22</a> with Mullā -S͟hukru-llah and Sundar Dās to the Rānā to console -him and make him hopeful of the royal favour. They gave him the -gracious farman with the sign-manual of the auspicious hand, and it was -settled that on Sunday, the 26th of the month of Bahman, he and his -sons should come and pay their respects to my son. The second piece of -good news was the death of Bahādur, who was descended from the -rulers of Gujarat, and was the leaven of disturbance and mischief -(there). Almighty God had annihilated him in His mercy: he died of a -natural illness. The third piece of news was the defeat of the -Warzā (Portuguese Viceroy), who had done his best to take the -castle and port of Surat. In the roadstead<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6171src" href="#xd24e6171" name="xd24e6171src">23</a> of the port -of Surat a fight took place between the English, who had taken shelter -there, and the Viceroy. Most of his ships were burnt by the English -fire. Being helpless he had not <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb275" -href="#pb275" name="pb275">275</a>]</span>the power to fight any more, -and took to flight. He sent some one to Muqarrab K͟hān, who -was the governor of the ports of Gujarat, and knocked at the door of -peace, and said that he had come to make peace and not to make war. It -was the English who had stirred up the war. Another piece of news was -that some of the Rajputs, who had determined to attack and kill -ʿAmbar (misprinted G͟hīr), had made an ambush, and -finding a good opportunity had gained access to him, when a slight -wound had been inflicted on him by one of them. The men who were round -ʿAmbar (again misprinted G͟hīr) had killed the Rajputs -and taken ʿAmbar to his quarters. A very little<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e6185src" href="#xd24e6185" name="xd24e6185src">24</a> more -would have made an end of him. In the end of this month, when I was -employed in hunting in the environs of Ajmir, Muḥammad -Beg,<a class="noteref" id="n275.2src" href="#n275.2" name= -"n275.2src">25</a> an attendant on my fortunate son Sult̤ān -K͟hurram, came and brought a report from that son, and stated that -the Rānā had come with his sons and paid his respects to the -prince; “the details would be made known by the report.” I -immediately turned the face of supplication to the Divine Court, and -prostrated myself in thanksgiving. I presented a horse, an elephant, -and a jewelled dagger to the aforesaid Muḥammad Beg, and honoured -him with the title of Ẕū-l-faqār -K͟hān.<a class="pseudonoteref" href="#n275.2">25</a> From the -report it appeared that on Sunday, the 26th Bahman, the Rānā -paid his respects to my fortunate son with the politeness and ritual -that servants pay their respects, and produced as offerings a famous -large ruby that was in his house, with some decorated articles and -seven elephants, some of them fit for the private stud, and which had -not fallen into <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb276" href="#pb276" -name="pb276">276</a>]</span>our hands and were the only ones left him, -and nine horses.</p> -<p class="par">My son also behaved to him with perfect kindness. When -the Rānā clasped his feet and asked forgiveness for his -faults, he took his head and placed it on his breast, and consoled him -in such a manner as to comfort him. He presented him with a superb -dress of honour, a jewelled sword, a horse with a jewelled saddle, and -a private elephant with silver housings, and, as there were not more -than 100 men with him who were worthy of complete robes of honour -(<i>sar u pā</i>), he gave 100 sarupa and 50 horses and 12 -jewelled <i>khapwa</i> (daggers). As it is the custom of the Zamindars -that the son who is the heir-apparent should not go with his father to -pay his respects to a king or prince, the Rānā observed this -custom, and did not bring with him Karan, the son who had received the -<i>ṭīkā</i>. As the hour (fixed by astrology) of the -departure of that son of lofty fortune from that place was the end of -that same day, he gave him leave, so that, having himself gone, he -might send Karan to pay his respects. After he had gone, Karan also -came and did so. To him also he gave a superb dress of honour, a -jewelled sword and dagger, a horse with a gold saddle, and a special -elephant, and on the same day, taking Karan in attendance, he proceeded -towards the illustrious Court. On the 3rd Isfandārmuẕ my -return to Ajmir from hunting took place. From the 17th Bahman up to -that date, during which I was hunting, one tigress with three cubs and -thirteen nilgaw had been killed. The fortunate prince encamped on -Saturday, the 10th of the same month, at the village of -Devrānī, which is near the city of Ajmir, and an order was -given that all the Amirs should go to meet him, and that each should -present an offering according to his standing and condition, and on the -next day, Sunday, the 11th he should have the good fortune to wait upon -me. The next <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb277" href="#pb277" name= -"pb277">277</a>]</span>day the prince, with great magnificence, with -all the victorious forces that had been appointed to accompany him on -that service, entered the public palace. The hour for him to wait on me -was when two watches and two gharis of the day had passed, and he had -the good fortune to pay his respects, and performed his prostrations -and salutations. He presented 1,000 ashrafis and 1,000 rupees by way of -offering, 1,000 muhrs and 1,000 rupees by way of charity. I called that -son forward and embraced him, and having kissed his head and face, -favoured him with special kindnesses and greetings. When he had -finished the dues of service and had presented his offerings and -charities, he petitioned that Karan might be exalted with the good -fortune of prostrating himself and paying his respects. I ordered them -to bring him, and the Bakhshis with the usual ceremonies of respect -produced him. After prostration and salutation were completed, at the -request of my son K͟hurram, I ordered them to place him in front -on the right hand of the circle. After this I ordered K͟hurram to -go and wait on his mothers, and gave him a special dress of honour, -consisting of a jewelled <i>chārqab</i> (sleeveless vest), a coat -of gold brocade, and a rosary of pearls. After he had made his -salutation, there were presented to him a special dress of honour, a -special horse with a jewelled saddle, and a special elephant. I also -honoured Karan with a superb robe of honour and a jewelled sword, and -the Amirs and mansabdars had the honour of prostrating themselves and -paying their respects, and presented their offerings. Each of these, -according to his service and rank, was honoured with favours. As it was -necessary to win the heart of Karan, who was of a wild nature and had -never seen assemblies and had lived among the hills, I every day showed -him some fresh favour, so that on the second day of his attendance a -jewelled dagger, and on the next day a special Iraqi horse with -jewelled saddle, were given <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb278" href= -"#pb278" name="pb278">278</a>]</span>to him. On the day when he went to -the darbar in the female apartments, there were given to him on the -part of Nūr-Jahān Begam a rich dress of honour, a jewelled -sword, a horse and saddle, and an elephant. After this I presented him -with a rosary of pearls of great value. On the next day a special -elephant with trappings (<i>talāyir</i>) were given. As it was in -my mind to give him something of every kind, I presented him with three -hawks and three falcons, a special sword, a coat of mail, a special -cuirass, and two rings, one with a ruby and one with an emerald. At the -end of the month I ordered that all sorts of cloth stuffs, with carpets -and cushions (named <i>takiya</i>) and all kinds of perfumes, with -vessels of gold, two Gujrati carts, and cloths, should be placed in a -hundred trays. The Ahadis carried them in their arms and on their -shoulders to the public audience hall, where they were bestowed on -him.</p> -<p class="par">S̤ābit K͟hān<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6225src" href="#xd24e6225" name="xd24e6225src">26</a> at the -paradise-resembling assemblies was always addressing unbecoming -speeches and making palpable allusions to Iʿtimādu-d-daulah -and his son Āṣaf K͟hān. Once or twice, showing my -dislike of this, I had forbidden him to do so, but this was not enough -for him. As I held very dear Iʿtimādu-d-daulah’s -good-will towards me, and was very closely connected with his family, -this matter became very irksome to me. As one night without reason and -without motive he began to speak unpleasant words to him, and said them -to such an extent that signs of vexation and annoyance became evident -in Iʿtimādu-d-daulah’s face, I sent him next morning, -in the custody of a servant of the Court, to Āṣaf -K͟hān to say that as on the previous evening he had spoken -unpleasant words to his father I handed him over to him, and he might -shut him up either there or in the fort of Gwalior, as he pleased; -until he <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb279" href="#pb279" name= -"pb279">279</a>]</span>made amends to his father I would never forgive -his fault. According to the order Āṣaf K͟hān sent -him to Gwalior fort. In the same month Jahāngīr Qulī -K͟hān was promoted to an increased mansab, and was given that -of 2,500 personal and 2,000 horse. Aḥmad Beg K͟hān, who -is one of the old retainers of the State, committed some faults on the -journey to the Subah of Kabul, and Qilīj K͟hān, who was -the commander of the army, had repeatedly complained of his making -himself disagreeable. Necessarily I summoned him to Court, and in order -to punish him handed him over to Mahābat K͟hān to -confine him in the fort of Ranṭambhor. Qāsim -K͟hān, governor of Bengal, had sent two rubies as an -offering, and they were laid before me. As I had made a rule that they -should bring before me after two watches of the night had passed the -dervishes and necessitous people who had collected in the illustrious -palace, this year also after the same manner I bestowed on the -dervishes with my own hand and in my own presence 55,000 rupees and -190,000 bighas of land, with fourteen entire villages, and twenty-six -ploughs,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6230src" href="#xd24e6230" name= -"xd24e6230src">27</a> and 11,000 <i>k͟harwār</i><a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e6237src" href="#xd24e6237" name= -"xd24e6237src">28</a> (ass-loads) of rice; I presented as well 732 -pearls, of the value of 36,000 rupees, to the servants who by way of -loyalty had bored their ears.</p> -<p class="par">At the end of the aforesaid month news came that when -four and a half gharis of night had passed on Sunday the 11th of the -month, in the city of Burhanpur, God Almighty had bestowed on -Sultān Parwīz a son by the daughter of Prince Murād. I -gave him the name of Sultān Dūr-andīsh<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e6244src" href="#xd24e6244" name="xd24e6244src">29</a> -(long-thoughted). <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb280" href="#pb280" -name="pb280">280</a>]</span></p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5994" href="#xd24e5994src" name="xd24e5994">1</a></span> The -“Arrogant of the Earth” (Tod). <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e5994src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e5997" href="#xd24e5997src" name="xd24e5997">2</a></span> Perhaps -this means Peshawar, for apparently Qilīj was there when he -died. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e5997src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6008" href="#xd24e6008src" name="xd24e6008">3</a></span> -According to the Maʾās̤ir, iii, 486, in the biography of -ʿĪsā K͟hān, Rustam was sent to put down the -Tark͟hāns, and succeeded in doing so. See also ibid., p. 438, -in the biography of Rustam, where it is said that Jahāngīr -told him to send away the Arghuns. Perhaps the passage in -Maʾās̤ir, p. 438, which according to Blochmann, p. 314, -means that Rustam ill-treated the Arghuns, rather means that he -intrigued with them but oppressed the peasantry. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e6008src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6013" href="#xd24e6013src" name="xd24e6013">4</a></span> Though -the text has Pūlam, the real word seems to be Īlam or Ailam. -Ailam Guẕar appears to be a pass in a range of hills. It may, -however, be a ferry on the Kabul River. That river seems to be also -known as the S͟hāh ʿĀlam, and there is a ferry on -it of that name. The text speaks of Kot Tīrāh as 8 kos from -Jalalabad, but Tīrāh is much further away. The B.M. MSS. have -<i>Kotal-i-Tīrāh</i>, ‘the Tīrāh -defile.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6013src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6021" href="#xd24e6021src" name="xd24e6021">5</a></span> Compare -Price’s Jahāngīr, p. 94. It appears from that account -that Muʿtaqid <i>alias</i> Las͟hkar K͟hān was -originally called Abū-l-ḥusain. According to the account -there, the prisoners were brought to Jahāngīr with the -decapitated heads of 17,000 (!) suspended from their -necks! <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6021src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6028" href="#xd24e6028src" name="xd24e6028">6</a></span> She was -a daughter of Mīr Maḥmūd, Akbar’s secretary -(Blochmann, p. 449). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6028src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6038" href="#xd24e6038src" name="xd24e6038">7</a></span> Mān -Singh died in the Deccan in 1614, and apparently in the month of -June. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6038src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6041" href="#xd24e6041src" name="xd24e6041">8</a></span> Text -<i>pidar</i> by mistake for <i>pisar</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6041src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6051" href="#xd24e6051src" name="xd24e6051">9</a></span> Garha, -described as Bāndhū in Maʾās̤ir, ii, 175. It -is Garha-Katanga, i.e. Jabalpur. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6051src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6059" href="#xd24e6059src" name="xd24e6059">10</a></span> Perhaps -the meaning is that there was an eruption. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e6059src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6062" href="#xd24e6062src" name="xd24e6062">11</a></span> -<i>Buzurgān</i>, which perhaps here means elder ladies of the -harem. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6062src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6067" href="#xd24e6067src" name="xd24e6067">12</a></span> This is -Tās͟h Beg (Blochmann, p. 457). The text wrongly has -Patna. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6067src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6072" href="#xd24e6072src" name="xd24e6072">13</a></span> -Jahāngīr was born in this month, which then corresponded to -Rajab. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6072src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6087" href="#xd24e6087src" name="xd24e6087">14</a></span> Is this -an allusion to some complimentary remark of Sir Thomas Roe? Sir Thomas -did not come to Ajmir till December, 1615, but Jahāngīr is -here apparently writing of what happened a year after his visit to -Ḥāfiz̤ Jamāl. The chronogram was 1024 -(1615). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6087src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6095" href="#xd24e6095src" name="xd24e6095">15</a></span> -Maḥall-i-S͟hāh Nūru-d-dīn Jahāngīr, -1024 (1615). See Proceedings A.S.B. for August, 1873, pp. -159–60. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6095src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6107" href="#xd24e6107src" name="xd24e6107">16</a></span> -Salīma died in the 7th year, so that the discovery must have -occurred some time before this mention of it. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e6107src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6114" href="#xd24e6114src" name="xd24e6114">17</a></span> -Hindustani, <i>dhurpad</i>, “<span lang="fr">petit poëme -ordinairement composé de cinq hémistiches sur une -même rime</span>.” “It was invented by Rāja -Mān of Gwalior” (Garçin de Tassy, <span lang= -"fr">Hist. Litt. Hindouie</span>, i, 12). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6114src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6133" href="#xd24e6133src" name="xd24e6133">18</a></span> See -Rieu, 741b, who calls the <i>nauras</i> a treatise on music composed by -Ibrāhīm ʿĀdil S͟hāh II. This -ʿĀdil S͟hāh was Firis͟hta’s patron, and -reigned till 1626. Jamālu-d-dīn is the dictionary-maker and -friend of Sir T. Roe. The sentence about reporting the remainder of the -facts seems to be an extract from his report. Muḥammad -Wāris̤, in his continuation of the -Pāds͟hāh-nāma, B.M. MS. Add. 6556, p. 438, -mentions, with reprobation, that ʿĀdil S͟hāh had -given his niece in marriage to a singer. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6133src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6143" href="#xd24e6143src" name="xd24e6143">19</a></span> -Translated Elliot, vi, 339. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6143src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6148" href="#xd24e6148src" name="xd24e6148">20</a></span> Lit. -procure for him the sign of the blessed <i>panja</i> (five fingers). -The sign-manual was that of Jahāngīr. See below. See also -Tod’s Rajasthan, reprint, i, 411, for a representation of the -<i>panja</i>; also p. 383, note id. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6148src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6159" href="#xd24e6159src" name="xd24e6159">21</a></span> -<i>Panja mubārak</i> (Tod’s Rajasthan, i, 383 and -411). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6159src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6165" href="#xd24e6165src" name="xd24e6165">22</a></span> Perhaps -the uncle and Haridās, or the <i>īnhā</i>, -‘them’ may mean the farman. See Elliot, vi, 340, which has -‘my letters.’ Tod has translated this part of the -Tūzuk, i, 382. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6165src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6171" href="#xd24e6171src" name="xd24e6171">23</a></span> The -text has <i>k͟haurmiyān</i>, and I. O. 181 has -<i>k͟haur-i-bandar</i>. <i>K͟haur</i> means a bay or gulf in -Arabic. The battle is that between Captain Downton and the Portuguese, -which took place in January, 1615, and is described in Orme’s -Hist., Fragments, p. 351, etc. See also Danvers’ -“Portuguese in India,” ii. 170. The engagement was in the -Swally channel. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6171src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6185" href="#xd24e6185src" name="xd24e6185">24</a></span> Elliot, -vi, 340. As Mr. Rogers remarks, the sentence is not easily -intelligible. Probably the translation should be, “No one -remained (all the Rajputs having been killed) who could finish off -Malik ʿAmbar.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6185src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"n275.2" href="#n275.2src" name="n275.2">25</a></span> Probably the -father or grandfather of the Muḥammad Beg -Ẕū-l-faqār who was a servant of Aurangzīb -(Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, ii, 89). <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#n275.2src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6225" href="#xd24e6225src" name="xd24e6225">26</a></span> R.A.S. -MS. has Dayānat K͟hān, and so has I.O. MS. -181. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6225src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6230" href="#xd24e6230src" name="xd24e6230">27</a></span> -<i>Qulba.</i> It does not appear that this is a -land-measure. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6230src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6237" href="#xd24e6237src" name="xd24e6237">28</a></span> -<i>K͟harwār.</i> It is a weight. See Jarrett, ii, 394, where -a kharwar is said to be equal to ten Hindustani maunds. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e6237src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6244" href="#xd24e6244src" name="xd24e6244">29</a></span> -Probably this was the son who died in the 14th year (Tūzuk, p. -282). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6244src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="yr10" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e772">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">The Tenth New Year’s Festival after my -auspicious Accession.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">When 55 seconds had passed on Saturday, 1st -Farwardīn, in my 10th year, corresponding with the 8th<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e6254src" href="#xd24e6254" name="xd24e6254src">1</a> -of the month of Ṣafar (March, 1615), 1024 Hijra, the sun from the -constellation of Pisces entered the house of honour of Aries. When -three gharis had passed on the night of Sunday I seated myself on the -throne of State. The New Year’s feast and ceremonials were -prepared in the usual manner. The illustrious princes, the great -K͟hāns, the chief officers and Ministers of State made their -salutations of congratulation. On the 1st of the month the mansab of -Iʿtimādu-d-daulah was increased from 5,000 personal and 2,000 -horse by 1,000 personal and horse. Special horses were given to the -Kunwar Karan, Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān, and -Rāja Bīr Singh Deo. On the 2nd the offering of -Āṣaf K͟hān was laid before me; it was an approved -offering of jewels and jewelled ornaments and things of gold, of cloth -stuffs of all kinds and descriptions and was looked over in detail. -That which I approved was worth 85,000 rupees. On this day a jewelled -sword with a belt and band(?) (<i>band u bār</i>) was given to -Karan, and an elephant to Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān. -As I had made up my mind to proceed to the Deccan, I gave an order to -ʿAbdu-l-Karīm Maʿmūrī, to go to Mandu and -prepare a new building for my private residence and repair the -buildings of the old kings. On the 3rd day the offerings of Rāja -Bīr Singh Deo were laid before me and one ruby, some pearls, and -one elephant had the honour of being accepted. On the 4th day the -mansab of Mustafā K͟hān was increased by 500 personal -and 200 horse to 2,000 personal <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb281" -href="#pb281" name="pb281">281</a>]</span>and 250 horse. On the 5th I -gave a standard and drums to Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, and an order -was given him to beat his drums. The mansab of Āṣaf -K͟hān was increased by 1,000 personal and horse to 4,000 -personal and 2,000 horse, and having increased the mansab of Rāja -Bīr Singh Deo by 700 horse, I dismissed him to his own country, -directing that he should present himself at Court at stated periods. On -the same day the offering of Ibrāhīm K͟hān was laid -before me. Some of all the kinds of things pleased me. Kishan Chand, of -the sons of the Rajas of Nagarkot, was honoured with the title of Raja. -On Thursday, the 6th, the offerings of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah were -laid before me at Chas͟hma-i-Nūr; a large meeting had been -arranged, and by way of favour the whole of his offerings were -inspected. Of the jewels and jewelled things and choice cloth stuffs -the value of 100,000 rupees was accepted, and the remainder given back. -On the 7th day I increased by 1,000 personal the mansab of Kishan -Singh, which had been 2,000 personal and 1,500 horse. On this day a -tiger was killed in the neighbourhood of Chas͟hma-i-Nūr. On -the 8th I gave Karan the mansab of 5,000 personal and horse, and gave -him a small rosary of pearls and emeralds with a ruby in the centre -which in the language of the Hindus is called <i>smaran</i> (Sanskrit -for ‘remembrance’). I increased the mansab of -Ibrāhīm K͟hān by 1,000 personal and 400 horse, so -as to make it 2,000 personal and 1,000 horse, original and increase. -The mansab of Ḥājī Bī Ūzbeg was increased by -300 horse, and that of Rāja S͟hyām Singh by 500 personal -so as to make it 2,500 personal and 1,400 horse. On Sunday, the 9th, -there was an eclipse of the sun when twelve gharis of the day had -passed. It began from the west, and four out of five parts of the sun -were eclipsed in the knot of the dragon. From the commencement of the -seizure until it became light eight gharis elapsed. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb282" href="#pb282" name="pb282">282</a>]</span>Alms -of all kinds, and things in the shape of metals, animals, and -vegetables, were given to fakirs and the poor and people in need. On -this day the offering of Rāja Sūraj Singh was laid before me; -what was taken was of the value of 43,000 rupees. The offering of -Bahādur K͟hān, the governor of Qandahar, was also laid -before me on this day; its total value came to 14,000 rupees. Two -watches of the night had passed on the night of Monday, the 29th -Ṣafar (30th March, 1615), in the ascension of Sagittarius, when a -boy was born to Bābā K͟hurram by the daughter of -Āṣaf K͟hān; I gave him the name of Dārā -S͟hukūh. I hope that his coming will be propitious to this -State conjoined with eternity, and to his fortunate father. The mansab -of Sayyid ʿAlī Bārha was increased by 500 personal and -300 horse, so as to bring it to 1,500 personal and 1,000 horse. On the -10th the offering of Iʿtibār K͟hān was laid before -me, and what was of the value of 40,000 rupees was accepted. On this -day the mansab of K͟husrau Bī Ūzbeg was raised by 300 -horse, and that of Manglī K͟hān by 500 personal and 200 -horse. On the 11th the offering of Murtaẓā K͟hān -was laid before me. Of it seven rubies, one rosary of pearls, and 270 -other pearls were accepted, and their value was 145,000 rupees. On the -12th the offerings of Mīrzā Rāja Bhāo Singh and -Rāwat S͟hankar were laid before me. On the 13th, out of the -offering of K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan, one -<i>qutbī</i> (Egyptian?) ruby, one diamond, one string of pearls, -five rings, four pearls, and some cloths, altogether the value of -32,000 rupees, were accepted. On the 14th the mansab of -K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan, which was 3,000 personal and -700 horse, was increased by 1,000 personal and 500 horse, and that of -Wafādār K͟hān, of 750 personal and 200 horse, by -2,000 personal and 1,200 horse. On the same day Mustafā Beg, the -ambassador of the ruler of Iran, had the good fortune to wait upon me. -After <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb283" href="#pb283" name= -"pb283">283</a>]</span>completing the matter of Gurjistan (Georgia), my -exalted brother sent him with a letter consisting of expressions of -friendship and assurances of sincerity, with several horses, camels, -and some stuffs from Aleppo, which had come for that fortunate brother -from the direction of Rūm. Nine large European hunting dogs, for -which a request had gone, were also sent by him.</p> -<p class="par">Murtaẓā K͟hān, on this day, -obtained leave to go for the capture of the fort of Kāngra, the -equal of which for strength they cannot point to in the hill country of -the Panjab or even all the habitable world. From the time when the -sound of Islam reached the country of Hindustan up to this auspicious -time when the throne of rule has been adorned by this suppliant at the -throne of Allah, none of the rulers or kings has obtained possession of -it. Once in the time of my revered father, the army of the Panjab was -sent against this fort, and besieged it for a long time. At length they -came to the conclusion that the fort was not to be taken, and the army -was sent off to some more necessary business. When he was dismissed, I -gave Murtaẓā K͟hān a private elephant with -trappings. Rāja Sūraj Mal, son of Rāja Bāso, as his -country was near that fort, was also appointed, and his previous mansab -was increased by 500 personal and horse. Rāja Sūraj Singh -also came from his place and jagir and waited on me, and presented an -offering of 100 ashrafis. On the 17th the offering of Mīrzā -Rustam was laid before me. Two jewelled daggers, one rosary of pearls, -some pieces of cloth, an elephant, and four Iraq horses were accepted, -and the rest returned; their value was 15,000 rupees. On the same date -the offering of Iʿtiqād K͟hān, of the value of -18,000 rupees, was laid before me. On the 18th the offering of -Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān was inspected. Of jewels -and cloth stuffs the value of 15,000 rupees was accepted. The mansab of -Iʿtiqād K͟hān, which was 700 personal and 200 -horse, I increased <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb284" href="#pb284" -name="pb284">284</a>]</span>by 800 personal and 300 horse, so that with -original and increase it came to 1,500 personal and 500 horse. -K͟husrau Bī Ūzbeg, who was one of the distinguished -soldiers, died of the disease of dysentery. On the 8th day, which was -Thursday, after two watches and four and a half gharis had passed, the -<i>s͟haraf</i> (highest point of the sun’s ascension) began. -On this auspicious day I ascended the throne in happiness and -prosperity, and the people saluted and congratulated me. When one watch -of the day remained I went to the Chas͟hma-i-Nūr. According -to agreement the offering of Mahābat K͟hān was laid -before me at that place. He had arranged beautiful jewels and -jewellery, with cloth stuff and articles of all kinds that were -pleasing to me. Among these, a jewelled khapwa (dagger), which at his -request the royal artificers had made, and the like of which in value -there did not exist in my private treasury, was worth 100,000 rupees. -In addition to this, jewels and other things of the value of 138,000 -rupees were taken. Indeed, it was a splendid offering. To -Muṣt̤afā Beg, the ambassador of the ruler of Iran, I -gave 20,000 <i>darab</i>, or 10,000 rupees. On the 21st I sent robes of -honour by the hand of ʿAbdu-l-G͟hafūr to fifteen of the -Amirs of the Deccan. Rāja Bikramājīt obtained leave to -go to his jagir, and a special shawl (<i>parm narm</i><a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e6297src" href="#xd24e6297" name= -"xd24e6297src">2</a>) was given to him. On the same day I gave a -jewelled waist-dagger to Muṣt̤afā Beg, the ambassador. -I increased the mansab of Hūshang, the son of Islām -K͟hān, which was 1,000 personal and 500 horse, by 500 -personal and 200 horse. On the 23rd, Ibrāhīm K͟hān -was promoted to the Subah of Behar. Zafar K͟hān was ordered -to present himself at Court. To the mansab of Ibrāhīm -K͟hān, which was 2,000 personal and 1,000 horse, I added 500 -personal and 1,000 horse. Saif K͟hān on the same day was -dismissed to his jagir, as well as <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb285" -href="#pb285" name="pb285">285</a>]</span>Ḥājī Bī -Ūzbeg, who was honoured with the title of Ūzbeg -K͟hān. Bahāduru-l-mulk, who belonged to the army of the -Deccan and held the mansab of 2,500 personal and 2,100 horse received -an increase of 500 personal and 200 horse. An increase of 200 was made -in the mansab of K͟hwāja Taqī, which was 800 personal -and 180 horse. On the 25th an increase of 200 horse was made in the -rank of Salāmu-llah, the Arab, so that it became 1,500 personal -and 1,000 horse. I presented Mahābat K͟hān with the -black piebald horse out of my special horses which the ruler of Iran -had sent me. At the end of the day of Thursday I went to the house of -Bābā K͟hurram and remained there till a watch of the -night had passed. His second offering was laid before me on that day. -On the first day he paid his respects he laid before me a celebrated -ruby of the Rānā, which, on the day of his paying his -respects, he had made an offering of to my son, and which the jewellers -valued at 60,000 rupees. It was not worthy of the praise they had given -it. The weight of this ruby was eight <i>tānk</i>,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e6309src" href="#xd24e6309" name="xd24e6309src">3</a> -and it was formerly in the possession of Rāy Maldeo, who was the -chief of the tribe of the Rāṭhors and one of the chief -rulers (or Rays) of Hindustan. From him it was transferred to his son -Chandar Sen, who, in the days of his wretchedness and hopelessness, -sold it to Rānā Ūday Singh. From him it went to -Rānā Partāp, and afterwards to this Rānā Amar -Singh. As they had no more valuable gift in their family, he presented -it on the day that he paid his respects to my fortunate son -Bābā K͟hurram, together with the whole of his stud of -elephants, which, according to the Indian idiom, they call <i>gheta -chār.</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e6314src" href="#xd24e6314" -name="xd24e6314src">4</a> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb286" href= -"#pb286" name="pb286">286</a>]</span>I ordered them to engrave on the -ruby that at the time of paying his respects Rānā Amar Singh -had presented it as an offering to Sultān K͟hurram. On that -day certain other things from among the offerings of Bābā -K͟hurram were accepted. Among them was a little crystal box of -Frank work, made with great taste, with some emeralds, three rings, -four Iraq horses, and various other things, the value of which was -80,000 rupees. On the day on which I went to his house he had prepared -a great offering, in fact there were laid before me things and rarities -worth about four or five lakhs of rupees. Of these the equivalent of -100,000 rupees was taken away and the balance given to him.</p> -<p class="par">On the 28th the mansab of K͟hwāja Jahān, -which was 3,000 personal and 1,800 horse, was increased by 500 personal -and 400 horse. In the end of the month I presented Ibrāhīm -K͟hān with a horse, a robe of honour, a jewelled dagger, a -standard and drums, and dismissed him to the province of Behar. The -office of <i>ʿarẓ-mukarrir</i> (reviser of petitions), that -belonged to K͟hwājagī Ḥājī Muhammad, as -he had died, I gave to Muk͟hliṣ K͟hān, who was in -my confidence. Three hundred horse were increased in the mansab of -Dilāwar K͟hān, who now had 1,000 personal and horse. As -the hour of the leave-taking of Kunwar Karan was at hand, I was -desirous of showing him my skill in shooting with a gun. Just at this -time the <i>qarāwulān</i> (shikaris) brought in news of a -tigress. Though it is an established custom of mine only to hunt male -tigers, yet, in consideration that no other tiger might be obtained -before his departure, I went for the tigress. I took with me Karan, and -said to him that I would hit it wherever he wished me to do so. After -this arrangement I went to the place where they had <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb287" href="#pb287" name= -"pb287">287</a>]</span>marked down the tiger. By chance there was a -wind and disturbance in the air, and the female elephant on which I was -mounted was terrified of the tigress and would not stand still. -Notwithstanding these two great obstacles to shooting, I shot straight -towards her eye. God Almighty did not allow me to be ashamed before -that prince, and, as I had agreed, I shot her in the eye. On the same -day Karan petitioned me for a special gun, and I gave him a special -Turkish one.</p> -<p class="par">As on the day for his departure I had not given -Ibrāhīm K͟hān an elephant, I now gave him a special -elephant, and I also sent an elephant to Bahāduru-l-mulk and one -to Wafādār K͟hān. On the 8th Urdībihis͟ht -the assemblage for my lunar weighing was held, and I weighed myself -against silver and other things, distributing them amongst the -deserving and needy. Nawāzis͟h K͟hān took leave to -go to his jagir, which was in Malwa. On the same day I gave an elephant -to K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan. On the 9th they brought -K͟hān Aʿz̤am, who had come to Agra from the fort of -Gwalior, and who had been sent for. Though he had been guilty of many -offences, and in all that I had done to him I was right, yet when they -brought him into my presence and my eye fell on him, I perceived more -shame in myself than in him. Having pardoned all his offences, I gave -him the shawl I had round my waist. I gave Kunwar Karan 100,000 -<i>darab</i>. On the same day Rāja Sūraj Singh brought a -large elephant of the name of Ran-rāwat, which was a celebrated -elephant of his, as an offering. In fact, it was such a rare elephant -that I put it into my private stud. On the 10th the offering of -K͟hwāja Jahān, which he sent me from Agra by the hand of -his son, was laid before me. It was of all kinds of things, of the -value of 40,000 rupees. On the 12th the offering of K͟hān -Daurān, which consisted of forty-five<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6364src" href="#xd24e6364" name="xd24e6364src">5</a> horse -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb288" href="#pb288" name= -"pb288">288</a>]</span>two strings of camels, Arabian dogs -(greyhounds), and hunting animals (hawks?), was brought before me. On -the same day seven other elephants from Rāja Sūraj Singh were -also brought to me as an offering, and were placed in my private stud. -Taḥayyur K͟hān, after he had been in attendance on me -for four months, to-day got leave to go. A message was sent to -ʿĀdil K͟hān. I impressed on him the profit and loss -of friendship and enmity, and made an agreement (with Taḥayyur -K͟hān) that all these words should be repeated to -ʿĀdil K͟hān, and he should bring him back to the -path of loyalty and obedience. At the time of his taking leave I also -bestowed on him certain things. On the whole, in this short time, what -with the gifts bestowed on him by me privately, by the princes, and -those given him by the Amirs according to order, the account mounted up -to about 100,000 rupees that he had received. On the 14th the rank and -reward of my son K͟hurram were fixed. His mansab had been one of -12,000 personal and 6,000 horse, and that of his brother (Parwīz) -15,000 personal and 8,000 horse. I ordered his mansab to be made equal -with that of Parwīz, besides other rewards. I gave him a private -elephant of the name of Panchī Gaj,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6377src" href="#xd24e6377" name="xd24e6377src">6</a> with -accoutrements of the value of 12,000 rupees. On the 16th an elephant -was given to Mahābat K͟hān. On the 17th the mansab of -Rāja Sūraj Singh, which was 4,000 personal and 3,000 horse, -was increased by 1,000, and it was raised to 5,000. At the request of -ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān the mansab of K͟hwāja -ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf, which was 500 personal and 200 horse, -was raised by 200, and it was ordered to be 1,000 personal and 400 -horse. ʿAbdu-llah, the son of K͟hān Aʿz̤am, -who was imprisoned in the fort of Ranṭambhor, was sent for at the -request of his father. He came to the Court, and <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb289" href="#pb289" name="pb289">289</a>]</span>I -took the chains off his legs and sent him to his father’s house. -On the 24th, Rāja Sūraj Singh presented me with another -elephant, called Fauj-sangār (‘ornament of the army’), -by way of offering. Although this is also a good elephant, and has been -placed in my private stud, it is not to be compared with the first -elephant (he sent), which is one of the wonders of the age, and is -worth 20,000 rupees. On the 26th, 200 personal were added to the mansab -of Badīʿu-z-zamān, son of Mīrzā -S͟hāhruk͟h; it was 700 personal and 500 horse. On the -same day K͟hwāja Zainu-d-dīn, who is of the -Naqs͟hbandī K͟hwājas, came from -Māwarāʾa-n-nahr and waited on me, bringing as an -offering eighteen horses. Qizilbās͟h K͟hān, who was -one of the auxiliaries of the province of Gujarat, had come to Court -without the leave of the governor. I ordered that an ahadi should put -him into confinement, and that he be sent back to the governor of -Gujarat, so that others might not desire to do the same. The mansab of -Mubārak K͟hān Sazāwal I raised 500 personal, so -that it should be 1,500 personal and 700 horse. On the 29th I gave -K͟hān Aʿz̤am 100,000 rupees, and ordered that the -parganahs of Dāsna<a class="noteref" id="n300.1src" href="#n300.1" -name="n300.1src">7</a> and Kāsna,<a class="pseudonoteref" href= -"#n300.1">7</a> which are equivalent to 5,000 personal, should be made -his jagir. At the end of the same month I gave leave to -Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān, with his brothers and -other relatives, to go to Allahabad, which had been appropriated to -them as jagir. At this meeting twenty horse, a <i>qabā</i> -(<i>parm narm</i>) of Cashmere cloth, twelve deer, and ten Arabian dogs -were given to Karan. The next day, which was the 1st -K͟hūrdād, forty horse, the next day forty-one horse, and -the third day twenty, amounting in the space of three days to 101 head, -were given as a present to Kunwar Karan. In return for the elephant -Fauj-sangār, an elephant worth 10,000 rupees out of <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb290" href="#pb290" name="pb290">290</a>]</span>my -private stud was presented to Rāja Sūraj Singh. On the 5th of -the month ten turbans (<i>chīra</i>), ten coats (<i>qaba</i>), and -ten waist-bands were given to Karan. On the 20th I gave him another -elephant.</p> -<p class="par">In these days the news-writer of Kashmir had written -that a Mullā of the name of Gadāʾī, a disciplined -dervish, who for forty years had lived in one of the monasteries of the -city, had prayed the inheritors of that monastery two years<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e6409src" href="#xd24e6409" name="xd24e6409src">8</a> -before he was to deliver over the pledge of his life that he might -select a corner in that monastery as a place for his burial. They said, -“Let it be so.” In short, he selected a place. When the -time for his delivery came he informed his friends and relations and -those who were dear to him that an order had reached him that, -delivering over the pledge (of life) he had, he should turn towards the -last world. Those who were present wondered at his words, and said that -the prophets had no such information, and how could they believe such -words? He said, “Such an order has been given to me.” He -then turned to one of his confidants, who was of the sons of the -Qāẓīs of the country, and said: “You will expend -the price<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6412src" href="#xd24e6412" name= -"xd24e6412src">9</a> of my Koran, which is worth 700 tankas, in -carrying me (to the grave). When you hear the call to Friday’s -prayer you will enquire for me.” This conversation took place on -the Thursday, and he divided all the goods in his room among his -acquaintance and disciples, and went, and at end of the day bathed at -the baths. The Qāẓī-zāda aforesaid came before the -call for prayer, and enquired as to the health of the Mullā. When -he came to the door of the cell <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb291" -href="#pb291" name="pb291">291</a>]</span>he found the door closed and -a servant sitting there. He asked the slave what had happened, and the -servant said, “The Mullā has enjoined me that until the door -of the cell open of its own accord I must not go in.” Shortly -after these words were said the door of the cell opened. The -Qāẓī-zāda entered the cell with that servant and -saw that the Mullā was on his knees with his face turned toward -the qibla, and had given up his soul to God. Happy the state of the -freed who can fly away from this place of the snares of dependence with -such ease!</p> -<p class="par">By the increase of 200 personal and 50 horse in the -mansab of Karam Sen Rāṭhor, I raised it to 1,000 personal -and 300 horse. On the 11th of this month the offering of Las͟hkar -K͟hān, which consisted of three strings of Persian camels and -twenty cups and plates from K͟hit̤ā (China) and twenty -Arabian dogs, was brought before me. On the 12th a jewelled dagger was -bestowed on Iʿtibār K͟hān, and to Karan I gave a -plume (<i>kalgī</i>) worth 2,000 rupees. On the 14th I gave a -dress of honour to Sar-<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6422src" href= -"#xd24e6422" name="xd24e6422src">10</a>buland Rāy, and gave him -leave to go to the Deccan.</p> -<p class="par">On the night of Friday, the 15th, a strange affair -occurred. By chance on that night I was at Pushkar. To be brief, -Kis͟han, own brother to Rāja Sūraj Singh, was in great -perturbation through Gobind Dās, the Vakil of the said Raja having -some time ago killed his nephew, a youth of the name of Gopāl -Dās. The cause of the quarrel it would take too long to tell. -Kis͟han Singh expected that, as Gopāl Dās was also the -nephew of the Raja (Sūraj Singh), the latter would kill Gobind -Dās. But the Raja, on account of the experience and ability of -Gobind Dās, relinquished the idea of seeking revenge for his -nephew’s death. When Kis͟han saw this neglect on the part of -the Raja, he resolved himself to take <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb292" href="#pb292" name="pb292">292</a>]</span>revenge for his -nephew, and not allow his blood to pass away unnoticed. For a long time -he kept this matter in his mind, until on that night he assembled his -brothers, friends, and servants, and told them that he would go that -night to take Gobind Dās’s life, whatever might happen, and -that he did not care what injury might happen to the Raja. The Raja was -in ignorance of what was happening, and when it was near dawn -Kis͟han came with Karan, his brother’s son, and other -companions. When he arrived at the gate of the Raja’s dwelling he -sent some of the experienced men on foot to the house of Gobind -Dās, which was near the Raja’s. He himself (Kis͟han) -was on horseback, and stationed himself near the gate. The men on foot -entered Gobind Dās’s house, and killed some of those who -were there on guard. Whilst this fight was going on Gobind Dās -awoke, and seizing his sword in a state of bewilderment was coming out -from one side of the house to join the outside watchmen. When the men -on foot had finished killing some of the people, they came out of the -tent to endeavour to find out Gobind Dās, and, meeting him, they -finished his affair (killed him). Before the news of the killing of -Gobind Dās reached Kis͟han, he, unable to bear it any more, -dismounted and came inside the dwelling. Although his men protested in -a disturbed state that it was not right to be on foot, he would in no -way listen to them. If he had remained a little longer and the news of -his enemy having been killed had reached him, it is possible that he -would have escaped safe and sound, mounted as he was. As the pen of -destiny had gone forth after another fashion, as soon as he alighted -and went in, the Raja, who was in his <i>maḥall</i> (female -apartment), awoke at the uproar among the people, and stood at the gate -of his house with his sword drawn. People from all sides were aroused -and came in against the men who were on foot. They saw what the number -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb293" href="#pb293" name= -"pb293">293</a>]</span>of men on foot was, and came out in great -numbers and faced Kis͟han Singh’s men, who were about ten in -number. In short, Kis͟han Singh and his nephew Karan, when they -reached the Raja’s house, were attacked by these men and both of -them killed. Kis͟han Singh had seven and Karan nine wounds. -Altogether in this fight 66 men on the two sides were killed, on the -Raja’s side 30 and on Kis͟han Singh’s 36. When the sun -rose and illumined the world with its light, this business was -revealed, and the Raja saw that his brother, his nephew, and some of -his servants, whom he considered dearer than himself, were killed, and -the whole of the rest had dispersed to their own places. The news -reached me in Pushkar, and I ordered them to burn those who were -killed, according to their rites, and inform me of the true -circumstances of the affair. In the end it became clear that the affair -had happened in the manner in which it has been written here, and that -no further enquiry was necessary.</p> -<p class="par">On the 8th Mīrān Ṣadr Jahān came -from his native place and waited on me with an offering of 100 muhrs. -Rāy Sūraj Singh was dismissed to his duty in the Deccan. I -presented him with a couple of pearls for his ears and a special -Kashmir shawl (<i>parm narm</i>). A pair of pearls were also sent to -K͟hān Jahān. On the 25th I increased the mansab of -Iʿtibār K͟hān by 600 horse, so as to bring it to -5,000 personal and 2,000 horse. On the same day Karan obtained leave to -go to his jagir. He received a present of a horse, a special elephant, -a dress of honour, a string of pearls of the value of 50,000 rupees, -and a jewelled dagger which had been completed for 2,000 rupees. From -the time of his waiting on me till he obtained leave, what he had had -in the shape of cash, jewellery, jewels, and jewelled things was of the -value of 200,000 rupees, with 110 horses, five elephants, in addition -to what my son K͟hurram bestowed on him <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb294" href="#pb294" name="pb294">294</a>]</span>at -various times. I gave Mubārak K͟hān Sazāwal a horse -and an elephant, and appointed him to accompany him. I sent several -verbal messages to the Rānā. Rāja Sūraj Singh also -obtained leave to go to his native country, with a promise to return in -two months. On the 27th, Pāyanda K͟hān -Mog͟hul,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6447src" href="#xd24e6447" -name="xd24e6447src">11</a> who was one of the old Amirs of the State, -gave up the deposit of his life.</p> -<p class="par">At the end of this month news came that the ruler of -Iran had executed his eldest son Ṣafī Mīrzā. This -was a cause of great bewilderment. When I enquired into it they said -that at Daras͟h,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6452src" href= -"#xd24e6452" name="xd24e6452src">12</a> which is one of the noted -cities of Gīlān, he ordered a slave of the name of -Bihbūd to kill Ṣafī Mīrzā. The slave found an -opportunity, early in the morning on the 5th of Muḥarram, in the -year 1024 (25th January, 1615), when the Mīrzā was returning -from the baths towards his house, and finished his affair for him with -two wounds from a sword (<i>sīk͟hakī</i>).<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e6458src" href="#xd24e6458" name= -"xd24e6458src">13</a> After a great part of the day had passed, while -his body lay between the water and the mud, S͟haik͟h -Bahāʾu-d-dīn Muḥammad, who was the best known man -in the country for learning and holiness, and on whom the Shah had full -reliance, reported the affair, and, obtaining leave to lift him up, -took his corpse and sent it to Ardabīl, where was the -burial-ground of his ancestors. Although much enquiry was made of -travellers from Iran, no one would say a word of this affair that -satisfied my mind with regard to it. The killing of a son must have -some powerful motive in order to do away with the disgrace of it. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb295" href="#pb295" name= -"pb295">295</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">On the 1st of the month of Tīr I gave an elephant -of the name of Ranjīt with its trappings to Mīrzā Rustam -and another to Sayyid Alī Bārha. Mīrak Ḥusain, a -relation of K͟hwāja S͟hamsu-d-dīn, was appointed -bakhshi and news-writer of the Subah of Behar, and took leave to go. I -gave K͟hwāja ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf -Qūs͟h-begī (the falconer) an elephant and a dress of -honour, and dismissed him to his jagir. On the 9th of the same month I -gave a jewelled sword to K͟hān Dauran, and a jewelled dagger -was sent for Allahdād, the son of Jalālā the Afghan, who -had become loyal. On the 13th took place the meeting for the festival -of the <i>Āb-pās͟hān</i><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6469src" href="#xd24e6469" name="xd24e6469src">14</a> (rose-water -scattering), and the servants of the Court amused themselves with -sprinkling rose-water over each other. On the 17th, Amānat -K͟hān was appointed to the port of Cambay. As Muqarrab -K͟hān proposed to come to Court, the (charge of the) -aforesaid port was changed. On the same day I sent a jewelled -waist-dagger to my son Parwīz. On the 18th the offering of -K͟hānk͟hānān was laid before me. He had -prepared all kinds of jewellery and other things, jewels with jewelled -things, such as three rubies and 103 pearls, 100 rubies -(<i>yāqūt</i>), two jewelled daggers and an aigrette adorned -with rubies and pearls, a jewelled water-jar, a jewelled sword, a -quiver bound with velvet, and a diamond ring, altogether of the value -of about 100,000 rupees, in addition to jewels and jewelled things, -cloth from the Deccan and Carnatic, and all kinds of gilt and plain -things, with fifteen elephants and a horse whose mane reached the -ground. The offering of S͟hāh-nawāz K͟hān (his -son) also, consisting of five elephants, 300 pieces of all kinds of -cloth, was brought before me. On the 8th I honoured Hūs͟hang -with the title of Ikrām K͟hān. Rūz-afzūn, who -was one of the princes of the Subah of Behar and who had <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb296" href="#pb296" name="pb296">296</a>]</span>been -from his youth one of the permanent servants of the Court, having been -honoured by admission into Islam, was made Raja of the province of his -father, Rāja Sangrām.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6477src" -href="#xd24e6477" name="xd24e6477src">15</a> Though the latter had been -killed in opposing the leaders of the State, I gave him an elephant and -leave to go to his native place. An elephant was presented to -Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān. On the 24th, Jagat Singh, -son of Kunwar Karan, who was in his 12th year, came and waited on me, -and presented petitions from his grandfather, the Rānā Amar -Singh, and from his father. The signs of nobility and high birth were -evident on his face. I pleased him with a dress of honour and kindness. -To the mansab of Mīrzā ʿĪsā Tark͟hān -an addition of 200 personal was made, so that it attained to 1,200 -personal and 300 horse. In the end of the month, having honoured -S͟haik͟h Ḥusain Rohīla with the title of -Mubāriz K͟hān, I dismissed him to his jagir. Ten -thousand darabs (5,000 rupees) were given to the relations of -Mīrzā S͟harafu-d-dīn Ḥusain -Kās͟hg͟harī, who at this time had come and had the -honour of kissing the threshold. On the 5th Amurdād, to the mansab -of Rāja Nathmal, which was 1,500 personal and 1,100 horse, an -addition of 500 personal and 100 horse was made. On the 7th, -Kes͟ho (Dās) Mārū, who had a jagir in the Sarkar of -Orissa, and who had been sent for to Court on account of a -complaint<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6480src" href="#xd24e6480" name= -"xd24e6480src">16</a> against the governor of the Subah of that place, -came and paid his respects. He produced as an offering four elephants. -As I had a great desire to see my <i>farzand</i> (son) K͟hān -Jahān (Lodī), and for the purpose of enquiring into important -matters connected with the Deccan, it was necessary for him to come at -once, I sent for him. On Tuesday, the 8th of the same <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb297" href="#pb297" name= -"pb297">297</a>]</span>month, he waited on me, and presented as an -offering 1,000 muhrs, 1,000 rupees, 4 rubies, 20 pearls, 1 emerald, and -a jewelled <i>phūl kaṭāra</i>, the total value being -50,000 rupees. On the night of Sunday, as it was the anniversary of the -great K͟hwāja (Muʿīnu-d-dīn), I went to his -revered mausoleum, and remained there till midnight. The attendants and -Sufis exhibited ecstatic states, and I gave the fakirs and attendants -money with my own hand; altogether there were expended 6,000 rupees in -cash, 100 <i>s̤aub-kurta</i> (a robe down to the ankles), 70 -rosaries of pearls,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6497src" href= -"#xd24e6497" name="xd24e6497src">17</a> coral and amber, etc. Mahā -Singh, grandson of Rāja Mān Singh, was honoured with the -title of Raja, and a standard and drums given him. On the 16th an Iraq -horse out of my private stable and another horse were presented to -Mahābat K͟hān. On the 19th an elephant was given to -K͟hān Aʿz̤am. On the 20th, 200 horse were added to -the mansab of Kes͟ho (Dās) Mārū, which was 2,000 -personal and 1,000 horse, and he was dignified with a dress of honour. -An increase of 200 personal and horse was made to the mansab of -K͟hwāja ʿĀqil, which was 1,200 personal and 600 -horse. On the 22nd, Mirzā Rāja Bhāo Singh took leave to -go to Amber, which was his ancient native place, and had given him a -special Kashmir <i>phūp</i> (?) robe.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6504src" href="#xd24e6504" name="xd24e6504src">18</a> On the -25th, Aḥmad Beg K͟hān, who was imprisoned at -Ranṭambhor, paid his respects to me, and his offences were -pardoned on account of his former services. On the 28th, Muqarrab -K͟hān came from the Subah of Gujarat and waited on me, and -offered an aigrette and a jewelled throne.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6510src" href="#xd24e6510" name="xd24e6510src">19</a> An increase -of 500 personal and horse was made to the mansab of Salāamu-llah, -the Arab, and it was brought to 2,000 personal and 1,100 horse. On the -1st of the month of S͟hahrīwar the following increases were -made <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb298" href="#pb298" name= -"pb298">298</a>]</span>in the rank of a number of men who were going on -service to the Deccan:—To Mubāriz K͟hān 300 horse, -making 1,000 personal and horse. Nāhir K͟hān was also -raised to 1,000 personal and horse. Dilāwar K͟hān was -raised by 300 horse to 2,500 personal and horse. Manglī -K͟hān’s rank was increased by 200 horse to 1,500 -personal and 1,000 horse. Girdhar, the son of Ray Sāl, had the -rank of 800 personal and horse bestowed on him, and Ilf K͟hān -Qiyām K͟hān the same mansab, original and increase. -Yādgār Ḥusain was raised to 700 personal and 500 horse, -and Kamālu-d-dīn, son of S͟hīr K͟hān, to -the same mansab. One hundred and fifty horse were added to the rank of -Sayyid ʿAbdu-llah Bārha, which then came to 700 personal and -300 horse, original and increase. On the 8th of the said month I -bestowed one Nūr-jahānī muhr, which is equal to 6,400 -rupees, on Muṣt̤afā Beg, the ambassador of the ruler of -Iran, and presented five cheetahs to Qāsim K͟hān, -governor of Bengal. Mīrzā Murād, eldest son of -Mīrzā Rustam, on the 12th of the same month was honoured with -the title of Iltifāt K͟hān. On the night of the 16th, -corresponding with the <i>S͟hab-i-barāt</i> (consecrated to -the memory of forefathers), I ordered them to light lamps on the hills -round the Ānā Sāgar tank and on its banks, and went -myself to look at them. The reflection of the lamps fell on the water -and had a wonderful appearance. I passed the most of that night with -the ladies of the mahall on the bank of that tank.</p> -<p class="par">On the 17th, Mīrzā Jamālu-d-dīn -Ḥusain,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6526src" href="#xd24e6526" -name="xd24e6526src">20</a> who had gone as an ambassador to Bijapur, -came and waited on me, and presented three rings, the stone of one of -which was a cornelian from Yemen, of great beauty and pureness of -water, the like of which is seldom seen among the cornelians of Yemen. -ʿĀdil K͟hān sent a person of the name of Sayyid -Kabīr K͟hān on his own part with the said <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb299" href="#pb299" name="pb299">299</a>]</span>Mir, -and forwarded as offerings elephants with gold and silver fittings, -Arab horses, jewels and jewelled things, and all kinds of cloth made in -that country. On the 24th of this month they were brought before me -with a letter he had brought. On the same day the assembly for my solar -weighing was held. On the 26th, Muṣt̤afā Beg, the -ambassador, took his leave. In addition to what had been bestowed on -him during the time of his attendance, I gave him 20,000 rupees more in -cash and a dress of honour, and in answer to the letter he had brought -sent a friendly letter written in the perfection of friendship. On the -4th of the month of Mihr the mansab of Mīr Jamālu-d-dīn -Ḥusain, which was 2,000 personal and 500 horse, was fixed at -4,000 personal and 2,000 horse. On the 5th, Mahābat -K͟hān, in company with K͟hān Jahān, who had -been appointed to serve in the Deccan, at the hour that had been -appointed for him, took his leave; he was honoured with a dress of -honour, a jewelled dagger, a <i>phūl kaṭāra</i>, a -special sword, and an elephant. On the 8th, K͟hān Jahān -took his leave, and I presented him with a dress of honour, and a -special <i>nādirī</i> (a dress), and an ambling horse with a -saddle, a special elephant, and a special sword. On the same date 1,700 -horse of those under the command of Mahābat K͟hān were -ordered to have assignments (<i>tank͟hwāh</i>) for two or -three horses given them. The whole of the men who were at this time -appointed for service in the Deccan were 330 mansabdars, 3,000 ahadis, -700 horse from the Ūymaqs, and 3,000 Dalazāk Afghans. -Altogether there were 30,000<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6541src" href= -"#xd24e6541" name="xd24e6541src">21</a> cavalry, and 3,000,000 rupees -of treasure, and an efficient artillery, and war elephants. They -proceeded on this duty<span class="corr" id="xd24e6544" title= -"Not in source">.</span> The mansab of Sarbuland Rāy was increased -by 500 personal and 260 horse, and came to 2,000 personal and 1,500 -horse. Bāljū, nephew of Qilīj K͟hān, was -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb300" href="#pb300" name= -"pb300">300</a>]</span>promoted to the mansab of 1,000 personal and 700 -horse, original and increase. I also increased Rāja Kis͟han -Dās’s mansab by 500. At the request of K͟hān -Jahān, the mansab of S͟hāhbāz K͟hān -Lodī, who belonged to the Deccan force, was fixed, original and -increase, at 2,000 personal and 1,000 horse; and 200 horse were added -to the mansab of Wazīr K͟hān. The mansab of Suhrāb -K͟hān, son of Mīrzā Rustam, was fixed at 1,000 -personal and 400 horse, original and increase. On the 14th of the same -month 1,000 was added to the mansab of Mīr Jamālu-d-dīn -Ḥusain, and by increasing it also by 500 horse he was raised to -the exalted rank of 5,000 personal and 2,500 horse. On the 19th, -Rāja Sūraj Singh, with his son Gaj Singh, who had gone home, -came and paid their respects, and presented as offerings 100 muhrs and -1,000 rupees. I gave Sayyid Kabīr, who had been sent by -ʿĀdil K͟hān, one Nūrjahānī muhr, -which weighed 500 <i>tūlcha</i>. On the 23rd, ninety elephants of -those which Qāsim K͟hān had acquired from the conquest -of the country of Kūch (Behar), and the conquest of the Maghs and -the zamindars of Orissa, were brought before me and placed in the -special elephant houses. On the 26th, Irādat K͟hān was -raised to the rank of Mīr-sāmānī (head butler), -Muʿtamad K͟hān to that of Bakhshi of the Ahadis, -Muḥammad Riẓā Jābirī to that of Bakhshi of -the Subah of the Panjab and news writer of that place. Sayyid -Kabīr, who had come on the part of ʿĀdil K͟hān -to beg pardon for the offences of the rulers -(<i>dunyā-dārān</i>) of the Deccan, and to promise the -restoration of the fort of Ahmadnagar and the royal territory which had -been taken out of the possession of the chiefs of the victorious State -through the rebellion of certain rebels, came and waited on me, and -obtained leave to go on this date; and, having received a dress of -honour, an elephant, and a horse, started off. As Rāja Rāj -Singh Kachhwāha had died in the Deccan, I promoted his son -Rām Dās <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb301" href="#pb301" -name="pb301">301</a>]</span>to the mansab of 1,000 personal and 400 -horse. On the 4th of Ābān, drums were given to Saif -K͟hān Bārha and his mansab increased by 300 horse, so as -to bring it up to 3,000 personal and 2,000 horse. On the same date I -released Rāja Mān, who was in confinement in the fort of -Gwalior, on the security of Murtaẓā K͟hān, and, -confirming his mansab, sent him to the said K͟hān for duty at -the fort of Kāngra. At the request of K͟hān Daurān, -an increase of 300 horse was ordered to the mansab of Ṣādiq -K͟hān, raising it to 1,000 personal and horse. -Mīrzā ʿĪsā Tark͟hān came from the -province of Sambhal, which was his jagir, and waited on me, and offered -100 muhrs. On the 16th, Rāja Sūraj Singh obtained leave to go -to his duty in the Deccan, and I increased his mansab by 300 horse, so -as to make it 5,000 personal and 3,300 horse; he received a dress of -honour and a horse, and started. On the 18th I confirmed the mansab of -Mīrzā ʿĪsā, original and increase, at 1,500 -personal and 800 horse, and gave him an elephant and a dress of honour, -and he took leave to go to the Deccan.</p> -<p class="par">On the same day the news of the death of the wretch -Chīn Qilīj was received by a letter from Jahāngīr -Qulī K͟hān. After the death of Qilīj -K͟hān, who was one of the old servants of this State, I had -made this inauspicious man an Amīr, and shown him great favour, -and given him in jagir such a place as Jaunpur. I also sent his other -brothers and relations with him and made them his deputies. He had one -brother of the name of Lahorī,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6559src" -href="#xd24e6559" name="xd24e6559src">22</a> of a very wicked -disposition. It was reported to me that the servants of God (people) -were greatly oppressed by his conduct. I sent an ahadi to bring him -(Lahorī) from Jaunpur. At the coming of the ahadi, suspicion -without any cause prevailed over Chīn Qilīj, and it came into -his mind to run away, taking <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb302" href= -"#pb302" name="pb302">302</a>]</span>his misguided brother with him. -Leaving his mansab, his government, place, and jagir, money, property, -children, and people, he took a little money and gold and a few jewels -and went with a small body among the zamindars. This news arrived a few -days ago and caused great astonishment. In short, to whatever zamindar -he went he took money<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6564src" href= -"#xd24e6564" name="xd24e6564src">23</a> from him(?) and then let him -go(?), until news came that he had entered the country of -Johat.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6567src" href="#xd24e6567" name= -"xd24e6567src">24</a> When this news reached Jahāngīr -Qulī K͟hān, he sent some of his men to take and bring -that thoughtless one. They took him as soon as they arrived, and were -intending to take him to Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān, -when he at that very moment went to hell. Some of those who had -accompanied him said that for some days previously he had contracted an -illness and it had killed him. But this was heard of him as well, that -he committed suicide, in order that they might not take him to -Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān in this state. In any -case, they brought his body with his children and servants who were -with him to Allahabad. They made away with most of the money that he -had, and the zamindars took it from him. Alas, that salt (i.e. loyalty) -should not have brought such black-faced wretches to condign -punishment!</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Behind the duty that lies on all people is the -duty to the sovereign and benefactor”(?).<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6573src" href="#xd24e6573" name="xd24e6573src">25</a></p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb303" href="#pb303" name= -"pb303">303</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">On the 22nd, at the request of K͟hān -Daurān, 200 horse were added to the mansab of Nād -ʿAlī Maidānī, one of the officers appointed to -Bangas͟h, which brought it to 1,500 personal and 1,000 horse; 100 -horse were also added to the mansab of Las͟hkar K͟hān, -which was 2,000 personal and 900 horse. On the 24th I confirmed the -mansab of Muqarrab K͟hān, which was 3,000 personal and 2,000 -horse, and increased it to 5,000 personal and 2,500 horse. On the same -day I bestowed the title of K͟hān on Qiyām, son of -S͟hāh Muḥammad Qandahārī, who was an -Amīr-zāda, and was in service as a huntsman. On the 5th of -the month of Āẕar a jewelled dagger was given to -Dārāb K͟hān, and by the hand of Rāja -Sārang Deo dresses of honour were bestowed on the Amirs of the -Deccan. As some (evil) things had been heard about Ṣafdar -K͟hān, governor of Kashmir, I dismissed him from the -government, and favouring Aḥmad Beg K͟hān on account of -his previous services, I promoted him to be Subadar of Kashmir, and -confirmed his mansab of 2,500 personal and 1,500 horse, honoured him -with a jewelled waist-dagger and a dress of honour, and gave him leave. -By the hand of Ihtimām K͟hān I sent winter dresses of -honour to Qāsim K͟hān, governor of Bengal, and the Amirs -that were attached to that province. On the 15th of the month there was -laid before me the offering of Makaʾī, son of -Iftik͟hār K͟hān, consisting of an elephant, -<i>goṭ</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e6581src" href="#xd24e6581" -name="xd24e6581src">26</a> horses, and pieces of cloth. He was honoured -with the title of Muruwwat K͟hān. At the request of -Iʿtimādu-d-daula, I had sent for Dayānat -K͟hān, who was in the fort of Gwalior, and he had the good -fortune to pay his respects; his property, which had been confiscated, -was restored to him.</p> -<p class="par">At this time K͟hwāja Hās͟him, of -Dahbīd, who at this day vigorously maintains in Transoxiana the -profession <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb304" href="#pb304" name= -"pb304">304</a>]</span>of a dervish, and in whom the people of that -country have great belief, sent a letter by the hand of one of his -disciples pointing out his old devotion (to the royal family) and -connection and friendship of his ancestors with this illustrious -family, together with a <i>farjī</i><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6592src" href="#xd24e6592" name="xd24e6592src">27</a> and a bow -and a couplet which the late king Bābar had made for a saint of -the name of K͟hwājagī, who also belonged to that sect of -dervishes. The last hemistich is as follows:—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“We are bound to the K͟hwājagī and -are servants to the K͟hwājagī.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">I also with my own pen wrote some lines in the -style of that writing, and sent impromptu quatrains with 1,000 -Jahāngīrī muhrs to the said K͟hwāja—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“O thou whose kindness to me is ever more and -more,</p> -<p class="line">The State has remembrance of thee, O Dervish,</p> -<p class="line">As from good tidings our heart is rejoiced,</p> -<p class="line">We are glad that thy kindness passes all -bounds.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">As I ordered that whoever had the poetic -temperament should recite (compose?) this quatrain,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e6614src" href="#xd24e6614" name="xd24e6614src">28</a> -Ḥakīm Masīḥu-z-zamān said, and said very -well—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Although we have the business of kingship before -us,</p> -<p class="line">Every moment more and more we think on the -dervishes.</p> -<p class="line">If the heart of our Dervish be gladdened by us</p> -<p class="line">We count that to be the profit of our -kingship.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">I gave the Ḥakīm 1,000 muhrs for the -composition of this quatrain. On the 7th of the month of Day, when I -was coming back from Pushkar and returning to Ajmir, on the way -forty-two wild pigs were taken.</p> -<p class="par">On the 20th, Mīr Mīrān came and waited on -me. A summary of his circumstances and of his family is <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb305" href="#pb305" name="pb305">305</a>]</span>now -written. On the side of his father<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6648src" -href="#xd24e6648" name="xd24e6648src">29</a> he is the grandson of -Mīr G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn Muḥammad Mīr -Mīrān, son of S͟hāh Niʿmatu-llah Walī. -During the reigns of the Ṣafawī kings the family had -attained to great respect, so that S͟hāh T̤ahmāsp -gave his own sister Jānish<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6651src" -href="#xd24e6651" name="xd24e6651src">30</a> K͟hānim to -S͟hāh Niʿmatu-llah, and so on account of his being a -great Shaikh and of his being an instructor he was made a relative and -a son-in-law (of kings). On the side of his mother he was the -daughter’s son of S͟hāh Ismaʿīl -K͟hūnī (Ismaʿīl II, the Bloody). After the -death of S͟hāh Niʿmatu-llah, his son -G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn Muḥammad Mīr -Mīrān received great consideration, and the late -S͟hāh (T̤ahmāsp) gave to his eldest son in marriage -a daughter from the royal family. He gave the daughter of the -above-mentioned S͟hāh Ismaʿīl to another son of -his, K͟halīlu-llah, to whom Mīr Mīrān was -born. The aforesaid Mīr K͟halīlu-llah, seven or eight -years before this, had come from Persia and waited on me at Lahore. As -he belonged to a high and saintly family, I was much interested in his -affairs, and gave him a mansab and a jagir, and honoured and cherished -him. After the seat of government was at Agra, in a short time he was -attacked by bilious<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6654src" href= -"#xd24e6654" name="xd24e6654src">31</a> diarrhœa from eating too -many mangoes, and in ten or twelve days gave up his soul to the -Creator. I was grieved at his going, and ordered what he had left in -cash and jewels to be sent to his children in Persia. Meanwhile -Mīr Mīrān, who was 22 years old, became a qalandar and -dervish, and came to me at Ajmir in a way that nobody on the road could -recognize him. I soothed all the troubles of his mind and the miseries -of his inward and outward condition, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb306" href="#pb306" name="pb306">306</a>]</span>and gave him a mansab -of 1,000 personal and 400 horse, and presented him with 30,000 darabs -in cash. He is now in waiting and attendance on me.</p> -<p class="par">On the 12th, Z̤afar K͟hān, who had been -removed from the Subah of Behar, came and waited on me, and made an -offering of 100 muhrs, as well as three elephants. On the 15th of Day I -increased the mansab of Qāsim K͟hān, the Subahdar of -Bengal, by 1,000 personal and horse, so as to make it 4,000 personal -and horse. As the diwan and bakhshi of Bengal, Ḥusain Beg and -T̤āhir, had not done approved service, Muk͟hliṣ -K͟hān, who was one of the confidential servants of the Court, -was nominated to these duties. I conferred on him a mansab of 2,000 -personal and 700 horse, and also gave him a standard. The duty of -<i>ʿarẓ-mukarrir</i> (reviser of petitions) I ordered to be -given to Dayānat K͟hān. On the 25th, Friday, the -weighing of my son K͟hurram took place. Up to the present year, -when he is 24 years old, and is married and has children, he has never -defiled himself with drinking wine. On this day, when the assembly for -his weighing was held, I said to him: “Bābā, thou hast -become the father of children, and kings and kings’ sons have -drunk wine. To-day, which is the day of thy being weighed, I will give -thee wine to drink, and give thee leave to drink it on feast days and -at the time of the New Year, and at all great festivals. But thou must -observe the path of moderation, for wise men do not consider it right -to drink to such an extent as to destroy the understanding, and it is -necessary that from drinking only profit should be derived.” -Bū ʿAlī (Avicenna), who is one of the most learned of -hakims and physicians, has written this quatrain—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Wine is a raging enemy, a prudent friend;</p> -<p class="line">A little is an antidote, but much a snake’s -poison.</p> -<p class="line">In much there is no little injury,</p> -<p class="line">In a little there is much profit.”</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb307" href="#pb307" name= -"pb307">307</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">With much trouble wine was given to him. I had not drunk -it till I was 15<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6677src" href="#xd24e6677" -name="xd24e6677src">32</a> years old, except when in the time of my -infancy two or three times my mother and wet-nurses gave it by way of -infantile remedy. They asked for a little spirit from my revered -father, and gave it me to the extent of a tola mixed with water and -rosewater to take away a cough, designating it as medicine. At the time -when the camp of my revered father had been pitched in order to put -down the disturbance of Yūsufzaʾe Afghans at the fort of -Attock, which is on the bank of the Nīlāb (Indus) River, one -day I had mounted to go out to hunt. When I had moved about a good deal -and the signs of weariness had set in, a gunner of the name of -Ustād S͟hāh-qulī, a wonderful gunner out of those -under my revered uncle Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥakīm, -said to me that if I would take a cup of wine it would drive away the -feeling of being tired and heavy. It was in the time of my youth, and -as I felt disposed towards it I ordered Mahmūd, the -Āb-dār (person in charge of drinking water, etc.), to go to -the house of Ḥakīm ʿAlī and bring me an -intoxicating draught. He sent me<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6680src" -href="#xd24e6680" name="xd24e6680src">33</a> the amount of one and a -half cups of yellow wine of a sweet taste in a little bottle. I drank -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb308" href="#pb308" name= -"pb308">308</a>]</span>it, and found its quality agreeable. After that -I took to drinking wine, and increased it from day to day until wine -made from grapes ceased to intoxicate me, and I took to drinking arrack -(<i>ʿaraq</i>, spirits), and by degrees during nine years my -potions rose to twenty cups of doubly distilled spirits, fourteen -during the daytime and the remainder at night. The weight of this was -six Hindustani sirs or one and a half maunds of Iran. The extent of my -eating in those days was a fowl<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6688src" -href="#xd24e6688" name="xd24e6688src">34</a> with bread and vegetables -(lit. radish).<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6714src" href="#xd24e6714" -name="xd24e6714src">35</a> In that state of matters no one had the -power to forbid me, and matters went to such a length that in the -crapulous state from the excessive trembling of my hand I could not -drink from my own cup, but others had to give it me to drink, until I -sent for Ḥakīm Humām, brother of Ḥakīm -Abū-l-fatḥ, who was of the most intimate with my revered -father, and informed him of my state. He, with excessive sincerity and -unfeigned burning of heart, said to me without hesitation, “Lord -of the world, by the way in which you drink spirits, God forbid it, but -in six months matters will come to such a pass that there will be no -remedy for it.” As his words were said out of pure good-will, and -sweet life was dear to me, they made an impression on me, and from that -day I began to lessen my allowance and set myself to take -<i>filūnīyā</i>.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6723src" -href="#xd24e6723" name="xd24e6723src">36</a> In <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb309" href="#pb309" name= -"pb309">309</a>]</span>proportion as I diminished my liquor, I -increased the amount of filuniya.</p> -<p class="par">I also ordered that the arrack should be diluted with -wine of the grape so that there should be two parts wine and one part -arrack. Every day I diminished the quantity I took, and in the course -of seven years I brought it down to six cups. The weight of each cupful -was 18¼ misqals. It is now fifteen years that I have drunk at -this rate, neither more nor less. And my drinking time is the night -except on the day of Thursdays, as it is the day of the blessed -accession. Also on the eve<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6769src" href= -"#xd24e6769" name="xd24e6769src">37</a> of Friday, which is the most -blessed eve of the week, and is the prelude to a blessed day (I do not -drink). I drink at the end of each day with these two<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e6775src" href="#xd24e6775" name="xd24e6775src">38</a> -exceptions, for it does not appear right that this eve (Thursday night) -should be spent in neglect, and that there should be an omission (on -Friday) of returning thanks to the True Benefactor. On the day of -Thursday and on the day of Sunday I do not eat <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb310" href="#pb310" name= -"pb310">310</a>]</span>meat. Not on Thursday, because it is the day of -my auspicious accession, and not on Sunday, because it is the birthday -of my revered father, and he greatly honoured and held dear the day. -After some time I substituted opium for filuniya. Now that my age has -arrived at 46 solar years and 4 months, I eat eight surkhs (a red berry -used as a weight) of opium when five gharis of day have passed, and six -surkhs after one watch of night.</p> -<p class="par">I gave a jewelled dagger to ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān by the hand of Maqṣūd ʿAlī. -S͟haik͟h Mūsā, a relation of Qāsim -K͟hān, was dignified with the title of K͟hān, and -promoted to the mansab of 800 personal and 400 horse, and was allowed -to go to Bengal. The mansab of Z̤afar K͟hān was -increased to 500 personal and horse, and he was appointed to duty in -Bangash. On the same day Muḥammad Ḥusain, brother of -K͟hwāja Jahān, was given the faujdārship of the -Sarkar of Ḥiṣṣār and dismissed, his mansab being -increased by 200 horse to raise it to 500 personal and 400 horse, with -the gift of an elephant. On the 5th Bahman an elephant was conferred on -Mīr Mīrān. When the merchant ʿAbdu-l-Karīm -left Iran for Hindustan, my exalted brother S͟hāh -ʿAbbās sent me by his hand a rosary of cornelian from Yemen -and a cup of Venetian workmanship, which was very fine and rare. On the -9th of the same month they were laid before me. On the 18th some -offerings of many kinds of jewelled ornaments, etc., which -Sult̤ān Parwīz had sent to me, were laid before me. On -the 7th Isfandārmuẕ, Ṣādiq, nephew of -Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, who was permanently employed as Bakhshi, -was honoured with the title of K͟hān. I had also conferred -this title on K͟hwāja ʿAbdu-l-ʿAzīz. According -to what was right, I called him by the title of -ʿAbdu-l-ʿAzīz K͟hān and Ṣādiq by -that of Ṣādiq K͟hān. On the 10th, Jagat Singh, son -of Kunwar Karan, who had obtained leave <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb311" href="#pb311" name="pb311">311</a>]</span>to go to his native -country, when he took leave was presented with 20,000 rupees, a horse, -an elephant, a dress of honour, and a special shawl. Five thousand -rupees, a horse, and a dress of honour were also given to Haridās -Jhālā, who was one of the confidants of the Rānā -and tutor to Karan’s son. By his hand I also sent a mace of gold -(<i>s͟has͟hparī</i>) for the Rānā.</p> -<p class="par">On the 20th of the same month, Rāja Sūraj -Singh, son of Rāja Bāso, who on account of the nearness of -his dwelling-place to it had been sent with Murtaẓā -K͟hān to capture the fort of Kāngra, came on my summons -and waited on me. The aforesaid K͟hān had entertained certain -suspicions with regard to him, and on this account, considering him an -undesirable companion, had repeatedly sent petitions to the Court, and -wrote things about him until an order was received to summon him.</p> -<p class="par">On the 26th, Niz̤āmu-d-dīn -K͟hān came from Multan and waited on me. In the end of this -year news of victory and prosperity came in from all sides of my -dominions. In the first place, this was with regard to the disturbance -of Aḥdād, the Afghan, who for a long time past had been in -rebellion in the hill country of Kabul, and round whom many of the -Afghans of that neighbourhood had assembled, and against whom from the -time of my revered father until now, which is the 10th year after my -accession, armies have always been employed. He by degrees was -defeated, and, falling into a wretched state, a part of his band was -dispersed and a part killed. He took refuge for some time in -Chark͟h, which was a place on which he relied, but K͟hān -Daurān surrounded it and closed the road for entry and exit. When -there remained no grass for his beasts or means of living for men in -the fortress, he at night brought down his animals from the hills and -grazed them on the skirts, and accompanied them himself, in order that -he might set an example to his men. At last this <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb312" href="#pb312" name= -"pb312">312</a>]</span>intelligence reached K͟hān -Daurān. He then appointed a body of his leaders and experienced -men to go into ambush on an appointed night in the neighbourhood of -Chark͟h. That band went and hid itself at night in places of -refuge, and K͟hān Daurān rode on the same day in that -direction. When those ill-fated ones brought out their cattle and let -them loose to graze, and the ill-conditioned Aḥdād himself -passed by the places of ambush with his own band, suddenly a dust rose -in front of him. When they enquired it became known that it was -K͟hān Daurān. In a state of bewilderment he endeavoured -to turn back, and the scouts announced to the aforesaid K͟hān -that it was Aḥdād. The K͟hān gave his horse the -reins and went at Aḥdād; the men who were in ambush also -blocked the road and attacked him. The fight lasted till midday in -consequence of the broken nature of the ground and the thickness of the -jungle; at last defeat fell on the Afghans and they betook themselves -to the hill: about 300 fighting men went to hell and 100 were taken -prisoners. Aḥdād could not regain the stronghold and hold on -there. Necessarily he turned his face towards Qandahar. The victorious -troops entering Chark͟h, burnt all the places and houses of those -ill-fortuned ones, and destroyed and rooted them up from their -foundations.</p> -<p class="par">Another<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6798src" href= -"#xd24e6798" name="xd24e6798src">39</a> piece of news was the defeat of -the ill-starred ʿAmbar and the destruction of his unfortunate -army. Briefly, a band of the influential leaders and a body of -Bargīs (Mahrattas), who are a hardy lot and who are the centre of -resistance in that country, becoming angry with ʿAmbar, showed an -intention to be loyal, and begging for quarter from -S͟hāh-nawāz K͟hān, who was in -Bālāpūr with an army of royal troops, agreed to -interview the said K͟hān, and being satisfied, Ādam -K͟hān, Yāqūt K͟hān, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb313" href="#pb313" name="pb313">313</a>]</span>and -other leaders, and the Bargīs Jādo<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6803src" href="#xd24e6803" name="xd24e6803src">40</a> Rāy -and Bāpū Kāṭiyā, came and interviewed him. -S͟hāh-nawāz K͟hān gave each of them a horse, -an elephant, money, and dress of honour, according to their quality and -condition, made them hot in duty and loyalty, and marching from Balapur -started against the rebel ʿAmbar in their company. On the road -they fell in with an army of the Dakhanis, whose leaders were -Maḥalldār,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6806src" href= -"#xd24e6806" name="xd24e6806src">41</a> Dānis͟h -(Ātas͟h?), Dilāwar, Bijlī, Fīrūz, and -others, and routed it.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“With broken arms and loosened loins,</p> -<p class="line">No strength in their feet, no sense in their -heads.