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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of War Department Technical Manual TM 3-376 A,, by 

-War Department

-

-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most

-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions

-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of

-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at

-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have

-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.

-

-

-

-Title: War Department Technical Manual TM 3-376 A,

-       Portable Flame Thrower M2-2

-

-Author: War Department

-

-Release Date: December 5, 2016 [EBook #53669]

-

-Language: English

-

-Character set encoding: UTF-8

-

-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PORTABLE FLAME THROWER ***

-

-

-

-

-Produced by deaurider, Brian Wilcox and the Online

-Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This

-file was produced from images generously made available

-by The Internet Archive)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-Transcriber’s Notes

-

-The spelling, hyphenation and punctuation is as the original, with the

-exception of apparent typographical errors.

-

-  Italic text is denoted as _underscore_.

-  Bold text is denoted as =equals sign=.

-  Underlined text is also denoted as _underscore_, Generally used at

-  beginning of paragraphs.

-

-

-

-

-  _War Department Technical Manual_

-  _TM 3-376A_

-

-

-  PORTABLE

-  FLAME THROWER

-  M2-2

-

-[Illustration: Printer’s mark]

-

-

-_RESTRICTED_

-

-  DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER. The information contained in

-  restricted documents and the essential characteristics of restricted

-  material may be given to any person known to be in the service of

-  the United States and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discretion

-  who are cooperating in Government work, but will not be communicated

-  to the public or to the press except by authorized military public

-  relations agencies. (See also par. 18b, AR 380-5, 28 Sep 1942.)

-

-

-_War Department - 16 May 1944_

-

-_Washington, D. C._

-

-

-

-

-  WAR DEPARTMENT,

-  Washington, 25, D. C. 16 May 1944

-

-TM 3-376A, Portable Flame Thrower M2-2 is published for the information

-and guidance of all concerned.

-

-[A. G. 300.7 (21 March 44)]

-

-By order of the Secretary of War:

-

-  G. C. MARSHALL,

-  _Chief of Staff_.

-

-  Official:

-  J. A. ULIO,

-  _Major General_,

-  _The Adjutant General_.

-

-

-Distribution:

-

-  R & H (5); Bn 2, 7, 17 (2); C & H 3 (5); IC & H 5 (5); C 2, 7, 17

-  (2); X. ID: T/O & E 72T, Light Div; 17, Armd Div; IR: T/O 5-192, Hq

-  & Hq Co, Engr Comb Gr; 5-171, Engr Comb Regt; IBn: T/O 5-15, Engr

-  Comb Bn; 5-35, Engr Bn Sep; 5-175, Engr Bn, Comb Regt; 5-215, Armd

-  Engr Bn; 5-475T, Engr Bn, Light Div; IC: T/O 5-16, Hq & Hq & Sv Co,

-  Engr Combat Bn; 5-17, Engr Comb Co; 5-192, Hq & Hq Co, Engr Comb Gr;

-  5-36, Hq & Hq & Sv Co, Engr Bn (Sep); 5-37, Co, Engr Bn (Sep); 5-176,

-  Hq & Hq Det, Engr Bn, Engr Comb Regt; 5-216, Hq & Hq Co, Armd Engr

-  Bn; 5-217, Co, Armd Engr Bn; 5-476T, Hq & Hq Co, Engr Bn, Light Div;

-  5477-T, Co, Engr Bn, Light Div.

-

-(For explanation of symbols see Par 26, FM 21-6)

-

-

-

-

-TECHNICAL MANUAL

-

-PORTABLE FLAME THROWER M2-2

-

-  WAR DEPARTMENT

-  WASHINGTON, 25, D. C., 16 May 1945

-

-

-  CHANGES}

-  No. 1  }

-

-

-  TM 3-376A, 16 May 1944, is changed as follows:

-

-

-=10. ITEMS WITH EACH FLAME THROWER.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-  _b. Kit, spare parts, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly

-  B81-6-=190=._

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-  _g._ (Added). Army Service Forces Catalog CW 7-440114, Organizational

-  Spare Parts and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons: for Flame Thrower,

-  Portable, M2-2.

-

-  Fig. 8. Contents of tool kit:

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-    B. 1 Wrench, hex, * * * set screws, H22-49-12.

-

-      =2 Wrench, hex, 5/32-inch across flats for 5/16-inch socket-head

-      set screws, H22-49-140.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-  Fig 9. Contents of spare parts kit:

-

-    F. (Added). 3 Tubes, deflector, A81-1-501. (See fig. 39.)

-

-    G. (Added). 3 Locknuts, pipe, hex, 1/8-inch, H98-5-382 (for use

-        with deflector tube). (See fig. 39.)

-

-    H. (Added). 1 Support, diaphragm, A81-1-428. (See fig. 47.)

-

-

-=12. NEW EQUIPMENT.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_m._ (Added). New gun may be received with valve spring removed from

-barrel and valve assembly. Spring comes tied to barrel. This is done to

-prevent strain on valve diaphragm assembly caused by pressure of spring

-in gun during storage and shipment. When weapon is being prepared for

-operation, spring must be untied from barrel and installed in gun, as

-described in paragraph 75.

-

-_n._ (Added). Pressure regulator may be shipped at zero adjustment

-to prevent possibility of strain on diaphragm during shipment and

-storage. A regulator shipped in this condition has a tag (tied to the

-tank coupling) stating that the regulator is not set. When weapon

-is received in this condition, it must be adjusted as described in

-paragraph 67 before it can be operated.

-

-

-  Footnote:

-

-  =*These changes supersede TB 3-376A-1, 19 October 1944.=

-

-

-=15. TRAINING.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_b. Use of water in training._ Water may be used (instead of fuel)

-for elementary practice firing. Ignition cylinders are * * * piece,

-and lubricated (Par. 49). =Use of water, however, should always be

-supplemented by firing ignited fuel because water does not give a

-correct impression of stream and flame characteristics.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-

-=17. CONNECTING TANK GROUP AND GUN GROUP.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_a._ Place the new * * * to 2 minutes. =Slight pressure sometimes

-builds up in the fuel tanks, even though the pressure-tank valve has

-not been opened, and causes some overflow of fuel when the coupling

-plug is removed. This pressure may be relieved by—=

-

-    =(1) Standing the tank group upright.=

-

-    =(2) Slightly opening filling plug on top of fuel tanks to

-    bleed the pressure.=

-

-    =(3) Closing the opening at filling plug and tightening it

-    with wrench.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-

-=18. LOADING WITH IGNITION CYLINDER.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-  _b. Precautions._ Care must be * * * front of gun. =Do not ignite

-  the ignition cartridge until the weapon is to be fired at the

-  target.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-

-=30. AFTER FIRING.=

-

-  When the firer * * * mission, he should:

-

-_a._ =First=, remove and discard the ignition cylinder, =as the

-ignition cylinder should never be present when blowing out fuel or

-after blowing out fuel except when preparing for a new mission. To

-remove cylinder, proceed= as follows:

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_b._ Close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle clockwise

-(to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank) =only if additional

-shots are to be fired before refilling and recharging=.

-

-_c._ =If no additional shots are to be fired before refilling

-and recharging, open pressure-tank valve by turning handle

-counterclockwise.= Point the gun away from personnel and blow out the

-remaining fuel =and pressure=, if any, from the fuel tanks by squeezing

-the valve lever and grip safety until there is no further discharge.

-The trigger should not be used during this operation. =Then close the

-pressure-tank valve to prevent entrance of foreign matter into the

-pressure system.=

-

-_d._ (Superseded). Carefully remove tank group from the back. This may

-be done most easily by sitting or squatting with back to a tree stump,

-flat rock, packing box, or other object. Release the body and shoulder

-straps and ease tank group off the back. Avoid dropping equipment on

-the ground as this may damage it.

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-

-=31. IGNITION CYLINDER.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_c. Packing._ Ignition cylinders are * * * each flame thrower. Fifty

-cans (100 ignition cylinders) are contained in each =ignition cylinder=

-packing box. =Wooden packing box with contents weighs approximately 50

-to 55 pounds. Outside dimensions of the box are approximately 16-1/4

-inches by 14-3/4 inches by 10-1/4 inches. Cubage is 1-3/12 cubic feet.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-

-=32. CHARGING PRESSURE TANK.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_b. Charging from air compressor._ Compressor, air, gasoline * * *

-cylinders as well. Instructions for use of the compressor will be found

-in =TM 3-377=.