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6815src" href="#xd24e6815" -name="xd24e6815src">42</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">They reached the camp of that ill-starred one, and -he from excessive pride determined to fight with the victorious troops. -Having collected those rebels who were with him and ʿĀdil -K͟hān’s army and that of Qut̤bu-l-mulk together, -and preparing their artillery, he started to meet the royal troops -until a space of not more than 5 or 6 kos remained between. On Sunday, -the 25th Bahman, the armies of light and darkness approached each other -and the scouts became visible. Three watches of day had passed when -cannon and rocket firing began. In the end Dārāb -K͟hān, who was in command of the vanguard, with other leaders -and zealous men such as Rāja Bīr Singh Deo, Rāy Chand, -ʿAlī K͟hān the Tatar, Jahāngīr Qulī -Beg Turkmān, and other lions of the forest of bravery, drew their -swords and charged the vanguard of the enemy. Performing the dues of -manliness and bravery, they scattered this army like the -Banātu-n-naʿs͟h (‘Daughters of the Bier,’ -i.e. the Great Bear); and not stopping there they attacked <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb314" href="#pb314" name="pb314">314</a>]</span>the -enemy’s centre. Turning on the army opposed to them, such a -hand-to-hand struggle took place that the onlookers remained -bewildered. For nearly two gharis this combat went on. Heaps of the -dead lay there, and the ill-starred ʿAmbar, unable to offer -further opposition, turned his face to flight. If darkness<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e6841src" href="#xd24e6841" name= -"xd24e6841src">43</a> and gloom had not come on at the cry of those -black-fortuned ones, not one of them would have found the road to the -valley of safety. The crocodiles of the river of conflict followed the -fugitives for 2 or 3 kos. When horses and men could move no more and -the defeated were scattered, they drew rein and returned to their -places. The whole of the enemy’s artillery, with 300 laden camels -that carried rockets, war elephants, Arab and Persian horses, weapons -and armour beyond reckoning, fell into the hands of the servants of the -State, and there was no counting the slain and the fallen. A great many -of the leaders fell alive into their hands. The next day the victorious -troops, marching from the place of victory, proceeded to Karkī, -which was the nest of those owlish ones, and seeing no trace of them -they encamped there, and obtained news that they during that night and -day had fallen miserably in different places. For some days the -victorious army, delayed at Karkī, levelled with the dark earth -the buildings and houses of the enemy, and burnt that populous place. -In consequence of the occurrence of certain events, to describe which -in detail would take too long here, they returned from that place and -descended by the Rohan Khanḍa Pass. In reward for this service I -ordered increases to be made in the mansabs of a number who had shown -zeal and bravery.</p> -<p class="par">The third piece of news was the conquest of the province -of Khokharā<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6846src" href="#xd24e6846" -name="xd24e6846src">44</a> and the acquisition of the diamond -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb315" href="#pb315" name= -"pb315">315</a>]</span>mines, which were taken by the excellent -exertions of Ibrāhīm K͟hān. This province is one of -the dependencies of the Subah of Behar and Patna. There is a river -there from which they procure diamonds. At the season when there is -little water, there are pools and water-holes, and it has become known -by experience to those who are employed in this work that above every -water-hole in which there are diamonds, there are crowds of flying -animals of the nature of gnats, and which in the language of India they -call <i>jhīngā</i>(?).<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6854src" -href="#xd24e6854" name="xd24e6854src">45</a> Keeping the bed of the -stream in sight as far as it is accessible, they make a collection of -stones (<i>sangchīn</i>) round the water-holes. After this they -empty the water-holes with spades and shovels to the extent of a yard -or 1½ yards and dig up the area. They find among the stones and -sand large and small diamonds<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6892src" href= -"#xd24e6892" name="xd24e6892src">46</a> and bring them out. It -occasionally happens that they find a piece of diamond worth 100,000 -rupees. Briefly, this province and this river were in possession of a -Hindu Zamindar of the name of Durjan Sāl, and although the -governors of the Subah frequently sent armies against him and went -there themselves, in consequence of the difficult roads and thickness -of the jungles they contented themselves with taking two or three -diamonds and left him in his former condition. When the aforesaid Subah -was transferred from Z̤afar K͟hān, and Ibrāhīm -K͟hān was <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb316" href="#pb316" -name="pb316">316</a>]</span>appointed in his place, at the time of his -taking leave I ordered him to go and take the province out of the -possession of that unknown and insignificant individual. As soon as he -arrived in the province of Behar he assembled a force and went against -that Zamindar. According to former custom he sent some of his men with -a promise to give some diamonds and some elephants, but the -K͟hān did not agree to this and entered impetuously into the -province. Before the fellow could collect his men he found guides and -invaded it. Just when the zamindar received this news, the hills and -vales that are his abode were beleaguered. Ibrāhīm sent men -about to find him and they got hold of him in a cave with several -women, one of whom was his mother, while others were also his -father’s wives. They arrested him, and also one of his brothers. -They searched and took from them the diamonds they had with them. -Twenty-three male and female elephants also fell into -Ibrāhīm’s hands. In reward for this service the mansab -of Ibrāhīm K͟hān original and increase, was made up -to 4,000 personal and horse, and he was exalted with the title of -Fatḥ-jang. Orders were also given for an increase in the mansabs -of those who accompanied him on this service and had shown bravery. -That province is now in possession of the imperial servants of the -State. They carry on work in the bed of the stream, and bring to Court -whatever diamonds are found. A large diamond, the value of which has -been estimated at 50,000 rupees, has lately been brought from there. If -a little pains are taken, it is probable that good diamonds will be -found and be placed in the jewel-room. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb317" href="#pb317" name="pb317">317</a>]</span></p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6254" href="#xd24e6254src" name="xd24e6254">1</a></span> Should -be 18th. See Elliot, vi, 341. I.O. 181 has 20th, and this is probably -correct, <i>bīstam</i> and <i>has͟htam</i> being often -mistaken for one another by the copyists. B.M. MS. Add. 26215 has -<i>dūs͟hamba</i>, Monday, instead of <i>s͟hamba</i>, -Saturday. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6254src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6297" href="#xd24e6297src" name="xd24e6297">2</a></span> Akbar -used the word <i>parm narm</i>, ‘very soft,’ as a -substitute for ‘shawl’ (Blochmann, p. 90). <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e6297src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6309" href="#xd24e6309src" name="xd24e6309">3</a></span> -According to Gladwin, 96 tanks = one sir. Four mashas make a tank, and -a masha is about 18 grains troy. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6309src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6314" href="#xd24e6314src" name="xd24e6314">4</a></span> Text -<span class="Arabic" lang="ar">كهيته -چار</span>, <i>kheta chār</i>. But the two B.M. -MSS. which I have consulted have no <i>yā</i>, and have -<i>khatta</i> or <i>ghatta chār</i>. I think that the word must be -<span lang="hi">घटा</span>, <i>ghaṭā</i>, -which in Sanskrit means a troop of elephants assembled for war. I am -not sure what the word <i>chār</i> means, but perhaps it is only -an affix. According to Abū-l-faẓl a herd of (wild) elephants -is called <i>sahn</i> (Blochmann, p. 122). <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e6314src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6364" href="#xd24e6364src" name="xd24e6364">5</a></span> <i>Panj -tuqūz</i>, i.e. 9 by 5. The text has <span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">تاقور</span>, -<i>tāqūr</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6364src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6377" href="#xd24e6377src" name="xd24e6377">6</a></span> The B.M. -MSS. seem to have <i>panch kunjar</i>, ‘five elephants,’ -i.e. equal to five elephants(?). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6377src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"n300.1" href="#n300.1src" name="n300.1">7</a></span> In Sarkār -Delhi (Jarrett, ii, 287). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#n300.1src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6409" href="#xd24e6409src" name="xd24e6409">8</a></span> The text -does not expressly say that the dervish foretold two years before his -death the period of his death, but apparently Jahāngīr means -this, for he goes on to speak of the time mentioned for his delivery. -See also Iqbāl-nāma, p. 81, where the dervish is called -Ḥāfiz̤, and where it is added that the whole population -of Srinagar followed the bier. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6409src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6412" href="#xd24e6412src" name="xd24e6412">9</a></span> Lit. -give it, for the Koran cannot be directly sold. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e6412src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6422" href="#xd24e6422src" name="xd24e6422">10</a></span> Text -<i>pisar</i>, ‘son of Buland Rāy.’ but from the B.M. -MSS. it appears that <i>pisar</i> is a mistake for Sar. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e6422src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6447" href="#xd24e6447src" name="xd24e6447">11</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 387. Possibly he was the part author of a translation of -Bābar’s Commentaries. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6447src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6452" href="#xd24e6452src" name="xd24e6452">12</a></span> The -name is wrong. The Iqbāl-nāma, p. 84, has Ras͟ht -(Ras͟hd), which is a well-known town on the -Caspian. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6452src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6458" href="#xd24e6458src" name="xd24e6458">13</a></span> -According to the Iqbāl-nāma the true reading is sanjakī -(see p. 84). But Olearius, who gives a full account of the murder (p. -352 of English translation, ed. 1662), says Bihbūd gave him two -stabs with a <i>chentze</i>, which is a kind of poniard. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e6458src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6469" href="#xd24e6469src" name="xd24e6469">14</a></span> A -Persian festival in memory of a rain which fell on the 13th Tīr -and put an end to a famine (Bahār-i-ʿajam). <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e6469src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6477" href="#xd24e6477src" name="xd24e6477">15</a></span> -Sangrām was Raja of Khurkpur in Behar, and was killed in battle -with Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān (Blochmann, p. 446, -note). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6477src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6480" href="#xd24e6480src" name="xd24e6480">16</a></span> -<i>S͟hakwāʾi-ṣāḥib-i-Sūba.</i> I -presume it means a complaint against the governor, and perhaps one made -by Kes͟ho. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6480src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6497" href="#xd24e6497src" name="xd24e6497">17</a></span> The -pearls are omitted in the MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6497src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6504" href="#xd24e6504src" name="xd24e6504">18</a></span> It is -<i>phūl</i> in MS. No. 181. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6504src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6510" href="#xd24e6510src" name="xd24e6510">19</a></span> -<i>Tak͟htī</i>, qu. a signet? No. 181 has a <i>lāl -tak͟htī</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6510src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6526" href="#xd24e6526src" name="xd24e6526">20</a></span> Sir -Thomas Roe’s friend. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6526src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6541" href="#xd24e6541src" name="xd24e6541">21</a></span> Text -wrongly has 3 instead of 30. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6541src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6559" href="#xd24e6559src" name="xd24e6559">22</a></span> -Apparently because born in Lahore (see Blochmann, p. -500). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6559src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6564" href="#xd24e6564src" name="xd24e6564">23</a></span> -According to I.O. MS. 181 every zamindar took some money from Chīn -Qilīj and sent him out of his estate, and this seems to be the -probable meaning, for we are told later on that the zamindars plundered -Chīn Qilīj. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6564src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6567" href="#xd24e6567src" name="xd24e6567">24</a></span> Tirhut. -R.A.S. MS. has “It chanced that the zamindar of this place was -with Jahāngīr Qulī, and the latter sent him with some -people to seize Chīn Qilīj.” I.O. MS. has the same, and -this seems correct. The text has “It chanced that the zamindar of -that place was spending some days in that neighbourhood(?).” -Perhaps a negative has been omitted before ‘spending.’ I.O. -MS. seems to have Johirhat as the name of the zamindar’s -estate. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6567src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6573" href="#xd24e6573src" name="xd24e6573">25</a></span> -Apparently the verse is quoted with reference to Jahāngīr -Qulī’s failure to exact retribution from the zamindars, -There is an account of Chīn Qilīj in the -Maʾās̤ir, iii, 351. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6573src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6581" href="#xd24e6581src" name="xd24e6581">26</a></span> -<i>Gūnṭh</i>, a breed of small horses or -ponies. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6581src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6592" href="#xd24e6592src" name="xd24e6592">27</a></span> A -<i>farjī</i> is a coat (see Blochmann, p. 89). <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e6592src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6614" href="#xd24e6614src" name="xd24e6614">28</a></span> Text -<i>īn rubāʿī</i>, ‘this quatrain,’ -which does not seem to make sense. Perhaps <i>īn</i> here should -be <i>āyīn-i-rubāʿī</i>, ‘the rules or -the custom of a quatrain.’ Similarly, <i>īn kitābat</i> -five lines down may be <i>āyīn-i-kitābat</i>, ‘the -rules of writing.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6614src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6648" href="#xd24e6648src" name="xd24e6648">29</a></span> His -father was K͟halīlu-llah, previously mentioned in the -Tūzuk, and who had lately died (Iqbāl-nāma, p, 84, and -Tūzuk, pp. 62 and 69). T̤ahmāsp gave -Niʿmatu-llah’s daughter in marriage to his own son -Ismaʿīl. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6648src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6651" href="#xd24e6651src" name="xd24e6651">30</a></span> -K͟hānis͟h K͟hānim in Maʾās̤ir, -iii, 339. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6651src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6654" href="#xd24e6654src" name="xd24e6654">31</a></span> -<i>Ishāl-i-kabd.</i> <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6654src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6677" href="#xd24e6677src" name="xd24e6677">32</a></span> Two -I.O. MSS. and the R.A.S. MS. have 18 instead of 15. Elliot has -“up to my fourteenth” year. Jahāngīr was born in -Rabīʿ, 977, or 31st August, 1569, and the beginning of -wine-drinking to which he refers must have taken place at earliest in -January, 1586. He tells us that it was after the death of -Muḥammad Ḥakīm, and at the time when his father was at -Attock. Now Akbar arrived there on 15th Muḥarram, 994, according -to Niz̤āmu-d-dīn, and on 12th Day, 994, according to -Abū-l-faẓl, iii, 976, i.e. about the end of December, 1585, -and at that time Jahāngīr was 17 years and 4 months of age, -or in his 18th year. He continued to drink heavily for nine years, i.e. -till he was 26 (17 + 9), then he moderated for seven years, i.e. till -he was 33, and he kept to that for fifteen years more, i.e. till he was -48. These years were lunar years, and he tells that at the time of -writing he was 47 years and 9 months old, according to the lunar -calendar. It seems to follow that the MSS. are right, and that we -should read 18. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6677src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6680" href="#xd24e6680src" name="xd24e6680">33</a></span> Elliot, -vi, 341. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6680src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6688" href="#xd24e6688src" name="xd24e6688">34</a></span> The two -good I.O. MSS. have, not <i>murg͟h</i> or -<i>murg͟hī</i>, but <i>tughdarī</i> or -<i>tūg͟hdarī</i>, a ‘bustard,’ unless indeed -the word be <i>tag͟haddī</i>, ‘breakfast.’ But -probably the word is <i>tughdarī</i>, a bustard, and the reference -is to the particular memorable day when he first drank wine. His food -that day, he says, was a bustard with bread and a radish -(<i>turb</i>). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6688src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6714" href="#xd24e6714src" name="xd24e6714">35</a></span> -Blochmann. <i>Calcutta Review</i>, 1869, has -‘turnips.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6714src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6723" href="#xd24e6723src" name="xd24e6723">36</a></span> -<i>Filūnīyā.</i> The word is not given in ordinary -dictionaries, but it is explained in Dozy’s Supplement. It is -stated there that it is a sedative electuary, and that the word is -derived from the Greek, being <span class="trans" title= -"philōnia"><span class="Greek" lang= -"grc">φιλωνια</span></span>, which -is the name of an antidote or drug invented by Philon of Tarsus. There -is an account of Philon and a reference to his drug in Smith’s -Classical Dictionary. Philon lived in or before the first century after -Christ, and is referred to by Galen and others. The word as given there -is <span class="trans" title="philōneion"><span class="Greek" -lang="grc">φιλωνειον</span></span>. -We are not told what it was made of. In Price’s -Jahāngīr, filuniya, misread there as Kelourica, is described -by Jahāngīr as brother’s son to <i>tiryāq</i>, -i.e. theriaca (see Price, p. 6). <i>Tiryāk</i> or -<i>t̤iryāq</i> is supposed to be a Greek word (see Lane), and -means an antidote against poison, etc. It is so used in the verse from -Avicenna quoted by Jahāngīr to his son S͟hāh -Jahān. See D’Herbelot, s.v. <i>Teriak</i>. But it is also -often used apparently as a synonym for opium. The mixing of wine with -spirits was intended to dilute the potation, for hitherto -Jahāngīr had been taking raw spirit. A -<i>mis̤qāl</i> is said to be 63½ grains troy, and so -18 misqals would be about 3 ounces, and the six cups would be about -1½ lb. troy. In Elliot, Jahāngīr is made to say that -he does not drink on Thursdays and Fridays. But the -<i>s͟hab-i-jumʿa</i>, as Blochmann has pointed out elsewhere, -Āyīn translation, p. 171, n. 3, means Thursday night or -Friday eve, and this is clearly the case here, for Jahāngīr -speaks of the eve’s being followed by a blessed day. It should be -noted that there is no connection in Jahāngīr’s mind -between abstaining from wine and abstaining from meat. He did not eat -meat on Thursdays or Sundays because he did not approve of taking life -on these days, but he drank on both of them. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e6723src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6769" href="#xd24e6769src" name="xd24e6769">37</a></span> Cf. -Blochmann’s translation and <i>Calcutta Review</i> for -1869. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6769src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6775" href="#xd24e6775src" name="xd24e6775">38</a></span> I -understand the two exceptions (<i>dū chīz</i>) to be that on -Thursdays he drank in the daytime, contrary to the general rule of only -drinking at night, and that on Thursday evenings he did not -drink. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6775src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6798" href="#xd24e6798src" name="xd24e6798">39</a></span> Elliot, -vi, 343. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e6798src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6803" href="#xd24e6803src" name="xd24e6803">40</a></span> The -MSS. have Jādūn Rāy and Bābā Chokanth -(Jīū Kanth?). The Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, ii, -646, has Mālūjī Kāntiya. The text has -Bābū Kāntiya. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6803src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6806" href="#xd24e6806src" name="xd24e6806">41</a></span> The -text is corrupt. The Maʾās̤ir, id., has Ātas͟h -instead of Dānis͟h. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6806src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6815" href="#xd24e6815src" name="xd24e6815">42</a></span> The -text is corrupt. In the second line of the verse the text has -<i>guft</i>, which seems meaningless, and two I.O. MSS. and B.M. MS. -Add. 26,215 have <i>jang</i>, ‘battle.’ The R.A.S. -MS<span class="corr" id="xd24e6823" title="Not in source">.</span> has -<i>pāy</i>, ‘feet,’ which seems to me the best -reading. Possibly <i>guft</i> should be read <i>kift</i>, -‘shoulder.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6815src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6841" href="#xd24e6841src" name="xd24e6841">43</a></span> It will -be remembered that Jahāngīr has called ʿAmbar’s -army the army of darkness, alluding perhaps to ʿAmbar’s -being an Abyssinian. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6841src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6846" href="#xd24e6846src" name="xd24e6846">44</a></span> Elliot, -vi, and Blochmann, p. 479, n. 3. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6846src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6854" href="#xd24e6854src" name="xd24e6854">45</a></span> Perhaps -it should be <i>phangā</i> or <i>feringha</i>, a grasshopper, or -it may be <i>jhīngur</i>, a cockroach. Presumably the country was -covered with thick jungle, and the cloud of insects indicated where -water was. Erskine’s MS. has <i>chika</i>. B.M. Or. 3276 has -<i>chika</i> or <i>jika</i>. Possibly the word is <i>jhīngur</i>, -a cockroach (see Blochmann in J.A.S.B. for 1871, vol. xl). He quotes a -Hindustani Dict., which says that the <i>jhīngā</i> is what -in Arabic is called the <i>jarādu-l-baḥr</i> or -water-locust. The river referred to by Jahāngīr is the Sankh -of I.G., xii, 222. V. Ball, Proc. A.S.B. for 1881, p. 42, suggests that -the <i>jhīngā</i> may be thunder-stones! <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e6854src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6892" href="#xd24e6892src" name="xd24e6892">46</a></span> Compare -Tavernier’s account of the searching for diamonds in Sambhalpur -(vol. ii, p. 311, of ed. of 1676). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6892src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="yr11" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e780">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">The Eleventh New Year’s Feast after the -auspicious Accession.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Fifteen gharis of day had passed on Sunday, the -last day of Isfandārmuẕ, corresponding with the 1st -Rabīʿu-l-awwal (19th March, 1616), when from the mansion of -Pisces the sun cast the ray of prosperity on the palace of Aries. At -this auspicious hour, having performed the dues of service and -supplication at the throne of Almighty God, I ascended the throne of -State in the public audience hall, the area of which was laid out with -tents and canopies (<i>s͟hāmiyānahā</i>), and its -sides adorned with European screens, painted gold brocades, and rare -cloths. The princes, Amirs, the chief courtiers, the ministers of -State, and all the servants of the Court performed their congratulatory -salutations. As Ḥāfiz̤ Nād ʿAlī, -<i>gūyanda</i> (singer), was one of the ancient servants, I -ordered that whatever offerings were made on the Monday by anyone in -the shape of cash or goods should be given to him by way of reward. On -the 2nd day (of Farwardīn) the offerings of some of the -employés were laid before me. On the 4th day the offering of -K͟hwāja Jahān, who had sent them from Agra, and which -consisted of several diamonds and pearls, of jewelled things, cloth -stuffs of all kinds, and an elephant, worth altogether 50,000 rupees, -was brought before me. On the 5th day, Kunwar Karan, who had been given -leave to go to his home, returned and waited on me. He presented as -offering 100 muhrs, 1,000 rupees, an elephant with fittings, and four -horses. To the mansab of Āṣaf K͟hān, which was -4,000 personal and 2,000 horse, I on the 7th made an addition of 1,000 -personal and 2,000 horse, and honoured him with drums and a standard. -On this day the offering of Mīr Jamālu-d-dīn -Ḥusain was laid before me; what he offered was approved and -accepted. Among the things was a jewelled dagger which had <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb318" href="#pb318" name="pb318">318</a>]</span>been -made under his superintendence.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6912src" -href="#xd24e6912" name="xd24e6912src">1</a> On its hilt was a yellow -ruby<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6921src" href="#xd24e6921" name= -"xd24e6921src">2</a> (<i>yāqūt-i-zard</i>), exceeding clear -and bright, in size equal to half a hen’s egg. I had never before -seen so large and beautiful a yellow ruby. Along with it were other -rubies of approved colour and old emeralds. Brokers -(<i>muqīmān</i>) valued it (the dagger) at 50,000 rupees. I -increased the mansab of the said Mīr by 1,000 horse, which brought -it to 5,000 personal and 3,500 horse. On the 8th I increased the mansab -of Sādiq Ḥāẕiq by 300 personal and horse, and -that of Irādat K͟hān by 300 personal and 200 horse, so -as to raise each to 1,000 personal and 500 horse. On the 9th the -offering of K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan was laid before -me; of jewelled ornaments and cloth stuffs, what was of the value of -40,000 rupees was accepted, and the remainder I made a present to him. -The offering of Tātār K͟hān Bakāwul-begī, -consisting of one ruby (<i>laʿl</i>), one <i>yāqūt</i>, -a jewelled <i>tak͟htī</i> (signet?), two rings, and some -cloths, was accepted. On the 10th three elephants which Rāja -Mahā Singh sent from the Deccan, and 100 and odd pieces of gold -brocade, etc., which Murtaẓā K͟hān sent from -Lahore, were laid before me. On this date Dayānat K͟hān -presented his offering of two pearl rosaries, two rubies, six large -pearls, and one gold tray, to the value of 28,000 rupees. At the end of -Thursday, the 11th, I went to the house of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah -in order to add to his dignity. He then presented me with his offering, -and I examined it in detail. Much of it was exceedingly rare. Of jewels -there were two pearls worth 30,000 rupees, one <i>qut̤bī</i> -ruby which had been purchased for 22,000 rupees, with other pearls and -rubies. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb319" href="#pb319" name= -"pb319">319</a>]</span>Altogether the value was 110,000 rupees. These -had the honour of acceptance, and of cloth, etc., the value of 15,000 -rupees was taken. When I had finished inspecting the offering I passed -nearly one watch of the night in conviviality and enjoyment. I ordered -that cups (of wine) should be given to the Amirs and servants. The -ladies of the <i>maḥall</i> (harem) were also with me, and a -pleasant assembly was held. After the festive assembly was over I -begged Iʿtimādu-d-daulah to excuse me, and went to the hall -of audience. On the same day I ordered Nūr-maḥall Begam to -be called Nūr-Jahān Begam. On the 12th the offering of -Iʿtibār K͟hān was laid before me. They had made a -vessel (<i>z̤arf</i>) in the form of a fish, jewelled with -beautiful gems, exceedingly well shaped and calculated to hold my -allowance.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6952src" href="#xd24e6952" name= -"xd24e6952src">3</a> This, with other jewels and jewelled things and -cloth stuffs, the value of which was worth 56,000 rupees, I accepted -and gave back the rest. Bahādur K͟hān, governor of -Qandahar, had sent seven Iraq horses and nine <i>tuqūz</i> (81?) -of cloth stuffs. The offerings of Irādat K͟hān and -Rāja Sūraj Mal, son of Rāja Bāso, were laid before -me on the 13th. ʿAbdu-s-Subḥān, who held a mansab of -1,200 personal and 600 horse, was promoted to 1,500 personal and 700 -horse. On the 15th the Subahdarship of the province of Thatha was -transferred from S͟hams͟hīr K͟hān Ūzbeg -to Muz̤affar K͟hān. On the 16th the offering of -Iʿtiqād K͟hān, son of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, -was laid before me. Of this the equivalent of 32,000 rupees was taken, -and I gave back the rest to him. On the 17th the offering of Tarbiyat -K͟hān was inspected. Of jewels and cloth what was valued at -17,000 rupees was approved. On the 18th I went to the house of -Āṣaf K͟hān, and his offering was presented to me -there. From the palace <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb320" href= -"#pb320" name="pb320">320</a>]</span>to his house was a distance of -about a kos. For half the distance he had laid down under foot velvet -woven with gold and gold brocade and plain velvet, such that its value -was represented to me as 10,000 rupees. I passed that day until -midnight at his house with the ladies. The offerings he had prepared -were laid before me in detail. Jewels, jewelled ornaments, and things -of gold and beautiful cloth stuffs, things of the value of 114,000 -rupees, four horses, and one camel were approved of. On the 19th -(Farwardīn), which was the day of honour -(<i>rūz-i-s͟haraf</i>) of the sun, a grand assembly was held -in the palace. In order to observe the auspicious hour, when 2½ -gharis of day were left of the aforesaid day, I seated myself on the -throne. My son Bābā K͟hurram at this blessed hour laid -before me a ruby of the purest water and brilliancy, which they -pronounced to be of the value of 80,000 rupees. I fixed his mansab, -which was 15,000 personal and 8,000 horse, at 20,000 personal and -10,000 horse. On the same day my lunar weighing took place. I increased -the mansab of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, which was 6,000 personal and -3,000 horse, to 7,000 personal and 5,000 horse, and bestowed on him a -<i>tūmān tūg͟h</i> (horse-tail standard), and -ordered his drums to be beaten after those of my son K͟hurram. I -increased the mansab of Tarbiyat K͟hān by 500 personal and -horse, so as to bring it to 3,500 personal and 1,500 horse. The mansab -of Iʿtiqād K͟hān was increased by 1,000 personal -and 400 horse. Niz̤āmu-d-dīn K͟hān was -promoted to 700 personal and 300 horse, and appointed to the Subah of -Behar. Salāmu-llah, the Arab, was honoured with the title of -S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, and, being dignified with a -necklace of pearls, became one of the royal<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6970src" href="#xd24e6970" name="xd24e6970src">4</a> servants. I -promoted Mīr Jamālu-d-dīn Injū to the title of -ʿAẓudu-d-daulah (Arm of the State). On the <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb321" href="#pb321" name="pb321">321</a>]</span>21st -Almighty God gave K͟husrau a son by the daughter of Muqīm, -son of Mihtar Fāẓil Rikāb-dār (stirrup-holder). To -Allah-dād, the Afghan, who, accepting my service, had separated -himself from the evil-minded Aḥdād and come to Court, I gave -20,000 darabs (10,000 rupees). On the 25th came the news of the death -of Rāy Manohar, who had been attached to the army of the Deccan. -Giving his son a mansab of 500 personal and 300 horse, I bestowed upon -him his father’s place and property. On the 26th the offering of -Nād ʿAlī Maidānī, consisting of nine horses, -several bits (? <i>dahāna kīs͟h</i><a class="noteref" -id="xd24e6979src" href="#xd24e6979" name="xd24e6979src">5</a>), and -four Persian camels (<i>wilāyatī</i>), was brought before me. -On the 28th I presented Bahādur K͟hān, governor of -Qandahar, Mīr Mīrān, son of K͟halīlu-llah, and -Sayyid Bāyazīd, governor of Bhakar, each with an elephant. On -the 1st Urdībihis͟ht, at the request of ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān, I presented drums to his brother Sardār -K͟hān. On the 3rd I gave Allah-dād K͟hān, the -Afghan, a jewelled <i>khapwa</i> (dagger). On the same day news came -that Qadam,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e6995src" href="#xd24e6995" name= -"xd24e6995src">6</a> one of the Afrīdī Afghans who had been -loyal and obedient, and to whom the <i>rāh-dārī</i> -(transit dues) of the Khaibar Pass belonged, from some slight suspicion -had withdrawn his feet from the circle of obedience and raised his head -in sedition. He had sent a force against each of the posts -(<i>thāna</i>), and wherever he and his men went, through the -carelessness of those men (in the posts), had plundered and killed many -of the people. Briefly, in consequence of the shameful action of this -senseless Afghan, a new disturbance broke out in the hill country of -Kabul. When this news arrived I ordered Hārūn, brother of -Qadam, and Jalāl, his son, who were at Court, to be apprehended -and handed over to Āṣaf K͟hān to be imprisoned in -the fort of Gwalior. By the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb322" href= -"#pb322" name="pb322">322</a>]</span>manifestation of the Divine mercy -and kindness and the signs of God’s favour, an affair took place -at this time which is not devoid of strangeness. After the victory over -the Rānā my son presented me in Ajmir with an exceedingly -beautiful and clear ruby, valued at 60,000 rupees. It occurred to me -that I ought to bind this ruby on my own arm. I much wanted two rare -pearls of good water of one form to be a fit match for this kind of -ruby. Muqarrab K͟hān had procured one grand pearl of the -value of 20,000 rupees, and given it to me as a New Year’s -offering. It occurred to me that if I could procure a pair to it they -would make a perfect bracelet. K͟hurram, who from his childhood -had had the honour of waiting on my revered father, and remained in -attendance on him day and night, represented to me that he had seen a -pearl in an old turban (<i>sar-band</i>) of a weight and shape equal to -this pearl. They produced an old <i>sar-pīch</i> (worn on the -turban), containing a royal pearl of the same quality, weight, and -shape, not differing in weight even by a trifle, so much so that the -jewellers were astonished at the matter. It agreed in value, shape, -lustre, and brilliance; one might say they had been shed from the same -mould. Placing the two pearls alongside of the ruby, I bound them on my -arm, and placing my head on the ground of supplication and humility, I -returned thanks to the Lord that cherished His slave, and made my -tongue utter His praise—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Who succeeds with hand and tongue?</p> -<p class="line">He who performs the dues of thanks.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">On the 5th (Urdībihis͟ht) 30 Iraq and -Turki horses that Murtazā K͟hān had sent from Lahore -were brought before me, as also 63 horses, 15 camels, male and female, -a bundle of crane’s (<i>kulang</i>) plumes, 9 -<i>ʿāqirī</i>(?),<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7029src" -href="#xd24e7029" name="xd24e7029src">7</a> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb323" href="#pb323" name="pb323">323</a>]</span>9 -veined<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7037src" href="#xd24e7037" name= -"xd24e7037src">8</a> fish-teeth, 9 pieces of china from Tartary, 3 -guns, etc., from K͟hān Daurān, which he had sent from -Kabul, were accepted. Muqarrab K͟hān presented an offering of -a small elephant from Abyssinia which they had brought by sea in a -ship. In comparison with the elephants of Hindustan it presents some -peculiarities. Its ears are larger than the ears of the elephants of -this place, and its trunk and tail are longer. In the time of my -revered father Iʿtimād K͟hān of Cujarat sent a -young elephant<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7043src" href="#xd24e7043" -name="xd24e7043src">9</a> as an offering; by degrees it grew up and was -very fiery and bad-tempered. On the 7th a jewelled dagger was given to -Muz̤affar K͟hān, governor of Thatha. On the same day -news came that a band of Afghans<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7046src" -href="#xd24e7046" name="xd24e7046src">10</a> had attacked -ʿAbdu-s-Subḥān, brother of K͟hān -ʿĀlam, who was stationed at one of the posts, and had laid -siege to his post. ʿAbdu-s-Subḥān, with certain other -mansabdars and servants who had been appointed to go with him had -behaved valiantly. But at last, in accordance with the -saying—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“When gnats get wings they smite the -elephant,”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">those dogs overcame them, and elevated -ʿAbdu-s-Subḥān with several of the men of the post to -the dignity of martyrdom.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7054src" href= -"#xd24e7054" name="xd24e7054src">11</a> As a condolence for this affair -a gracious farman and a special dress of honour were sent to -K͟hān ʿĀlam, who had been appointed ambassador to -Iran (and was still in that country). On the 14th the offering of -Mukarram K͟hān, son of Muʿazzam K͟hān, came -from Bengal. It consisted of jewels and articles procurable in that -province, and was brought before me. I increased the mansab of some of -the jagirdars of Gujarat. Of these, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb324" href="#pb324" name="pb324">324</a>]</span>Sardār -K͟hān, whose mansab was that of 1,000 personal and 500 horse, -was raised to 1,500 personal and 300<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7059src" href="#xd24e7059" name="xd24e7059src">12</a> horse, and -had a standard given to him as well. Sayyid Qāsim, son of Sayyid -Dilāwar Bārha, was raised to an original and increased mansab -of 800 personal and 450 horse, and Yār Beg, nephew of Aḥmad -Qāsim Koka, to one of 600 personal with 250 horse. On the 17th -there came the news of the death of Razzāq of Merv, the Ūzbeg -who belonged to the army of the Deccan. He was well skilled in war, and -one of the distinguished Amirs of Māwarāʾa-n-nahr. On -the 21st, Allah-dād, the Afghan, was honoured with the title of -K͟hān, and his mansab, which was 1,000 personal and 600 -horse, was raised to 2,000 personal and 1,000 horse. Three hundred -thousand rupees out of the treasury of Lahore were ordered as a reward -and for expenses to K͟hān Daurān, who had greatly -exerted himself in the Afghan disturbance. On the 28th, Kunwar Karan -obtained leave to go home for his marriage. I conferred on him a dress -of honour, a special Iraq horse with a saddle, an elephant, and a -jewelled waist-dagger. On the 3rd of this month -(K͟hūrdād) the news of the death of Murtaẓā -K͟hān came. He was one of the ancients of this State. My -revered father had brought him up and raised him to a position of -consequence and trust. In my reign also he obtained the grace of -noteworthy service, namely the overthrow of K͟husrau. His mansab -had been raised to 6,000 personal and 5,000 horse. As he was at this -time Subahdar of the Panjab, he had undertaken the capture of -Kāngra, to which in strength no other fort in the hill country of -that province or even in the whole inhabited world can be compared. He -had obtained leave to go on this duty. I was much grieved in mind at -this news; in truth, grief at the death of such <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb325" href="#pb325" name="pb325">325</a>]</span>a -loyal follower is only reasonable. As he had died after spending his -days in loyalty, I prayed to God for pardon for him. On the 4th -K͟hūrdād the mansab of Sayyid Niz̤ām was -fixed, original and increase, at 900 personal and 650 horse. I gave -Nūru-d-dīn Qulī the post of entertainer to the -ambassadors from all parts. On the 7th news came of the death of Saif -K͟hān Bārha; he was a brave and ambitious young man. He -had exerted himself in an exemplary way in the battle with -K͟husrau. He bade farewell to this perishable world in the Deccan -through cholera (<i>haiẓa</i>). I conferred favours on his sons. -ʿAlī Muḥammad, who was the eldest and most upright of -his children, was given the mansab of 300<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7068src" href="#xd24e7068" name="xd24e7068src">13</a> personal -and 400 horse, and his (ʿAlī Muḥammad’s) brother, -by name Bahādur, that of 400 personal and 200 horse. Sayyid -ʿAlī, who was his nephew, received an increase in rank of 500 -personal and horse. On the same day K͟hūb-Allah, son of -S͟hāh-bāz K͟hān Kambū, received the title -of Ran-bāz K͟hān. On the 8th<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7074src" href="#xd24e7074" name="xd24e7074src">14</a> the mansab -of Hāshim K͟hān, original and increase, was fixed at -2,500 personal and 1,800 horse. On this date I bestowed 20,000 -<i>darabs</i> (10,000 rupees) on Allah-dād K͟hān, the -Afghan. Bikramājīt, Raja of the province of Bāndhū, -whose ancestors were considerable zamindars in Hindustan, through the -patronage of my fortunate son Bābā K͟hurram, obtained -the blessing of paying his respects to me, and his offences were -pardoned. On the 9th,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7080src" href= -"#xd24e7080" name="xd24e7080src">15</a> Kalyān of Jesalmīr, -to summon whom Rāja Kishan Dās had gone, came and waited on -me. He presented 100 muhrs and 1,000 rupees. His elder brother -Rāwal Bhīm was a person of distinction. When he died he left -a son 2 months old, and he too did not live <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb326" href="#pb326" name= -"pb326">326</a>]</span>long. In the time when I was prince I had taken -his daughter in marriage, and called her by the title of -Malika-Jahān<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7085src" href="#xd24e7085" -name="xd24e7085src">16</a> (queen of the world). As the ancestors of -this tribe had come of ancient loyal people, this alliance took place. -Having summoned the aforesaid Kalyān, who was the brother of -Rāwal Bhīm, I exalted<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7089src" -href="#xd24e7089" name="xd24e7089src">17</a> him with the -<i>tīka</i> of Rāja and the title of Rāwal. News came -that after the death of Murtaẓā K͟hān loyalty was -shown by Rāja Mān, and that, after giving encouragement to -the men of the fort of Kāngra an arrangement had been made that he -should bring to Court the son of the Raja of that country, who was 29 -years old. In consequence of his great zeal in this service, I fixed -his mansab, which was 1,000 personal and 800 horse, at 1,500 personal -and 1,000 horse. K͟hwāja Jahān was promoted from his -original and increased mansab to that of 4,000 personal and 2,500 -horse. On this date<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7095src" href= -"#xd24e7095" name="xd24e7095src">18</a> an event occurred such that, -although I was greatly desirous of writing it down, my hand and heart -have failed me. Whenever I took my pen my state became bewildered, and -I helplessly ordered Iʿtimādu-d-daulah to write it.</p> -<p class="par">“An ancient sincere slave, -Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, by order writes in this auspicious -volume<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7100src" href="#xd24e7100" name= -"xd24e7100src">19</a> that on the 11th<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7103src" href="#xd24e7103" name="xd24e7103src">20</a> -K͟hūrdād the traces of fever were seen in the pure -daughter<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7106src" href="#xd24e7106" name= -"xd24e7106src">21</a> of S͟hāh K͟hurram of lofty -fortune, for whom His Majesty showed much affection as the early fruit -of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb327" href="#pb327" name= -"pb327">327</a>]</span>the garden of auspiciousness. After three days -pustules (<i>ābila</i>) appeared, and on the 26th of the same -month, corresponding with Wednesday, the 29th Jumādā-l-awwal -(15th June, 1616), in the year 1025, the bird of her soul flew from her -elemental cage and passed into the gardens of Paradise. From this date -an order was given that Chār-s͟hamba (Wednesday) should be -called Kam-s͟hamba (or <i>Gum-s͟hamba</i>). What shall I -write as to what happened to the pure personality of the shadow of God -in consequence of this heartburning event and grief-increasing -calamity? Inasmuch as it happened after this manner to that soul of the -world, what must be the condition of those other<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7121src" href="#xd24e7121" name="xd24e7121src">22</a> servants -whose life was bound up with that pure personality? For two days the -servants were not received in audience, and an order was given that a -wall should be built in front of the house which had been the abode of -that bird of paradise, so that it might not be seen. In addition to -this he did not adorn the gate of the hall of audience (did not come -there). On the third day he went in an agitated state to the house of -the illustrious prince, and the servants had the good fortune to pay -their salutations and found fresh life. On the road, however much the -Ḥaẓrat (the Emperor) desired to control himself, the tears -flowed from the auspicious eyes, and for a long time it was so that at -the mere hearing of a word from which came a whiff of pain, the state -of the Ḥaẓrat became bewildered. He remained for some days -in the house of the prince of the inhabitants of the world, and on -Monday<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7124src" href="#xd24e7124" name= -"xd24e7124src">23</a> of Tīr, Divine month, he went to the house -of Āṣaf K͟hān, and turned back thence to the -Chas͟hma-i-Nūr, and for two or <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb328" href="#pb328" name="pb328">328</a>]</span>three days employed -himself there. But as long as he was in Ajmir he could not control -himself. Whenever the word ‘friendship’ reached his ear, -the tears would drop from his eyes unrestrained, and the hearts of his -faithful followers were torn in pieces. When the departure of the -cortège of fortune to the Subah of the Deccan took place, he -gained a little composure.”</p> -<p class="par">On this date Prithī Chand, son of Rāy Manohar, -obtained the title of Ray and the mansab of 500 personal and 400 horse, -and a jagir in his native place. On Saturday, the 11th, I went from the -Chas͟hma-i-Nūr to the palace at Ajmir. On the eve of Sunday, -the 12th, after 37 seconds had passed, at the time of the ascension of -Sagittarius to the 27th degree, by the calculations of the Hindu -astronomers, and the 15th degree of Capricorn, by the calculations of -the Greeks, there came from the womb of the daughter of Āṣaf -K͟hān (wife of K͟hurram) a precious pearl into the world -of being. With joy and gladness at this great boon the drums beat -loudly, and the door of pleasure and enjoyment was opened in the face -of the people. Without delay or reflection the name of S͟hāh -S͟hajāʿat came to my tongue. I hope that his coming will -be auspicious and blessed to me and to his father. On the 12th a -jewelled dagger<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7131src" href="#xd24e7131" -name="xd24e7131src">24</a> and an elephant were bestowed on Rāwal -Kalyān of Jesalmīr. On the same day arrived the news of the -death of K͟hawāṣṣ K͟hān, whose jagir -was in the Sarkar of Qanauj. I gave an elephant to Rāy Kunwar, -Diwan of Gujarat. On the 22nd of the same month (Tīr) I added 500 -personal and horse to the mansab of Rāja Mahā Singh, so as to -make it one of 4,000 personal and 3,000 horse. The mansab of -ʿAlī K͟hān Tatārī, who before this had -been exalted with the title of Nuṣrat K͟hān, was fixed -at 2,000 personal and 500 horse, and <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb329" href="#pb329" name="pb329">329</a>]</span>a standard was also -conferred on him. With a view to the accomplishment of certain -purposes, I had made a vow that they should place a gold railing with -lattice-work at<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7136src" href="#xd24e7136" -name="xd24e7136src">25</a> the enlightened tomb of the revered -K͟hwāja. On the 27th of this month it was completed, and I -ordered them to take and affix it. It had been made at a cost of -110,000 rupees. As the command and leading of the victorious army of -the Deccan had not been carried out to my satisfaction by my son -Sult̤ān Parwīz, it occurred to me to recall him, and -send Bābā K͟hurram as the advanced guard of the -victorious army, inasmuch as the signs of rectitude and knowledge of -affairs were evident in him, and that I myself would follow him, so -that this important matter would be carried through in one and the same -campaign. With this object a farman had already been sent in the name -of Parwīz ordering him to start for the Subah of Allahabad, which -is in the centre of my dominions. Whilst I was engaged in the campaign, -he would be entrusted with the guarding and administration of that -region. On the 29th of the same month a letter came from -Bihārī Dās, the news-writer of Burhānpūr, that -the prince on the 20th had left the city safely and well and gone -towards the aforesaid Subah. On the 1st Amurdād I bestowed a -jewelled turban on Mīrzā Rāja Bhāo Singh. An -elephant was conferred on the shrine of Kus͟htīgīr. On -the 18th, Las͟hkar K͟hān had sent four ambling -(<i>rāhwār</i>) horses, and they were brought before me. -Mīr Mughal was appointed to the faujdārship of the Sarkar of -Sambal in the place of Sayyid ʿAbdu-l-Wāris̤, who had -obtained the governorship of the Subah of Qanauj in the place of -K͟hawāṣṣ K͟hān. His mansab, in view of -that duty, was fixed at 500 personal and horse. On the 21st the -offering of Rāwal Kalyān of Jesalmīr was laid before -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb330" href="#pb330" name= -"pb330">330</a>]</span>me; it was 3,000 muhrs, 9 horses, 25 camels, and -1 elephant. The mansab of Qizil-bās͟h K͟hān was -fixed original and increase, at 1,200 personal and 1,000 horse. On the -23rd, S͟hajāʿat K͟hān obtained leave to go to -his jagir that he might arrange the affairs of his servants and his -territory, and present himself at the time agreed upon. In this -year,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7148src" href="#xd24e7148" name= -"xd24e7148src">26</a> or rather in the 10th year after my accession, a -great pestilence appeared in some places in Hindustan. The commencement -of this calamity was in the parganahs of the Panjab, and by degrees the -contagion spread to the city of Lahore. Many of the people, Musulmans -and Hindus, died through this. After this it spread to Sirhind and the -Dūʾāb, until it reached Delhi and the surrounding -parganahs and villages, and desolated them. At this day it had greatly -diminished. It became known from men of great age and from old -histories that this disease had never shown itself in this -country<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7151src" href="#xd24e7151" name= -"xd24e7151src">27</a> (before). Physicians and learned men were -questioned as to its cause. Some said that it came because there had -been drought for two years in succession and little rain fell: others -said it was on account of the corruption of the air which occurred -through the drought and scarcity. Some attributed it to other causes. -Wisdom is of Allah, and we must submit to Allah’s decrees!</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“What does a slave who bows not his neck to the -order?”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">On 5th S͟hahrīwar 5,000 rupees towards -her expenses were sent to the mother of Mīr Mīrān, the -daughter of S͟hāh Ismaʿīl II, by merchants who were -proceeding to the province of Iraq. On the 6th a letter came from -ʿĀbid K͟hān,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7162src" -href="#xd24e7162" name="xd24e7162src">28</a> bakhshi and news-writer of -Ahmadabad, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb331" href="#pb331" name= -"pb331">331</a>]</span>to the purport that ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān Bahādur Fīrūz-jang had quarrelled with -him because he had recorded among (current) events certain affairs that -had been unpleasing to him, and had sent a body of men against him, and -had insulted him by carrying him away to his house, and had done this -and that to him. This matter appeared serious to me, and I was desirous -at once to cast him out of favour and ruin him. At last it occurred to -me to send Dayānat K͟hān to Ahmadabad to enquire into -this matter on the spot from disinterested people to see if it had -actually occurred and if so, to bring ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān -with him to the Court, leaving the charge and administration of -Ahmadabad to Sardār K͟hān, his brother. Before -Dayānat K͟hān started, the news reached -Fīrūz-jang, and he in a state of great perturbation confessed -himself an offender and started for the Court on foot. Dayānat -K͟hān met him on the road, and seeing him in a strange -condition, as he had wounded his feet with walking, he put him on -horseback, and taking him with him came to wait on me. Muqarrab -K͟hān, who is one of the old servants of the Court, from the -time when I was a prince had continually wanted the Subah of Gujarat. -It thus occurred to me that, as this kind of action on the part of -ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān had come about, I might fulfil the hope -of an ancient servant and send him to Ahmadabad in the place of the -aforesaid K͟hān. A fortunate hour was chosen in these days, -and I appointed him to be ruler of the Subah. On the 10th the mansab of -Bahādur K͟hān, governor of Qandahar, which was 4,000 -personal and 3,000 horse, was increased by 500 personal.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hauqī, the mandolin player, is the wonder of -the age. He also sings Hindi and Persian songs in a manner that clears -the rust from all hearts. I delighted him with the title of Ānand -K͟hān: Ānand in the Hindi language means pleasure and -ease. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb332" href="#pb332" name= -"pb332">332</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Mangoes<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7173src" href= -"#xd24e7173" name="xd24e7173src">29</a> used not to be in season in the -country of Hindustan after the month of Tīr (June–July), -(but) Muqarrab K͟hān had established gardens in the parganah -of Kairāna,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7188src" href="#xd24e7188" -name="xd24e7188src">30</a> which is the native place of his ancestors, -and looked after the mangoes there in such a manner as to prolong the -season for more than two months, and sent them every day fresh into the -special fruit store-house. As this was altogether an unusual thing to -be accomplished, it has been recorded here. On the 8th a beautiful Iraq -horse of the name of Laʿl Bī-bahā (priceless ruby) was -sent for Parwīz by the hand of S͟harīf, one of his -attendants.</p> -<p class="par">I had ordered quick-handed stone-cutters to carve -full-sized figures of the Rānā and his son Karan out of -marble. On this day they were completed and submitted to me. I ordered -them to be taken to Agra and placed in the garden<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7193src" href="#xd24e7193" name="xd24e7193src">31</a> below the -<i>jharoka</i> (exhibition-window). On the 26th the meeting for my -solar weighing was held in the usual manner. The first weight came to -6,514 <i>tūlcha</i> of gold. I was weighed twelve times against -different things; the second weighing was against quicksilver, the -third against silk, the fourth against various perfumes, such as -ambergris and musk, down to sandalwood, <i>ʿūd</i>, -<i>bān</i>, and so on, until twelve weighings were completed. Of -animals, according to the number of <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb333" href="#pb333" name="pb333">333</a>]</span>years that I had -passed, a sheep, a goat,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7214src" href= -"#xd24e7214" name="xd24e7214src">32</a> and a fowl (for each year) were -given to fakirs and dervishes. This rule has been observed from the -time of my revered father up to the present day in this enduring State. -They divide after the weighing all these things among the fakirs and -those in need to the value of about 100,000 rupees.</p> -<p class="par">This day a ruby which Mahābat K͟hān had -purchased at Burhanpur for 65,000 rupees from ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān Fīrūz-jang was laid before me, and was -approved of. It is a ruby of beautiful form. The special mansab of -K͟hān Aʿz̤am was fixed at 7,000 personal, and an -order was passed that the diwani establishment should pay an equivalent -to that in a <i>tank͟hwāh jāgīr</i>. At the request -of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, what had been deducted from the mansab -of Dayānat on account of former proceedings was allowed to remain -as before. ʿAẓudu-d-daulah, who had obtained the Subah of -Malwa in jagir, took his leave, and was dignified with the gift of a -horse and a dress of honour. The mansab of Rāwal Kalyān of -Jesalmir was fixed at 2,000 personal and 1,000 horse, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb334" href="#pb334" name="pb334">334</a>]</span>and -it was ordered that that province (Jesalmir) should be given him as -tankhwah. As the (auspicious) hour of his departure was on that same -day, he took leave to depart for his province well pleased and exalted -with the gift of a horse, an elephant, a jewelled sword, a jewelled -<i>khapwa</i> (dagger), a robe of honour, and a special Kashmir shawl. -On the 31st Muqarrab K͟hān took leave to go to Ahmadabad, and -his mansab, which was 5,000 personal and 2,500 horse, was fixed at -5,000 personal and horse, and he was honoured with a dress of honour, a -<i>nādirī</i> (a kind of dress), a <i>takma</i><a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e7257src" href="#xd24e7257" name= -"xd24e7257src">33</a> of pearls, whilst two horses from my private -stable, a special elephant, and a jewelled sword were also bestowed on -him. He went off to the aforesaid Subah with delight and in a state of -happiness. On the 11th of Mihr, Jagat Singh, son of Kunwar Karan, came -from his native place and waited on me. On the 16th, Mīrzā -ʿAlī Beg Akbars͟hāhī came from the province of -Oudh, which had been given him in jagir, and waited on me. He presented -as offerings 1,000 rupees, and he produced before me an elephant which -one of the zamindars of that province possessed, and which he had been -ordered to take from him. On the 21st the offering of Qutbu-l-mulk, the -ruler of Golcondah, consisting of some jewelled ornaments, was -inspected by me. The mansab of Sayyid Qāsim Bārha was fixed, -original and increase, at 1,000 personal and 600 horse. On the eve of -Friday, the 22nd, Mīrzā ʿAlī Beg, whose age had -passed 75 years, gave up the deposit of his life. Great<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e7264src" href="#xd24e7264" name= -"xd24e7264src">34</a> services had been performed by him for this -State. His mansab rose by degrees to 4,000. He was one of the -distinguished heroes of this <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb335" href= -"#pb335" name="pb335">335</a>]</span>family (<i>jawānān-i -īn ulūs</i>)<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7275src" href= -"#xd24e7275" name="xd24e7275src">35</a> and of a noble disposition. He -left neither son nor other descendants. He had the poetic temperament. -As his inevitable destiny had been fulfilled<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7281src" href="#xd24e7281" name="xd24e7281src">36</a> on the day -on which he went to pay his devotions at the venerated mausoleum of -K͟hwāja Muʿīnu-d-dīn, I ordered them to bury -him in the same blessed place.</p> -<p class="par">At the time when I gave leave to the ambassadors of -ʿĀdil K͟hān of Bijapur, I had requested that if in -that province there were a wrestler, or a celebrated swordsman, they -should tell ʿĀdil K͟hān to send him to me. After -some time, when the ambassadors returned, they brought a Mughal, by -name S͟hīr ʿAlī, who was born at Bijapur, and was a -wrestler by profession and had great experience in the art, together -with certain sword-players. The performances of the latter were -indifferent, but I put S͟hīr ʿAlī to wrestle with -the wrestlers and athletes who were in attendance on me, and they could -none of them compete with him. One thousand rupees, a dress of honour, -and an elephant were conferred on him; he was exceedingly well made, -well shaped, and powerful. I retained him in my own service, and -entitled him “the athlete of the capital.” A jagir and -mansab were given him and great favours bestowed on him. On the 24th, -Dayānat K͟hān, who had been appointed to bring -ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān Bahādur Fīrūz-jang, -brought him and waited on me, and presented as an offering 100 muhrs. -On the same date Rām Dās, the son of Rāja Rāj -Singh, one of the Rajput Amirs who had died on duty in the Deccan, was -promoted to a mansab of 1,000 personal and 500 horse. As -ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān had been guilty of faults, he made -Bābā K͟hurram his intercessor, and on the 26th, in order -to please him, I ordered the former <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb336" href="#pb336" name="pb336">336</a>]</span>to pay his respects -to me. He waited upon me with a face of complete shame, and presented -as offerings 100 muhrs and 1,000 rupees. Before the coming of -ʿĀdil K͟hān’s ambassadors I had made up my -mind that, having sent Bābā K͟hurram with the vanguard, -I should myself proceed to the Deccan and carry out this important -affair, which for some reasons had been put off. For this reason I had -given an order that except the prince no one should represent to me the -affairs of the rulers of the Deccan. On this day the prince brought the -ambassadors and laid their representation before me. After the death of -Murtaẓā K͟hān, Rāja Mān and many of the -auxiliary Sardars had come to Court. On this day, at the request of -Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, I appointed Rāja Mān as the -leader in the attack on the fort of Kāngṛa. I appointed all -the men to accompany him, and according to the condition and rank of -each made him happy with a present—a horse, an elephant, a robe -of honour, or money—and gave them leave. After some days I -conferred on ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, at the request of -Bābā K͟hurram, a jewelled dagger, as he was exceedingly -broken-hearted and grieved in mind, and an order was passed that his -mansab should continue as it was before, and that he should remain in -attendance on my son among those appointed for duty in the Deccan. On -the 3rd Ābān I ordered the mansab of Wazīr -K͟hān, who was in attendance on Bābā Parwiz, to be, -original and increase, 2,000 personal and 1,000 horse. On the 4th, -K͟husrau, who was in the charge, for safe keeping, of -Anīrāʾī Singh-dalan, for certain considerations was -handed over to Āṣaf K͟hān. I presented him with a -special shawl. On the 7th (Ābān), corresponding with the 17th -S͟hawwāl (28th October, 1616), a person of the name of -Muḥammad Riẓā Beg, whom the ruler of Persia had sent -as his representative, paid his respects. After performing the dues of -prostration and salutation (<i>kūrnis͟h, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb337" href="#pb337" name= -"pb337">337</a>]</span>sijda, taslīm</i>), he laid before me the -letter he had brought. It was decided that he should produce before me -the horses and other presents he had brought with him. The written and -verbal messages sent were full of friendship, brotherhood, and -sincerity. I gave the ambassador on that same day a jewelled tiara -(<i>tāj</i>) and a dress of honour. As in the letter much -friendliness and affection were displayed, an exact copy is recorded in -the Jahāngīr-nāma.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7296src" -href="#xd24e7296" name="xd24e7296src">37</a></p> -<p class="par">On Sunday, the 18th S͟hawwāl, corresponding to -the 8th Ābān,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7301src" href= -"#xd24e7301" name="xd24e7301src">38</a> the camp equipage of my son -Bābā K͟hurram left Ajmir for the purpose of the conquest -of the provinces of the Deccan, and it was decided that my son -aforesaid should start by way of advanced guard, followed by the -glorious standards (of Jahāngīr). On Monday, the 19th, -corresponding with the 9th Ābān, when three gharis of day had -passed, the auspicious palace moved in the same direction in the like -manner. On the 10th the mansab of Rāja Sūraj Mal, who had -been appointed to accompany the prince, was made up, original and -increase, to 2,000 personal and horse. On the night of the 19th -Ābān, after my usual custom, I was in the -<i>g͟husul-k͟hāna</i>. Some of the Amirs and attendants, -and by chance Muḥammad Riẓā Beg, the ambassador of the -ruler of Persia, were present. When six gharis had passed, an owl came -and sat on top of a high terrace roof belonging to the palace, and was -hardly visible, so that many men failed <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb338" href="#pb338" name="pb338">338</a>]</span>to distinguish it. I -sent for a gun and took aim and fired in the direction that they -pointed out to me. The gun, like the decree of heaven, fell on that -ill-omened bird and blew it to pieces. A shout arose from those who -were present, and involuntarily they opened their lips in applause and -praise. On the same night I talked with the ambassador of my brother -S͟hāh ʿAbbās, and at last the conversation turned -on the slaying of Ṣafī Mīrzā, his (the -Shah’s) eldest son. I asked him because this was a difficulty in -my mind. He represented that if his slaughter had not been carried out -at that time he would certainly have attempted the Shah’s life. -As this intention became manifest from his behaviour, the Shah was -beforehand with him and ordered him to be killed. On the same day the -mansab of Mīrzā Ḥasan, son of Mīrzā Rustam, -was fixed, original and increase, at 1,000 personal and 300 horse. The -mansab of Muʿtamad K͟hān,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7315src" href="#xd24e7315" name="xd24e7315src">39</a> who had -been appointed to the post of paymaster of the army with Bābā -K͟hurram, was settled at 1,000 personal and 250 horse. The time -for the leave-taking of Bābā K͟hurram had been fixed as -Friday, the 20th (Ābān). At the end of this day he paraded -before me the pick of his men armed and ready in the public hall of -audience. Of the distinguished favours bestowed on the aforesaid son -one was the title of S͟hāh, which was made a part of his -name. I ordered that thereafter he should be styled S͟hāh -Sult̤ān K͟hurram. I presented him with a robe of honour, -a jewelled <i>chārqab</i>, the fringe and collar of which were -decorated with pearls, an Iraq horse with a jewelled saddle, a Turki -horse, a special elephant called Bansī-badan,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e7322src" href="#xd24e7322" name="xd24e7322src">40</a> a -carriage, according to the English fashion,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7325src" href="#xd24e7325" name="xd24e7325src">41</a> for him to -sit and travel about <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb339" href="#pb339" -name="pb339">339</a>]</span>in, a jewelled sword with a special -<i>pardala</i> (sword-belt) that had been taken at the conquest of the -fort of Ahmadnagar and was very celebrated, and a jewelled dagger. He -started with great keenness. My trust in Almighty God is that in this -service he may gain renown (lit. become red-faced). On each of the -Amirs and mansabdars, according to his quality and degree, a horse and -an elephant were conferred. Loosening a private sword from my own -waist, I gave it to ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān -Fīrūz-jang. As Dayānat K͟hān had been -appointed to accompany the prince, I gave the duty of -<i>ʿarẓ-mukarrir</i> (reviser of petitions) to -K͟hwāja Qāsim Qilīj K͟hān. -Previously<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7336src" href="#xd24e7336" name= -"xd24e7336src">42</a> to this a band of thieves had carried off a -certain sum of money from the royal treasury in the -<i>kotwālī chabūtara</i> (Police Office). After some -days seven men of that band, with their leader, of the name of Nawal, -were caught, and a portion of that money was recovered. It occurred to -me that as they had been guilty of such boldness I ought to punish them -severely. Each was punished in exemplary fashion, and I ordered Nawal, -the leader of them all, to be thrown under the feet of an elephant. He -petitioned that if I would give the order he would fight the elephant. -I ordered it to be so. They produced a very furious elephant. I bade -them put a dagger into his hand and bring him in front of the elephant. -The elephant several times threw him down, and each time that violent -and fearless man, although he witnessed the punishments of his -comrades, got up again and bravely and with a stout heart struck the -elephant’s trunk with the dagger, so that the animal refrained -from attacking him. When I had witnessed this pluck and manliness, I -ordered them to inquire into his history. After a short time, according -to his evil nature and low disposition, he ran away in his longing -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb340" href="#pb340" name= -"pb340">340</a>]</span>for his own place and abode. This annoyed me -greatly, and I ordered the jagirdars of that neighbourhood to hunt him -up and apprehend him. By chance he was caught a second time, and this -time I ordered that ungrateful and unappreciative one to be hanged. The -saying of S͟haik͟h Muṣliḥu-d-dīn -Saʿdī accords with his case—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“In the end a wolf’s cub becomes a -wolf,</p> -<p class="line">Although he be brought up with man.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">On Tuesday,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7352src" -href="#xd24e7352" name="xd24e7352src">43</a> the 1st -Ẕī-l-qaʿda (10th November, 1616), corresponding with -the 21st Ābān, after two watches and five gharis of the day -had passed, in good condition and with a right purpose I mounted the -Frank carriage, which had four horses attached to it, and left the city -of Ajmir. I ordered many of the Amirs to accompany me in carriages, and -at about sunset alighted at a halting-place about 1¾ kos -distant, in the village of Deo Rāy (Dorāī?).<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e7355src" href="#xd24e7355" name= -"xd24e7355src">44</a> It is the custom of the people of India that if -the movement of kings or great men for the conquest of a country is -towards the east they should ride a tusked elephant, and if the -movement is towards the west on a horse of one colour; if towards the -north in a palanquin or a litter (<i>singhāsan</i>), and if -towards the south, that is, in the direction of the Deccan (as on this -occasion), on a <i>rath</i>, which is a kind of cart -(<i>arāba</i>) or <i>bahal</i> (two-wheeled car). I had stayed at -Ajmir for five days less than three years.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7371src" href="#xd24e7371" name="xd24e7371src">45</a> They -consider the city of Ajmir, which is the place of the blessed tomb of -the revered K͟hwāja Muʿīnu-d-dīn, to be in the -second clime. Its air is nearly equable. The capital of Agra is to the -east of it; on the north are the townships (district) of <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb341" href="#pb341" name= -"pb341">341</a>]</span>Delhi, and on the south the Subah of Gujarat. On -the west lie Multan and Deālpūr. The soil of this province is -all sandy; water is found with difficulty in the land, and the reliance -for cultivation is on moist<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7376src" href= -"#xd24e7376" name="xd24e7376src">46</a> soil and on the rainfall. The -cold season is very equable, and the hot season is milder than in Agra. -From this subah in time of war 86,000<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7385src" href="#xd24e7385" name="xd24e7385src">47</a> horse and -304,000 Rajput foot are provided. There are two large lakes in this -city; they call one of these the Bīsal<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7388src" href="#xd24e7388" name="xd24e7388src">48</a> and the -other the Ānāsāgar. The Bīsal tank is in ruins and -its embankment is broken. At this time I ordered it to be repaired. The -Ānāsāgar at the time that the royal standards were there -was always full of water and waves. This <i>tāl</i> is 1½ -kos and 5 <i>t̤anāb</i> (lit. tent-ropes) (in -circumference?). Whilst at Ajmir I visited nine times the mausoleum of -the revered K͟hwāja, and fifteen times went to look at the -Pushkar lake; to the Chashma-i-Nūr I went thirty-eight times. I -went out to hunt tigers, etc., fifty times. I killed 15 tigers, 1 -cheetah, 1 black-ear (lynx), 53 nilgaw, 33 gazelle (<i>gawazn</i>), 90 -antelope, 80 boars, and 340 water-fowl. I encamped seven times at Deo -Rāy (Deo Rānī) (Dorāī?). At this halt 5 nilgaw -and 12 water-fowl were killed. Marching on the 29th from Deo Rāy, -my camp was pitched at the village of Dāsāwalī, 2 kos -and 1½ quarters distant from Deo Rāy. On this day I gave an -elephant to Muʿtamad K͟hān. I stayed the next day at -this village. On this day a nilgaw was killed, and I sent two of my -falcons to my son K͟hurram. I marched from this village on the -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb342" href="#pb342" name= -"pb342">342</a>]</span>3rd Āẕar, and pitched at the village -of Bādhal (Māwal?), 2¼ kos distant. On the road six -water-fowl, etc., were killed. On the 4th, having gone 1½ kos, -Rāmsar,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7406src" href="#xd24e7406" -name="xd24e7406src">49</a> which belongs to Nūr-Jahān Begam, -became the place for the alighting of honour and glory. A halt was made -at this place for eight days. In the place of K͟hidmat-gār -K͟hān I here appointed Hidāyatu-llah -<i>mīr-tūzak</i> (master of ceremonies). On the 5th day 7 -antelope, 1 kulang (crane), and 15 fish were killed. The next day Jagat -Singh, son of Kunwar Karan, received a horse and a robe of honour and -took leave for his native place. A horse was also given to Kes͟ho -Dās Lālā and an elephant to Allah-dād -K͟hān Afg͟han. On the same day I killed a gazelle, 3 -antelope, 7 fish, and 2 water-fowl. On that day was heard the news of -the death of Rāja Syām Singh, who belonged to the army of -Bangash. On the 7th day 3 antelope, 5 water-fowl, and a -<i>qas͟hqaldāg͟h</i><a class="noteref" id="xd24e7415src" -href="#xd24e7415" name="xd24e7415src">50</a> (coot) were killed. On -Thursday and the eve of Friday, as Rāmsar belongs to the jagir of -Nūr-Jahān, a feast and entertainment were prepared. Jewels, -jewelled ornaments, fine cloths, sewn tapestry, and every kind of -jewellery were presented as offerings. At night on all sides and in the -middle of the lake, which is very broad, lamps were displayed. An -excellent entertainment was arranged. In the end of the said Thursday, -having also sent for the Amirs, I ordered cups for most<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e7427src" href="#xd24e7427" name= -"xd24e7427src">51</a> of the servants. On my journeys by land some -boats are always taken along with the victorious camp; the boatmen -convey them on carts. On the day after this entertainment I went to -fish in these boats, and in a short time 208 large fish came into one -net. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb343" href="#pb343" name= -"pb343">343</a>]</span>Half of these were of the species of -<i>rakū</i>. At night I divided them among the servants in my own -presence. On the 13th Āẕar I marched from Rāmsar, and -hunting for 4 kos along the road, the camp was pitched at the village -of Balodā.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7435src" href="#xd24e7435" -name="xd24e7435src">52</a> Here I stayed for two days. On the 16th, -moving 3¼ kos, I alighted at the village of Nihāl.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e7439src" href="#xd24e7439" name= -"xd24e7439src">53</a> On the 18th the march was one of 2¼ kos. -On this day I gave an elephant to Muḥammad Riẓā Beg, -ambassador of the ruler of Persia. The village of Jonsā became the -halting-place of the tents of greatness and prosperity. On the 20th I -marched to the halting-place of Deogāon; I hunted along the road -for a distance of 3 kos. I stayed at this place for two days, and at -the end of the day went out to hunt. At this stage a strange affair was -witnessed. Before the royal standards arrived at this halting-place, an -eunuch went to the bank of a large tank there is in the village, and -caught two young <i>sāras</i>, which are a kind of crane; at -night, when we stopped at this halting-place, two large saras appeared -making loud cries near the ghusul-khana (parlour), which they had -placed on the edge of the tank, as if somebody were exercising -oppression on them. They fearlessly began their cries and came forward. -It occurred to me that certainly some kind of wrong had been done to -them, and probably their young had been taken. After enquiry was made -the eunuch who had taken the young saras brought them before me. When -the saras heard the cries of these young ones, they without control -threw themselves upon them, and suspecting that they had had no food, -each of the two saras placed food in the mouths of the young ones, and -made much lamentation. Taking the two young ones between them, and -stretching out their wings and fondling them, they went off to their -nest. Marching on the 23rd 3¾ kos, I alighted at the -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb344" href="#pb344" name= -"pb344">344</a>]</span>village of Bahāsū (Bhālū?). -Here there was a halt of two days, and each day I rode to hunt. On the -26th the royal standards moved and the halt was outside of the village -of Kākal. A halt was made after traversing 2 kos. On the 27th the -mansab of Badīʿu-z-zamān, son of Mīrzā -S͟hāhruk͟h, original and increased, was fixed at 1,500 -personal and 750 horse. Marching on the 29th 2¾ kos, a halt was -made at the village of Lāsā, near parganah Boda.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e7447src" href="#xd24e7447" name= -"xd24e7447src">54</a> This day corresponded with the festival of -Qurbān (19th December, 1616). I ordered them to observe the -ordinances of that day. From the date on which I left Ajmir up to the -end of the aforesaid month, viz. the 30th Āẕar, 67 nilgaw, -antelope, etc., and 37 water-fowl etc., had been killed. A march was -made from Lāsā on the 2nd Day, and I marched and hunted for 3 -kos 10 <i>jarīb</i>, and halted in the neighbourhood of the -village of Kānṛā. On the 4th a march of 3¼ kos -was made to the village of Sūraṭh. Marching 4½ kos on -the 6th, a halt was made near the village of Barora -(Bardaṛā?). On the 7th, when there was a halt, 50 water-fowl -and 14 qashqaldagh (coot) were killed. The next day was a halt as well. -On this day 27 water-fowl became a prey. On the 9th a march of 4⅛ -kos was made. Hunting and overthrowing prey, I alighted at the -halting-place of K͟hūs͟h Tāl. At this stage a -report came from Muʿtamad K͟hān that when the territory -of the Rānā became the halting-place of S͟hāh -K͟hurram, though there had been no agreement to this effect (i.e. -to the Rānā’s meeting him), the fame and dignity of the -victorious army had introduced a commotion into the pillars of his -patience and firmness, and he had come and paid his respects to him -when he halted at Dūdpūr,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7453src" -href="#xd24e7453" name="xd24e7453src">55</a> which was on the border of -his jagir, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb345" href="#pb345" name= -"pb345">345</a>]</span>and observing all the dues and ceremonies of -service he had neglected not the smallest portion of them. -S͟hāh K͟hurram had paid him every attention, and pleased -him with the gift of a dress of honour, a <i>chārqab</i>, a -jewelled sword, a jewelled khapwa, Persian and Turki horses, and an -elephant, and dismissed him with every honour. He had also favoured his -sons and relations with dresses of honour, and out of his offering, -which consisted of five elephants, twenty-seven horses, and a tray full -of jewels and jewelled ornaments, had taken three horses and given back -the remainder. It was settled that his son Karan should attend on the -stirrup of Bābā K͟hurram in this expedition with 1,500 -horse. On the 10th the sons of Rāja Mahā Singh came from -their jagir and native place (Amber) and waited on me in the -neighbourhood of Ranṭambhor, making an offering of three -elephants and nine horses. Each one of them, according to his -condition, received an increase of mansab. As the neighbourhood of the -said fort became a halting-place for the royal standards, I released -some of the prisoners who were confined in that fort. At this place I -halted for two days and each day went to hunt. Thirty-eight water-fowl -and qashqaldagh (coot) were taken. On the 12th I marched, and after -going 4 kos halted at the village of Koyalā. On the road I killed -fourteen water-fowl and an antelope. On the 14th, having traversed -3¾ kos, I halted in the neighbourhood of the village of -Ekṭorā,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7462src" href= -"#xd24e7462" name="xd24e7462src">56</a> killing on the road a blue -bull, twelve herons (<i>karwānak</i>), etc. On the same day -Āg͟hā Fāẓil, who had been appointed deputy -for Iʿtimādu-d-daulah at Lahore, was dignified with the title -of Fāẓil K͟hān. At this stage they had erected the -royal lodging (<i>daulat-k͟hāna</i>) on the bank of a tank, -which was exceedingly bright and pleasant. On account of the -pleasantness of the place <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb346" href= -"#pb346" name="pb346">346</a>]</span>I halted two days there, and at -the end of each went to hunt water-fowl. To this place the younger son -of Mahābat K͟hān, by name Bahra-war, came from the fort -of Ranṭambhor, which is his father’s jagir, to pay his -respects to me. He had brought two elephants, both of which were -included in my private stud. I promoted Ṣafī, son of -Amānat K͟hān, to the title of K͟hān, and, -increasing his mansab, made him bakhshi and news-writer of the Subah of -Gujarat. Having travelled 4½ kos on the 17th, I halted at the -village of Lasāyā.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7474src" href= -"#xd24e7474" name="xd24e7474src">57</a> During the halt I killed one -water-fowl and twenty-three sand-grouse (<i>durrāj</i>). As I had -sent for Las͟hkar K͟hān to Court on account of the -disagreement that had occurred between him and K͟hān -Daurān, I at this place appointed ʿĀbid -K͟hān,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7480src" href="#xd24e7480" -name="xd24e7480src">58</a> bakhshi and news-writer, in his stead. On -the 19th, having made a march of 2¼ kos, an encampment was made -in the neighbourhood of the village of Kūrāka -(Korāṉ?),<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7483src" href= -"#xd24e7483" name="xd24e7483src">59</a> which is situated on the bank -of the Chambal. On account of the excellence of the place and the -pleasantness of its air and water, a halt took place here for three -days. Every day I sat in a boat and went to hunt water-fowl and to -wander over the river. On the 22nd<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7489src" -href="#xd24e7489" name="xd24e7489src">60</a> there was a march, and -having traversed 4½ kos, shooting on the road, the victorious -camp was pitched at the villages of Sult̤ānpūr and -Chīla Mala (Chīlāmīlā?). On this day of halt I -bestowed on Mīrān Ṣadr Jahān 5,000 rupees, and -gave him leave to proceed to the place assigned to him as his jagir. -Another 1,000 rupees were given to S͟haik͟h Pīr. On the -25th I marched and hunted for 3½ kos and encamped at the village -of Bāsūr.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7492src" href= -"#xd24e7492" name="xd24e7492src">61</a> According to fixed rules one -halt and one march took place, and on the 27th I marched and hunted -4⅛ kos and encamped at the village of Chārdūha -(Varadhā?). <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb347" href="#pb347" -name="pb347">347</a>]</span>Two days halt took place here. In this -month of Day 416 animals were killed, namely, 97 sand-grouse (durraj), -192 qashqaldagh, 1 saras, 7 herons, 118 water-fowl, and 1 hare. On the -1st Bahman, corresponding with the 12th Muharram, 1026 (20th January, -1617), seating myself in boats with the ladies, I went forward one -stage. When one ghari of day remained I arrived at the village of -Rūpāheṛā, the halting-place, the distance being 4 -kos and 15 jarib. I shot five sand-grouse. On the same day I sent by -the hands of Kaikana winter dresses of honour to twenty-one Amirs on -duty in the Deccan, and ordered him to take 10,000<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e7498src" href="#xd24e7498" name="xd24e7498src">62</a> rupees -from those Amirs as a thanksgiving for the dresses of honour. This -halting-place had much verdure and pleasantness. On the 3rd a march -took place. As on the previous day, I embarked in a boat, and after -traversing 2⅛ kos the village of Kākhā-dās -(Kākhāvās?)<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7501src" href= -"#xd24e7501" name="xd24e7501src">63</a> became the encamping place of -the victorious camp. As I came hunting on the way, a sand-grouse fell -flying into a thicket. After much search it was marked, and I ordered -one of the beaters to surround the thicket and catch it, and went -towards it myself. Meanwhile another sand-grouse rose, and this I made -a falcon seize. Soon afterwards the beater came and laid the -sand-grouse before me. I ordered them to satisfy the falcon with this -sand-grouse, and to keep the one we had caught, as it was a young bird. -(But) before the order reached him the head huntsman fed the falcon -with the sand-grouse (the second one, viz. that which the falcon had -caught). After a while the beater represented to me that if he did not -kill the sand-grouse it would die (and then could not be eaten as not -properly killed). I ordered him to kill it if that was the case. As he -laid his sword on its throat, it with a slight movement freed itself -from the sword and flew away. After I had <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb348" href="#pb348" name="pb348">348</a>]</span>left the boat and -mounted my horse, suddenly a sparrow (<i>kunjis͟hk</i>) by the -force of the wind struck the head of an arrow that one of the beaters -who was in my retinue had in his hand, and immediately fell down and -died. I was amazed and bewildered at the tricks of destiny; on one side -it preserved the sand-grouse, whose time had not arrived, in a short -time from three such dangers, and on the other hand made captive in the -hand of destruction on the arrow of fate the sparrow whose hour of -death had come—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“The world-sword may move from its place,</p> -<p class="line">But it will cut no vein till God wills.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">Dresses of honour for the winter had also been -sent by the hand of Qarā, the <i>yasāwul</i> (usher), to the -Amirs at Kabul. I halted at this place on account of the pleasantness -of the spot and the excellence of the air. On this day there came the -news of the death of Nād ʿAlī K͟hān -Maidāni at Kabul. I honoured his sons with mansabs, and at the -request of Ibrāhīm K͟hān -Fīrūz-jang<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7519src" href= -"#xd24e7519" name="xd24e7519src">64</a> increased the mansab of -Rāwat S͟hankar by 500 personal and 1,000 horse. On the 6th -there was a march, and going for 4⅛ kos by the pass known as -Ghāṭe Chāndā, the royal camp was pitched at the -village of Amḥār (Amjār?). This valley is very green -and pleasant and good trees are seen in it. Up to this stage, which is -the limit of the country of the Subah of Ajmir, 84 kos had been -traversed. It was also a pleasant stage. Nūr-Jahān Begam here -shot with a gun a <i>qarīs͟ha</i>(?), the like of which for -size and beauty of colour had never been seen. I ordered them to weigh -it, and it came to 19 tolas and 5 mashas. The aforesaid village is the -commencement of the Subah of Malwa, which is in the second clime. The -length<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7525src" href="#xd24e7525" name= -"xd24e7525src">65</a> of this Subah from the extremity of the province -of Gaṛha to the province of Bānswāla -(Bānswaṛā?) is 245 kos, and its <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb349" href="#pb349" name= -"pb349">349</a>]</span>breadth from the parganah of Chanderī to -the parganah of Nandarbār is 230 kos. On the east is the province -of Bāndho, and on the north the fort of Narwar, on the south the -province of Baglānā, and on the west the Subahs of Gujarat -and Ajmir. Malwa is a large province abounding in water and of a -pleasant climate. There are five rivers in it in addition to streams, -canals, and springs, namely, the Godavarī,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7531src" href="#xd24e7531" name="xd24e7531src">66</a> -Bhīmā, Kālīsindh, Nīrā, and Narbada. Its -climate is nearly equable. The land of this province is low, but part -of it is high. In the district of Dhār, which is one of the noted -places of Malwa, the vine gives grapes twice in the year, in the -beginning of Pisces and the beginning of Leo, but the grapes of Pisces -are the sweeter. Its husbandmen and artificers are not without arms. -The revenue of the province is 24,700,000 dams. When needful there are -obtained from it about 9,300<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7534src" href= -"#xd24e7534" name="xd24e7534src">67</a> horse and four lakhs, 70,300 -foot-soldiers, with 100 elephants. On the 8th, moving on 3½ kos, -an encampment was made near K͟hairābād. On the road 14 -sand-grouse and 3 herons were killed, and having traversed and shot -over 3 kos the camp was pitched at the village of Sidhārā. On -the 11th, while there was a halt, I mounted at the end of the day to -hunt, and killed a blue bull. On the 12th, after traversing 4¼ -kos, a halt was made at the village of Bachhayārī. On that -day Rānā Amar Singh had sent some baskets of figs. In truth -it is a fine fruit, and I had never seen such delicious figs in India. -But one must eat only a few of them; it does harm to eat many. On the -14th there was a march; having traversed 4⅛ kos, I encamped at -the village of Balbalī. Rāja Jānbā who is an -influential zamindar in these <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb350" -href="#pb350" name="pb350">350</a>]</span>regions, had sent two -elephants as an offering, and they were brought before me. At the same -stage they brought many melons grown in Kārīz near Herat. -K͟hān ʿĀlam had also sent 50 camels. In former -years they had never brought melons in such abundance. On one tray they -brought many kinds of fruit—Kārīz melons, melons from -Badakhshan and Kabul, grapes from Samarkand<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7539src" href="#xd24e7539" name="xd24e7539src">68</a> and -Badakhshan, apples from Samarkand, Kashmir, Kabul, and from Jalalabad, -which is a dependency of Kabul, and pineapples, a fruit that comes from -the European ports, plants of which have been set in Agra. Every year -some thousands are gathered in the gardens there which appertain to the -private domains -(<i>k͟hāliṣa-i-s͟harīfa</i>)<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e7548src" href="#xd24e7548" name= -"xd24e7548src">69</a>; <i>kaula</i>,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7558src" href="#xd24e7558" name="xd24e7558src">70</a> which are -similar in form to an orange, but smaller and better in flavour. They -grow very well in the Subah of Bengal. In what language can one give -thanks for such favours? My revered father had a great liking for -fruit, especially for melons, pomegranates, and grapes. During his time -the Kārīz melons, which are the finest kind, and pomegranates -from Yezd, which are celebrated throughout the world and Samarkand -grapes had not been brought to Hindustan. Whenever I see these fruits -they cause me great regret. Would that such fruit had come in those -days, so that he might have enjoyed them!</p> -<p class="par">On the 15th, which was a halting day, news came of the -death of Mīr ʿAlī, son of Farīdūn -K͟hān Barlās, who was one of the trusted -<i>amīr-zādas</i> (descended from amirs) of this family (the -Timurides). On the 16th a march took place. Having traversed 4⅛ -kos, the camp of heavenly dignity was pitched near the village of -Girī. On the road the scouts brought news that there was -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb351" href="#pb351" name= -"pb351">351</a>]</span>a lion in this neighbourhood. I went to hunt him -and finished him with one shot. As the braveness of the lion -(<i>shīr babar</i>) has been established, I wished to look at his -intestines. After they were extracted, it appeared that in a manner -contrary to other animals, whose gall-bladder is outside their livers, -the gall-bladder of the lion is within his liver(?). It occurred to me -that the courage of the lion may be from this cause. On the 18th, after -traversing 2¾ kos, the village of Amriyā was our -halting-place. On the 19th, which was a halt, I went out to hunt. After -going 2 kos, a village came to view exceedingly sweet and pleasant. -Nearly 100 mango-trees were seen in one garden; I had seldom seen -mango-trees so large and green and pleasant. In the same garden I saw a -<i>bar</i>-tree (a banyan), exceedingly large. I ordered them to -measure its length, breadth, and height in yards (<i>gaz</i>). Its -height from the surface to the highest branch -(<i>sar-s͟hāk͟h</i>) was 74 cubits -(<i>z̤iraʿ</i>). The circumference of its trunk was -44½ cubits and its breadth<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7593src" -href="#xd24e7593" name="xd24e7593src">71</a> 175½ measured by -the gaz. This has been recorded as it is very unusual. On the 20th was -a march, and on the road a blue bull was shot with a gun. On the 21st, -which was a halt, I went out to hunt at the end of the day. After -returning, I came to the house of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah for the -festival of K͟hwāja K͟hiẓr, whom they call -K͟hiẓrī; I remained there till a watch of the night had -passed, and then feeling inclined for food I went back to the royal -quarters. On this day I honoured Iʿtimādu-d-daulah as an -intimate friend by directing the ladies of the harem not to veil their -faces from him. By this favour I bestowed everlasting honour on him. On -the 22nd an order was given to march, and after 3⅛ kos were -traversed the camp was pitched at the village of Būlgharī -(Nawalkheṛī?). On the road two blue <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb352" href="#pb352" name= -"pb352">352</a>]</span>bulls were killed. On the 23rd day of Tīr, -which was a halt, I killed a blue bull with a gun. On the 24th, -traversing 5 kos, the village of Qāsim-kheṛā was the -halting-place. On the road a white animal<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7600src" href="#xd24e7600" name="xd24e7600src">72</a> was killed, -which resembled the <i>kūtāh pāya</i> (hog-deer); it had -four horns, two of which were opposite the extremities of its eyes, and -two finger-breadths in height, and the two other horns four -finger-breadths towards the nape of the neck. These were four -finger-breadths in height. The people of India call this animal -<i>dūdhādhārīt</i> (<i>dudhāriyā</i>?). -The male has four horns and the female none. It was said that this kind -of antelope has no gall-bladder, but when they looked at its intestines -the gall-bladder was apparent, and it became clear that this report has -no foundation. On the 25th, which was a halt, at the end of the day I -rode out to hunt and killed a female nilgaw with my gun. -Bāljū, nephew of Qilīj K͟hān, who held the -mansab of 1,000 personal and 850 horse, and had a jagir in Oudh, I -promoted to 2,000 personal and 1,200 horse, dignified him with the -title of Qilīj K͟hān, and appointed him to the Subah of -Bengal. On the 26th a march took place, and after traversing 4¾ -kos a halt was made at the village of Dih Qāẓiyān, -which is in the neighbourhood of Ujjain. A number of mango-trees in -this place had blossomed. They had pitched the <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb353" href="#pb353" name= -"pb353">353</a>]</span>tents on the bank of a lake, and had prepared an -enchanting place. Pahāṛ, son of G͟haznīn<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e7646src" href="#xd24e7646" name= -"xd24e7646src">73</a> K͟hān, was capitally punished at this -stage. Cherishing this unlucky one after the death of his father, I had -given him the fort and province of Jālaur, which was the place of -his ancestors. As he was of tender years, his mother used to forbid him -certain evil practices. That eternally black-faced one with some of his -companions one night came into the house and killed his own full mother -with his own hand. This news reached me and I ordered them to bring -him. After his crime was proved against him, I ordered them to put him -to death (<i>kih ba biyāsā rasānīdand</i>). At this -halting-place a tamarind<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7652src" href= -"#xd24e7652" name="xd24e7652src">74</a>-tree came to view, the form and -habit of which were somewhat strange. The original tree had one trunk; -when it had grown to 6 gaz, it turned into two branches, one of which -was 10 and the other 9½ gaz. The distance between the two -branches was 4½ gaz. From the ground to the place where the -branches and leaves came to an end(?), there were on the side of the -large branch 16 gaz, and on the other branch 15½ gaz. From the -place whence the branches and green leaves began(?) to the top (trunk?) -of the tree was 2½ gaz, and the circumference was 2¾ gaz. -I ordered them to make a <i>chabūtara</i> (platform) round it of -the height of 3 gaz. As the trunk was very straight and well-shaped, I -told my artists to depict it in the illustrations to the -Jahāngīr-nāma. A march was made on the 27th. After -traversing 2⅛ kos, a halt was made <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb354" href="#pb354" name="pb354">354</a>]</span>at the village of -Hinduwāl<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7673src" href="#xd24e7673" -name="xd24e7673src">75</a>; on the road a blue bull was killed. On the -28th, after traversing 2 kos, the village of Kāliyādaha -became the halting-place. Kāliyādaha is a building which was -made by Nāsiru-d-dīn, son of -G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn, son of Sult̤ān -Maḥmūd K͟haljī, who was ruler of Malwa. In the -time of his rule he had made it in the neighbourhood of Ujjain, which -is one of the most celebrated cities in the Subah of Malwa. They say -that the heat overcame him so much that he passed his time in the -water. He made this building in the middle of the river, and divided -its waters into canals, and brought the water on all sides, as well as -inside and outside, of the house, and made large and small reservoirs -suited to the place. It is a very pleasant and enjoyable place, and one -of the noted habitations of Hindustan. Before it was decided to halt at -this place I sent architects and ordered them to clean up the place -again. On account of its pleasantness I remained in this place for -three days. At the same place S͟hajāʿat K͟hān -came from his jagir and waited on me. Ujjain is one of the old cities, -and is one of the seven established places of worship of the Hindus. -Rāja Bikramājīt, who introduced the observation of the -heavens and stars into Hindustan, lived in this city and province. From -the time of his observations until now, which is the 1026th Hijra year -(1617 <span class="sc">A.D.</span>) and the 11th year from my -accession, 1,675<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7679src" href="#xd24e7679" -name="xd24e7679src">76</a> years have passed. The deductions of the -astronomers of India are all based on his observations. This city is on -the bank of the River Sipra. The belief<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7682src" href="#xd24e7682" name="xd24e7682src">77</a> of the -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb355" href="#pb355" name= -"pb355">355</a>]</span>Hindus is that once in some year at an uncertain -time the water of this river turns into milk. In the reign of my -revered father, at the time when he had sent Abū-l-faẓl to -set in order the affairs of my brother S͟hāh Murād, he -sent a report from that city that a large body of Hindus and Musulmans -had borne testimony that some days previously at night this river had -become milk, so that people who took water from it that night found in -the morning their pots full of milk.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7688src" href="#xd24e7688" name="xd24e7688src">78</a> As this -obtained currency it has been recorded, but my intelligence will in no -way agree to it. The real truth of this affair is known to Allah. On -the 2nd Isfandārmuẕ I embarked in a boat from -Kāliyādaha, and went to the next stage. I had frequently -heard that an austere Sanyāsī<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7691src" href="#xd24e7691" name="xd24e7691src">79</a> of the name -of Jadrūp many years ago retired from the city of Ujjain to a -corner of the desert and employed himself in the worship of the true -God. I had a great desire for his acquaintance, and when I was at the -capital of Agra I was desirous of sending for and seeing him. In the -end, thinking of the trouble it would give him, I did not send for him. -When I arrived in the neighbourhood of the city I alighted from the -boat and went ⅛ kos on foot to see him. The place he had chosen -to live in was a hole on the side of a hill which had been dug out and -a door made. At the entrance there is an opening in the shape of a -<i>miḥrāb</i>,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7698src" href= -"#xd24e7698" name="xd24e7698src">80</a> which <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb356" href="#pb356" name="pb356">356</a>]</span>is -in length (? height) 1 gaz and in breadth 10 <i>gira</i>, (knots, each -1/16 of a gaz), and the distance from this door to a hole which is his -real abode is 2 gaz and 5 knots in length and in breadth 11¼ -knots. The height from the ground to the roof is 1 gaz and 3 knots. The -hole whence is the entrance to the abode is in length 5½ knots -and its breadth 3½ knots. A person of weak body (thin?) can only -enter it with a hundred difficulties. The length and breadth of the -hole are such. It has no mat and no straw. In this narrow and dark hole -he passes his time in solitude. In the cold days of winter, though he -is quite naked, with the exception of a piece of rag that he has in -front and behind, he never lights a fire. The Mulla of Rūm -(Jalālu-d-dīn) has put into rhyme the language of a -dervish—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“By day our clothes are the sun,</p> -<p class="line">By night our mattress and blanket the moon’s -rays.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">He bathes twice a day in a piece of water near his -abode, and once a day goes into the city of Ujjain, and nowhere but to -the houses of three brahmins whom he has selected out of seven, who -have wives and children and whom he believes to have religious feelings -and contentment. He takes by way of alms five mouthfuls of food out of -what they have prepared for their own eating, which he swallows without -chewing, in order that he may not enjoy their flavour; always provided -that no misfortune has happened to their three houses, that there has -been no birth, and there be no menstruous woman in the house. This is -his method of living, just as it is now written. He does not desire to -associate with men, but as he has obtained great notoriety people go to -see him. He is not devoid of knowledge, for he has thoroughly mastered -the science of the Vedānta, which is the science of Sufism. I -conversed with him for six gharis; he spoke well, so much so as to make -a great impression on me. My society also suited him. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb357" href="#pb357" name="pb357">357</a>]</span>At -the time when my revered father conquered the fort of Āsīr, -in the province of Khandesh, and was returning to Agra, he saw him in -the very same place, and always remembered him well.</p> -<p class="par">The learned of India have established four modes of life -for the caste of brahmins, which is the most honoured of the castes of -Hindus, and have divided their lives into four periods. These four -periods they call the four <i>āsram</i>.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7731src" href="#xd24e7731" name="xd24e7731src">81</a> The boy who -is born in a brahmin’s house they do not call brahmin till he is -7 years old, and take no trouble on the subject. After he has arrived -at the age of 8 years, they have a meeting and collect the brahmins -together. They make a cord of <i>mūnj</i> grass, which they call -<i>mūnjī</i>, in length 2¼ gaz, and having caused -prayers and incantations to be repeated over it, and having had it made -into three strands, which they call <i>sih tan</i>, by one in whom they -have confidence, they fasten it on his waist. Having woven a -<i>zunnār</i> (girdle or thread) out of the loose threads, they -hang it over his right<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7747src" href= -"#xd24e7747" name="xd24e7747src">82</a> shoulder. Having given into his -hand a stick of the length of a little over 1 gaz to defend himself -with from hurtful things and a copper vessel for drinking-water, they -hand him over to a learned brahmin that he may remain in his house for -twelve years, and employ himself in reading the Vedas, which they -believe in as God’s book. From this day forward they call him a -brahmin. During this time it is necessary that he should altogether -abstain from bodily pleasures. When midday is passed he goes as a -beggar to the houses of other brahmins, and bringing what is given him -to his preceptor, eats it with his permission. For clothing, with the -exception of a loin cloth (<i>lungī</i>) of cotton to cover his -private parts, and 2 or 3 more gaz of cotton <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb358" href="#pb358" name= -"pb358">358</a>]</span>which he throws over his back, he has nothing -else. This state is called <i>brahmacharya</i>, that is, being busied -with the Divine books. After this period has passed, with the leave of -his preceptor and his father, he marries, and is allowed to enjoy all -the pleasures of his five senses until the time when he has a son who -shall have attained the age of 16 years. If he does not have a son, he -passes his days till he is 48 in the social life. During this time they -call him a <i>grihast</i>, that is, householder. After that time, -separating himself from relatives, connections, strangers, and friends, -and giving up all things of enjoyment and pleasure, he retires to a -place of solitude from the place of attachment to sociality -(<i>taʿalluq-i-ābād-i-kas̤rat</i>), and passes his -days in the jungle. They call this condition -<i>bānprasta</i>,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7768src" href= -"#xd24e7768" name="xd24e7768src">83</a> that is, abode in the jungle. -As it is a maxim of the Hindus that no good deed can be thoroughly -performed by men in the social state without the partnership of the -presence of a wife, whom they have styled the half of a man, and as a -portion of the ceremonies and worshippings is yet before him (has to be -accomplished), he takes his wife with him into the jungle. If she -should be pregnant, he puts off his going until she bear a child and it -arrive at the age of 5 years. Then he entrusts the child to his eldest -son or other relation, and carries out his intention. In the same way, -if his wife be menstruous, he puts off going until she is purified. -After this he has no connection with her, and does not defile himself -with communication with her, and at night he sleeps apart.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e7771src" href="#xd24e7771" name= -"xd24e7771src">84</a> He passes twelve years in this place, and lives -on vegetables which may have sprung up of themselves in the desert and -jungle. He keeps his zunnar by him and worships fire. He does not waste -his time in looking <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb359" href="#pb359" -name="pb359">359</a>]</span>after his nails or the hair of his head, or -in trimming his beard and moustaches. When he completes this period in -the manner related, he returns to his own house, and having commended -his wife to his children and brothers and sons-in-law, goes to pay his -respects to his spiritual guide, and burns by throwing into the fire in -his presence whatever he has in the way of a zunnar, the hair of his -head, etc., and says to him: “Whatever attachment -(<i>taʿalluq</i>) I may have had, even to abstinence and -worshipping and will, I have rooted up out of my heart.” Then he -closes the road to his heart and to his desires and is always employed -in contemplation of God, and knows no one except the True Cause of -Being (God). If he speak of science it is the science of Vedānta, -the purport of which Bābā Fig͟hānī has -versified in this couplet—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“There’s one lamp in this house, by whose -rays</p> -<p class="line">Wherever I look there is an assembly.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">They call this state -<i>sarvabiyās</i>,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7798src" href= -"#xd24e7798" name="xd24e7798src">85</a> that is, giving up all. They -call him who possesses it <i>sarvabiyāsī</i>.</p> -<p class="par">After interviewing Jadrūp I mounted an elephant and -passed through the town of Ujjain, and as I went scattered to the right -and left small coins to the value of 3,500 rupees, and proceeding -1¾ kos alighted at Dāʾūd-k͟heṛā, -the place where the royal camp was pitched. On the 3rd day, which was a -halting day, I went, from desire for association with him, after -midday, to see Jadrūp, and for six gharis enjoyed myself in his -company. On this day also he uttered good words, and it was near -evening when I entered my palace. On the 4th day I journeyed 3¼ -kos and halted at the village of Jarāo<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7812src" href="#xd24e7812" name="xd24e7812src">86</a> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb360" href="#pb360" name= -"pb360">360</a>]</span>in the Pārāniyā garden. This is -also a very pleasant halting-place, full of trees. On the 6th there was -a march; after proceeding for 4¾ kos I halted on the bank of the -lake of Debālpūr Bheriyā. On account of the pleasantness -of the place and the delights of the lake, I halted at this stage for -four days, and at the end of each day, embarking in a boat, employed -myself in shooting ducks (<i>murg͟hābī</i>) and other -aquatic animals. At this halting-place they brought -<i>fak͟hrī</i> grapes from Ahmadnagar. Although they are not -as large as the Kabul fakhri grapes, they do not yield to them in -sweetness.</p> -<p class="par">At the request of my son Bābā K͟hurram -the mansab of Badīʿu-z-zamān, son of Mīrzā -S͟hāhruk͟h, was fixed at 1,500 personal and 1,000 horse. -On the 11th I marched, and after proceeding for 3¼ kos halted in -the parganah Daulatabad. On the 12th, which was a halt, I rode out to -hunt. In the village of S͟haik͟hūpūr, which -belonged to the said parganah, I saw a very large and bulky -banyan-tree, measuring round its trunk 18½ gaz, and in height -from the root to the top of the branches 128¼ cubits. The -branches spread a shade for 203½ cubits. The length of a branch, -on which they have represented the tusks of an elephant, was 40 gaz. At -the time when my revered father passed by this, he had made an -impression of his hand by way of a mark at the height of 3¾ gaz -from the ground. I ordered them also to make the mark of my hand 8 gaz -above another root. In order that these two hand-marks might not be -effaced in the course of time, they were carved on a piece of marble -and fastened on to the trunk of the tree. I ordered them to place a -<i>chabūtara</i> and platform round the tree.</p> -<p class="par">As at the time when I was prince I had promised Mīr -Ẓiyāʾu-dīn Qazwīnī, who was one of the -Saifī Sayyids, and whom during my reign I have honoured with the -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb361" href="#pb361" name= -"pb361">361</a>]</span>title of Muṣt̤afā -K͟hān, to give the parganah of Maldah, which is a famous -parganah in Bengal, to him and his descendants<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7832src" href="#xd24e7832" name="xd24e7832src">87</a> in -<i>āl tamg͟hā</i> (perpetual royal grant), this great -gift was bestowed in his honour at this halting-place. On the 13th a -march took place. Going separately from this camp to look round the -country and hunt with some of the ladies and intimates and servants, I -proceeded to the village of Ḥāṣilpūr, and whilst -the camp was pitched in the neighbourhood of Nālcha -(Bālchha?) I halted at the village of Sāngor. What shall be -written of the beauty and sweetness of this village? There were many -mango-trees, and its lands were altogether green and delightful. On -account of its greenness and pleasantness I halted here for three days. -I gave this village to Kamāl K͟hān, the huntsman, in -place of Kes͟ho Dās Mārū. An order was passed that -they should hereafter call it Kamālpūr. At this same -halting-place occurred the night of S͟hīvrāt -(Shivrātri). Many Jogis collected. The ceremonies of this night -were duly observed, and I met the learned of this body in social -intercourse. In these days I shot three blue bulls. The news of the -killing of Rāja Mān reached me at this place. I had appointed -him to head the army that had been sent against the fort of -Kāngṛā. When he arrived at Lahore he heard that -Sangrām, one of the zamindars of the hill-country of the Panjab, -had attacked his place and taken possession of part of his province. -Considering it of the first importance to drive him out, he went -against him. As Sangrām had not the power to oppose him, he left -the country of which he had taken possession and took refuge in -difficult hills and places. Rāja Mān pursued him there, and -in his great pride, not looking to the means by which he himself could -advance and retreat, came up to him with <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb362" href="#pb362" name="pb362">362</a>]</span>a small force. When -Sangrām saw that he had no way to flee by, in accordance with this -couplet—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“In time of need when no (way of) flight is -left,</p> -<p class="line">The hand seizes the edge of the sharp -sword.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7845src" href="#xd24e7845" -name="xd24e7845src">88</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">A fight took place, and according to what was -decreed, a bullet struck Rāja Mān and he delivered his soul -to the Creator thereof. His men were defeated and a great number of -them killed. The remainder, wounded, abandoned their horses and arms, -and with a hundred alarms escaped half-dead.</p> -<p class="par">On the 17th I marched from Sāngor, and after -proceeding 3 kos came again to the village of -Ḥāṣilpūr. On the road a blue bull was killed. -This village is one of the noted places in the Subah of Malwa. It has -many vines and mango-trees without number. It has streams flowing on -all sides of it. At the time I arrived there were grapes contrary to -the season in which they are in the Wilāyat (Persia or -Afghanistan). They were so cheap and plentiful that the lowest and -meanest could get as much as they desired. The poppy had flowered and -showed varied colours. In brief, there are few villages so pleasant. -For three days more I halted in this village. Three blue bulls were -killed with my gun. From Ḥāṣilpūr on the 21st in -two marches I rejoined the big camp. On the road a blue bull was -killed. On Sunday, the 22nd, marching from the neighbourhood of -Nālcha (Bālchha?), I pitched at a lake that is at the foot of -the fort of Māndū. On that day the huntsmen brought news that -they had marked down a tiger within 3 kos. Although it was Sunday, and -on these two days, viz. Sunday and Thursday, I do not shoot, it -occurred to me that as it is a noxious animal it ought to be done away -with. I proceeded towards him, and when I arrived at the place it was -sitting <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb363" href="#pb363" name= -"pb363">363</a>]</span>under the shade of a tree. Seeing its mouth, -which was half open, from the back of the elephant, I fired my gun. By -chance it entered its mouth and found a place in its throat and brain, -and its affair was finished with that one shot. After this the people -who were with me, although they looked for the place where the tiger -was wounded, could not find it, for on none of its limbs was there any -sign of a gunshot wound. At last I ordered them to look in its mouth. -From this it was evident that the bullet had entered its mouth and that -it had been killed thereby. Mīrzā Rustam had killed a male -wolf and brought it. I wished to see whether its gall-bladder was in -its liver like that of the tiger, or like other animals outside its -liver. After examination it was clear that the gall-bladder was also -inside the liver. On Monday, the 23rd, when one watch had passed in a -fortunate ascension and a benign hour, I mounted an elephant and -approached the fort of Māndū. When a watch and three gharis -of day had passed, I entered the houses which they had prepared for the -royal accommodation. I scattered 1,500 rupees on the way. From Ajmir to -Māndū, 159 kos, in the space of four months and two days, in -forty-six marches and seventy-eight halts, had been traversed. In these -forty-six marches our halts were made on the banks of tanks or streams -or large rivers in pleasant places which were full of trees and -poppy-fields in flower, and no day passed that I did not hunt while -halting or travelling. Riding on horseback or on an elephant I came -along the whole way looking about and hunting, and none of the -difficulties of travelling were experienced; one might say that there -was a change from one garden to another. In these huntings there were -always present with me Āṣaf K͟hān, Mīrzā -Rustam, Mīr Mīrān, Anīrāʾī, -Hidāyatu-llah, Rāja Sārang Deo, Sayyid Kāsū, -and K͟hawāṣṣ K͟hān. As before the -arrival of the royal standards in these <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb364" href="#pb364" name="pb364">364</a>]</span>regions I had sent -ʿAbdu-l-Karīm, the architect, to look to the repair of the -buildings of the old rulers in Māndū, he during the time the -camp halted at Ajmir had repaired some of the old buildings that were -capable of repair, and had altogether rebuilt some places. In short, he -had made ready a house the like of which for pleasantness and sweetness -has probably not been made anywhere else. Nearly 300,000 rupees, or -2,000 Persian tumans, were expended on this. There should be such grand -buildings in all great cities as might be fit for royal accommodation. -This fort is on the top of a hill 10 kos in circumference; in the rainy -season there is no place with the fine air and pleasantness of this -fort. At nights, in the season of the <i>qalbu-l-asad</i> (Cor leonis -of Regulus, the star <span class="trans" title="a"><span class="Greek" -lang="grc">α</span></span> of Leo), it is so cold that one cannot -do without a coverlet, and by day there is no need for a fan -(<i>bād-zan</i>). They say<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7871src" -href="#xd24e7871" name="xd24e7871src">89</a> that before the time of -Rāja Bikramājīt there was a Raja of the name of Jai -Singh Deo. In his time a man had gone into the fields to bring grass. -While he was cutting it, the sickle he had in his hand appeared to be -of the colour of gold. When he saw that his sickle had been transmuted, -he took it to a blacksmith of the name of Mādan<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e7874src" href="#xd24e7874" name="xd24e7874src">90</a> to be -repaired. The blacksmith knew the sickle had been turned into gold. It -had before this been heard that there was in this country the -alchemist’s stone (<i>sang-i-pāras</i>), by contact with -which iron and copper became gold. He immediately took the grass-cutter -with him to that place and procured the stone. After this he brought to -the Raja of the time this priceless jewel. The Raja by means of this -stone made gold, and spent part of it on the buildings of this fort -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb365" href="#pb365" name= -"pb365">365</a>]</span>and completed them in the space of twelve years. -At the desire of that blacksmith he caused them to cut into the shape -of an anvil most of the stones that were to be built into the wall of -the fort. At the end of his life, when his heart had given up the -world, he held an assembly on the bank of the Narbada, which is an -object of worship among the Hindus, and, assembling brahmins, made -presents to each of cash and jewels. When the turn of a brahmin came -who had long been associated with him, he gave this stone into his -hand. He from ignorance became angry and threw the priceless jewel into -the river. After he came to know the true state of the affair he was a -captive to perpetual sorrow. However much he searched, no trace of it -was found. These things are not written in a book; they have been -heard, but my intelligence in no way accepts this story. It appears to -me to be all delusion. Māndū<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7888src" href="#xd24e7888" name="xd24e7888src">91</a> is one of -the famous Sarkars of the Subah of Malwa. Its revenue is 1,390,000 -dams. It was for a long time the capital of the kings of this country. -There are many buildings and traces of former kings in it, and up till -now it has not fallen into ruin.</p> -<p class="par">On the 24th I rode to go round and see the buildings of -the old kings, and went first to the Jāmiʿ mosque, which is -one built by Sult̤ān Hūs͟hang -G͟hūrī. A very lofty building came to view, all of cut -stone, and although 180 years have passed since the time of its -building, it is as if the builder had just withdrawn his hand from it. -After this I went to the building containing the tombs of the -K͟haljī rulers. The grave of Naṣīru-d-dīn, -son of Sult̤ān G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn, whose -face is blackened for ever, was also there. It is well known that that -wretch advanced himself by the murder of his own father, -G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn, who was in his 80th year. Twice -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb366" href="#pb366" name= -"pb366">366</a>]</span>he gave him poison, and he twice expelled it by -means of a <i>zahr-muhra</i> (poison antidote, bezoar) he had on his -arm. The third time he mixed poison in a cup of sherbet and gave it to -his father with his own hand, saying he must drink it. As his father -understood what efforts he was making in this matter, he loosened the -zahr-muhra from his arm and threw it before him, and then turning his -face in humility and supplication towards the throne of the Creator, -who requires no supplication, said: “O Lord, my age has arrived -at 80 years, and I have passed this time in prosperity and happiness -such as has been attained to by no king. Now as this is my last time, I -hope that Thou wilt not seize Naṣīr for my murder, and that -reckoning my death as a thing decreed Thou wilt not avenge it.” -After he had spoken these words, he drank off that poisoned cup of -sherbet at a gulp and delivered his soul to the Creator. The meaning of -his preamble was that he had passed the time of his reign in enjoyment -such as has not been attained to by any of the kings. When in his 48th -year he came to the throne, he said to his intimates and those near -him, “In the service of my revered father I have passed thirty -years in warfare and have committed no fault in my activity as a -soldier; now that my turn to reign has arrived, I have no intention to -conquer countries, but desire to pass the remainder of my life in ease -and enjoyment.” They say that he had collected 15,000 women in -his harem. He had a whole city of them, and had made it up of all -castes, kinds, and descriptions—artificers, magistrates, qazis, -kotwals, and whatever else is necessary for the administration of a -town. Wherever he heard of a virgin possessed of beauty, he would not -desist (lit. did not sit down from his feet) until he possessed her. He -taught the girls all kinds of arts and crafts, and was much inclined to -hunt. He had made a deer park and collected all kinds of animals in it. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb367" href="#pb367" name= -"pb367">367</a>]</span>He often used to hunt in it with his women. In -brief, in the period of thirty-two years of his reign, as he had -determined, he went against no enemy, and passed this time in ease and -enjoyment. In the same way no one invaded his country. It is reported -that when S͟hīr K͟hān, the Afghan, in the time of -his rule, came to the tomb of Naṣīru-d-dīn, he, in -spite of his brutish nature, on account of -Naṣīru-d-dīn’s shameful conduct, ordered the head -of the tomb to be beaten with sticks. Also when I went to his tomb I -gave it several kicks, and ordered the servants in attendance on me to -kick the tomb. Not satisfied with this, I ordered the tomb to be broken -open and his impure remains to be thrown into the fire. Then it -occurred to me that since fire is Light, it was a pity for the Light of -Allah to be polluted with burning his filthy body; also, lest there -should be any diminution of torture for him in another state from being -thus burnt, I ordered them to throw his crumbled bones, together with -his decayed limbs, into the Narbada. During his lifetime he always -passed his days in the water in consequence of the heat that had -acquired a mastery over his temperament. It is well known that in a -state of drunkenness he once threw himself into one of the basins at -Kāliyādaha, which was very deep. Some of the attendants in -the harem exerted themselves and caught his hair in their hands and -drew him out of the water. After he had come to his senses they told -him that this thing had happened. When he had heard that they had -pulled him out by the hair of his head, he became exceedingly angry, -and ordered the hands of the attendants to be cut off. Another time, -when an affair of this kind took place, no one had the boldness to pull -him out and he was drowned. By chance, after 110 years had passed since -his death, it came to pass that his decayed limbs also became mingled -with the water. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb368" href="#pb368" -name="pb368">368</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">On the 28th, as a reward for the buildings of -Māndū having been completed through his excellent exertions, -I promoted ʿAbdu-l-Karīm to the rank of 800 personal and 400 -horse, and dignified him with the title of Maʿmūr -K͟hān (the architect-K͟hān). On the same day that -the royal standards entered the fort of Māndū, my son of -lofty fortune, Sult̤ān K͟hurram, with the victorious -army, entered the city of Burhanpur, which is the seat of the governor -of the province of Khandesh.</p> -<p class="par">After some days, representations came from Afẓal -K͟hān and the Rāy Rāyān, to whom at the time -of leaving Ajmir my son had given leave to accompany the ambassador to -ʿĀdil K͟hān, reporting that when the news of our -coming reached ʿĀdil K͟hān he came out for 7 kos to -meet the order and the litter of the prince, and performed the duties -of salutation and respect which are customary at Court. He did not omit -a hair’s point of such ceremonies. At the same interview he -professed the greatest loyalty, and promised that he would restore all -those provinces that ʿAmbar of dark fate had taken from the -victorious State, and agreed to send to the Court with all reverence a -fitting offering with his ambassadors. After saying this he brought the -ambassadors in all dignity to the place that had been prepared for -them. On the same day he sent some one to ʿAmbar with a message of -the matters it was necessary to acquaint him with. I heard this news -from the reports of Afẓal K͟hān and the Rāy -Rāyān.</p> -<p class="par">From Ajmir up to Monday, the 23rd of the -aforesaid<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7908src" href="#xd24e7908" name= -"xd24e7908src">92</a> month, during four months, 2 tigers, 27 blue -bulls, 6 <i>chītal</i> (spotted deer), 60 deer, 23 hares and -foxes, and 1,200 water-fowl and other animals had been killed. On these -nights I told the story of my former hunting expeditions and the liking -I had for this occupation to <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb369" href= -"#pb369" name="pb369">369</a>]</span>those standing at the foot of the -throne of the Caliphate. It occurred to me that I might make up the -account of my game from the commencement of my years of discretion up -to the present time. I accordingly gave orders to the news-writers, the -hunt-accountants and huntsmen, and others employed in this service to -make enquiries and tell me of all the animals that had been killed in -hunting. It was shown that from the commencement of my 12th year, which -was in 988 (1580), up to the end of this year, which is the 11th year -after my accession and my 50th lunar year, 28,532 head of game had been -taken in my presence. Of these, 17,167 animals I killed myself with my -gun or otherwise, viz.: Quadrupeds, 3,203; viz., tigers, 86; bears, -cheetahs, foxes, otters (<i>ūdbilāo</i>), and hyænas, -9; blue bulls, 889; <i>mhāka</i>, a species of antelope, in size -equal to a blue bull, 35 head; of antelope, male and female, -<i>chikāra</i>, <i>chītal</i>, mountain goats, etc., -1,670<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7929src" href="#xd24e7929" name= -"xd24e7929src">93</a>; rams (<i>qūj</i>) and red deer, 215; -wolves, 64; wild buffaloes, 36; pigs, 90; <i>rang</i>, 26; mountain -sheep, 22; <i>arg͟halī</i>, 32; wild asses, 6; hares, 23. -Birds, 13,964; viz., pigeons, 10,348; <i>lagaṛjhagaṛ</i> (a -species of hawk), 3; eagles, 2; <i>qalīwāj</i> -(<i>g͟halīwāj</i>, kite), 23; owls -(<i>chug͟hd</i>), 39; <i>qautān</i> (goldfinch?), 12; kites -(<i>mūs͟h-khwur</i>, mice-eaters), 5; sparrows, 41; doves, -25; owls (<i>būm</i>), 30; ducks, geese, cranes, etc., 150; crows, -3,276. Aquatic animals, 10 <i>magar machha</i>, that is, -crocodiles<a class="noteref" id="xd24e7967src" href="#xd24e7967" name= -"xd24e7967src">94</a> (<i>nahang</i>). <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb370" href="#pb370" name="pb370">370</a>]</span></p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6912" href="#xd24e6912src" name="xd24e6912">1</a></span> Text, -<i>k͟hūd-hunarkārī</i>, ‘his own -workmanship,’ but the MSS. have -<i>k͟hūd-sarkārī</i>. See also -Iqbāl-nāma, p. 87, which says that Jamālu-d-dīn had -had it made in Bījāpūr. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6912src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6921" href="#xd24e6921src" name="xd24e6921">2</a></span> Really a -topaz. Tavernier points out that the natives call various precious -stones rubies, distinguishing them by their colour. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e6921src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6952" href="#xd24e6952src" name="xd24e6952">3</a></span> Text, -<i>ba-andāza-i-muʿtād-i-man</i>, ‘of capacity -corresponding to my custom.’ Presumably it was a drinking-cup, -and held Jahāngīr’s customary potation. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e6952src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6970" href="#xd24e6970src" name="xd24e6970">4</a></span> -<i>Ḥalqa ba-gūshān.</i> Apparently referring to his -being one of those who bored their ears in imitation of -Jahāngīr. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6970src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6979" href="#xd24e6979src" name="xd24e6979">5</a></span> The text -is corrupt. The true reading seems to be <i>ṣad -dāna-i-kīs͟h</i>, ‘one hundred pieces of -muslin’ (?). I.O. 181 seems to have <i>kabs͟h</i>, -‘rams’. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6979src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e6995" href="#xd24e6995src" name="xd24e6995">6</a></span> Here -follow two unintelligible words, <i>Pagāna -Bankāna</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e6995src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7029" href="#xd24e7029src" name="xd24e7029">7</a></span> Perhaps -this should be <i>fag͟hfūrī</i>, -‘porcelain.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7029src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7037" href="#xd24e7037src" name="xd24e7037">8</a></span> -<i>Jauhar-dār</i>, defined by Vullers as bone or wood bearing -veins, i.e. striated. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7037src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7043" href="#xd24e7043src" name="xd24e7043">9</a></span> See -Akbar-nāma, ii, 315. It was sent before Jahāngīr was -born. It, too, was an African elephant. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7043src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7046" href="#xd24e7046src" name="xd24e7046">10</a></span> Here -the two words referred to at note 2 on p. 321 are -repeated. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e7046src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7054" href="#xd24e7054src" name="xd24e7054">11</a></span> -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā. i, 736. K͟hān -ʿĀlam’s name was Mīrzā -Bark͟hūrdār. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7054src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7059" href="#xd24e7059src" name="xd24e7059">12</a></span> This -seems wrong; the number of horse would probably not be -reduced. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e7059src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7068" href="#xd24e7068src" name="xd24e7068">13</a></span> So in -text, but No. 181 has 600, and this is more likely, for the number of -horse is never, I think, larger than the <i>zāt</i> -rank. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e7068src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7074" href="#xd24e7074src" name="xd24e7074">14</a></span> I.O. -MSS. have 18th. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7074src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7080" href="#xd24e7080src" name="xd24e7080">15</a></span> I.O. -MSS. have 20th. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7080src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7085" href="#xd24e7085src" name="xd24e7085">16</a></span> The two -I.O. MSS. have the following sentence here: “On this day it -happened that however much I tried to write, my heart and hand would -not act. Whenever I seized the pen my condition altered. At last I had -to tell Iʿtimādu-d-daulah to write.” <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7085src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7089" href="#xd24e7089src" name="xd24e7089">17</a></span> This -sentence is not in the I.O. MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7089src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7095" href="#xd24e7095src" name="xd24e7095">18</a></span> Here -comes the passage which the two I.O. MSS. enter higher -up. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e7095src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7100" href="#xd24e7100src" name="xd24e7100">19</a></span> I.O. -MS. 181 has “writes that on the 11th,” etc. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7100src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7103" href="#xd24e7103src" name="xd24e7103">20</a></span> The -I.O. MSS. add here “of the 11th year.” <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7103src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7106" href="#xd24e7106src" name="xd24e7106">21</a></span> -Probably this is the Chimnī Begam, a daughter of S͟hāh -Jahān, whose grave is near that of the saint K͟hwāja -Muʿīnu-d-dīn Chis͟htī (“Rajputana -Gazetteer,” ii, 62). Probably Chimnī should be Chamanī, -which means ‘verdant’ and comes from <i>chaman</i>, a -garden. Perhaps she died of smallpox. It was in the -summer. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e7106src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7121" href="#xd24e7121src" name="xd24e7121">22</a></span> -Apparently the reference is to the parents of the child and to the -grandfather, that is, the writer of this notice. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7121src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7124" href="#xd24e7124src" name="xd24e7124">23</a></span> I.O. -MSS. have Monday, the 6th Tīr, and say that Jahāngīr -went to Chas͟hma-i-Nūr on the 9th, which they say was a -Thursday. And we see later that Jahāngīr speaks of Saturday -as the 11th. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7124src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7131" href="#xd24e7131src" name="xd24e7131">24</a></span> The -word ‘dagger’ is omitted in the text. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7131src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7136" href="#xd24e7136src" name="xd24e7136">25</a></span> I.O. -MSS. have <i>bar daur</i>, ‘round.’ <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e7136src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7148" href="#xd24e7148src" name="xd24e7148">26</a></span> Elliot, -vi, 346. There is a better account of the plague in the -Iqbāl-nāma, pp. 88, 89. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7148src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7151" href="#xd24e7151src" name="xd24e7151">27</a></span> The -words are <i>dar wilāyat</i>, and may mean ‘any -country’ or ‘any foreign country.’ <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7151src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7162" href="#xd24e7162src" name="xd24e7162">28</a></span> The son -of the historian Niz̤āmu-d-dīn. Sir T. Roe refers to -this affair. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7162src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7173" href="#xd24e7173src" name="xd24e7173">29</a></span> Text -<i>Anand</i>, but this makes no sense. The I.O. MSS. have <i>amba</i>, -mangoes, and though the remark seems abrupt this is no doubt the -correct reading. Jahāngīr was particularly fond of mangoes, -and perhaps he is here playing on the similarity between the words -<i>amba</i> and <i>anand</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7173src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7188" href="#xd24e7188src" name="xd24e7188">30</a></span> In -Sarkār Sahāranpur (Jarrett, ii, 292). It is now in the -Muz̤affarnagar district (I.G., vii, 308). <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e7188src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7193" href="#xd24e7193src" name="xd24e7193">31</a></span> -“It is a pity that no trace of these is left at Agra. Had there -been, they would have been the wonder of the age” (note of Sayyid -Aḥmad). Perhaps they are the two figures which have generally -been supposed to have been put up by Akbar and to represent Chitor -heroes. The word <i>tarkīb</i> in the text may mean that they were -mounted statues. But then the description of them as marble statues -would be wrong. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7193src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7214" href="#xd24e7214src" name="xd24e7214">32</a></span> Text -has <i>gūsfand-i-nar</i>, ‘a ram,’ but the MSS. have -<i>gūsfand u bar</i>, or buz, and it is evident that the true -reading is ‘a sheep, a goat.’ See Blochmann, p. 266, where -goats are mentioned among the animals distributed by Akbar. The number -of animals distributed corresponded with the years of -Jahāngīr’s age (48) multiplied by 3, and so would be 48 -× 3 = 144 (see Blochmann, l.c.). The weight of Jahāngīr -was 6,514 tulchas, and Blochmann (p. 267, n.) takes this to be the same -as tolas, and estimates Jahāngīr’s weight at -210½ lb. troy or 15 stone. Probably this is excessive, and his -weight might be 82 sir or about 2 maunds, i.e. 164 lb. or 11½ -stone. The perfumes against which he was weighed were ambergris, not -amber (which has no scent), <i>ʿūd</i>, i.e. lignum aloes, -and <i>bān</i> (not <i>pān</i> as in text), which apparently -is the same as <i>lubān</i>, ‘frankincense’ (see the -chapter on perfumes in Blochmann, p. 77). I am not sure of the meaning -of the phrase <i>ba-dast nihāda</i>. The MSS. have not the -preposition <i>ba</i>. Perhaps the meaning is ‘put them into the -hands of the fakirs.’ Jahāngīr was born on the 18th -S͟hahrīwar, 977 = 31st August, 1569. The weighings described -in the text took place on the 26th S͟hahrīwar. Perhaps this -was because his birthday was on the 24th S͟hahrīwar according -to the Jalālī year. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7214src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7257" href="#xd24e7257src" name="xd24e7257">33</a></span> -Generally written <i>tag͟hma</i>, ‘a badge of honour,’ -‘a medal,’ etc. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7257src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7264" href="#xd24e7264src" name="xd24e7264">34</a></span> See -Tūzuk, p. 11, Blochmann, p. 482, and -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, iii, 355<span class="corr" id= -"xd24e7266" title="Not in source">.</span> The statement at Tūzuk, -p. 11, about Delhi seems a mistake, and is not in the MSS. -Mīrzā ʿAlī came from Badakhshan. He is frequently -mentioned in vol. iii of the Akbar-nāma. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e7264src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7275" href="#xd24e7275src" name="xd24e7275">35</a></span> This is -the same phrase as, according to the MSS., occurs at p. 11. Apparently -the <i>ulūs</i> referred to is the Timuride family to which -Jahāngīr belonged. It is connected with Mīrzā -ʿAlī’s title of -Akbars͟hāhī. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7275src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7281" href="#xd24e7281src" name="xd24e7281">36</a></span> See in -Blochmann, l.c., the affecting story of his death. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7281src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7296" href="#xd24e7296src" name="xd24e7296">37</a></span> This -letter being of the usual Persian style, and having nothing to do with -Jahāngīr’s history, is omitted. It relates to the -sending of Muḥammad Ḥusain Chelebī with presents to -the emperor, and to the offering his services for the purchase of -jewels, etc. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7296src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7301" href="#xd24e7301src" name="xd24e7301">38</a></span> Text -20th Ābān, but the MSS. have 8th, and this is clearly right. -By the latter part of the sentence Jahāngīr means that -S͟hāh Jahān was to start first, and that he himself was -to leave afterwards. The “auspicious palace” referred to in -the next sentence is apparently S͟hāh Jahān’s -establishment. Jahāngīr did not leave for about a fortnight. -Though S͟hāh Jahān and the establishment -(<i>daulat-k͟hāna-i-humāyūn</i>) made a start on -the 8th or 9th Ābān, he did not finally leave till the 20th -Ābān. See <i>infra</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7301src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7315" href="#xd24e7315src" name="xd24e7315">39</a></span> Author -of Iqbāl-nāma. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7315src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7322" href="#xd24e7322src" name="xd24e7322">40</a></span> -‘Of body like Krishna, or like a flute’? <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7322src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7325" href="#xd24e7325src" name="xd24e7325">41</a></span> -According to Roe, it was not the English carriage, but a copy. Perhaps -Jahāngīr had the original carriage and S͟hāh -Jahān the copy. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7325src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7336" href="#xd24e7336src" name="xd24e7336">42</a></span> Elliot, -vi, 346. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e7336src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7352" href="#xd24e7352src" name="xd24e7352">43</a></span> The day -was Saturday, not Tuesday, and it is Saturday in the -MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e7352src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7355" href="#xd24e7355src" name="xd24e7355">44</a></span> Elliot -has Deo Rānī, and it is Deo Rānī in I.O. MS. -305. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e7355src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7371" href="#xd24e7371src" name="xd24e7371">45</a></span> -Jahāngīr arrived in Ajmir on the 26th Ābān, 1022, -and left it on the 21st Ābān, 1025. The Muhammadan dates are -5th S͟hawwāl, 1022, and 1st Ẕī-l-qaʿda, 1025 -= 18th November, 1613, and 10th November, 1616. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e7371src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7376" href="#xd24e7376src" name="xd24e7376">46</a></span> Text -<i>tar</i>, but MSS. have <i>abtar</i>, i.e. inferior and perhaps low -land. The text seems corrupt. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7376src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7385" href="#xd24e7385src" name="xd24e7385">47</a></span> MSS. -have 86,500 horse and 347,000 foot, and this agrees with the -Āyīn (Jarrett, ii, 272). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7385src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7388" href="#xd24e7388src" name="xd24e7388">48</a></span> Text -wrongly has Nīl. The tank in question is the Bīsalya tank of -the Rajputana Gazetteer, ii, 4, which was made by Bīsal Deo -Chohān about 1050 <span class="sc">A.D.</span> It is described in -Tod’s “Personal Narrative,” i, 824, of Calcutta -reprint. It is, or was, about 8 miles in circumference and is about a -mile west of the Ānāsāgar, which was made by Bīsal -Deo’s grandson. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7388src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7406" href="#xd24e7406src" name="xd24e7406">49</a></span> About -20 miles south-east of Ajmir. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7406src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7415" href="#xd24e7415src" name="xd24e7415">50</a></span> This is -the name of a water-bird in Turkī. It is also called -<i>māg͟h</i> and water-crow -(<i>zāg͟h-i-āb</i>), and in Hindī -<i>jalkawā</i> (note of Sayyid Aḥmad). <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7415src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7427" href="#xd24e7427src" name="xd24e7427">51</a></span> -Probably the meaning is that he allowed those who wished to drink to do -so. Many, or at least some, would be abstainers. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7427src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7435" href="#xd24e7435src" name="xd24e7435">52</a></span> -Namūda in MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7435src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7439" href="#xd24e7439src" name="xd24e7439">53</a></span> -Sahāl in MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7439src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7447" href="#xd24e7447src" name="xd24e7447">54</a></span> In -Sarkār Marosor (Jarrett, ii, 208). It was in Malwa. But the I.O. -MSS. have Nauda. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7447src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7453" href="#xd24e7453src" name="xd24e7453">55</a></span> Text -Ūdaipūr, but this was not on the border of the -Rānā’s territory, and the MSS. have -Dūdpūr. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7453src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7462" href="#xd24e7462src" name="xd24e7462">56</a></span> Perhaps -the Toda of Sir T. Roe. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7462src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7474" href="#xd24e7474src" name="xd24e7474">57</a></span> -Lyāsa in MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7474src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7480" href="#xd24e7480src" name="xd24e7480">58</a></span> Son of -Niz̤āmu-d-dīn the historian. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e7480src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7483" href="#xd24e7483src" name="xd24e7483">59</a></span> -Gorāna in MSS. and the distance 2¼ kos and 1 -<i>jarīb</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7483src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7489" href="#xd24e7489src" name="xd24e7489">60</a></span> 23rd in -MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e7489src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7492" href="#xd24e7492src" name="xd24e7492">61</a></span> -Mānpūr in text. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7492src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7498" href="#xd24e7498src" name="xd24e7498">62</a></span> MSS. -2,000 rupees. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7498src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7501" href="#xd24e7501src" name="xd24e7501">63</a></span> Perhaps -Kānha Dās. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7501src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7519" href="#xd24e7519src" name="xd24e7519">64</a></span> Should -be Fatḥ-jang as in MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7519src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7525" href="#xd24e7525src" name="xd24e7525">65</a></span> -Jarrett, ii, 195. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7525src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7531" href="#xd24e7531src" name="xd24e7531">66</a></span> The -name seems to be wrong. Jahāngīr is evidently copying from -the Āyīn, and the rivers mentioned there (Jarrett, ii, 195) -are the Narbada, Sipra, Kālīsindh, Betwa, and the Kodī -(or Godī). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7531src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7534" href="#xd24e7534src" name="xd24e7534">67</a></span> 29,668 -(Jarrett, ii. 198). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7534src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7539" href="#xd24e7539src" name="xd24e7539">68</a></span> The -MSS. also have sweet pomegranates from Yezd, and sub-acid -(<i>may-k͟hwus͟h</i>) ones from Farāh, and pears from -Badakhshan (see Elliot, vi, 348). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7539src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7548" href="#xd24e7548src" name="xd24e7548">69</a></span> The -MSS. have -<i>k͟hāṣṣa-i-s͟harīfa</i>. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e7548src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7558" href="#xd24e7558src" name="xd24e7558">70</a></span> Qu. -<i>komla</i>? Instead of <i>qābiltar</i> the MSS. have -<i>māʾiltar</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7558src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7593" href="#xd24e7593src" name="xd24e7593">71</a></span> -<i>Pahnāʾī.</i> Its area or shade. Perhaps the -175½ are yards, not cubits. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7593src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7600" href="#xd24e7600src" name="xd24e7600">72</a></span> -Evidently the four-horned antelope, the <i>Tetracerus quadricornis</i> -of Blanford, p. 520, and which has the Hindustani name of <i>doda</i>. -Blanford describes its colour as dull pale brown. “The posterior -horns are much larger than the anterior ones, which are situated -between the orbits and are often mere knobs. It is the only Indian -representative of the <i>duikarbok</i> of Africa. Another Indian name -is <i>chausingha</i>. In jungle this species and the hog-deer may -easily be mistaken the one for the other. It is not gregarious, and -moves with a peculiar jerky action.” The resemblance between the -four-horned antelope and the hog-deer—the <i>kūtāh -pāycha</i> or short-legged deer of Bābar and -Jahāngīr—may account for Blanford’s giving -<i>doda</i> as a native name for the hog-deer (<i>Cervus porcinus</i>). -For Bābar’s description of the <i>kūtāh -pāya</i> or <i>pāycha</i> see Erskine, p. 317. Gladwin in his -history of Jahāngīr writes the native name as -<i>Dirdhayan</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7600src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7646" href="#xd24e7646src" name="xd24e7646">73</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 493. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7646src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7652" href="#xd24e7652src" name="xd24e7652">74</a></span> Text, -<i>k͟hurmā</i>, a date, but evidently the -<i>k͟hurmā-i-Hind</i> or the tamarind, i.e. ‘the palm -of India,’ is meant (see Bābar’s Mem., Erskine, p. -324). I do not understand the measurements. The word <i>yak</i>, -‘one,’ before the word <i>s͟hāk͟h</i> is not -in the MSS. and is, I think, wrong. I think the 16 gaz and 15½ -gaz are the lengths of the two branches, and that the measurements -2½ and 2¾ gaz refer to the length and circumference of -the two branches at the place when they started from the trunk and -before they put out leaves. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7652src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7673" href="#xd24e7673src" name="xd24e7673">75</a></span> Hindwas -or Hindāwas in MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7673src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7679" href="#xd24e7679src" name="xd24e7679">76</a></span> This is -in accordance with and probably derived from Bābar’s -Commentaries, Erskine, p. 51, where he says that 1,584 years have -elapsed from the time when Bikramājīt made his observatory. -Erskine takes this to show that Bābar was writing in 934, and if -we add 92 years, or the difference between 934 and 1026, we get 1,676 -years (or 1,675 if we take the year to be 1025). <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7679src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7682" href="#xd24e7682src" name="xd24e7682">77</a></span> See -Jarrett, ii, 196. Abū-l-faẓl says there that the flow -occurred a week before his arrival at Ujjain. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e7682src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7688" href="#xd24e7688src" name="xd24e7688">78</a></span> Cf. -Jarrett, ii, 196. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7688src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7691" href="#xd24e7691src" name="xd24e7691">79</a></span> -<i>Sanyāsī-i-murtāẓ.</i> <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e7691src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7698" href="#xd24e7698src" name="xd24e7698">80</a></span> Text, -<i>miḥrābī-s͟hakl uftāda</i>, ‘a place -like a prayer-niche.’ Possibly the true reading is <i>majrā -bī-s͟hakl uftāda</i>, ‘a passage without -form.’ However, the MSS. have <i>miḥrāb</i>. The -account in the text may be compared with the -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, i, 574, and with the -Iqbāl-nāma, p. 94. The measurements of the mouth of the hole -in the Maʾās̤ir are taken from the Iqbāl-nāma, -and differ from the account in the Tūzuk. The -Maʾās̤ir, following the Iqbāl-nāma, calls the -ascetic Achhad or Ajhad. It also gives his subsequent history. He went -to Mathura and was there cruelly beaten by Ḥākim Beg. -Jahāngīr’s visit to Jadrūp is referred to by Sir -Thomas Roe, who mentions a report that the saint was said to be 300 -years old. Jahāngīr does not say any such -nonsense. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e7698src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7731" href="#xd24e7731src" name="xd24e7731">81</a></span> See -Jarrett, iii, 271, etc. The Sanskrit word is Āsrama, or -Ās͟hrama. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7731src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7747" href="#xd24e7747src" name="xd24e7747">82</a></span> Left -shoulder in Āyīn. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7747src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7768" href="#xd24e7768src" name="xd24e7768">83</a></span> -Sanskrit, Vānaprastha. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7768src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7771" href="#xd24e7771src" name="xd24e7771">84</a></span> Text -<i>qat̤ʿī dar miyān ālat nihāda</i>, but -apparently this should be <i>ālat qat̤ʿ ba miyān -nihāda</i>: that is, “<span lang="la">membrum virile in -involucris reponens</span>.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7771src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7798" href="#xd24e7798src" name="xd24e7798">85</a></span> Text, -<i>sarb biyāsī</i>, which may mean ‘distributing -everything.’ The Iqbāl-nāma, p. 96, has <i>sarb -nāsī</i>, ‘destroying everything.’ <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7798src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7812" href="#xd24e7812src" name="xd24e7812">86</a></span> I.O. -MS. No. 306 says nothing about a garden, but speaks of a village -Khirwār and of halting under a mango-tree. Nor does No. 305 -mention a garden. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7812src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7832" href="#xd24e7832src" name="xd24e7832">87</a></span> Cf. -Elliot, vi, 348. The MSS. say nothing about two sons. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7832src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7845" href="#xd24e7845src" name="xd24e7845">88</a></span> From -the “Gulistān.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7845src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7871" href="#xd24e7871src" name="xd24e7871">89</a></span> Cf. -Jarrett, ii, 197. The story is also told with many more details in -Price’s Jahāngīr, p. 108 etc. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e7871src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7874" href="#xd24e7874src" name="xd24e7874">90</a></span> Text, -<i>Mādan</i>. But the name is <i>Māndan</i>, as MS. No. 181 -and the Āyīn-i-Akbarī (Jarrett, ii, 197) show. The -legend is intended to show how Māndū got its name (see also -Tiefenthaler, i, 353). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7874src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7888" href="#xd24e7888src" name="xd24e7888">91</a></span> Elliot, -vi. 348. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e7888src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7908" href="#xd24e7908src" name="xd24e7908">92</a></span> Monday, -the 23rd Isfandārmuẕ, the day on which he reached -Māndū. It was about the 6th March, 1617. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e7908src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7929" href="#xd24e7929src" name="xd24e7929">93</a></span> The -MSS. have 1,672. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7929src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e7967" href="#xd24e7967src" name="xd24e7967">94</a></span> See -Elliot, vi, 351 and 362, note. Jahāngīr only gives details of -the 17,167 animals killed by himself. The <i>mhāka</i> is possibly -a clerical error for <i>mār-k͟hwur</i>. The text says it is -allied to the <i>gawazn</i>, but the MSS. have <i>gūr</i>, a wild -ass. The details of the quadrupeds come to 3,203, the total stated by -Jahāngīr. The details of the birds come to 13,954, but the 10 -crocodiles bring up the figures to 13,964, and the total 3,203 + 13,964 -comes to the 17,167 mentioned. It has been suggested to me that the -<i>mhāka</i> of the text is the <i>mahā</i> or swamp-deer of -the Terai, <i>Rucervus Duvaucelli</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e7967src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="yr12" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e787">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">The Twelfth New Year’s Feast after my auspicious -accession.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">One ghari of day remained of Monday, the 30th of -the aforesaid (Isfandīyār) month, corresponding to the 12th -Rabīʿu-l-awwal, 1026 (20th March, 1617), when the sun changed -from the constellation of Pisces into the pleasure-house of Aries, -which is his abode of honour and good fortune. At the very time of -transit, which was a fortunate hour, I sat upon the throne. I had -ordered that according to the usual custom they should decorate the -public audience hall with fine cloths, etc. Notwithstanding that many -of the Amirs and chief men of the State were in attendance on my son -K͟hurram, a meeting was arranged which was not inferior to those -of previous years. I presented the offerings of Tuesday<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e8003src" href="#xd24e8003" name="xd24e8003src">1</a> -to Ānand K͟hān. On the same day, which was the 1st -Farwardīn of the 12th year (21st or 22nd March, 1617) a -representation arrived from S͟hāh K͟hurram to the effect -that the New Year’s festival had been arranged for in the same -manner as in previous years, but as the days of travelling and service -had occurred the annual offerings of the servants would be remitted. -This proceeding of my son was much approved. Remembering my dear son in -my prayers, I besought for him from the throne of Allah his welfare in -both worlds, and ordered that on this New Year’s Day no one -should present offerings.</p> -<p class="par">In consequence of the disturbance that tobacco brings -about in most temperaments and constitutions, I had ordered that no one -should smoke it (lit. draw). My brother S͟hāh -ʿAbbās had also become aware of the mischief arising from it, -and had ordered that in Iran no one should venture to smoke. As -K͟hān ʿĀlam <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb371" -href="#pb371" name="pb371">371</a>]</span>(ambassador to Persia) was -without control in continual smoking of tobacco, he frequently -practised it. Yādgār ʿAlī Sult̤ān, -ambassador of the ruler of Iran, represented to S͟hāh -ʿAbbās that K͟hān ʿĀlam could never be a -moment without tobacco, and he (S͟hāh ʿAbbās) wrote -this couplet in answer—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“The friend’s envoy wishes to exhibit -tobacco;</p> -<p class="line">With fidelity’s lamp I light up the -tobacco-market.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">K͟hān ʿĀlam in answer wrote -and sent this verse—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“I, poor wretch, was miserable at the tobacco -notice;</p> -<p class="line">By the just Shah’s favour the tobacco-market -became brisk.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">On the 3rd of the same month, Ḥusain Beg, -the diwan of Bengal, had the good fortune to kiss the threshold, and -made an offering of twelve elephants, male and female. -T̤āhir, bakhshi of Bengal, who had been accused of several -offences, obtained the favour of paying his respects to me, and -presented before me an offering of twenty-one elephants. Twelve of -these were approved and the remainder I conferred on him. On this day a -wine-feast was arranged, and I gave wine to most of the servants who -were engaged in waiting on me, and made them all heated with the wine -of loyalty. On the 4th the huntsmen sent news that they had marked down -a lion in the neighbourhood of the Shakkar<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8027src" href="#xd24e8027" name="xd24e8027src">2</a> tank, which -is inside the fort and one of the famous constructions of the rulers of -Malwa. I at once mounted and went towards that game. When the lion -appeared he charged the ahadis and the retinue and wounded ten<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e8030src" href="#xd24e8030" name="xd24e8030src">3</a> -or twelve of them. At last I finished his business with three -shots<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8033src" href="#xd24e8033" name= -"xd24e8033src">4</a> (lit. arrows) from my gun, and removed his evil -from the servants of God. On the 8th the mansab of Mīr -Mīrān, which was 1,000 personal and 400 horse, was -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb372" href="#pb372" name= -"pb372">372</a>]</span>fixed at 1,500 personal and 500 horse. On the -9th, at the request of my son K͟hurram, I increased the mansab of -K͟hān Jahān by 1,000 personal and horse, making it thus -6,000 personal and horse; that of Yaʿqūb K͟hān, -which was 1,500 personal with 1,000 horse, was made 2,000 personal and -1,500 horse; that of Bahlūl K͟hān Miyāna<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e8041src" href="#xd24e8041" name="xd24e8041src">5</a> -was increased by 500 personal and 300 horse to 1,500 personal and 1,000 -horse; and that of Mīrzā S͟harafu-d-dīn -Kās͟hg͟harī, by whom and his son great bravery had -been shown in the Deccan, was increased to 1,500 personal and 1,000 -horse. On the 10th Farwardīn, corresponding with the 22nd -Rabīʿu-l-awwal, 1026, my lunar weighing took place. On this -day two ʿIraq horses from my private stable and a dress of honour -were conferred on my son K͟hurram and sent to him by Bahrām -Beg. I increased the mansab of Iʿtibār K͟hān to -5,000 personal and 3,000 horse. On the 11th, Ḥusain Beg, of -Tabriz, whom the ruler of Iran had sent to the ruler of Golconda by way -of embassy, as, in consequence of the quarrel of the Franks with the -Persians, the road of the Mīr had been closed,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e8045src" href="#xd24e8045" name="xd24e8045src">6</a> waited -upon me with the ambassador of the ruler of Golconda. Offerings came -from him of two horses and some <i>tuqūz</i><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8056src" href="#xd24e8056" name="xd24e8056src">7</a> -(nine-pieces?) of cloth from the Deccan and Gujarat. On the same day an -ʿIraq horse from my private stable was bestowed on K͟hān -Jahān. On the 15th, 1,000 personal were added to the mansab of -Mīrzā Rāja Bhāo Singh, raising it to 5,000 personal -and 3,000 horse. On the 17th, 500 horse were added to the mansab of -Mīrzā Rustam, and I made it up to 5,000 personal and 1,000 -horse; that of Sādiq K͟hān was fixed at 1,500 personal -and 700 horse, original and increase; Irādat K͟hān in -the same manner was raised to the mansab of 1,500 and <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb373" href="#pb373" name="pb373">373</a>]</span>600 -horse. To the mansab of Anīrāʾī 500 personal and -100 horse were added, and it was made one of 1,500 personal and 500 -horse. Three gharis of Saturday, the 19th, remained when the beginning -of the <i>s͟haraf</i> (day of sun’s culmination) occurred, -and at the same time I again took my seat on the throne. Of the -thirty-two prisoners from the army of the rebel ʿAmbar who had -been captured by the servants of the victorious State in the battle won -by S͟hāh-nawāz K͟hān and the defeat of that -disastrous man (ʿAmbar), I had handed one man over to -Iʿtiqād K͟hān. The guards who had been appointed to -keep him showed carelessness and let him escape. I was much annoyed at -this, and I forbade Iʿtiqād K͟hān to come to wait -on me for three months. As the said prisoner’s name and condition -were unknown, he was not caught again, although they showed activity in -the matter. At last I ordered the captain of the guards who had been -careless in keeping him to be capitally punished. Iʿtiqād -K͟hān on this day, at the request of -Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, had the good fortune to pay his respects -to me.</p> -<p class="par">As for a long time no good had been heard of the affairs -of Bengal and of the conduct of Qāsim K͟hān, it entered -my mind to send to the Subah of Bengal Ibrāhīm -K͟hān Fatḥ-jang, who had carried on successfully the -affairs of the Subah of Behar and had brought a diamond mine into the -possession of the State, and to despatch Jahāngīr Qulī -K͟hān, who had a jagir in the Subah of Allahabad, in his -place to Behar. I sent for Qāsim K͟hān to Court. At the -same hour on the auspicious day (the day of culmination) an order was -given that they should write royal farmans to the effect that -<i>sazāwalān</i> (revenue collectors) should be appointed to -take Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān to Behar and to send -Ibrāhīm K͟hān Fatḥ-jang to Bengal. -Patronizing Sikandar,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8071src" href= -"#xd24e8071" name="xd24e8071src">8</a> the <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb374" href="#pb374" name= -"pb374">374</a>]</span>jeweller, I promoted him to the mansab of 1,000 -personal and 300 horse.</p> -<p class="par">On the 21st I gave leave to Muḥammad -Riẓā, ambassador of the ruler of Iran, and bestowed on him -60,000 darbs, equal to 30,000 rupees, with a dress of honour. As an -equivalent to the souvenir (<i>yād-būdī</i>) that my -brother S͟hāh ʿAbbās had sent to me, I forwarded -with the aforesaid ambassador certain presents of jewelled things which -the rulers of the Deccan had sent, with cloths and rare things of every -kind fit for presentation, of the value of 100,000 rupees. Among these -was a crystal cup that Chelebī<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8081src" -href="#xd24e8081" name="xd24e8081src">9</a> had sent from ʿIraq. -The Shah had seen this cup and said to the ambassador that if his -brother (Jahāngīr) would drink wine out of it and send it to -him it would be a great mark of affection. When the ambassador -represented this, having drunk wine several times out of the cup in his -presence, I ordered them to make a lid and a saucer for it and sent it -along with the presents. The lid was of enamel -(<i>mīnā-kārī</i>). I ordered the Munshis of -mercurial writing (<i>ʿUt̤ārid-raqm</i>) to write in due -form an answer to the letter he had brought.</p> -<p class="par">On the 22nd the scouts brought in news of a tiger. -Mounting immediately, I went against the tiger and with three shots I -delivered the people from his wickedness, and himself from the -wickedness of his vile nature. Masīḥu-z-zamān produced -before me a cat, and represented that it was a hermaphrodite, and that -in his house it had young ones, and that when it had connection with -another cat, young were born to the latter.</p> -<p class="par">On the 25th the contingent of -Iʿtimādu-d-daulah passed before me in review on the plain -under the jharoka. There were 2,000 cavalry well horsed, most of whom -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb375" href="#pb375" name= -"pb375">375</a>]</span>were Moghuls, 500 foot armed with bows and guns, -and fourteen elephants. The bakhshis reckoned them up and reported that -this force was fully equipped and according to rule. On the 26th a -tigress was killed. On Thursday, the 1st Urdībihis͟ht, a -diamond that Muqarrab K͟hān had sent by runners was laid -before me; it weighed 23 <i>surkh</i>, and the jewellers valued it at -30,000 rupees. It was a diamond of the first water, and was much -approved. I ordered them to make a ring of it. On the 3rd the mansab of -Yūsuf K͟hān was, at the request of Bābā -K͟hurram, fixed at 1,000 with 1,500 horse and in the same way the -mansabs of several of the Amirs and mansabdars were increased at his -suggestion. On the 7th, as the huntsmen had marked down four tigers, -when two watches and three gharis had passed I went out to hunt them -with my ladies. When the tigers came in sight Nūr-Jahān Begam -submitted that if I would order her she herself would kill the tigers -with her gun. I said, “Let it be so.” She shot two tigers -with one shot each and knocked over the two others with four shots. In -the twinkling of an eye she deprived of life the bodies of these four -tigers. Until now such shooting was never seen, that from the top of an -elephant and inside of a howdah (<i>ʿamārī</i>) six -shots should be made and not one miss, so that the four beasts found no -opportunity to spring or move.