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-  =Figure 23.= Charging two pressure tanks, using charging and filling

-  lines, and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen. =As many as four

-  pressure tank and valve assemblies, on or off tank groups, can be

-  charged at one time from cylinders coupled as shown in figure 24.=

-

-

-=33. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PRESSURE-CHARGING.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_m._ (Added). Inspect carefully to be certain that no traces of grease,

-flame thrower fuel, oil, dirt, or other foreign matter are present in

-flame thrower pressure tanks, outlets of air compressor, connections,

-hose, or cylinders containing compressed air.

-

-_n._ (Added). Hands and tools must be free of oil or grease when

-charging or servicing flame thrower pressure systems.

-

-_o._ (Added). Discharge any remaining compressed air in flame thrower

-pressure tanks before recharging.

-

-_p._ (Added). If compressed air is to be used, and if any grease, oil,

-or flame thrower fuel is detected by sense of smell or sight within

-pressure tank and valve assemblies or cylinders, return tanks or

-cylinders for cleaning to the appropriate third-echelon maintenance

-agency of Chemical Warfare Service.

-

-

-=35.1 PEPTIZED FUELS= (Added).

-

-_a. Characteristics._

-

-(1) Pour more readily than usual thickened fuels.

-

-(2) Give a larger diameter flame than thickened fuels.

-

-(3) Give longer effective ranges than liquid fuels.

-

-(4) Prepared more quickly in cool temperatures than thickened fuels.

-

-_b. Preparation._

-

-(1) Open 5-1/4-pound can or cans of thickener.

-

-(2) Add 2 mess kit spoonfuls of water to each can of thickener. Stir

-until the water disappears in the thickener. It is not necessary to mix

-the water uniformly with all of the thickener.

-

-(3) Proceed at once as directed in paragraph 35. Avoid accidental

-addition of any water to the thickener or fuel other than that stated

-in (2) above.

-

-(4) Peptized fuels set a little more quickly than the usual thickened

-fuels, but their general appearance after setting is the same. After

-standing, however, peptized fuels spontaneously become thinner and

-may be poured without use of pressure. The time it takes for thinning

-to occur depends on the temperature of the fuel. At 75° Fahrenheit or

-higher, thinning occurs in approximately 1 to 2 hours. At temperatures

-below 60° Fahrenheit, thinning occurs several days after preparation of

-the peptized fuel.

-

-(5) If water has accidentally gotten into fuel before addition of

-the thickener, peptizing action takes place, but the results are

-unpredictable because the quantity of water added is not controlled.

-

-

-=36. PREPARATION OF LIQUID FUELS.=

-

-_a. Choice of ingredients._ Thin fuels are * * * reaching the target.

-For this reason, liquid fuels should contain the lowest proportion of

-gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier fuels that permit easy

-ignition. In hot climates, * * * of great importance. =The gasoline

-used can be any U. S. grade of motor fuel or aviation gasoline.=

-Suitable blends are as follows:

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-(3) (Added). By volume, 20 to 25 percent gasoline and 75 to 80 percent

-light fuel oil.

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-

-=40.1 USE OF PACKBOARDS= (Added).

-

-Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies (par. 66.1) make possible

-the use of packboards for transporting pressure tanks, 5-gallon

-cans of fuel, wrenches, and additional ignition cylinders close to the

-front line of combat to troops using flame throwers. As packboards

-are not manufactured specifically for servicing flame throwers, standard

-quartermaster-issue packboards are used. Packboard transportation

-is practicable only with pourable fuel. (Pourable fuels include

-some thickened fuels and all liquid fuels.)

-

-_a._ The following is a suggested procedure for packboard

-transportation:

-

-(1) Lash all necessary filling and charging supplies for one flame

-thrower to packboard, using lashing rope and straps.

-

-(2) Tie one pressure tank and valve assembly to top of one flat 5-gallon

-fuel can so that flexible shaft and handle hang down parallel to

-one side of the fuel can.

-

-(3) Carry wrench with large enough opening to unscrew filling

-plugs from tops of fuel tanks and to tighten plugs after filling.

-

-(4) Carry extra ignition cylinders.

-

-_b._ Return empty pressure tank and valve assembly along with empty

-fuel can and wrench on packboard to flame thrower servicing point.

-

-_c._ If a supply of flame thrower tank groups is available, they may

-be preferred to the packboard method of transportation. Tank

-groups are easy to carry, and a filled and charged tank group can

-replace an emptied one as quickly as packboard method can be used to

-service flame thrower.

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-

-=48. SERVICE KIT.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_a. Tools._

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-  1 Screw driver, common, * * * blade diameter, H22-50-6. (Fig. 8.)

-

-  =2 Wrenches, hex, 5/32 inch across flats (for 5/16-inch socket-head

-  set screws), H22-49-140. (See B, fig. 8.)=

-

-  2 Wrenches, hex, * * * set screws), H22-49-91.

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_b. Accessories and spare parts._

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-1 Tank and valve, pressure, assembly =(less valve shaft assembly,

-B81-1-883) B81-1-879. (See fig. 35.2.)=

-

-1 Shaft, valve, assembly =B-81-1-883. (See fig. 35.2.)=

-

-2 Case, spring, assemblies B81-1-444. (Fig. 9.)

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-1 Regulator, pressure, assembly =(Grove type) B81-1-778. (Fig.

-35.2.)=

-

-1 Compound, anti-seize, white * * * 1/4-pound can, H99-3-12.

-

-2 Gages, pressure * * * assembly B81-6-90. (Fig. 32.)

-

-=6 Tubes, deflector, A81-1-501. (See fig. 39.)=

-

-=6 Locknuts, pipe, hex, 1/8-inch, H98-5-382. (See fig. 39.)=

-

-=2 Supports, diaphragm, A81-1-428. (See fig. 47.)=

-

-=6 Springs, R81-1-922 (for socket). (See fig. 35.8.)=

-

-=6 Washers, backing, R81-1-924 (brass washer for socket).

-(See fig. 35.8.)=

-

-=12 Washers, B81-1-923 (synthetic rubber washer for

-socket). (See fig. 35.8.)=

-

-=6 Caps, plug, B81-1-926 (with chain) (dust cap for plug).

-(See fig. 35.3.)=

-

-=12 Nuts, wing, A81-1-877. (See fig. 35.4.)=

-

-=2 Army Service Forces Catalogs CW 6-445115, Sets of Tools,

-Equipment, and Similar Material: Kit, service, for Portable

-Flame Thrower, M2-2.=

-

-=2 Army Service Forces Catalogs CW 7-440114, Organizational

-Spare Parts and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons:

-for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2.=

-

-=2 War Department Technical Manuals 3-376A, Portable

-Flame Thrower M2-2.=

-

-

-=49. LUBRICATION.=

-

-_a. Gun group._

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-(2) _Frequency of lubrication._ The surfaces of * * * lubricated

-before reassembly. =Do not soak or wash the spring case

-assembly in solvent because this may remove the grease

-which is factory packed in the spring case assembly. This

-grease cannot be replaced. To clean spring case assembly,

-wide outside surfaces with cloth saturated with solvent.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-

-=53. SERVICE WHEN FILLING AND CHARGING.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_d. Testing for leaks in pressure system._ After charging and

-* * * to test pressure. (Fig. 32.) To install gage, unscrew

-check-valve cap, =moisten end of check valve with water or saliva=,

-and screw gage in check-valve body. =Use of water or saliva as

-lubricant prevents cutting of the rubber washer by the check

-valve.= If pressure has * * * and then retested.

-

-

-=66. PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLY.=

-

-_a. Description and functioning._ The pressure tank * * * assembly

-(Fig. 33) includes:

-

-(1) _Pressure tank._ The pressure tank * * * the fuel tanks. =The

-pressure-tank clamp may be adjusted to different outside diameters of

-pressure tanks by means of a nut and screw tightening device (fig.

-35.1) or by means of a stepped ring at end of clamp.=

-

-[Illustration: FIGURE 35.1. (Added.) Adjustable pressure tank clamp,

-showing use of nut and screw tightening device.]

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_b. Removal._ (Fig. 33.)

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-(2) _Removal procedure._

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-(_h_) (Added). To remove check valve, unscrew check valve cap and

-check valve body, using wrenches.