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8102src" -href="#xd24e8102" name="xd24e8102src">10</a> As a reward for this good -shooting I gave her a pair of bracelets<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8117src" href="#xd24e8117" name="xd24e8117src">11</a> -(<i>pahunchī</i>) of diamonds worth 100,000 rupees and scattered -1,000 ashrafis (over her). On the same day Maʿmūr -K͟hān (the architect-K͟hān) <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb376" href="#pb376" name= -"pb376">376</a>]</span>obtained leave to go to Lahore to complete the -buildings of the palace there. On the 10th the death of Sayyid -Wāris̤, who was faujdār of the Subah of Oudh, was -reported. On the 12th, as Mīr Maḥmūd asked for a -faujdārship, I dignified him with the title of Tahawwur -K͟hān, and, increasing his mansab, appointed him to the -faujdārship of some of the parganahs of the Subah of Multan. On -the 22nd, T̤āhir, the bakhshi of Bengal, who had been -forbidden to pay his respects, waited upon me and presented his -offerings. Eight elephants were also presented as the offering of -Qāsim K͟hān, governor of Bengal, and two as that of -S͟haik͟h Modhū. On the 28th, at the request of -K͟hān Daurān, an order was given for the increase of the -mansab of ʿAbdu-l-ʿAzīz K͟hān by 500. On the -5th K͟hurdād the duty of the Diwanship of Gujarat was given -to Mīrzā Ḥusain in supercession of Kes͟ho. I -dignified him with the title of Kifāyat K͟hān. On the -8th, Las͟hkar K͟hān, who had been appointed bakhshi of -Bangash, came and waited on me; he offered 100 muhrs and 500 rupees. -Some days before this Ūstād Muḥammad Nāyī -(flute-player), who was unequalled in his craft, was sent by my son -K͟hurram at my summons. I had heard some of his musical -pieces<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8126src" href="#xd24e8126" name= -"xd24e8126src">12</a> (<i>majlis-sāz</i>), and he played a tune -which he had composed for an ode (<i>g͟hazal</i>) in my name. On -the 12th I ordered him to be weighed against rupees; this came to 6,300 -rupees. I also gave him an elephant with a howdah,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e8135src" href="#xd24e8135" name="xd24e8135src">13</a> and I -ordered him to ride on it and, having packed<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8141src" href="#xd24e8141" name="xd24e8141src">14</a> his rupees -about him, to proceed to his lodging. Mullā Asad, the -story-teller, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb377" href="#pb377" name= -"pb377">377</a>]</span>one of the servants of Mīrzā -G͟hāzī, came on the same day from Tattah and waited on -me. As he was a reciter and story-teller full of sweetness and -smartness, I liked his society, and I made him happy with the title of -Maḥz̤ūz̤ K͟hān, and gave him 1,000 -rupees, a dress of honour, a horse, an elephant, and a palanquin. After -some days I ordered him to be weighed against rupees, and his weight -came up to 4,400. He was raised to the mansab of 200 personal and 20 -horse. I ordered him always to be present at the meetings for talk -(<i>gap</i>). On the same day Las͟hkar K͟hān brought his -men to the <i>dars͟han jharoka</i> before me. There were 500 -horse, 14 elephants, and 100 musketeers. On the 24th news came that -Mahā Singh, grandson of Rāja Mān Singh, who was entered -among the great officers, had died from excessive wine-drinking at -Bālāpūr in the province of Berar. His father also had -died at the age of 32<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8155src" href= -"#xd24e8155" name="xd24e8155src">15</a> from the drinking of wine -beyond measure. On the same day they had brought to my private -fruit-house many mangoes from all parts of the province of the Deccan, -Burhanpur, Gujarat, and the parganahs of Malwa. Although this province -is well known and celebrated for the sweetness, freedom from -stringiness, and size of its mangoes, and there are few mangoes that -equal its mangoes—so much so that I often ordered them to be -weighed in my presence, when they were shown to come to a seer or -1¼ seer or even more—yet in sweetness of water and -delicious flavour and digestibility the mangoes of -Chaprāmau,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8158src" href="#xd24e8158" -name="xd24e8158src">16</a> in the province of Agra, are superior to all -the mangoes of this province and of all other places in India.</p> -<p class="par">On the 28th I sent for my son Bābā -K͟hurram a special gold-embroidered <i>nādirī</i> of a -fineness such as had never <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb378" href= -"#pb378" name="pb378">378</a>]</span>been produced before in my -establishment; I ordered the bearer to tell him that as this rarity had -the speciality that I had worn it on the day I quitted Ajmir for the -conquest of the Deccan, I had sent it to him. On the same day I placed -the turban from my own head, just as it was, on the head of -Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, and honoured him with this favour. Three -emeralds, a piece of jewelled <i>ūrbasī</i>,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e8172src" href="#xd24e8172" name= -"xd24e8172src">17</a> and a ruby signet ring that Mahābat -K͟hān had sent by way of offering were laid before me. They -came to 7,000 rupees in value. On this day, by the mercy and favour of -Allah, continued rain fell. Water in Māndū had become very -scarce and the people were agitated about the matter so that most of -the servants had been ordered to go to the bank of the Narbada. There -was no expectation of rain at that season. In consequence of the -agitation of the people I turned by way of supplication to the throne -of God, and He in His mercy and grace gave such rain that in the course -of a day and a night tanks, ponds (<i>birkahā</i>), and rivers -became full, and the agitation of the people was changed to complete -ease. With what tongue can I render thanks for this favour? On the 1st -of Tīr a standard was presented to Wazīr K͟hān. The -offering of the Rānā, consisting of two horses, a piece of -Gujarati cloth, and some jars of pickles and preserves, was laid before -me. On the 3rd, Muʿazzā<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8184src" -href="#xd24e8184" name="xd24e8184src">18</a>(?) brought news of the -capture of ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf, a descendant of the rulers of -Gujarat, who had always been the originator of mischief and disturbance -in that Subah. As his capture was a reason for the contentment of the -people, praise was given to God, and I ordered Muqarrab K͟hān -to send him to Court <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb379" href="#pb379" -name="pb379">379</a>]</span>by one of his mansabdars. Many of the -zamindars in the neighbourhood of Māndū, came and waited on -me, and laid offerings before me. On the 8th, Rām Dās, son of -Rāja Rāj Singh Kachhwāha, was given the -<i>ṭīka</i> of a Raja, and I honoured him with that title. -Yādgār Beg, who was known in Māwarāʾa-n-nahr -(Transoxiana) as Yādgār Qūrchī, and had not been -without connection and influence with the ruler of that country, came -and waited on me. Of all his offerings a white china cup on a stand was -the most approved. The offering of Bahādur K͟hān, -governor of Qandahar, consisting of nine horses, nine <i>tuqūz</i> -of fine cloth (81 pieces?), two black foxes’ skins, and other -things, was brought before me. Also on this day the Rāja of -Gadeha, Pem<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8201src" href="#xd24e8201" name= -"xd24e8201src">19</a> Narāyan, had the good fortune to wait on me, -and made an offering of seven elephants, male and female. On the 10th a -horse and dress of honour were given to Yādgār -Qūrchī. On the 13th was the feast of rose-water scattering -(<i>gulāb-pās͟hān</i>). The rites due to that day -were performed. S͟haik͟h Maudūd Chis͟htī, one -of the officers of Bengal, was honoured with the title of -Chis͟htī K͟hān, and I presented him with a horse. -On the 14th, Rāwal Samarsī (Samarsiṃha), son of -Rāwal Ūday Singh, zamindar of Bānswāla, waited on -me; he gave as offering 30,000 rupees, three elephants, a jewelled -<i>pān-dān</i> (box for betel), and a jewelled belt. On the -15th nine diamonds which Ibrāhīm K͟hān -Fatḥ-jang, the governor of Behar, had sent along with Muhammad -Beg from the mine, and from the collections of the zamindars of that -place, were laid before me. Of these, one weighed 14½ tanks, and -was of the value of 100,000 rupees. On the same day Yādgār -Qūrchī was presented with 14,000 darbs, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb380" href="#pb380" name="pb380">380</a>]</span>and -I promoted him to the mansab of 500 personal and 300 horse. I fixed the -mansab of Tātār K͟hān, -<i>bakāwul-begī</i> (chief steward), original and increase, -at 2,000 personal and 300 horse, and each of his sons was separately -promoted to an increased mansab. At the request of Prince -Sult̤ān Parwīz, I increased the personal mansab of -Wazīr K͟hān by 500.</p> -<p class="par">On the 29th, which was the auspicious day of Thursday, -Sayyid ʿAbdu-llah Bārha, the envoy of my son of good fortune, -Bābā K͟hurram, waited on me, and presented a letter from -that son containing news of a victory over the provinces of the Deccan. -All the chiefs, laying the head of duty in the noose of obedience, had -consented to service and humility, and laid before him the keys of -forts and strongholds, especially the fort of Ahmadnagar. In gratitude -for this great favour and beneficence, placing the head of supplication -on the throne of that God who requires no return, I opened my lips in -thankfulness, and, humbling myself, ordered them to beat the drums of -rejoicing. Thanks be to Allah that a territory that had passed out of -hand has come back into the possession of the servants of the -victorious State, and that the seditious, who had been breathing the -breath of rebellion and boasting, have turned towards supplication and -weakness, and become deliverers of properties and payers of tribute. As -this news reached me through Nūr-Jahān Begam, I gave her the -parganah of Boda (Ṭoḍā?),<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8221src" href="#xd24e8221" name="xd24e8221src">20</a> the revenue -of which is 200,000 rupees. Please God, when the victorious forces -enter the province of the Deccan and its forts, and the mind of my -excellent son K͟hurram is satisfied with regard to their -possession, he will bring with the ambassadors such an offering from -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb381" href="#pb381" name= -"pb381">381</a>]</span>the Deccan as no other king of this age has -received. It was ordered that he should bring with him the Amirs who -were to receive jagirs in this Subah, in order that they might have the -honour of waiting on me. They will thereafter get leave to depart, and -the glorious royal standards will return with victory and rejoicing to -the capital of Agra. Some days before the news of this victory reached -me, I took one night an augury from the diwan of K͟hwāja -Ḥāfiz̤ as to what would be the end of this affair, and -this ode turned up—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“The day of absence and night of parting from the -friend are o’er.</p> -<p class="line">I took this augury; the star passed and fulfilment -came.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8231src" href="#xd24e8231" -name="xd24e8231src">21</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">When the secret tongue -(<i>lisānu-l-g͟haib</i>) of Ḥāfiz̤ showed -such an ending it gave me a strong hope, and accordingly, after -twenty-five days, the news of victory arrived. In many of my desires I -have resorted to the K͟hwāja’s diwan, and (generally) -the result has coincided with what I found there. It is seldom that the -opposite has happened.</p> -<p class="par">On the same day I added 1,000 horse to the mansab of -Āṣaf K͟hān, and raised it to that of 5,000 -personal and horse. At the end of the day I went with the ladies to -look round the building of the Haft Manz̤ar<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8241src" href="#xd24e8241" name="xd24e8241src">22</a> (seven -storeys), and at the beginning of the evening returned to the palace. -This building was founded by a former ruler of Malwa, Sult̤ān -Maḥmūd K͟haljī. It has seven storeys, and in each -storey there are four chambers (<i>ṣuffa</i>) containing four -windows. The height of this tower (<i>mīnār</i>) is -54½ cubits, and its circumference 50 yards (<i>gaz</i>). There -are 171 steps from the ground <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb382" -href="#pb382" name="pb382">382</a>]</span>to the seventh storey. In -going and returning I scattered 1,400 rupees.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8256src" href="#xd24e8256" name="xd24e8256src">23</a></p> -<p class="par">On the 31st I honoured Sayyid ʿAbdu-llah with the -title of Saif K͟hān, and having exalted him with a dress of -honour, a horse, an elephant, and a jewelled dagger, gave him leave and -sent him to do duty with my son of lofty fortune. I also sent by him a -ruby of the value of more than 30,000 rupees for my son. I did not -regard its value, but as for a long time I used to bind it on my own -head, I sent it him by way of good augury, considering it lucky for -him. I appointed Sult̤ān Maḥmūd, a son-in-law of -K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan bakhshi, to be bakhshi and -news-writer of the Subah of Behar, and when he took leave I gave him an -elephant. At the end of the day of Thursday, 5th Amurdād, I went -with the ladies to see the Nīl-kunḍ, which is one of the -most<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8261src" href="#xd24e8261" name= -"xd24e8261src">24</a> pleasant places in the fort of Mandu -(Mānḍogaṛh). S͟hāh-budāg͟h -K͟hān, who was one of my revered father’s most -considerable Amirs, at the time when he held this province in jagir, -built in this place an exceedingly pleasing and enjoyable building. -Delaying there till two or three gharis of night had passed I returned -to the auspicious palace.</p> -<p class="par">As several indiscretions on the part of -Muk͟hliṣ K͟hān diwan and bakhshi of the Subah of -Bengal, had come to my ears, I reduced his mansab by 1,000 personal and -200 horse. On the 7th a war (<i>mastī</i>) elephant from among -those sent as offerings by ʿĀdil K͟hān, by name -Gaj-rāj, was sent to Rānā Amr Singh. On the 11th, I went -out to hunt and came one stage from the fort. There was excessive rain, -and the mud was such that there was hardly any moving. For the -convenience of the people and the comfort of the animals I gave up -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb383" href="#pb383" name= -"pb383">383</a>]</span>this undertaking, and passing the day of -Thursday outside, returned on Friday eve. On the same day -Hidāyatu-llah, who is very well suited to carry out the rules and -movements (in travelling) of the headquarters (lit. presence), was -honoured with the title of Fidāʾī K͟hān. In -this rainy season rain fell in such quantities that old men said that -they did not remember such rain in any age. For nearly forty days there -was nothing but cloud and rain, so that the sun only appeared -occasionally. There was so much wind that many buildings, both old and -new, fell down. On the first night there was<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8271src" href="#xd24e8271" name="xd24e8271src">25</a> such rain -and thunder and lightning as has seldom been heard of. Nearly twenty -women and men were killed, and the foundations even of some of the -stone buildings were broken up. No noise is more terrifying than this. -Till the middle of the month was passed, wind and rain increased. After -this they gradually became less. What can be written of the verdure and -self-grown fragrant plants? They covered valley and plain and hill and -desert. It is not known if in the inhabited world there exists another -such place as Mandu for sweetness of air and for the pleasantness of -the locality and the neighbourhood, especially in the rainy season. In -this season, which lasts for months and extends up to the hot weather, -one cannot sleep inside houses without coverlets, and in the day the -temperature is such that there is no need for a fan or for change of -place. All that could be written would still fall short of the many -beauties of the place. I saw two things that I had not seen in any -other place in Hindustan. One was the tree of the wild plantain that -grows in most of the uncultivated places in the fort, and the other the -nest of the wagtail (<i>mamūla</i>), which they call in Persian -the <i>dum-sīcha</i> (tail-wagger). Up till now none of the -hunters had pointed out its nest. By <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb384" href="#pb384" name="pb384">384</a>]</span>chance in the -building I occupied there was its nest, and it brought out two young -ones.</p> -<p class="par">Three watches of day had passed on Thursday, the 19th, -when I mounted with the ladies in order to go round and see the courts -and buildings on the Shakkar tank, founded by former rulers of Malwa. -As an elephant had not been conferred on Iʿtimādu-d-daulah on -account of his government of the Panjab, I gave him on the road one of -my private elephants of the name of Jagjot. I remained in this -enchanting place until the evening, and was much delighted with the -pleasantness and greenness of the surrounding open spaces. After -performing my evening prayer and counting my rosary, we returned to our -fixed residence. On Friday an elephant named Ran-bādal (cloud of -war?), which Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān had sent as -an offering, was brought before me. Having adopted for myself certain -special cloths and cloth-stuffs, I gave an order that no one should -wear the same but he on whom I might bestow them. One was a -<i>nādirī</i> coat that they wear over the <i>qabā</i> -(a kind of outer vest). Its length is from the waist down to below the -thighs, and it has no sleeves. It is fastened in front with buttons, -and the people of Persia call it <i>kurdī</i> (from the country of -the Kurds). I gave it the name of nadiri. Another garment is a -T̤ūs shawl, which my revered father had adopted as a dress. -The next was a coat (qaba) with a folded collar (<i>batū -girībān</i>). The ends of the sleeves were embroidered. He -had also appropriated this to himself. Another was a qaba with a -border, from which the fringes of cloth were cut off and sewn round the -skirt and collar and the ends of the sleeve. Another was a qaba of -Gujarati satin, and another a <i>chīra</i> and waistbelt woven -with silk, in which were interwoven gold and silver threads.</p> -<p class="par">As the monthly pay of some of Mahābat -K͟hān’s horsemen, according to the regulation of three -and two <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb385" href="#pb385" name= -"pb385">385</a>]</span>horsed men, for the performance of duty in the -Deccan, had become increased and the service<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8307src" href="#xd24e8307" name="xd24e8307src">26</a> had not -been performed, I gave an order that the civil officers -(<i>dīwāniyān</i>) should levy the difference from his -jagir. In the end of Thursday, the 26th, corresponding with the 14th -S͟haʿbān, which is the S͟hab-i-barāt, I held a -meeting in one of the houses of the palace of Nūr-Jahān -Begam, which was situated in the midst of large tanks, and summoning -the Amirs and courtiers to the feast which had been prepared by the -Begam, I ordered them to give the people cups and all kinds of -intoxicating drinks according to the desire of each. Many asked for -cups, and I ordered that whoever drank a cup should sit according to -his mansab and condition. All sorts of roast meats, and fruits by way -of relish, were ordered to be placed before everyone. It was a -wonderful assembly. In the beginning of the evening they lighted -lanterns and lamps all round the tanks and buildings, and a lighting up -was carried out the like of which has perhaps never been arranged in -any place. The lanterns and lamps cast their reflection on the water, -and it appeared as if the whole surface of the tank was a plain of -fire. A grand entertainment took place, and the drinkers of cups took -more cups than they could carry.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“A feast was arranged that lighted up the -heart,</p> -<p class="line">It was of such beauty as the heart desired.</p> -<p class="line">They flung over this verdant mead</p> -<p class="line">A carpet broad as the field of genius.</p> -<p class="line">From abundance of perfume the feast spread far,</p> -<p class="line">The heavens were a musk-bag by reason of incense,</p> -<p class="line">The delicate ones of the garden (the flowers) became -glorious,</p> -<p class="line">The face of each was lighted up like a -lamp.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8330src" href="#xd24e8330" -name="xd24e8330src">27</a></p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb386" href="#pb386" name= -"pb386">386</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">After three of four gharis of night had passed, I -dismissed the men and summoned the ladies, and till a watch of night -(remained?) passed the time in this delightful place, and enjoyed -myself. On this day of Thursday several special things had happened. -One was that it was the day of my ascension of the throne; secondly, it -was the S͟hab-i-barāt, thirdly, it was the day of the -<i>rākhī</i>, which has already been described, and with the -Hindus is a special day. On account of these three pieces of good -fortune I called the day Mubārak-s͟hamba.</p> -<p class="par">On the 27th, Sayyid Kāsū was dignified with -the title of Parwaris͟h K͟hān. Wednesday in the same way -that Mubārak-s͟hamba had been a fortunate one for me had -fallen out exactly the opposite. On this account I gave this evil day -the name of Kam-s͟hamba, in order that this day might always fail -from the world (lessen). On the next day a jewelled dagger was -conferred on Yādgār Qūrchī, and I ordered that -after this he should be styled Yādgār Beg. I had sent for Jay -Singh, son of Rāja Mahā Singh. On this day he waited on me -and presented an elephant as an offering. A watch and three gharis of -Mubārak-s͟hamba, the 2nd of S͟hahriyār, had passed, -when I rode to look round the Nīl-kund and its neighbourhood; -thence I passed on to the plain of the ʿĪd-gāh on the -top of a mound that was very green and pleasant. Champa flowers and -other sweet wild herbs of that plain had bloomed to such a degree that -on all sides on which the eye fell the world looked like a world of -greenery and flowers. I entered the palace when a watch of night had -passed.</p> -<p class="par">As it had been several times mentioned to me that a kind -of sweetmeat was obtained from the wild plantain such that dervishes -and other poor people made it their food, I wished to enquire into the -matter. What I found was that the fruit of the wild plantain was an -exceedingly hard and tasteless thing. The real fact is that in the -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb387" href="#pb387" name= -"pb387">387</a>]</span>lower part (of the trunk) there is a thing -shaped like a fir-cone from which the real fruit of the plantain comes -out. On this a kind of sweetmeat forms which has exactly the juiciness -and taste of <i>pālūda</i>. It appears that men eat this and -enjoy it.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8349src" href="#xd24e8349" name= -"xd24e8349src">28</a></p> -<p class="par">With regard to carrier pigeons -(<i>kabūtar-i-nāma-bar</i>), it had been stated to me in the -course of conversation that in the time of the Abbaside Caliphs they -taught<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8369src" href="#xd24e8369" name= -"xd24e8369src">29</a> the Baghdad pigeons who were styled -‘letter-carriers’ (<i>nāma-bar</i>), and were one-half -larger<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8378src" href="#xd24e8378" name= -"xd24e8378src">30</a> than the wild pigeon. I bade the pigeon-fanciers -to teach their pigeons, and they taught some of them in such a manner -that we let them fly from Mandu in the early morning, and if there was -much rain they reached Burhanpur by 2½ pahars (watches) of the -day, or even in 1½ pahars. If the air was very clear most of -them arrived by one pahar of the day and some by four gharis (hours) of -the day.</p> -<p class="par">On the 3rd a letter came from Bābā -K͟hurram, announcing the coming of Afẓal K͟hān and -Rāy Rāyān and the arrival of the ambassadors of -ʿĀdil K͟hān, and their bringing suitable offerings -of jewels, jewelled things, elephants, and horses, offerings such as -had never come in any reign or time, and expressing much gratitude for -the services and loyalty of the aforesaid K͟hān, and his -faithfulness to his word and duty. He asked for a gracious royal firman -bestowing on him the title of <i>farzand</i> (son) and for other -favours, which had never <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb388" href= -"#pb388" name="pb388">388</a>]</span>yet been vouchsafed in his honour. -Since it was very gratifying to me to please my son, and his request -was reasonable, I ordered that the Munshis of the mercurial pen should -write a farman in the name of ʿĀdil K͟hān, -conveying every kind of affection and favour, and exceeding in his -praise ten or twelve times what had been previously written. They were -ordered in these farmans to address him as farzand. In the body of the -farman I wrote this couplet with my own hand—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Thou’st become, at S͟hāh -K͟hurram’s request,</p> -<p class="line">Renowned in the world as my son” -(<i>farzandī</i>).</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">On the 4th day this farman was sent off with its -copy, so that my son S͟hāh K͟hurram might see the copy -and send off the original. On Mubārak-s͟hamba, the 9th, I -went with the ladies to the house of Āṣaf K͟hān. -His house was situated in the valley, and was exceedingly pleasant and -bright. It had several valleys round it; in some places there were -flowing waterfalls, and mango and other trees exceedingly green and -pleasant and shady. Nearly 200 or 300 keora shrubs -(<i>gul-i-keoṛā</i>, <i>Pandanus odoratissimus</i>) grew in -one valley. In fine that day passed in great enjoyment. A wine party -was held and cups were presented to the Amirs and intimates, and an -offering from Āṣaf K͟hān was laid before me. There -were many rare things. I took whatever I approved, and the remainder -was given to him. On the same day K͟hwāja Mīr, son of -Sult̤ān K͟hwāja, who had come on a summons from -Bangash, waited on me, and presented as an offering a ruby, two pearls, -and an elephant. Rāja Bhīm Narāyan, a zamindar of the -province of Gadeha, was promoted to the mansab of 1,000 personal and -500 horse. An order was given that a jagir should be provided him out -of his native country. On the 12th a letter came from my son -K͟hurram that Rāja Sūraj Mal, son of Rāja -Bāso, whose territory is near the fort of Kangra, had promised -that in the course of a year he would <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb389" href="#pb389" name="pb389">389</a>]</span>bring that fort into -the possession of the servants of the victorious State. He also sent -his letter which covenanted for this. I ordered that after -comprehending his desires and wishes, and satisfying himself with -regard to them, he should send off the Raja to wait on me, so that he -might set about the said duty. On the same day, which was Monday, the -11th, corresponding with the 1st Ramaẓān (2nd September, -1617), after four gharis and seven pals had passed, a daughter was born -to my son by the mother of his other children, who was the daughter of -Āṣaf K͟hān. This child was named -Rūs͟hanārā Begam. As the Zamindar of Jaitpūr, -which is in the jurisdiction<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8415src" href= -"#xd24e8415" name="xd24e8415src">31</a> of Mandu, in consequence of -wickedness had not had the felicity of kissing the threshold I ordered -Fidāʾī K͟hān to proceed against him with some -mansabdars and 400 or 500 musketeers and plunder his country. On the -13th one elephant was given to Fidāʾī K͟hān -and one to Mīr Qāsim, son of Sayyid Murād. On the 16th -Jay Singh, son of Rāja Mahā Singh, who was 12 years old, was -promoted to the mansab of 1,000 personal and horse. To Mīr -Mīrān, son of Mīr K͟halīlu-llah, I gave an -elephant which I had myself approved, and another to Mullā -ʿAbdu-s-Sattār.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8424src" href= -"#xd24e8424" name="xd24e8424src">32</a> Bhoj, son of Rāja -Bikramājīt Bhadauriyā, after his father’s death, -came from the Deccan and waited on me, and presented 100 muhrs as an -offering. On the 17th it was represented that Rāja Kalyān had -come from the province of Orissa, and proposed to kiss my threshold. As -some unpleasant stories had been told with regard to him, an order was -given that they should hand him over with his son to <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb390" href="#pb390" name= -"pb390">390</a>]</span>Āṣaf K͟hān to enquire into -the truth of what had been said about him. On the 19th an elephant was -given to Jay Singh. On the 20th 200 horses were added to the mansab of -Kes͟ho Dās Mārū, so that it came, original and -increase, to 2,000 personal and 1,200 horse. On the 23rd, having -distinguished Allah-dād, the Afghan, with the title of -Ras͟hīd K͟hān, I gave him a <i>parm-narm</i> -(shawl). The offering of Rāja Kalyān Singh, consisting of -eighteen elephants, was brought before me; sixteen elephants were -included in my private elephant stud, and I presented him with two. As -the news had arrived from Iraq of the death of the mother of Mīr -Mīrān, daughter of S͟hāh Ismaʿīl II, of -the race of the Ṣafawī kings, I sent him a dress of honour -and brought him out of the robes of mourning. On the 25th -Fidāʾī K͟hān received a dress of honour, and, -in company with his brother Rūhu-llah and other mansabdars, -obtained leave to go to punish the Zamindar of Jaitpur. On the 28th, -having come down from the fort with the intention of seeing the Narbada -and to hunt in its neighbourhood, I took the ladies with me and halted -two stages down on the bank of the river. As there were many mosquitoes -and fleas, I did not stay more than one night. Having come the next day -to Tārāpūr I returned on Friday, the 31st. On the 1st of -the month of Mihr, Muḥsin K͟hwāja, who at this time had -come from Transoxiana, received a dress of honour and 5,000 rupees. On -the 2nd, after enquiry into the matters of Rāja Kalyān, with -regard to which a report had been received, and which Āṣaf -K͟hān had been appointed to investigate, as he appeared -innocent, he enjoyed the good fortune to kiss the threshold, and -presented as an offering 100 muhrs and 1,000 rupees. His offering of a -string of pearls, consisting of eighty pearls and two rubies with a -bracelet with a ruby and two pearls, and the golden figure of a horse -studded with jewels, was laid before <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb391" href="#pb391" name="pb391">391</a>]</span>me. A petition from -Fidāʾī K͟hān arrived stating that when the -victorious army entered the province of Jaitpur the zamindar had -elected to run away. He could not oppose Fidāʾī, and his -country was ravaged. He now repented of what he had done, and intended -to come to the Court, which was the asylum of the world, and proffer -service and obedience. A force with Rūḥu-llah was sent in -pursuit of him to capture and bring him to Court, or to lay waste and -ruin his domain and imprison his women and dependants, who had gone -into the country of the neighbouring zamindars. On the 8th -K͟hwāja Niz̤ām came and laid before me fourteen -pomegranates from the port of Muk͟hā (Mocha), which they had -brought to Surat in the space of fourteen days, and in eight days more -to Mandu. The size of these was the same as that of the Thatta -pomegranates. Though the pomegranates of Thatta are seedless and these -have seeds,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8435src" href="#xd24e8435" name= -"xd24e8435src">33</a> yet they are delicate, and in freshness excel -those of Thatta. On the 9th news came that while Rūḥu-llah -was passing through the villages, he came to know that the women and -dependants of the Jaitpūrī zamindar were in a certain -village. He remained outside, and sent men into the village to make -enquiries and to bring out the persons who were there. Whilst he was -making enquiries, one of the devoted servants of the zamindar came -along with the villagers. Whilst his men were scattered here and there, -and Rūḥu-llah with some servants had brought out his -furniture and was sitting on a carpet, that devoted servant came behind -him and struck him with a spear; the blow was fatal and the spearhead -came out at his breast. The pulling out of the spear and the -reverting<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8441src" href="#xd24e8441" name= -"xd24e8441src">34</a> to his original (dying) of Rūḥu-llah -took place together. Those who were present sent that wretch to hell. -All the men who had been <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb392" href= -"#pb392" name="pb392">392</a>]</span>scattered about put on their -armour and attacked the village. Those doomed men -(<i>k͟hūn-giriftahā</i>) had the disgrace of -harbouring<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8453src" href="#xd24e8453" name= -"xd24e8453src">35</a> rebels and sedition-mongers, and were killed in -the course of an astronomical hour. They brought into captivity their -wives and daughters, and, setting fire to the village, made it so that -nothing was seen but heaps of ashes. They then lifted up the body of -Rūḥu-llah and went and joined Fidāʾī -K͟hān. With regard to the bravery and zeal of -Rūḥu-llah, there was no dispute; at the most, his -carelessness brought about this turn of fortune. No traces of -habitation remained in that region; the zamindar of that place went -into the hills and jungles and concealed and obliterated himself. He -then sent someone to Fidāʾī K͟hān and begged -for pardon for his offences. An order was given that he should be -allowed quarter and brought to Court.</p> -<p class="par">The mansab of Muruwwat K͟hān was fixed, -original and increase, at 2,000 personal and 1,500 horse, on condition -that he should destroy Harbhān,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8463src" href="#xd24e8463" name="xd24e8463src">36</a> Zamindar of -Chandra-koṭa, from whom travellers endured great annoyance. On -the 13th Rāja Sūraj Mal, together with Taqī, the bakhshi -who was in attendance on Bābā K͟hurram, came and waited -on me. He represented all his requirements. His engagement to perform -the work was approved, and at the request of my son he was honoured -with a standard and drums. To Taqī, who had been appointed with -him, a jewelled <i>khapwa</i> (dagger) was given, and it was arranged -that he should finish his own affairs and start off quickly. The mansab -of K͟hwāja ʿAlī Beg Mīrzā, who had been -appointed to the defence and <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb393" href= -"#pb393" name="pb393">393</a>]</span>administration of Ahmadnagar, was -fixed at 5,000 personal and horse. An elephant apiece was given to -Nūru-d-dīn Qulī, K͟hwājagī -T̤āhir, Sayyid K͟hān Muḥammad, -Murtaẓā K͟hān, and Walī Beg. On the 17th the -mansab of Ḥākim Beg was fixed, original and increase, at -1,000 personal and 200 horse. On the same day, after presenting -Rāja Sūraj Mal with a dress of honour, an elephant, and a -jewelled khapwa, and Taqī with a dress of honour, I gave them -leave to proceed on duty to Kangra. When those who had been sent by my -son of lofty fortune, S͟hāh K͟hurram, with the -ambassadors of ʿĀdil K͟hān and his offerings, -arrived at Burhanpur, and my son’s mind was completely satisfied -with regard to the affairs of the Deccan, he prayed for the -Subahdarship of Berar, Khandesh, and Ahmadnagar for the -Commander-in-Chief, the Khankhanan, and sent his son -S͟hāh-nawāz K͟hān, who is really Khankhanan -junior, with 12,000 cavalry to hold possession of the conquered -provinces. Every place and estate were put as jagirs into the hands of -reliable men, and fitting arrangements were made for the government of -the province. He left, out of the troops that were with him, 30,000 -horse and 7,000 musketeer infantry, and took with him the remainder, -amounting to 25,000 horse and 2,000 gunners, and set off to wait on me. -On Thursday (Mubārak-s͟hamba), the 20th<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8471src" href="#xd24e8471" name="xd24e8471src">37</a> of the -month of Mihr (Divine month), in the twelfth year from my accession, -corresponding with the 11th S͟hawwāl, 1026 Hijra (12th -October, 1617), after three watches and one ghari had passed, he -entered the fort of Mandu auspiciously and joyfully, and had the honour -of waiting on me. The duration of our separation was 11<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e8474src" href="#xd24e8474" name= -"xd24e8474src">38</a> months and 11 days. After he had <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb394" href="#pb394" name= -"pb394">394</a>]</span>performed the dues of salutation and kissing the -ground, I called him up into the jharokha, and with exceeding kindness -and uncontrolled delight rose from my place and held him in the embrace -of affection. In proportion as he strove to be humble and polite, I -increased my favours and kindness to him and made him sit near me. He -presented 1,000 ashrafis and 1,000 rupees as <i>nazar</i> and the same -amount by way of alms. As the time did not allow of his presenting all -his offerings, he now brought before me the elephant Sarnāk (?) -(snake-head?), that was the chief of the elephants of ʿĀdil -K͟hān’s offering, with a casket of precious stones. -After this the bakhshis were ordered to arrange according to their -mansabs the Amirs who had come with my son to pay their respects. The -first who had the honour of audience was K͟hān Jahān. -Sending for him above, I selected him for the honour of kissing my -feet. He presented 1,000 muhrs and 1,000 rupees as nazr, and a casket -filled with jewels and jewelled things as an offering -(<i>pīs͟h-kas͟h</i>). What was accepted of his offering -was worth 45,000 rupees. After this ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān -kissed the threshold, and presented 100 muhrs as nazr. Then -Mahābat K͟hān had the honour of kissing the ground, and -presented an offering of 100 muhrs and 1,000 rupees, with a parcel -(<i>gaṭhṛī</i>)<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8489src" -href="#xd24e8489" name="xd24e8489src">39</a> of precious stones and -jewelled vessels, the value of which was 124,000 rupees. Of these one -ruby weighed 11 miskals; an European brought it last year to sell at -Ajmir, and priced it at 200,000 rupees, but the jewellers valued it at -80,000 rupees. Consequently the bargain did not come off, and it was -returned to him and he took it away. When he came to Burhanpur, -Mahābat K͟hān bought it from him for 100,000 rupees. -After this Rāja Bhāo Singh waited on me, presenting 1,000 -rupees as nazr and some jewels and jewelled things as a -<i>pīs͟h-kas͟h</i>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb395" -href="#pb395" name="pb395">395</a>]</span>In the same manner -Dārāb K͟hān, son of the Khankhanan, Sardār -K͟hān, brother of ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, -S͟hajāʿat K͟hān the Arab, Dayānat -K͟hān, S͟hāh-bāz K͟hān, -Muʿtamad K͟hān bakhshi, Ūdā Rām,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e8501src" href="#xd24e8501" name= -"xd24e8501src">40</a> who was one of the chief Amirs of -Niz̤āmu-l-mulk, and who came on the promise of my son -S͟hāh K͟hurram and joined the ranks of the loyal, waited -on me in the order of their mansabs. After this the Wakils of -ʿĀdil K͟hān had the honour of kissing the ground, -and presented a letter from him. Before this, as a reward for the -conquest of the Rānā, a mansab of 20,000 personal and 10,000 -horse was conferred on my son of lofty fortune. When he had hastened to -the capture of the Deccan he had obtained the title of Shah, and now, -in reward for this distinguished service, I gave him a mansab of 30,000 -personal and 20,000 horse and bestowed on him the title of -S͟hāh Jahān. An order was given that henceforth they -should place a chair in the paradise-resembling assemblies near my -throne for my son to sit upon. This was a special favour for my son, as -it had never been the custom heretofore. A special dress of honour with -a gold-embroidered <i>chārqab</i>, with collar, the end of the -sleeves and the skirt decorated with pearls, worth 50,000 rupees, a -jewelled sword with a jewelled <i>pardala</i> (belt), and a jewelled -dagger were bestowed upon him. In his honour I myself came down from -the jharokha and poured over his head a small tray of jewels and a tray -of gold (coins).<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8513src" href="#xd24e8513" -name="xd24e8513src">41</a> Having called Sarnāk elephant to me, I -saw without doubt that what had been heard in its praise and of its -beauty was real. It stood all the tests in size, form, and beauty. Few -elephants are to be seen of such beauty. As it appeared acceptable to -me, I myself mounted (i.e. drove it) and took it into my private -palace, and scattered a quantity of gold coins on its head, -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb396" href="#pb396" name= -"pb396">396</a>]</span>and ordered them to tie it up inside the royal -palace. With regard to this I gave it the name of -Nūr-bak͟ht<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8522src" href= -"#xd24e8522" name="xd24e8522src">42</a> (light of fortune). On Friday, -the 24th, Rāja Bharjīv, Zamindar of Baglāṇa, came -and waited on me. His name is Partāp; every Raja there has been of -that place they call Bharjīv. He has about 1,500 horse in his pay -(<i>mawājib-k͟hwār</i>), and in time of need he can -bring into the field 3,000 horse. The province of Baglāṇa -lies between Gujarat, Khandesh, and the Deccan. It has two strong -forts, Sāler and Māler (Muler), and as Māler is in the -midst of a populous country he lives there himself. The country of -Baglāṇa has pleasant springs and running waters. The mangoes -of that region are very sweet and large, and are gathered for nine -months from the beginning of immaturity<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8528src" href="#xd24e8528" name="xd24e8528src">43</a> until the -end. It has many grapes, but not of the best kinds. The aforesaid Raja -does not drop the thread of caution and prudence in dealing with the -rulers of Gujarat, the Deccan, and Khandesh. He has never gone himself -to see any of them, and if any of them has wished to stretch out his -hand to possess his kingdom, he has remained undisturbed through the -support of the others. After the provinces of Gujarat, the Deccan, and -Khandesh came into the possession of the late king (Akbar), -Bharjīv came to Burhanpur and had the honour of kissing his feet, -and after being enrolled among his servants was raised to the mansab of -3,000. At this time, when S͟hāh Jahān went to Burhanpur, -he brought eleven elephants as an offering. He came to Court in -attendance on my son, and in accordance with his friendship and service -was dignified with royal favours, and had presented to him a jewelled -sword, an elephant, a horse, and dress of honour. After some days I -conferred on him three rings of jacinth (<i>yāqūt</i>), -diamond, and ruby. On Mubārak-s͟hamba <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb397" href="#pb397" name= -"pb397">397</a>]</span>(Thursday), the 27th, Nūr-Jahān Begam -prepared a feast of victory for my son S͟hāh Jahān, and -conferred on him dresses of honour of great price, with a -<i>nādirī</i> with embroidered flowers, adorned with rare -pearls, a <i>sarpīch</i> (turban ornament) decorated with rare -gems, a turban with a fringe of pearls, a waistbelt studded with -pearls, a sword with jewelled <i>pardala</i> (belt), a <i>phūl -kaṭāra</i> (dagger), a <i>sada</i> (?) of pearls, with two -horses, one of which had a jewelled saddle, and a special elephant with -two females. In the same way she gave his children and his ladies -dresses of honour, <i>tūquz</i> (nine pieces) of cloth with all -sorts of gold ornaments, and to his chief servants as presents a horse, -a dress of honour, and a jewelled dagger. The cost of this -entertainment was about 300,000 rupees. Presenting on the same day a -horse and dress of honour to ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān and -Sardār K͟hān, his brother, I gave them leave to go to -the Sarkar of Kalpi, which had been given them in jagir, and also -dismissed S͟hajāʿat K͟hān to his jagir, which -was in the Subah of Gujarat, with a dress of honour and an elephant. I -dismissed Sayyid Ḥājī, who was a jagirdar of Behar, -with a gift of a horse.</p> -<p class="par">It was frequently reported to me that K͟hān -Daurān had become old and weak, so as to be unfit for active duty, -and the Subahs of Kabul and Bangash is a land of disturbance, and to -subdue the Afghans required riding and active movement. Inasmuch as -caution is the condition of rule, I appointed Mahābat -K͟hān, Subahdar of Kabul and Bangash, giving him a dress of -honour, and promoted K͟hān Daurān to the governorship of -the province of Thatta. Ibrāhīm K͟hān -Fatḥ-jang had sent as an offering from Behar forty-nine -elephants; these were submitted to me. On this day they brought some -<i>sōna-kela</i> (golden plantains, bananas) for me. I had never -eaten such plantains before. In size they are one finger, and are very -sweet and of good flavour; they <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb398" -href="#pb398" name="pb398">398</a>]</span>have no resemblance to -plantains of other descriptions, but are somewhat indigestible, so that -from the two that I ate I experienced heaviness, whilst others say they -can eat as many as seven or eight. Though plantains are really unfit to -eat, yet of all the kinds this is the one fit to eat. This year, up to -the 23rd of the month of Mihr, Muqarrab K͟hān sent Gujarat -mangoes by post (<i>ḍāk-chaukī</i>).</p> -<p class="par">On this date I heard that Muḥammad -Riẓā, ambassador of my brother S͟hāh -ʿAbbās, gave up the deposit of his life at Agra through the -disease of <i>ishāl</i> (diarrhœa). I made the merchant -Muḥammad Qāsim, who had come from my brother, his executor, -and ordered that according to the will he should convey his goods and -chattels to the Shah, so that he might grant them in his own presence -to the heirs of the deceased. Elephants and dresses of honour were -conferred on Sayyid Kabīr and Bak͟htar K͟hān, -Wakils of ʿĀdil K͟hān. On -Mubārak-s͟hamba, the 13th Ābān, Jahāngīr -Qulī Beg, Turkmān, who is dignified with the title of -Jān-sipār K͟hān, came from the Deccan and waited on -me. His father was included among the Amirs of Iran. He had come from -Persia in the time of the late king Akbar, and having a mansab -conferred on him was sent to the Deccan. He was brought up in that -Subah. Although he had been appointed to a duty, yet as my son -S͟hāh Jahān came at this time to pay his respects and -represented his sincerity and devotion, I ordered that he should come -post to Court and have the good fortune to wait upon me and then -return. On this day I promoted Ūdā Rām<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e8572src" href="#xd24e8572" name="xd24e8572src">44</a> to the -rank of 3,000 personal and 1,500 horse. He is a brahmin by caste, and -was much relied on by ʿAmbar. At the time when -S͟hāh-nawāz K͟hān went against ʿAmbar, -Ādam K͟hān Ḥabs͟hī, Jādū -Rāy, Bābū Rāy Kāyath, Ūdā Rām, -and some other Sardārs of Niz̤āmu-l-mulk <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb399" href="#pb399" name="pb399">399</a>]</span>left -him and came to S͟hāh-nawāz K͟hān. After -ʿAmbar’s defeat they, by the persuasions of ʿĀdil -K͟hān and the deceit of ʿAmbar, left the right road -again and gave up their loyalty and service. ʿAmbar took an oath -on the Koran to Ādam K͟hān and put him off his guard, -and, capturing him deceitfully, imprisoned him in the fort of -Daulatabad, and at last killed him. Bābū Rāy Kāyath -and Ūdā Rām came away and went to the borders of -ʿĀdil K͟hān’s dominions, but he would not -admit them into his territory. About that time Bābū Rāy -Kāyath lost his life (lit. played away the coin of existence) by -the deceit of his intimates, and ʿAmbar sent a force against -Ūdā Rām. He fought well and defeated ʿAmbar’s -army. But afterwards, as he could not remain in that country, he threw -himself on to the borders of the royal dominions, and, having got a -promise, came with his family and dependants and entered the service of -my son S͟hāh Jahān. That son distinguished him with -favours and kindnesses of all sorts, and made him hopeful by giving him -a mansab of 3,000 personal and 1,000 horse, and brought him to Court. -As he was a useful servant, I increased this by 500 horse. I also -increased the mansab of S͟hāh-bāz K͟hān, who -had one of 2,000 personal and 1,500 horse, by 500 more horse, and gave -him the faujdārship of the Sarkar of Sārangpūr and a -part of the Subah of Malwa. A special horse and elephant were given to -K͟hān Jahān. On Mubārak-s͟hamba (Thursday), -the 10th of the month, my son S͟hāh Jahān produced his -own offerings—jewels and jewelled things and fine cloths and -other rare things. These were all laid out in the courtyard of the -jharokha, and arranged together with the horses and elephants adorned -with gold and silver trappings. In order to please him I came down from -the jharokha and looked through them in detail. Among all these there -was a fine ruby they had bought for my son at the port of Goa for -200,000 rupees; its weight was 19½ tanks, or <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb400" href="#pb400" name="pb400">400</a>]</span>17 -miskals, and 5½ surkhs. There was no ruby in my establishment -over 12 tanks, and the jewellers agreed to this valuation. Another was -a sapphire, among the offerings of ʿĀdil K͟hān; it -weighed 6 tanks and 7 surkhs and was valued at 100,000 rupees. I never -before saw a sapphire of such a size and good colour. Another was the -Chamkoṛa diamond, also of ʿĀdil -K͟hān’s; its weight was 1 tank and 6 surkhs, which they -valued at 40,000 rupees. The name of Chamkoṛa is derived from -this, that there is in the Deccan a plant called -<i>sāg-i-chamkoṛa</i>.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8583src" -href="#xd24e8583" name="xd24e8583src">45</a> At the time when -Murtaẓā Niz̤āmu-l-mulk conquered Berar he had gone -one day with his ladies round to look at the garden, when one of the -women found the diamond in a chamkora vegetable, and took it to -Niz̤āmu-l-mulk. From that day it became known as the Chamkora -diamond, and came into the possession of the present Ibrāhīm -ʿĀdil K͟hān during the interregnum -(<i>fatarāt</i>) of Ahmadnagar. Another was an emerald, also among -ʿĀdil K͟hān’s offerings. Although it is from -a new mine, it is of such a beautiful colour and delicacy as I have -never before seen. Again, there were two pearls, one of the weight of -64 surkhs, or 2 miskals and 11 surkhs, and it was valued at 25,000 -rupees. The other weighed 16 surkhs, and was of exceeding roundness and -fineness. It was valued at 12,000 rupees. Another was a diamond from -the offerings of Qut̤bu-l-mull, in weight 1 tank, and valued at -30,000 rupees. There were 150 elephants, out of which three had gold -trappings, chains, etc., and nine had silver trappings. Though -twenty<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8591src" href="#xd24e8591" name= -"xd24e8591src">46</a> elephants were put into my private stud, five -were very large and celebrated. The first, Nūr-bak͟ht, which -my son presented on the day of meeting, was worth 125,000 rupees. The -second, Mahīpati,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8594src" href= -"#xd24e8594" name="xd24e8594src">47</a> from the offerings of -ʿĀdil K͟hān, was valued <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb401" href="#pb401" name="pb401">401</a>]</span>at -100,000 rupees; I gave it the name of Durjansāl. Another, also -from his offerings, was Bak͟ht-buland, and valued at 100,000 -rupees; I called it Girān-bār. Another was Qaddūs -K͟hān, and the fifth was Imām Riẓā. They were -from the offerings of Qut̤bu-l-mulk. Each of the two was valued at -100,000 rupees. Again, there were 100 Arab and Iraq horses, most of -which were good horses. Of these, three had jewelled saddles. If the -private offerings of my son and those of the rulers of the Deccan were -to be written down in detail, it would be too long a business. What I -accepted of his presents was worth 2,000,000 rupees. In addition to -this he gave his (step-)mother,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8599src" -href="#xd24e8599" name="xd24e8599src">48</a> Nūr-Jahān Begam, -offerings worth 200,000 rupees, and 60,000 rupees to his other mothers -and the Begams. Altogether my son’s offerings came to 2,260,000 -rupees, or 75,000 tumans of the currency of Iran or 6,780,000 current -Tūrān-khānīs. Such offerings had never been made -during this dynasty. I showed him much attention and favour; in fact, -he is a son who is worth grace and kindness. I am very pleased and -satisfied with him. May God Almighty allow him to enjoy long life and -prosperity!</p> -<p class="par">As I had never in my life had any elephant-hunting, and -had a great desire to see the province of Gujarat and to look on the -salt sea, and my huntsmen had often gone and seen wild elephants and -fixed on hunting-places, it occurred to me to travel through Ahmadabad -and look on the sea, and having hunted elephants on my return, when it -was hot and the season for hunting them to go back to Agra. With this -intention I despatched to Agra Ḥaẓrat Maryamu-z-zamān -(his mother) and the other Begams and people of the harem with the -baggage and extra establishments, and betook myself to a tour in the -Subah of Gujarat to hunt, with such as were indispensable <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb402" href="#pb402" name="pb402">402</a>]</span>with -me. On the eve of Friday in the month of Ābān (precise date -not given, but apparently the 10th), I marched auspiciously and happily -from Mandu, and pitched on the bank of the tank of Nālchhā. -In the morning I went out to hunt and killed a blue bull with my gun. -On the eve of Saturday, Mahābat K͟hān was presented with -a special horse and an elephant, and obtained leave to go to his Subah -of Kabul and Bangash. At his request I conferred on Ras͟hīd -K͟hān a robe of honour, a horse, an elephant, and a jewelled -dagger, and appointed him to assist him. I promoted Ibrāhīm -Ḥusain to the post of bakhshi in the Deccan, and Mīrak -Ḥusain to that of news-writer in the same Subah. Rāja -Kalyān,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8609src" href="#xd24e8609" -name="xd24e8609src">49</a> son of Rāja Toḍar Mal, had come -from the Subah of Orissa; on account of some faults which had been -attributed to him he had for some days been forbidden the honour of -paying his respects. After enquiry his innocence appeared clear, and -having given him a dress of honour and a horse, I appointed him to do -duty together with Mahābat K͟hān in Bangash. On Monday I -gave the Wakils of ʿĀdil K͟hān jewelled turban -fringes after the fashion of the Deccan, one of the value of 5,000 -rupees and the other worth 4,000 rupees. As Afẓal K͟hān -and Rāy Rāyān had performed the duties of Wakils to my -son S͟hāh Jahān in a becoming manner, I raised them both -in mansab and honoured Rāy Rāyān with the title of -Bikramājīt, which among Hindus is the highest title. In truth -he is a servant worthy of patronage. On Saturday, the 12th, I went to -hunt and shot two female nilgaw. As the hunting-ground was a long way -from this halting-place, I on Monday marched 4½ kos<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e8612src" href="#xd24e8612" name= -"xd24e8612src">50</a> and pitched at the village of Kaid Ḥasan. -On Tuesday, the 15th, I killed three blue bulls, the larger one of -which weighed 12 maunds. On this day Mīrzā <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb403" href="#pb403" name= -"pb403">403</a>]</span>Rustam escaped a great danger.<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e8617src" href="#xd24e8617" name="xd24e8617src">51</a> It seems -that he had taken aim at a mark and fired his gun. Then he reloaded, -and as his bullet was very flexible, he rested the gun on his chest and -put the bullet between his teeth in order that he might contract it and -put it right. By chance the match reached the pan, and his chest at the -place where the gun was resting was burnt to the extent of the palm of -the hand, and the grains of powder got into his skin and flesh and a -wound was made, and he suffered much pain.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8627src" href="#xd24e8627" name="xd24e8627src">52</a></p> -<p class="par">On Sunday (?), the 16th,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8639src" href="#xd24e8639" name="xd24e8639src">53</a> four nilgaw -were killed, three females and one <i>būkra</i><a class="noteref" -id="xd24e8644src" href="#xd24e8644" name="xd24e8644src">54</a> nilgaw. -On Mubārak-s͟hamba (Thursday) I went to look round a hill -valley in which there was a waterfall near the camp. At this season it -had but little water, but as for two or three days they had dammed the -watercourse and, about the time of my reaching the place, let it loose, -it flowed over very well. Its height might be 20 <i>gaz</i>. It -separates at the top of the hill and flows down. In this way it is a -great boon (<i>g͟hanīmat</i>) on the road. Having enjoyed the -usual cups on the edge of the stream and the shade of the hill, I came -back to the camp at night. On this day the Zamindar of Jaitpur, whose -offences I had forgiven at the request of my son S͟hāh -Jahān, had the good fortune of kissing the threshold. On Friday, -the 18th, a large blue bull and a bukra, and on Saturday, the 19th, two -females, were killed. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb404" href= -"#pb404" name="pb404">404</a>]</span>As my huntsmen represented that -there was much game in the parganah of Ḥāṣilpūr, -I left my large camp at this halting-place, and on Sunday, the 20th, -and with some of my close attendants, hastened to -Ḥāṣilpūr, a distance of 3 kos. Mīr -Ḥusāmu-d-dīn, son of Mīr Jamālu-d-dīn -Ḥusain Injū, who has the title of -ʿAẓudu-d-daulah, was promoted to the mansab, original and -increase, of 1,000 personal and 400 horse. I presented Yādgār -Ḥusain Qūs͟h-begi and Yādgār -Qūrchī, who had been appointed to do duty in Bangash, with an -elephant each. On this day some Ḥusainī grapes without seeds -arrived from Kabul; they were very fresh. The tongue of this suppliant -at the throne of God fails in gratitude for the favours by which, -notwithstanding a distance of three months, grapes from Kabul arrive -quite fresh in the Deccan. On Monday, the 21st, three small blue bulls, -on Tuesday, the 22nd, one blue bull and three cows, and on -Kam-s͟hamba (Wednesday), the 23rd, one cow, were killed. On -Mubārak-s͟hamba, the 24th, a feast of cups was held on the -bank of the tank of Ḥāṣilpūr. Cups were presented -to my son S͟hāh Jahān and some of the great Amirs and -private servants. On Yūsuf K͟hān, son of Ḥusain -K͟hān (Tukriyah), who was of the houseborn ones worthy of -patronage, was bestowed the mansab of 3,000 personal and 1,500 horse, -original and increase, and he was dismissed to the faujdārship of -Gonḍwāna, dignifying him with a gift of a dress of honour -and an elephant. Rāy Bihārī Dās, the diwan of the -Subah of the Deccan, had the good fortune to kiss the threshold. On -Friday Jān-sipār K͟hān was exalted with a standard, -presented with a horse and a dress of honour, and despatched to the -Deccan. This day I made a remarkable shot with a gun. By chance there -was inside the palace a <i>khirnī</i> tree (<i>Mimusops -Kauki</i>). A <i>qurīs͟ha</i><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8670src" href="#xd24e8670" name="xd24e8670src">55</a> (?) came -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb405" href="#pb405" name= -"pb405">405</a>]</span>and sat on a high branch, and I saw its breast -in the midst of it. I fired at it and struck it in the middle of its -breast; from where I stood to the top of the branch was 22 gaz. On -Saturday, the 26th, marching about 2 kos, I pitched at the village of -Kamālpūr. On this day I shot a blue bull.<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e8675src" href="#xd24e8675" name="xd24e8675src">56</a> Rustam -K͟hān, who was one of the principal attendants of my son -S͟hāh Jahān, and who had been appointed from Burhanpur -with a body of the royal servants against the zamindars of -Gonḍwāna, having taken a tribute of 110 elephants and -120,000 rupees, came this day to wait upon me. Zāhid, son of -S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, was given the mansab of 1,000 -personal and 400 horse, original and increase. On Sunday, the 27th, I -hunted with hawks and falcons. On Monday I killed a large blue bull and -a bukra; the bull weighed 12½ maunds. On Tuesday, the 29th, a -blue bull was killed. Bahlūl Miyāna and Allah-yār came -from service in Gonḍwāna, and had the good fortune to wait -upon me. Bahlūl K͟hān is the son of Ḥasan -Miyāna, and Miyāna is an Afghan tribe. In the commencement of -his career Hasan was a servant of Ṣādiq K͟hān, but -a servant who recognized the king (worthy of a king’s service), -and was at last included among the royal servants and died on service -in the Deccan. After his death his sons were granted mansabs. He had -eight sons, and two of them became famous as swordsmen. The elder -brother in his youth gave up the deposit of his life. Bahlūl by -degrees was promoted to the mansab of 1,000. At this time my son -S͟hāh Jahān arrived at Burhanpur, and, finding him -worthy of patronage, made him hopeful with a mansab of 1,500 personal -and 1,000 horse. As he had not yet waited on me and was very desirous -to kiss the threshold, I summoned him to Court. He is in truth -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb406" href="#pb406" name= -"pb406">406</a>]</span>a good K͟hāna-zāda -(household-born one), inasmuch as his heart is adorned with the -perfection of bravery and his exterior is not wanting in good -appearance. The mansab my son S͟hāh Jahān had bespoken -for him was granted at his request, and he was honoured with the title -of Sar-buland K͟hān. Allah-yār Koka was also a brave -youth and a servant worthy of patronage. Finding him fit and suitable -for service in my presence, I sent for him to Court. On -Kam-s͟hamba (Wednesday), the 1st of the month of Āẕar, -I went out to hunt and shot a blue bull. On this day the -Kashmir<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8693src" href="#xd24e8693" name= -"xd24e8693src">57</a> reports were laid before me. One was that in the -house of a certain silk-seller two girls were born with teeth, and with -their backs as far as the waist joined together, but the heads, arms, -and legs were separate; they lived a short time and died. On -Mubārak-s͟hamba, the 2nd, on the bank of a tank where my -tents were, a feast of cups was held. Presenting Las͟hkar -K͟hān with a dress of honour and an elephant, I promoted him -to the duty of diwan of the Subah of the Deccan, and gave him the -mansab of 2,500 personal and 1,500 horse, original and increase. To -each of the Wakils of ʿĀdil K͟hān two<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e8696src" href="#xd24e8696" name= -"xd24e8696src">58</a> <i>kaukab-i-t̤āliʿ</i> (horoscope -star) muhrs, the weight of each of which was 500 ordinary muhrs, were -given. I gave a horse and robe of honour to Sar-buland K͟hān. -As fitting service and approved activity were manifest in -Allah-yār Koka, I honoured him with the title of Himmat -K͟hān and gave him a dress of honour. On Friday, the 3rd, I -marched 4¼ kos and halted the royal standards in the parganah of -Dik͟htān.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8702src" href= -"#xd24e8702" name="xd24e8702src">59</a> On Saturday also I marched -4¼ kos and halted at the township of Dhār.</p> -<p class="par">Dhār is one of the old cities, and Rāja Bhoj, -who was <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb407" href="#pb407" name= -"pb407">407</a>]</span>one of the great Rajas of Hindustan, lived in -it. From his time 1,000<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8712src" href= -"#xd24e8712" name="xd24e8712src">60</a> years have passed, and in the -time of the Sultans of Malwa it was for a long time the capital. At the -time when Sult̤ān Muḥammad Tug͟hluq was proceeding -to the conquest of the Deccan, he built a fort of cut stone on the top -of a ridge. Outside it is very showy and handsome, but inside the fort -is devoid of buildings. I ordered them to measure its length, breadth, -and height. The length inside the fort was 12 <i>t̤anāb</i>, -7 gaz; the breadth, 17 tanab, 13 gaz, and the breadth of the fort wall -19½ gaz. Its height up to the battlements appeared to be -17½ gaz. The length of the outer circuit (?) of the fort was 55 -tanabs. ʿAmīd S͟hāh G͟horī, who was -called Dilāwar K͟hān, and who in the time of -Sult̤ān Muḥammad, son of Sult̤ān -Fīrūz, king of Delhi, had complete authority over the -province of Malwa, built the Jāmiʿ mosque in the inhabitable -part outside the fort, and opposite the gate of the mosque fixed a -quadrangular iron column. When Sult̤ān Bahādur of -Gujarat took the province of Malwa into his own possession, he wished -to transfer this column to Gujarat. The artificers did not take proper -precautions when they lowered it, and it fell and broke into two -pieces, one of them of 7½ gaz and the other of 4¼ gaz. -The column was 1¼ gaz round. As it was lying there useless, I -ordered them to take the larger piece to Agra and put<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e8721src" href="#xd24e8721" name="xd24e8721src">61</a> it up in -the courtyard of the mausoleum of H.M. Akbar, and to burn a lamp on the -top of it at night. The aforesaid mosque has two gates. In front of the -arch of one gate some sentences in prose have been carved on a stone -tablet; their purport is that Amīd S͟hāh -G͟horī founded this mosque in the <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb408" href="#pb408" name="pb408">408</a>]</span>year -870,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8727src" href="#xd24e8727" name= -"xd24e8727src">62</a> and on the arch of the other gate a -<i>qaṣīda</i> has been written, and these few couplets are -from it—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“The lord of the age the star of the sphere of -glory,</p> -<p class="line">Centre of the people of the earth, sun of the zenith of -perfection,</p> -<p class="line">Asylum and support of religious law, ʿAmīd -S͟hāh Dāʾūd,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8740src" href="#xd24e8740" name="xd24e8740src">63</a></p> -<p class="line">In whose excellent qualities G͟hor glories,</p> -<p class="line">Helper and protector of the Faith of the Prophet, -Dilāwar K͟hān,</p> -<p class="line">Who has been chosen by the most mighty Lord (God),</p> -<p class="line">Founded the Jāmiʿ mosque in the city of -Dhār,</p> -<p class="line">At a fortunate, auspicious time, on a day of happy -omen.</p> -<p class="line">The date of eight hundred and seven<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e8755src" href="#xd24e8755" name="xd24e8755src">64</a> had -passed</p> -<p class="line">When the Court of hopes was completed by -Fortune.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">When Dilāwar K͟hān gave up the -deposit of his life there was no king with full dominion over -Hindustan, and it was a time of confusion. Hūs͟hang, son of -Dilāwar K͟hān, who was just and possessed of courage, -seeing his opportunity, sat on the throne of sovereignty in Malwa. -After his death through destiny the rule was transferred<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e8762src" href="#xd24e8762" name= -"xd24e8762src">65</a> to Maḥmūd K͟haljī, son of -K͟hān Jahān, who had been Vizier to Hūs͟hang -and passed from him to his son G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn, and -after him to Nāṣiru-d-dīn, son of -G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn, who gave his father poison and sat -on the throne of infamy. From him it passed to his son -Maḥmūd. Sult̤ān Bahādur of Gujarat took from -Maḥmūd the province of Malwa. The succession of kings of -Malwa ended with the aforesaid Maḥmūd.</p> -<p class="par">On Monday, the 6th, I went to hunt and shot a female -nilgaw. Presenting an elephant to Mīrzā -S͟harafu-d-dīn Ḥusain Kās͟hg͟harī, -I dismissed him to duty in the Subah of Bangash. A present of a -jewelled dagger, a muhr of 100 tolas, and 20,000 darbs was made to -Ūdā Rām. On Tuesday, the 7th, I shot an alligator in the -tank at Dhār. Though only the top of his snout was visible and the -rest of his body was hidden in the water, I fired <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb409" href="#pb409" name="pb409">409</a>]</span>at a -guess and hit him in his lungs and killed him with a single shot. An -alligator is of the crocodile species and exists in most of the rivers -of Hindustan, and grows very large. This one was not so very big. An -alligator has been seen (by me) 8 gaz long and 1 gaz in breadth. On -Sunday, marching 4½ kos, I halted at Saʿdalpūr. In -this village there is a stream over which Nāṣiru-d-dīn -K͟haljī built a bridge and erected buildings. It is a place -like Kāliyāda, and both are his works. Although his building -is not worthy of praise, yet as it has been built in the river-bed and -they have made rivulets and reservoirs, it is somewhat remarkable. At -night I ordered them to place lamps all round the canals and streams. -On Mubārak-s͟hamba (Thursday), the 9th, a feast of cups was -held. On this day I made a present to my son S͟hāh Jahān -of a ruby of one colour, weighing 9 tanks and 5 surkh, of the value of -125,000 rupees, with two pearls. This is the ruby which had been given -to my father at the time of my birth by Ḥaẓrat -Maryam-makānī, mother of H.M. Akbar, by way of present when -my face was shown, and was for many years in his <i>sarpīch</i> -(turban ornament). After him I also happily wore it in my sarpich. -Apart from its value and delicacy, as it had come down as of auspicious -augury to the everlasting State, it was bestowed on my son. Having -raised Mubāriz K͟hān to a mansab of 1,500 personal and -horse, I appointed him to the faujdārship of the province of -Mewāt, distinguishing him with the present of a dress of honour, a -sword, and an elephant. A sword was given to Himmat K͟hān, -son of Rustam K͟hān. I gave Kamāl K͟hān, the -huntsman, who is one of the old servants and is always present with me -on hunting expeditions, the title of S͟hikār K͟hān -(hunting-K͟hān). Appointing Ūdā Rām to service -in the Subah of the Deccan, I conferred on him a dress of honour, an -elephant, and Iraq horses (lit. wind-footed ones), and sent with him -for the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb410" href="#pb410" name= -"pb410">410</a>]</span>Commander-in-Chief, Khankhanan, the -Ātālīq, a special gilt dagger -(<i>zar-nis͟hān</i>). On Friday, the 10th, I halted. On -Saturday, the 11th, I marched 3¾ kos and halted at the village -of Ḥalwat.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8777src" href="#xd24e8777" -name="xd24e8777src">66</a> On Sunday, the 12th, marching 5 kos, I -halted in the parganah<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8781src" href= -"#xd24e8781" name="xd24e8781src">67</a> of Badnor. This parganah from -the time of my father had been in the jagir of Kes͟ho Dās -Mārū,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8790src" href="#xd24e8790" -name="xd24e8790src">68</a> and in fact had become a kind of -<i>wat̤an</i> (native country) to him. He had constructed gardens -and buildings. Out of these one was a well (<i>bāolī</i>) -(step-well probably) on the road, which appeared exceedingly pleasant -and well made. It occurred to me that if a well had to be made anywhere -on a roadside it should be built like this one. At least two such ought -to be made.</p> -<p class="par">On Monday, the 13th, I went to hunt and shot a blue -bull. From the day on which the elephant Nūr-bak͟ht was put -into the special elephant stables, there was an order that he should be -tied up in the public palace (court). Among animals elephants have the -greatest liking for water; they delight to go into the water, -notwithstanding the winter and the coldness of the air, and if there -should be no water into which they can go, they will take it from a -water-bag (<i>mas͟hk</i>) with their trunks and pour it over their -bodies. It occurred to me that however much an elephant delights in -water, and it is suited to their temperament, yet in the winter the -cold water must affect them. I accordingly ordered the water to be made -lukewarm (as warm as milk) before they (the elephants) poured it into -their trunks. On other days when they poured cold water over themselves -they evidently shivered, but with warm water, on the contrary they were -delighted. This usage is entirely my own. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb411" href="#pb411" name="pb411">411</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">On Tuesday, the 14th, marching 6 kos, I halted at -Sīlgaṛh (Sabalgaṛh ?). On Wednesday, the 15th, -crossing the Mahī River, a halt was made near Rāmgaṛh. -A march of 6 kos was made on Thursday, the 16th, and a halt was made -and a feast of cups held at a waterfall near the camp. Distinguishing -Sar-buland K͟hān with a standard and giving him an elephant, -I dismissed him to do duty in the Deccan. His mansab, original and -increase, was fixed at 1,500 personal and 1,200 horse. Rāja -Bhīm Narāyan, Zamindar of Gadeha, who had been promoted to -the mansab of 1,000 horse, obtained leave to go to his jagir. Having -raised Rāja Bharjīv, Zamindar of Baglāṇa, to the -mansab of 4,000, I gave him leave to go to his native country, and an -order was given that when he arrived there he should send to Court his -eldest son, who was his successor, that he might do duty in my -presence. I honoured Ḥājī Balūch, who was the -chief of the huntsmen and was an active and old servant, with the title -of Balūch K͟hān. On Friday, the 17th, marching 5 kos, I -alighted at the village of Dhāvala. On Saturday, the 18th, which -was the feast of Qurbān, after the Qurbān rites had been -performed, marching 3¼ kos, I halted on the bank of the tank of -the village of Nāgor.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8807src" href= -"#xd24e8807" name="xd24e8807src">69</a> On Sunday, the 19th, marching -about 5 kos, the royal standards were erected on the bank of the tank -of the village of Samriya. On Monday, the 20th, marching 4¼ kos, -we alighted at the chief place of the Doḥad<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8810src" href="#xd24e8810" name="xd24e8810src">70</a> parganah. -This parganah is on the boundary between Malwa and Gujarat. Until I -passed Badnor the whole country was a jungle, with an abundance of -trees and stony land. On Tuesday, the 21st, I halted. On -Kam-s͟hamba (Wednesday), the 22nd, marching 5¼ kos, I -halted at the village of Ranyād (Renāv ?). On Thursday, the -23rd, I halted and held a feast of cups on the bank of <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb412" href="#pb412" name="pb412">412</a>]</span>the -village tank. On Friday, the 24th, marching 2½ kos, the royal -standards were hoisted at the village of Jālot. At this halt some -jugglers from the Carnatic came and showed their tricks. One of them -placed one end of an iron chain, 5½ gaz in length and weighing 1 -seer and 2 dams,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8815src" href="#xd24e8815" -name="xd24e8815src">71</a> in his throat and slowly swallowed it with -the aid of water. It was for a while in his stomach; after this he -brought it up. On Saturday, the 25th, there was a halt. On Sunday, the -26th, marching 5 kos, I alighted at the village of Nīmdah. On -Monday, the 27th, also marching 5 kos, I pitched on the bank of a tank. -On Tuesday, the 28th, marching 3¾ kos, the royal standards -alighted near the township of Sahrā<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8833src" href="#xd24e8833" name="xd24e8833src">72</a> on the edge -of a tank. The flower of the lotus, which in the Hindi language they -call <i>kumudinī</i>, is of three colours—white, blue, and -red. I had already seen the blue and white, but had never seen the red. -In this tank red flowers were seen blooming. Without doubt it is an -exquisite and delightful flower, as they have said—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“From redness and moistness it will melt -away.”<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8843src" href="#xd24e8843" -name="xd24e8843src">73</a></p> -</div> -<p class="par first">The flower of the <i>kaṇwal</i><a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e8850src" href="#xd24e8850" name= -"xd24e8850src">74</a> is larger than the kumudini. Its flower is red. I -have seen in Kashmir many kanwal with a hundred leaves (petals). It is -certain that it opens during the day and becomes a bud at night. The -kumudini, on the contrary, is a bud during the day and opens at night. -The black bee, which the people of India call -<i>bhauṇrā</i>, always sits on these flowers, and goes -inside them to drink the juice that is in both of them. It often -happens that the kanwal flower closes and <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb413" href="#pb413" name="pb413">413</a>]</span>the bee remains in it -the whole night. In the same manner it remains in the kumudini flower. -When the flower opens it comes out and flies away. As the black bee is -a constant attendant on these flowers, the poets of India look on it as -a lover of the flower, like the nightingale, and have put into verse -sublime descriptions of it. Of these poets the chief was Tān Sen -Kalāwant, who was without a rival in my father’s service (in -fact, there has been no singer like him in any time or age). In one of -his compositions he has likened the face of a young man to the sun and -the opening of his eyes to the expanding of the kanwal and the exit of -the bee. In another place he has compared the side-glance of the -beloved one to the motion of the kanwal when the bee alights on it.</p> -<p class="par">At this place figs arrived from Ahmadabad. Although the -figs of Burhanpur are sweet and well-grown, these figs are sweeter and -with fewer seeds, and one may call them 5 per cent. better. On -Kam-s͟hamba, the 29th, and Mubārak-s͟hamba, the 30th, we -halted. At this stage Sar-farāz K͟hān came from -Ahmadabad and had the good fortune to kiss the threshold. Out of his -offerings a rosary of pearls, bought for 11,000 rupees, two elephants, -two horses, two bullocks and a riding cart, and some pieces of -Gujaratī cloth, were accepted, and the remainder presented to him. -Sar-farāz K͟hān is a grandson of Musāḥib Beg, -by which name he was called by Akbar after his grandfather, who was one -of the Amirs of Humāyūn. In the beginning of my reign I -increased his mansab and appointed him to the Subah of Gujarat. As he -had an hereditary connection with the Court as a Khana-zada (one born -in the house), he proved himself efficient in the Subah of Gujarat. -Considering him worthy of patronage, I gave him the title of -Sar-farāz K͟hān and raised him in the world, and his -mansab has risen to 2,000 personal and 1,000 horse. On Friday, -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb414" href="#pb414" name= -"pb414">414</a>]</span>the 1st of Day, I marched 3¾ kos and -halted on the bank of the tank of Jhasod.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8865src" href="#xd24e8865" name="xd24e8865src">75</a> At this -stage Rāy Mān, captain of the Khidmatiya,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e8868src" href="#xd24e8868" name="xd24e8868src">76</a> caught a -<i>rohū</i> fish and brought it. As I am particularly partial to -the flesh of fish, especially that of the rohu, which is the best kind -of fish in Hindustan, and I had never, notwithstanding much enquiry, -had one for eleven months from the time of crossing the pass of -Ghātī Chand<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8874src" href= -"#xd24e8874" name="xd24e8874src">77</a> until the present time, and now -obtained it, I was greatly delighted. I presented a horse to Rāy -Mān. Although the parganah of Dohad is reckoned as within the -boundary of Gujarat, yet, in fact, it was from this stage that all -things appeared different. The open plains and soil are of a different -kind; the people are different and the language of another description. -The jungle that appeared on the road, has fruit-bearing trees, such as -the mango and <i>khirnī</i> and tamarind, and the method of -guarding the cultivated fields is with hedges of <i>zaqqūm</i>. -The cultivators separate their fields with cactus, and leave a narrow -road between them for coming and going. Since all this country has a -sandy soil, when any movement takes place, so much dust rises that the -faces of people are seen with difficulty, so that one should call -Ahmadabad ‘Gardābād’<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8884src" href="#xd24e8884" name="xd24e8884src">78</a> (abode of -dust). On Saturday, the 2nd, having marched 3¾ kos, I encamped -on the bank of the Mahī. On Sunday, the 3rd, again after a march -of 3¾ kos, I halted at the village of Bardala. At this stage a -number of mansabdars who had been appointed to serve in Gujarat had the -good fortune to kiss the threshold. Marching 5 kos on Monday, the 4th, -the royal <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb415" href="#pb415" name= -"pb415">415</a>]</span>standards halted at Chitrasīmā, and -the next day, Tuesday, after a march of 5 kos, in parganah -Mondā.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8889src" href="#xd24e8889" name= -"xd24e8889src">79</a> On this day three blue bulls were killed; one was -larger than the others and weighed 13 maunds and 10 seers. On -Wednesday, the 6th, I marched 6 kos and halted in parganah -Naryād.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8892src" href="#xd24e8892" -name="xd24e8892src">80</a> In passing through the town I scattered -1,500 rupees. On Thursday, the 7th, marching 6½ kos, I halted in -the parganah of Pitlād.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8896src" href= -"#xd24e8896" name="xd24e8896src">81</a> In the country of Gujarat there -is no larger parganah than this; it has a revenue of 700,000 rupees, -equal to 23,000 current tumans of Iraq. The population of the town -(<i>qaṣba</i>), too, is dense. Whilst I passed through it I -scattered 1,000 rupees. All my mind is bent upon this, that under any -pretext the people of God may be benefited. As the chief way of riding -among the people of this country is in carts, I also wished to travel -in a cart. I sat for 2 kos in a cart, but was much troubled with the -dust, and after this till the end of the stage rode on horseback. On -the road Muqarrab K͟hān came from Ahmadabad, and had the good -fortune to wait on me, and presented an offering of a pearl he had -bought for 30,000 rupees. On Friday, the 8th, marching 6½ kos, -the place of the descent of prosperity was on the shore of the salt -sea.</p> -<p class="par">Cambay<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8904src" href= -"#xd24e8904" name="xd24e8904src">82</a> is one of the old ports. -According to the brahmins, several thousand years have passed since its -foundation. In the beginning its name was Trimbāwatī, and -Rāja Tryambak Kunwar had the government of the country. It would -take too long to write in detail the circumstances of the aforesaid -Raja as the brahmins relate it. In brief, when the turn to the -government came round <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb416" href= -"#pb416" name="pb416">416</a>]</span>to Rāja Abhay -Kumār,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8909src" href="#xd24e8909" name= -"xd24e8909src">83</a> who was one of his grandsons, by the decree of -heaven a great calamity happened to this city. So much dust and earth -were poured on it that all the houses and buildings were hidden, and -the means of livelihood of many people was destroyed. Before the -arrival of this calamity, an idol (<i>but</i>), which the Raja -worshipped, came in a dream and announced this event. The Raja with his -family embarked in a ship, and carried away the idol with them with a -pillar it had behind it for a support. By chance the ship also was -wrecked by a storm of misfortune. As there was left still a term of -life for the Raja, that pillar bore the boat of his existence in safety -to the shore, and he proposed to rebuild the city. He put up the pillar -as a mark of repopulation and the coming together of the people. As in -the Hindi language they call a pillar <i>istambh</i> and <i>khambh</i>, -they called the city Istambhnagarī and Khambāwatī, and -sometimes also Trimbāwatī, in connection with the -Raja’s name; Khambāwatī has by degrees and much use -become Khambāyat (Cambay). This port is one of the largest -ports<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8922src" href="#xd24e8922" name= -"xd24e8922src">84</a> in Hindustan and is near a firth, which is one of -the firths of the Sea of Oman. It has been estimated to be 7 kos in -width, and nearly 40 kos in length. Ships cannot come inside the firth, -but must cast anchor in the port of Gogā, which is a -dependency<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8925src" href="#xd24e8925" name= -"xd24e8925src">85</a> of Cambay and situated near the sea. Thence, -putting their cargoes into <i>ghurābs</i><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8930src" href="#xd24e8930" name="xd24e8930src">86</a> (commonly -called ‘grabs’) they bring them to the port of Cambay. In -the same way, at the time of loading a ship they carry the cargo in -ghurabs and put it in the ships. Before the arrival of the victorious -host some ghurabs from European ports had come to Cambay to buy and -sell, and were about to return. On Sunday, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb417" href="#pb417" name="pb417">417</a>]</span>the -10th, they decorated them and showed them to me. Taking leave they went -about their business. On Monday, the 11th, I myself went on board a -ghurab for about a kos on the face of the water. On Tuesday, the 12th, -I went out with cheetahs (<i>yūz</i>), and captured two<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e8942src" href="#xd24e8942" name= -"xd24e8942src">87</a> antelope. On Wednesday, the 13th, I went to see -the tank of Tārangsar (Narangsar?),<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8945src" href="#xd24e8945" name="xd24e8945src">88</a> and passed -through the streets and bazaar on the way, scattering nearly 5,000 -rupees. In the time of H.M. Akbar (may Allah’s lights be his -testimony), Kalyān Rāy, the superintendent of the port, by -His Majesty’s order built a wall of brick and cement round the -city, and many merchants came from various quarters and settled there, -and built fine houses and employed themselves in gaining their -livelihood under easy circumstances. Although its market is small, it -is clean and full of people. In the time of the Sultans of Gujarat the -customs of this port came to a large sum. Now in my reign it is ordered -that they should not take more than one in forty. In other ports, -calling it a tithe, they take one in ten or one in eight, and give all -kinds of trouble to merchants and travellers. In Jeddah, which is the -port of Mecca, they take one in four or even more. One may imagine from -this what the customs of the ports of Gujarat must have come to in the -time of the former rulers. God be praised that this suppliant at the -throne of God obtained the grace to remit the whole of the customs dues -of his dominions, which came to a countless sum, and the very name of -customs (<i>tamg͟hā</i>) has passed away from my empire. At -this time an order was given that tankas<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8959src" href="#xd24e8959" name="xd24e8959src">89</a> of gold and -silver should be coined twice the weight of ordinary muhrs and rupees. -The legend <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb418" href="#pb418" name= -"pb418">418</a>]</span>on the gold coin was on one side the words -“Jahāngīr-s͟hāhī, 1027” (1618), -and on the reverse “Struck in Cambay in the 12th year of the -reign.” The legend for silver coins was on one side “Sikka, -Jahāngīr-s͟hāhī, 1027”; round it this -hemistich, “King Jahāngīr of the conquering ray struck -this”; and on the reverse, “Coined at Cambay in the 12th -year of the reign,” with this second hemistich round -it—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“When after the conquest of the Deccan he came to -Gujarat from Māndū.