-

-_c. Installation._ (Figs. 33 and 39.)

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-(7) (Added). To install check valve, apply thread compound lightly to

-threads of cheek valve body and screw into opening in pressure-tank

-valve. Tighten check valve body in position, using wrench. Screw check

-valve cap on check valve body and tighten with wrench.

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-

-=66.1 DETACHABLE PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLIES= (Added).

-

-Newly developed detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies provide

-an improved and speedier method of servicing M2-2 portable flame

-throwers in forward combat zones.

-

-_a. Description and functioning._

-

-(1) Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies (figs. 35.2 and

-35.3) are used in modified flame throwers. They make it unnecessary to

-replace empty complete tank groups with filled and charged complete

-tank groups.

-

-(2) Replacement of complete tank group, however, may be preferred when

-an extra supply of tank groups is available, or if thickened fuel is

-too stringy and viscous to pour.

-

-(3) Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies can be attached only

-to flame throwers which include sockets (figs. 35.2 and 35.3) and

-shortened regulator tubes. Flame throwers produced recently include

-this design modification.

-

-(4) A plug and cap (fig. 35.3) on detachable pressure tank and valve

-assembly replace tube elbow (fig. 33) used on nondetachable pressure

-tank and valve assembly.

-

-_b. Removal._ Care must be taken to prevent damage to connections

-during removal and installation. The procedure for removal of pressure

-tank and valve assembly is as follows:

-

-(1) Close pressure-tank valve. Press valve lever and safety grip on gun

-to release all pressure from fuel system and gun.

-

-(2) Unscrew wing nut from valve flexible shaft. (See fig. 35.4.) Be

-careful not to misplace wing nut.

-

-(3) Pull clamp and shaft from stud which is welded on fuel tank.

-

-(4) With one hand under pressure tank, unclamp but do not fully open

-pressure-tank clamp.

-

-(5) Supporting pressure tank valve with top of right hand, push knurled

-socket in and away from pressure tank valve. Left hand may be placed

-at back of regulator tube so that tube does not bend away from socket.

-(See fig. 35.5.) Pull out pressure tank and valve assembly.

-

-[Illustration: FIGURE 35.2. (Added.) Pressure system disassembled,

-showing removable pressure tank and valve assembly, nomenclature, and

-Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers.]

-

-[Illustration: FIGURE 35.3. (Added.) Detachable pressure tank and valve

-assembly, connected to modified regulator tube assembly.]

-

-[Illustration: FIGURE 35.4. (Added.) Removing wing nut to free valve

-flexible shaft.]

-

-[Illustration: FIGURE 35.5. (Added.) Pushing knurled socket away from

-pressure tank, permitting pressure tank and valve assembly to be

-removed from tank group.]

-

-(6) Put cap as far as it will go over opening of the plug. (See fig.

-35.6.) This prevents dust and other foreign matter from entering empty

-pressure tank.

-

-(7) Flame thrower is now ready to receive a charged pressure tank and

-valve assembly. (See fig. 35.7.)

-

-_c. Installation._ To install a charged or replacement detachable

-pressure tank and valve assembly, proceed as follows:

-

-(1) Remove dust cap from plug of charged pressure tank and valve

-assembly. (Never open pressure-tank valve with cap on plug.)

-

-[Illustration: FIGURE 35.6. (Added.) Pressure tank and valve assembly

-with dust cap over plug opening.]

-

-(2) Support socket and tube with left hand and insert plug in socket

-with right hand. If tube is not supported, it is difficult to lock the

-plug in the socket and it is possible that tube may become bent. Press

-bottom of tank until plug snaps into socket. Test by attempting to pull

-tank and plug from socket. Plug must not pull out; if it does, insert

-again and press bottom of tank. Grasp knurled collar of socket and test

-for end play. If collar slides freely back and forth on socket, the

-connection is not tight and plug should be pressed in farther.

-

-[Illustration: FIGURE 35.7. (Added.) Tank group, ready to receive a

-charged pressure tank and valve assembly.]

-

-(3) Replace small clamp (valve-stem clamp) over stud projecting from

-fuel tank, and screw wing nut on stud to secure valve flexible shaft in

-place. Do not use wrench on wing nut.

-

-_d. Maintenance._ Follow maintenance instructions given in paragraph

-66. In addition, if leaks occur and signs of wear are visible, carry

-out the following procedures:

-

-(1) _Worn washer._ Replace synthetic rubber washer by disassembling

-socket (fig. 35.8), prying out washer, placing new washer in position,

-and reassembling socket.

-

-[Illustration: FIGURE 35.8. (Added.) Cutaway view of socket

-and plug. Disassembly is permitted only as directed in paragraph 66.1.]

-

-(2) _Damaged plug._ Repair damaged or nicked end of plug by filing plug

-end square and smooth. File off as little as possible. Test for leakage

-at socket by installing pressure tank and valve assembly, as in c

-above, and then opening pressure-tank valve. If leak persists at joint

-between socket and plug, replace plug by unscrewing old plug, screwing

-new plug in position, and tightening with wrench. Replace entire plug.

-Do not attempt to unscrew the cylindrical portion from the square

-portion.

-

-

-=67. PRESSURE REGULATOR.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_e. Maintenance_ (Added).

-

-(1) _Spring type (Hoke) pressure regulator._ Except for adjustment to

-increase or decrease pressure, do not attempt to maintain or repair the

-spring type (Hoke) pressure regulator. If damaged or defective, it must

-be replaced by a dome type (Grove) pressure regulator.

-

-(2) _Dome type (Grove) pressure regulator (B81-1-778)._ Replacement

-parts for maintaining the dome type (Grove) regulator are available for

-use by chemical maintenance companies, as shown in Army Service Forces

-Catalog CW 9-440114, List of All Service Parts and Higher Echelon Spare

-Parts for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2 (25 November 1944).

-

-

-=74. VALVE GRIP.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_c. Installing valve grip._

-

-(1) Place grip safety * * * right valve grip. (Fig. 48.) =Do not

-accidentally place the lower forward extension of the grip safety

-over the lower rear extension of the valve lever. If this overlapping

-occurs, the small projection at the bottom of the grip safety may be

-broken off.= Be sure the * * * of grip safety.

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-

-=77. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE.=

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-_c. Class of supply_ (Added). The portable flame thrower is a class IV

-supply item.

-

-

-=78. REFERENCES.=

-

-Reference pertaining to * * * flame throwers include:

-

-       *       *       *       *       *

-

-  TM 9-850 Cleaning, Preserving, Lubricating * * * the Ordnance

-  Department

-

-  =TM 3-377, Compressor, Air, Gasoline Engine-driven, 7CFM, M1 (For

-  Charging Flame Throwers and Cylinders)=

-

-  =TB CW 18, Kit, Fuel Filling, Flame Thrower, E6 (for filling

-  mechanized and portable flame throwers)[A]=

-

-  =TB CW 20, Cleaning Interiors of Compressed Gas Cylinders, Tanks, and

-  Accessories[A]=

-

-  =TB ENG 39, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases[A]=

-

-  =ASF Catalog CW 7-440114, Organizational Spare Parts and Equipment:

-  1st and 2d Echelons: for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2 (25 November

-  1944)=

-

-  =ASF Catalog CW 9-440114, List of all Service Parts and Higher

-  Echelon Spare Parts for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2=

-

-  =ASF Catalog CW 6-445115, Sets of Tools, Equipment, and Similar

-  Material: Kit, Service, for Portable Flame Thrower, M2-2=

-

-  =ASF Catalog CW 9-445115, List of all Parts and Higher Echelon Spare

-  Parts for Kit, Service, for Portable Flame Thrower, M2-2=

-

-  =FS 3-33, Portable Flame Thrower M2-2, Part 1, Nomenclature and

-  Operation.=

-

-

-  Footnote:

-

-  [A] Technical Bulletins are to be superseded by appropriate War

-  Department manuals or changes to manuals.