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">In no reign except mine have tankas been coined -except of copper<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8970src" href="#xd24e8970" -name="xd24e8970src">90</a>; the gold and silver tankas are my -invention. I ordered it to be called the Jahāngīrī -coinage. On Mubārak-s͟hamba (Thursday), the 14th the offering -of Amānat K͟hān, the superintendent -(<i>mutaṣaddī</i>) of Cambay, was laid before me in the -women’s apartments. His mansab was fixed, original and increase, -at 1,500 personal and 400 horse. Nūru-d-dīn Qulī was -honoured with the mansab, original and increase, of 3,000 personal and -600 horse. On Friday, the 15th, mounted on the elephant -Nūr-bak͟ht, I made it run after a horse. It ran exceedingly -well, and when it was stopped stood well. This is the third time that I -myself have ridden it. On Saturday, the 16th, Rām Dās, son of -Jay Singh<a class="noteref" id="xd24e8988src" href="#xd24e8988" name= -"xd24e8988src">91</a>, was promoted to the mansab, original and -increase, of 1,500 personal and 700 horse. On Sunday, the 17th, an -elephant each was given to Dārāb K͟hān. Amānat -K͟hān, and Sayyid Bāyazīd Bārha. In these few -days during which I was encamped on the shore of the salt sea, -merchants, traders, indigent people, and other inhabitants of the port -of Cambay having been summoned before me, I gave each according to his -condition a dress of honour or a horse or travelling money or -assistance <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb419" href="#pb419" name= -"pb419">419</a>]</span>in living. On this day, Sayyid Muḥammad, -Ṣāḥib Sajjāda (Lord of the prayer carpet) of -S͟hāh ʿĀlam (a mosque near Ahmadabad), the sons of -S͟haik͟h Muḥammad G͟haus̤, S͟haik͟h -Ḥaidar, grandson of Miyān Wajīhū-d-dīn, and -other Shaikhs living at Ahmadabad came to meet me and pay their -respects. As my desire was to see the sea and the flow and ebb of the -water, I halted for ten days, and on Tuesday, the 19th (Day, about 30th -December, 1618), the royal standards started for Ahmadabad. The best -description of fish procurable in this place, the name of which is -<i>ʿarbīyat</i>,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9003src" href= -"#xd24e9003" name="xd24e9003src">92</a> was caught and frequently -brought for me by the fishermen. Without doubt these fish, are, as -compared with other fish of this country, more delicious and better, -but they are not of the flavour of the rohū. One might say as nine -to ten or even eight to ten. Of the food which is peculiar to the -people of Gujarat there is the <i>khichṛī</i> of -<i>bājrā</i> (a mixture of split peas and millet boiled -together); this they also call <i>laẕīẕa</i>. It is a -kind of split grain, which does not grow in any other country but -Hindustan, and which in comparison with many other regions of India is -more abundant in Gujarat; it is cheaper than most vegetables. As I had -never eaten it, I ordered them to make some and bring it to me. It is -not devoid of good flavour, and it suited me well. I ordered that on -the days of abstinence, when I partake of dishes not made with flesh, -they should frequently bring me this khichri On the said Tuesday having -marched 6¼ kos, I halted at the village of Kosālā. On -Wednesday, the 20th, I passed through the parganah of -Bābrā<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9018src" href="#xd24e9018" -name="xd24e9018src">93</a> and halted on the bank of the river. This -was a march of 6 kos. On Mubārak-s͟hamba, the 21st, I halted -and held a feast of cups. In this river I caught many fish, and divided -them among the servants who were present at the feast. On Friday, the -22nd, having moved on 4 kos, I pitched at <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb420" href="#pb420" name="pb420">420</a>]</span>the village of -Bāṛīchā. On this road, walls came in sight from -2½ to 3 <i>gaz</i> in length, and on enquiry it appeared that -people had made them from the desire of spiritual reward. When a porter -is tired on the road he places his burden on the wall and gains his -breath a little, and lifting it up again with ease and without -assistance from anyone proceeds towards his destination. This is one of -the peculiar ideas of the people of Gujarat. The building of these -walls pleased me greatly, and I ordered that in all large -towns<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9027src" href="#xd24e9027" name= -"xd24e9027src">94</a> they should make walls of this kind at the -imperial expense. On Saturday, the 23rd marching 4¾ kos, the -camp was pitched at the Kānkrīya tank. Qut̤bu-d-dīn -Muḥammad, grandson of Sult̤ān Aḥmad, the founder -of the city of Ahmadabad, made this tank, and placed round it steps of -stone and cement. In the middle of the tank he constructed a little -garden and some buildings. Between the bank of the tank and these -buildings he had made a causeway, which was the way for entering and -leaving, Since this occurred a long time ago, most of the buildings had -become dilapidated, and there was no place left fit to sit in. At the -time when the host of prosperity was about to proceed towards -Ahmadabad, Ṣafī K͟hān, bakhshī of Gujarat, -repaired at the expense of government what was broken down and in -ruins, and clearing out the little garden erected a new building in it. -Certainly it is a place exceedingly enjoyable and pleasant. Its style -pleased me. On the side where the causeway is, -Niz̤āmu-d-dīn Aḥmad,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9030src" href="#xd24e9030" name="xd24e9030src">95</a> who was for -a while bakhshi of Gujarat in my father’s time, had made a garden -on the bank of the tank. At this time a representation was made to me -that ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, in consequence of a dispute that -he had with ʿĀbid, son of Niz̤āmu-d-dīn -Aḥmad, cut down the trees of this garden. I also heard that -during his government <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb421" href= -"#pb421" name="pb421">421</a>]</span>he, at a wine party, signed to a -slave, and cut off the head of an unfortunate man who was not wanting -in fun and jesting, merely because in a state of drunkenness he had -uttered some improper expressions by way of a joke. On hearing these -two reports, my sense of justice was shocked, and I ordered the Diwans -to change one thousand of his two-horsed and three-horsed cavalry into -one-horsed, and to deduct from his jagir the difference (of pay), which -came to 7,000,000 dams<span class="corr" id="xd24e9035" title= -"Not in source">.</span></p> -<p class="par">As at this stage the tomb of S͟hāh -ʿĀlam was by the roadside, I recited the -<i>fātiḥa</i> in passing by it. About 100,000 rupees had -been spent in building this mausoleum. S͟hāh ʿĀlam -was the son of Qut̤b ʿĀlam, and their family goes back -to Mak͟hdūm-i-Jahāniyān<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9043src" href="#xd24e9043" name="xd24e9043src">96</a> (a saint). -The people of this country, high and low, have a wonderful belief in -him, and they say that S͟hāh ʿĀlam used to raise -the dead. After he had raised several dead men, his father became aware -of this and sent him a prohibition, saying it was presumption in him to -meddle with the workshop of God, and was contrary to true obedience. It -happened that S͟hāh ʿĀlam had an attendant (female) -who had no children, but at S͟hāh ʿĀlam’s -prayer God Almighty bestowed a son on her. When he reached his -27th<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9049src" href="#xd24e9049" name= -"xd24e9049src">97</a> year he died, and that slave came weeping and -wailing into his presence, saying, “My son has died, and he was -my only son; since God Almighty gave him to me by your favour, I am -hopeful that through your prayer he may become alive.” -S͟hāh ʿĀlam fell into thought for a time and went -into his cell, and the attendant went to his son, who greatly loved -her, and besought him to ask the S͟hāh to make his son alive. -The son, who was of tender years, went into his cell, and used much -entreaty. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb422" href="#pb422" name= -"pb422">422</a>]</span>S͟hāh ʿĀlam said, “If -you are content to give up your life for him, perhaps my petition may -be accepted.” He represented “I am perfectly contented with -what may be your wish and the desire of God.” S͟hāh -ʿĀlam took his son’s hands, and lifting him up from the -ground turned his face towards heaven and said, “O God, take this -kid in place of that one.” Instantaneously the boy surrendered -his soul to God, and S͟hāh ʿĀlam laid him down on -his own bed and covered his face with a sheet, and coming out of the -house said to that attendant, “Go home, and get news of thy son; -perhaps he may have been in a trance and not have died.” When she -arrived at her house she saw her son alive. In short, in the country of -Gujarat they say many things of this sort of S͟hāh -ʿĀlam. I myself asked Sayyid Muḥammad, who is lord of -his prayer carpet (in charge of the mausoleum), and who is not wanting -in excellence and reasonableness, what was the real state of the case. -He said, “I have also heard the same from my father and -grandfather, and it has come down in succession, and wisdom is from -Allah.” Although this affair is beyond the laws of understanding, -yet, as it has attained great notoriety among men, it has been recorded -as a strange occurrence. His departure from this perishable mansion to -the eternal world took place in 880 (1475), in the time of the reign of -Sult̤ān Maḥmūd Bīgara, and the buildings of -this mausoleum are the memorial of Tāj K͟hān -Tariyānī,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9054src" href= -"#xd24e9054" name="xd24e9054src">98</a> who was one of the Amirs of -Sult̤ān Muzaffar, the son of Maḥmūd.</p> -<p class="par">As an hour on Monday had been chosen for my entry into -the city, on Sunday, the 24th, I halted. At this place some melons came -from Kāriz, which is a town dependent on Herat, and it is certain -that in Khurasan there are no melons better than those of Kāriz. -Although <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb423" href="#pb423" name= -"pb423">423</a>]</span>this is at a distance of 1,400 kos, and kafilahs -(caravans) take five months to come, they arrived very ripe and fresh. -They brought so many that they sufficed for all the servants. Together -with these there came oranges (<i>kauṇlā</i>) from Bengal, -and though that place is 1,000 kos distant most of them arrived quite -fresh. As this is a very delicate and pleasant fruit, runners bring by -post as much as is necessary for private consumption, and pass it from -hand to hand. My tongue fails me in giving thanks to Allah for -this.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“Thankfulness for Thy favours is one of Thy -favours.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">On this day Amānat K͟hān presented -two elephants’ tusks; they were very large, one of them being 3 -cubits 8 <i>t̤assū</i> (finger-breadths) in length and 16 -tassu in circumference; it weighed 3 maunds and 2 seers, or 24½ -Iraq maunds. On Monday, the 25th, after six gharis, I turned towards -the city in pleasure and prosperity at the propitious hour, and mounted -the elephant Ṣūrat-gaj, a favourite elephant of mine, which -is perfect in appearance and disposition. Although he was fractious -(<i>mast</i>), I had confidence in my own riding and his pleasant paces -(<i>?</i>).<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9078src" href="#xd24e9078" name= -"xd24e9078src">99</a> Crowds of people, men and women, had assembled, -and were waiting in the streets and bazars and at the gates and the -walls. The city of Ahmadabad did not seem to me so worthy of praise as -I had heard. Although they had made the main road of the bazar wide and -spacious, they had not suited the shops to this breadth. Its buildings -are all of wood and the pillars of the shops slender and mean -(<i>zabūn</i>). The streets of the bazar were full of dust, and -there was dust from the Kānkriyā tank up to the citadel, -which in the dialect of the country they call Bhadar. I hastened along -scattering <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb424" href="#pb424" name= -"pb424">424</a>]</span>money. The meaning of Bhadar is -‘blessed’ (<i>bhadra</i>). The houses of the Sultans of -Gujarat, which were inside the Bhadar, have fallen into ruin within the -last fifty or sixty years, and no trace of them is left. However, our -servants who have been sent to the government of this country have -erected buildings. When I was proceeding from Māndū to -Ahmadabad, Muqarrab K͟hān had done up the old buildings and -prepared other places for sitting that were necessary, such as a -jharokha, a public audience hall, etc. As to-day was the auspicious day -for the weighing of my son S͟hāh Jahān, I weighed him in -the usual manner against gold and other things, and the 27th year from -his blessed birth began in pleasure and enjoyment. I hope that the -Giver of gifts will bestow him on this suppliant at His throne and let -him enjoy life and prosperity. On the same day I gave the province of -Gujarat in jagir to that son. From the fort of Māndū to the -fort of Cambay, by the road we came, it is 124 kos, which were -traversed in twenty-eight marches and thirty halts. I remained at -Cambay for ten days; from that place to the city of Ahmadabad is 21 -kos; which we traversed in five marches with two halts. Altogether, -from Māndū to Cambay and from Cambay to Ahmadabad by the road -we came is 145 kos, which we accomplished in two months and fifteen -days; this was in thirty-three marches and forty-two halts.</p> -<p class="par">On Tuesday, the 26th, I went to see the Jāmiʿ -mosque, and gave with my own hand in alms to the fakirs who were -present there about 500 rupees. This mosque was one of the memorials of -Sult̤ān Aḥmad, the founder of the city of Ahmadabad. It -has three gates,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9097src" href="#xd24e9097" -name="xd24e9097src">100</a> and on each side a bazar. Opposite the gate -that looks towards the east is the mausoleum of the said -Sult̤ān Aḥmad. In that dome Sult̤ān -Aḥmad, his son Muḥammad, and his <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb425" href="#pb425" name= -"pb425">425</a>]</span>grandson Qut̤bu-d-dīn are laid to -rest. The length of the court of the mosque, excluding -<i>maqṣūra</i> (the holy of holies), is 103<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e9105src" href="#xd24e9105" name= -"xd24e9105src">101</a> cubits, and its breadth 89 cubits. Round this -they have made an <i>aywān</i> (portico), in breadth 4¾ -cubits. The flooring of the court is of trimmed bricks, and the pillars -of the portico of red stone. The maqsura contains 354<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e9112src" href="#xd24e9112" name="xd24e9112src">102</a> -pillars, above which there is a dome. The length of the maqsura is 75 -cubits, and its breadth 37 cubits. The flooring of the maqsura, the -<i>mihrāb</i> (arch towards which the face is turned in prayer), -and the pulpit are made of marble. On both sides of the main arch -(<i>pīsh-t̤āq</i>) are two polished minarets of cut -stone, containing three <i>āshyāna</i> (stories) beautifully -shaped and decorated. On the right-hand side of the pulpit near the -recess of the maqsura they have made a separate seat for the king. The -space between the pillars has been covered in with a stone platform, -and round this up to the roof of the maqsura they have put stone -cages<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9124src" href="#xd24e9124" name= -"xd24e9124src">103</a> (in which women sit so as not to be seen). The -object of this was that when the king came to the Friday service or the -ʿĪd he went up there with his intimates and courtiers, and -performed his devotions. This in the dialect of the country they call -the Mulūk-k͟hāna (King’s chamber). This practice -and caution were on account of the crowding of the people. Truly this -mosque is a very noble building.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9129src" -href="#xd24e9129" name="xd24e9129src">104</a></p> -<p class="par">On Wednesday,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9134src" href= -"#xd24e9134" name="xd24e9134src">105</a> the 27th, I went to the -monastery of S͟haik͟h Wajīhu-d-dīn, which was near -the palace, and the <i>fātiḥa</i> was read at the head of -his shrine, which is in the court of the monastery. Ṣādiq -K͟hān, who was one of the chief Amirs of my father, built -this monastery. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb426" href="#pb426" -name="pb426">426</a>]</span>The Shaikh was a successor of -S͟haik͟h Muḥammad G͟haus̤,<a class="noteref" -id="xd24e9142src" href="#xd24e9142" name="xd24e9142src">106</a> but a -successor against whom the teacher disputed. -Wajīhu-d-dīn’s loyalty to him is a clear proof<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e9145src" href="#xd24e9145" name= -"xd24e9145src">107</a> of the greatness of S͟haik͟h -Muḥammad G͟haus̤. S͟haik͟h -Wajīhu-d-dīn was adorned with visible excellencies and -spiritual perfection. He died thirty years ago in this city -(Ahmadabad), and after him S͟haik͟h ʿAbdu-llah, -according to his father’s will, took his place. He was a very -ascetic dervish. When he died his son S͟haik͟h Asadu-llah sat -in his place, and also quickly went to the eternal world. After him his -brother S͟haik͟h Ḥaidar became lord of the prayer -carpet, and is now alive, and is employed at the grave of his father -and grandfather in the service of dervishes and in looking after their -welfare. The traces of piety are evident on the forehead of his life. -As it was the anniversary festival of S͟haik͟h -Wajīhu-d-dīn, 1,500 rupees were given to S͟haik͟h -Ḥaidar for the expenses of the anniversary, and I bestowed 1,500 -rupees more on the band of fakirs who were present in the monastery, -with my own hand in charity, and made a present of 500 rupees to the -grandson (?) of S͟haik͟h Wajīhu-d-dīn. In the same -way I gave something for expenses, and land to each of his relatives -and adherents according to his merit. I ordered S͟haik͟h -Ḥaidar to bring before me the body of dervishes and deserving -people who were associated with him, in order that they might ask for -money for expenses and for land. On Thursday, the 28th, I went to look -round the Rustam-K͟hān-bāṛī, and scattered -1,500 rupees on the road. They call a garden a -<i>bāṛī</i> in the language of India. This is -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb427" href="#pb427" name= -"pb427">427</a>]</span>a garden that my brother S͟hāh -Murād made in the name of his son Rustam. I made a Thursday -entertainment in this garden, and gave cups to some of my private -servants. At the end of the day I went to the little garden of the -<i>ḥawālī</i> (mansion) of S͟haik͟h Sikandar, -which is situated in the neighbourhood of this garden, and which has -exceedingly good figs. As picking the fruit with one’s own hand -gives it quite a different relish, and I had never before plucked figs -with my own hand, their excellence in this respect was approved. -S͟haik͟h Sikandar<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9160src" href= -"#xd24e9160" name="xd24e9160src">108</a> is by origin a Gujarati, and -is not wanting in reasonableness, and has complete information about -the Sultans of Gujarat. It is now eight or nine years since he has been -employed among the servants (of the State). As my son S͟hāh -Jahān had appointed to the government of Ahmadabad Rustam -K͟hān, who is one of his chief officers, at his request I, in -accordance with the association of his name, presented him with (the -garden) Rustam-bāṛī. On this day Rāja Kalyān, -zamindar of the province of Īḍar, had the good fortune to -kiss my threshold, and presented an elephant and nine horses as an -offering; I gave him back the elephant. He is one of the most -considerable zamindars on the frontier of Gujarat, and his country is -close to the hill-country of the Rānā. The Sultans of Gujarat -constantly sent armies against the Raja of that place. Although some of -them have professed obedience and presented offerings, for the most -part none of them have come to see anyone personally. After the late -king Akbar conquered Gujarat, the victorious army was sent to attack -him. As he understood that his deliverance lay in obedience and -submission, he agreed to serve and be loyal, and hastened to enjoy the -good fortune of kissing the threshold. From that date he has been -enrolled among the servants (of the <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb428" href="#pb428" name="pb428">428</a>]</span>State). He comes to -see whoever is appointed to the government of Ahmadabad, and when work -and service are necessary appears with a body of his men. On Saturday, -the 1st of the month of Bahman, in the 12th year of my reign, Chandar -Sen, who is one of the chief zamindars of this country, had the good -fortune to kiss the threshold, and presented an offering of nine -horses. On Sunday, the 2nd, I gave elephants to Rāja Kalyān, -zamindar of Īḍar, to Sayyid Muṣt̤afā, and -Mīr Fāẓil. On Monday I went out hawking, and scattered -nearly 500 rupees on the road. On this day pears came from Badakhshan. -On Mubārak-s͟hamba, the 6th, I went to see the “garden -of victory” at the village of Sair-khaiz (Sarkhej), and scattered -1,500 rupees on the way. As the tomb of S͟haik͟h Aḥmad -K͟haṭṭū<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9165src" href= -"#xd24e9165" name="xd24e9165src">109</a> is on the road, I first went -there and the <i>fātiḥa</i> was read. -K͟haṭṭū is the name of a town in the Sarkar of -Nāgor, and was the birthplace of the Shaikh.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9172src" href="#xd24e9172" name="xd24e9172src">110</a> The Shaikh -lived in the time of Sult̤ān Aḥmad, who founded the -city of Ahmadabad, and the latter had a great respect for him. The -people of this country have a strange belief in him, and consider him -one of the great saints. Every Friday night a great crowd of people, -high and low, go to visit his shrine. Sult̤ān Muḥammad, -son of the aforesaid Sult̤ān Aḥmad, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb429" href="#pb429" name= -"pb429">429</a>]</span>built lofty buildings in the shape of -mausoleums, mosques, and monasteries at the head of his tomb, and near -his mausoleum on the south side made a large tank, and surrounded it -with stone and lime (masonry). This building was completed in the time -of Qut̤bu-d-dīn, son of the aforesaid Muḥammad. The -shrines of several of the Sultans of Gujarat are on the bank of the -tank by the feet of the Shaikh. In that dome there have been laid at -rest Sult̤ān Maḥmūd Bīgara, Sult̤ān -Muz̤affar, his son, and Maḥmūd, the martyr, grandson of -Sult̤ān Muz̤affar, and who was the last of the Sultans -of Gujarat. Bīgara, in the language of the people of Gujarat, -signifies ‘turned-up moustache,’ and Sult̤ān -Maḥmūd had a large turned-up moustache; on this account they -call him Bīgara. Near his (S͟haik͟h -K͟haṭṭū’s) tomb is the dome of his -ladies.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9183src" href="#xd24e9183" name= -"xd24e9183src">111</a> Without doubt the mausoleum of the Shaikh is a -very grand building and a beautiful place. It is estimated that 500,000 -rupees were spent on it. God only knows what is true.</p> -<p class="par">After performing this visitation I went to -Fatḥ-bāg͟h (garden of victory). This garden is situated -on the ground on which the Commander-in-Chief, -K͟hānk͟hānān Ātālīq fought with -and defeated Nabū (Nannū? Nanhū?), who gave himself the -title of Muz̤affar K͟hān. On this account he called it -Bāg͟h-i-fatḥ; the people of Gujarat call it -Fatḥ-bāṛī. The details of this are that when, by -means of the good fortune of the late king Akbar, the country of -Gujarat was conquered, and Nabū fell into his hands, -Iʿtimād K͟hān represented that he was the son of a -carter. As no son was left by Sult̤ān Maḥmūd, and -moreover there was no one of the descendants of the Sultans of Gujarat -whom he could raise to the throne, he (Iʿtimād) had accepted -the most available course, and had made out that this was the son of -Maḥmūd. He gave him <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb430" -href="#pb430" name="pb430">430</a>]</span>the name of Sult̤ān -Muz̤affar, and raised him to the sovereignty. Men from necessity -consented to this. As His Majesty considered the word of -Iʿtimād K͟hān of weight, he ignored Nabū, and -for some time he did duty among the servants, and the king paid no -attention to his case. In consequence of this he ran away from -Fatḥpūr, and coming to Gujarat lived for some years under -the protection of the zamindars. When S͟hihābu-d-dīn -Aḥmad K͟hān was turned out from the government of -Gujarat and Iʿtimād K͟hān installed in his place, a -body of the servants of S͟hihābu-d-dīn K͟hān, -who were attached to Gujarat, separated from him, and remained at -Ahmadabad in the hope of service with Iʿtimād. After -Iʿtimād entered the city they had recourse to him, but had no -good luck with him. They had not the face to go to -S͟hihābu-d-dīn, and had no prospects in Ahmadabad. As -they were without hope they thought their remedy lay in betaking -themselves to Nabū, and in making him an excuse for disturbance. -With this intent 600 or 700 horsemen from among them went to Nabū -and carried him off along with Lonā Kāthī, under whose -protection he was living, and proceeded to Ahmadabad. When he arrived -near the city many wretched men on the look out for an occasion joined -him, and nearly 1,000 horsemen, Mughals and Gujaratis, collected -together. When Iʿtimād K͟hān became aware of this -he left his son S͟hīr K͟hān in the city, and -hastened off in search of S͟hihāb K͟hān, who was -proceeding towards the Court, in order that with his help he might -quiet the disturbance. Many of the men had separated themselves from -him, and he read on the faces of those who were left the signs of -unfaithfulness, but S͟hihābu-d-dīn, in company with -Iʿtimād K͟hān, turned his rein. It happened that -before their arrival Nabū had entered the fort of Ahmadabad. Those -who were loyal drew up their troops near the city, and the rebels came -out of the fort and hastened to the <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb431" href="#pb431" name="pb431">431</a>]</span>battlefield. When the -army of the rebels showed itself, those of the servants of -S͟hihāb K͟hān who were left took the wrong road and -joined the enemy. S͟hihāb K͟hān was defeated and -hastened towards Paṭan (Pātan?), which was in the possession -of the royal servants. His retinue and camp were plundered, and -Nabū, bestowing mansabs and titles on the rebels, went against -Qut̤bu-d-dīn Muḥammad K͟hān, who was in -Baroda. The servants of the latter, like the servants of -S͟hihāb K͟hān, took the road of faithlessness and -chose separation, as is related in detail in the Akbar-nāma. In -the end, after giving his word to Qut̤bu-d-dīn -Muḥammad, he sent him to martyrdom, and his goods and property, -which were equal to the treasure of his courtesy and grandeur, were -plundered. Nearly 45,000 horsemen collected round Nabū.</p> -<p class="par">When this state of affairs was represented to H.M. Akbar -he sent against him Mīrzā K͟hān, son of Bairām -K͟hān, with a force of brave warriors. On the day when -Mīrzā K͟hān arrived near the city, he drew up the -ranks of good fortune. He had about 8,000 or 9,000 horse, and Nabū -met him with 30,000, and drew up his host tainted with ruin. After -prolonged fighting and slaughter the breeze of victory blew on the flag -of the loyal, and Nabū, being defeated, fled in wretched plight. -My father, in reward for this victory, gave Mīrzā -K͟hān a mansab of 5,000 with the title of -K͟hānk͟hānān and the government of the country -of Gujarat. The garden that K͟hānk͟hānān made -on the field of battle is situated on the bank of the River -Sābarmatī. He founded lofty buildings along that eminence on -the river, and made a strong wall of stone and cement round the garden. -The garden contains 120 <i>jarīb</i> of land, and is a charming -resort. It may have cost 200,000 rupees. It pleased me greatly. One may -say that in the whole of Gujarat there is no garden like this. -Arranging a Thursday feast, I bestowed cups on my private servants, and -remained there for the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb432" href= -"#pb432" name="pb432">432</a>]</span>night. At the end of the day, on -Friday, I entered the city, scattering about 1,000 rupees on the road. -At this time the gardener represented that a servant of Muqarrab -K͟hān had cut down some <i>champā</i> trees above the -bench alongside the river. On hearing this I became angry, and went -myself to enquire into the matter and to exact satisfaction. When it -was established that this improper act had been committed by him, I -ordered both his thumbs to be cut off as a warning to others. It was -evident that Muqarrab K͟hān knew nothing of this affair, or -otherwise he would have punished him there and then. On Tuesday, the -11th, the Kotwal of the city caught a thief and brought him. He had -committed several thefts before, and each time they had cut off one of -his members; once his right hand, the second time the thumb of his left -hand, the third time his left ear, and fourth time they hamstringed -him, and the last time his nose; with all this he did not give up his -business, and yesterday entered the house of a grass-seller in order to -steal. By chance the owner of the house was on the look out and seized -him. The thief wounded the grass-seller several times with a knife and -killed him. In the uproar and confusion his relatives attacked the -thief and caught him. I ordered them to hand over the thief to the -relatives of the deceased, that they might retaliate on him.</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“The lines of the face show the thought of your -head (?).”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">On Wednesday, the 12th, 3,000 rupees were handed -over to ʿAz̤amat K͟hān and Muʿtaqad -K͟hān, that they might go the next day to the tomb of -S͟haik͟h Aḥmad K͟haṭṭū, and -divide it among the fakirs and indigent people who had taken up their -abode there. On Thursday, the 13th, I went to the lodging of my son -S͟hāh Jahān, and held a Mubārak-s͟hamba -entertainment there, and distributed cups among my private servants. I -gave my son the elephant Sundar Mathan,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9217src" href="#xd24e9217" name="xd24e9217src">112</a> which was -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb433" href="#pb433" name= -"pb433">433</a>]</span>superior to all my private elephants in speed -and beauty and pleasant paces, and competed with horses, and was the -first among the elephants, and one much liked by King Akbar. My son -S͟hāh Jahān had a great liking for him, and frequently -asked him of me, and seeing no way out of it I gave it to him with its -gold belongings of chains, etc., together with a female elephant. A -present of 100,000 of darbs was given to the wakils of ʿĀdil -K͟hān. At this time it was represented<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9222src" href="#xd24e9222" name="xd24e9222src">113</a> to me that -Mukarram K͟hān, son of Muʿaz̤z̤am -K͟hān, who was the governor of Orissa, had conquered the -country of K͟hūrdā, and that the Raja of that place had -fled and gone into the Rājmahendra. As he was a -<i>k͟hāna-zād</i> (houseborn one) and worthy of -patronage, I ordered his mansab, original and increase, to be 3,000 -personal and 2,000 horse, and honoured him with drums, a horse, and a -dress of honour. Between the province of Orissa and Golconda there were -two zamindars, one the Raja of K͟hūrdā and the second -the Raja of Rājmahendra. The province of K͟hūrdā -has come into the possession of the servants of the Court. After this -it is the turn of the country of Rājmahendra. My hope in the grace -of Allah is that the feet of my energy may advance farther. At this -time a petition from Qut̤bu-l-mulk reached my son S͟hāh -Jahān to the effect that as the boundary of his territory had -approached that of the King, and he owed service to this Court, he -hoped an order would be issued to Mukarram K͟hān not to -stretch out his hand, and to acquire possession of his country. It was -a proof of Mukarram’s valour and energy that such a one as -Qut̤bu-l-mulk should be apprehensive about his (Mukarram) becoming -his neighbour.</p> -<p class="par">On this day Ikrām K͟hān, son of -Islām K͟hān, was appointed faujdār of -Fatḥpūr and its neighbourhood, and presented with a dress of -honour and an elephant; Chandar <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb434" -href="#pb434" name="pb434">434</a>]</span>Sen, the zamindar of -Haloẕ (Halwad?),<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9232src" href= -"#xd24e9232" name="xd24e9232src">114</a> was given a dress of honour, a -horse, and an elephant. An elephant was also given to Lāchīn -Qāqs͟hāl. At the same time Muz̤affar,<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e9235src" href="#xd24e9235" name= -"xd24e9235src">115</a> son of Mīrzā Bāqī -Tark͟hān, had the honour of kissing the threshold. His mother -was the daughter of Bārha (Bhārā), the zamindar of -Kachh. When Mīrzā Bāqī died and the government of -Thatta went to Mīrzā Jānī, Muz̤affar was -apprehensive of Mīrzā Jānī, and he took refuge with -the aforesaid zamindar. He had remained from his childhood until now in -that country. Now that the fortunate retinue had reached Ahmadabad, he -came and did homage. Though he had been reared among men of the wilds, -and was unfamiliar with civilized ways and ceremonies, yet as his -family had had the relations of service with our exalted dynasty from -the times of Timur<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9238src" href= -"#xd24e9238" name="xd24e9238src">116</a>—may God make his proof -clear!—I considered it right to patronize him. For the present I -gave him 2,000 rupees for expenses, and a dress of honour. A suitable -rank will be given to him, and perhaps he will show himself efficient -as a soldier.</p> -<p class="par">On Thursday, the 20th, I went to the “Garden of -Victory,” and contemplated the red roses. One plot had bloomed -well. There are not many red roses (<i>gul-i-surk͟h</i>) in this -country, so it was pleasant to see so many here. The anemone<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e9252src" href="#xd24e9252" name= -"xd24e9252src">117</a> bed, too, was not bad, and the figs had -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb435" href="#pb435" name= -"pb435">435</a>]</span>ripened. I gathered some figs with my own hands, -and weighed the largest one. It came to 7½ tolas. On this day -there arrived 1,500 melons from Kārīz. The K͟hān -ʿĀlam had sent them as a present. I gave a thousand of them -to the servants in attendance, and five hundred to the women of the -harem. I spent four days in this garden in enjoyment, and on Monday -eve, the 24th, I came to the city. Some of the melons were given to the -Shaikhs of Ahmadabad, and they were astonished to see how inferior were -the Gujarat melons. They marvelled at the goodness of the Deity.</p> -<p class="par">On Thursday, the 27th, I held a wine-feast in the -Nagīna<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9261src" href="#xd24e9261" name= -"xd24e9261src">118</a> garden, which is inside the palace grounds, and -which one of the Gujarat Sultans had planted. I made my servants happy -with flowing bowls. A pergola (<i>tak͟hta</i>) of grapes had -ripened in this garden, and I bade those who had been drinking to -gather the bunches with their own hands and partake of them.</p> -<p class="par">On Monday, the 1st of Isfandārmuẕ, I left -Ahmadabad and marched towards Malwa. I scattered money on the road till -we reached the bank of the Kānkriyā tank, where I halted for -three days. On Thursday, the 4th, the presents of Muqarrab -K͟hān were laid before me. There was nothing rare among them, -nor anything that I took a fancy to, and so I felt ashamed. I gave them -to my children to take into the harem. I accepted jewellery and -decorated vessels and cloths to the value of a lakh, and gave him back -the rest. Also about one hundred Kachhi horses were taken, but there -was none of great excellence.</p> -<p class="par">On Friday, the 5th, I marched 6 kos, and encamped on the -bank of the Ahmadabad River. As my son S͟hāh Jahān was -leaving Rustam K͟hān, one of his chief servants, in charge of -the government of Gujarat, I, at my son’s request, gave him a -standard, drums, a dress <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb436" href= -"#pb436" name="pb436">436</a>]</span>of honour, and a decorated dagger. -Up till now it had not been the custom in this dynasty to give to the -prince’s servants standards or drums. For instance, H.M. Akbar -with all his affection and graciousness to me, did not decide upon -giving to my officers a title or a standard. But my consideration for -this son is so unbounded that I would do anything to please him, and, -in fact, he is an excellent son, and one adorned with every grace, and -in his early youth has accomplished to my satisfaction, everything that -he has set his hand to.</p> -<p class="par">On this day Muqarrab K͟hān took leave to go to -his home.</p> -<p class="par">As the shrine of Qut̤b ʿĀlam, the father -of S͟hāh ʿĀlam Buk͟hārī, was in the -village of Batoh,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9280src" href="#xd24e9280" -name="xd24e9280src">119</a> and on my way, I went there and gave 500 -rupees to the guardians. On Saturday, the 6th, I entered a boat on the -Mahmūdābād River and went a-fishing. On the bank is the -tomb of Sayyid Mubārak Buk͟hārī. He was one of the -leading officers of Gujarat, and his son Sayyid Mīrān erected -this monument to him. It is a very lofty cupola, and there is a very -strong wall of stone and lime round it. It must have cost more than two -lakhs of rupees. None of the tombs of the Gujarat Sultans that I saw -came up to one-tenth of it. Yet they were sovereigns, and Sayyid -Mīrān was only a servant. Genius and the help of God have -produced this result. A thousand blessings on a son who has made such a -tomb for his father:<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9283src" href= -"#xd24e9283" name="xd24e9283src">120</a></p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“That there may remain a memorial of him upon -earth.”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">On Sunday I halted and fished, and caught 400 -fish. One of them had no scales, and is called the -<i>sang-māhī</i>, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb437" href= -"#pb437" name="pb437">437</a>]</span>‘the stone-fish.’ Its -belly was very large and swollen, so I ordered them to cut it open in -my presence. Inside was a fish with scales which it had recently -swallowed and which had as yet undergone no change. I told them to -weigh both fish. The stone-fish came to 6½ seers and the other -to nearly 2.</p> -<p class="par">On Monday, the 8th, I marched 4¼ kos, and -encamped in the village of Moda (Mahāondat). The inhabitants -praised the rainy season of Gujarat. It happened that on the previous -night and on this day before breakfast some rain fell, and the dust was -laid. As this is a sandy country, it is certain that there would not be -any dust in the rainy season, nor would there be any mud. The fields -would be green and cheerful. At any rate, a specimen of the rainy -season has been seen by me. On Tuesday I marched 5½ kos, and -halted at the village of Jarsīma (Jarīsamā).<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e9298src" href="#xd24e9298" name= -"xd24e9298src">121</a></p> -<p class="par">At this stage news came that Mān Singh -Sewṛā had surrendered his soul to the lords of hell. The -account of this in brief is that the Sewras<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9304src" href="#xd24e9304" name="xd24e9304src">122</a> are a -tribe of infidel Hindus who always go with their head and feet bare. -One set of them root out their hair, their beards, and moustaches, -while another set shave them. They do not wear sewn garments, and their -central principle is that no living creature should be injured. The -Banyans regard them as their <i>pīrs</i> and teachers, and even -worship them. There are two sects of Sewras, one called Patā -(Tapā) and the other Kanthal (Kartal). Mān Singh was the head -of the latter, and Bāl Chand the head of the Patās.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd24e9310src" href="#xd24e9310" name= -"xd24e9310src">123</a> Both of them used to attend upon H.M. Akbar. -When he died and K͟husrau fled and I pursued him, Rāy Singh -Bhurṭiyā, zamindar of Bikanir, who had been made an -Amīr by Akbar’s kindness, asked Mān Singh what -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb438" href="#pb438" name= -"pb438">438</a>]</span>would be the duration of my reign and the -chances of my success. That black-tongued fellow, who pretended to be -skilled in astrology and the extraction of judgments, said to him that -my reign would, at most, last for two years. The doting old idiot -(Rāy Singh) relied upon this, and went off without leave to his -home. Afterwards, when the glorious God chose out this suppliant and I -returned victorious to the capital, he came, ashamed and downcast, to -Court. What happened to him in the end has been told in its proper -place.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9315src" href="#xd24e9315" name= -"xd24e9315src">124</a> In fine, Mān Singh, in the course of three -or four months, was struck with leprosy (<i>juẕām</i>), and -his limbs fell off him till he was in such a state that death was by -many degrees preferable to life. He was living at Bikanir, and now I -remembered him and sent for him. On the road he, out of excessive fear, -took poison, and surrendered his soul to the lords of hell. So long as -the intentions of this suppliant at God’s courts are just and -right, it is sure that whoever devises evil against me will receive -retribution according to his merits.</p> -<p class="par">The sect of the Sewras exists in most of the cities of -India, but is especially numerous in Gujarat. As the Banyans are the -chief traders there, consequently the Sewras also are plentiful. -Besides making idol-temples for them, they have built houses for them -to dwell in and to worship in. In fact, these houses are the -headquarters of sedition. The Banyans send their wives and daughters to -the Sewras, who have no shame or modesty. All kinds of strife and -audacity are perpetrated by them. I therefore ordered that the Sewras -should be expelled, and I circulated farmans to the effect that -wherever there were Sewras in my empire they should be turned out. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb439" href="#pb439" name= -"pb439">439</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">On Wednesday, the 10th, I went out to hunt, and shot two -nilgaw, one male and one female. On this day the son of Dilāwar -K͟hān came from Pattan, which was his father’s fief, -and paid his respects. He presented a Kachhī horse. It was a very -handsome animal, and pleasant to ride. Till I came to Gujarat no one -had presented me with so fine a horse. Its value was 1,000 rupees.</p> -<p class="par">On Thursday, the 11th, I had a wine party on the bank of -the tank, and bestowed many favours on those servants who had been -appointed to the province, and then dismissed them. Among the -promotions was that of S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, the -Arab, to the rank of 2,500 personal and 2,000 horse. I also gave him -drums, a horse, and a robe of honour. Himmat K͟hān was raised -to the rank of 1,500 with 800 horse, and had a robe of honour and an -elephant. Kifāyat K͟hān, who was made Diwan of the -province, received the rank of 1,200 with 300 horse. Ṣafī -K͟hān bakhshi received a horse and a robe of honour. -K͟hwāja ʿĀqil had the rank of 1,500 with 650 horse, -and was made bakhshi of the Ahadis, and had the title of -ʿĀqil K͟hān. Thirty thousand darbs were given to -the wakil of Qut̤bu-l-Mulk, who had brought the tribute.</p> -<p class="par">On this day my son S͟hāh Jahān presented -pomegranates and quinces that had been sent to him from Farāh. I -had never seen such large ones, and I ordered them to be weighed. The -quince weighed 29 tolas 9 mashas and the pomegranate 40½ tolas. -On Friday, the 12th, I went a-hunting and shot two nilgaw, a male and a -female. On Saturday, the 13th, I shot three nilgaw, two males and one -female. On Sunday, the 14th, I gave S͟haik͟h -Ismāʿīl, the son of S͟haik͟h Muḥammad -G͟haus̤, a robe of honour and 500 rupees. On Monday, the -15th, I went a-hunting and shot two female nilgaw. On Tuesday, the -16th, I again presented the Shaikhs of Gujarat, who were in attendance, -with robes of honour and maintenance-lands. To each of them I gave a -book from my special <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb440" href="#pb440" -name="pb440">440</a>]</span>library, such as the -Tafsīr-i-kas͟hs͟hāf,<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9339src" href="#xd24e9339" name="xd24e9339src">125</a> the -Tafsīr-i-Ḥusainī,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9342src" -href="#xd24e9342" name="xd24e9342src">126</a> and the -Rauẓatu-l-aḥbāb.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9345src" -href="#xd24e9345" name="xd24e9345src">127</a> I wrote on the back of -the books the day of my arrival in Gujarat and the day of presentation -of the books.</p> -<p class="par">At the time that Ahmadabad was adorned by the setting up -of the royal standards my employment by day and by night was the seeing -of necessitous persons and the bestowing on them of money and land. I -directed S͟haik͟h Aḥmad the Ṣadr and some other -tactful servants to bring before me dervishes and other needy persons. -I also directed the sons of S͟haik͟h Muhammad -G͟haus̤, the grandson of S͟haik͟h -Wajīhu-d-dīn, and other leading Shaikhs to produce whatever -persons they believed to be in want. Similarly I appointed some women -to do the same thing in the harem. My sole endeavour was that as I a -king had come to this country after many years, no single person should -be excluded. God is my witness that I did not fall short in this task, -and that I never took any rest from this duty. Although I have not been -delighted with my visit to Ahmadabad, yet I have this -satisfaction—that my coming has been the cause of benefit to a -large number of poor people.</p> -<p class="par">On Tuesday, the 16th, they caught Kaukab, the son of -Qamar K͟hān. He had in Burhanpur put on a faqir’s dress -and gone off into the wilds. The brief account of his case is -this:—He was the grandson of Mīr -ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf, who was one of the Saifī Sayyids -and was attached to this Court. Kaukab had been appointed to the Deccan -army, and had spent some days with it in poverty and wretchedness. When -for a long time he did not get promotion he suspected that I was -unfavourable to him, and foolishly took the dress of asceticism and -went off to the wilderness. In the course of six months he <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb441" href="#pb441" name= -"pb441">441</a>]</span>traversed the whole of the Deccan, including -Daulatabad, Bidar, Bijapur, the Carnatic, and Golconda, and came to the -port of Dābul.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9354src" href= -"#xd24e9354" name="xd24e9354src">128</a> From there he came by ship to -the port of Gogā, and after visiting the ports of Surat, -Broāch, etc., he reached Ahmadabad. At this time Zāhid, a -servant of S͟hāh Jahān, arrested him and brought him to -Court. I ordered them to bring him before me heavily bound. When I saw -him I said to him, “Considering the obligations of service of -your father and grandfather, and your position as a houseborn one, why -have you behaved in such an inauspicious manner?” He replied that -he could not tell a lie in the presence of his <i>qibla</i> and real -teacher, and that the truth was that he had hoped for favours, but as -he was unlucky he had left outward ties and gone into the wilderness of -exile. As his words bore the marks of truth they made an impression on -me, and I abandoned my harsh tone and asked him if in his misfortunes -he had waited upon ʿĀdil K͟hān, or -Qut̤bu-l-Mulk, or ʿAmbar. He replied that though he had been -unsuccessful at this Court and had remained thirsty in this boundless -ocean of beneficence, he had never—God forbid that he -should—approached with his lips other fountains. Might his head -be cut off if it had bowed at this Court and then lowered itself at -another! From the time that he went into exile he had kept a diary -showing what he had done, and by examining it it would be seen how he -had conducted himself. These words of his increased my compassion for -him, and I sent for his papers and read them. It appeared from them -that he had encountered great hardship, and that he had spent much time -on foot, and that he had suffered from want of food. On this account I -felt kindly disposed towards him. Next day I sent for him and ordered -them to remove the bonds from his arms and legs, and gave him a robe of -honour, a horse, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb442" href="#pb442" -name="pb442">442</a>]</span>and 1,000 rupees for his expenses. I also -increased his rank by one half, and showed him such kindness as he -never had imagined. He repeated this verse—</p> -<div class="lgouter"> -<p class="line">“What I see, is it, O God, waking or in a -trance?</p> -<p class="line">Do I behold myself in such comfort after such -torture?”</p> -</div> -<p class="par first">On Wednesday, the 17th, I marched 6 kos and halted -at the village of Bārasīnor (Bālasīnor). It has -already been mentioned that the plague had appeared in Kashmir. On this -day a report of the chronicler of events arrived, stating that the -plague had taken firm hold of the country and that many had died. The -symptoms were that the first day there was headache and fever and much -bleeding at the nose. On the second day the patient died. In the house -where one person died all the inmates were carried off. Whoever went -near the sick person or a dead body was affected in the same way. In -one instance the dead body was thrown on the grass, and it chanced that -a cow came and ate some of the grass. It died, and some dogs that had -eaten its flesh also all died. Things had come to such a pass that from -fear of death fathers would not approach their children, and children -would not go near their fathers. A strange thing was that in the ward -in which the disease began, a fire broke out and nearly 3,000 houses -were burnt. During the height of the plague, one morning when the -people of the city and environs got up, they saw circles on their -doors. There were three large circles, and on the face of these (i.e. -inside them) there were two circles of middle size and one small one. -There were also other circles which did not contain any -whiteness<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9369src" href="#xd24e9369" name= -"xd24e9369src">129</a> (i.e. there were no inner circles). These -figures were found on all the houses and even on the mosques. From the -day when the fire took place and these circles appeared, they say there -was a diminution of the plague. This has been <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb443" href="#pb443" name= -"pb443">443</a>]</span>recorded as it seems a strange affair. It -certainly does not agree with the canons of reason, and my intellect -cannot accept it. Wisdom is with God! I trust that the Almighty will -have mercy on his sinful slaves, and that they will be altogether freed -from such calamity.</p> -<p class="par">On Thursday, the 18th, I marched 2½ kos and -halted on the bank of the Mahī. On this day the Jām -zamindar<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9378src" href="#xd24e9378" name= -"xd24e9378src">130</a> had the good fortune to kiss the ground. He -presented 50 horses, 100 muhrs, and 100 rupees. His name is Jassā, -and Jām is his title. Whoever succeeds is called Jām. He is -one of the chief zamindars of Gujarat, and, indeed, he is one of the -noted rajas of India. His country is close to the sea. He always -maintains 5,000 or 6,000 horse, and in time of war can supply as many -as 10,000 or 12,000. There are many horses in his country; Kachhī -horses fetch as much as 2,000 rupees. I gave him a dress of honour.</p> -<p class="par">On the same day Lachmī Narāyan, Raja of -Kūch (Bihār), which adjoins Bengal, did homage and presented -500 muhrs. He received a dress of honour and an ornamented dagger.</p> -<p class="par">Nawāzish K͟hān, son of Saʿīd -K͟hān, who had been appointed to Jūnagaṛh, had the -good fortune to pay his respects. On Friday, the 19th, I halted, and on -Saturday, the 20th, I marched 3¾ kos and halted at the tank of -Jhanūd. On Sunday I marched 4½ kos and halted at the tank -of Badarwālā. On this day there came the news of the death of -ʿAz̤amat K͟hān Gujarātī. On account of -illness he had remained in Ahmadabad. He was a servant who knew -one’s disposition, and did good work. As he had thorough -knowledge of the Deccan and Gujarat, I was grieved at his death. In the -tank above mentioned I noticed a plant which at the approach of the -finger or the end of a stick contracts its leaves. After a while it -opens them out again. Its leaves resemble those of <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb444" href="#pb444" name="pb444">444</a>]</span>the -tamarind, and it is called in Arabic -<i>S͟hajaru-l-ḥayā</i>, ‘the plant of -modesty.’ In Hindī it is called <i>Lajvantī</i>. -<i>Lāj</i> means modesty. It is certainly not void of strangeness. -They also call it <i>nag͟hzak</i>, and say that it also grows on -dry land.</p> -<p class="par">On Monday, the 22nd, I halted. My scouts reported that -there was a tiger in the neighbourhood which vexed wayfarers, and in -the forest where it was they had seen a skull and some bones lying. -After midday I went out to shoot it, and killed it with one discharge. -Though it was a large tiger, I had killed several that were larger. -Among them was a tiger which I killed in the fort of Māndū, -and which was 8½ maunds. This one weighed 7½ maunds, or 1 -maund less.</p> -<p class="par">On Tuesday, the 23rd, I marched over 3½ kos and -alighted on the bank of the River Bāyab.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9404src" href="#xd24e9404" name="xd24e9404src">131</a> On -Wednesday I marched nearly 6 kos and halted at the tank of -Hamda.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9407src" href="#xd24e9407" name= -"xd24e9407src">132</a> On Thursday I ordered a halt and had a wine -party, and gave cups to my special servants. I promoted Nawāzish -K͟hān to the rank of 3,000 with 2,000 horse, which was an -increase of 500 personal, and gave him a robe of honour and an -elephant, and allowed him to go to his fief. Muḥammad -Ḥusain Sabzak,<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9410src" href= -"#xd24e9410" name="xd24e9410src">133</a> who had been sent to Balkh to -buy horses, came to Court to-day and paid his respects. Of the horses -he brought, one was piebald and was of fine shape and colour. I had -never seen a piebald horse of this colour before. He had also brought -other good roadsters. I therefore gave him the title of -Tijāratī K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">On Friday, the 26th, I marched 5¼ kos and halted -at the village of Jālod.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9415src" href= -"#xd24e9415" name="xd24e9415src">134</a> Rāja Lachmī -Narāyan, the paternal uncle of the Raja of Kūch, to whom I -had now given the territory of Kūch, was presented with a horse. -On <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb445" href="#pb445" name= -"pb445">445</a>]</span>Saturday I marched 3 kos and halted at -Boda.<a class="noteref" id="xd24e9420src" href="#xd24e9420" name= -"xd24e9420src">135</a> On Sunday I marched 5 kos and set up the royal -standards at Doḥad. It is on the borders of Malwa and -Gujarat.</p> -<p class="par">Pahluwān Bahāʾu-d-dīn, the -musketeer, brought a young monkey (<i>langūr</i>) with a goat, and -represented that on the road one of his marksmen had seen the female -langur with a young one in its arms on a tree. The cruel man had shot -the mother, which on being struck had left the young one on a branch, -and had herself dropped on the ground and died. Pahluwān -Bahāʾu-d-dīn had then come up and taken down the young -one, and had put it beside the goat to be suckled. God had inspired the -goat with affection for it, and it began to lick the monkey and to -fondle it. In spite of difference of species she showed such love as if -it had come out of her own womb. I told them to separate them, but the -goat immediately began to lament, and the young langur also became much -distressed. The affection of the monkey is not so remarkable, as it -wanted to get milk, but the affection of the goat for it is remarkable. -The langur is an animal belonging to the monkey tribe. But the hair of -the monkey (<i>maimūn</i>) is yellowish and its face is red, while -the hair of the langur is white and its face is black. Its tail, too, -is twice as long as the maimun’s. I have written these things on -account of their strangeness. On Monday, the 29th, I halted and went to -hunt nilgaw. I shot two, one male and one female. On Tuesday also, the -30th, I halted.</p> -<hr class="tb"> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">End of the twelfth year of the Emperor’s reign, in -the Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb447" href="#pb447" name="pb447">447</a>]</span></p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<div class="footnote-body"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8003" href="#xd24e8003src" name="xd24e8003">1</a></span> The MSS. -have Saturday instead of Tuesday, and this seems reasonable, for there -were no offerings on Tuesday (see <i>infra</i>). <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e8003src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8027" href="#xd24e8027src" name="xd24e8027">2</a></span> Text, -Sakar. Now locally called the Sāgan, ‘sea,’ -tank. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8027src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8030" href="#xd24e8030src" name="xd24e8030">3</a></span> The MSS. -only speak of twelve. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8030src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8033" href="#xd24e8033src" name="xd24e8033">4</a></span> The MSS. -seem to have merely <i>ba tīr-i-banduq</i>, ‘with -bullets.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8033src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8041" href="#xd24e8041src" name="xd24e8041">5</a></span> -Biyāna in text. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8041src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8045" href="#xd24e8045src" name="xd24e8045">6</a></span> That is, -apparently, the journey back by sea from the Deccan. The MSS. have -Ḥasan instead of Ḥusain, and say the route by Ormuz was -closed. Perhaps the <i>ba Mīr</i> of text is a mistake for <i>bar -baḥr</i>, ‘by sea.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8045src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8056" href="#xd24e8056src" name="xd24e8056">7</a></span> -<i>Tuqūz</i> means nine in Turkī. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e8056src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8071" href="#xd24e8071src" name="xd24e8071">8</a></span> The I.O. -MSS. seem to have Sakakdar or Sakakandar. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8071src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8081" href="#xd24e8081src" name="xd24e8081">9</a></span> It -appears from S͟hāh ʿAbbās’s letter to -Jahāngīr (Tūzuk, p. 165) that Muḥammad -Ḥusain Chelebī had been employed by Jahāngīr to -collect curios in Persia. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8081src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8102" href="#xd24e8102src" name="xd24e8102">10</a></span> Note by -Sayyid Aḥmad. They say that a poet recited this impromptu -couplet—</p> -<div class="q"> -<div class="nestedtext"> -<div class="nestedbody"> -<div class="lgouter footnote"> -<p class="line">“Though Nūr-Jahān be in form a -woman,</p> -<p class="line">In the ranks of men she’s a -tiger-slayer.”</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par footnote cont">The point of this couplet is that before -Nūr-Jahān entered Jahāngīr’s harem she was -the wife of S͟hīr-afgan, the tiger-slayer. The line may also -read “In battle she is a man-smiter and a -tiger-slayer.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8102src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8117" href="#xd24e8117src" name="xd24e8117">11</a></span> The two -I.O. MSS. have “a pair of pearls and a -diamond.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8117src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8126" href="#xd24e8126src" name="xd24e8126">12</a></span> There -is a fuller account of this flute-player in Price’s -Jahāngīr, p. 114. The melody which he composed in -Jahāngīr’s name is there called by Price Saut -Jahāngīrī. (The text does not give the name -Jahāngīrī.) It is there stated that S͟hāh -Jahān brought the flute-player with him from Burhanpur and -introduced him. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8126src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8135" href="#xd24e8135src" name="xd24e8135">13</a></span> -<i>Hauza-dāri</i>, ‘with a basin-shaped litter on -it.’ <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8135src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8141" href="#xd24e8141src" name="xd24e8141">14</a></span> The -word <i>pās͟hīda</i>, ‘scattered,’ does not -occur in the I.O. MSS. But perhaps the word has two opposite -meanings. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8141src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8155" href="#xd24e8155src" name="xd24e8155">15</a></span> Father -and son both died apparently at the same age. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e8155src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8158" href="#xd24e8158src" name="xd24e8158">16</a></span> It was -in Sarkar Qanauj (Jarrett, ii, 185). It is Chibrāmau of I.G., iii, -97, and is in Farrukhabad district. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8158src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8172" href="#xd24e8172src" name="xd24e8172">17</a></span> -<i>Urvasi</i> is the name of an Apsara or celestial nymph. Probably it -is here the name of a dress. (In Forbes’s Hindustani Dictionary -<i>ūrbasī</i> is said to denote a particular kind of ornament -worn on the breast.) <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8172src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8184" href="#xd24e8184src" name="xd24e8184">18</a></span> The -MSS. have <i>mag͟hra</i>, which may be connected with the Arabic -<i>mag͟hr</i>, ‘travelling quickly.’ It may be the -name of a courier, or merely mean ‘quickly.’ <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e8184src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8201" href="#xd24e8201src" name="xd24e8201">19</a></span> -Apparently it should be Bhīm; see <i>infra</i>. Gadeha is probably -Gadhī in Khandesh; see Lethbridge’s “Golden Book of -India,” p. 138. It is the Garvī of I.G., v, 33, and is one -of the Bhīl States in the Dāng Tract. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e8201src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8221" href="#xd24e8221src" name="xd24e8221">20</a></span> There -was a Bodah in Sarkār Marosor in Malwa, but its revenue was only -2½ lakhs of dams (Jarrett, ii, 208). The two I.O. MSS. and Debi -Prasad’s Hindi version have Ṭoḍā. -Ṭoḍā was in Ajmir, Ranṭambhor Sarkar, and its -revenue in Akbar’s time was 1½ lakhs of rupees (Jarrett, -ii, 275). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8221src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8231" href="#xd24e8231src" name="xd24e8231">21</a></span> Ode 192 -of Brockhaus’ edition, p. 112, first couplet. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e8231src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8241" href="#xd24e8241src" name="xd24e8241">22</a></span> This is -the building described by William Finch. See the Journal of John -Jourdain, ed. by Foster for the Hakluyt Society, App. D. Finch speaks -of a high turret 170 steps high. The tower was the Tower of Victory -erected by Sult̤ān Maḥmūd I in 1443 to commemorate -a victory over the Raja of Chitor. “The stump of it has been -found.” Jourdain speaks of six storeys. It was built of green -stone like marble. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8241src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8256" href="#xd24e8256src" name="xd24e8256">23</a></span> Two -hundred rupees per storey(?). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8256src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8261" href="#xd24e8261src" name="xd24e8261">24</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 371, and Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, ii, 537. -Now locally called the Nīl-kanṭh, ‘blue -neck.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8261src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8271" href="#xd24e8271src" name="xd24e8271">25</a></span> The -text misses out a conjunction before -<i>ṣadā</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8271src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8307" href="#xd24e8307src" name="xd24e8307">26</a></span> -Apparently the meaning is that the standard of two and three horses had -not been kept up. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8307src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8330" href="#xd24e8330src" name="xd24e8330">27</a></span> Some -lines of this agree with the verses in the Akbar-nāma, ii, 190. -The last two lines are quoted again in the account of the 15th year (p. -299 of Persian text). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8330src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8349" href="#xd24e8349src" name="xd24e8349">28</a></span> The -account is obscure. Elliot’s translation is “In the root of -the tree is found a lump of sweet substance which is exactly like that -of Faluda. It is eaten by the poor.” The text and some MSS. have -<i>yak pārcha-i-s͟hīrīnī</i>, but B. M. Or. -3276 has <i>yak pāra</i>. Roxburgh says nothing about any such -growth on the wild plantain. <i>Fālūdā</i> or -<i>pālūda</i> is the name of a sweetmeat. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e8349src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8369" href="#xd24e8369src" name="xd24e8369">29</a></span> It is -curious that the word <i>amūk͟hta</i>, ‘taught,’ -in the text, and which appears to be almost necessary for the sense, -does not occur either in the two I. O. MSS. or in the R. A. S. one. -Burhanpur is about 100 miles as the crow flies south-south-east of -Mandu. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8369src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8378" href="#xd24e8378src" name="xd24e8378">30</a></span> The -text has <i>par</i>, ‘feathers,’ instead of the sign of the -comparative <i>tar</i>, but the MSS. have -<i>kalāntar</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8378src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8415" href="#xd24e8415src" name="xd24e8415">31</a></span> The -word is <i>ḥawālī</i>, which is sometimes translated -‘neighbourhood,’ and has been so translated here by Mr. -Rogers. But either Jahāngīr has made a mistake or the word -<i>ḥawālī</i> is capable of a wide interpretation, for -Jaitpūr appears to be Jaitpūr in Kathiawar. See Jarrett, ii, -258. and I. G., vii, 192. Possibly Mandu is a mistake for -Bāndhū. But there is a Jetgarh in Malwa (Jarrett, ii, -200). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8415src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8424" href="#xd24e8424src" name="xd24e8424">32</a></span> -Probably this was the author who collaborated with Jerome Xavier. See -Rieu’s Catalogue, iii, 1077. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8424src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8435" href="#xd24e8435src" name="xd24e8435">33</a></span> I. O. -MS. 305 has <i>dānā-ī-nāzikī</i>, ‘soft -(or small) seeds.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8435src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8441" href="#xd24e8441src" name="xd24e8441">34</a></span> Note -181 has <i>wāṣil gas͟htan</i>. ‘becoming -united’ (to the Deity). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8441src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8453" href="#xd24e8453src" name="xd24e8453">35</a></span> -<i>Jā dādan</i>, ‘to give way,’ the meaning -apparently being that they had protected Rūḥu-llah’s -murderers. But I. O. MS. 305 seems to have <i>jāwidān</i>, -‘eternal,’ which would mean that they were killed and also -eternally disgraced as rebels. The -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, iii, 13, has a different account -of the manner of Rūḥu-llah’s death. He was -Fidāʾī’s elder brother. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e8453src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8463" href="#xd24e8463src" name="xd24e8463">36</a></span> The I. -O. MSS. have Pīr Bahār and Chandra Kona, which latter may be -the place in Midnapur. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8463src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8471" href="#xd24e8471src" name="xd24e8471">37</a></span> Text -8th, but should be 20th. See p. 196, where the next Thursday is -mentioned as the 27th. See Elliot, vi, 351. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e8471src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8474" href="#xd24e8474src" name="xd24e8474">38</a></span> Text 15 -months and 11 days, but it should be 11 months. S͟hāh -Jahān left his father at Ajmir on the last day of -S͟hawwāl, 1025, and he rejoined him on 11th -S͟hawwāl of the following year. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8474src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8489" href="#xd24e8489src" name="xd24e8489">39</a></span> So in -text, but I.O. MSS. have <i>kursī</i>, ‘a chair or -stool’ (l. 37). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8489src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8501" href="#xd24e8501src" name="xd24e8501">40</a></span> Text -<i>būdand</i>, but Ūdā Rām is the only Dakhani -officer mentioned. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8501src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8513" href="#xd24e8513src" name="xd24e8513">41</a></span> The -MSS. have <i>zar-baft</i>, ‘gold brocade.’ <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e8513src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8522" href="#xd24e8522src" name="xd24e8522">42</a></span> In -reference to his own name of Nūru-d-dīn. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e8522src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8528" href="#xd24e8528src" name="xd24e8528">43</a></span> -<i>Ghāragī</i>, ‘unripeness.’ <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e8528src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8572" href="#xd24e8572src" name="xd24e8572">44</a></span> The -Ūdājī Rām of Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, -i, 142. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8572src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8583" href="#xd24e8583src" name="xd24e8583">45</a></span> -<i>Jamkūra</i> is given in Forbes as the Dakhani word for a -covering made of reeds or palm-leaves and used in rainy -weather. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8583src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8591" href="#xd24e8591src" name="xd24e8591">46</a></span> The MS. -has eight. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8591src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8594" href="#xd24e8594src" name="xd24e8594">47</a></span> In the -MSS. the name seems to be Hansomat (swan-like?). <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e8594src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8599" href="#xd24e8599src" name="xd24e8599">48</a></span> Text -has <i>wālida-i-k͟hūd</i>, ‘his own -mother.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8599src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8609" href="#xd24e8609src" name="xd24e8609">49</a></span> A -repetition. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8609src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8612" href="#xd24e8612src" name="xd24e8612">50</a></span> The -MSS. have 3¾ kos. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8612src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8617" href="#xd24e8617src" name="xd24e8617">51</a></span> Text -<i>k͟hat̤aʾ</i>, ‘fault,’ but the MSS. show -that the word is <i>k͟hatar</i>, -‘danger.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8617src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8627" href="#xd24e8627src" name="xd24e8627">52</a></span> The -passage is obscure, and the MSS. do not throw much light on it. -Fortunately for the Mīrzā, there was no bullet in his gun. -The word which I have translated by ‘flexible’ is -<i>rawān</i>. Perhaps the meaning is quite different. Possibly it -is “he would fire a shot and then reload. As many of his bullets -had been shot away, he put a pellet (<i>g͟halulā</i>) into -his mouth and was shaping it,” etc. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8627src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8639" href="#xd24e8639src" name="xd24e8639">53</a></span> He has -just spoken of Tuesday as the 15th! And as Jahāngīr did not -shoot on Sundays, Sunday must be a mistake for Wednesday. It is -Wednesday in I.O. MS. 305. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8639src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8644" href="#xd24e8644src" name="xd24e8644">54</a></span> Perhaps -<i>būkra</i> here means a male nilgaw; <i>būkra</i> means -also a he-goat. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8644src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8670" href="#xd24e8670src" name="xd24e8670">55</a></span> This is -the same kind of bird that Nūr-Jahān is mentioned as having -shot. Perhaps a green pigeon is meant. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8670src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8675" href="#xd24e8675src" name="xd24e8675">56</a></span> Text -<i>nīla</i>, without the addition of <i>gaw</i>. The MSS. have -<i>gor</i> or <i>chor</i>, a pheasant (?). <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e8675src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8693" href="#xd24e8693src" name="xd24e8693">57</a></span> Elliot, -vi, 352. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8693src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8696" href="#xd24e8696src" name="xd24e8696">58</a></span> The -‘two’ is omitted in text. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8696src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8702" href="#xd24e8702src" name="xd24e8702">59</a></span> In -Sarkār Māndū (Jarrett, ii, 207) Debi Prasad’s -Hindi version has <i>Daknā</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8702src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8712" href="#xd24e8712src" name="xd24e8712">60</a></span> The -MSS. have “more than 1,000.” Rāja Bhoj’s date, -according to Tod, is 567 <span class="sc">A.D.</span> (Jarrett, ii, -211). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8712src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8721" href="#xd24e8721src" name="xd24e8721">61</a></span> This -iron pillar is not now in existence at the mausoleum of Akbar (Note of -Sayyid Aḥmad). The pieces of the pillar are still lying at -Dhār, outside the Lāt Musjid (I.G., new ed., xi, -295). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8721src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8727" href="#xd24e8727src" name="xd24e8727">62</a></span> The -MSS. have 807, and this is correct, for Dilāwar conquered Malwa in -803 = 1400. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8727src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8740" href="#xd24e8740src" name="xd24e8740">63</a></span> -Probably this means that ʿAmīd was the son of -Dāʾūd. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8740src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8755" href="#xd24e8755src" name="xd24e8755">64</a></span> Text -70, but should be 7. 807 = 1405. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8755src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8762" href="#xd24e8762src" name="xd24e8762">65</a></span> A son -of Hūs͟hang. Muḥammad S͟hāh, -intervened. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8762src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8777" href="#xd24e8777src" name="xd24e8777">66</a></span> The -MSS. have Jalot (as in the Hindi version). <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e8777src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8781" href="#xd24e8781src" name="xd24e8781">67</a></span> Text, -“the parganah aforesaid.” But the MSS. have Badnor. See -<i>infra</i>, p. 204 of text. (In this passage the Hindi version has -<i>Madlor</i>.) <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8781src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8790" href="#xd24e8790src" name="xd24e8790">68</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 502. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8790src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8807" href="#xd24e8807src" name="xd24e8807">69</a></span> MSS. -Bākor. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8807src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8810" href="#xd24e8810src" name="xd24e8810">70</a></span> -Daḥūt in MSS. But Doḥad seems right, as it means two -boundaries. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8810src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8815" href="#xd24e8815src" name="xd24e8815">71</a></span> The -<i>dam</i> was also used as a weight, and was equal to 5 -<i>tānk</i> or 1 <i>tola</i>, 8 <i>masha</i>, 7 <i>surk͟h</i> -(Blochmann, p. 31). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8815src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8833" href="#xd24e8833src" name="xd24e8833">72</a></span> -Apparently Sahrā is the name of a town, and does not mean an open -space here. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8833src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8843" href="#xd24e8843src" name="xd24e8843">73</a></span> Perhaps -the line refers to the bee, and means that the bee wishes to suck the -moisture of the flower. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8843src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8850" href="#xd24e8850src" name="xd24e8850">74</a></span> The -MSS. have <i>gul-i-kūl</i>, ‘the flower of the tank.’ -It seems to be a water-lily. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8850src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8865" href="#xd24e8865src" name="xd24e8865">75</a></span> Query -“the tank of Yasodā,” the foster-mother of -Krishna? <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8865src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8868" href="#xd24e8868src" name="xd24e8868">76</a></span> -Blochmann, p. 252. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8868src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8874" href="#xd24e8874src" name="xd24e8874">77</a></span> -Jahāngīr crossed the Ghātī Chand or Chānd, -between Ajmere and Malwa, in the 11th year (see p. 172), but he does -not speak of having had any rohu fish there. Perhaps the reference is -to his halt at Rāmsar shortly before coming to Ghātī -Chand. He got 104 rohu at Rāmsar. See p. 169. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e8874src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8884" href="#xd24e8884src" name="xd24e8884">78</a></span> Elliot, -vi, 353. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8884src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8889" href="#xd24e8889src" name="xd24e8889">79</a></span> Mondah -of Jarrett, ii, 253. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8889src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8892" href="#xd24e8892src" name="xd24e8892">80</a></span> Text -Nīlāo. No such parganah is mentioned in the Āyīn; -the two I.O. MSS. have Naryād. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8892src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8896" href="#xd24e8896src" name="xd24e8896">81</a></span> -Pitlād is mentioned in Bayley’s Gujarat, p. 9, as having a -very large revenue. It is the Patlād of Jarrett, ii, 253. Text -wrongly has Nīlāb. Possibly Bhīl is the parganah -meant. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8896src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8904" href="#xd24e8904src" name="xd24e8904">82</a></span> Elliot, -vi, 353. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8904src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8909" href="#xd24e8909src" name="xd24e8909">83</a></span> The -I.O. MSS. have Abhay or Abhī Kār. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e8909src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8922" href="#xd24e8922src" name="xd24e8922">84</a></span> -Tiefenthaler, i, p. 380, etc., has an interesting notice of Cambay. He -also gives a sketch of its bay (plate xxxii). <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e8922src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8925" href="#xd24e8925src" name="xd24e8925">85</a></span> Now so -silted up that no tolerably large vessel can approach -it. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8925src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8930" href="#xd24e8930src" name="xd24e8930">86</a></span> -Abū-l-faẓl calls them <i>tāwarī</i> (Jarrett, ii, -241). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8930src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8942" href="#xd24e8942src" name="xd24e8942">87</a></span> I.O. -MSS. have ‘ten.’ <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8942src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8945" href="#xd24e8945src" name="xd24e8945">88</a></span> -<i>Tāl tārang.</i> Possibly <i>tārang</i> should read -<i>tarang</i> (waves), and the meaning be that Jahāngīr went -to see the famous bore in the Gulf of Cambay. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e8945src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8959" href="#xd24e8959src" name="xd24e8959">89</a></span> See -Elliot, vi, 355, and note. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8959src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8970" href="#xd24e8970src" name="xd24e8970">90</a></span> In the -text <i>aḥdī</i> occurs by mistake instead of -<i>ʿahdī</i>, and <i>man</i> instead of -<i>mas</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e8970src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e8988" href="#xd24e8988src" name="xd24e8988">91</a></span> Wrongly -so in text, but <i>Jay Singh</i> should be corrected to <i>Rāj -Singh</i>. The son of Jay Singh, Raja of Ajmir, was Rām Singh, who -was born in Sambat, 1692. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e8988src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9003" href="#xd24e9003src" name="xd24e9003">92</a></span> Or -<i>ʿArabī</i> (Arabian?). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9003src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9018" href="#xd24e9018src" name="xd24e9018">93</a></span> -Mātar or Nātar in I. O. MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9018src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9027" href="#xd24e9027src" name="xd24e9027">94</a></span> I. O. -MS. 181 has “in all the cities of Upper -India.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9027src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9030" href="#xd24e9030src" name="xd24e9030">95</a></span> The -historian. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e9030src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9043" href="#xd24e9043src" name="xd24e9043">96</a></span> A saint -of Multan who died in 1384. See Beale, s.v. <i>S͟haik͟h -Jalāl</i>, and Jarrett, iii, 369. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9043src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9049" href="#xd24e9049src" name="xd24e9049">97</a></span> So in -text, but surely it should be “8th or 7th”? It appears from -the K͟hazīnatu-l-aṣfiyā, ii, 71, that the -attendant who lost the child was a female disciple, and that the child -was young. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e9049src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9054" href="#xd24e9054src" name="xd24e9054">98</a></span> -According to Bayley’s Gujarat, p. 238, and Index, p. 515, the -name is either Tāj K͟hān Tūrpāli or -Narpāli. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9054src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9078" href="#xd24e9078src" name="xd24e9078">99</a></span> -<i>Suwārī-i-k͟hūd u -k͟hwus͟h-jalū-i-ū</i>, “my own riding and his -pleasant paces (?).” It does not seem likely that -Jahāngīr would himself drive the elephant. The meaning here -probably is that Jahāngīr trusted to his being on the -elephant. <i>K͟hwus͟h-jalū</i> is used lower down about -another elephant, and seems to refer to the elephant’s paces. See -p. 214. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e9078src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9097" href="#xd24e9097src" name="xd24e9097">100</a></span> Or -doors. The Iqbāl-nāma, 108, has “in front of each gate -there is a bazar.” <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9097src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9105" href="#xd24e9105src" name="xd24e9105">101</a></span> 123 in -Iqbāl-nāma. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9105src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9112" href="#xd24e9112src" name="xd24e9112">102</a></span> 350 in -I.O. MSS. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e9112src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9124" href="#xd24e9124src" name="xd24e9124">103</a></span> -<i>Panjara-i-sang</i>, presumably lattice-work in stone. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e9124src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9129" href="#xd24e9129src" name="xd24e9129">104</a></span> See -for dimensions of the mosque Bayley’s Gujarat, p. 92 and note, -and the authorities there quoted. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9129src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9134" href="#xd24e9134src" name="xd24e9134">105</a></span> Text -wrongly has Sunday. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9134src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9142" href="#xd24e9142src" name="xd24e9142">106</a></span> -Muḥammad G͟haus̤ was accused of heresy by some of the -Gujarātī mullas. He was much respected by Humāyūn, -and is buried at Gwalior. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9142src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9145" href="#xd24e9145src" name="xd24e9145">107</a></span> -Jahāngīr means that Wajīhu-d-dīn was a very learned -man, and that his devotion to Muḥammad G͟haus̤, who was -an ignorant man (<i>ummī</i>), shows what a great personality the -latter was. Cf. Iqbāl-nāma, 169, and -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, ii, 583, where we are told that -Wajīhu-d-dīn thanked God that both his Prophet and his -Pīr were ignorant. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9145src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9160" href="#xd24e9160src" name="xd24e9160">108</a></span> He -wrote a history of Gujarat—the Mirāt-i-Sikandarī. Rieu, -Cat., i, 287. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9160src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9165" href="#xd24e9165src" name="xd24e9165">109</a></span> -Blochmann, 507, note. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9165src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9172" href="#xd24e9172src" name="xd24e9172">110</a></span> -“S͟haik͟h Aḥmad K͟haṭṭū, -who had the title of Jamālu-d-dīn, was born at Delhi of a -noble family in 737 <span class="sc">A.H.</span> (1336–7). He was -the disciple and successor of Bābā Isḥāq (Isaac) -Mag͟hribī. His name was Naṣīru-d-dīn. By the -jugglery of the heavens he was separated from his home in a storm, and -after a while entered the service of Bābā Isḥāq. -Mag͟hribī. He acquired from him spiritual and secular -learning, and came to Gujarat in the time of Sult̤ān -Aḥmad. High and low accepted him, and paid him homage. Afterwards -he travelled to Arabia and Persia, and made the acquaintance of many -saints. He is buried at Sarkhech, near -Aḥmadabad.”—<i>Āyīn-i-Akbarī</i> (vol. -ii, p. 220, of Bib. Ind., ed. Jarrett, iii, 371). See Bayley’s -Gujarat, p. 90, note, and K͟hazīnatu-l-aṣfiyā, ii, -314, and Blochmann, 507, note, where the reference to the -K͟hazīna, 957, seems wrong. The story told in the -K͟hazīna is that S͟haik͟h Aḥmad belonged to -the royal family of Delhi, and was, as a baby, blown out of his -nurse’s arms into the street during a storm. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e9172src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9183" href="#xd24e9183src" name="xd24e9183">111</a></span> Text -<i>k͟hawānīn</i>, ‘khans,’ but evidently -this is a mistake for <i>k͟hawātīn</i>, the plural of -<i>k͟hātūn</i>, ‘a lady.’ <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e9183src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9217" href="#xd24e9217src" name="xd24e9217">112</a></span> I.O. -MSS. have Sundar Sen. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9217src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9222" href="#xd24e9222src" name="xd24e9222">113</a></span> See -Elliot, vi, 355. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9222src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9232" href="#xd24e9232src" name="xd24e9232">114</a></span> This -name is doubtful, for the MSS. have a different reading, apparently -Namūd. There is a Halōd in Gujarat (Jarrett, ii, 242). See -also Bayley’s Gujarat, 439. Perhaps it is the Halol of the Indian -Gazetteer. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e9232src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9235" href="#xd24e9235src" name="xd24e9235">115</a></span> The -existence of this son of Bāqī Tark͟hān does not -seem to have been known to Abū-l-faẓl or to Blochmann. Nor -is he mentioned in the Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā. See -Jarrett, ii, 347, where only Payanda is spoken of as the son of -Bāqī K͟hān, and Blochmann, p. 362. See also -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, iii, 485, the biography of -Mīrzā ʿĪsā Tark͟hān. His name -appears, however, in the pedigree of his house in the -Tarkhān-nāma of Jamāl -Shīrāzī. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9235src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9238" href="#xd24e9238src" name="xd24e9238">116</a></span> The -word <i>s̤ānī</i> in -<i>Ṣāḥīb-qirān-i-s̤ānī</i> in -text is a mistake. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9238src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9252" href="#xd24e9252src" name="xd24e9252">117</a></span> -<i>S͟haqāʾiq</i>, which perhaps means tulips. In -Price’s Jahangir, p. 115, there is much more said about the -“Garden of Victory,” and Jahāngīr’s -entertainment there by his wife K͟hairu-n-nisā, the daughter -of the K͟hānk͟hānān. <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e9252src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9261" href="#xd24e9261src" name="xd24e9261">118</a></span> -Bagīna in text. Debi Prasad has -<i>Bakīnā</i>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9261src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9280" href="#xd24e9280src" name="xd24e9280">119</a></span> Banoh -in text. See Bayley’s Gujarat, p. 237; also Tiefenthaler, i, 377, -who speaks of it as being 3 leagues south of Ahmadabad. See also -Jarrett, ii, 240, n. 7. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9280src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9283" href="#xd24e9283src" name="xd24e9283">120</a></span> For -Sayyid Mubārak and his son see Bayley’s Gujarat. Sayyid -Mubārak was the patron of the author of the -Mirāt-i-Sikandarī. See loc. cit., p. 454. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e9283src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9298" href="#xd24e9298src" name="xd24e9298">121</a></span> It is -the Chandsuma of Bayley’s map. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9298src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9304" href="#xd24e9304src" name="xd24e9304">122</a></span> -Jarrett, iii, 210; and Akbar-nāma, translation, i, 147, n. -2. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e9304src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9310" href="#xd24e9310src" name="xd24e9310">123</a></span> This -should be Tapā. See Addenda. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9310src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9315" href="#xd24e9315src" name="xd24e9315">124</a></span> I.O. -MS., instead of <i>k͟hātimat-i-aḥwāl-ū</i>, -has <i>chunānchih aḥwāl</i>, “as has been stated -in its place.” This is probably correct, as Jahāngīr -has already referred to his death. See also the account of the 2nd -year, where he speaks of Rāy Singh’s going home without -leave. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e9315src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9339" href="#xd24e9339src" name="xd24e9339">125</a></span> -Perhaps an explanation of Zamak͟hs͟hari’s -Commentary. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e9339src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9342" href="#xd24e9342src" name="xd24e9342">126</a></span> A -Persian commentary on the Koran (Rieu, p. 96). <a class="fnarrow" -href="#xd24e9342src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9345" href="#xd24e9345src" name="xd24e9345">127</a></span> A life -of Muhammad (Rieu, i, 147). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9345src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9354" href="#xd24e9354src" name="xd24e9354">128</a></span> -Dābhol (I.G., new ed., xi, 100). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9354src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9369" href="#xd24e9369src" name="xd24e9369">129</a></span> -<i>Biyāẓ.</i> The meaning is not clear. Perhaps what is -meant is that there was no writing, only the circles. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd24e9369src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9378" href="#xd24e9378src" name="xd24e9378">130</a></span> -Elliot, vi, 356. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9378src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9404" href="#xd24e9404src" name="xd24e9404">131</a></span> MSS. -seem to have Mānīb. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9404src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9407" href="#xd24e9407src" name="xd24e9407">132</a></span> MSS. -seem to have Nīmda. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9407src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9410" href="#xd24e9410src" name="xd24e9410">133</a></span> The -MSS. have Muḥammad Ḥusain Saudāgar -(trader). <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd24e9410src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9415" href="#xd24e9415src" name="xd24e9415">134</a></span> The -Jhallod of Bayley’s map. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9415src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd24e9420" href="#xd24e9420src" name="xd24e9420">135</a></span> MSS. -have Ranūd. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd24e9420src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="back"> -<div id="errata" class="div1 errata"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd24e794">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">Errata and Addenda.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Page <a href="#pb15" class="pageref">15</a>, line -7 from foot. The figure 1 should be placed at -Sult̤ānu-n-nisā Begam.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb24" class="pageref">24</a>, l. 5. -<i>For</i> my <i>read</i> his. With reference to n. 2, p. 120, l. 13, -shows that the father meant is S͟hāhruk͟h.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb34" class="pageref">34</a>, l. 2 of -verse. Solomon’s greatness depended on the possession of a ring. -When that was lost his power departed. See the story of its loss and -recovery in Mīr K͟hwānd (Rehatsek’s translation, -pt. i, 100). Probably then the line should be rendered ‘Call him -the ring-wearing Solomon.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb38" class="pageref">38</a>, near foot. -The words ‘the news,’ etc., are not a verse, and -Naz̤ar-jīvī should be Naz̤ar Chūlī, i.e. -the Naz̤ar who accompanied Humāyūn through the desert -(<i>chūl</i>). See Akbar-nāma translation, i, 657, n. 3.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>, l. 2. -<i>For</i> near Lahore <i>read</i> a dependency of Lahore. -Kalānūr is the Kalanaur of the maps, and is 15 miles west of -Gurdāspūr (I.G., new ed., xiv, 297).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb43" class="pageref">43</a>, note. -<i>For</i> lithograph <i>read</i> text.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>, l. 8. -<i>For</i> Mīrzā <i>read</i> Mīrān.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>, l. 1, and -note 1. I.O. MSS. seem to have Tanam Bahādur. The reference to -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā is ii, 140. The name of -Muz̤affar Gujarātī’s son was Bahādur.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb54" class="pageref">54</a>, n. 1. -<i>For</i> Price, p. 6 <i>read</i> Price, p. 68. The -Iqbāl-nāma and -Khulās̤atu-t-tawārīk͟h say he was put in -charge of Ihtimām Kotwāl.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb58" class="pageref">58</a>, n. 2. It is -Nīlera in I.O. MS. No. 181.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a>, l. 6. The -meaning is that ʿĀbidīn was the son of ʿAbdu-llah -K͟hān’s spiritual adviser. ʿĀbidīn is -called ʿĀbidī in Akbar-nāma, iii, 832. He came to -India in 1013 (1604–5), and Akbar gave him the rank of 1,000 and -500 horse (iii, 834).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb65" class="pageref">65</a>, l. 11. -<i>For</i> know <i>read</i> knew.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb66" class="pageref">66</a>, l. 7. The -MSS. seem to have Jaihāl.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb66" class="pageref">66</a>, last line. -Kilīn means ‘daughter-in-law’ in Turkī. Perhaps -Kīlan here is a synonym for ‘son-in-law.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb67" class="pageref">67</a>, l. 8. The -words ‘which in Hindustani is called <i>ballī’</i> are -not in the I.O. MSS. I do not know the word <i>ballī</i> as -meaning a pole. Perhaps it is a mistake for <i>laggī</i>.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb76" class="pageref">76</a>, l. 3 from -foot. Omit the words ‘who is one of the -k͟hānazādas of the State.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb79" class="pageref">79</a>, l. 6. -<i>For</i> and cash <i>read</i> in cash.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb81" class="pageref">81</a>, n. 1. Delete -question mark and the words ‘near Multān.’ Nandanpur, -i.e. Nandana (I.G., xviii, 349), and Girjhāk are in the Jhelam -district. The Rām Dās garden was some place near Lahore, -where Jahāngīr took up his residence on the way to the -hunting-ground. He spent 3½ months in hunting.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb84" class="pageref">84</a>, l. 19. -<i>For</i> ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm, <i>read</i> -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥmān. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb448" -href="#pb448" name="pb448">448</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb87" class="pageref">87</a>, l. 21. -Firis͟hta in his account of Bābar says the Daulat -K͟hān of that time was descended from the Daulat -K͟hān who in 816 <span class="sc">A.H.</span> (1413–14) -was Sultan of Delhi. See Elliot, iv, 45.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb90" class="pageref">90</a>, l. 4 from -foot. Jahāngīrpūr is mentioned in account of 15th year, -p. 317, last line (text). It is the S͟hek͟hopura of the maps, -and is 22 miles from Ḥāfiz̤ābād and 18 miles -west of Lahore. It was called S͟haik͟hūpūra in -allusion to Jahāngīr’s pet name of -S͟haik͟hū Bābā, and also in honour of -S͟haik͟h Salīm. See K͟hulāṣa T. in -account of Jahāngīr’s reign. The I.G., xxii, 270, -wrongly ascribes its origin to Dārā S͟hukūh. -Mullā Ḥusain Kashmīrī, mentioned on p. 91, died in -1037 (1627–8), Rieu, ii, 7756. The minaret is still standing. See -Eastwick’s “Panjab Handbook,” 200. Instead of -‘the gravestone in the shape of an antelope’ we should -render, I think, ‘a stone tomb with the figure of an antelope -(engraved upon it).’ The I. O. MSS. have Marrāj as the name -of the antelope. Perhaps we should read Manorāj -‘mind’s lord.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb99" class="pageref">99</a>, l. 3 from -foot. I. O. MSS, have <i>bahūr</i> <span class="Arabic" lang= -"ar">بهور</span> as the name of the net.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb109" class="pageref">109</a>, n. 1. -Delete note. The <i>rang</i> is the ibex.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb110" class="pageref">110</a>, n. 1. See -J.A.S.B. for February, 1908, p. 39.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb117" class="pageref">117</a>. The -Iqbāl-nāma mentions in connection with the story of the -mummified saint that many Sabzawār saints lived in -Bāmiyān. See also Kāmgār Ḥusainī.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb120" class="pageref">120</a>, l. 1. -Delete word ‘Georgians.’ I. O. MS. No. 181 has -g͟hurja.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>, l. 10. -Insert ‘and’ after ‘sheep.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb125" class="pageref">125</a>, l. 13. -<i>For</i> garden <i>read</i> gardens.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb133" class="pageref">133</a>, l. 4. -<i>For</i> £ <i>read</i> rupees.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb134" class="pageref">134</a>, l. 15. -<i>For</i> he died on the 29th <i>read</i> he died in his ninth decade -(i.e. between 80 and 90). The Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, -ii, 143, says he was 82 when he died.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb134" class="pageref">134</a>, l. 13 from -foot. Instead of ‘he went off alone’ the MSS. have -‘carrying off his life’ (i.e. escaping) with -difficulty.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb136" class="pageref">136</a>, n. 1. The -opinion expressed in this note is proved to be wrong by General -Cunningham’s Report, Arch. S., xiv, p. 58. The tombs are those of -a musician and his pupil.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb140" class="pageref">140</a>, l. 8. -Delete <i>Sylvia olivacea</i>.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb143" class="pageref">143</a>, l. 7. -Apparently there were twelve balls, or at least objects, ten being as -large as an orange, another being a citron, and the twelfth a -<i>surk͟h</i>. So instead of ‘one to a citron’ we -should read, perhaps, ‘a citron and a -<i>surḵh</i>.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb143" class="pageref">143</a>, l. 3 from -foot. <i>For</i> Ilf <i>read</i> Alf.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb147" class="pageref">147</a>, l. 4 from -foot. Delete the word ‘Egyptian’ and also n. 1. It appears -from the G͟hiyās̤u-l-log͟hāt that a -Qut̤bī ruby is a broad ruby suitable for a ring -(signet?).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb153" class="pageref">153</a>, l. 13 from -foot. <i>For</i> Hamaẕānī <i>read</i> -Hamadānī.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb156" class="pageref">156</a>. According -to Terry, Jahāndār was called Sultan Tak͟ht because born -when Jahāngīr first sat on his throne.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb158" class="pageref">158</a>, l. 9. -Perhaps Yūzī = Yūz-bāshī, i.e. centurion. But -I. O. 181 has not the word, only saying ‘S͟hāh Beg -K͟hān,’ and No. 305 has S͟hāh Beg -K͟hān Būrī(?).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb158" class="pageref">158</a>, l. 10. The -passage is wrongly translated. No elephant was <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb449" href="#pb449" name= -"pb449">449</a>]</span>presented to Salāmu-llah. The sentence -should end on l. 9 after the word ‘panther-keeper,’ which -word is probably a mistranslation. Then this new sentence should come, -i.e. ‘Salāmu-llah ʿArab, who is a young man of a -distinguished Arabian family (<i>kih az -jawānān-i-qarār-dāda-i-ʿArab ast</i>) and -related to Mubārak, the governor of Dizfūl, came to wait upon -me on account of his being suspicious of the designs of S͟hāh -ʿAbbās (against himself).’ ‘I patronized -him,’ etc. (as on p. 158).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb158" class="pageref">158</a>, n. 3, and -p. 162, n. 1. Both notes are wrong. The place meant by -Jahāngīr is Dizfūl, a town in the -K͟hūzistān province of Persia, and Jūyza is -evidently a copyist’s error for K͟hūz or -K͟hūza, another name for K͟hūzistān. -Dizfūl is an ancient name, and according to Yāqūt, -Barbier de Meynard’s translation, p. 231, the proper spelling is -Dizpūl, i.e. ‘the Bridge of the Citadel,’ the town -being named after a famous bridge built over the river. For -K͟hūz see B. de Meynard, 216.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb160" class="pageref">160</a>, l. 12 from -foot. Qabūlah was a town in the Bet Jālandhar -Dūʾāb.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb163" class="pageref">163</a>, l. 9. It is -2,000 rupees in I. O. MSS.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb163" class="pageref">163</a>, l. 12. It -is not Qāchā Dakhanī in I. O. MSS., but I am not sure -what the clause, as given by them, means. No. 181 seems to have -<i>bafatāhāīgī</i> for ‘assistance’ -(?). Two B. M. MSS. have apparently <i>bafatāhāī -kapī</i>, but Add. 26,215 has the Arabic <i>ḥa</i>, while -Or. 3276 has the ordinary <i>h</i>, so that the words possibly mean -‘the young of the monkey’ (<i>kapī</i>).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb166" class="pageref">166</a>, l. 2. -Ḥusāmu-d-dīn was married to -Abū-l-faẓl’s sister, Blochmann, 441.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb167" class="pageref">167</a>, l. 16. The -word <i>rojh</i> in brackets is wrong. The MSS. have -<i>qara-quyrag͟h</i> and <i>qarā-quyrāg͟h</i>. P. -de Courteille gives <i>quyrūg͟h</i> as meaning a tail, so -perhaps <i>qarā-qūyrūg͟h</i> means a black-tailed -sheep or deer. See p. 129, l. 17, where the -<i>qarā-qūyrūg͟h</i> is said to be the -<i>chikāra</i>.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb168" class="pageref">168</a>, last line. -The MSS. has <i>ḥabs-i-mazīd</i>, which does not necessarily -mean imprisonment for life.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb170" class="pageref">170</a>, n. 2. -<i>For</i> Akbar’s wives <i>read</i> Jahāngīr’s -wives.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb172" class="pageref">172</a>, l. 21 seq. -Is this the story referred to by Hawkins (Purchas), about Muqarrab -having taken a Banian’s daughter?</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb177" class="pageref">177</a>, note. -<i>For</i> one-third of an inch <i>read</i> one and a third inches.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb183" class="pageref">183</a>, l. 8. This -is the annular eclipse entered in Dr. R. Schramm’s Tables, -Sewell’s Indian Calendar, as having occurred on 5th December, -1610, which corresponds to 28th Ramaẓān, 1019.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb185" class="pageref">185</a>, n. 3. -Persian text, p. 309, l. 11, has the phrase <i>majrā girifta -ātas͟h dādand</i>, ‘took aim and fired’ (a -cannon).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a>, l. 7 from -foot. For Naz̤īrī, see Rieu, ii, 807<i>b</i>, and -Blochmann, 579. He died in 1622 (1613).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb191" class="pageref">191</a>, l. 10. -<i>For dhīk</i> (?) <i>read dhīk</i>, i.e. adjutant bird.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb191" class="pageref">191</a>, l. 8. -<i>Pātal</i> means ‘red’ or -‘rose-coloured’ in Sanskrit. Query ‘red -deer.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb192" class="pageref">192</a>, l. 2. Add -year 1020.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb195" class="pageref">195</a>, last line. -The passage is rather obscure, but the meaning seems to be that though -formalities are not regarded by the wise, yet weak persons -(<i>qāwāsir</i>, which apparently is a plural of -<i>qāṣir</i>), regard <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb450" -href="#pb450" name="pb450">450</a>]</span>externals as the means of -paying the dues of friendship (and so we must attend to them). Hence -when at this auspicious time a province which had gone out of my -(ʿAbbās’s) possession has been settled by the exertions -of angelic servants in accordance with the hopes of well-wishers, I -(ʿAbbās) have returned to the capital, and have despatched -Kamālu-d-dīn, etc.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>, l. 7. -<i>For</i> Khankhānān <i>read</i> K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>, l. 12. The -I.O. MSS. have a different reading here. They say nothing about three -ratis. What they say is, “At this time I had made some increase -in the amounts of weights and measures. For instance, I added -one-fourth (<i>siwāʾī</i>) to the weight of the muhrs -and rupees.” The <i>sih ratī</i> of text is a mistake for -<i>siwāʾī</i>.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>, l. 12 from -foot. I.O. MSS. have ‘Sunday in Ṣafar,’ but they -wrongly have 1022.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>, l. 9 from -foot. Both I.O. MSS. have ‘Neknahar’ instead of ‘in -the interior.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb198" class="pageref">198</a>, l. 11. -<i>Or</i> Lohgar.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb205" class="pageref">205</a>, l. 14. I do -not think that the translation ‘should not force Islam on -anyone,’ or the version in Elliot, vi, 325, ‘Not to -forcibly impose Musulman burdens on anyone,’ gives the full force -of the words <i>taklīf-i-Musalmānī bar kasī -nakunand</i>. I think the reference clearly is to circumcision, and -that the words <i>taklīf-i-Musalmānī</i> should be -rendered ‘the Muhammadan ceremonial.’ This explains why the -injunction comes in immediately after the prohibitions against blinding -and mutilation. It has been said, and I believe with truth, that the -members of the Delhi royal family never were circumcised. Probably one -reason for this was that in many instances they had Hindu mothers. As -pointed out in Elliot, the passage is omitted in the -Iqbāl-nāma. It also does not occur in the version given in -ʿAlī Muḥammad’s “History of Gujarat,” -vol. i, p. 200 of lithograph.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb214" class="pageref">214</a>, verse. -<i>For</i> red <i>read</i> a river.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb216" class="pageref">216</a>. See picture -of a turkey in Havell’s “Indian Sculpture,” pp. -214–15.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb218" class="pageref">218</a>, l. 10 from -foot. About S͟hāpūr see -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, i, 180.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb224" class="pageref">224</a>, n. 1. -<i>For</i> infra <i>read</i> supra, pp. 27 and 30, note.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb229" class="pageref">229</a>, ll. 9 and -14. <i>For</i> Patna <i>read</i> Tatta.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb229" class="pageref">229</a>, note. -<i>For</i> brother <i>read</i> brother’s son.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb231" class="pageref">231</a>, l. 14 from -foot. <i>For</i> Nihālpūr <i>substitute</i> Thālner as -in the MSS. The news of the death seems to have reached Agra very -quickly.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb232" class="pageref">232</a>, l. 1. -Insert the word ‘and’ before ‘allowed.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb234" class="pageref">234</a>, l. 2 from -foot. The word translated ‘cranes’ is -<i>kārwānak</i>, and probably means ‘a little -crane.’ In Blochmann, 63, <i>karwānak</i> is rendered by -‘stone-curlew.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb234" class="pageref">234</a>, l. 5 from -foot. The word seems to be <i>kunjis͟hk</i>, -‘sparrow,’ in the MSS., but probably it should be -<i>kunjak</i>, ‘a curiosity, a rarity.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb235" class="pageref">235</a>, l. 2. It is -Thursday, the 28th, in the MSS., and instead of ‘night’ we -should <i>read</i> ‘eve.’ The English date corresponding to -28th Muḥarram is 10th March, 1613.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb237" class="pageref">237</a>, l. 8. It is -1,000 in the MSS., and this is probably correct, though B.M. MS. 1645 -has changed the word for 1,000 into one for 100. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb451" href="#pb451" name="pb451">451</a>]</span>The -ordinary <i>kaukab-i-t̤āliʿ</i> was 100 tolas in weight, -see p. 11. At p. 406 two kaukab-i-tali’s are mentioned of 500 -tolas each. It is a mistake, I think, to regard the word muhr as always -implying gold. The ordinary kaukab-i-taliʿ was of silver, and -these large muhrs were no doubt also of silver. The note 1 to Elliott, -vi, 355, is probably incorrect.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb237" class="pageref">237</a>, l. 10. -‘The feast went off well,’ etc. The passage is obscure, but -probably the translation should be ‘There was a splendid -assemblage (<i>majis s͟higufta gas͟ht</i>), and after it was -over I ordered that they should arrange an illumination.’ The -words in text, p. 116, l. 3, are <i>ḥukm kardam kih asbāb u -āyīn bār kunand</i>. The MSS. have -<i>asbāb-i-āyīn rā</i>. No. 181 seems to have -<i>bāz kunand</i>, and so has B.M. MS. 1645, but No. 305 has -<i>bār kunand</i>, as in text. It may be that the meaning is that -Jahāngīr told the servants they might appropriate the -decorations, but I rather think the order was to make an illumination. -It may also simply mean that he ordered the decorations to be taken -down. <i>Bāz kunand</i> ordinarily means ‘to open -out,’ <i>bār kunand</i> ‘to load.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb237" class="pageref">237</a>, l. 12. -Delete ‘the’ before Muqarrab.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb237" class="pageref">237</a>, note. I.O. -MSS. seem to have <i>zarīn</i>, ‘golden’(?).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb241" class="pageref">241</a>, l. 5 from -foot. I.G., new ed., xvii, 309, speaks of a handsome mosque in Mairtha -having been founded by Akbar, but probably it is this one of -S͟haik͟h Pīr. Perhaps S͟haik͟h Pīr is the -old beggar referred to in Roe’s Journal.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb247" class="pageref">247</a>, l. 5 from -foot. For <i>chakrī</i> read <i>jhakkaṛ</i>. It was not -necessarily a dust-storm.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb250" class="pageref">250</a>, l. 6. The -MSS. have Rūp instead of Rāwal, and so has Elliot, vi, 335. -They have ‘hill country of Mewāt,’ as in text. They -have Chitor, and not Jaipūr, as in Elliot, and they make (by -error) Jahāngīr speak of the year as the 10th, instead of the -8th. Instead of ‘have’ at l. 12 we should read -‘had,’ and instead of ‘from the Rāwal who was -first known as Rāwal,’ they have, as also has Elliot, -‘Rahab, who was the first to take the title of -Rānā.’ Rahab is the Rahup of Tod, who says he came to -the throne in 1201 <span class="sc">A.D.</span></p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb253" class="pageref">253</a>, ll. 10 and -11. I cannot find the word <i>pūlta-bāzī</i>. My friend, -Mr. Irvine, suggests that we should read <i>paṭṭā -bāzī</i>. <i>Paṭṭā</i> means a -‘foil,’ or ‘wooden sword,’ and -<i>paṭṭā bāz</i> is given in Forbes as meaning a -‘fencer.’ <i>Paltha mārnā</i> occurs in Forbes as -meaning a ‘peculiar posture.’ The <i>yagānagī</i> -of l. 11 should be <i>yakāngagi</i>, meaning ‘one -body,’ or ‘one limb,’ and corresponds to the -<i>yakhāth</i> of Blochmann, 252, both phrases meaning apparently -‘that the fencer fights with one hand,’ that is, -‘without using a shield.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb260" class="pageref">260</a>, l. 8. This -Iʿtiqād is the father of Mumtāz-maḥall, the wife -of S͟hāh Jahān. He now became Āṣaf -K͟hān, and apparently the title of Iʿtiqād was -transferred to his younger brother (or cousin?) -S͟hāhpūr, who was afterwards governor of Kashmir. See -Maʾās̤ir<span class="corr" id="xd24e10189" title= -"Not in source">,</span> i, 180. The two previous Āṣaf -K͟hāns of the family are G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn -of Qazwīn (Blochmann, 433), and Mīrzā Jaʿfar Beg, -who was G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn’s nephew. The father -of Nūr-Jahān was G͟hiyās̤ Beg of Tīhran -(Blochmann, 508). Blochmann, in his Table, 512, has not mentioned -S͟hāhpūr, i.e. the Iʿtiqād who became governor -of Kashmir. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb452" href="#pb452" name= -"pb452">452</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb261" class="pageref">261</a>, l. 17 from -foot. <i>For</i> mother <i>read</i> mothers (i.e. stepmothers).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb261" class="pageref">261</a>, l. 10 from -foot. <i>For</i> nephews <i>read</i> nephew.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb278" class="pageref">278</a>, l. 13. -<i>For</i> named <i>read</i> <i>namad</i>, and it should be in -italics.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb281" class="pageref">281</a>, l. 2. The -permission to beat his drums is explained by the Iqbāl-nāma, -p. 79, where it is said that he was permitted to beat his drums in the -capital, <i>dar pāy-i-tak͟ht</i>.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb281" class="pageref">281</a>, l. 6 from -foot. This eclipse is noted in Dr. Schram’s Tables as occurring -on 19th March, 1615.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>, l. 10 from -foot. Delete word ‘Egyptian.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb286" class="pageref">286</a>, l. 6. -<i>For</i> Frank <i>read</i> Venetian. <i>Kār-i-Wanadik</i>, as in -MSS.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb288" class="pageref">288</a>, l. 5. -Chatūr, instead of Taḥayyur, in No. 305, and Bak͟htar -(?) in No. 181.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb293" class="pageref">293</a>. According -to the Iqbāl-nāma, 80, Kunwar Karan, son of Rānā -Amar Singh, became an officer of Jahāngīr, receiving the rank -of 5,000 personal and horse. He was the first of the direct royal line -of his family to accept office.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb293" class="pageref">293</a>, l. 2 from -foot. No. 181 has 102 horses.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb294" class="pageref">294</a>, n. 2. No. -181 has Ras͟ht.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb300" class="pageref">300</a>, l. 18. -According to Vullers’ Dict., i, 482, a <i>tūlcha</i> is 96 -grains or about half a tola. The -G͟hīyas̤u-l-log͟hāt, however, says that -<i>tūlcha</i> is merely the Persian form of the -Hindustānī <i>tūlā</i>. According to the -Burhan-i-qātiʾ a tola is only 2½ māsha in Upper -India. Generally it is reckoned as 12 māsha. According to Sir -Thomas Roe 2½ tolas were equal to 1 ounce.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb317" class="pageref">317</a>, MS. No. 181 -has <span class="sc">A.H.</span> date 1025.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb321" class="pageref">321</a>, l. 11. -<i>For</i> several bits <i>read</i> some marten skins. See Tūzuk -text, p. 308, l. 3 from foot, and Vullers’ Dict, ii, 6. The MS. -No. 181 has <i>ṣad dāna-i-kīsh</i>, ‘one hundred -marten skins.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb321" class="pageref">321</a>, l. 13 from -foot. <i>For</i> transit dues <i>read</i> for keeping open the Pass -(<i>rāh-dārī</i>).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb321" class="pageref">321</a>, n. 2. The -words in I.O. MSS. seem to be <i>īgāna begāna</i>, which -is perhaps a mere jingle on the word <i>afghāna</i>, but may mean -‘known, unknown.’ Jahāngīr puns on the name -Qadam, which means ‘a foot, a pace.’ The words occur again -at p. 323.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb322" class="pageref">322</a>, last line. -Probably <i>ʿāqirī</i> is, or is derived from, -<i>ʿaqār</i>, which means a bird whose feathers were used for -ornamentation. According to P. de Courteille, Turkī Dict., 384, -<i>ʿaqār</i> is a heron.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb328" class="pageref">328</a>, l. 13 from -foot. <i>For</i> S͟hāh S͟hajāʿat <i>read</i> -S͟hāh S͟hujāʿ. He was S͟hāh -Jahān’s second son, and was born at Ajmir on the eve of -Sunday, and on 11th Tīr. Apparently this corresponds to 24th June, -1616, which is the date of birth mentioned by Sir Thomas Roe. -Beale’s date of 12th May is wrong.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb332" class="pageref">332</a>, l. 6 from -foot. Here the word <i>tūlcha</i> is used again, and apparently as -meaning the same thing as <i>tola</i>; 6,514 tūlchas or tolas -would be about 82 sīrs, or over 2 maunds and about 12 stone. Next -year Sir Thomas Roe saw Jahāngīr weighed, and he understood -that his weight was 9,000 rupees. If so, his weight would appear to -have considerably increased during the twelve months. Perhaps we should -read 8,514, instead of 6,514 tūlchas. <i>Has͟ht</i> (8) and -<i>s͟has͟h</i> (6) are often confounded. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb453" href="#pb453" name="pb453">453</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb341" class="pageref">341</a>, l. 8 from -foot. <i>For</i> times <i>read</i> days, the word <i>rūz</i> -(days) having been omitted from the text.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb344" class="pageref">344</a>, n. 1. -Apparently we should <i>read</i> Toda. The difference between it and -Nauda is, in Persian writing, only one dot. Toda is mentioned by Roe as -the place where he overtook Jahāngīr, and the stages given by -him come to 21 kos, counting from Rāmsar, and this agrees very -nearly with Jahāngīr’s stages from the same place.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb351" class="pageref">351</a>, l. 15 from -foot. The MS. No. 181 has the word <i>gaz</i> twice, and makes the -<i>pahnāʾī</i>, or width, 175½ <i>gaz</i> -(yards).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb351" class="pageref">351</a>, last line. -<i>For</i> Būlgharī <i>read</i> Pūlkharī.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb352" class="pageref">352</a>, l. 1. -Delete the words ‘of Tīr.’ The month was Bahman, -corresponding to January-February, 1617, and 23rd Bahman would be about -1st February. In Sayyid Aḥmad’s edition the word -<i>Tīr</i> is a mistake for <i>nīz</i>, ‘also,’ -the meaning being that the 23rd was a halt as well as the 22nd.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb353" class="pageref">353</a>, l. 2. -G͟haznīn K͟hān is mentioned by Finch under the name -of Gidney K͟hān, and he is said to have been originally a -Hindu. But this seems doubtful, as his father’s name is given in -the Mirʾāt-i-Aḥmadī as Malik -K͟hānjī Afg͟hān. See also Bayley’s -“Gujarat,” p. 15. Jālor is now in Jodhpūr. It is -described by Finch.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb353" class="pageref">353</a>, l. 2. This -seems to be the case of matricide mentioned in Terry’s -“Voyage,” p. 362, of ed. of 1777. His statement that it -occurred at Aḥmadabad is presumably an oversight. Terry says the -matricide was put to death by being bitten by two snakes. See also -Irvine’s “Manucci,” iv, 422. Apparently the -punishment recorded by Jahāngīr took place on the 4th -February, for Sir Thomas Roe mentions that they reached -Kāliyādaha, the next stage, on 6th February. The <i>bi</i> in -<i>biyāsa</i> should be deleted. Jālaur, or Jalor, is in -Jodhpūr (I.G., xiv, 29). It used to be in Ajmir. It is not quite -clear if Terry was with Roe at Kāliyādaha, but if not he was -with him at Ujjain. The execution may have taken place there.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb355" class="pageref">355</a>, l. 16. -<i>For</i> ‘from the city of Ujjain,’ etc., <i>read</i> -‘to a rural spot near the city of Ujjain.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb360" class="pageref">360</a>, l. 22. -<i>For</i> 128¼ cubits <i>read</i> 28¼ cubits. I.O. MS. -181 has 28¼ yards. The printed text of Sayyid Aḥmad has -128¼ cubits.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb362" class="pageref">362</a>, l. 8 from -foot. Delete (Bālchha?).</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb373" class="pageref">373</a>, l. 11 seq. -This Iʿtiqād was the younger brother or perhaps cousin of -Āṣaf K͟hān, the brother of Nūr-Jahān. He -was also known as S͟hāhpūr. See -Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, i, 180.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb375" class="pageref">375</a>, n. 2. -<i>Read</i> two diamonds.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb406" class="pageref">406</a>, n. 3. -Dīk͟htān or Daik͟htān seems right. It is so in -both the I.O. MSS.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb406" class="pageref">406</a>, l. 11 from -foot. These muhrs were probably of silver, and were called muhrs -because they were medals rather than coins. Dr. Kehr has given an -account of a large muhr which is now apparently in Dresden. See also -Richardson’s Dict., article Sikka.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb407" class="pageref">407</a>, l. 4. This -is Jūna K͟hān, son of -G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn Tug͟hluq. He ascended the -throne in 1325 under the title of Muḥammad bin Tug͟hluq.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb407" class="pageref">407</a>, l. 15. This -is the prince known as Naṣīru-d-dīn. He ascended the -throne as Muḥammad bin Fīrūz in 1387, and again in -1390. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb454" href="#pb454" name= -"pb454">454</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb413" class="pageref">413</a>, ll. 11 and -3 from foot. I.O. MSS. show that Sar-farāz should be -Sarafrāz; apparently his present was ‘seven -bullock-carts’ (<i>haft rās gāw bahal</i>) and not two -bullocks.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb417" class="pageref">417</a>, n. 2. -Cancel note. Nārangsar seems right.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb417" class="pageref">417</a>, l. 2 from -foot. The words are <i>dah bīst wazn muhr u rūpiya -maʿmūl</i>. Elliot, p. 354, renders this ‘ten and -twenty times heavier than the current gold muhr and rupee.’</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb418" class="pageref">418</a>, l. 10. See -n. 2 in Elliot, vi, 355. Apparently Jahāngīr means that he -was the first person to coin double muhrs and double rupees. There is -an account of tankas in the Bahār-i-ʿAjam, 261, col 2, p. -421, n. 2. But it is 27 in I.O. MSS. 113, p. 423, l. 14. A -<i>t̤assū</i> is more than a finger-breadth, it is the 1/24 -of a <i>gaz</i> or yard, and should be about 1⅓ inches.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb437" class="pageref">437</a>. I am -indebted to my friend Dr. Hoernle for the explanation of the names of -the two sects of Sewras. They should be Tapā and Kharatara. -Mān Singh’s name in religion was Jīn-simha. See -<i>Epigraphia Indica</i>, i, 37, and <i>Ind. Antiquary</i>, xi, 250. -Mān Singh died at Mairtha (in Jodhpūr) according to the Jain -books, in the beginning of 1618. The head of the Tapā sect in -Jahāngīr’s time was Vījayasena. There is an -elaborate paper on the Jains of Gujarat and Marwar by Colonel Miles in -the Transactions R.A.S., iii, pp. 335–71.</p> -<p class="par">p. <a href="#pb442" class="pageref">442</a>, l. 8. There -is no previous reference to the outbreak of plague in Kashmir, though -there is one to its occurrence in the Panjab. There is an interesting -account of the plague in K͟hāfī K͟hān, i, -286–8, in which the description is carried down to the time of -Aurangzīb. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb455" href="#pb455" -name="pb455">455</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div1 index"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">Index.</h2> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">A</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">ʿAbbās S͟hāh I, king of -Persia, prohibits servants from attacking Qandahar, <a href="#pb86" -class="pageref">86</a>;<br> -his written orders, <a href="#pb112" class="pageref">112</a>;<br> -sent Akbar horses, <a href="#pb142" class="pageref">142</a>;<br> -ambassador brings presents, <a href="#pb193" class= -"pageref">193</a>;<br> -letters from, <a href="#pb193" class="pageref">193</a>–6, -<a href="#pb337" class="pageref">337</a>;<br> -sends <i>mūmīyā</i> and turquoise-earth, <a href= -"#pb238" class="pageref">238</a>;<br> -sends presents, <a href="#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>–3, -<a href="#pb310" class="pageref">310</a>;<br> -kills his son, <a href="#pb294" class="pageref">294</a>;<br> -talk with his ambassador about Ṣafī Mīrzā’s -murder, <a href="#pb338" class="pageref">338</a>;<br> -forbids smoking, <a href="#pb370" class="pageref">370</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-l-Karīm Maʿmūrī, directed -to make buildings at Māndū, <a href="#pb280" class= -"pageref">280</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb368" class="pageref">368</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf, Akbar’s teacher, -<a href="#pb28" class="pageref">28</a>, n. 2;<br> -tomb at Ajmir, <a href="#pb264" class="pageref">264</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf, son of Naqīb -K͟hān, whipped, <a href="#pb171" class="pageref">171</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf, K͟hwāja, -promoted, <a href="#pb288" class="pageref">288</a>;<br> -rewarded, <a href="#pb295" class="pageref">295</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf, descendant of rulers of -Gujarat, captured, <a href="#pb378" class="pageref">378</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-l-Wahhāb, S͟haik͟h, removed as -incompetent, <a href="#pb75" class="pageref">75</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-llah, son of K͟hān -Aʿz̤am, receives title of Sarfarāz K͟hān, -<a href="#pb149" class="pageref">149</a>;<br> -brought to Court and promoted, <a href="#pb260" class= -"pageref">260</a>;<br> -sent for from Ranṭambhor prison, <a href="#pb288" class= -"pageref">288</a>;<br> -unchained and sent to his father’s house, <a href="#pb289" class= -"pageref">289</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-llah Bārha, Sayyid, promoted, <a href= -"#pb298" class="pageref">298</a>;<br> -brings news of victory, <a href="#pb380" class="pageref">380</a>;<br> -styled Saif K͟hān, <a href="#pb382" class= -"pageref">382</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, Fīrūz-jang, -Naqs͟hbandī K͟hwāja, began as an ahadi, <a href= -"#pb27" class="pageref">27</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>, <a href="#pb140" -class="pageref">140</a>, <a href="#pb157" class="pageref">157</a>, -<a href="#pb200" class="pageref">200</a>;<br> -takes prisoner Rāja Rām Chand, <a href="#pb82" class= -"pageref">82</a>;<br> -produces him in Court, <a href="#pb87" class="pageref">87</a>;<br> -captures Badīʿu-z-zamān, <a href="#pb127" class= -"pageref">127</a>;<br> -appointed to act against Rānā and receives title of -Fīrūz-jang, <a href="#pb155" class="pageref">155</a>;<br> -said to have killed prisoners, <a href="#pb213" class="pageref">213</a> -note;<br> -defeated in Deccan, <a href="#pb219" class="pageref">219</a>–21, -<a href="#pb234" class="pageref">234</a>;<br> -elephant sent to, <a href="#pb239" class="pageref">239</a> and n. 2, -<a href="#pb310" class="pageref">310</a>;<br> -misbehaviour, <a href="#pb331" class="pageref">331</a>;<br> -pardoned, <a href="#pb335" class="pageref">335</a>–6;<br> -quarrel with ʿĀbid and punishment, <a href="#pb420" class= -"pageref">420</a>–1. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb456" href= -"#pb456" name="pb456">456</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-n-Nabī, S͟haik͟h, -Jahāngīr read the “Forty Sayings” with, <a href= -"#pb22" class="pageref">22</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm, -K͟hānk͟hānān, son of Bairām, message sent -to, <a href="#pb28" class="pageref">28</a>;<br> -enlists S͟hīr-afgan, <a href="#pb113" class= -"pageref">113</a>;<br> -presents forty elephants, etc., <a href="#pb134" class= -"pageref">134</a>, <a href="#pb148" class="pageref">148</a>;<br> -comes to Court, <a href="#pb147" class="pageref">147</a>;<br> -his sons, <a href="#pb148" class="pageref">148</a>;<br> -undertakes to subdue Deccan, <a href="#pb149" class= -"pageref">149</a>;<br> -given an elephant and a superb horse, <a href="#pb151" class= -"pageref">151</a>;<br> -daughter, the wife of Dāniyāl, receives 10,000 rupees, -<a href="#pb163" class="pageref">163</a>;<br> -sends manuscript of “Yūsuf and Zulaik͟hā” in -Mīr ʿAlī’s handwriting, <a href="#pb168" class= -"pageref">168</a>;<br> -unsatisfactory conduct, <a href="#pb178" class= -"pageref">178</a>–9;<br> -given jagir in Agra province, <a href="#pb199" class= -"pageref">199</a>;<br> -sent to Deccan by advice of K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan, -<a href="#pb221" class="pageref">221</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb221" class="pageref">221</a>;<br> -applies for son’s leave, <a href="#pb243" class= -"pageref">243</a>;<br> -offering of, <a href="#pb295" class="pageref">295</a>;<br> -at Aḥmadābād, <a href="#pb429" class= -"pageref">429</a>;<br> -defeats Muz̤affar, <a href="#pb431" class="pageref">431</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm K͟har (ass), joins -K͟husrau and receives title of Malik Anwar, <a href="#pb59" class= -"pageref">59</a>;<br> -sewn up in ass’s hide, but survives, <a href="#pb68" class= -"pageref">68</a>–9;<br> -given 1,000 rupees, <a href="#pb163" class="pageref">163</a>;<br> -pardoned and sent to Kashmir, <a href="#pb164" class= -"pageref">164</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm, son of Qāsim -K͟hān, paymaster of ahadis, <a href="#pb116" class= -"pageref">116</a>;<br> -receives title of Tarbiyat K͟hān, <a href="#pb149" class= -"pageref">149</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Tarbiyat.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-r-Raḥmān, son of -Abū-l-faẓl, promoted, <a href="#pb17" class= -"pageref">17</a>, <a href="#pb121" class="pageref">121</a>;<br> -receives title of Afẓal K͟hān, <a href="#pb105" class= -"pageref">105</a>;<br> -made governor of Behar, <a href="#pb143" class="pageref">143</a>;<br> -given K͟harakpur in fief for a year, <a href="#pb146" class= -"pageref">146</a>;<br> -fighting elephant sent to, <a href="#pb167" class= -"pageref">167</a>;<br> -sends to Jahāngīr makers of eunuchs, <a href="#pb168" class= -"pageref">168</a>;<br> -quells Patna rebellion, <a href="#pb173" class= -"pageref">173</a>–5;<br> -sends presents, <a href="#pb206" class="pageref">206</a>;<br> -comes to Court and presents elephants, etc., <a href="#pb235" class= -"pageref">235</a>;<br> -death, <a href="#pb241" class="pageref">241</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-r-Razzāq Maʿmūrī, made -bakhshi, <a href="#pb13" class="pageref">13</a>, <a href="#pb16" class= -"pageref">16</a>;<br> -made Court bakhshi -(<i>bak͟hs͟hī-Ḥuẓūr</i>), <a href= -"#pb82" class="pageref">82</a>;<br> -sent to army, <a href="#pb155" class="pageref">155</a>;<br> -his garden near Agra, <a href="#pb190" class="pageref">190</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-s-Salām, son of -Muʿaz̤z̤am K͟hān, arrives opportunely with -reinforcements, <a href="#pb212" class="pageref">212</a>. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb457" href="#pb457" name="pb457">457</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-s-Sattār, Mullā, <a href="#pb389" -class="pageref">389</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAbdu-s-Subḥān K͟hān, brother -of K͟hān ʿĀlam, released and promoted,177, <a href= -"#pb319" class="pageref">319</a>;<br> -killed in Afghanistan, <a href="#pb323" class="pageref">323</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abhay Rām, son of Akhayrāj, makes riot and is -slain, <a href="#pb29" class="pageref">29</a>–30.</p> -<p class="par">ʿĀbid, son of Niz̤āmu-d-dīn, -historian, ill-treated, <a href="#pb331" class="pageref">331</a>;<br> -appointed to Kabul, <a href="#pb346" class="pageref">346</a>;<br> -quarrel with ʿAbdu-llah, <a href="#pb420" class= -"pageref">420</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿĀbidīn K͟hwāja, promoted, -<a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a>.<br> -<i>See also</i> Addenda.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Abjad</i>, <a href="#pb11" class="pageref">11</a>, n. -3;<br> -of words Allah Akbar and Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb253" class= -"pageref">253</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Āb-pās͟hī</i>, festival of, -<a href="#pb265" class="pageref">265</a>, <a href="#pb295" class= -"pageref">295</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abū-l-bī Ūzbeg, sent to Qandahar, -<a href="#pb224" class="pageref">224</a>;<br> -(qu. perhaps should be Abū-n-nabī?), <a href="#pb234" class= -"pageref">234</a> and n. 1;<br> -governor of Qandahar and sends presents, <a href="#pb235" class= -"pageref">235</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abū-l-fatḥ, of Bijapur, also called -Dekhanī, <a href="#pb180" class="pageref">180</a>;<br> -dagger presented to, <a href="#pb192" class="pageref">192</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb228" class="pageref">228</a>, -<a href="#pb257" class="pageref">257</a>;<br> -obtains fief in Nagpur, <a href="#pb229" class="pageref">229</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abū-l-fatḥ Gīlānī, buried at -Ḥasan Abdāl, <a href="#pb100" class="pageref">100</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abū-l-faẓl, S͟haik͟h, son of -Mubārak, account of, <a href="#pb24" class="pageref">24</a>;<br> -killed by Bīr Singh Deo, <a href="#pb25" class= -"pageref">25</a>;<br> -referred to, <a href="#pb93" class="pageref">93</a>, n. 2;<br> -built embankment, <a href="#pb136" class="pageref">136</a> and n. -1;<br> -sister of, <a href="#pb166" class="pageref">166</a> and n. 1;<br> -report by, <a href="#pb355" class="pageref">355</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abū-l-ḥasan (Āṣaf K͟hān -IV), son of Iʿtimādu-d-daulah and brother of Nūr Jahan, -receives title of Iʿtiqād, <a href="#pb202" class= -"pageref">202</a>;<br> -given sword, <a href="#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>;<br> -house of, <a href="#pb249" class="pageref">249</a>;<br> -comes from Burhanpur and waits on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb252" -class="pageref">252</a>;<br> -receives title of Āṣaf K͟hān, <a href="#pb260" -class="pageref">260</a>, <a href="#pb278" class="pageref">278</a>;<br> -sends Dayānat to Gwalior, <a href="#pb279" class= -"pageref">279</a>;<br> -offerings of, <a href="#pb281" class="pageref">281</a>, <a href= -"#pb283" class="pageref">283</a>, <a href="#pb319" class= -"pageref">319</a>;<br> -magnificent offerings, <a href="#pb320" class="pageref">320</a>;<br> -pays his respects, <a href="#pb373" class="pageref">373</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb381" class="pageref">381</a>;<br> -Jahāngīr visits, <a href="#pb388" class= -"pageref">388</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abū-l-ḥasan, K͟hwāja, -Dāniyāl’s diwan, had an audience, <a href="#pb79" -class="pageref">79</a>;<br> -produces a letter of ʿAzīz Koka, <a href="#pb80" class= -"pageref">80</a>;<br> -joined with Āṣaf K͟hān, <a href="#pb103" class= -"pageref">103</a>;<br> -fire in his house, <a href="#pb172" class="pageref">172</a>;<br> -makes offering, <a href="#pb192" class="pageref">192</a>;<br> -appointed to Deccan as he had long served Sultān Dāniyāl -there, <a href="#pb202" class="pageref">202</a>;<br> -sent to Deccan to inquire into cause of ʿAbdu-llah’s defeat, -<a href="#pb219" class="pageref">219</a>;<br> -recommends dispatch of ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm, <a href="#pb221" -class="pageref">221</a>;<br> -advice <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb458" href="#pb458" name= -"pb458">458</a>]</span>accepted and the K͟hwāja sent with -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm, <a href="#pb221" class= -"pageref">221</a>;<br> -made <i>bak͟hs͟hī-kul</i>, <a href="#pb256" class= -"pageref">256</a>;<br> -appointed along with Ibrahīm K͟hān to be paymaster of -household, <a href="#pb260" class="pageref">260</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>, <a href="#pb287" -class="pageref">287</a>, <a href="#pb318" class="pageref">318</a>, -<a href="#pb320" class="pageref">320</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abū-l-ḥasan Shihābk͟hānī, -made vizier of Bengal in room of Wazīr K͟hān -(Muqīm), <a href="#pb139" class="pageref">139</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abū-l-qāsim, brother of Āṣaf -K͟hān, Muhammad Jaʿfar, <a href="#pb103" class= -"pageref">103</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abū-l-qāsim Namakīn, his numerous -children, <a href="#pb31" class="pageref">31</a>;<br> -assists in capture of K͟husrau, <a href="#pb67" class= -"pageref">67</a>;<br> -Jagirdar of Jalālābād, <a href="#pb102" class= -"pageref">102</a>;<br> -removed from there, <a href="#pb103" class="pageref">103</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abū-l-wafā, given money for building bridge, -etc., at Ḥasan Abdāl, <a href="#pb160" class= -"pageref">160</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abū-l-walī, promoted, <a href="#pb160" class= -"pageref">160</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Abū-n-nabī (?), Ūzbeg, formerly governor -of Mashhad, promoted, <a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a> and n. -1;<br> -remark of, <a href="#pb30" class="pageref">30</a> and n. 1;<br> -appointed to assist Farīd, <a href="#pb61" class="pageref">61</a> -and n. 3.</p> -<p class="par">Adhār, place in East Bengal, <a href="#pb213" -class="pageref">213</a> and note.</p> -<p class="par">ʿĀdil K͟hān, of -Bījāpūr, horse sent by, wins race, <a href="#pb110" -class="pageref">110</a>;<br> -offers loyalty, <a href="#pb176" class="pageref">176</a>, <a href= -"#pb182" class="pageref">182</a>, <a href="#pb203" class= -"pageref">203</a>, <a href="#pb234" class="pageref">234</a>;<br> -gives niece in marriage to singer, <a href="#pb271" class= -"pageref">271</a>;<br> -musical compositions of, <a href="#pb272" class="pageref">272</a> and -n. 1, <a href="#pb288" class="pageref">288</a>;<br> -sends offering, <a href="#pb299" class="pageref">299</a>, <a href= -"#pb335" class="pageref">335</a>, <a href="#pb368" class= -"pageref">368</a>;<br> -styled <i>farzand</i>, <a href="#pb388" class="pageref">388</a>;<br> -his diamond, <a href="#pb400" class="pageref">400</a>;<br> -presents elephants, <a href="#pb400" class= -"pageref">400</a>–1.</p> -<p class="par">Afẓal K͟hān, son of -Abū-l-faẓl. <i>See</i> ʿAbdu-r-Raḥmān.</p> -<p class="par">Afẓal K͟hān, title of Mullā -S͟hukru-llah, the Mīrzā Sowcolla of Roe, S͟hāh -Jahān’s diwan, report from, <a href="#pb368" class= -"pageref">368</a>, <a href="#pb387" class="pageref">387</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb402" class="pageref">402</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Agra, description of, <a href="#pb3" class= -"pageref">3</a>–5, <a href="#pb7" class="pageref">7</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Aḥdād, Afghan, creates disturbance, <a href= -"#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>;<br> -defeated, <a href="#pb263" class="pageref">263</a>, <a href="#pb311" -class="pageref">311</a>–12.</p> -<p class="par">Aḥmad Beg, Kābulī, reports -K͟husrau’s march, <a href="#pb53" class= -"pageref">53</a>;<br> -removed, <a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a>;<br> -appointed to Bangas͟h, <a href="#pb105" class= -"pageref">105</a>;<br> -Attock transferred from, <a href="#pb111" class="pageref">111</a>;<br> -confined at Ranṭambhor, <a href="#pb279" class= -"pageref">279</a>;<br> -released, <a href="#pb297" class="pageref">297</a>;<br> -governor of Kashmir, <a href="#pb303" class="pageref">303</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Aḥmad K͟hān, brother of -K͟hiẓr K͟hān, who was formerly ruler of -K͟handesh, <a href="#pb76" class="pageref">76</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Aḥmad K͟haṭṭū, -S͟haik͟h, a saint, <a href="#pb428" class="pageref">428</a> -and note. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb459" href="#pb459" name= -"pb459">459</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Aḥmad Lāhorī, S͟haik͟h, made -Mīr-i-ʿAdl, <a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a> and n. -2.</p> -<p class="par">Aḥmad, Sayyid, editor of Tūzuk, notes by, -<a href="#pb164" class="pageref">164</a>, <a href="#pb200" class= -"pageref">200</a>, <a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a>, <a href= -"#pb332" class="pageref">332</a>, <a href="#pb428" class= -"pageref">428</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Aḥmad, Sultān of Gujarat, <a href="#pb420" -class="pageref">420</a>, <a href="#pb424" class="pageref">424</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Aḥmadābād, <a href="#pb401" class= -"pageref">401</a>;<br> -styled Gardābād, <a href="#pb414" class= -"pageref">414</a>;<br> -description of, <a href="#pb423" class="pageref">423</a>;<br> -mosque of, <a href="#pb424" class="pageref">424</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ahmadnagar, <a href="#pb181" class= -"pageref">181</a>;<br> -grapes of, <a href="#pb360" class="pageref">360</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Aimāqs, cavalry, <a href="#pb55" class= -"pageref">55</a>;<br> -present to leaders, <a href="#pb58" class="pageref">58</a>, <a href= -"#pb61" class="pageref">61</a>;<br> -killed, <a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>, <a href="#pb82" class= -"pageref">82</a> and note, <a href="#pb119" class="pageref">119</a>, -<a href="#pb159" class="pageref">159</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ajmir, entered, <a href="#pb253" class= -"pageref">253</a>;<br> -description of, <a href="#pb340" class="pageref">340</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Akbar, emperor, desire for a son, <a href="#pb1" class= -"pageref">1</a>;<br> -makes Sīkrī his capital, <a href="#pb2" class= -"pageref">2</a>;<br> -styled after death -<i>ʿArs͟h-ās͟hyānī</i>, <a href="#pb5" -class="pageref">5</a>;<br> -illiterate, <a href="#pb33" class="pageref">33</a>;<br> -personal appearance, <a href="#pb33" class= -"pageref">33</a>–4;<br> -children of, <a href="#pb34" class="pageref">34</a>;<br> -good qualities, <a href="#pb37" class="pageref">37</a>–8;<br> -declines to kill Hemū, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>;<br> -march to Gujarat, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>–1;<br> -account of, <a href="#pb42" class="pageref">42</a>–5;<br> -abstinence of, <a href="#pb45" class="pageref">45</a>;<br> -‘Divine Faith,’ <a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a> and -n. 2;<br> -builds fort on Chenāb, <a href="#pb91" class="pageref">91</a>;<br> -changed name for cherries, <a href="#pb116" class= -"pageref">116</a>;<br> -anniversary of birth, <a href="#pb127" class="pageref">127</a>;<br> -of death, <a href="#pb148" class="pageref">148</a>;<br> -tomb of, visited by Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb152" class= -"pageref">152</a>;<br> -orders about Sunday, <a href="#pb184" class="pageref">184</a>;<br> -weighed twice a year, <a href="#pb230" class="pageref">230</a>;<br> -kept 1,000 cheetahs, <a href="#pb240" class="pageref">240</a>;<br> -appears to Jahāngīr in a dream, <a href="#pb269" class= -"pageref">269</a>;<br> -fondness for fruit, <a href="#pb270" class="pageref">270</a>;<br> -in Gujarat, <a href="#pb429" class="pageref">429</a>, <a href="#pb436" -class="pageref">436</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Akhayrāj, son of Bhagwān Dās, riot by his -sons, <a href="#pb29" class="pageref">29</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿĀlam-gumān, name of elephant, <a href= -"#pb259" class="pageref">259</a>, <a href="#pb260" class= -"pageref">260</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAlāʾu-d-dīn, S͟haik͟h, -grandson of S͟haik͟h Ṣalīm, receives title of -Islām K͟hān, <a href="#pb31" class="pageref">31</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Islām K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">Albino birds and beasts, <a href="#pb140" class= -"pageref">140</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAlī Aḥmad, Mullā, son of -S͟haik͟h Ḥusain, seal-engraver, 1,000 rupees given to, -<a href="#pb159" class="pageref">159</a>;<br> -sudden death of, <a href="#pb169" class="pageref">169</a>;<br> -couplet by, <a href="#pb228" class="pageref">228</a> and n. 2.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAlī Akbars͟hāhī, -Mīrzā, promoted and given Sambhal in fief, <a href="#pb25" -class="pageref">25</a> and note;<br> -sent in pursuit of K͟husrau, <a href="#pb65" class= -"pageref">65</a>;<br> -given 1,000 rupees, <a href="#pb163" class="pageref">163</a>;<br> -reward to, <a href="#pb182" class="pageref">182</a>;<br> -comes from Deccan, <a href="#pb233" class="pageref">233</a>;<br> -death, <a href="#pb334" class="pageref">334</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAlī Aṣg͟har Bārha, son of -Sayyid Maḥmūd, styled Saif K͟hān, <a href="#pb32" -class="pageref">32</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Saif K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAlī Bārha, Sayyid, promoted, <a href= -"#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb460" -href="#pb460" name="pb460">460</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">ʿAlī K͟hān Kaṛorī, -receives title of Naubat K͟hān, <a href="#pb111" class= -"pageref">111</a> and n. 4.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAlī K͟hān Niyāzī, sent to -Deccan, <a href="#pb184" class="pageref">184</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAlī K͟hān, ruler of K͟handesh, -letter of ʿAzīz Koka to, <a href="#pb79" class= -"pageref">79</a>–80.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAlī Mardān K͟hān Bahādur, -wounded and made prisoner, <a href="#pb220" class= -"pageref">220</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAlī Masjid, fort of, <a href="#pb102" class= -"pageref">102</a>, <a href="#pb117" class="pageref">117</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAlī Qulī Istājlū, table -servant of Ismāʿīl II, <a href="#pb113" class= -"pageref">113</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> S͟hīr-afgan.</p> -<p class="par">Allahdād, son of Jalālā, presents to, -<a href="#pb295" class="pageref">295</a>, <a href="#pb321" class= -"pageref">321</a>, <a href="#pb324" class="pageref">324</a>, <a href= -"#pb390" class="pageref">390</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Allah-yār Koka, styled Himmat K͟hān, -<a href="#pb406" class="pageref">406</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Alligator, <a href="#pb408" class="pageref">408</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Altūn-tamg͟hā</i>, meaning of term, -<a href="#pb23" class="pageref">23</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Alūwa Sarai (11 miles south-east of Sirhind), -<a href="#pb61" class="pageref">61</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Amānābād, strange occurrence at, <a href= -"#pb247" class="pageref">247</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Amānat K͟hān, superintendent of Cambay, -<a href="#pb418" class="pageref">418</a>, <a href="#pb423" class= -"pageref">423</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Amānu-llah, son of Mahābat K͟hān, -Rūp Bās called Amānābād after him, <a href= -"#pb252" class="pageref">252</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Amar Singh, Rānā, of Udaipūr, defeat of, -<a href="#pb249" class="pageref">249</a>–51;<br> -submits, <a href="#pb273" class="pageref">273</a>, <a href="#pb276" -class="pageref">276</a>, <a href="#pb285" class="pageref">285</a>;<br> -statue of, <a href="#pb332" class="pageref">332</a>;<br> -sends figs, <a href="#pb349" class="pageref">349</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ambā, an oppressor (Sikh?), heavily fined, <a href= -"#pb73" class="pageref">73</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Amba K͟hān Kashmīrī, receives rank -of 1,000, <a href="#pb75" class="pageref">75</a>;<br> -wounds S͟hīr-afgan and is himself killed, <a href="#pb115" -class="pageref">115</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAmbar, Malik, <a href="#pb220" class= -"pageref">220</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Malik ʿAmbar.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAmīd S͟hāh G͟horī or -Dilāwar K͟hān, ruler of Malwa, <a href="#pb407" class= -"pageref">407</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Amīnu-d-daula, made Ātis͟h-i-begī, -or perhaps Yātis͟h-begī, <a href="#pb13" class= -"pageref">13</a>, <a href="#pb14" class="pageref">14</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Amīr K͟husrau, verses by, <a href="#pb100" -class="pageref">100</a>, <a href="#pb169" class="pageref">169</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Amīru-l-Umarā, <i>see</i> S͟harīf -K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">Amrohī, halt at, <a href="#pb100" class= -"pageref">100</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Ananās</i> (pineapple), <a href="#pb5" class= -"pageref">5</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ānand K͟hān, title of S͟hauqī, -<a href="#pb331" class="pageref">331</a>;<br> -given one day’s offerings, <a href="#pb370" class= -"pageref">370</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Anīrāʾī Singh-dalan, title of -Anūp Rāy, saves Jahāngīr at tiger hunt, <a href= -"#pb185" class="pageref">185</a>–7;<br> -receives his title, <a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a>;<br> -in charge of Rustam Ṣafawī, <a href="#pb263" class= -"pageref">263</a>;<br> -charge of K͟husrau transferred from, to Āṣaf -K͟hān (compare Sir T. Roe’s account), <a href="#pb336" -class="pageref">336</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb373" class="pageref">373</a>. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb461" href="#pb461" name="pb461">461</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Anjū or Injū, <i>see</i> -Jamālu-d-dīn Ḥusain.</p> -<p class="par">Antelopes, <a href="#pb83" class="pageref">83</a>;<br> -grave of antelope at Jahāngīrpūr -(S͟haik͟hūpūra), <a href="#pb90" class= -"pageref">90</a>, <a href="#pb91" class="pageref">91</a>, <a href= -"#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>, <a href="#pb129" class= -"pageref">129</a>;<br> -milk of antelope, <a href="#pb148" class="pageref">148</a>;<br> -prayer carpet made of skins of, <a href="#pb203" class= -"pageref">203</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Anūp Rāy, <i>see</i> -Anīrāʾī.</p> -<p class="par">Āqā Mullā, brother of Āṣaf -K͟hān, i.e. Muḥammad Jaʿfar Āṣaf (No. -iii), rank fixed, <a href="#pb58" class="pageref">58</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Aqam Ḥājī, pretended Turkish ambassador, -<a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿĀqil, K͟hwāja, made bakhshi, -<a href="#pb71" class="pageref">71</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb297" class="pageref">297</a>;<br> -made a K͟hān, <a href="#pb439" class="pageref">439</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿArab K͟hān, made fief-holder of -Jalālābād, <a href="#pb103" class="pageref">103</a>, -<a href="#pb105" class="pageref">105</a>;<br> -given elephant, <a href="#pb170" class="pageref">170</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ārām Bānū, daughter of Akbar and -Bībī Daulat-S͟hād, <a href="#pb36" class= -"pageref">36</a>;<br> -character of, <a href="#pb36" class="pageref">36</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Arg͟hus͟htak</i> (Afghan dance), <a href= -"#pb107" class="pageref">107</a> and note.</p> -<p class="par">Arjumand Bānū (Mumtāz Maḥall), -married to K͟hurram, Sult̤ān (S͟hāh -Jahān), <a href="#pb224" class="pageref">224</a> and note;<br> -birth of Dārā, <a href="#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Arjun, Sikh, fifth Gūrū, favours -K͟husrau, <a href="#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>:<br> -put to death, <a href="#pb73" class="pageref">73</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par"><i>ʿArs͟h-ās͟hyānī</i> -(title of Akbar), <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Arslān Bī, governor of Kāhmard fort, -<a href="#pb118" class="pageref">118</a>;<br> -waited upon Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb125" class= -"pageref">125</a>;<br> -appointed to Sahwan, <a href="#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Asad Mullā, story-teller, <a href="#pb377" class= -"pageref">377</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Āṣaf K͟hān (No. iii), otherwise -Mīrzā Jaʿfar Beg, son of Badīʿu-z-zamān, -of Qazwīn (the Āṣaf No. iii of Blochmann), couplet on -coins, <a href="#pb11" class="pageref">11</a>;<br> -nephew of Muk͟htār Beg, <a href="#pb16" class= -"pageref">16</a>;<br> -made vizier, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>, <a href="#pb42" -class="pageref">42</a>, <a href="#pb103" class="pageref">103</a> and n. -2;<br> -given fief in Panjab, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>;<br> -with Parwīz, <a href="#pb74" class="pageref">74</a>;<br> -left to guard K͟husrau, <a href="#pb82" class= -"pageref">82</a>;<br> -house visited by Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb132" class= -"pageref">132</a>;<br> -presents ruby, <a href="#pb148" class="pageref">148</a>;<br> -dies at Burhanpur, <a href="#pb222" class= -"pageref">222</a>–3;<br> -suspected of privity to Kabul plot of K͟husrau, <a href="#pb223" -class="pageref">223</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Āṣaf-k͟hān (No. ii), <i>see</i> -G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn ʿAlī.</p> -<p class="par">Āṣaf K͟hān (No. iv), <i>see</i> -Abū-l-ḥasan.</p> -<p class="par">Āsīrgarh, <a href="#pb34" class= -"pageref">34</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Attock, fort of, <a href="#pb101" class= -"pageref">101</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Avicenna quoted about wine-drinking, <a href="#pb306" -class="pageref">306</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb462" href= -"#pb462" name="pb462">462</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Āyīn-i-Jahāngīrī, -Jahāngīr’s regulations, <a href="#pb205" class= -"pageref">205</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAz̤āmat K͟hān, <a href= -"#pb432" class="pageref">432</a>; death, <a href="#pb443" class= -"pageref">443</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿAzīz Koka, K͟hān Aʿz̤am, -son of S͟hamsu-d-dīn and Jījī Angā, rescued by -Akbar, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>–2;<br> -accompanies Jahāngīr in pursuit of K͟husrau, <a href= -"#pb54" class="pageref">54</a>;<br> -discovery of his letter to ʿAlī K͟hān, <a href= -"#pb79" class="pageref">79</a>–81;<br> -hypocritical character, <a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a>;<br> -governor of Gujarat, <a href="#pb153" class="pageref">153</a>;<br> -sent to Deccan, <a href="#pb183" class="pageref">183</a>;<br> -governor of Malwa, <a href="#pb200" class="pageref">200</a>;<br> -S͟hādmān, his son, <a href="#pb203" class= -"pageref">203</a>;<br> -letter from, <a href="#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>;<br> -begs to be sent against the Rānā, <a href="#pb234" class= -"pageref">234</a>, <a href="#pb256" class="pageref">256</a>;<br> -behaves badly, <a href="#pb257" class="pageref">257</a>–8;<br> -made over to Āṣaf K͟hān (No. iv) to be confined in -Gwalior, but to be made comfortable, <a href="#pb261" class= -"pageref">261</a>;<br> -Akbar appears to Jahāngīr in a dream and begs forgiveness for -ʿAzīz, <a href="#pb269" class="pageref">269</a>;<br> -brought from Gwalior and pardoned, <a href="#pb287" class= -"pageref">287</a>;<br> -gets lakh of rupees, etc., <a href="#pb289" class= -"pageref">289</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">B</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Bābā K͟hurram, <i>see</i> -K͟hurram Bābā and S͟hāh Jahān.</p> -<p class="par">Bābar, emperor, defeats Ibrāhīm, -Sult̤ān, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>;<br> -makes garden, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>;<br> -styled <i>Firdūs-makānī</i>, <a href="#pb5" class= -"pageref">5</a>;<br> -waited on by Dilāwar K͟hān, <a href="#pb87" class= -"pageref">87</a>;<br> -his stone terrace at Kabul, <a href="#pb108" class= -"pageref">108</a>;<br> -his Memoirs, <a href="#pb109" class="pageref">109</a>, <a href="#pb110" -class="pageref">110</a> note, <a href="#pb215" class= -"pageref">215</a>;<br> -Jahāngīr visits his tomb, <a href="#pb110" class= -"pageref">110</a>;<br> -revisits stone terrace, <a href="#pb121" class="pageref">121</a>;<br> -defeats Rānā Sāngā, <a href="#pb250" class= -"pageref">250</a>;<br> -verse by, <a href="#pb304" class="pageref">304</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bad luck, four causes of, <a href="#pb235" class= -"pageref">235</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Badīʿu-z-zamān, fourth son of -S͟hāhruk͟h, <a href="#pb120" class= -"pageref">120</a>;<br> -goes off to join Rānā, arrested and sent to Court, <a href= -"#pb127" class="pageref">127</a>;<br> -gets 2,000 rupees, <a href="#pb160" class="pageref">160</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb163" class="pageref">163</a>, <a href="#pb289" -class="pageref">289</a>, <a href="#pb360" class="pageref">360</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb202" class= -"pageref">202</a>;<br> -appointed to expedition against Rānā, <a href="#pb204" class= -"pageref">204</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bāgha, son of Rānā, <a href="#pb74" -class="pageref">74</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Baglāna, account of, <a href="#pb396" class= -"pageref">396</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bahādur, son of Muz̤affar Gujarātī, -makes disturbance, <a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a>;<br> -death, <a href="#pb274" class="pageref">274</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bahādur, Sultan of Gujarat, <a href="#pb408" class= -"pageref">408</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bahādur K͟hān Qūrbegī, -promoted, <a href="#pb81" class="pageref">81</a>;<br> -governor of Qandahar, <a href="#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>, -<a href="#pb319" class="pageref">319</a>;<br> -makes offering, <a href="#pb379" class="pageref">379</a>. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb463" href="#pb463" name="pb463">463</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Bahāduru-l-mulk, given standard, <a href="#pb255" -class="pageref">255</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb285" class="pageref">285</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bahlūl K͟hān, <a href="#pb372" class= -"pageref">372</a>, <a href="#pb405" class="pageref">405</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bahra-war, son of Mahābat K͟hān, <a href= -"#pb346" class="pageref">346</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bairām K͟hān, Akbar’s tutor, -<a href="#pb38" class="pageref">38</a>;<br> -kills Tardī Beg, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>;<br> -advises Akbar to kill Hemū, <a href="#pb40" class= -"pageref">40</a>;<br> -married to Salīma Sult̤ān Begam, <a href="#pb232" class= -"pageref">232</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bais͟h (Vais͟hya), Hindu caste, <a href= -"#pb245" class="pageref">245</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bāk Bhal, village, <a href="#pb165" class= -"pageref">165</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bak͟htar K͟hān Kalāwant, -ʿĀdil K͟hān’s favourite, <a href="#pb271" -class="pageref">271</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bālā Ḥiṣār, of Kabul, -inspected, <a href="#pb118" class="pageref">118</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bāmīyān, <a href="#pb117" class= -"pageref">117</a> and note.</p> -<p class="par">Banārasī, S͟haik͟h, misconduct at -Patna and punishment, <a href="#pb175" class= -"pageref">175</a>–6.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Bang</i> and <i>būza</i>, forbidden, <a href= -"#pb157" class="pageref">157</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bansībadan, elephant sent by Islām -K͟hān, <a href="#pb237" class="pageref">237</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bāppa, <a href="#pb250" class="pageref">250</a> n. -2.</p> -<p class="par">Bāqī K͟hān, ruler of Transoxiana, -<a href="#pb26" class="pageref">26</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bargīs (Mahrattas), <a href="#pb220" class= -"pageref">220</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bārha Sayyids, <a href="#pb64" class= -"pageref">64</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bark͟hūrdār, son of -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥmān, son of Muʾayyid Beg, ordered back -to his fief, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>;<br> -given title of K͟hān ʿĀlam, <a href="#pb154" class= -"pageref">154</a>.<br> -<i>See also</i> K͟hān ʿĀlam.</p> -<p class="par">Bark͟hūrdār, brother of ʿAbdu-llah -Fīrūz-jang, gets title of Bahādur K͟hān, -<a href="#pb146" class="pageref">146</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb163" class="pageref">163</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Basāwal, <a href="#pb103" class= -"pageref">103</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bāso, Raja of Māu, promoted, <a href="#pb49" -class="pageref">49</a>;<br> -sent in quest of K͟husrau, <a href="#pb65" class= -"pageref">65</a>;<br> -in charge of Rām Chand Bandīlah, <a href="#pb87" class= -"pageref">87</a>;<br> -appointed to army against Rānā, <a href="#pb200" class= -"pageref">200</a>;<br> -death, <a href="#pb252" class="pageref">252</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Batoh, village in Gujarat, <a href="#pb436" class= -"pageref">436</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bāyazīd, S͟haik͟h, grandson of -S͟haik͟h Salīm, promoted, <a href="#pb32" class= -"pageref">32</a>;<br> -receives title of Muʿaz̤z̤am K͟hān, <a href= -"#pb79" class="pageref">79</a>;<br> -governor of Delhi, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>;<br> -promoted and sent to Delhi, <a href="#pb171" class= -"pageref">171</a>;<br> -sons promoted, <a href="#pb202" class="pageref">202</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bāyazīd Bārha, <a href="#pb418" class= -"pageref">418</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bāyazīd Biyāt, quoted, <a href="#pb107" -class="pageref">107</a> note.</p> -<p class="par">Bāyazīd Mankalī, pays respects along with -his brothers on coming from Bengal, <a href="#pb166" class= -"pageref">166</a>;<br> -sent off after getting dress, <a href="#pb170" class= -"pageref">170</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bāysung͟har, son of Dāniyāl, -<a href="#pb75" class="pageref">75</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bāz Bahādur, title of Lāla Beg, son of -Niz̤ām librarian to Humayūn, <a href="#pb21" class= -"pageref">21</a>;<br> -held fief in Bihar, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb464" href="#pb464" name= -"pb464">464</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Bāz Bahādur Qalmāq, waits on -Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb79" class="pageref">79</a>;<br> -appointed to Deccan, <a href="#pb184" class="pageref">184</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bengal, account of, <a href="#pb207" class= -"pageref">207</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bezoar stones, goats with them brought from Carnatic, -<a href="#pb240" class="pageref">240</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bhadar, name of Aḥmadābād citadel, -<a href="#pb423" class="pageref">423</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bhagwān Dās, Rāja, son of -Bihārī Mal, uncle (and adoptive father) of Mān Singh, -<a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>, <a href="#pb29" class= -"pageref">29</a>;<br> -in battle in Gujarat, <a href="#pb42" class="pageref">42</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bhakra, village in Ghakhar country, <a href="#pb96" -class="pageref">96</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Bhanwar</i>, net, <a href="#pb99" class= -"pageref">99</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bhāo Singh, son of Mān Singh, promoted -<a href="#pb24" class="pageref">24</a>, <a href="#pb140" class= -"pageref">140</a>, <a href="#pb372" class="pageref">372</a>;<br> -made Mīrzā Rāja, <a href="#pb266" class= -"pageref">266</a>;<br> -goes home, <a href="#pb268" class="pageref">268</a>;<br> -offering of, <a href="#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>;<br> -goes to Amber, <a href="#pb297" class="pageref">297</a>;<br> -given a turban, <a href="#pb329" class="pageref">329</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bhārat, grandson of Rām Chand Bandīlah, -made Raja, <a href="#pb231" class="pageref">231</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bharjū, Raja of Baglāna, <a href="#pb221" -class="pageref">221</a>, <a href="#pb396" class="pageref">396</a>, -<a href="#pb411" class="pageref">411</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bhīm Narāyan, of Gadeha, <a href="#pb411" -class="pageref">411</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bhoj, Rāja, <a href="#pb406" class= -"pageref">406</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bhoj, son of Bikramājīt Bhadauriyā, -<a href="#pb389" class="pageref">389</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bhūgyāl tribe, <a href="#pb97" class= -"pageref">97</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Bīd mūllā</i> (willow-tree), <a href= -"#pb7" class="pageref">7</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bīgara, meaning of title, <a href="#pb429" class= -"pageref">429</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bihār Bānū Begam, daughter of -Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bihārī Chand Qānūngū, to send -infantry to Parwīz, <a href="#pb159" class="pageref">159</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb160" class="pageref">160</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bihārī Mal, Rāja, first Rājpūt -to serve Akbar, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bihaṭ River, source of, <a href="#pb92" class= -"pageref">92</a>–3.</p> -<p class="par">Bihis͟htābād, that is, Sikandra, <a href= -"#pb249" class="pageref">249</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bijay Rām, riot by, <a href="#pb29" class= -"pageref">29</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bīka Begam, (step) great-grandmother of -Jahāngīr, wife of Bābar, her garden at Kabul, <a href= -"#pb106" class="pageref">106</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Bikramājīt, Rāja, title of Patr Dās, -<a href="#pb22" class="pageref">22</a>;<br> -sent to Gujarat, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>. See Patr -Dās.</p> -<p class="par">Bikramājīt, Sundar Dās, Rāja, -<a href="#pb325" class="pageref">325</a>, <a href="#pb402" class= -"pageref">402</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bikramājīt, of Ujjain, founder of -observatories, <a href="#pb22" class="pageref">22</a>, <a href="#pb354" -class="pageref">354</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bikramājīt, zamindar of Bāndhū, -<a href="#pb176" class="pageref">176</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bīr Singh Deo, of Bandela, promoted, <a href= -"#pb24" class="pageref">24</a>, <a href="#pb204" class= -"pageref">204</a>. <a href="#pb231" class="pageref">231</a>, <a href= -"#pb281" class="pageref">281</a>;<br> -kills Abū-l-faẓl, <a href="#pb25" class= -"pageref">25</a>;<br> -reports from, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb465" href="#pb465" name= -"pb465">465</a>]</span> <a href="#pb111" class="pageref">111</a>;<br> -brings white cheeta, <a href="#pb139" class="pageref">139</a>;<br> -present to, <a href="#pb147" class="pageref">147</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bird, strange, from Zīrbād (Sumatra, etc.), -<a href="#pb272" class="pageref">272</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Birthday, Jahāngīr’s, <a href="#pb9" -class="pageref">9</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Bis͟hūtan, grandson of Abū-l-faẓl, -<a href="#pb167" class="pageref">167</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Blackstone throne, account of, <a href="#pb177" class= -"pageref">177</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Blochmann quoted, <a href="#pb6" class="pageref">6</a> -notes, and <i>passim</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Bokul</i>, a tree, <a href="#pb6" class= -"pageref">6</a> note.</p> -<p class="par">Brahmans, duties of, <a href="#pb244" class= -"pageref">244</a>, <a href="#pb357" class="pageref">357</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Bug͟hra</i>, cooking entertainment, <a href= -"#pb107" class="pageref">107</a> and note.</p> -<p class="par">Buland-ak͟htar, son of K͟husrau, <a href= -"#pb153" class="pageref">153</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Bulg͟hur-k͟hānas</i>, free -eating-houses, <a href="#pb75" class="pageref">75</a>, <a href="#pb204" -class="pageref">204</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">C</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Caldron, large, for Ajmir shrine, <a href="#pb256" -class="pageref">256</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Cambay, account of, <a href="#pb415" class= -"pageref">415</a>–17.</p> -<p class="par">Carrier-pigeons, <a href="#pb387" class= -"pageref">387</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Carving, curious, <a href="#pb200" class= -"pageref">200</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Chain of Justice, <a href="#pb7" class= -"pageref">7</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Chaks, dynasty, in Kashmir, <a href="#pb95" class= -"pageref">95</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Chambelī</i> (white jessamine), <a href="#pb6" -class="pageref">6</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Champa</i> (sweet-scented flower), <a href="#pb5" -class="pageref">5</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Chanār</i>-tree (plane), <a href="#pb7" class= -"pageref">7</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Chandar Sen, zamindar, <a href="#pb428" class= -"pageref">428</a>, <a href="#pb434" class="pageref">434</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Chandwālah, minaret erected at, <a href="#pb83" -class="pageref">83</a>;<br> -the Chandāla or Jandiāla of, <a href="#pb91" class= -"pageref">91</a>, <a href="#pb130" class="pageref">130</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Chaprāmau in Qanauj, mangoes of, <a href="#pb377" -class="pageref">377</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Chāran, Hindī poet, <a href="#pb141" class= -"pageref">141</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Chardin, J., traveller, quoted, <a href="#pb230" class= -"pageref">230</a> note.</p> -<p class="par">Charities, <a href="#pb128" class="pageref">128</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Chaudharīs rewarded, <a href="#pb69" class= -"pageref">69</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Chaukandī</i>, on Jumna, made by -Humāyūn, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Cheetas, <a href="#pb139" class="pageref">139</a>, -<a href="#pb240" class="pageref">240</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Chelebī, Muḥammad Ḥusain, sent to make -purchases in Persia, <a href="#pb237" class= -"pageref">237</a>–8.