-

-[AG 300.7 (11 Apr 45)]

-

-BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR:

-

-OFFICIAL:

-

-  G. C. MARSHALL

-  _Chief of Staff_

-

-  J. A. ULIO

-  _Major General_

-  _The Adjutant General_

-

-

-DISTRIBUTION:

-

-  AAF (Cml O) (10); AGF (Cml O) (10); ASF (2); T of Opn (Cml O) (10);

-  Arm & Sv Bds (1); Def Comd (2); S Div ASF (1); Tech Sv (2) except

-  CWS (45); SvC (Cml O) (4); PE (Attn: Cml O) (2); Sub-PE (Cml O) (2);

-  PG (2); Ars 3 (2); ASF Dep (CW Sec) (2); ASF Dep (2); Dep 3 (2); Pro

-  Dist 3 (2); Tech Sv C (2); USMA (20); Tng C (2); A (2); CHQ (5); B

-  (1); R (5); Bn 2 (2), 3 (5), 7, 17 (2); C 2 (2), 3 (5), 7, 17 (2);

-  AF (2); W (Cml O) (1); Five (5) copies to each of the following: T/O

-  & E 5-15; 5-16; 5-17; 5-35; 5-36; 5-37; 5-171; 5-175; 5-176; 5-192;

-  5-215; 5-216; 5-217; 5-235; 5-236; 5-238; 5-475T; 5-476T; 5-477T.

-

-Refer to FM 21-6 for explanation of distribution formula.

-

-

-

-

-TABLE OF CONTENTS

-

-

-PART ONE

-

-INTRODUCTION

-

-

-                                                   _Paragraph_  _Page_

-

-  SECTION I. GENERAL

-    Scope                                               1         1

-    Records                                             2         1

-

-

-  SECTION II. DESCRIPTION AND DATA

-    Uses of flame throwers                              3         1

-    Characteristics and employment                      4         4

-    Description and functioning                         5         6

-    Identification information                          6         9

-    Differences in models                               7         9

-    Interchanging parts with M1 or M1A1 flame thrower   8         9

-    Data                                                9         9

-

-

-  SECTION III. TOOLS, PARTS, AND ACCESSORIES

-    Items with each flame thrower                      10        11

-

-

-PART TWO

-

-OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

-

-

-  SECTION IV. GENERAL

-    Scope                                              11        14

-

-

-  SECTION V. SERVICE UPON RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT

-    New equipment                                      12        14

-    Used equipment                                     13        15

-

-

-  SECTION VI. CONTROLS

-    Controls                                           14        15

-

-

-  SECTION VII. OPERATION UNDER USUAL CONDITIONS

-    Training                                           15        16

-    Charging, filling, and servicing                   16        16

-    Connecting tank group and gun group                17        16

-    Loading with ignition cylinder                     18        17

-    Carrying the tank group                            19        21

-    Carrying the gun                                   20        21

-    Opening pressure-tank valve                        21        22

-    Ranges                                             22        22

-    Wind deflection                                    23        22

-    Firing positions                                   24        23

-    Aiming                                             25        23

-    Firing                                             26        23

-    Ceasing or interrupting fire                       27        26

-    Additional bursts                                  28        26

-    Soaking the target                                 29        26

-    After firing                                       30        26

-

-

-  SECTION VIII. AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

-    Ignition cylinder                                  31        27

-    Charging pressure tank                             32        28

-    Precautions when pressure-charging                 33        32

-    Characteristics of fuels                           34        33

-    Preparation of thickened fuels                     35        34

-    Preparation of liquid fuels                        36        38

-    Filling by pouring                                 37        39

-    Filling by force pump                              38        40

-    Filling by blowing                                 39        40

-    Precautions with fuels                             40        43

-

-

-  SECTION IX. OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS

-    Wet conditions                                     41        44

-    Dust and mud                                       42        44

-    Heat                                               43        44

-    Cold                                               44        45

-    Wind                                               45        45

-

-

-  SECTION X. DEMOLITION TO PREVENT ENEMY USE

-    Destruction procedure                              46        45

-

-

-PART THREE

-

-MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

-

-

-  SECTION XI. GENERAL

-    Scope                                              47        46

-

-

-  SECTION XII. SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL TOOLS

-    AND EQUIPMENT

-    Service kit                                        48        46

-

-

-  SECTION XIII. LUBRICATION

-    Lubrication                                        49        49

-

-

-  SECTION XIV. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SERVICES

-    General                                            50        49

-    Before-operation service of tank group             51        50

-    Before-operation service of gun group              52        50

-    Service when filling and charging                  53        52

-    Service when firing                                54        53

-    Service after firing                               55        53

-    Service after six firing missions                  56        54

-

-

-  SECTION XV. TROUBLE SHOOTING

-    Precautions                                        57        55

-    Fuel leaks                                         58        55

-    Safety head “blows” (breaks)                       59        56

-    Carrier uncomfortable                              60        56

-    Short range                                        61        56

-    Fuel-valve failure                                 62        57

-    Failure of ignition cylinder to ignite             63        57

-    Failure of fuel to ignite                          64        58

-

-

-  SECTION XVI. TANK GROUP

-    General                                            65        58

-    Pressure tank and valve assembly                   66        59

-    Pressure regulator                                 67        63

-    Fuel-tank assembly                                 68        65

-    Filling and safety-head plug assemblies            69        67

-    Tank coupling                                      70        69

-    Carrier                                            71        71

-

-

-  SECTION XVII. GUN GROUP

-    General                                            72        74

-    Fuel-hose assembly                                 73        74

-    Valve grip                                         74        75

-    Barrel and valve-body assembly                     75        77

-    Ignition head                                      76        82

-

-

-APPENDIX

-

-

-  SECTION XVIII. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE

-    Shipment and storage                               77        86

-

-

-  SECTION XIX. LIST OF REFERENCES

-    References                                         78        87

-

-

-INDEX

-

-

-[Illustration: Fig 1. Portable flame thrower M2-2.]

-

-

-

-

-PART ONE

-

-INTRODUCTION

-

-

-

-

-Section I GENERAL

-

-

-1. SCOPE.

-

-_a. Arrangement._ This manual is published to guide and inform

-personnel using and maintaining flame thrower, portable, M2-2. Part One

-contains general information; Part Two is a guide to operation; Part

-Three gives maintenance procedures. The Appendix discusses shipment and

-storage procedures, and applicable publications.

-

-_b. References._ References are listed in the Appendix. The

-list includes field manuals, technical manuals, and Army Regulations.

-

-

-2. RECORDS.

-

-Although no standard maintenance forms and records are furnished,

-an improvised list should be kept of the number of times each flame

-thrower has been fired. The list indicates when it is necessary to

-provide the after-six-missions preventive maintenance and lubrication.

-It should be tacked or glued to the inside surface of the packing-chest

-lid and each flame thrower should always be returned to its own chest.

-

-

-

-

-Section II DESCRIPTION AND DATA

-

-

-3. USES OF FLAME THROWERS.

-

-Flame throwers can:

-

-_a. Penetrate openings_, such as embrasures

-and gun ports, and fill the fortifications with flame and

-smoke.

-

-_b. Burn, asphyxiate, and blind enemy personnel_, causing casualties,

-shock, panic, and abandonment of a fortified position.

-

-_c. Ignite combustible parts of shelters and materiel_ and start

-detonation of sensitive ammunition and explosives.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 2. Firing with liquid fuel.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 3. Firing with thickened fuel. Thickened fuel

-has longer range than liquid fuel and burns on target for several

-minutes.]

-

-_d._ “_Shoot around corners_,” when fuel is fired from dead or

-blind angles. This is made possible by the billowing and swirling

-movements of flaming gases. Blazing thickened fuels also

-ricochet from wall to wall in fortifications.

-

-_e. Cause the enemy to close ports_, temporarily putting the emplacement

-out of action and thus protecting the demolition party.

-

-_f. Mop up_ dug-in personnel.

-

-_g. Eliminate enemy nests_ in street or jungle fighting.

-

-

-4. CHARACTERISTICS AND EMPLOYMENT.

-

-_a. Action._ Fuel is propelled into the target by a charge of

-highly compressed air or nitrogen. As fuel leaves the gun of the

-M2-2 portable flame thrower (Fig 1), it is ignited by contact with

-flame from charges of incendiary mix held in an expendable ignition

-cylinder.

-

-_b. Bursts._ A continuous stream or separate bursts may be

-fired for approximately 8 to 9 seconds, not including time between

-the bursts. The five incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder

-are controlled by the trigger and can ignite several bursts.