</p> -<p class="par">Chhatrī or Khatrī, Hindu caste, <a href= -"#pb244" class="pageref">244</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Chīmnī (?) Begam, daughter of S͟hāh -Jahān, dies at Ajmir, <a href="#pb326" class="pageref">326</a> -(perhaps the name is Chamanī).</p> -<p class="par">Chīn Qilīj, promoted, <a href="#pb111" class= -"pageref">111</a>, <a href="#pb261" class="pageref">261</a>;<br> -made a K͟hān, <a href="#pb199" class="pageref">199</a>, -<a href="#pb231" class="pageref">231</a>;<br> -sent to administer Surat, <a href="#pb233" class="pageref">233</a>, -<a href="#pb261" class="pageref">261</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb260" class= -"pageref">260</a>;<br> -misconduct and death, <a href="#pb301" class="pageref">301</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Chingīz K͟hān, customs of, <a href= -"#pb23" class="pageref">23</a>, <a href="#pb68" class="pageref">68</a>, -<a href="#pb76" class="pageref">76</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb466" href="#pb466" name="pb466">466</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Chitor, Akbar killed Jitmal at, <a href="#pb45" class= -"pageref">45</a>, <a href="#pb250" class="pageref">250</a>;<br> -taken, <a href="#pb251" class="pageref">251</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Chronograms, <a href="#pb11" class="pageref">11</a>, -<a href="#pb12" class="pageref">12</a> and note, <a href="#pb38" class= -"pageref">38</a>, <a href="#pb104" class="pageref">104</a>, <a href= -"#pb108" class="pageref">108</a>, <a href="#pb109" class= -"pageref">109</a>, <a href="#pb270" class="pageref">270</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Coinage, gold and silver, <a href="#pb10" class= -"pageref">10</a>–12, <a href="#pb197" class= -"pageref">197</a>;<br> -new coinage at Cambay, <a href="#pb417" class= -"pageref">417</a>–18.</p> -<p class="par">Column, iron, at Dhār, <a href="#pb407" class= -"pageref">407</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Customs, abolition of, <a href="#pb47" class= -"pageref">47</a>, <a href="#pb107" class="pageref">107</a>–8, -<a href="#pb417" class="pageref">417</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Cypress, <a href="#pb6" class="pageref">6</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">D</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Dahr, village, <a href="#pb76" class= -"pageref">76</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dahrah, garden near Agra, <a href="#pb182" class= -"pageref">182</a>, <a href="#pb232" class="pageref">232</a>, <a href= -"#pb234" class="pageref">234</a>, <a href="#pb252" class= -"pageref">252</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dalāzāk, Afghan tribe, <a href="#pb100" class= -"pageref">100</a>, <a href="#pb127" class="pageref">127</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dall, lake in Kashmir, <a href="#pb93" class= -"pageref">93</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dancing, religious, <a href="#pb173" class= -"pageref">173</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dāniyāl, Sult̤ān, son of Akbar, -birth, <a href="#pb34" class="pageref">34</a>;<br> -account of, <a href="#pb35" class="pageref">35</a>–6;<br> -his elephants, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>;<br> -children, <a href="#pb75" class="pageref">75</a>;<br> -employs Daulat K͟hān, <a href="#pb89" class= -"pageref">89</a>;<br> -gets horse from Akbar, <a href="#pb142" class="pageref">142</a>;<br> -Jahāngīr directs that he be styled S͟hāhzāda -marhūm, <a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dārā S͟hukūh, birth of, <a href= -"#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dārāb, son of ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm -the K͟hānk͟hānān, dress given to, <a href= -"#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>;<br> -promoted and receives Ghazipur in fief, <a href="#pb180" class= -"pageref">180</a>;<br> -receives dagger, <a href="#pb303" class="pageref">303</a>;<br> -his bravery, <a href="#pb313" class="pageref">313</a>;<br> -receives an elephant, <a href="#pb418" class="pageref">418</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Darfūl, country, <a href="#pb158" class= -"pageref">158</a> and n. 3, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a> -and n. 1;<br> -properly Dīzfūl, the Desful of the maps, in Khuzistān, -Persia.<br> -<i>See</i> Addenda.</p> -<p class="par">Dāʾūd Karānī, Afghan ruler of -Bengal, <a href="#pb207" class="pageref">207</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Daulat K͟hān, ancestor of K͟hān -Jahān Lodī, <a href="#pb87" class="pageref">87</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Daulat K͟hān, father of K͟hān -Jahān Lodī, serves ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm, <a href= -"#pb88" class="pageref">88</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Daulat K͟hān brings blackstone throne from -Allahabad, <a href="#pb177" class="pageref">177</a>;<br> -faujdār of Allahabad and Jaunpur, <a href="#pb217" class= -"pageref">217</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Daulat-S͟hād, mother of -S͟hakaru-n-nisā and Ārām Bānū, <a href= -"#pb36" class="pageref">36</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dayānat K͟hān, title of Qāsim -ʿAlī, <a href="#pb123" class="pageref">123</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb260" class="pageref">260</a>, <a href="#pb265" -class="pageref">265</a>;<br> -insults Iʿtimādu-d-daulah and is punished (text wrongly calls -Dayānat S̤ābit), <a href="#pb278" class= -"pageref">278</a>–9;<br> -released, <a href="#pb303" class="pageref">303</a>, <a href="#pb306" -class="pageref">306</a>, <a href="#pb318" class="pageref">318</a>;<br> -sent to Gujarat, <a href="#pb331" class="pageref">331</a>;<br> -rank restored, <a href="#pb333" class="pageref">333</a>;<br> -brings ʿAbdu-llah, <a href="#pb335" class="pageref">335</a>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb467" href="#pb467" name= -"pb467">467</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par"><i>Deonak</i>, a kind of monkey, <a href="#pb143" class= -"pageref">143</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dhār, account of, <a href="#pb407" class= -"pageref">407</a>;<br> -inscription at, <a href="#pb408" class="pageref">408</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dhīrdhar, Rāja, <a href="#pb58" class= -"pageref">58</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Dhurpad</i>, or <i>durpat</i>, Hindī verse or -song, <a href="#pb271" class="pageref">271</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Diamond, called Chamkoṛa, <a href="#pb400" class= -"pageref">400</a>;<br> -nine diamonds sent from Bihar, <a href="#pb379" class= -"pageref">379</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Diamond mines, <a href="#pb315" class= -"pageref">315</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dīk͟htān, village in Malwa, <a href= -"#pb406" class="pageref">406</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dil-āmīz Garden, near Lahore, <a href="#pb90" -class="pageref">90</a>;<br> -Jahāngīr meets his mother there, <a href="#pb131" class= -"pageref">131</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dilāwar, title of Ibrāhīm K͟hān -Kākar, <a href="#pb29" class="pageref">29</a>, <a href="#pb30" -class="pageref">30</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a>, <a href="#pb77" -class="pageref">77</a>, <a href="#pb286" class="pageref">286</a>, -<a href="#pb298" class="pageref">298</a>;<br> -opposed K͟hugrau, <a href="#pb59" class="pageref">59</a>, <a href= -"#pb62" class="pageref">62</a>;<br> -given Jaunpūr, <a href="#pb105" class="pageref">105</a>;<br> -sends ruby, <a href="#pb248" class="pageref">248</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dilāwar K͟hān, son of Daulat -K͟hān and servant of Bābar, put to death by -S͟hīr S͟hāh, <a href="#pb88" class= -"pageref">88</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dilāwar K͟hān, or ʿAmīd -S͟hāh G͟horī, founder of Malwa dynasty, <a href= -"#pb407" class="pageref">407</a>–8.</p> -<p class="par">Divine Faith, Akbar’s, account of, <a href="#pb60" -class="pageref">60</a> and n. 2, <a href="#pb61" class= -"pageref">61</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Diwālī festival, <a href="#pb245" class= -"pageref">245</a>, <a href="#pb268" class="pageref">268</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dogs, <a href="#pb126" class="pageref">126</a>, <a href= -"#pb283" class="pageref">283</a>, <a href="#pb288" class= -"pageref">288</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Doḥad parganah, <a href="#pb414" class= -"pageref">414</a>, <a href="#pb445" class="pageref">445</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Downton, Captain, <a href="#pb274" class= -"pageref">274</a> note.</p> -<p class="par">Drinking, Jahāngīr’s rules for, <a href= -"#pb8" class="pageref">8</a>;<br> -resolves not to drink on Friday eves, <a href="#pb20" class= -"pageref">20</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dulīp, son of Rāy Rāy Singh, rebels, -<a href="#pb76" class="pageref">76</a>;<br> -defeated, <a href="#pb84" class="pageref">84</a>;<br> -pardoned, <a href="#pb148" class="pageref">148</a>;<br> -given dress of honour, <a href="#pb217" class="pageref">217</a>;<br> -made Raja, <a href="#pb218" class="pageref">218</a>;<br> -sent to support Mīrzā Rustam, <a href="#pb229" class= -"pageref">229</a>;<br> -put to death, <a href="#pb259" class="pageref">259</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Durgā, Rāy, death and account of, <a href= -"#pb134" class="pageref">134</a> and Addenda.</p> -<p class="par">Durjan Sāl, zamindar of Khokharā, <a href= -"#pb315" class="pageref">315</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dūst Muḥammad, <i>see</i> K͟hwāja -Jahān.</p> -<p class="par">Dust storm, <a href="#pb247" class= -"pageref">247</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">E</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Ear-boring, <a href="#pb267" class= -"pageref">267</a>–8.</p> -<p class="par">Eclipse, of moon, <a href="#pb160" class= -"pageref">160</a>;<br> -of sun, <a href="#pb183" class="pageref">183</a>, <a href="#pb281" -class="pageref">281</a>.<br> -<i>See also</i> Addenda.</p> -<p class="par">Elephants, rock near Jalālābād carved -into shape of elephant, <a href="#pb103" class="pageref">103</a>;<br> -prices of elephants, <a href="#pb140" class="pageref">140</a>;<br> -death of two elephants from <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb468" href= -"#pb468" name="pb468">468</a>]</span>bite of a mad dog, <a href= -"#pb243" class="pageref">243</a>;<br> -birth of an elephant, <a href="#pb265" class="pageref">265</a>;<br> -elephant hunting, <a href="#pb401" class="pageref">401</a>.</p> -<p class="par">English, victory of, <a href="#pb274" class= -"pageref">274</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Erskine, W., quoted, <a href="#pb5" class= -"pageref">5</a> n. 1;<br> -6 notes <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a> and <a href="#pb4" class= -"pageref">4</a>, etc.</p> -<p class="par">Eunuchs, custom of making in Sylhet, abolished by -Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb150" class="pageref">150</a>–1, -<a href="#pb168" class="pageref">168</a>;<br> -but see Islām’s presents, <a href="#pb247" class= -"pageref">247</a>, unless indeed they were sent under orders mentioned -in <a href="#pb151" class="pageref">151</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">F</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Farāh, governor of, designs attack on -Qandahar, <a href="#pb85" class="pageref">85</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Farḥat K͟hān, strikes Muḥammad -Ḥusain, <a href="#pb44" class="pageref">44</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Farīd Buk͟hārī, S͟haik͟h, -confirmed in post of <i>Mīr Bak͟hs͟hī</i>, <a href= -"#pb13" class="pageref">13</a>;<br> -raised to rank of 5,000, <a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>;<br> -assists in quelling Rajput riot, <a href="#pb30" class= -"pageref">30</a>;<br> -sent in pursuit of K͟husrau, <a href="#pb53" class= -"pageref">53</a>, <a href="#pb57" class="pageref">57</a>;<br> -victory over K͟husrau, <a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>;<br> -given Bhairawal and title of Murtaẓā K͟hān, -<a href="#pb69" class="pageref">69</a>;<br> -receives charge of Arjun Gūrū’s children and houses, -<a href="#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>;<br> -firman issued to, <a href="#pb128" class="pageref">128</a>;<br> -sends ruby ring, <a href="#pb132" class="pageref">132</a>;<br> -made terrace on Jumna, <a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>;<br> -removed from Gujarat on account of servant’s oppression, <a href= -"#pb153" class="pageref">153</a>;<br> -appointed to the Panjab, <a href="#pb178" class="pageref">178</a>;<br> -presents New Year’s gifts, <a href="#pb192" class= -"pageref">192</a>;<br> -settled that he should be governor of Panjab, <a href="#pb198" class= -"pageref">198</a>;<br> -offerings of, <a href="#pb236" class="pageref">236</a>, <a href= -"#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>, <a href="#pb318" class= -"pageref">318</a>;<br> -promoted to 6,000 with 5,000 horse, <a href="#pb239" class= -"pageref">239</a>;<br> -sent to Kāngra, <a href="#pb283" class="pageref">283</a>;<br> -suspects Sūraj Singh, <a href="#pb311" class= -"pageref">311</a>;<br> -death and character of, <a href="#pb324" class="pageref">324</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Farīdābād, <a href="#pb57" class= -"pageref">57</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Farīdūn, son of Muḥammad Qulī -Barlās, promoted, <a href="#pb32" class="pageref">32</a>, <a href= -"#pb143" class="pageref">143</a>, <a href="#pb158" class= -"pageref">158</a>, <a href="#pb231" class="pageref">231</a>;<br> -gets fief in Allahabad, <a href="#pb117" class="pageref">117</a>;<br> -given standard, <a href="#pb167" class="pageref">167</a>;<br> -sent to Deccan, <a href="#pb184" class="pageref">184</a>;<br> -dies at Udaipur, <a href="#pb268" class="pageref">268</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Farmulī, Afghan tribe, barricade Kabul streets, -<a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Farruk͟h Beg, painter, gets present, <a href= -"#pb159" class="pageref">159</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Fatḥ-bāg͟h, garden, <a href="#pb429" -class="pageref">429</a>, <a href="#pb434" class="pageref">434</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Fatḥ Gaj, elephant, <a href="#pb256" class= -"pageref">256</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Fatḥpūr, so called after conquest of Gujarat, -<a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb469" href="#pb469" name="pb469">469</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Fatḥu-llah, son of Ḥakīm -Abū-l-fatḥ, involved in K͟husrau’s plot and -imprisoned, <a href="#pb123" class="pageref">123</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Fatḥu-llah, Ḥakīm, promoted, <a href= -"#pb71" class="pageref">71</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Fatḥu-llah, K͟hwājagī, confirmed as -<i>bak͟hs͟hī</i>, <a href="#pb13" class= -"pageref">13</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Fāẓil, Mīr, faujdār of -Qabūlah, <a href="#pb160" class="pageref">160</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Fāẓil K͟hān, i.e. -Āg͟hā Fāẓil, <a href="#pb345" class= -"pageref">345</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Fidāʾī K͟hān, title of -Sulaimān Beg, <a href="#pb131" class="pageref">131</a>;<br> -promoted and sent to Deccan, <a href="#pb162" class= -"pageref">162</a>;<br> -made <i>bak͟hs͟hī</i> of S͟hāh -Jahān’s army, <a href="#pb256" class="pageref">256</a>;<br> -dies, <a href="#pb265" class="pageref">265</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Fidāʾī K͟hān, title of -Hidāyatu-llah, <a href="#pb383" class="pageref">383</a>, <a href= -"#pb389" class="pageref">389</a>;<br> -sent against the Jamindar of Jaitpur, <a href="#pb390" class= -"pageref">390</a>, <a href="#pb391" class="pageref">391</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Fig͟hānī, poet, <a href="#pb150" class= -"pageref">150</a> and n. 1;<br> -quoted, <a href="#pb359" class="pageref">359</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Filūnīyā</i>, explained, <a href= -"#pb308" class="pageref">308</a> and n. 3.</p> -<p class="par">Finch, W., quoted, <a href="#pb99" class= -"pageref">99</a> note, <a href="#pb121" class="pageref">121</a> n. 2, -<a href="#pb174" class="pageref">174</a> note, <a href="#pb381" class= -"pageref">381</a> note.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Firdūs-makānī</i>, <a href="#pb5" -class="pageref">5</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Bābar.</p> -<p class="par">Fishing, <a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a>, -<a href="#pb436" class="pageref">436</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Flowers, Indian, superior to all others, <a href="#pb5" -class="pageref">5</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Frank ports, pineapples grown at, <a href="#pb5" class= -"pageref">5</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Frank saddles, <a href="#pb237" class= -"pageref">237</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Franks of Goa plunder four vessels, <a href="#pb255" -class="pageref">255</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Fruits, <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>;<br> -Jahāngīr’s partiality for mangoes, <a href="#pb5" -class="pageref">5</a>, <a href="#pb116" class="pageref">116</a>;<br> -description of fruits, <a href="#pb116" class="pageref">116</a>, -<a href="#pb270" class="pageref">270</a>, <a href="#pb350" class= -"pageref">350</a>, <a href="#pb397" class="pageref">397</a>, <a href= -"#pb422" class="pageref">422</a>, <a href="#pb435" class= -"pageref">435</a>, <a href="#pb439" class="pageref">439</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">G</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Gadā ʿAlī, captures Muḥammad -Ḥusain, <a href="#pb44" class="pageref">44</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Gadāʾī, Mullā, account of, <a href= -"#pb290" class="pageref">290</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Galahrī</i> (squirrel), animal called -‘master of mice,’ <a href="#pb104" class= -"pageref">104</a>–5.</p> -<p class="par">Game-bag, <a href="#pb83" class="pageref">83</a>, -<a href="#pb126" class="pageref">126</a>, <a href="#pb167" class= -"pageref">167</a>, <a href="#pb191" class="pageref">191</a>, <a href= -"#pb204" class="pageref">204</a>, <a href="#pb234" class= -"pageref">234</a>, <a href="#pb369" class="pageref">369</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ghakkar tribe, <a href="#pb99" class= -"pageref">99</a>.</p> -<p class="par">G͟harchal, Badakhshan tribe, <a href="#pb120" -class="pageref">120</a>.</p> -<p class="par">G͟harīb-k͟hāna, in the Khyber, -<a href="#pb11" class="pageref">11</a> (now known as -Landī-Kotal).</p> -<p class="par">G͟haus̤, Muḥammad, <a href="#pb426" -class="pageref">426</a> and note.</p> -<p class="par">G͟hāzī, Mīrzā, son of -Jānī Beg, sister betrothed by Akbar to K͟husrau, -<a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>;<br> -account of, <a href="#pb71" class="pageref">71</a>;<br> -rewarded with <a href="#pb30" class="pageref">30</a> lakhs of dams, -<a href="#pb75" class="pageref">75</a>;<br> -sent to Qandahar, <a href="#pb86" class="pageref">86</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb131" class= -"pageref">131</a>;<br> -poetry of, <a href="#pb133" class="pageref">133</a>;<br> -ordered to Qandahar, <a href="#pb151" class="pageref">151</a>;<br> -reports about Qandahar, <a href="#pb173" class="pageref">173</a>;<br> -death and character, <a href="#pb223" class="pageref">223</a>–4. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb470" href="#pb470" name= -"pb470">470</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">G͟hiyās̤ Beg, father of Nūr -Jahān, styled Iʿtimādu-d-daula, <a href="#pb22" class= -"pageref">22</a> and n. 2;<br> -put in charge of Agra, <a href="#pb57" class="pageref">57</a>;<br> -his son S͟harīf executed, <a href="#pb122" class= -"pageref">122</a>;<br> -rank of 2,000, <a href="#pb199" class="pageref">199</a>;<br> -made Vizier, <a href="#pb200" class="pageref">200</a>;<br> -house of, <a href="#pb249" class="pageref">249</a>;<br> -receives rank of 5,000 with 2,000 horse, <a href="#pb260" class= -"pageref">260</a>;<br> -affronted by Dayānat, <a href="#pb278" class= -"pageref">278</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb280" class="pageref">280</a>, <a href="#pb281" -class="pageref">281</a>;<br> -offering of, <a href="#pb318" class="pageref">318</a>;<br> -records death of grandchild, <a href="#pb326" class= -"pageref">326</a>;<br> -contingent reviewed <a href="#pb374" class="pageref">374</a>;<br> -Jahāngīr gives his own turban to, <a href="#pb378" class= -"pageref">378</a>.</p> -<p class="par">G͟hiyās̤ Zain-k͟hānī, -diwan of Patna, <a href="#pb173" class="pageref">173</a>;<br> -punished, <a href="#pb176" class="pageref">176</a>.</p> -<p class="par">G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn, Sult̤ān -of Māndū, murder of, <a href="#pb365" class= -"pageref">365</a>.</p> -<p class="par">G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn ʿAlī, -<i>see</i> Naqīb K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn ʿAlī -Āṣaf-k͟hān (No. ii), father of -Nūru-d-dīn, <a href="#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ghorkhatrī, near Peshawar, ignorance of faqirs at, -<a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Gīlās</i> (cherry), <a href="#pb116" class= -"pageref">116</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Gladwin, F. referred to, <a href="#pb8" class= -"pageref">8</a> n. 2.</p> -<p class="par">Goa, <a href="#pb215" class="pageref">215</a>, <a href= -"#pb255" class="pageref">255</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Gobind Dās, Vakil, killed, <a href="#pb292" class= -"pageref">292</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Gobindwāl, news of victory received at, <a href= -"#pb63" class="pageref">63</a>;<br> -residence of Arjun Gūrū, <a href="#pb72" class= -"pageref">72</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Grapes, <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>, <a href= -"#pb404" class="pageref">404</a>, etc.</p> -<p class="par">Gujars, caste, <a href="#pb91" class= -"pageref">91</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Gul-afs͟hān, Bābar’s garden at -Agra, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>–5.</p> -<p class="par">Gul-ruk͟h Begam, mother of Salīma -Sult̤ān Begam, <a href="#pb232" class="pageref">232</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Gulāb-pās͟hī, ceremony of, <a href= -"#pb265" class="pageref">265</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Gulbahār, cherries of, <a href="#pb104" class= -"pageref">104</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Gwalior, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>, etc.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">H</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><i>Ḥabs͟hī</i>, kind of grape, -<a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hādī, Muḥammad, quoted, <a href="#pb15" -class="pageref">15</a> n. 4, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a> n. -6.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥāfiz̤, omens taken from, <a href= -"#pb214" class="pageref">214</a>, <a href="#pb381" class= -"pageref">381</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥāfiz̤ Jamāl, fountain near Ajmir, -<a href="#pb257" class="pageref">257</a>, <a href="#pb269" class= -"pageref">269</a> n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥaidar, S͟haik͟h, of Ahmadabad, <a href= -"#pb426" class="pageref">426</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hailstorm, <a href="#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥajī Bī Ūzbeg, given 4,000 rupees, -<a href="#pb159" class="pageref">159</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb281" class="pageref">281</a>;<br> -gets title of Ūzbeg K͟hān, <a href="#pb285" class= -"pageref">285</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥājī Koka, sister of -Ṣaʿādat Yār Koka, foster-sister of Akbar, <a href= -"#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥājī Mīrak and others released from -Gwalior, <a href="#pb180" class="pageref">180</a>. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb471" href="#pb471" name="pb471">471</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Ḥakīm ʿAbdu-s͟h-S͟hakūr, -<a href="#pb267" class="pageref">267</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥakīm ʿAlī, physician, learned in -mathematics, <a href="#pb68" class="pageref">68</a>;<br> -subaqueous chamber, <a href="#pb152" class="pageref">152</a>;<br> -death and character, <a href="#pb154" class="pageref">154</a>.<br> -<i>See also</i> p. <a href="#pb124" class="pageref">124</a>, where the -‘<i>Yād</i>’ is a mistake of text.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥakīm Muz̤affar, <a href="#pb58" class= -"pageref">58</a>;<br> -rank fixed, <a href="#pb79" class="pageref">79</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Jālālu-d-dīn Ḥakīm.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥakīm Ṣadrā, receives title of -Masīḥu-z-zamān, <a href="#pb155" class= -"pageref">155</a>, <a href="#pb267" class="pageref">267</a>;<br> -produces hermaphrodite cat, <a href="#pb374" class= -"pageref">374</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥakīm <i>Yād</i> ʿAlī, -<a href="#pb124" class="pageref">124</a>. The <i>Yād</i> is a -mistake of text. The name is Ḥakīm ʿAlī, and he is -the man who treated Akbar in his last illness.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥamīd Gujarātī, physician, <a href= -"#pb188" class="pageref">188</a>–9.</p> -<p class="par">Haridās Jhālā, servant of the -Rānā, <a href="#pb273" class="pageref">273</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥasan, Mīrzā, one of -S͟hāhruk͟h’s twin sons, seized as he was going to -join K͟husrau, <a href="#pb54" class="pageref">54</a> and n. 2 -(apparently he was put to death, as no more is heard of him).</p> -<p class="par">Ḥasan, S͟haik͟h, son of -S͟haik͟h Bahā, <a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a> -and n. 2.<br> -<i>See</i> Muqarrab K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥasan Abdāl, place, <a href="#pb99" class= -"pageref">99</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥasan ʿAlī Turkumān promoted, -<a href="#pb248" class="pageref">248</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥasan and Ḥusain, twin sons of -S͟hāhruk͟h, <a href="#pb54" class="pageref">54</a>, -<a href="#pb119" class="pageref">119</a><span class="corr" id= -"xd24e14704" title="Source: :">;</span><br> -for Ḥusain <i>see also</i> <a href="#pb118" class= -"pageref">118</a>, <a href="#pb127" class="pageref">127</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥasan Beg, ambassador of the king of Persia, -receives 10,000 rupees, <a href="#pb90" class="pageref">90</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥasan Miyāna, <a href="#pb405" class= -"pageref">405</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hās͟him, K͟hwāja, of Dahbīd, -<a href="#pb303" class="pageref">303</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hās͟him K͟hān, governor of Orissa, -<a href="#pb127" class="pageref">127</a>;<br> -sends forty-four elephants, <a href="#pb183" class= -"pageref">183</a>;<br> -made governor of Kashmir, <a href="#pb199" class="pageref">199</a>;<br> -has leave to go there, <a href="#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>;<br> -Ṣafdar K͟hān substituted for him, <a href="#pb256" -class="pageref">256</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥāṣilpūr, village, <a href= -"#pb362" class="pageref">362</a>, <a href="#pb404" class= -"pageref">404</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥātim, son of Manglī, or Manklī, -<a href="#pb29" class="pageref">29</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hatyā, village, <a href="#pb97" class= -"pageref">97</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hazāra, a soothsayer, <a href="#pb43" class= -"pageref">43</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hazāras, <a href="#pb110" class= -"pageref">110</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hemū, rebel, <a href="#pb38" class= -"pageref">38</a>, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>;<br> -killed, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>, <a href="#pb59" class= -"pageref">59</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hidāyatu-llah, styled Fidāʾī -K͟hān, <a href="#pb383" class="pageref">383</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hilāl K͟hān, <i>sazāwal</i>, -<a href="#pb67" class="pageref">67</a>;<br> -makes ring-hunt at Rohtas in Panjab, <a href="#pb129" class= -"pageref">129</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb472" href="#pb472" -name="pb472">472</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Himmat K͟hān, promoted, <a href="#pb439" -class="pageref">439</a>;<br> -he is Allah-yār Koka, <a href="#pb406" class= -"pageref">406</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hindāl, father of Ruqayya Sult̤ān Begam, -<a href="#pb48" class="pageref">48</a>;<br> -tomb of, at Kabul, <a href="#pb110" class="pageref">110</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hindu castes, <a href="#pb244" class= -"pageref">244</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hoḍal, Jahāngīr arrives at, <a href= -"#pb57" class="pageref">57</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Holī ceremonies, <a href="#pb245" class= -"pageref">245</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Humām, Ḥakīm, buried at Ḥasan -Abdāl, <a href="#pb100" class="pageref">100</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Humāyūn, emperor, <a href="#pb5" class= -"pageref">5</a>;<br> -gave title of <i>S͟hīrīn-qalaṃ</i> to -ʿAbdu-ṣ-Ṣamad, <a href="#pb15" class= -"pageref">15</a>;<br> -death of, <a href="#pb38" class="pageref">38</a>;<br> -hunted rhinoceros near the Kāma, <a href="#pb102" class= -"pageref">102</a>;<br> -poured water on saint’s hands, <a href="#pb135" class= -"pageref">135</a>;<br> -betrothed Salīma Sult̤ān Begam to Bairām, <a href= -"#pb232" class="pageref">232</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hunting, Jahāngīr prefers shooting with a gun, -and on one day killed eighteen deer, <a href="#pb45" class= -"pageref">45</a>;<br> -hunted for <a href="#pb3" class="pageref">3</a> months <a href="#pb6" -class="pageref">6</a> days, <a href="#pb83" class="pageref">83</a>, -<a href="#pb120" class="pageref">120</a>, <a href="#pb121" class= -"pageref">121</a>, <a href="#pb125" class="pageref">125</a>, <a href= -"#pb130" class="pageref">130</a>, <a href="#pb191" class= -"pageref">191</a>, <a href="#pb202" class="pageref">202</a>, <a href= -"#pb204" class="pageref">204</a>, <a href="#pb234" class= -"pageref">234</a>, <a href="#pb248" class="pageref">248</a>, <a href= -"#pb276" class="pageref">276</a>, <a href="#pb342" class= -"pageref">342</a>, <a href="#pb344" class="pageref">344</a>, <a href= -"#pb369" class="pageref">369</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥusain Beg, diwan of Bengal, makes offering, -<a href="#pb371" class="pageref">371</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥusain Beg, sent by S͟hāh -ʿAbbās, <a href="#pb86" class="pageref">86</a>;<br> -makes offering, <a href="#pb372" class="pageref">372</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥusain (properly Ḥasan) Beg -Badak͟hs͟hī joins K͟husrau, <a href="#pb54" class= -"pageref">54</a>;<br> -suggests going to Kabul, <a href="#pb66" class="pageref">66</a>;<br> -shoots at boatmen, <a href="#pb67" class="pageref">67</a>;<br> -produced before Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb68" class= -"pageref">68</a>;<br> -sewn up in ox-hide and dies, <a href="#pb69" class= -"pageref">69</a>;<br> -reference to, <a href="#pb109" class="pageref">109</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥusain Chelebī sent to Persia, <a href= -"#pb237" class="pageref">237</a>–8.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥusain Jāmī, his dream, <a href="#pb30" -class="pageref">30</a>;<br> -disciples rewarded, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>;<br> -gets twenty lakhs of dams, <a href="#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥusain K͟hān, governor of Herat, -<a href="#pb86" class="pageref">86</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥusain Mīrzā, son of -S͟hāhruk͟h, alleged petition from, <a href="#pb118" -class="pageref">118</a>;<br> -killed, <a href="#pb127" class="pageref">127</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Ḥusainī</i> (kind of grape), <a href= -"#pb5" class="pageref">5</a> n. 1, <a href="#pb404" class= -"pageref">404</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥusāmu-d-dīn, dervish, son of -G͟hāzī K͟hān Badak͟hs͟hī, -married to <span class="corr" id="xd24e15052" title= -"Source: Abūl-l-faẓl’s">Abū-l-faẓl’s</span> -sister, <a href="#pb166" class="pageref">166</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Ḥusāmu-d-dīn, son of -Jamālu-d-dīn Injū, <a href="#pb404" class= -"pageref">404</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hūs͟hang, son of Islām K͟hān, -comes from Bengal, <a href="#pb269" class="pageref">269</a>;<br> -produces Maghs, <a href="#pb236" class="pageref">236</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb284" class="pageref">284</a>;<br> -styled Ikrām K͟hān, <a href="#pb295" class= -"pageref">295</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hūs͟hang G͟hūrī, Sultan of -Māndū, <a href="#pb365" class="pageref">365</a>, <a href= -"#pb408" class="pageref">408</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hydrophobia, death of two elephants from, <a href= -"#pb243" class="pageref">243</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb473" -href="#pb473" name="pb473">473</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">I</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><i>Ibachkiān</i>, <a href="#pb188" class= -"pageref">188</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ibrāhīm, S͟haik͟h, son of -Qut̤bu-d-dīn Koka, promoted and styled Kis͟hwar -K͟hān, <a href="#pb76" class="pageref">76</a>;<br> -governor of Rohtas, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a>;<br> -faujdār of Uch, <a href="#pb170" class="pageref">170</a>;<br> -joins army against ʿUs̤mān, <a href="#pb209" class= -"pageref">209</a>;<br> -killed in battle, <a href="#pb210" class="pageref">210</a>.<br> -<i>See also</i> Kis͟hwar K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">Ibrāhīm Bābā, S͟haik͟h, -the Afghan, confined in Chunar, <a href="#pb77" class= -"pageref">77</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ibrāhīm Ḥusain, Mīr Baḥr, -<i>bak͟hs͟hī</i> of ahadis, <a href="#pb149" class= -"pageref">149</a>;<br> -sent to ʿAzīz Koka, <a href="#pb257" class= -"pageref">257</a>–8.</p> -<p class="par">Ibrāhīm Ḥusain, Mīrzā, rebel, -<a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ibrāhīm K͟hān, promoted and made -joint-paymaster of household, <a href="#pb260" class= -"pageref">260</a>;<br> -his offering, <a href="#pb281" class="pageref">281</a>;<br> -sent to Behar, <a href="#pb284" class="pageref">284</a>;<br> -conquers Khokharā, <a href="#pb315" class="pageref">315</a>;<br> -sent to Bengal, <a href="#pb373" class="pageref">373</a>;<br> -sends diamonds, <a href="#pb379" class="pageref">379</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ibrāhīm K͟hān Kākar, <a href= -"#pb29" class="pageref">29</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Dilāwar K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">Ibrāhīm Lodī, Sult̤ān, son of -Sikandar Lodī, killed, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>, -<a href="#pb58" class="pageref">58</a>;<br> -tyranny of, <a href="#pb87" class="pageref">87</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Iftik͟hār K͟hān, father of -Muʿtaqid K͟hān, sends rare elephant, <a href="#pb170" -class="pageref">170</a>;<br> -promoted for good service in Bengal, <a href="#pb177" class= -"pageref">177</a>;<br> -joins army against ʿUs̤mān, <a href="#pb209" class= -"pageref">209</a>;<br> -killed in battle, <a href="#pb210" class="pageref">210</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ihtimām K͟hān (Kotwāl), sent to -bring Badīʿu-z-zamān to Court, <a href="#pb127" class= -"pageref">127</a>;<br> -promoted and appointed to the charge of the Bengal fleet, <a href= -"#pb144" class="pageref">144</a>;<br> -in expedition against ʿUs̤mān, <a href="#pb209" class= -"pageref">209</a>. According to the Iqbāl-nāma he had charge -of Mīr Ḥasan, son of S͟hāhruk͟h.</p> -<p class="par">Ik͟htiyāru-l-mulk, thrown from his horse and -killed, <a href="#pb44" class="pageref">44</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ikrām K͟hān, son of Islām -K͟hān, <a href="#pb433" class="pageref">433</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ilf K͟hān, promoted, <a href="#pb143" class= -"pageref">143</a>, <a href="#pb298" class="pageref">298</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Imām Qulī, ruler of Transoxiana, puts -Mīrzā Ḥusain, or at least the pretended Mīrzā -Ḥusain, to death, <a href="#pb127" class="pageref">127</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿInāyat Beg, mistake for -G͟hiyās̤ Beg, <a href="#pb22" class= -"pageref">22</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿInāyat K͟hān (text has -G͟hiyās̤), promoted, <a href="#pb158" class= -"pageref">158</a> and n. 1, <a href="#pb199" class= -"pageref">199</a>;<br> -made ʿInāyat K͟hān, <a href="#pb160" class= -"pageref">160</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Injū, <i>see</i> Jamālu-d-dīn -Ḥusain.</p> -<p class="par">Iqbāl-nāma quoted, <i>passim</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Irādat K͟hān, brother of Āṣaf -K͟hān (Jaʿfar), made <i>bak͟hs͟hī</i> of -Patna <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb474" href="#pb474" name= -"pb474">474</a>]</span>and Ḥājīpūr, <a href= -"#pb117" class="pageref">117</a><span class="corr" id="xd24e15312" -title="Source: ,">;</span><br> -promoted, <a href="#pb300" class="pageref">300</a>, <a href="#pb372" -class="pageref">372</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Īraj, eldest son of -K͟hānk͟hānān, dress of honour sent to, -<a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>;<br> -obtains leave from Parwīz, <a href="#pb180" class= -"pageref">180</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb190" class= -"pageref">190</a>;<br> -given jewelled dagger, <a href="#pb192" class="pageref">192</a>;<br> -styled S͟hāh-nawāz K͟hān, <a href="#pb197" -class="pageref">197</a>;<br> -given sword, <a href="#pb204" class="pageref">204</a>;<br> -sent again to Deccan, <a href="#pb221" class="pageref">221</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb222" class="pageref">222</a>;<br> -comes to Court, <a href="#pb234" class="pageref">234</a>;<br> -sent back to Deccan, <a href="#pb243" class="pageref">243</a>;<br> -offering of, <a href="#pb295" class="pageref">295</a>;<br> -defeats Malik ʿAmbar, <a href="#pb313" class="pageref">313</a>, -etc.</p> -<p class="par">Irvine, W., quoted, <a href="#pb22" class= -"pageref">22</a> n. 3, etc.</p> -<p class="par">ʿĪsā Tark͟hān, Mīrzā, -promoted, <a href="#pb225" class="pageref">225</a>, <a href="#pb296" -class="pageref">296</a>;<br> -came from Sambhal and honoured, <a href="#pb301" class= -"pageref">301</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Islām, K͟hān, original name -ʿAlāʾu-d-dīn, <a href="#pb31" class= -"pageref">31</a>;<br> -letters from, <a href="#pb113" class="pageref">113</a>, <a href= -"#pb199" class="pageref">199</a>;<br> -sword sent to, <a href="#pb117" class="pageref">117</a>, <a href= -"#pb248" class="pageref">248</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a>, <a href="#pb171" -class="pageref">171</a>;<br> -he and his brother Qāsim could not agree, <a href="#pb147" class= -"pageref">147</a>;<br> -presented with a lakh of rupees collected by him, <a href="#pb180" -class="pageref">180</a>;<br> -sent to Behar and to Bengal, in spite of objections about his youth, -<a href="#pb208" class="pageref">208</a>;<br> -made Dacca his headquarters, <a href="#pb209" class= -"pageref">209</a>;<br> -sends <a href="#pb160" class="pageref">160</a> elephants, <a href= -"#pb227" class="pageref">227</a>;<br> -sends the elephant Bansībadan, <a href="#pb237" class= -"pageref">237</a>;<br> -sends elephants and fifty eunuchs, <a href="#pb247" class= -"pageref">247</a>;<br> -made officer of 6,000, <a href="#pb256" class="pageref">256</a>;<br> -death and character, <a href="#pb257" class="pageref">257</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ismāʿīl, son of Muḥammad -G͟haus̤, <a href="#pb439" class="pageref">439</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Iʿtibār K͟hān, given Gwalior in -fief, <a href="#pb113" class="pageref">113</a>;<br> -offering of, <a href="#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>, <a href="#pb319" -class="pageref">319</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb372" class="pageref">372</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Iʿtimād K͟hān, of Gujarat, <a href= -"#pb429" class="pageref">429</a>, <a href="#pb430" class= -"pageref">430</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Iʿtimādu-d-daula, <a href="#pb22" class= -"pageref">22</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> G͟hiyās̤ Beg.</p> -<p class="par">Iʿtiqād K͟hān, title of -Āṣaf K͟hān, the father of Nūr-Jahān, and -the Āṣaf No. iv of Blochmann, <a href="#pb260" class= -"pageref">260</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Abū-l-ḥasan.</p> -<p class="par">Iʿtiqād K͟hān, a younger brother (?) -of Āṣaf No. iv, and also known as S͟hāpūr, -<a href="#pb218" class="pageref">218</a> n. 3;<br> -he became governor of Kashmir, <a href="#pb319" class= -"pageref">319</a>;<br> -his presents, <a href="#pb319" class="pageref">319</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb320" class="pageref">320</a>;<br> -censured for allowing prisoners to escape, <a href="#pb373" class= -"pageref">373</a>.<br> -(For this Iʿtiqād <i>see</i> Maas̤iru-l-Umarā, i, -<a href="#pb180" class="pageref">180</a>.)</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">J</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Jadrūp, Sanyāsī, <a href="#pb355" -class="pageref">355</a>, <a href="#pb359" class="pageref">359</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jagannāth, Raja, son of Bihārī Mal, -dress, etc., presented to, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb475" href="#pb475" name= -"pb475">475</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Jagat Gosāʾīn (Jodh Bāī) -daughter of Mota Raja, mother of Sult̤ān K͟hurram, that -is S͟hāh Jahān, <a href="#pb19" class= -"pageref">19</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jagat Singh, eldest son of Mān Singh, marriage-gift -of 8,000 rupees sent to, on the marriage of his daughter to -Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a>;<br> -father of Mahā Singh, <a href="#pb266" class= -"pageref">266</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jagat Singh, grandson of Rānā Amar, <a href= -"#pb296" class="pageref">296</a>, <a href="#pb311" class= -"pageref">311</a>, <a href="#pb334" class="pageref">334</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jagdalak, Afghanistan, <a href="#pb104" class= -"pageref">104</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jagman, Rāja (of Dhandhera, Akbar-nāma, -trans., ii, <a href="#pb354" class="pageref">354</a>);<br> -his jagir given to Mahābat K͟hān, <a href="#pb241" -class="pageref">241</a><span class="corr" id="xd24e15629" title= -"Not in source">.</span></p> -<p class="par">Jahān-ārā, garden at Kabul made by -Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb106" class="pageref">106</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jahāndār, younger son of Jahāngīr, -<a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>;<br> -Islām K͟hān made his tutor, <a href="#pb143" class= -"pageref">143</a>;<br> -examined by Jahāngīr and found to be a born devotee (?), -<a href="#pb156" class="pageref">156</a>. (He died unmarried. -Apparently he is the Sultan Tak͟ht of Terry.)</p> -<p class="par">Jahāngīr, his accession, <a href="#pb1" class= -"pageref">1</a> and note;<br> -birth, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>, <a href="#pb9" class= -"pageref">9</a> and n. 1;<br> -named Sult̤ān Salīm, <a href="#pb2" class= -"pageref">2</a>;<br> -always called by Akbar S͟haik͟hū Bābā, -<a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>;<br> -assumes title of Jahāngīr and Nūru-d-dīn, <a href= -"#pb3" class="pageref">3</a>;<br> -fondness for mangoes, <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>;<br> -Chain of Justice, <a href="#pb7" class="pageref">7</a>;<br> -establishes twelve Regulations, <a href="#pb7" class= -"pageref">7</a>–10;<br> -drinking habits, <a href="#pb8" class="pageref">8</a>;<br> -forbids mutilations and slaughter of beasts on birthday, etc., <a href= -"#pb9" class="pageref">9</a>;<br> -coinage of, <a href="#pb10" class="pageref">10</a>–12;<br> -releases State prisoners, <a href="#pb10" class="pageref">10</a> and n. -2;<br> -eldest child, Sult̤ānu-n-nisā, <a href="#pb15" class= -"pageref">15</a> and n. 1;<br> -K͟husrau, <a href="#pb15" class="pageref">15</a> and n. 1;<br> -his son Parwīz, <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>;<br> -other children, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a>;<br> -abstains from wine on Friday eves, <a href="#pb20" class= -"pageref">20</a>;<br> -orders names of God to be collected, <a href="#pb21" class= -"pageref">21</a>;<br> -reads with ʿAbdu-n-Nabī, <a href="#pb22" class= -"pageref">22</a>;<br> -orders about grants of land and about seals, <a href="#pb23" class= -"pageref">23</a>;<br> -favours Mīrzā Sult̤ān, son of Mīrzā -S͟hāhruk͟h, <a href="#pb24" class="pageref">24</a>;<br> -causes <span class="corr" id="xd24e15769" title= -"Source: Abūl-l-faẓl">Abū-l-faẓl</span> to be -murdered, <a href="#pb24" class="pageref">24</a>–5;<br> -S͟haik͟h Bāyazīd’s mother his nurse for one -day, <a href="#pb32" class="pageref">32</a>;<br> -his sisters, <a href="#pb36" class="pageref">36</a>;<br> -abolishes fees on presents, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>;<br> -excuses nobles from making gifts, <a href="#pb49" class= -"pageref">49</a>;<br> -abolishes transit dues, <a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>;<br> -celebrates New Year, <a href="#pb48" class="pageref">48</a>;<br> -told of flight of K͟husrau, <a href="#pb52" class= -"pageref">52</a>;<br> -pursues him next <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb476" href="#pb476" -name="pb476">476</a>]</span>morning, <a href="#pb53" class= -"pageref">53</a>;<br> -account of Divine Faith, <a href="#pb60" class= -"pageref">60</a>–1;<br> -advantage of acting on his own judgment, <a href="#pb68" class= -"pageref">68</a>;<br> -establishes free eating-houses, <a href="#pb75" class= -"pageref">75</a>;<br> -meets his mother, <a href="#pb76" class="pageref">76</a>;<br> -solar weighment, <a href="#pb77" class="pageref">77</a>;<br> -hunting, details of, <a href="#pb83" class="pageref">83</a>;<br> -resolves to take Transoxiana, <a href="#pb89" class= -"pageref">89</a>;<br> -marches towards Kabul, <a href="#pb90" class="pageref">90</a>;<br> -monument to antelope, <a href="#pb90" class="pageref">90</a>;<br> -march through Ghakkar country, <a href="#pb96" class= -"pageref">96</a>;<br> -encamps at Alī Masjid, and traverses Khyber, <a href="#pb102" -class="pageref">102</a>;<br> -has an elephant carved in stone, <a href="#pb103" class= -"pageref">103</a>;<br> -describes stages to Kabul, <a href="#pb104" class= -"pageref">104</a>–5;<br> -enters Kabul city, <a href="#pb105" class="pageref">105</a>;<br> -visits gardens, <a href="#pb106" class="pageref">106</a>;<br> -makes Jahān-ārā garden, <a href="#pb106" class= -"pageref">106</a>;<br> -records abolition of customs, <a href="#pb107" class= -"pageref">107</a>;<br> -visits Bābar’s seat, <a href="#pb108" class= -"pageref">108</a>;<br> -engraves name there, <a href="#pb109" class="pageref">109</a>;<br> -knows Turkī and adds to Bābar’s Memoirs, <a href= -"#pb109" class="pageref">109</a>, <a href="#pb110" class= -"pageref">110</a> and note;<br> -visits Bābar’s tomb, <a href="#pb110" class= -"pageref">110</a>;<br> -lunar weighment, <a href="#pb111" class="pageref">111</a>;<br> -visits K͟hurram (S͟hāh-Jahān) in -Ūrta-Bāgh, <a href="#pb115" class="pageref">115</a>;<br> -arranges to leave Kabul, <a href="#pb116" class="pageref">116</a>;<br> -large spider, <a href="#pb117" class="pageref">117</a>;<br> -visits Bābar’s throne-place, <a href="#pb121" class= -"pageref">121</a>;<br> -K͟husrau’s plot, <a href="#pb122" class= -"pageref">122</a>;<br> -solar weighment, <a href="#pb125" class="pageref">125</a>;<br> -sends for names of God, <a href="#pb129" class="pageref">129</a>;<br> -saw mother at Dil-āmīz Garden, near Lahore, <a href="#pb131" -class="pageref">131</a>;<br> -asks Jagat Singh’s daughter in marriage, <a href="#pb144" class= -"pageref">144</a>;<br> -marries her, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a>;<br> -aunt’s death, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a>;<br> -lunar weighment, <a href="#pb146" class="pageref">146</a>;<br> -visits father’s tomb and account of building there, <a href= -"#pb152" class="pageref">152</a>;<br> -character of son Jahāndār, <a href="#pb156" class= -"pageref">156</a>;<br> -composes ode, <a href="#pb158" class="pageref">158</a>;<br> -marries Rām Chand Bandīlah’s daughter, <a href="#pb160" -class="pageref">160</a>;<br> -cruelty to servants, <a href="#pb164" class="pageref">164</a>;<br> -game-bag, <a href="#pb167" class="pageref">167</a>;<br> -orders about eunuchs, <a href="#pb150" class="pageref">150</a>, -<a href="#pb168" class="pageref">168</a>;<br> -black-stone throne, <a href="#pb177" class="pageref">177</a>;<br> -about damage to crops, <a href="#pb163" class="pageref">163</a>, -<a href="#pb182" class="pageref">182</a>;<br> -does not shoot or eat meat on Sundays and Thursdays, <a href="#pb184" -class="pageref">184</a>;<br> -dangerous tiger hunt, <a href="#pb185" class= -"pageref">185</a>–7;<br> -does not eat fish which have no scales, <a href="#pb188" class= -"pageref">188</a>;<br> -fishing, <a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a>;<br> -hunting, <a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a>;<br> -game-bag, <a href="#pb191" class="pageref">191</a>;<br> -order to lamplighters, <a href="#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>;<br> -relieves Mīr-i-ʿAdl and Qāẓī from ceremony of -prostration, <a href="#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>;<br> -prohibits certain practices of Amirs, <a href="#pb205" class= -"pageref">205</a>;<br> -illness, <a href="#pb226" class="pageref">226</a>;<br> -composes a couplet, <a href="#pb228" class="pageref">228</a>;<br> -experiment on fowl, <a href="#pb238" class="pageref">238</a>;<br> -gives money <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb477" href="#pb477" name= -"pb477">477</a>]</span>to S͟haik͟h Pīr for a mosque, -<a href="#pb241" class="pageref">241</a>;<br> -walked <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a> miles to Ajmir, <a href= -"#pb253" class="pageref">253</a>;<br> -visits Pushkar lake, <a href="#pb254" class="pageref">254</a>;<br> -caldron for Ajmir shrine, <a href="#pb256" class="pageref">256</a>;<br> -shooting at Pushkar, <a href="#pb264" class="pageref">264</a>;<br> -illness, <a href="#pb266" class="pageref">266</a>;<br> -bores his ears, <a href="#pb267" class="pageref">267</a>;<br> -Akbar appears to him in a dream, <a href="#pb269" class= -"pageref">269</a>;<br> -visits Ḥāfiz̤ Jamāl, <a href="#pb269" class= -"pageref">269</a>;<br> -Akbar’s fondness for fruit, <a href="#pb270" class= -"pageref">270</a>;<br> -<i>Jahāngīrī ʿit̤r</i>, <a href="#pb270" -class="pageref">270</a>;<br> -description of strange bird, <a href="#pb272" class= -"pageref">272</a>;<br> -sends Rānā farman bearing impression of his fingers, <a href= -"#pb273" class="pageref">273</a> and note, <a href="#pb274" class= -"pageref">274</a>;<br> -receives Sult̤ān K͟hurram, <a href="#pb277" class= -"pageref">277</a>;<br> -gifts to dervishes, <a href="#pb279" class="pageref">279</a>;<br> -resolves to go to Deccan, <a href="#pb280" class="pageref">280</a>;<br> -gives name of Dārā S͟hukūh to Sult̤ān -K͟hurram’s son, <a href="#pb282" class= -"pageref">282</a>;<br> -receives S͟hāh Jahān’s offerings, <a href="#pb285" -class="pageref">285</a>–6;<br> -shows his skill to Kunwar Karan, <a href="#pb286" class= -"pageref">286</a>–7;<br> -visits Ajmir shrine, <a href="#pb297" class="pageref">297</a>;<br> -lights up Ānā Sāgar, <a href="#pb298" class= -"pageref">298</a>;<br> -drinking habits, <a href="#pb307" class="pageref">307</a>;<br> -visits Iʿtimādu-d-daulah, <a href="#pb318" class= -"pageref">318</a>;<br> -ruby and pearls, <a href="#pb322" class="pageref">322</a>;<br> -account of Abyssinian elephant, <a href="#pb323" class= -"pageref">323</a>;<br> -married when prince a daughter of Rāwal Bhīm, <a href= -"#pb325" class="pageref">325</a>;<br> -death of granddaughter, <a href="#pb326" class="pageref">326</a>;<br> -his grief and order that Wednesday be called Kam-s͟hamba, <a href= -"#pb327" class="pageref">327</a>;<br> -birth of grandson, S͟hāh S͟hajāʿat, <a href= -"#pb328" class="pageref">328</a>;<br> -puts railing round Muʿīnu-d-dīn’s tomb, <a href= -"#pb329" class="pageref">329</a>;<br> -recalls Parwīz, <a href="#pb329" class="pageref">329</a>;<br> -describes outbreak of plague, <a href="#pb330" class= -"pageref">330</a>;<br> -has marble statues made of Rānā and his son, <a href="#pb332" -class="pageref">332</a>;<br> -is weighed, <a href="#pb332" class="pageref">332</a>;<br> -wrestler’s performances, <a href="#pb335" class= -"pageref">335</a>;<br> -conversation about death of Ṣafī Mīrzā, <a href= -"#pb338" class="pageref">338</a>;<br> -anecdote about a thief, <a href="#pb339" class="pageref">339</a>;<br> -rides in an English (?) carriage, <a href="#pb340" class= -"pageref">340</a>;<br> -leaves Ajmir, <a href="#pb340" class="pageref">340</a>;<br> -account of what he did there, <a href="#pb341" class= -"pageref">341</a>;<br> -at Rāmsar, <a href="#pb342" class="pageref">342</a>;<br> -account of <i>sāras</i> birds, <a href="#pb343" class= -"pageref">343</a>;<br> -hunting, <a href="#pb344" class="pageref">344</a>;<br> -Nūr-Jahān shoots a bird, <a href="#pb348" class= -"pageref">348</a>;<br> -Persian melons, <a href="#pb350" class="pageref">350</a>;<br> -honours Iʿtimādu-d-daulah by allowing ladies to unveil before -him, <a href="#pb351" class="pageref">351</a>;<br> -large banyan-tree, <a href="#pb351" class="pageref">351</a>;<br> -account of four-horned antelope, <a href="#pb352" class= -"pageref">352</a>;<br> -executes a matricide, <a href="#pb353" class="pageref">353</a>;<br> -large tamarind-tree, <a href="#pb353" class="pageref">353</a>;<br> -visits Ujjain, <a href="#pb359" class="pageref">359</a>;<br> -large banyan, <a href="#pb360" class="pageref">360</a>;<br> -renamed Sāngor Kamālpūr, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb478" href="#pb478" name="pb478">478</a>]</span>361;<br> -tiger-shooting, <a href="#pb363" class="pageref">363</a>;<br> -arrives at Māndū, <a href="#pb363" class= -"pageref">363</a>;<br> -legend about Māndū, <a href="#pb364" class= -"pageref">364</a>;<br> -game-bag, <a href="#pb369" class="pageref">369</a>;<br> -remits offerings by servants, <a href="#pb370" class= -"pageref">370</a>;<br> -shoots lion, <a href="#pb371" class="pageref">371</a>;<br> -executes captain of the guard, <a href="#pb373" class= -"pageref">373</a>;<br> -sends cup to S͟hāh ʿAbbās, <a href="#pb374" class= -"pageref">374</a>;<br> -shoots tiger, <a href="#pb374" class="pageref">374</a>;<br> -takes his turban off and gives it to G͟hiyās̤ Beg, -<a href="#pb378" class="pageref">378</a>;<br> -prays for rain, <a href="#pb378" class="pageref">378</a>;<br> -takes omen from Ḥafiz̤, <a href="#pb381" class= -"pageref">381</a>;<br> -visits Haft Manz̤ar in Māndū, <a href="#pb381" class= -"pageref">381</a>;<br> -visits buildings, <a href="#pb384" class="pageref">384</a>;<br> -invents <i>nādirī</i> dress, <a href="#pb384" class= -"pageref">384</a>;<br> -gives feast, <a href="#pb385" class="pageref">385</a>;<br> -styles Thursday Mubārak-s͟hamba, <a href="#pb386" class= -"pageref">386</a>;<br> -wild plantain, <a href="#pb386" class="pageref">386</a>;<br> -carrier-pigeons, <a href="#pb387" class="pageref">387</a>;<br> -receives pomegranates from Mecca, <a href="#pb391" class= -"pageref">391</a>;<br> -receives S͟hāh Jahān, and honours him, <a href="#pb393" -class="pageref">393</a>–5;<br> -opinion about bananas (plantains), <a href="#pb397" class= -"pageref">397</a>;<br> -receives S͟hāh Jahān’s gifts, <a href="#pb399" -class="pageref">399</a>–401;<br> -goes to Gujarat, <a href="#pb401" class="pageref">401</a>;<br> -seedless grapes, <a href="#pb404" class="pageref">404</a>;<br> -hunting and good shot, <a href="#pb404" class="pageref">404</a>;<br> -at Dhār, <a href="#pb406" class="pageref">406</a>–7;<br> -orders removal of iron column, <a href="#pb407" class= -"pageref">407</a>;<br> -prescribes lukewarm water for elephants, <a href="#pb410" class= -"pageref">410</a>;<br> -describes lotus, <a href="#pb412" class="pageref">412</a>;<br> -liking for <i>rohū</i> fish, <a href="#pb414" class= -"pageref">414</a>;<br> -at Cambay, <a href="#pb415" class="pageref">415</a>;<br> -on board a <i>g͟hurāb</i>, <a href="#pb417" class= -"pageref">417</a>;<br> -strikes new coins, <a href="#pb418" class="pageref">418</a>;<br> -leaves Cambay, <a href="#pb419" class="pageref">419</a>;<br> -describes Gujarat fish and vegetables, <a href="#pb419" class= -"pageref">419</a>;<br> -fishes, <a href="#pb436" class="pageref">436</a>;<br> -expels Sewras, <a href="#pb438" class="pageref">438</a>;<br> -bestows books on Gujarat S͟haik͟hs, <a href="#pb439" class= -"pageref">439</a>;<br> -charities, <a href="#pb440" class="pageref">440</a>;<br> -at Doḥad, <a href="#pb445" class="pageref">445</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jahāngīr Qulī Beg, Turkmān, also -called Jān-sipār K͟hān, <a href="#pb398" class= -"pageref">398</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān, eldest son -of ʿAzīz Koka, gets title of S͟hamsu-d-dīn, -<a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a>;<br> -sent to Gujarat as father’s deputy, <a href="#pb153" class= -"pageref">153</a>;<br> -sends jewels, <a href="#pb163" class="pageref">163</a>;<br> -sends silver throne, <a href="#pb168" class="pageref">168</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb279" class="pageref">279</a>, <a href="#pb280" -class="pageref">280</a>;<br> -offering of, <a href="#pb283" class="pageref">283</a>;<br> -goes to Allahabad, <a href="#pb289" class="pageref">289</a>, <a href= -"#pb302" class="pageref">302</a>;<br> -sent to Behar, <a href="#pb373" class="pageref">373</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Jahāngīrī ʿit̤r</i> (otto of -roses), <a href="#pb270" class="pageref">270</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jahāngīrpūr, hunting-box, <a href="#pb90" -class="pageref">90</a>–1. (The Shakhopura of the maps; it is also -called Jahāngīrābād; it is west of Lahore.)</p> -<p class="par"><i>Jāʾi-namāz</i> (prayer carpets), -<a href="#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jaitpūr, zamindar of, <a href="#pb389" class= -"pageref">389</a>;<br> -pardoned, <a href="#pb391" class="pageref">391</a>;<br> -comes to Court, <a href="#pb403" class="pageref">403</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Jāla</i> (a raft), described, <a href="#pb101" -class="pageref">101</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jalāl Gakkhar, <a href="#pb130" class= -"pageref">130</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jalālābād mentioned, <a href="#pb125" -class="pageref">125</a>, <a href="#pb176" class="pageref">176</a>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb479" href="#pb479" name= -"pb479">479</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Jalālu-d-dīn Masʿūd, death of, and -his mother’s devotion, <a href="#pb141" class= -"pageref">141</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jalālu-d-dīn Muhammad, <i>see</i> Akbar.</p> -<p class="par">Jalālu-d-dīn, Muz̤affar Ḥakīm, -<a href="#pb79" class="pageref">79</a>;<br> -death and account of, <a href="#pb123" class="pageref">123</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jālnāpur, S͟hāh Murād’s -death at, <a href="#pb34" class="pageref">34</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jām, the, zamindar, <a href="#pb443" class= -"pageref">443</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jamālu-d-dīn Ḥusain Anjū (or -Injū), author of dictionary, rewarded, <a href="#pb46" class= -"pageref">46</a>, <a href="#pb58" class="pageref">58</a>;<br> -sent to advise K͟husrau, <a href="#pb64" class= -"pageref">64</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb160" class= -"pageref">160</a>–1;<br> -ʿĀdil K͟hān asks for, <a href="#pb176" class= -"pageref">176</a>;<br> -received at Bijapur, <a href="#pb182" class="pageref">182</a>;<br> -report by, <a href="#pb272" class="pageref">272</a>;<br> -arrives from Bijapur, <a href="#pb298" class="pageref">298</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb299" class="pageref">299</a>, <a href="#pb300" -class="pageref">300</a>;<br> -offering of, <a href="#pb317" class="pageref">317</a>;<br> -styled ʿAẓudu-d-daulah, <a href="#pb320" class= -"pageref">320</a>;<br> -his son, <a href="#pb404" class="pageref">404</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jamīl Beg gets 7,000 rupees to distribute among the -cavalry, <a href="#pb61" class="pageref">61</a> (apparently the -Wazīr Jamīl of p. <a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a> of -text).</p> -<p class="par">Jān Beg (or K͟hān Beg), -Wazīru-l-mulk, <a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a> and n. -3;<br> -hears of flight of K͟husrau, <a href="#pb52" class= -"pageref">52</a>, <a href="#pb57" class="pageref">57</a>;<br> -death of, <a href="#pb136" class="pageref">136</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jānī, Mīrzā, account of, <a href= -"#pb223" class="pageref">223</a>;<br> -death at Burhanpur, <a href="#pb223" class="pageref">223</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jarric, Du, quoted, <a href="#pb28" class= -"pageref">28</a> n. 2, <a href="#pb52" class="pageref">52</a> n. 1, -<a href="#pb69" class="pageref">69</a> n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Jay Singh, son of Mahā Singh, <a href="#pb386" -class="pageref">386</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb389" class="pageref">389</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jay Singh Deo, Raja, <a href="#pb364" class= -"pageref">364</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jeddah, customs at, <a href="#pb417" class= -"pageref">417</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jesus, carving of, on a filbert, <a href="#pb201" class= -"pageref">201</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Jharokha</i> (exhibition window), <a href="#pb205" -class="pageref">205</a>, <a href="#pb242" class="pageref">242</a>, -<a href="#pb266" class="pageref">266</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Jhīngā</i>, insect (?), <a href="#pb315" -class="pageref">315</a> and n. 2.</p> -<p class="par">Jījī Angā, mother of ʿAzīz -Koka, <a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Jilaudār</i> cruelly put to death, <a href= -"#pb164" class="pageref">164</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Jilawāna</i> (bridle-money), perquisite of, -abolished, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a> and n. 3.</p> -<p class="par">Jitmal shot by Akbar at Chitor, <a href="#pb45" class= -"pageref">45</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jogī and tiger, strange story, <a href="#pb157" -class="pageref">157</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jogī near Pushkar, <a href="#pb254" class= -"pageref">254</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jugglers, <a href="#pb143" class="pageref">143</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jumna River, source of, <a href="#pb4" class= -"pageref">4</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jumping competition, <a href="#pb105" class= -"pageref">105</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Jūtra, a mistake for K͟huzistan (<i>see</i> -Addenda), <a href="#pb158" class="pageref">158</a> n. 3, <a href= -"#pb162" class="pageref">162</a> note.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">K</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Kabīr, S͟haik͟h, of -S͟haik͟h Salīm’s family, <a href="#pb29" class= -"pageref">29</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> S͟hajāʿat.</p> -<p class="par">Kabul, Jahāngīr visits, <a href="#pb105" -class="pageref">105</a>;<br> -fruits, <a href="#pb116" class="pageref">116</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Kahārs</i> (bearers) hamstrung, <a href="#pb164" -class="pageref">164</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb480" href= -"#pb480" name="pb480">480</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Kalind, hill, source of the Jumna, <a href="#pb4" class= -"pageref">4</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kāliyādaha, description of, <a href="#pb354" -class="pageref">354</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kalyān, son of Rāja Bikramājīt, i.e. -Patr Dās, misconduct and punishment, <a href="#pb104" class= -"pageref">104</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kalyān, Rāja, official of Bengal, offering of, -<a href="#pb192" class="pageref">192</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb199" class="pageref">199</a>;<br> -governor of Orissa, <a href="#pb202" class="pageref">202</a>;<br> -promoted and made Rāja, <a href="#pb326" class= -"pageref">326</a>;<br> -inquiry about, <a href="#pb389" class="pageref">389</a>;<br> -pronounced innocent, <a href="#pb390" class="pageref">390</a>, <a href= -"#pb402" class="pageref">402</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kalyān, Rāja, of Īdar, <a href="#pb427" -class="pageref">427</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kalyān Rāy, superintendent of port, Cambay, -<a href="#pb417" class="pageref">417</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kāma, river, <a href="#pb101" class= -"pageref">101</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kamāl Chaudharī, <a href="#pb67" class= -"pageref">67</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kamāl K͟hān, slave, died, <a href= -"#pb149" class="pageref">149</a>, <a href="#pb150" class= -"pageref">150</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kamāl, <i>qarāwul</i> (huntsman) at -tiger-hunt, <a href="#pb186" class="pageref">186</a>;<br> -styled S͟hikār K͟hān, <a href="#pb409" class= -"pageref">409</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kamāl, Sayyid, failed to stop K͟husrau, -<a href="#pb59" class="pageref">59</a>;<br> -distinguished himself in battle, <a href="#pb60" class= -"pageref">60</a>, <a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kamālu-d-dīn Yādgār ʿAlī, -Persian ambassador, <a href="#pb196" class="pageref">196</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kāmil K͟hān, title of K͟hurram, son -of ʿAzīz Koka, <a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kāmrān’s garden, Lahore, <a href="#pb68" -class="pageref">68</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kānkriya tank, Aḥmadābād, <a href= -"#pb420" class="pageref">420</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Karam Chand, son of Jagannāth, promoted, <a href= -"#pb156" class="pageref">156</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Karam Sen Rāṭhor, promoted, <a href="#pb291" -class="pageref">291</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Karamsī, wife of Jahāngīr, mother of -Bihār Bānū Begam, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a> -and n. 3.</p> -<p class="par">Karan, son of Rānā Amar Singh, <a href="#pb26" -class="pageref">26</a>, <a href="#pb273" class="pageref">273</a>;<br> -waits on S͟hāh Jahān, <a href="#pb276" class= -"pageref">276</a> (cf. Roe), <a href="#pb277" class= -"pageref">277</a>–8;<br> -Jahāngīr exhibits his skill to, <a href="#pb286" class= -"pageref">286</a>–7;<br> -receives present of 50,000 rupees, <a href="#pb287" class= -"pageref">287</a>;<br> -gifts to, <a href="#pb289" class="pageref">289</a>;<br> -gets leave, <a href="#pb293" class="pageref">293</a>;<br> -returns, <a href="#pb317" class="pageref">317</a>;<br> -statue of, <a href="#pb332" class="pageref">332</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kārīz, near Herat, melons of, <a href="#pb270" -class="pageref">270</a>, <a href="#pb422" class="pageref">422</a>, -<a href="#pb435" class="pageref">435</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kashmir, account of, <a href="#pb94" class= -"pageref">94</a>, <a href="#pb96" class="pageref">96</a>;<br> -strange births at, <a href="#pb406" class="pageref">406</a>;<br> -plague in, <a href="#pb442" class="pageref">442</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kaukab, son of Qamar K͟hān, whipped and -imprisoned, <a href="#pb171" class="pageref">171</a>;<br> -escapes and is recaptured, <a href="#pb440" class= -"pageref">440</a>;<br> -account of, <a href="#pb440" class="pageref">440</a>–2.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Kaukab-i-t̤āliʿ</i>, silver coin, -<a href="#pb11" class="pageref">11</a>;<br> -large coin (though called a <i>muhr</i>, it probably was silver) given -to Persian ambassador, <a href="#pb237" class="pageref">237</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Keoṛā</i>, flower (<i>Pandanus</i>), -<a href="#pb6" class="pageref">6</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kes͟ho Dās, son of Rāy Kalah, <a href= -"#pb181" class="pageref">181</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb481" -href="#pb481" name="pb481">481</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Kes͟ho Dās Mārū, <a href="#pb19" -class="pageref">19</a> n. 3;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>, <a href="#pb79" -class="pageref">79</a>, <a href="#pb296" class="pageref">296</a>, -<a href="#pb297" class="pageref">297</a>, <a href="#pb390" class= -"pageref">390</a>, <a href="#pb410" class="pageref">410</a>;<br> -horse sent to Bengal for, <a href="#pb170" class="pageref">170</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Ketkī</i>, flower (<i>Pandanus</i>), <a href= -"#pb6" class="pageref">6</a> and n. 4.</p> -<p class="par">K͟halīlu-llah, son of -G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn, pays his respects, <a href= -"#pb131" class="pageref">131</a>;<br> -account of, <a href="#pb131" class="pageref">131</a>;<br> -death of, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a>, <a href="#pb305" -class="pageref">305</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hān ʿĀlam, title of -Bark͟hūrdār, son of ʿAbdu-r-Raḥmān, -<a href="#pb154" class="pageref">154</a>;<br> -appointed ambassador to Persia, <a href="#pb248" class= -"pageref">248</a>;<br> -S͟hāh ʿAbbās allows him to smoke, <a href="#pb371" -class="pageref">371</a>;<br> -sends melons, <a href="#pb435" class="pageref">435</a>.<br> -<i>See also</i> Bark͟hūrdār.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hān Aʿz̤am, <i>see</i> -ʿAzīz Koka.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hān Daurān, <i>see</i> S͟hāh -Beg.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hān Jahān Lodī, original name -Pīr K͟hān, received title of Ṣalābat -K͟hān, <a href="#pb87" class="pageref">87</a>;<br> -character of, <a href="#pb89" class="pageref">89</a>;<br> -given title of K͟hān Jahān, <a href="#pb128" class= -"pageref">128</a>;<br> -skill as shot, <a href="#pb129" class="pageref">129</a>;<br> -raised to rank of 5,000, <a href="#pb139" class="pageref">139</a>;<br> -offers to go to Deccan, <a href="#pb161" class="pageref">161</a>;<br> -sent for, <a href="#pb296" class="pageref">296</a>;<br> -takes leave, <a href="#pb299" class="pageref">299</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb372" class="pageref">372</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>K͟hānī</i>, value of coin, <a href= -"#pb96" class="pageref">96</a> and n. 2.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hānjar K͟hān, brother of -ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān Fīrūz Jang, promoted, -<a href="#pb163" class="pageref">163</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hānjar K͟hān, title of -Ṣāliḥ, <a href="#pb230" class="pageref">230</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hānK͟hānān, <i>see</i> -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm.</p> -<p class="par">Khar, village, <a href="#pb98" class="pageref">98</a> -and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Kharatara, Sewra sect, <a href="#pb437" class= -"pageref">437</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hawāṣṣ K͟hān, -jagirdār of Qanauj, death of, <a href="#pb328" class= -"pageref">328</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hiẓr K͟hān, late ruler of -K͟hāndesh, presents to, <a href="#pb76" class= -"pageref">76</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hiẓrābād, apparent source of -Jumna, <a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>, <a href="#pb134" class= -"pageref">134</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hūb-Allah, son of S͟hāh-bāz -Kambū, promoted, <a href="#pb325" class="pageref">325</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Khūn-pāra</i> (congestion of blood), -<a href="#pb226" class="pageref">226</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hūrdā conquered, <a href="#pb433" -class="pageref">433</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hurram, Bābā, name of S͟hāh -Jahān, birth of, <a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a>;<br> -brought up by Ruqayya Begam, <a href="#pb48" class= -"pageref">48</a>;<br> -rank of 8,000, <a href="#pb87" class="pageref">87</a>;<br> -lunar weighment in Ūrta garden, <a href="#pb115" class= -"pageref">115</a>;<br> -reveals K͟husrau’s plot, <a href="#pb123" class= -"pageref">123</a>;<br> -given fief, <a href="#pb132" class="pageref">132</a>;<br> -jewels given to, <a href="#pb156" class="pageref">156</a>;<br> -marriage present of 50,000 rupees sent to house of Muz̤affar -Ḥusain Mīrzā, whose daughter was engaged to -K͟hurram, <a href="#pb159" class="pageref">159</a>;<br> -marriage took place, <a href="#pb180" class="pageref">180</a>;<br> -his rank increased from 8,000 to 10,000, <a href="#pb192" class= -"pageref">192</a>;<br> -helps Anūp Rāy with tiger, <a href="#pb186" class= -"pageref">186</a>;<br> -rank increased <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb482" href="#pb482" name= -"pb482">482</a>]</span>from 10,000 to 12,000, <a href="#pb217" class= -"pageref">217</a>;<br> -his marriage with Iʿtiqād’s daughter Arjumand -Bānū (Mumtāz-maḥall), <a href="#pb224" class= -"pageref">224</a> and n. 2;<br> -makes New Year’s offering, <a href="#pb236" class= -"pageref">236</a>;<br> -sent to visit Akbar’s tomb on anniversary, <a href="#pb247" -class="pageref">247</a>;<br> -sent against the Rānā, <a href="#pb256" class= -"pageref">256</a>, <a href="#pb258" class="pageref">258</a>, <a href= -"#pb259" class="pageref">259</a>, <a href="#pb260" class= -"pageref">260</a>, <a href="#pb265" class="pageref">265</a>;<br> -his success, <a href="#pb273" class="pageref">273</a>, <a href="#pb276" -class="pageref">276</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb277" class= -"pageref">277</a>;<br> -birth of son (Dārā), <a href="#pb282" class= -"pageref">282</a>;<br> -presents rare ruby, <a href="#pb285" class="pageref">285</a>;<br> -promoted to equal rank with Parwīz, <a href="#pb288" class= -"pageref">288</a>;<br> -his weighment, <a href="#pb306" class="pageref">306</a>;<br> -tastes wine, <a href="#pb306" class="pageref">306</a>;<br> -increase of rank, <a href="#pb320" class="pageref">320</a>;<br> -leaves for Deccan, <a href="#pb337" class="pageref">337</a>;<br> -gets title of S͟hāh Sult̤ān K͟hurram, <a href= -"#pb338" class="pageref">338</a>;<br> -enters Burhanpur, <a href="#pb368" class="pageref">368</a>;<br> -given a dress, <a href="#pb377" class="pageref">377</a>;<br> -birth of daughter (Rūs͟hanārā), <a href="#pb389" -class="pageref">389</a>;<br> -his reception, <a href="#pb393" class="pageref">393</a>–4;<br> -increased rank, <a href="#pb395" class="pageref">395</a>;<br> -gives ruby, etc., to Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb399" class= -"pageref">399</a>;<br> -his weighment, <a href="#pb424" class="pageref">424</a>;<br> -presents fruit, <a href="#pb439" class="pageref">439</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hurram, son of ʿAzīz Koka, promoted -from 2,000 to 2,500, <a href="#pb23" class="pageref">23</a>;<br> -appointed governor of Sorath or Jūnagadh, <a href="#pb155" class= -"pageref">155</a>;<br> -gets title of Kāmal K͟hān, <a href="#pb188" class= -"pageref">188</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hūs͟h-k͟habar K͟hān, -title given to S͟hamsī, <a href="#pb64" class= -"pageref">64</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟husrau, Sult̤ān, eldest son of -Jahāngīr, given a lakh of rupees, <a href="#pb12" class= -"pageref">12</a>;<br> -his flight, <a href="#pb51" class="pageref">51</a>;<br> -cause of mother’s suicide, <a href="#pb55" class= -"pageref">55</a>, <a href="#pb58" class="pageref">58</a>, <a href= -"#pb59" class="pageref">59</a>;<br> -attendants seized, <a href="#pb61" class="pageref">61</a>;<br> -attacks Lahore, <a href="#pb62" class="pageref">62</a>;<br> -defeated, <a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>;<br> -captured, <a href="#pb66" class="pageref">66</a>, <a href="#pb67" -class="pageref">67</a>;<br> -brought before Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb68" class= -"pageref">68</a>, <a href="#pb70" class="pageref">70</a>, <a href= -"#pb72" class="pageref">72</a>;<br> -chains removed, <a href="#pb111" class="pageref">111</a>;<br> -his plot, <a href="#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>, <a href="#pb130" -class="pageref">130</a>;<br> -his daughter inspected by Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb149" class= -"pageref">149</a>;<br> -son born to him by daughter of ʿAzīz Koka and called by -Jahāngīr Buland-ak͟htar, <a href="#pb153" class= -"pageref">153</a>;<br> -personated by one Qut̤b, <a href="#pb173" class= -"pageref">173</a>;<br> -note about blinding, <a href="#pb174" class="pageref">174</a> n. 1, -<a href="#pb222" class="pageref">222</a>;<br> -allowed to pay his respects, <a href="#pb252" class= -"pageref">252</a>;<br> -forbidden to do so, <a href="#pb261" class="pageref">261</a>;<br> -has a son by the daughter of Muqīm, <a href="#pb321" class= -"pageref">321</a>;<br> -made over to Āṣaf K͟hān, <a href="#pb336" class= -"pageref">336</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟husrau Beg, slave of Mīrzā -K͟hān (ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm), came from Patna and -waited on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb240" class= -"pageref">240</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟husrau Bī Ūzbeg, waited on -Jahāngīr and received dress, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb483" href="#pb483" name="pb483">483</a>]</span> etc., <a href= -"#pb206" class="pageref">206</a>;<br> -appointed to Sarkar of Mewar and promoted, <a href="#pb229" class= -"pageref">229</a>, <a href="#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>;<br> -death, <a href="#pb284" class="pageref">284</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hwāja, Muḥammad Ḥusain, the -brother of K͟hwāja Muḥammad Qāsim.<br> -<i>See</i> Muḥammad Ḥusain K͟hwāja.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hwāja Beg Mīrzā Ṣafawī, -governor of Ahmadnagar, <a href="#pb181" class="pageref">181</a>;<br> -good conduct, <a href="#pb182" class="pageref">182</a>;<br> -his adopted son Ṣaliḥ, <a href="#pb230" class= -"pageref">230</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hwāja Jahān, title of Dūst -Muḥammad, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>, <a href="#pb53" -class="pageref">53</a>, <a href="#pb57" class="pageref">57</a>;<br> -makes offering, <a href="#pb167" class="pageref">167</a>;<br> -ordered to make a house, <a href="#pb191" class="pageref">191</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb217" class="pageref">217</a>, <a href="#pb219" -class="pageref">219</a>, <a href="#pb286" class="pageref">286</a>, -<a href="#pb326" class="pageref">326</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb225" class= -"pageref">225</a>;<br> -sent to make inquiries, <a href="#pb231" class="pageref">231</a>;<br> -his melon-bed, <a href="#pb241" class="pageref">241</a>;<br> -5,000 rupees given him for distribution, <a href="#pb249" class= -"pageref">249</a>;<br> -offering, <a href="#pb317" class="pageref">317</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hwāja Mīr, son of Sult̤ān -K͟hwāja, <a href="#pb388" class="pageref">388</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hwāja Tābūt, or ‘coffin -K͟hwāja,’ mummy of, <a href="#pb117" class= -"pageref">117</a>.</p> -<p class="par">K͟hwāja Yādgār, brother of -ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, receives title of Sardār -K͟hān, <a href="#pb237" class="pageref">237</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb239" class="pageref">239</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kifāyat K͟hān, title of Mīrzā -Ḥusain, <a href="#pb376" class="pageref">376</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb439" class="pageref">439</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kis͟han Chand, son of Mota Rāja, made officer -of 1,000, <a href="#pb128" class="pageref">128</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kis͟han Chand, son of the Raja of Nagarkot, made a -Raja, <a href="#pb281" class="pageref">281</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kis͟han Dās, accountant of stables, received -the rank of 1,000, <a href="#pb226" class="pageref">226</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kis͟han Singh, did good service, and was wounded in -fight with Rānā, <a href="#pb151" class= -"pageref">151</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb151" class="pageref">151</a>, <a href="#pb281" -class="pageref">281</a>;<br> -death of, <a href="#pb291" class="pageref">291</a>–3.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Kis͟hmis͟hī</i>, kind of grape, -<a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a> n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Kis͟hwar K͟hān, son of -Qut̤bu-d-dīn, governor of Rohtas, <a href="#pb144" class= -"pageref">144</a>;<br> -presented twenty-two elephants, <a href="#pb165" class= -"pageref">165</a>;<br> -promoted and made faujdār of Uch, <a href="#pb170" class= -"pageref">170</a>;<br> -killed, <a href="#pb210" class="pageref">210</a>.<br> -<i>See also</i> Ibrāhīm S͟haik͟h.</p> -<p class="par">Koṭ Tīrāh, <a href="#pb8" class= -"pageref">8</a> kos from Jalālābād, <a href="#pb263" -class="pageref">263</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kūch Bihār, two daughters of this zamindar who -had been taken by Islām K͟hān, together with a son and -ninety-four elephants, produced before Jahāngīr, <a href= -"#pb269" class="pageref">269</a>;<br> -zamindar of, <a href="#pb443" class="pageref">443</a>, <a href="#pb444" -class="pageref">444</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kumaon, Raja of, <a href="#pb218" class= -"pageref">218</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb484" href="#pb484" -name="pb484">484</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">L</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Lāchīn Qāqs͟hāl, <a href= -"#pb434" class="pageref">434</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Lachmī Narāyan of Kūch Bihār, -<a href="#pb443" class="pageref">443</a>, <a href="#pb444" class= -"pageref">444</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Lahore, grapes abundant at, <a href="#pb5" class= -"pageref">5</a>;<br> -news from, <a href="#pb247" class="pageref">247</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Lakhmī Chand, Raja of Kumaon, brought to Court, -<a href="#pb218" class="pageref">218</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Laʿl Kalāwant died, and a concubine poisoned -herself, <a href="#pb150" class="pageref">150</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Lāla Beg, styled Bāz Bahādur, <a href= -"#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>, <a href="#pb47" class= -"pageref">47</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Bāz Bahādur.</p> -<p class="par">Lankū Pandit, envoy of ʿĀdil -K͟hān, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Las͟hkar K͟hān, <a href="#pb265" class= -"pageref">265</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Muʿtaqid K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">Leyden, J., quoted, <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a> -note, etc.</p> -<p class="par">Lotus flowers, <a href="#pb412" class= -"pageref">412</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Lunar weighing, <a href="#pb239" class= -"pageref">239</a>, etc.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">M</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Mādan, blacksmith, of Māndū, -<a href="#pb364" class="pageref">364</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mādho Singh, brother’s son of Mān Singh, -presented with flag, <a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a>;<br> -misconduct, <a href="#pb55" class="pageref">55</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Maghs, brought by Hūs͟hang, account of, -<a href="#pb236" class="pageref">236</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mahā Singh, grandson of Mān Singh, son of -Jagat Singh, promoted to 2,000, <a href="#pb17" class= -"pageref">17</a>;<br> -appointed to Bangas͟h, and Rām Dās made his tutor, -<a href="#pb111" class="pageref">111</a>;<br> -sent to Bangas͟h, <a href="#pb118" class="pageref">118</a>;<br> -given standard, <a href="#pb168" class="pageref">168</a>;<br> -sent to quell Bikramājīt of Bāndhū, <a href= -"#pb176" class="pageref">176</a>;<br> -does not succeed Mān Singh, but is promoted, and given -Garha-Katanga in fief, <a href="#pb266" class="pageref">266</a> and n. -3;<br> -receives title of Raja, <a href="#pb297" class="pageref">297</a>;<br> -sends elephants, <a href="#pb318" class="pageref">318</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb328" class="pageref">328</a>;<br> -sons wait upon Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb345" class= -"pageref">345</a>;<br> -dies of drink, <a href="#pb377" class="pageref">377</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mahāban, parganah assigned to Mahābat, -<a href="#pb116" class="pageref">116</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mahābat, title of Zamāna Beg, son of -G͟hayūr Beg of Kabul, promoted, <a href="#pb24" class= -"pageref">24</a> and n. 3;<br> -appointed to pursue K͟husrau, <a href="#pb65" class= -"pageref">65</a>;<br> -given 15,000 rupees, <a href="#pb66" class="pageref">66</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb77" class="pageref">77</a>;<br> -promoted to 3,000 with 2,500 horse, <a href="#pb146" class= -"pageref">146</a>;<br> -received robe of honour, etc., <a href="#pb147" class= -"pageref">147</a>;<br> -sent for to Court, <a href="#pb155" class="pageref">155</a>;<br> -brings tiger-cub, <a href="#pb164" class="pageref">164</a>;<br> -pays his respects, <a href="#pb199" class="pageref">199</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb217" class="pageref">217</a>;<br> -fief given to, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb485" href="#pb485" name= -"pb485">485</a>]</span>241;<br> -prepares halting-place at Samonagar, <a href="#pb248" class= -"pageref">248</a>;<br> -ordered to bring ʿAzīz Koka from Udaipur, <a href="#pb258" -class="pageref">258</a>;<br> -presents offering, <a href="#pb261" class="pageref">261</a>;<br> -receives charge of Aḥmad Beg, <a href="#pb279" class= -"pageref">279</a>;<br> -splendid offerings, <a href="#pb284" class="pageref">284</a>;<br> -given horse, <a href="#pb285" class="pageref">285</a>, <a href="#pb297" -class="pageref">297</a>;<br> -given presents, <a href="#pb299" class="pageref">299</a>;<br> -pay reduced, <a href="#pb385" class="pageref">385</a>;<br> -appointed to Kabul, <a href="#pb402" class="pageref">402</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Maḥmūd, Sultan of Ghazni, <a href="#pb117" -class="pageref">117</a> and note.