-

-_c. Range._ Portable flame throwers are fired at extremely

-close or point-blank range for best results. (Par 22) Effective

-range for liquid fuels (Fig 2) is as far as 20 yards, and for thickened

-fuels (Fig 3), 40 yards, but underbrush and adverse winds

-can reduce the distances.

-

-_d. Weight._ To keep the weight as light as possible and still

-provide strength to withstand very high pressures, most parts

-are made of aluminum or sheet steel.

-

-_e. Tactics._ Two or more flame throwers are generally used

-on a mission with other weapons of the assault squad. (See FM

-31-50, “Attack on a Fortified Position and Combat in Towns.”)

-

-_f. Firers and assistants._ One man carries and fires each

-flame thrower. Well-armed assistants accompany firers to give

-close protection and to serve as emergency replacements.

-Whereas the M1A1 portable flame thrower may require the help

-of an assistant to open the pressure-tank valve, the M2-2 flame

-thrower pressure-tank valve is located within reach of the firer

-and is operated by him without assistance. Firers and assistants

-should be thoroughly trained in operation of the weapon.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 4. Tank group.]

-

-_g. Charging and filling._ In order to replace pressure tanks

-(cylinders) of earlier types of flame throwers, it is necessary to

-unscrew and screw threaded connections. Experience has shown that this

-frequently resulted in damage to threads, leakage, loss of pressure,

-and loss of range. It is also necessary to use tools to replace

-each pressure tank (cylinder). The design of the M2-2 flame thrower

-eliminates these difficulties. The tank group (Fig 4) may be charged

-and filled as a unit with or without gun and hose. The quick-connecting

-tank coupling permits rapid interchanging of empty and full tank groups

-by the firers or assistants. This is done without tools, takes very

-little time, and cannot cause leakage, loss of pressure, and loss of

-range due to damaged threads.

-

-

-5. DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONING.

-

-The flame thrower consists of two major groups: tank group and

-gun group. Detailed descriptions of assemblies and parts are

-included in Paragraphs 66 through 76.

-

-_a. Tank group._ (Figs 4 and 5) Carried upon the firer’s back,

-the tank group holds fuel and pressure. The tank group may be

-identified as tank, fuel, portable flame thrower, M2, assembly

-D81-1-482. It consists principally of:

-

-(1) _Two fuel tanks_, holding a total of 4 gallons of fuel, and

-joined by a tank connector to form a single fuel reservoir.

-

-(2) _Pressure tank_, charged with highly compressed air or

-nitrogen used to propel fuel from the fuel tanks through the gun

-to the target. The tank is large in capacity to assure ample pressure

-and uniformly long range throughout the firing.

-

-(3) _Pressure-tank valve_, which releases air or nitrogen

-through the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks. The valve can

-be opened by the firer without the assistance required in the case

-of the M1A1 flame thrower.

-

-(4) _Pressure regulator_, which automatically assures delivery

-of air or nitrogen to the fuel tanks at the proper pressure. The

-regulator is located in a position where it cannot easily be damaged.

-

-(5) _Carrier_, which supports the tank group on the firer’s back

-and shoulders and secures it to his body. It includes body and

-shoulder straps and quick-releasing fasteners.

-

-_b. Gun group._ (Fig 6) Carried, aimed, and operated by the

-hands of the firer, the gun group ignites the fuel and directs the

-flame into the target. It includes:

-

-(1) _Fuel hose_, which conveys fuel from the tank group to the

-gun. The fuel hose may be requisitioned as hose, fuel, portable

-flame thrower, M1, assembly B81-1-498.

-

-(2) _Gun_, which ignites the fuel and directs it to the target.

-The gun may be identified as gun, portable flame thrower,

-M2, assembly D81-1-405. It consists of:

-

-(_a_) _Fuel valve_, which discharges fuel through the barrel.

-The valve is operated by squeezing the valve lever and the grip

-safety, which are on opposite sides of the valve grip. The valve

-also includes a barrel from which the fuel is ejected. The ignition

-head is supported on the front of the barrel.

-

-(_b_) _Ignition head_, which ignites the fuel as it passes

-from the nozzle of the barrel. With each pull of the trigger on the

-front grip, one of five charges of incendiary mix in an ignition

-cylinder is ignited. This pilot flame ignites the fuel as it is

-propelled from the gun.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 5. Tank group with carrier folded back to show

-construction.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 6. Gun group of portable flame thrower M2-2.]

-

-

-6. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION.

-

-The words “Chemical Warfare Service,” model numbers, serial

-numbers, lot numbers, weight, cubage, manufacturers’ names,

-contract number, and date of packing are indicated on the packing

-chest or the equipment. The numbers and letters shown on the

-equipment should be referred to when repairs are required. The

-tank group and the gun (without the fuel hose) may each be marked

-“M2” and the fuel hose may be marked “M1,” although all of

-these are components of the M2-2 portable flame thrower.

-

-

-7. DIFFERENCES IN MODELS.

-

-_a. M2-2 and E3 portable flame throwers._ Portable flame

-thrower M2-2 is identical in all important respects with portable

-flame thrower E3. (The E3 flame thrower, when standardized

-with some modifications, became the M2-2.) Operation and maintenance

-of the M2-2 and E3 are in general the same, and the parts

-are interchangeable.

-

-_b. M2-2, M1, and M1A1 portable flame throwers._ Portable

-flame thrower M2-2 has the same fuel capacity but differs in

-construction from portable flame throwers M1 and M1A1. Parts

-are not interchangeable except as stated in Paragraph 8.

-

-

-8. INTERCHANGING PARTS WITH M1 OR M1A1 FLAME THROWER.

-

-To use an M2-2 gun with tank group (fuel unit) of an M1 or M1A1

-portable flame thrower:

-

-_a._ Remove fuel hose from M2-2 gun.

-

-_b._ Screw a 3/4-inch by 1/2-inch pipe bushing into the side

-opening of the fuel-valve body. This bushing is furnished in the

-spare parts kit of each M2-2 portable flame thrower. (Par 10)

-

-_c._ Screw the fuel-hose assembly of the M1 or M1A1 flame

-thrower into the 1/2-inch opening of the bushing, using a wrench

-to make a tight connection.

-

-

-9. DATA.

-

-All data are approximate.

-

-_a. Range._ See Paragraph 22.

-

-_b. Duration of fire._

-

-(1) _Fuel_.

-

-(_a_) Continuous discharge of approximately 8 to 9 seconds,

-or

-

-(_b_) Several short bursts totalling approximately 8 to 9 seconds

-(not including time between bursts).

-

-(2) _Ignition cylinder._ Five charges in each cylinder, 8 to 12

-seconds per charge.

-

-_c. Weights._

-

-                                                       _Pounds_

-  Portable flame thrower M2-2, empty, in shipping

-    chest (including the chest and all contents)        110

-  Portable flame thrower M2-2, empty                     43

-  Portable flame thrower M2-2, filled with fuel       68 to 72

-  Tank group, empty                                      35

-  Tank group, filled with fuel                        60 to 64

-  Gun group                                               8

-

-_d. Dimensions._

-

-                                                     _Inches_

-  Gun, length                                            30

-  Fuel hose, length                                      37

-  Tank group, height                                     27

-  Tank group, width                                      20

-  Tank group, breadth                                    11

-  Packing chest                                  34 x 23 x 19

-    (Cube of packing chest: 8-1/2 cubic feet)

-

-_e. Capacity of weapon._

-

-  Ignition cylinder (M1 or E1)     1 (which includes 5 incendiary

-                                     charges)

-  Fuel                             4 gallons plus void for air or

-                                     nitrogen

-

-_f. Pressures._

-

-                                             _Pounds per sq. in._

-  Pressure tank                                  1,700 to 2,100

-  Fuel tanks                                          350

-

-_g. Ratio of expended supplies._ For every 100 complete fillings

-of the flame thrower, the following supplies are normally expended:

-

-  (1) Nitrogen contained in fifteen 220-cubic-foot cylinders or an

-  equivalent volume of compressed air. (Eleven cylinders are expended

-  if the four-place arrangement described in Paragraph 32 is used.)

-

-  (2) 450 gallons of fuel (400 gallons plus 50 gallons for spillage,

-  spoilage, and evaporation).

-

-  (3) 100 ignition cylinders.

-

-  (4) If thickened fuel is used, 135 pounds (in cans of 5-1/4 pounds

-  each) of U. S. Army fuel thickener.

-

-

-

-

-Section III TOOLS, PARTS, AND ACCESSORIES

-

-

-10. ITEMS WITH EACH FLAME THROWER.

-

-The items listed below or their equivalents (Fig 7) are included

-in each M2-2 flame-thrower packing chest, in addition to the flame

-thrower. Numbers listed with items are Chemical Warfare Service stock

-numbers.

-

-_a. Kit, tool, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly B81-6-50._

-

-_b. Kit, spare parts, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly

-B81-6-52._

-

-_c. Cylinder, ignition, portable flame thrower M1._ (6 cylinders, in 3

-cans containing 2 each)

-

-_d. Technical Manual 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower M2-2._”

-

-_e. Gun mounting board._ (Fig 10)

-

-_f. Plug, coupling, E81-1-514_ (for use in tank coupling when filling

-tank group with gun detached).

-

-[Illustration: Fig 7. Items packed in chest with each flame thrower:

-A—Spare parts kit; B—Packing list; C—Three cans of ignition cylinders;

-D—Tool kit; E—Coupling plug; F—TM 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower

-M2-2.”]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 8. Contents of tool kit:

-

-

-  A. 1 Screw driver, cabinet, 4-1/2-inch blade length, 3/16-inch blade

-    diameter, H22-50-13.

-  B. 1 Wrench, hex, 1/8-inch across flats for 1/4-inch socket-head set

-    screws, H22-49-12.

-  C. 1 Wrench, engineers’, double head, 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch openings,

-    9 inches approx length, H22-49-115.

-  D. 1 Screw driver, common, 6-inch blade length, 5/16-inch blade

-    diameter, H22-50-6.

-  E. 1 Wrench, valve-adjusting, assembly, A81-6-48.

-  F. 1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-1/2-inch openings, 12 inches

-    approx length, H22-49-113.

-  G. 1 Wrench, engineers’, single head, 1-1/8 inch opening, 10-1/2

-    inches approx length, H22-49-31.

-  H. 1 Wrench, adjustable, single end, 6 inches approx length (crescent

-    type), H22-49-67.

-  I. 1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-3/4-inch openings, 12 inches

-    approx length, A81-6-49.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 9. Contents of spare parts kit:

-

-  A. 1 Diaphragm, valve, assembly, A81-1-416.

-  B. 1 Case, spring, assembly, B81-1-444.

-  C. 1 Bushing, pipe, head, 3/4-inch by 1/2-inch (galvanized iron),

-    H98-5-93.

-  D. 2 Washers, coupling, A81-1-513.

-  E. 3 Heads, safety, R81-1-561.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 10. Packing chest open, with gun on mounting board.

-Tool kit, spare parts kit, and cans of ignition cylinders in boxes at

-right.]

-

-

-

-

-PART TWO

-

-OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

-

-

-

-

-Section IV GENERAL

-

-

-11. SCOPE.

-

-Part Two of this manual is for the guidance of operating personnel. It

-includes information on the controls and on operation.

-

-

-

-

-Section V SERVICE UPON RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT

-

-

-12. NEW EQUIPMENT.

-

-Upon receipt of a new flame thrower, the following procedure should be

-carried out:

-

-_a._ Cut packing-chest steel straps and seals with pliers.

-

-_b._ Remove the screws, if present, from top of chest.

-

-_c._ Open two latches at front of chest.

-

-_d._ Lift lid backward and connect chain from inside of chest to inside

-of lid.

-

-_e._ Remove moistureproof paper.

-

-_f._ Remove gun from carton. After removing waterproofing tape from

-ends of hose, connect hose and gun. (Par 17)

-

-_g._ Remove mounting board and place gun with hose on the board as

-shown in Figure 10.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 11. Screwing deflector tube in safety head on left

-fuel tank.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 12. Controls for operation of portable flame thrower

-M2-2.]

-

-_h._ Remove spare parts kit, tool kit, cans of ignition cylinders, and

-other items from packing chest.

-

-_i._ Compare contents with packing list found in or on packing chest.

-Inspect all contents carefully for completeness, correct adjustment,

-and good condition.

-

-_j._ Insert deflector tube in safety head on left fuel tank. (Fig 11)

-Outlet should face to rear and at a 45-degree angle to operator’s left

-shoulder. (Fig 18) Screw in deflector tube by hand; do not use wrench

-on deflector tube. Tighten lock nut with wrench.

-

-_k._ Before use on a mission, test-fire the weapon. (Par 56 _b_)

-

-_l._ Save the packing chest for storage of the equipment when flame

-thrower is not being carried on a firing mission or serviced.

-

-

-13. USED EQUIPMENT.

-

-When they apply, the same steps should be taken as in Paragraph 12. Any

-worn or damaged parts should be replaced. Areas where paint has worn

-off should be touched up with fresh paint.

-

-

-

-

-Section VI CONTROLS

-

-

-14. CONTROLS.

-

-The firer uses the pressure-tank valve handle, the trigger, and the

-valve lever and grip safety (Fig 12) in succession as follows:

-

-_a. Valve handle._ The pressure-tank valve is operated by turning

-a handle on the valve flexible shaft within reach of the firer.

-Counterclockwise operation of handle releases pressure to the

-fuel tanks. Clockwise turning closes the valve.

-

-_b. Trigger._ The trigger is at the front grip of the gun. Pulling

-the trigger vigorously ignites an incendiary charge in the ignition

-cylinder. This in turn ignites the fuel as it leaves the gun. The

-trigger action also causes the ignition cylinder to revolve one-fifth

-of a turn, presenting another charge for firing. Each of the

-five charges may thus be used in rapid succession, if necessary,

-by pulling the trigger vigorously as many as five times.

-

-_c. Valve lever and grip safety._ The valve lever and grip safety

-are mounted on opposite sides of the valve grip of the gun. When

-both controls are compressed, fuel is propelled from the gun. If

-either the valve lever or the grip safety is not compressed, the

-fuel valve remains closed and the fuel remains in the weapon.

-

-

-

-

-Section VII OPERATION UNDER USUAL CONDITIONS

-

-

-15. TRAINING.

-

-Effective use of the M2-2 portable flame thrower can be achieved only

-by diligent practice with the weapon. Untrained firers or assistants

-should never be sent on a mission.

-

-_a. Practice._ Firers should practice under varying conditions of

-wind, range, elevation, depression, and traverse. The shortness of the

-total firing time (approximately 8 to 9 seconds) demands split-second

-judgment and coordination.

-

-_b. Use of water in training._ Water may be used (instead of fuel) for

-elementary practice firing. Ignition cylinders are not used with water.

-The water under pressure may cause serious injuries to personnel at 10

-yards. After practice with water, the gun should be disassembled (Pars

-73 through 76), cleaned and dried piece by piece, and lubricated. (Par

-49)

-

-_c. Use of fuel in training._ When using fuel in training, select or

-prepare a practice field of fire which provides at least 125 yards for

-range and 30 yards for spread. If the field contains dry grass, brush,

-or other flammable material, a fire-fighting squad should be available

-with equipment and source of water. Assistants and observers should

-stay well behind the firer because of danger from wind shifts. See

-Paragraph 40 for additional precautions.

-

-

-16. CHARGING, FILLING, AND SERVICING.

-

-Before use on missions or for training, flame throwers must be charged,

-filled, and serviced. Charging with compressed air or compressed

-nitrogen is described in Paragraphs 32 and 33; filling with fuel in

-Paragraphs 34 through 40; and servicing in Paragraphs 50 through 56.

-Test for pressure. (Par 53 _d_)

-

-

-17. CONNECTING TANK GROUP AND GUN GROUP.

-

-If a charged and filled tank group has been brought up to replace an

-emptied one:

-

-_a._ Place the new tank group on the ground with the tank coupling on

-top. If the filling is thickened fuel, allow the tank group to rest in

-this position for from 1 to 2 minutes.

-

-_b._ Remove coupling plug from new tank group and disconnect gun group

-from emptied tank group. Place unthreaded end of fuel hose in tank

-coupling and lock in place. (Par 70)

-

-_c._ Lock the coupling plug in the emptied tank group.

-

-

-18. LOADING WITH IGNITION CYLINDER.