</p> -<p class="par">Maḥmūd Kamāngar, saint, -Humāyūn’s respect for, <a href="#pb135" class= -"pageref">135</a> and note.</p> -<p class="par">Mahtāb garden at Kabul, <a href="#pb106" class= -"pageref">106</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Maktūb K͟hān, librarian, verse by, -<a href="#pb12" class="pageref">12</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Malik ʿAmbar, defeats ʿAbdu-llah, <a href= -"#pb220" class="pageref">220</a>;<br> -attempt to assassinate, <a href="#pb275" class="pageref">275</a>;<br> -defeat of, <a href="#pb312" class="pageref">312</a>, <a href="#pb368" -class="pageref">368</a>, <a href="#pb373" class="pageref">373</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Malwa, account of, <a href="#pb348" class= -"pageref">348</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mān, Rāja, released, <a href="#pb301" class= -"pageref">301</a>;<br> -loyalty of, <a href="#pb326" class="pageref">326</a>, <a href="#pb336" -class="pageref">336</a>;<br> -killed, <a href="#pb361" class="pageref">361</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mān Singh, son (originally nephew) of Bhagwān -Dās, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>;<br> -maternal uncle to K͟husrau, confirmed in government of Bengal, -<a href="#pb15" class="pageref">15</a>, <a href="#pb53" class= -"pageref">53</a>;<br> -sent a dress of honour, <a href="#pb75" class="pageref">75</a>;<br> -built house at Ḥasan Abdāl, <a href="#pb99" class= -"pageref">99</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr after being sent for six or seven times, -<a href="#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>;<br> -character, <a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a>;<br> -presents <a href="#pb100" class="pageref">100</a> elephants, <a href= -"#pb138" class="pageref">138</a>;<br> -presented with a horse, <a href="#pb142" class="pageref">142</a>;<br> -sends sixty elephants, <a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a>;<br> -gets leave on appointment to Deccan, <a href="#pb148" class= -"pageref">148</a>;<br> -sword presented to, <a href="#pb155" class="pageref">155</a>;<br> -summoned to Court, <a href="#pb208" class="pageref">208</a>;<br> -death, <a href="#pb266" class="pageref">266</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mān Singh Darbārī at battle at -Aḥmadābād, <a href="#pb43" class="pageref">43</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mān Singh Sewṛā, <a href="#pb437" class= -"pageref">437</a>–8.</p> -<p class="par">Māndū, account of, <a href="#pb364" class= -"pageref">364</a>–5, <a href="#pb381" class="pageref">381</a>, -<a href="#pb384" class="pageref">384</a>;<br> -storm at, <a href="#pb383" class="pageref">383</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Manglī or Mankalī K͟hān, receives -horse and dagger, <a href="#pb147" class="pageref">147</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>, <a href="#pb298" -class="pageref">298</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mangoes received from Kairāna, <a href="#pb332" -class="pageref">332</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Manohar Sekhāwat Kachhwāha, son of Raja -Lonkaran, Persian scholar and poet, <a href="#pb17" class= -"pageref">17</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb112" class="pageref">112</a>, <a href="#pb231" -class="pageref">231</a>;<br> -death of, <a href="#pb321" class="pageref">321</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Manṣūr K͟hān, nephew of -Wazīru-l-mulk (Jān Beg), <a href="#pb136" class= -"pageref">136</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Manucci, quoted, <a href="#pb239" class= -"pageref">239</a> n. 1, etc.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Mārk͟hūr</i> (wild goat), <a href= -"#pb113" class="pageref">113</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Maryam Makānī (Ḥamīda -Bānū), Akbar’s mother, given charge of <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb486" href="#pb486" name="pb486">486</a>]</span> -S͟hāhzāda K͟hānam, <a href="#pb34" class= -"pageref">34</a>;<br> -presents ruby to Akbar, <a href="#pb409" class="pageref">409</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Maryam-zamānī, Jahāngīr’s -mother, Jahāngīr pays his respects to her at Dahr, <a href= -"#pb76" class="pageref">76</a>;<br> -solar weighing takes place in her house, <a href="#pb78" class= -"pageref">78</a>, <a href="#pb230" class="pageref">230</a>, and -Parwīz’s marriage, <a href="#pb81" class="pageref">81</a>, -and Jahāngīr’s marriage, <a href="#pb145" class= -"pageref">145</a>;<br> -sent to Agra, <a href="#pb401" class="pageref">401</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Masīḥu-z-zamān, title of -Ḥakīm Ṣadrā, <a href="#pb155" class= -"pageref">155</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Masʿūd, son of Saʿd, poet, his couplet, -<a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a> and n. 2.</p> -<p class="par">Masʿūd Beg Hamaẕānī, promoted, -<a href="#pb153" class="pageref">153</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Maʿṣūm, Wakil of the Khankhanan, brings -MS., <a href="#pb168" class="pageref">168</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mathura, <a href="#pb54" class="pageref">54</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Matricide, punishment of, <a href="#pb353" class= -"pageref">353</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Maudūd Chis͟htī, styled -Chis͟htī K͟hān, <a href="#pb379" class= -"pageref">379</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Melons, <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>;<br> -one from near Fatḥpūr weighed <a href="#pb33" class= -"pageref">33</a> seers, <a href="#pb154" class="pageref">154</a>;<br> -of Kārīz, <a href="#pb270" class="pageref">270</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mihtar K͟hān, account of, <a href="#pb146" -class="pageref">146</a>;<br> -death of, <a href="#pb153" class="pageref">153</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mihtar Saʿādat, name of Pīs͟hrau -K͟hān, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Pīs͟hrau.</p> -<p class="par">Mīr ʿAlī, calligrapher, <a href="#pb168" -class="pageref">168</a> and note.</p> -<p class="par">Mīr ʿAlī, son of Farīdūn, -death, <a href="#pb350" class="pageref">350</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mīr Mīrān, son of -K͟halīlu-llah, <a href="#pb304" class="pageref">304</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb371" class="pageref">371</a>;<br> -gifts to, <a href="#pb389" class="pageref">389</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mīr Mīrān, son of Sult̤ān -K͟hwāja, belonging to Deccan army, presents ruby, <a href= -"#pb230" class="pageref">230</a>, <a href="#pb388" class= -"pageref">388</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mīrān, <i>see</i> Ṣadr Jahān.</p> -<p class="par">Mīrān, Sayyid, his monument to his father, -<a href="#pb436" class="pageref">436</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mīrzā, Sult̤ān, son of -S͟hāhruk͟h, character, <a href="#pb120" class= -"pageref">120</a>;<br> -came from Deccan, <a href="#pb201" class="pageref">201</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Mīyān Tūt̤ī</i>, speech of a -bird, <a href="#pb138" class="pageref">138</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mohan Dās, son of Raja Bikramājīt, -<a href="#pb153" class="pageref">153</a></p> -<p class="par">Monkey, strange, <a href="#pb216" class= -"pageref">216</a>;<br> -story of affection of a goat for young monkey, <a href="#pb445" class= -"pageref">445</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mosque of Ahmadabad, <a href="#pb424" class= -"pageref">424</a>–5.</p> -<p class="par">Muʾarrik͟h K͟hān, title of -Mullā-i-Taqiyyā S͟hūstarī, <a href="#pb146" -class="pageref">146</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muʿaz̤z̤am, <i>see</i> -Bāyazīd.</p> -<p class="par">Mubārak ʿArab, possessor of land in Khuzistan, -etc., <a href="#pb158" class="pageref">158</a> and note, and <a href= -"#pb162" class="pageref">162</a> and note.</p> -<p class="par">Mubārak K͟hān Sazāwal promoted, -<a href="#pb289" class="pageref">289</a>;<br> -gifts to, <a href="#pb294" class="pageref">294</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mubārik Buk͟hārī, his tomb, <a href= -"#pb436" class="pageref">436</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb487" -href="#pb487" name="pb487">487</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Mubāriz K͟hān, title of -S͟haik͟h Ḥusain, <a href="#pb296" class= -"pageref">296</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb298" class="pageref">298</a>, <a href="#pb409" -class="pageref">409</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muḥammad Amīn, Maulānā, <a href= -"#pb135" class="pageref">135</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muḥammad Beg, styled Ẕū-l-faqār -K͟hān, <a href="#pb275" class="pageref">275</a>. He is -mentioned under this title by Sir T. Roe.</p> -<p class="par">Muḥammad Beg, <i>bak͟hs͟hī</i>, -<a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muḥammad Ḥakīm, uncle of -Jahāngīr, his sons, <a href="#pb57" class="pageref">57</a> -and n. 2;<br> -planted an apricot-tree, <a href="#pb116" class="pageref">116</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muḥammad Ḥusain, K͟hwāja, uncle of -Hās͟him K͟hān, superintendent of kitchen, sent to -Kashmir to act for his nephew, <a href="#pb199" class= -"pageref">199</a>;<br> -returns, <a href="#pb229" class="pageref">229</a>;<br> -personal appearance and death of, <a href="#pb233" class= -"pageref">233</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muḥammad Ḥusain Chelebī, sent to make -purchases in Persia, <a href="#pb237" class= -"pageref">237</a>–8.</p> -<p class="par">Muḥammad Ḥusain Mīrzā, rebel, -<a href="#pb40" class="pageref">40</a>;<br> -put to death, <a href="#pb44" class="pageref">44</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muḥammad Riẓā, ambassador of King of -Persia, <a href="#pb374" class="pageref">374</a>;<br> -death, <a href="#pb398" class="pageref">398</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muḥammad Riẓā Sabzwārī given -20,000 rupees for distribution, <a href="#pb20" class= -"pageref">20</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muḥammad S͟hāh, emperor, reinstitutes -Chain of Justice, <a href="#pb7" class="pageref">7</a> n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Muḥammad Taqī, diwan, sent to bring -ʿAzīz K͟hān’s family from Mandesūr, -<a href="#pb258" class="pageref">258</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muhr, gold(?) coin of 1,000 tolas weight given -Yādgār ʿAlī, ambassador of Persia, called -<i>kaukab-i-t̤ālīʿ</i>, <a href="#pb237" class= -"pageref">237</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mūʿīnu-d-dīn Chis͟htī, of -Ajmir, great saint, <a href="#pb1" class="pageref">1</a>, <a href= -"#pb34" class="pageref">34</a>, <a href="#pb42" class="pageref">42</a> -n. 2, <a href="#pb249" class="pageref">249</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muʿizzu-l-mulk, Sayyid of Bāk͟harz, in -charge of buildings, <a href="#pb45" class="pageref">45</a>;<br> -recalls S͟harīf, <a href="#pb53" class="pageref">53</a>, -<a href="#pb63" class="pageref">63</a>;<br> -<i>bak͟hs͟hī</i>, <a href="#pb76" class= -"pageref">76</a>;<br> -fief-holder of Nakodar, <a href="#pb136" class="pageref">136</a>;<br> -ill and miserable, <a href="#pb164" class="pageref">164</a>;<br> -diwan of Kabul, and promoted, <a href="#pb172" class= -"pageref">172</a>;<br> -at Kabul, <a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>;<br> -came from Kabul with his sons, <a href="#pb222" class= -"pageref">222</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mukarram K͟hān son of -Muʿāz̤z̤am K͟hān, given a flag, <a href= -"#pb256" class="pageref">256</a>;<br> -his offering, <a href="#pb323" class="pageref">323</a>;<br> -conquers K͟hūrdā, <a href="#pb433" class= -"pageref">433</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muk͟hliṣ K͟hān, -<i>bak͟hs͟hī</i> of Deccan, <a href="#pb149" class= -"pageref">149</a>;<br> -punished, <a href="#pb382" class="pageref">382</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muk͟hliṣ K͟hān, <a href="#pb306" -class="pageref">306</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muk͟htār Beg, diwan of Parwīz, <a href= -"#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mulberry fruited at Lahore in December-January, <a href= -"#pb271" class="pageref">271</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Mūlsarī</i>, flower, <a href="#pb6" class= -"pageref">6</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Mūmīyā</i>, bitumen, <a href="#pb238" -class="pageref">238</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb488" href= -"#pb488" name="pb488">488</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Munʿim K͟hān, his house, <a href="#pb12" -class="pageref">12</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mūnis K͟hān, son of Mihtar -K͟hān, presents jug of jade, <a href="#pb146" class= -"pageref">146</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb153" class="pageref">153</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muqarrab K͟hān, title of S͟haik͟h -Ḥasan, son of S͟haik͟h Bahā or Bhīnā, -account of, <a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a>;<br> -brings Dāniyāl’s children from Burhanpur, <a href= -"#pb28" class="pageref">28</a>, <a href="#pb75" class= -"pageref">75</a>;<br> -sends Emperor tapestry, <a href="#pb144" class="pageref">144</a>;<br> -sends picture of Tīmūr, <a href="#pb153" class= -"pageref">153</a>–4 and note;<br> -brings curiosities from Cambay and Surat, <a href="#pb167" class= -"pageref">167</a>;<br> -a widow complains against, <a href="#pb172" class= -"pageref">172</a>;<br> -brings turkey, etc., from Goa, <a href="#pb215" class= -"pageref">215</a>;<br> -governor of Delhi, <a href="#pb224" class="pageref">224</a>;<br> -bleeds Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb226" class= -"pageref">226</a>;<br> -gets standard and drums, <a href="#pb230" class="pageref">230</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb231" class="pageref">231</a>;<br> -presents of, <a href="#pb234" class="pageref">234</a>;<br> -New Year’s offering, <a href="#pb237" class= -"pageref">237</a>;<br> -sent to inquire into affair at Surat, <a href="#pb255" class= -"pageref">255</a>;<br> -arrives from Gujarat, <a href="#pb297" class="pageref">297</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb303" class="pageref">303</a>;<br> -presents Abyssinian elephant, <a href="#pb323" class= -"pageref">323</a>;<br> -made governor of Gujarat, <a href="#pb331" class="pageref">331</a>;<br> -sends mangoes, <a href="#pb332" class="pageref">332</a>;<br> -presents pearl, <a href="#pb415" class="pageref">415</a>, <a href= -"#pb424" class="pageref">424</a>, <a href="#pb432" class= -"pageref">432</a>;<br> -has presents, <a href="#pb435" class="pageref">435</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muqīm, styled by Akbar Wazīr K͟hān, -confirmed in appointment, <a href="#pb13" class="pageref">13</a>;<br> -made co-vizier, <a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>;<br> -diwan of Bengal, <a href="#pb22" class="pageref">22</a>;<br> -dismissed, <a href="#pb139" class="pageref">139</a>;<br> -presents sixty elephants, <a href="#pb147" class="pageref">147</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Murād, Mīrzā, son of Mīrzā -Rustam, styled Iltifāt K͟hān, <a href="#pb298" class= -"pageref">298</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Murād, S͟hāh, second son of Akbar, -nicknamed <i>Pahārī</i>, birth and account of, <a href= -"#pb34" class="pageref">34</a>;<br> -styled S͟hāhzāda maghfūr after death, <a href= -"#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Murs͟hid Qulī K͟hān, musketeer, -abets drinking of Sult̤ān Dāniyāl, <a href="#pb35" -class="pageref">35</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Murtaẓā K͟hān Dakhanī, -distinguished fencer, receives title of Warzis͟h K͟hān, -<a href="#pb253" class="pageref">253</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muṣt̤afā Beg, ambassador from Persia, -<a href="#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>, <a href="#pb284" class= -"pageref">284</a>;<br> -gets a Nūr-jahānī muhr, <a href="#pb298" class= -"pageref">298</a>;<br> -takes leave, <a href="#pb299" class="pageref">299</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muṣt̤afā K͟hān, <a href= -"#pb280" class="pageref">280</a>;<br> -name of Ẓīyarʾu-d-dīn Qazwīnī, <i>which -see</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Muʿtamid K͟hān, author of the -Iqbāl-nāma, <a href="#pb117" class="pageref">117</a> -note;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb300" class="pageref">300</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muʿtaqid K͟hān, son of Iftikhār -K͟hān, distinguished in battle with ʿUs̤mān, -<a href="#pb213" class="pageref">213</a>;<br> -had been <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb489" href="#pb489" name= -"pb489">489</a>]</span>diwan of Bengal, brought -ʿUs̤mān’s sons, etc., to Court, <a href="#pb230" -class="pageref">230</a>;<br> -produced offering of twenty-five elephants, <a href="#pb230" class= -"pageref">230</a>;<br> -made <i>bak͟hs͟hī</i>, <a href="#pb231" class= -"pageref">231</a>;<br> -buys house in Agra, his misfortunes, <a href="#pb235" class= -"pageref">235</a>;<br> -went as <i>bak͟hs͟hī</i> to Bangas͟h, <a href= -"#pb237" class="pageref">237</a>;<br> -defeats Aḥdād Afghan, <a href="#pb263" class= -"pageref">263</a>–4;<br> -received title of Las͟hkar K͟hān, <a href="#pb265" -class="pageref">265</a>;<br> -offering of, <a href="#pb291" class="pageref">291</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb303" class="pageref">303</a>, <a href="#pb377" -class="pageref">377</a>;<br> -made diwan of Deccan, <a href="#pb406" class="pageref">406</a>;<br> -sent to distribute alms, <a href="#pb432" class="pageref">432</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Muz̤affar, Sultan of Gujarat, alleged son of -Sult̤ān Maḥmūd, originally Nannū, causes -disturbance in Gujarat, <a href="#pb429" class= -"pageref">429</a>–31.</p> -<p class="par">Muz̤affar Ḥakīm, <i>see</i> -Ḥakīm Muz̤affar.</p> -<p class="par">Muz̤affar Tark͟hān, son of -Mīrzā Bāqī Tark͟hān, belonged to the -Tark͟hān family of Scinde, waits upon Jahāngīr, -<a href="#pb434" class="pageref">434</a> and n. 2.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">N</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Nād ʿAlī Maidānī, -<a href="#pb198" class="pageref">198</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb303" class="pageref">303</a>, <a href="#pb317" -class="pageref">317</a>;<br> -offerings, <a href="#pb321" class="pageref">321</a> (the entry here -should be <i>dāna kis͟h</i>, marten-skins);<br> -death, <a href="#pb348" class="pageref">348</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nagīna garden, Ahmadabad, <a href="#pb435" class= -"pageref">435</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Najību-n-nisā or Fak͟hru-n-nisā, -sister of Muḥammad Ḥakīm and aunt of -Jahāngīr, death of, <a href="#pb144" class= -"pageref">144</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nakodar, <a href="#pb135" class="pageref">135</a>, -<a href="#pb136" class="pageref">136</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Nandanah, red deer of, <a href="#pb129" class= -"pageref">129</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> I.G., xviii, <a href="#pb349" class="pageref">349</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nannū or Nabū, styled Muz̤affar -K͟hān, <a href="#pb429" class="pageref">429</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Naqīb K͟hān, of Qazwīn, son of -ʿAbdu-l-Lat̤īf, original name -G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn, death of, <a href="#pb264" class= -"pageref">264</a>;<br> -buried beside his wife, <a href="#pb265" class="pageref">265</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Naryād, parganah in Gujarat, <a href="#pb415" -class="pageref">415</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nāṣiru-d-dīn, K͟haljī, -buildings made by, <a href="#pb354" class="pageref">354</a>;<br> -evil behaviour, <a href="#pb365" class="pageref">365</a>–7, -<a href="#pb408" class="pageref">408</a>, <a href="#pb409" class= -"pageref">409</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Naṣru-llah, given rank of 700 with <a href= -"#pb400" class="pageref">400</a> horse, <a href="#pb153" class= -"pageref">153</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nathu Māl, Rāja of Manjholi, <a href="#pb79" -class="pageref">79</a> and n. 4;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb296" class="pageref">296</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Nauras</i>, musical compositions of ʿĀdil -K͟hān, <a href="#pb272" class="pageref">272</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Naus͟hahr, fort on the Kāma, <a href="#pb102" -class="pageref">102</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nawāzis͟h K͟hān, title of -Saʿdu-llah, son of Saʿīd K͟hān, <a href= -"#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb237" class="pageref">237</a>, <a href="#pb444" -class="pageref">444</a>;<br> -leave to depart, <a href="#pb287" class="pageref">287</a>, <a href= -"#pb443" class="pageref">443</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb490" -href="#pb490" name="pb490">490</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Naz̤ar-jīvī, brought Akbar news of -Humāyūn’s death, <a href="#pb38" class="pageref">38</a> -(‘jīvī’ should be -‘chūlī’).</p> -<p class="par">Naz̤īrī of Nīshāpūr, poet, -<a href="#pb188" class="pageref">188</a> (Rieu, ii. 817b).</p> -<p class="par">New Year Feasts, <a href="#pb48" class="pageref">48</a>, -<a href="#pb85" class="pageref">85</a>, <a href="#pb138" class= -"pageref">138</a>, <a href="#pb154" class="pageref">154</a>, <a href= -"#pb165" class="pageref">165</a>, <a href="#pb191" class= -"pageref">191</a>, <a href="#pb206" class="pageref">206</a>, <a href= -"#pb235" class="pageref">235</a>, <a href="#pb259" class= -"pageref">259</a>, <a href="#pb280" class="pageref">280</a>, <a href= -"#pb317" class="pageref">317</a>, <a href="#pb370" class= -"pageref">370</a>.</p> -<p class="par">News-writers, <a href="#pb247" class= -"pageref">247</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nīlāb, river (Indus), <a href="#pb101" class= -"pageref">101</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nīlgaw, Jahāngīr’s cruelty in -connection with hunt of, <a href="#pb164" class="pageref">164</a>;<br> -incident about shooting one, <a href="#pb189" class= -"pageref">189</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Niʿmatu-llah, married to Jānish Begam, sister -of T̤ahmāsp, <a href="#pb131" class="pageref">131</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Niz̤ām, Humāyūn’s librarian, -<a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Niz̤ām, K͟hwāja, brings -pomegranates, <a href="#pb391" class="pageref">391</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Niz̤ām, of Shiraz, story-teller, receives -3,000 rupees, <a href="#pb77" class="pageref">77</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Niz̤ām Thaneswari, dismissed to Mecca, -<a href="#pb60" class="pageref">60</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Niz̤āmu-d-dīn, historian, <a href= -"#pb420" class="pageref">420</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Niz̤āmu-d-dīn Auliyā, saint, -<a href="#pb169" class="pageref">169</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Niz̤āmu-d-dīn K͟hān, <a href= -"#pb311" class="pageref">311</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb320" class="pageref">320</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nūr-bak͟ht elephant, <a href="#pb396" class= -"pageref">396</a>, <a href="#pb410" class="pageref">410</a>, <a href= -"#pb418" class="pageref">418</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nūr Gaj, name of elephant and its description, -<a href="#pb47" class="pageref">47</a></p> -<p class="par">Nūr-Jahān, <a href="#pb192" class= -"pageref">192</a> note;<br> -name first mentioned in Tūzuk, <a href="#pb266" class= -"pageref">266</a>;<br> -makes presents to Karan, <a href="#pb278" class="pageref">278</a>;<br> -name changed from Nūr-maḥall to Nūr-Jahān, -<a href="#pb319" class="pageref">319</a>;<br> -Rāmsar belongs to, <a href="#pb342" class="pageref">342</a>;<br> -shoots a bird, <a href="#pb348" class="pageref">348</a>;<br> -shoots four tigers, <a href="#pb375" class="pageref">375</a>;<br> -given parganah of Ṭoḍā, <a href="#pb380" class= -"pageref">380</a>;<br> -gives a feast, <a href="#pb385" class="pageref">385</a>;<br> -entertains S͟hāh Jahān, <a href="#pb397" class= -"pageref">397</a>;<br> -receives presents from S͟hāh Jahān, <a href="#pb401" -class="pageref">401</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nūr-nāma, poem, <a href="#pb222" class= -"pageref">222</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nūru-d-dīn, son of -G͟hiyās̤u-d-dīn ʿAlī -Āṣaf-K͟hān (No. ii), plots with K͟husrau and -is put to death, <a href="#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>–3.</p> -<p class="par">Nūru-d-dīn Jahāngīr -Pāds͟hāh, title assumed, <a href="#pb3" class= -"pageref">3</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nūru-d-dīn Muḥammad, -Naqs͟hbandī, father of Salīma Sult̤ān Begam, -<a href="#pb232" class="pageref">232</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Nūru-d-dīn Qulī, promoted, <a href= -"#pb418" class="pageref">418</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">O</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Oranges, <a href="#pb423" class= -"pageref">423</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Orders about fiefs, <a href="#pb23" class= -"pageref">23</a>;<br> -about compensation to peasants for damage to crops, <a href="#pb163" -class="pageref">163</a>, <a href="#pb182" class="pageref">182</a>;<br> -about Amīrs, <a href="#pb205" class="pageref">205</a>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb491" href="#pb491" name= -"pb491">491</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">P</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Pahāṛ, son of G͟haznīn -K͟hān, matricide, put to death, <a href="#pb353" class= -"pageref">353</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Pahārī</i>, <i>see</i> Murād -S͟hāh.</p> -<p class="par">Pahluwān Bahāʾu-d-dīn, <a href= -"#pb445" class="pageref">445</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Palās-tree, <a href="#pb97" class= -"pageref">97</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pāmpūr, village in Kashmir, famous for -saffron, <a href="#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Pandanus</i>, <i>see</i> <i>Keoṛā</i> and -<i>Ketkī</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Pandits, religious discussion with, <a href="#pb32" -class="pageref">32</a>, <a href="#pb33" class="pageref">33</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Panipat, battles at, <a href="#pb39" class= -"pageref">39</a>, <a href="#pb58" class="pageref">58</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Pargāla, fargul</i> (kind of garment), <a href= -"#pb247" class="pageref">247</a> and note, <a href="#pb252" class= -"pageref">252</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> <a href="#pb182" class="pageref">182</a>, <a href="#pb203" -class="pageref">203</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Parwīz, Sultan, son of Jahāngīr, sent -against Rānā, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>;<br> -used to keep Jahāngīr’s seal, <a href="#pb18" class= -"pageref">18</a>;<br> -birth of, <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>–19 and n. 1;<br> -directions to, <a href="#pb26" class="pageref">26</a>;<br> -report from about Rānā, ordered to Agra, <a href="#pb70" -class="pageref">70</a>;<br> -joins Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb73" class="pageref">73</a>, -<a href="#pb74" class="pageref">74</a>;<br> -given sword, <a href="#pb75" class="pageref">75</a>;<br> -130,000 rupees sent as marriage present for Murād -S͟hāh’s daughter, betrothed to Parwīz, <a href= -"#pb78" class="pageref">78</a>;<br> -solar weighing of, <a href="#pb81" class="pageref">81</a>;<br> -sent to Deccan, <a href="#pb156" class="pageref">156</a>;<br> -ruby worth 60,000 rupees given to, <a href="#pb156" class= -"pageref">156</a>;<br> -K͟handesh, Berar, and Āsīr, given to, <a href="#pb157" -class="pageref">157</a>;<br> -pearl rosary given to, <a href="#pb157" class="pageref">157</a>;<br> -unsatisfactory results, <a href="#pb161" class="pageref">161</a>;<br> -<i>tak͟htī</i> sent to, <a href="#pb171" class= -"pageref">171</a>;<br> -failure of, <a href="#pb183" class="pageref">183</a>;<br> -son born to, <a href="#pb279" class="pageref">279</a>;<br> -offering of, <a href="#pb310" class="pageref">310</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Patā, properly Tapā, a Sewra sect, <a href= -"#pb437" class="pageref">437</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Addenda.</p> -<p class="par">Pathān Miṣr, 1,000 rupees given to, <a href= -"#pb160" class="pageref">160</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Patr Dās, styled Rāy Rāyān, receives -title of Raja Bikramājīt and made Master of Ordnance, -<a href="#pb22" class="pageref">22</a>;<br> -appointed to Gujarat, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>;<br> -honoured, <a href="#pb284" class="pageref">284</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pāyanda K͟hān Moghul, to receive a jagir, -<a href="#pb143" class="pageref">143</a>;<br> -death, <a href="#pb294" class="pageref">294</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Peaches, <a href="#pb116" class="pageref">116</a>, -<a href="#pb118" class="pageref">118</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pes͟h Bulāg͟h, fort, <a href="#pb105" -class="pageref">105</a>, <a href="#pb263" class="pageref">263</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Phūl kaṭāra</i>, what is it, <a href= -"#pb230" class="pageref">230</a> and note.</p> -<p class="par">Pīm Bahādur, killed, <a href="#pb50" class= -"pageref">50</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pineapples, <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pīr, S͟haik͟h, built mosque at Mairtha, -<a href="#pb241" class="pageref">241</a> (<i>see also</i> Addenda);<br> -given 1,000 rupees, <a href="#pb346" class="pageref">346</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pīr K͟hān, <i>see</i> K͟hān -Jahān Lodī.</p> -<p class="par">Pīs͟hrau K͟hān, styled Mihtar -Saʿādat, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>;<br> -came from Persia with Humāyūn, <a href="#pb50" class= -"pageref">50</a>;<br> -death, <a href="#pb149" class="pageref">149</a>–50. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb492" href="#pb492" name="pb492">492</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Pitlād, parganah in Gujarat, <a href="#pb415" -class="pageref">415</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Plague, outbreak of, in Panjab, <a href="#pb330" class= -"pageref">330</a>;<br> -in Kashmir, <a href="#pb442" class="pageref">442</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Plantains (bananas), wild, at Māndū, <a href= -"#pb383" class="pageref">383</a>, <a href="#pb386" class= -"pageref">386</a>–7;<br> -golden plantains (<i>sōna-kela</i>), <a href="#pb397" class= -"pageref">397</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Poplar, white, <a href="#pb7" class="pageref">7</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Portuguese Viceroy, defeat of, <a href="#pb274" class= -"pageref">274</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Price, Major, quoted, <a href="#pb15" class= -"pageref">15</a> n. 2;<br> -23 n. 1 and <i>passim</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Prithī Chand, son of Rāy Manohar, promoted, -<a href="#pb328" class="pageref">328</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Prosperity, four causes of, <a href="#pb235" class= -"pageref">235</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pushkar, lake and temples, <a href="#pb254" class= -"pageref">254</a>;<br> -Jahāngīr visits, <a href="#pb264" class= -"pageref">264</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pūn Pūn, fight on bank of, <a href="#pb175" -class="pageref">175</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">Q</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Qabūlah, town in Bet-Jālandhar -Dūāb, <a href="#pb160" class="pageref">160</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qadam, Afghan, deserts, <a href="#pb321" class= -"pageref">321</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Qamargāh</i> (ring-hunt), <a href="#pb120" -class="pageref">120</a>, <a href="#pb125" class="pageref">125</a>, -<a href="#pb129" class="pageref">129</a>, <a href="#pb203" class= -"pageref">203</a>–4.</p> -<p class="par">Qandahar, in Afghanistan, <a href="#pb70" class= -"pageref">70</a>, <a href="#pb86" class="pageref">86</a>, etc.;<br> -in Deccan, <a href="#pb179" class="pageref">179</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qarā K͟hān Turkmān promoted, -<a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qarācha K͟hān, Amīr of -Humāyūn, <a href="#pb112" class="pageref">112</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qāsim, K͟hwāja, came from Transoxiana and -waited on Jahāngīr and given 12,000 rupees, <a href="#pb241" -class="pageref">241</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qāsim ʾAlī, styled Dayānat -K͟hān, <a href="#pb123" class="pageref">123</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Dayānat.</p> -<p class="par">Qāsim K͟hān, disagrees with his brother -Islām, sent for, <a href="#pb148" class="pageref">148</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb176" class="pageref">176</a>, <a href="#pb177" -class="pageref">177</a>;<br> -gets present, <a href="#pb298" class="pageref">298</a>;<br> -sends elephant, <a href="#pb300" class="pageref">300</a>;<br> -dress of honour sent to, <a href="#pb303" class="pageref">303</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb306" class="pageref">306</a>;<br> -dismissed, <a href="#pb373" class="pageref">373</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qāsim K͟hān, Muḥammad, servant of -Akbar, <a href="#pb233" class="pageref">233</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qilīj (should be Qulīj) K͟hān, -appointed to Gujarat, and given a lakh of rupees, <a href="#pb21" -class="pageref">21</a>;<br> -recalled to Court, <a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>;<br> -ordered a fief, <a href="#pb84" class="pageref">84</a>;<br> -buries Ḥakīm Muz̤affar, <a href="#pb125" class= -"pageref">125</a>;<br> -governor of Lahore, <a href="#pb135" class="pageref">135</a>;<br> -promoted to 6,000 with 5,000 horse, sent to Kabul, <a href="#pb198" -class="pageref">198</a>–9;<br> -quarrels with Amirs, <a href="#pb230" class= -"pageref">230</a>–1;<br> -death of, <a href="#pb253" class="pageref">253</a>; <a href="#pb279" -class="pageref">279</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Qirān-i-naḥsīn</i> (unlucky -conjunction of planets), <a href="#pb172" class="pageref">172</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qizilbās͟h K͟hān disgraced, <a href= -"#pb289" class="pageref">289</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qut̤b personates K͟husrau at Patna, <a href= -"#pb173" class="pageref">173</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb493" -href="#pb493" name="pb493">493</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Qut̤b ʿĀlam, father of S͟hāh -ʿĀlam, <a href="#pb421" class="pageref">421</a>;<br> -his shrine, <a href="#pb436" class="pageref">436</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qut̤bu-d-dīn K͟hān Koka, given -dagger worth 6,000 rupees, <a href="#pb77" class="pageref">77</a>;<br> -promoted and appointed to Bengal, <a href="#pb78" class= -"pageref">78</a>;<br> -mother dies, <a href="#pb84" class="pageref">84</a>–5;<br> -killed by S͟hīr-afgan at Bardwan, <a href="#pb113" class= -"pageref">113</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qut̤bu-d-dīn Muḥammad, maker of -Kānkriya tank, <a href="#pb420" class="pageref">420</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qut̤bu-d-dīn Muḥammad K͟hān -killed at Baroda, <a href="#pb431" class="pageref">431</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Qut̤bu-l-mulk, king of Golconda, <a href="#pb433" -class="pageref">433</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">R</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Racing, horse, at Kabul, <a href="#pb110" class= -"pageref">110</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Rāe bel</i> (flower), <a href="#pb6" class= -"pageref">6</a> and n. 2.</p> -<p class="par">Rāgho Dās Kachhwāha killed at Ahmadabad -battle, <a href="#pb43" class="pageref">43</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Raḥman-dād, younger son of Khankhanan, given -suitable mansab, <a href="#pb222" class="pageref">222</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Railings in the public audience hall, construction of, -<a href="#pb242" class="pageref">242</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rājmahendra, Raja of, <a href="#pb433" class= -"pageref">433</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rājū, Sikh, put to death, <a href="#pb73" -class="pageref">73</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Rākhī</i> (bracelet), custom of wearing, -<a href="#pb244" class="pageref">244</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rām Chand, Bandīlah, capture of, <a href= -"#pb82" class="pageref">82</a>;<br> -released, <a href="#pb87" class="pageref">87</a>;<br> -Jahāngīr marries his daughter, <a href="#pb160" class= -"pageref">160</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rām Dās Kachhwāha, promoted to rank of -3,000, <a href="#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>, <a href="#pb29" class= -"pageref">29</a>;<br> -to receive fief, <a href="#pb128" class="pageref">128</a>;<br> -at tiger-hunt, <a href="#pb186" class="pageref">186</a>;<br> -sent to accompany ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān, <a href="#pb201" -class="pageref">201</a>–2;<br> -given Ranthanbūr, <a href="#pb202" class="pageref">202</a>;<br> -advice unheeded, <a href="#pb220" class="pageref">220</a>;<br> -sent to adjust disputes between Qilīj and Amirs, given horse, -robes, and 30,000 rupees for expenses, <a href="#pb233" class= -"pageref">233</a>;<br> -reported death of, <a href="#pb252" class="pageref">252</a>;<br> -made Raja, <a href="#pb379" class="pageref">379</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb418" class="pageref">418</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rāmsar in Ajmir, <a href="#pb342" class= -"pageref">342</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rānā Amar Singh, <a href="#pb249" class= -"pageref">249</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Amar Singh.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Rang</i>, kind of goat (ibex), description of, -<a href="#pb109" class="pageref">109</a>, <a href="#pb122" class= -"pageref">122</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rankatta, village, <a href="#pb139" class= -"pageref">139</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Ras͟hīd K͟hān, <a href="#pb402" -class="pageref">402</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ratan, son of Bhoj-hāra, waits on -Jahāngīr and presents valuable elephants, given title of -Sarbuland Rāy, <a href="#pb140" class="pageref">140</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Raus͟hanīs or Tārīkīs, <a href= -"#pb253" class="pageref">253</a> and n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Rāwal Sāl Darbāri, given flags, <a href= -"#pb17" class="pageref">17</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb494" -href="#pb494" name="pb494">494</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Rāwal Samarsī, of Bānswāla, <a href= -"#pb379" class="pageref">379</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rāwalpindī, <a href="#pb98" class= -"pageref">98</a>;<br> -hunting at, <a href="#pb129" class="pageref">129</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rāy ʿAlī Bhatī, killed in Gujarat, -<a href="#pb50" class="pageref">50</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rāy Mān, captain of Khidmatiya, <a href= -"#pb414" class="pageref">414</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rāy Rāy Singh, son of Rāy Kalyān -Māl, of Bikanir, has charge of Mīrzā Muḥammad -Ḥusain, <a href="#pb44" class="pageref">44</a>;<br> -promoted to 5,000, <a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a>;<br> -his rebellion, <a href="#pb76" class="pageref">76</a>, <a href="#pb84" -class="pageref">84</a>;<br> -his misconduct in matter of K͟husrau, <a href="#pb130" class= -"pageref">130</a>–1;<br> -comes to Court and is pardoned, <a href="#pb131" class= -"pageref">131</a> and n. 1;<br> -death, <a href="#pb217" class="pageref">217</a>;<br> -wished to make Sūraj Singh his heir, <a href="#pb218" class= -"pageref">218</a>;<br> -his folly, <a href="#pb438" class="pageref">438</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Regulations (<i>dastūru-l-ʿamal</i>), <a href= -"#pb7" class="pageref">7</a>–10, <a href="#pb205" class= -"pageref">205</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Release of prisoners, <a href="#pb10" class= -"pageref">10</a> and n. 2.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Riqāʿ</i> (kind of writing), <a href= -"#pb146" class="pageref">146</a> and n. 2.</p> -<p class="par">Rodgers, C. J., quoted, <a href="#pb12" class= -"pageref">12</a> n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Rohtās, fort in Panjāb, <a href="#pb96" class= -"pageref">96</a> and n. 2.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Rohū</i> (fish), <a href="#pb414" class= -"pageref">414</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ruby, historic, <a href="#pb409" class= -"pageref">409</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rūdar, Raja of Kumaon, <a href="#pb218" class= -"pageref">218</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rūḥu-llah, <a href="#pb390" class= -"pageref">390</a>;<br> -death, <a href="#pb391" class="pageref">391</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ruknu-d-dīn, Afghan S͟haik͟h, styled -S͟hīr K͟hān, promoted, <a href="#pb17" class= -"pageref">17</a>;<br> -given Peshawar, <a href="#pb102" class="pageref">102</a>;<br> -given Gujrat in Panjab, <a href="#pb111" class="pageref">111</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr at Dhaka in Khaibar, <a href="#pb127" -class="pageref">127</a>;<br> -dies of drink, <a href="#pb134" class="pageref">134</a>–5.</p> -<p class="par">Rūp K͟hawās̤s̤, founder of -Rūpbās, presented offering, <a href="#pb166" class= -"pageref">166</a>, <a href="#pb202" class="pageref">202</a>;<br> -gets title of K͟hawāṣṣ K͟hān and made -faujdār of Qanuj, <a href="#pb224" class="pageref">224</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rūpbās, near Agra, hunting at, <a href= -"#pb166" class="pageref">166</a>;<br> -numerous antelopes at, <a href="#pb190" class="pageref">190</a>;<br> -afterwards called Amānābād, <a href="#pb247" class= -"pageref">247</a>, <a href="#pb252" class="pageref">252</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ruqayya Sult̤ān Begam, daughter of Hindāl -and first wife of Akbar, given a garden, <a href="#pb48" class= -"pageref">48</a>;<br> -brings up S͟hāh Jahan, <a href="#pb48" class= -"pageref">48</a>;<br> -visits father’s tomb at Kabul, <a href="#pb110" class= -"pageref">110</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rūs͟hanārā Begam, birth of, <a href= -"#pb389" class="pageref">389</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rustam, Mīrzā, son of Mīrzā -Sult̤ān Ḥusain, dress of honour sent to, <a href= -"#pb21" class="pageref">21</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb226" class= -"pageref">226</a>;<br> -given government of Scinde, <a href="#pb229" class="pageref">229</a>, -<a href="#pb261" class="pageref">261</a>;<br> -sent by Akbar to Deccan, <a href="#pb262" class="pageref">262</a>;<br> -sent by Jahāngīr to Scinde, <a href="#pb262" class= -"pageref">262</a> and n. 1;<br> -misconduct, <a href="#pb263" class="pageref">263</a>;<br> -pardoned, <a href="#pb265" class="pageref">265</a>;<br> -accident to, <a href="#pb403" class="pageref">403</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rustam K͟hān, servant of S͟hāh -Jahān, <a href="#pb405" class="pageref">405</a>;<br> -given garden, <a href="#pb427" class="pageref">427</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb435" class="pageref">435</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rustam-K͟hānbārī, <a href="#pb426" -class="pageref">426</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb495" href= -"#pb495" name="pb495">495</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Rūz-afzūn, of Behar, becomes Muhammadan, -<a href="#pb295" class="pageref">295</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rūzbihān S͟hirāzī, Mullā, -given money to expend on anniversary of S͟haik͟h Salīm, -<a href="#pb159" class="pageref">159</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">S</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Sābar Mahī (Sābarmatī), river -in Gujarat, <a href="#pb41" class="pageref">41</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S̤ābit K͟hān, <i>see</i> -Dayānat K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">Saʿdu-llah K͟hān, son of Saʿd -K͟hān, promoted, <a href="#pb73" class="pageref">73</a>;<br> -given elephant, <a href="#pb183" class="pageref">183</a>;<br> -styled Nawāzis͟h K͟hān, <a href="#pb197" class= -"pageref">197</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ṣādiq K͟hān, promoted, <a href= -"#pb301" class="pageref">301</a>, <a href="#pb310" class= -"pageref">310</a>, <a href="#pb372" class="pageref">372</a>;<br> -built monastery, <a href="#pb425" class="pageref">425</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ṣadr Jahān, Mīrān, to produce -deserving poor before Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb10" class= -"pageref">10</a>;<br> -promoted to 4,000, <a href="#pb22" class="pageref">22</a>;<br> -given a lakh of dāms for distribution, <a href="#pb46" class= -"pageref">46</a>;<br> -made Ṣadr, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>;<br> -promoted to 5,000, <a href="#pb140" class="pageref">140</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb293" class= -"pageref">293</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ṣafdar K͟hān, waits on -Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb164" class="pageref">164</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb167" class="pageref">167</a>;<br> -comes from Bihar, <a href="#pb200" class="pageref">200</a>, <a href= -"#pb242" class="pageref">242</a>;<br> -sent to Kashmir, <a href="#pb256" class="pageref">256</a>;<br> -dismissed, <a href="#pb303" class="pageref">303</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Saffron, cultivation of, <a href="#pb93" class= -"pageref">93</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ṣafī K͟hān, -<i>bak͟hs͟hī</i> of Gujarat, <a href="#pb420" class= -"pageref">420</a>, <a href="#pb439" class="pageref">439</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ṣafī Mīrzā, son of S͟hāh -ʿAbbās, murder of, <a href="#pb294" class= -"pageref">294</a>;<br> -reason for killing him, <a href="#pb338" class="pageref">338</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Safīd-sang, meadow of, <a href="#pb121" class= -"pageref">121</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Ṣāḥib qirānī</i>, title of -Timūr, <a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Ṣāḥibī</i>, kind of grape, -<a href="#pb5" class="pageref">5</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Saʿid K͟hān, officer appointed to -Kashmir, and opportunely reaches Lahore, <a href="#pb62" class= -"pageref">62</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Saʿīd K͟hān Chag͟hatai, -governor of Panjab, <a href="#pb13" class="pageref">13</a>;<br> -report from, <a href="#pb20" class="pageref">20</a>;<br> -directed to bring Mīrzā G͟hāzī to Court, -<a href="#pb223" class="pageref">223</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Saif K͟hān, title of ʿAlī -Aṣg͟har Bārha son of Sayyid Maḥmūd -Bārha, <a href="#pb32" class="pageref">32</a>;<br> -received seventeen wounds, <a href="#pb64" class="pageref">64</a>;<br> -promoted and made faujdār of Hisar, <a href="#pb157" class= -"pageref">157</a>;<br> -receives standard, <a href="#pb172" class="pageref">172</a>, <a href= -"#pb284" class="pageref">284</a>;<br> -death from cholera, <a href="#pb325" class="pageref">325</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Saif K͟hān Kokaltāsh, brother of Zain -K͟hān Koka, killed in battle, <a href="#pb43" class= -"pageref">43</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Salābat K͟hān, title of K͟hān -Jahān Lodī, <a href="#pb87" class="pageref">87</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Salāmu-llah, Arab, <a href="#pb158" class= -"pageref">158</a> and n. 3;<br> -sent to Deccan, <a href="#pb162" class="pageref">162</a>;<br> -promoted, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb496" href="#pb496" name= -"pb496">496</a>]</span>285, <a href="#pb297" class= -"pageref">297</a>;<br> -styled S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, <a href="#pb320" -class="pageref">320</a>, <a href="#pb397" class="pageref">397</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sālbāhan comes with Dāniyāl’s -elephants, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>. (In Muḥammad -Hādi’s preface, p. <a href="#pb11" class="pageref">11</a>, -he is called Raja Shālbāhan.)</p> -<p class="par">Sāliḥ, adopted son of K͟hwāja Beg -Ṣafawī, styled K͟hanjar K͟hān, <a href= -"#pb230" class="pageref">230</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Salīm, S͟haik͟h, of Sīkrī, -promises Akbar three sons, <a href="#pb2" class="pageref">2</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Salīm K͟hān, son of S͟hir -K͟hān, <a href="#pb88" class="pageref">88</a>, <a href= -"#pb137" class="pageref">137</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Salima Sult̤ān Begam, daughter of -Nūru-d-dīn Muḥammad and Gul-ruk͟h Begam, account -of, and death, <a href="#pb232" class="pageref">232</a> and n. 2;<br> -gave name of <i>ʿit̤r Jahāngīrī</i> to otto of -roses, <a href="#pb271" class="pageref">271</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Salīmgadh, fort in the Jumna, <a href="#pb137" -class="pageref">137</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sandal-tree, <a href="#pb7" class="pageref">7</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sāngā, Rānā, defeated by Bābar, -<a href="#pb4" class="pageref">4</a>, <a href="#pb250" class= -"pageref">250</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sāngor village, beauty of, and name changed to -Kamālpūr, <a href="#pb361" class="pageref">361</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sangrām, hill Raja, kills Rāja Mān, -<a href="#pb361" class="pageref">361</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sangrām, name of Akbar’s gun, <a href="#pb45" -class="pageref">45</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sangrām, zamindar of Bihar, killed, <a href="#pb83" -class="pageref">83</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Sāras</i> (birds), account of, <a href="#pb343" -class="pageref">343</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sarbuland Rāy promoted, <a href="#pb299" class= -"pageref">299</a>, <a href="#pb406" class="pageref">406</a>, <a href= -"#pb411" class="pageref">411</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sardār K͟hān, <i>see</i> Yādgār -K͟hwāja.</p> -<p class="par">Sar-farāz K͟hān, grandson of -Muṣāhib Beg (apparently should be Sar-āfrāz), -<a href="#pb413" class="pageref">413</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sarkhej, <a href="#pb428" class="pageref">428</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Sati</i>, custom of, referred to, <a href="#pb142" -class="pageref">142</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sayyid Muḥammad, descendant of S͟hāh -ʿĀlam, <a href="#pb422" class="pageref">422</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sayyids of Bārha, bearing of, <a href="#pb64" -class="pageref">64</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sensitive plant, <a href="#pb443" class= -"pageref">443</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hādmān, son of ʿAzīz Koka, -made K͟hān, <a href="#pb203" class="pageref">203</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hāh ʿĀlam, saint, raises the dead, -<a href="#pb421" class="pageref">421</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hāh Beg K͟hān, governor of -Qandahar, promoted to 5,000, <a href="#pb49" class= -"pageref">49</a>;<br> -reports intended Persian attack on fort, <a href="#pb70" class= -"pageref">70</a>;<br> -bravery of, <a href="#pb71" class="pageref">71</a>;<br> -defends fort and makes it over to Sardār K͟hān, <a href= -"#pb86" class="pageref">86</a>;<br> -comes to S͟hor, <a href="#pb111" class="pageref">111</a> and n. -2;<br> -recovers from illness, <a href="#pb121" class="pageref">121</a>;<br> -account of, <a href="#pb126" class="pageref">126</a>;<br> -styled K͟hān-daurān, <a href="#pb128" class= -"pageref">128</a>;<br> -offering of, <a href="#pb206" class="pageref">206</a>, <a href="#pb287" -class="pageref">287</a>–8;<br> -originally <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb497" href="#pb497" name= -"pb497">497</a>]</span>sent to Qandahar by Akbar, <a href="#pb262" -class="pageref">262</a>;<br> -present to, <a href="#pb295" class="pageref">295</a>;<br> -defeats Aḥdād, Afghan, <a href="#pb311" class= -"pageref">311</a>;<br> -transferred to Sind, <a href="#pb397" class="pageref">397</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hāh Begam, title given to -K͟husrau’s mother, daughter of Bhagwān Dās, takes -poison, <a href="#pb56" class="pageref">56</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hāh-budāg͟h K͟hān, -<a href="#pb382" class="pageref">382</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hāh Jahān, <i>see</i> K͟hurram, -Sult̤ān.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hāh Mīrzā, rebel, <a href="#pb40" -class="pageref">40</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hāh-nawāz K͟hān, <a href= -"#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Īraj.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hāh Qulī K͟hān Maḥram, -seizes Hemū, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>;<br> -his garden, <a href="#pb48" class="pageref">48</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hāh S͟hajāʿat, birth of, -<a href="#pb328" class="pageref">328</a>;<br> -he was born on the eve of Sunday, the 12th Tir = June 24th, 1616.</p> -<p class="par">Shahabad in Rājputana, <a href="#pb252" class= -"pageref">252</a> and note.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hahr-ārā garden at Kabul, <a href= -"#pb105" class="pageref">105</a>–6, <a href="#pb111" class= -"pageref">111</a>, <a href="#pb121" class="pageref">121</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hahr-bānū, aunt of Bābar, maker of -S͟hahr-ārā garden, <a href="#pb106" class= -"pageref">106</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hāhruk͟h, Mīrzā, of -Badakhshan, son of Ibrāhīm, grandson of Sulaimān, -account of, <a href="#pb26" class="pageref">26</a>–7;<br> -given province of Malwa, <a href="#pb27" class="pageref">27</a>;<br> -death, <a href="#pb119" class="pageref">119</a>;<br> -account of family, <a href="#pb119" class="pageref">119</a>;<br> -his seven children brought to Court, <a href="#pb137" class= -"pageref">137</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hahryār, son of Jahāngīr, <a href= -"#pb20" class="pageref">20</a> and n. 1;<br> -comes from Gujarat, <a href="#pb156" class="pageref">156</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hāhzāda K͟hānam, daughter of -Akbar, born three months after Jahāngīr, made over to Maryam -Makānī, <a href="#pb34" class="pageref">34</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, title of -Kabīr Chis͟htī, <a href="#pb29" class= -"pageref">29</a>;<br> -in battle at Ahmadabad, <a href="#pb44" class="pageref">44</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb113" class="pageref">113</a>;<br> -promoted and sent to Bengal, <a href="#pb192" class= -"pageref">192</a>;<br> -account of battle against ʿUs̤mān, Afghan, <a href= -"#pb209" class="pageref">209</a>–14;<br> -receives title of Rustam-zamān, <a href="#pb214" class= -"pageref">214</a>;<br> -death of, <a href="#pb227" class="pageref">227</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hajāʿat K͟hān, title of -Salāmu-llah, Arab (<i>which see</i>), <a href="#pb320" class= -"pageref">320</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb439" class="pageref">439</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hajāʿat K͟hān Dakhanī, -<a href="#pb171" class="pageref">171</a>, <a href="#pb176" class= -"pageref">176</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hakaru-n-nisā, daughter of Akbar, character -of, <a href="#pb36" class="pageref">36</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>S͟hāk͟hband</i>, a kind of fence, -<a href="#pb129" class="pageref">129</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hams K͟hān Gakkhar, <a href="#pb130" -class="pageref">130</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hamsu-d-dīn, son of ʿAzīz Koka, -made Jahāngīr Qulī K͟hān, <i>which -see</i>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hamsu-d-dīn K͟hwāfī, officer -of Akbar, <a href="#pb100" class="pageref">100</a>, <a href="#pb101" -class="pageref">101</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hankar, Rānā, son of Udai Singh, cousin -of the Rānā, <a href="#pb16" class="pageref">16</a>;<br> -promoted, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb498" href="#pb498" name= -"pb498">498</a>]</span>112;<br> -given 12,000 and 30,000 rupees, <a href="#pb49" class="pageref">49</a>, -<a href="#pb58" class="pageref">58</a>;<br> -his son promoted, <a href="#pb178" class="pageref">178</a>;<br> -temple destroyed, <a href="#pb254" class="pageref">254</a>;<br> -tank, <a href="#pb268" class="pageref">268</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hāpūr, son of K͟hwājagī -K͟hwāja, <a href="#pb218" class="pageref">218</a>;<br> -perhaps a nephew of G͟hiyās̤, but -Maʾās̤ir, i, <a href="#pb180" class="pageref">180</a>, -calls him son of Iʿtimādu-d-daula, and it may be another name -for Iʿtiqād.</p> -<p class="par">S͟harafu-d-dīn Kās͟hg͟harī -promoted, <a href="#pb372" class="pageref">372</a>;<br> -sent to Bangash, <a href="#pb408" class="pageref">408</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟harīf, son of Iʿtimādu-d-daula, -plots with K͟husrau, <a href="#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>;<br> -put to death, <a href="#pb123" class="pageref">123</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟harīf Āmulī, account of, <a href= -"#pb47" class="pageref">47</a>–8;<br> -receives 2,000 rupees, <a href="#pb61" class="pageref">61</a>;<br> -9,000 rupees, <a href="#pb81" class="pageref">81</a>;<br> -and 12,000 rupees, <a href="#pb101" class="pageref">101</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟harīf K͟hān, -Amīru-l-umarā, son of ʿAbdu-ṣ-Ṣamad, couplet -by, <a href="#pb11" class="pageref">11</a>;<br> -account of, <a href="#pb14" class="pageref">14</a> and n. 2, <a href= -"#pb15" class="pageref">15</a>;<br> -seal entrusted to, <a href="#pb18" class="pageref">18</a>;<br> -remark of, <a href="#pb25" class="pageref">25</a>–6;<br> -employed to quell riot, <a href="#pb29" class="pageref">29</a>;<br> -directed to pursue K͟husrau, <a href="#pb52" class= -"pageref">52</a>;<br> -recalled, <a href="#pb53" class="pageref">53</a>;<br> -left ill at Lahore, <a href="#pb82" class="pageref">82</a>;<br> -at Attock, <a href="#pb101" class="pageref">101</a>;<br> -gets worse, <a href="#pb103" class="pageref">103</a>;<br> -recovers, <a href="#pb121" class="pageref">121</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr at Chandālah, <a href="#pb130" class= -"pageref">130</a>;<br> -sent to Deccan, <a href="#pb156" class="pageref">156</a>;<br> -verse by, <a href="#pb228" class="pageref">228</a>;<br> -death in Deccan, <a href="#pb231" class="pageref">231</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hauqī, mandolin-player, <a href="#pb331" -class="pageref">331</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hihābu-d-dīn Aḥmad -K͟hān, officer of Akbar, <a href="#pb430" class= -"pageref">430</a>–1.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hīr K͟hān, ruler of Bengal, -<a href="#pb367" class="pageref">367</a>.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hīr-afgan, title given by Jahāngīr -to ʿAlī Qulī Istājlū, husband of -Nūr-Jahān, <a href="#pb113" class="pageref">113</a>;<br> -account of him and of his killing Qut̤bu-d-dīn, <a href= -"#pb113" class="pageref">113</a>–15.</p> -<p class="par">S͟hukru-llah, Mullā, S͟hāh -Jahān’s diwan, <a href="#pb273" class="pageref">273</a>, -<a href="#pb274" class="pageref">274</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Afẓal K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">Shyām Rām, riot by, <a href="#pb29" class= -"pageref">29</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Shyām Singh, cousin of Umrā, <a href="#pb140" -class="pageref">140</a>–1;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb222" class="pageref">222</a>, <a href="#pb281" -class="pageref">281</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sikandar Muʿīn, ordered to build fort at -Jahāngīrpūr (S͟haik͟hūpūra), -<a href="#pb91" class="pageref">91</a>;<br> -helps Jahāngīr to shoot nilgaw, <a href="#pb268" class= -"pageref">268</a>;<br> -buried at Rānā S͟hankar’s tank, having died at -Udaipur, <a href="#pb268" class="pageref">268</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sikandar Munshī, author, <a href="#pb427" class= -"pageref">427</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sikandra, building of, <a href="#pb152" class= -"pageref">152</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Siyar al-mutaʾak͟hk͟hirīn, quoted, -<a href="#pb7" class="pageref">7</a> note.</p> -<p class="par">Solar weighments, <a href="#pb230" class= -"pageref">230</a>, <a href="#pb248" class="pageref">248</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Spider, large, <a href="#pb117" class="pageref">117</a>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb499" href="#pb499" name= -"pb499">499</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Squirrel, flying, <a href="#pb104" class= -"pageref">104</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Statues, marble, of Rānā and son, erected at -Agra, <a href="#pb332" class="pageref">332</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Subh Karan, maternal uncle of Rānā Amar, -<a href="#pb273" class="pageref">273</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Subḥān Qulī, Turk, <a href="#pb41" -class="pageref">41</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sudras, Hindu caste, <a href="#pb245" class= -"pageref">245</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Sufra</i> net, <a href="#pb99" class= -"pageref">99</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sulaimān Beg, <a href="#pb131" class= -"pageref">131</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Fidāʾī K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">Sult̤ān, Mīrzā, son of -S͟hāhruk͟h, favoured by Jahāngīr, <a href= -"#pb24" class="pageref">24</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sult̤ān K͟hurram, i.e. S͟hāh -Jahān, <i>see</i> K͟hurram Bābā.</p> -<p class="par">Sult̤ān Maḥmūd, son-in-law of -K͟hwāja Abū-l-ḥasan, <a href="#pb382" class= -"pageref">382</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sult̤ān Maḥmūd Bīgara, -<a href="#pb429" class="pageref">429</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sult̤ān S͟hāh, Afghan, shot to death -with arrows, <a href="#pb134" class="pageref">134</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sult̤ānu-n-nisā, eldest child of -Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb15" class="pageref">15</a> and n. -1.</p> -<p class="par">Sundar Dās, styled Rāy Rāyān, -<a href="#pb273" class="pageref">273</a>, <a href="#pb274" class= -"pageref">274</a>, <a href="#pb368" class="pageref">368</a>;<br> -styled Bikramājīt, <a href="#pb402" class= -"pageref">402</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sūraj Mal, son of Rāja Bāso, <a href= -"#pb283" class="pageref">283</a>, <a href="#pb311" class= -"pageref">311</a>, <a href="#pb337" class="pageref">337</a>, <a href= -"#pb388" class="pageref">388</a>, <a href="#pb393" class= -"pageref">393</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sūraj Singh, Rāja, maternal uncle of -K͟hurram Bābā (S͟hāh Jahān), <a href= -"#pb140" class="pageref">140</a>–1;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb153" class="pageref">153</a>;<br> -fights with his brother, <a href="#pb291" class="pageref">291</a>;<br> -sent to Deccan, <a href="#pb293" class="pageref">293</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sūraj Singh, son of Rāy Rāy Singh, -younger brother of Dulīp, <a href="#pb218" class= -"pageref">218</a>, <a href="#pb259" class="pageref">259</a>;<br> -offering of, <a href="#pb282" class="pageref">282</a>–3, <a href= -"#pb288" class="pageref">288</a>;<br> -presents elephants, <a href="#pb289" class="pageref">289</a>;<br> -given one in, return, <a href="#pb290" class="pageref">290</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb288" class="pageref">288</a>, <a href="#pb301" -class="pageref">301</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Surk͟hāb, discovery of plot at, <a href= -"#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sylhet, eunuchs in, <a href="#pb150" class= -"pageref">150</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">T</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Taḥayyur K͟hān, <a href="#pb288" -class="pageref">288</a>. The name appears as Bāk͟htar or -Chattar in I.O. MSS.</p> -<p class="par">T̤āhir, <i>bak͟hs͟hī</i> of -Bengal, makes offering, <a href="#pb371" class="pageref">371</a>.</p> -<p class="par">T̤āhir Beg, styled Muk͟hliṣ -K͟hān, <i>bak͟hs͟hī</i> of the Ahadis, -<a href="#pb146" class="pageref">146</a>;<br> -<i>bak͟hs͟hī</i> of Deccan, <a href="#pb149" class= -"pageref">149</a>.</p> -<p class="par">T̤ahmāsp, king of Persia, anecdote of, -<a href="#pb124" class="pageref">124</a>;<br> -gives sister in marriage to Niʿmatu-llah, <a href="#pb131" class= -"pageref">131</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tahmūras̤, son of Dāniyāl, <a href= -"#pb75" class="pageref">75</a>;<br> -marries Bihār Bānū, <a href="#pb19" class= -"pageref">19</a> n. 3.</p> -<p class="par">Tāj K͟hān Tariyānī, <a href= -"#pb422" class="pageref">422</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tak͟hta Beg Kābulī, <a href="#pb31" -class="pageref">31</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tān Sen Kalāwant, musician, <a href="#pb413" -class="pageref">413</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb500" href= -"#pb500" name="pb500">500</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Taqiyyā S͟hūstarī, Mullā, -<a href="#pb146" class="pageref">146</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tarbiyat K͟hān, title of -ʿAbdu-r-Raḥīm, son of Qāsim K͟hān, -paymaster of Ahadis, <a href="#pb116" class="pageref">116</a>;<br> -receives title of Tarbiyat, <a href="#pb149" class= -"pageref">149</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb153" class="pageref">153</a>;<br> -made faujdār of Alwar, <a href="#pb178" class= -"pageref">178</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb236" class="pageref">236</a>, <a href="#pb320" -class="pageref">320</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tardī Beg K͟hān, defeated and put to -death, <a href="#pb39" class="pageref">39</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tardī K͟hān Dīwāna, at battle -of Ahmadabad, <a href="#pb42" class="pageref">42</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tās͟h Beg Furjī (should be -Qūrchī), styled by Akbar Tāj K͟hān, promoted -to 3,000, <a href="#pb31" class="pageref">31</a>;<br> -left at Kabul, <a href="#pb121" class="pageref">121</a>;<br> -removed from Multan, <a href="#pb166" class="pageref">166</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb178" class="pageref">178</a>, <a href="#pb226" -class="pageref">226</a>, <a href="#pb261" class="pageref">261</a>;<br> -appointed to Bhakar, <a href="#pb261" class="pageref">261</a>;<br> -death, <a href="#pb267" class="pageref">267</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Tasū</i> (measure), <a href="#pb177" class= -"pageref">177</a> and note. The note is wrong, instead of one-third of -an inch read one and a third inch.</p> -<p class="par">Tātār K͟hān, offering of, <a href= -"#pb318" class="pageref">318</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tekchand, Raja of Kumaon, <a href="#pb227" class= -"pageref">227</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Teufel, Dr., quoted, <a href="#pb110" class= -"pageref">110</a> n. 1.</p> -<p class="par">Thief, story of, <a href="#pb432" class= -"pageref">432</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tiger, strange story of, <a href="#pb157" class= -"pageref">157</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tigress’s milk, <a href="#pb240" class= -"pageref">240</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tīmūr, picture of, <a href="#pb154" class= -"pageref">154</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Toḍar Mal, his son Rāja Kalyān honoured, -<a href="#pb402" class="pageref">402</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Tomān</i>, value of, <a href="#pb3" class= -"pageref">3</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Topchī</i> (gunner), <a href="#pb23" class= -"pageref">23</a> note.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Topk͟hāna-i-rikāb</i>, <a href="#pb22" -class="pageref">22</a> n. 3.</p> -<p class="par">Trees, large, <a href="#pb353" class="pageref">353</a>, -<a href="#pb360" class="pageref">360</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Trimbāwatī, old name of Cambay, <a href= -"#pb416" class="pageref">416</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tughluq, Sult̤ān Muḥammad, built fort at -Dhār, <a href="#pb407" class="pageref">407</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Turkey, bird, account of, <a href="#pb216" class= -"pageref">216</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Turquoises, <a href="#pb238" class= -"pageref">238</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">U</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Ūdā Rām, <a href="#pb398" class= -"pageref">398</a>–9;<br> -presents to, <a href="#pb408" class="pageref">408</a>, <a href="#pb409" -class="pageref">409</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ulug͟h Beg, a jade jar of, <a href="#pb146" class= -"pageref">146</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿUmar K͟hān, grandfather of -K͟hān Jahān Lodī, <a href="#pb88" class= -"pageref">88</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ʿUs̤mān, Afghan<span class="corr" id= -"xd24e22157" title="Source: .">,</span> <a href="#pb209" class= -"pageref">209</a>–15.</p> -<p class="par">Ūymāqs, <a href="#pb119" class= -"pageref">119</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Aimāqs.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">V</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Vīr-nāg, spring in Kashmir, <a href= -"#pb92" class="pageref">92</a>, <a href="#pb93" class="pageref">93</a>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb501" href="#pb501" name= -"pb501">501</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">W</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Wagtail’s nest, <a href="#pb383" class= -"pageref">383</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Waisī, K͟hwāja, diwan of -Sult̤ān K͟hurram, reveals K͟husrau’s plot, -<a href="#pb122" class="pageref">122</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Wajīhu-d-dīn, Gujarati saint, <a href="#pb128" -class="pageref">128</a>, <a href="#pb425" class= -"pageref">425</a>–6.</p> -<p class="par">Walī, brother of ʿUs̤mān, <a href= -"#pb212" class="pageref">212</a>, <a href="#pb213" class= -"pageref">213</a>, <a href="#pb230" class="pageref">230</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Wālī, Mīrzā, son of -Najību-n-nisā, promoted, <a href="#pb144" class= -"pageref">144</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Walī Bī Ūzbeg, faujdār of Multan, -<a href="#pb166" class="pageref">166</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Walī Muḥammad K͟hān, ruler of -Tūrān, <a href="#pb118" class="pageref">118</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Waqārī, pen-name of Mīrzā -G͟hāzī, <a href="#pb133" class="pageref">133</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Wazīr Jamīl, promoted, <a href="#pb17" class= -"pageref">17</a>;<br> -given 7,000 rupees, <a href="#pb61" class="pageref">61</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Wazīr K͟hān, <i>see</i> Muqīm -K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">Weights and measures, <a href="#pb12" class= -"pageref">12</a>, <a href="#pb197" class="pageref">197</a>, <a href= -"#pb417" class="pageref">417</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Wulūr Lake, Kashmir, <a href="#pb94" class= -"pageref">94</a>–5.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">Y</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Yādgār, K͟hwāja, brother of -ʿAbdu-llah K͟hān Firūz-jang and father of the -historian Kāmgār Ḥusainī, comes from Gujarat and -gets title of Sardār K͟hān, <a href="#pb237" class= -"pageref">237</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Yādgār ʿAlī K͟hān, Persian -ambassador, receives muhr (silver?) of 1,000 tolas in weight, <a href= -"#pb237" class="pageref">237</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Yādgār Beg Qūrchī, of Transoxiana, -makes offering, <a href="#pb379" class="pageref">379</a>;<br> -given presents and title, <a href="#pb386" class="pageref">386</a>, -<a href="#pb404" class="pageref">404</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Yādgār Ḥusain Qūs͟h-begi, -<a href="#pb404" class="pageref">404</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Yādgār K͟hwāja of Samarkand, -presents an album, <a href="#pb164" class="pageref">164</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Yaʿqūb Badak͟hs͟hī, promoted -for bravery and given title of K͟hān, <a href="#pb244" class= -"pageref">244</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb372" class="pageref">372</a>. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb502" href="#pb502" name="pb502">502</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Yildirīm Bāyazīd, Sultan of Turkey, -<a href="#pb145" class="pageref">145</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Yūsuf and Zulaik͟hā, splendid copy, -<a href="#pb168" class="pageref">168</a> and note.</p> -<p class="par">Yūsuf K͟hān, son of Ḥusain -Tukriyah, promoted, <a href="#pb146" class="pageref">146</a>, <a href= -"#pb375" class="pageref">375</a>, <a href="#pb404" class= -"pageref">404</a>;<br> -sent to Deccan, <a href="#pb184" class="pageref">184</a>;<br> -waited on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb189" class= -"pageref">189</a>;<br> -standard sent to, <a href="#pb255" class="pageref">255</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main">Z</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">Zafar K͟hān, son of Zain K͟hān -Koka, Attock given to, <a href="#pb100" class="pageref">100</a>, -<a href="#pb111" class="pageref">111</a>;<br> -does good service, <a href="#pb127" class="pageref">127</a>;<br> -arranges ring-hunt, <a href="#pb129" class="pageref">129</a>;<br> -receives dress, <a href="#pb147" class="pageref">147</a>;<br> -promoted, <a href="#pb160" class="pageref">160</a>, <a href="#pb310" -class="pageref">310</a>;<br> -comes from Gujarat, <a href="#pb231" class="pageref">231</a>;<br> -appointed to Behar, <a href="#pb231" class="pageref">231</a>;<br> -sent for, <a href="#pb284" class="pageref">284</a>;<br> -waits on Jahāngīr, <a href="#pb306" class= -"pageref">306</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Zāhid, son of S͟hajāʿat -K͟hān, promoted, <a href="#pb405" class= -"pageref">405</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Zāhid K͟hān, son of S̤ādiq, -promoted, <a href="#pb17" class="pageref">17</a>;<br> -raised to rank of 2,000, <a href="#pb46" class="pageref">46</a>;<br> -defeats Dulīp, <a href="#pb84" class="pageref">84</a>;<br> -servant of S͟hāh Jahān, <a href="#pb441" class= -"pageref">441</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Zain K͟hān Koka, Akbar’s foster-brother, -<a href="#pb19" class="pageref">19</a>;<br> -built Naus͟hahr fort on the Kāma, <a href="#pb102" class= -"pageref">102</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Zain-lankā, island in Wulūr Lake, <a href= -"#pb94" class="pageref">94</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Zainu-d-dīn, K͟hwāja, comes from -Transoxiana, <a href="#pb289" class="pageref">289</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Zainu-l-ʿābidīn, Sult̤ān, king -of Kashmir, <a href="#pb94" class="pageref">94</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Zamāna Beg, <a href="#pb24" class= -"pageref">24</a>.<br> -<i>See</i> Mahābat K͟hān.</p> -<p class="par">Ẓiyāʾu-d-dīn of Qazwīn, -promoted and made accountant of stables, <a href="#pb25" class= -"pageref">25</a>;<br> -receives title of Muṣt̤afā K͟hān and given -parganah of Maldah in Bengal, <a href="#pb360" class= -"pageref">360</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ẕū-l-faqār K͟hān, title of -Muhammad Beg, <a href="#pb275" class="pageref">275</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="transcribernote"> -<h2 class="main">Colophon</h2> -<h3 class="main">Availability</h3> -<p class="par first">This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no -cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give -it away or re-use it under the terms of the <a class="seclink xd24e51" -title="External link" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/license" rel= -"license">Project Gutenberg License</a> included with this eBook or -online at <a class="seclink xd24e51" title="External link" href= -"https://www.gutenberg.org/" rel="home">www.gutenberg.org</a>.</p> -<p class="par">This eBook is produced by the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at <a class="exlink xd24e51" title="External link" -href="http://www.pgdp.net/">www.pgdp.net</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Scans for this book are available on-line from the -Internet Archive (copy <a class="seclink xd24e51" title="External link" -href= -"https://archive.org/details/tuzukijahangirio00jahauoft">1</a>).</p> -<p class="par">An alternative edition is available from <a class= -"exlink xd24e51" title="External link" href= -"http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=11001080&ct=0">The -Packard Humanities Institute</a>.</p> -<h3 class="main">Metadata</h3> -<table class="colophonMetadata"> -<tr> -<td><b>Title:</b></td> -<td>The Tūzuk-i-Jahāngīrī, Or: Memoirs of -Jahāngīr, volume 1 of 2</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><b>Author:</b></td> -<td>Jahāngīr (1569–1627)</td> -<td><a href="https://viaf.org/viaf/38320916" class= -"seclink">Info</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><b>Editor:</b></td> -<td>Henry Beveridge (1837–1929)</td> -<td><a href="https://viaf.org/viaf/42076979" class= -"seclink">Info</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><b>Translator:</b></td> -<td>Alexander Rogers (1825–1911)</td> -<td><a href="https://viaf.org/viaf/15169887" class= -"seclink">Info</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><b>Language:</b></td> -<td>English</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><b>Original publication date:</b></td> -<td>1909</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><b>Keywords:</b></td> -<td>India -- History 1526-1765</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td>India -- Kings and rulers -- Biography</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td>Jahangir, -- Emperor of Hindustan, -- 1569-1627</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td>Mogul Empire</td> -<td></td> -</tr> -</table> -<h3>Catalog entries</h3> -<table class="catalogEntries"> -<tr> -<td>Related WorldCat catalog page:</td> -<td><a href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2696773" class= -"seclink">2696773</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Related Open Library catalog page (for source):</td> -<td><a href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL22895796M" class= -"seclink">OL22895796M</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td>Related Open Library catalog page (for work):</td> -<td><a href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL371088W" class= -"seclink">OL371088W</a></td> -</tr> -</table> -<h3 class="main">Encoding</h3> -<p class="par first">The various quote-like symbols have been encoded -as follows:</p> -<div class="table"> -<table> -<thead> -<tr class="label"> -<td class="cellHeadLeft cellHeadTop cellHeadBottom">Encoding</td> -<td class="cellHeadTop cellHeadBottom">Appearance</td> -<td class="cellHeadRight cellHeadTop cellHeadBottom">Meaning</td> -</tr> -</thead> -<tbody> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">&lsquo;</td> -<td class="xd24e105">‘</td> -<td class="cellRight">Left single quote.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">&rsquo;</td> -<td class="xd24e105">’</td> -<td class="cellRight">Right single quote.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">&apos;</td> -<td class="xd24e105">’</td> -<td class="cellRight">Apostrophe.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">&prime;</td> -<td class="xd24e105">′</td> -<td class="cellRight">Single prime.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">&hamza;</td> -<td class="xd24e105">ʾ</td> -<td class="cellRight">Representation of the Arabic letter hamza.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">&ayin;</td> -<td class="xd24e105 cellBottom">ʿ</td> -<td class="cellRight cellBottom">Representation of the Arabic letter -ayin.</td> -</tr> -</tbody> -</table> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -<h3 class="main">Revision History</h3> -<ul> -<li>2011-10-08 Started.</li> -</ul> -<h3 class="main">External References</h3> -<p>This Project Gutenberg eBook contains external references. These -links may not work for you.</p> -<h3 class="main">Corrections</h3> -<p>The following corrections have been applied to the text:</p> -<table class="correctiontable" summary= -"Overview of corrections applied to the text."> -<tr> -<th>Page</th> -<th>Source</th> -<th>Correction</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e307">xiv</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Munshi</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Munshī</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e310">xiv</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">As</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">At</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e1226">9</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">manṣabs</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">mansabs</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e1763">23</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Turki</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Turkī</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e2794">70</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd24e22157">500</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">,</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e2799">71</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Mirza</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Mīrzā</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e2886">75</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Shīr Afgan</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Shīr-Afgan</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e3021">84</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Sankar</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">S͟hankar</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e3042">85</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">”</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e3426">104</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Musulmān</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Musulman</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e3605">111</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd24e4279">143</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd24e4815">184</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd24e10189">451</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">,</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e4058">134</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">karori</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">karorī</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e4304">145</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd24e5793">245</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd24e6544">299</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd24e6823">313</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd24e7266">334</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd24e9035">421</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd24e15629">475</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e5009">197</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Kkankhanan</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Khankhanan</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e5031">199</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">of</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">off</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e5489">226</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">,</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e5580">232</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Ẕī-qaʿda</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Ẕī-l-qaʿda</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e5584">232</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Khan</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">K͟hān</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e5612">234</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Abū-l-baqā</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Abū-l-Baqā</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e14704">471</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">:</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">;</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e15052">472</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Abūl-l-faẓl’s</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Abū-l-faẓl’s</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e15312">474</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">,</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">;</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd24e15769">475</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Abūl-l-faẓl</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Abū-l-faẓl</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -</div> - 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