-

-_a. General._ Just before the start of a mission, load an unused

-ignition cylinder into the ignition head. (M1 and E1 ignition cylinders

-are identical and may be used interchangeably.) Cylinders are packed

-two to a can. Do not open cans until ready to load for a mission. The

-second cylinder in the can should be used in another flame thrower on

-the same mission or as soon as possible after opening the can. Partly

-used cylinders may be employed in training.

-

-_b. Precautions._ Care must be taken, whenever cylinders are handled,

-to avoid any blows or pressure against the metal match ends. (Fig 13)

-Face, hands, and other parts of the body should never be exposed to

-front of cylinder or front of gun.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 13. Ignition cylinder before use.]

-

-_c. Procedure._ Loading procedure is as follows:

-

-(1) Unscrew and remove ignition shield. (Fig 14)

-

-(2) Place ignition cylinder on end of barrel (Fig 15), being careful

-not to grasp cylinder by its ends.

-

-(3) Raise nozzle end of gun so cylinder slides down against the spring

-case of the ignition head. (Fig 16) If necessary, rotate cylinder so it

-slips down all the way. Do not force cylinder into place as forcing may

-prematurely ignite it.

-

-(4) Rotate spring case and ignition cylinder clockwise as far as they

-turn freely.

-

-(5) Place ignition shield over cylinder. Engage the slot in the shield

-on the spring-case pin.

-

-(6) Turn shield, screwing it onto ignition-head body. Make sure the

-threads engage during the first turn of the shield. When the slot on

-the shield engages the latch on the ignition head (Fig 17), the gun is

-loaded.

-

-(7) If shield cannot be turned by hand tight enough to engage latch,

-unscrew shield. Then turn shield backwards until threads engage and

-repeat (6) above.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 14. Unscrewing ignition shield, with pressure on

-latch.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 15. Placing ignition cylinder on gun. Care must be

-taken to avoid striking or pushing metal matches of cylinder.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 16. Ignition cylinder in place on gun before

-replacement of ignition shield.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 17. Ignition head assembled for firing of gun.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 18. Tank group adjusted on firer.]

-

-

-19. CARRYING THE TANK GROUP.

-

-The tanks are supported on the firer’s back and secured to it by two

-shoulder straps and two pairs of body straps. (Fig 18) The straps may

-be adjusted by the buckles to fit the operator. The shoulder straps

-pass over the shoulders and under the arm pits; the lower body straps

-are clasped tightly in front of the body; and the upper body straps are

-clasped across the chest to prevent the shoulder straps from slipping

-and the tank group from rolling off the back. Adjustments to the

-various straps should be made until the unit is carried with the bottom

-of the fuel tanks at the small of the operator’s back. The tank group

-should fit snugly so that it does not shift if the operator changes

-position quickly.

-

-

-20. CARRYING THE GUN.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 19. Carrying the gun, with hands in position to

-fire.]

-

-The procedure for carrying the gun is as follows:

-

-_a._ Carry the gun with the hose at the right side. (Fig 19)

-

-_b._ Grasp the valve grip with the right hand and the front grip with

-the left hand, being careful not to operate the controls until ready to

-fire.

-

-_c._ Keep the gun pointed away from friendly personnel at all times.

-

-_d._ Do not face the front of the gun at any time. Even when no fuel

-is being ejected, the incendiary charges of the ignition cylinder can

-cause severe burns.

-

-_e._ Keep the gun dry and clean if possible. Avoid getting dirt or

-foreign matter into the weapon.

-

-_f._ Avoid rough handling.

-

-_g._ Wear gloves if available.

-

-_h._ Carry any extra ignition cylinders only in metal containers.

-

-

-21. OPENING PRESSURE-TANK VALVE.

-

-The release of pressure into the fuel tank causes a hissing sound.

-Therefore, open the pressure-tank valve while still out of hearing

-range of the enemy. Do not, however, open it prematurely because of

-the possibility of pressure leaks. To prevent frothing of the fuel,

-keep the tank group in as nearly an upright position as possible when

-opening pressure-tank valve. Be sure to turn the valve handle all the

-way in a counterclockwise direction. Stiffening of the fuel hose occurs

-when the pressure-tank valve is opened.

-

-

-22. RANGES.

-

-Firers and assistants should learn to judge ranges by frequent practice

-under varying conditions. The firers should be trained to approach

-as close as practicable to the target and to fire if possible at

-point-blank range for the greatest results.

-

-_a. Point-blank range._

-

-(1) _Effects._ At very close (point-blank) range almost all of the

-burning fuel can be fired at great velocity directly through ports and

-openings into the target. Maximum casualties and damage are caused in

-the hostile position.

-

-(2) _Protection._ Common sense precautions are taken to prevent

-casualties to friendly personnel from possible ricochet or rebounding

-of flame. If the target includes a vertical wall at a right angle

-to the firer or other friendly personnel, the weapon should not be

-fired at closer than 7 to 10 yards. When the weapon is fired at small

-openings in a bunker or pillbox, the firer and other members of the

-assault squad should not approach closer than 7 to 10 yards from the

-target.

-

-_b. Other effective ranges._

-

-(1) _Open fields of fire._ When thickened gasoline is used, portable

-flame throwers may fire with considerable effect as far as 40 yards

-under normal conditions, depending on wind direction and wind speed.

-Under the same conditions, liquid fuel maybe effective at 20 yards.

-Results and accuracy are not as great as at point-blank range.

-

-(2) _Jungle or thick underbrush._ If the target is located in jungle or

-thick underbrush without cleared fields of fire, the effective range of

-the flame thrower is reduced by as much as one half, depending on the

-nature and density of the vegetation.

-

-_c. Ineffective ranges._ Although the flame may reach considerably

-farther than the ranges stated in _b_ (1) above it may be useless

-because of the steep angle of descent and because much of the fuel is

-burned before it reaches the target.

-

-

-23. WIND DEFLECTION.

-

-Wind is an important factor because of the low velocity of the flaming

-fuel. Wind can lengthen, shorten, or deflect the flame.

-

-_a. Head winds._ Head winds of more than 5 miles per hour tend to carry

-heat or even flame back toward the firer. Liquid fuel should not be

-fired into a head wind of more than 5 miles per hour. The range and

-accuracy of thickened fuels is reduced.

-

-_b. Following winds or very light winds._ Best results are obtained

-under these conditions.

-

-_c. Cross winds._ When firing at or near maximum range, cross winds

-deflect, breakup, and disperse the flame. They also reduce the range.

-

-

-24. FIRING POSITIONS.

-

-_a. Ease of aiming._ The flame thrower can be fired from any position

-that permits sufficient freedom to aim the weapon, subject to the

-conditions in _b_, _c_, and _d_, below. This includes standing,

-kneeling, and prone. In some instances, flame throwers have been fired

-with tank groups resting on the ground or on skids. If used in this

-way, the tops of the fuel tanks must be propped up to conform to _b_,

-below.

-

-_b. Angles of the tanks._ When firing, the bottoms of the fuel tanks

-must always be substantially lower than the tops. The tops of both

-tanks must also each be the same distance above the horizontal and

-neither tank should be tilted to one side. Otherwise, only a small part

-of the fuel may be blown from the tanks.

-

-_c. Recoil._ Stability must be sufficient to withstand the recoil from

-the gun. If possible, the firer should hold the gun snugly against his

-right side to support it and to absorb its recoil.

-

-_d. Protection._ Full advantage should be taken of cover and

-concealment, such as shell craters and vegetation.

-

-

-25. AIMING.

-

-_a. Sighting._ There are no sights on the gun because of the short

-range from which it is fired, the variety of fuels used, and the marked

-effects of wind. (Par 23)

-

-_b. Fortifications._ When firing at a fortified position, flame must be

-directed _into openings_ (gun ports, firing slits, ventilation screens,

-doorways). Flame inside gives the desired effects, but flame on the

-outside has little effect on personnel within.

-

-_c. Thickened fuel._ (Figs 3 and 20) When firing at or near maximum

-range, it may take several seconds for a burst of thickened fuel to

-carry through the air to the target area. Short bursts may result in

-misses at long range for this reason. Skill in aiming is particularly

-important with thickened fuel.

-

-_d. Liquid fuel._ With liquid fuel, the greatest effect may be obtained

-by placing the flame directly on the target. (Fig 21)

-

-[Illustration: Fig 20. Thickened fuel flame hitting and clinging to

-target. Fuel burns for several minutes.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 21. Flame (liquid fuel) hitting target.]

-

-

-26. FIRING.

-

-With pressure-tank valve open:

-

-_a. Pull trigger._ Pull the trigger rapidly and vigorously. A flash

-should appear at the front of the gun. This shows that an incendiary

-charge of the ignition cylinder has been ignited. Release the trigger.

-(If the flash does not appear, pull the trigger again, or as often

-as necessary up to five times, until a flash appears.)

-

-_b. Squeeze fuel valve._ Immediately after pulling trigger, compress

-the valve lever and grip safety vigorously with the right hand. Burning

-fuel will be propelled from the gun.

-

-_c. Adjust fire._ Direct the flaming fuel at the target. Continue to

-squeeze the valve lever and grip safety throughout the burst. When

-thickened fuel is fired, follow the fuel with eyes to the side of the

-stream in order to observe and correct aim. (If eyes are directly

-behind the stream, the flame may obscure the target.)

-

-

-27. CEASING OR INTERRUPTING FIRE.

-

-To cease or interrupt firing, release the controls.

-

-

-28. ADDITIONAL BURSTS.

-

-To fire additional bursts, repeat procedure followed in Paragraphs

-26 and 27, keeping in mind that there are five incendiary charges in

-the ignition cylinder and that the total firing time, not including

-time between bursts, is approximately 8 to 9 seconds. Each of the five

-incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder burns for from 8 to 12

-seconds.

-

-

-29. SOAKING THE TARGET.

-

-When liquid fuel is used, it may be desirable to soak the target with

-fuel first and ignite it afterward. To do this, fire one or two short

-bursts without pulling the trigger. Then follow with an ignited burst,

-as in Paragraph 26.

-

-

-30. AFTER FIRING.

-

-When the firer has returned from his mission, he should:

-

-_a._ Remove and discard the ignition cylinder, as follows:

-

-(1) Point gun at the ground.

-

-(2) Press latch. (Fig 14)

-

-(3) Unscrew the ignition shield and allow ignition cylinder to fall

-out. (Be careful to keep the hands away from the front of the cylinder.)

-

-(4) Save the partly used cylinder for training use or destroy it by

-firing from gun after fuel tanks have been emptied. For information on

-care, handling, and storage of cylinders, see Paragraph 31.

-

-_b._ Close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle clockwise

-(to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank).

-

-_c._ Point the gun away from personnel and blow out the remaining

-fuel, if any, from the fuel tanks by squeezing the valve

-lever and grip safety until there is no further discharge. The

-trigger should not be used during this operation.

-

-_d._ Take off tank group from the back.

-

-_e._ Inspect, clean, and maintain the flame thrower (Pars 55 and 56)

-or, if experienced maintenance personnel is close at hand, turn the

-weapon over to them for servicing.

-

-_f._ After servicing, place the weapon in the packing chest (Par 77)

-for protected storage, or prepare it for the next mission. (Pars 50

-through 53)

-

-

-

-

-Section VIII AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

-

-

-31. IGNITION CYLINDER.

-

-_a. Description and functioning._ (Figs 13 and 22) Either the M1 or

-E1 ignition cylinder may be used. It fits over the fore part of the

-barrel assembly and is revolved by the spring case. (Par 76) The five

-incendiary charges in the cylinder are spaced sufficiently far apart

-in the plastic body to prevent their igniting one another. Lead-foil

-seals, plastic closure plates, and waterproof cement make the unit

-comparatively waterproof.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 22. Cutaway view of ignition cylinder (M1 or E1).]

-

-_b. Action._ When the trigger rod is pushed forward, one of five metal

-matches tipped with red phosphorus scratches an igniting mixture. The

-ignition carries to a starter mix and to a few grains of black powder

-on top of the incendiary charge. The black powder blows the foil seal

-and closure plate clear of the flame thrower, and the incendiary

-charge ignites the fuel as it is discharged from the nozzle. The

-incendiary charge burns for from 8 to 12 seconds.

-

-_c. Packing._ Ignition cylinders are packed two per waterproof can.

-Three cans are furnished with each flame thrower. Fifty cans (100

-ignition cylinders) are contained in each packing box of extra

-cylinders.

-

-_d. Care, handling, and storage._ Ignition cylinders contain hazardous

-incendiary material and must be handled with due care. The following

-precautions should be observed.

-

-(1) _Opening cans._ Do not open cans containing cylinders until ready

-to load for a mission. (Par 18) If an extra cylinder remains in an

-opened can, use it as soon as possible. Any defective cylinders, such

-as those with damaged closure plates, should be destroyed. (Pars 30 and

-46) Moisture may affect the cylinders and all possible care should be

-taken to avoid exposing them to dampness.

-

-(2) _Handling cylinders._ Pressure on any of the five metal matches

-(Fig 13) may ignite an incendiary charge in the cylinder. Care must

-be exercised to avoid putting pressure on the projecting ends of the

-matches except when firing the weapon. Ignition cylinders and cylinder

-containers should be protected against shock. Boxes and cans containing

-cylinders must not be thrown or dropped.

-

-(3) _Storing containers._ Containers of ignition cylinders are best

-stored in a dry, well-ventilated place, out of the direct rays of the

-sun, well protected against excessive temperatures. Smoking is not

-permitted and matches are not used where ignition cylinders are stored.

-

-

-32. CHARGING PRESSURE TANK.

-

-_a. General._ The pressure tank of the flame thrower must be fully

-charged with compressed air or compressed nitrogen before the start of

-a mission. For the M2-2 flame thrower, a pressure of at least 1,700

-pounds per square inch is required. This may be provided either by the

-use of an air compressor capable of producing a pressure of at least

-1,700 pounds per square inch, or by the use of commercial cylinders.

-The filling and charging lines from the service kit are used in

-conjunction with the cylinders. Before and after charging, follow the

-procedures described in Paragraphs 51 and 55.

-

-_b. Charging from air compressor._ Compressor, air, gasoline engine

-driven, 7CFM, M1, is a self-contained, skid-mounted machine designed

-for use with flame throwers. It is capable of charging pressure tanks

-of flame throwers and large 200- or 220-cubic-foot commercial cylinders

-as well. Instructions for use of the compressor will be found in the

-manual accompanying it.

-

-_c. Charging from cylinders._ If an air compressor is not available,

-it is necessary to use cylinders containing nitrogen or air.

-

-(1) _Volume and pressure._ Cylinders come charged with 200 to 220 cubic

-feet of air or nitrogen. Since cylinders with 220 cubic feet of air or

-nitrogen have a higher initial pressure, it is recommended that they

-be procured, if obtainable. All cylinders used must have a pressure of

-at least 600 pounds per square inch. One or more of the cylinders must

-have a pressure of at least 1,800 pounds per square inch. Two or more

-cylinders, preferably at least four, should be used, if available.

-

-(2) _Charging capacity._ Fully charged cylinders, if properly used in

-rotation, have capacity for charging pressure tanks approximately as

-follows:

-

-  1 cylinder (used alone)           2 pressure tanks

-  2 cylinders (in combination)      6 pressure tanks

-  4 cylinders (in combination)     24 pressure tanks

-  5 cylinders (in combination)     36 pressure tanks

-  6 cylinders (in combination)     48 pressure tanks

-

-(3) _Apparatus._ The apparatus for charging two pressure tanks by

-the use of cylinders consists of a filling line, two charging lines,

-and two cylinders. (Fig 23) The filling line and charging lines are

-obtained from the service kit. (Par 48) Plugs are provided to close off

-either half of the filling line when only one flame-thrower tank group

-is to be charged.

-

-(4) _Warning._ Oxygen is sometimes shipped in cylinders having the same

-threads as nitrogen cylinders. If oxygen not mixed with nitrogen, as in

-air, is introduced into the fuel tanks of the portable flame thrower,

-a violent explosion may result. Therefore, the greatest care must be

-exercised to see that only air or nitrogen is used. _Before a cylinder

-is connected, it should be tested to determine that it does not

-contain straight oxygen or some combustible gas._ This may be done by

-introducing a burning splint into a jet of the contents. Oxygen causes

-the splint to burn quickly, whereas nitrogen extinguishes the flame. To

-make the test:

-

-(_a_) Fasten a thin splint of wood to a wire at least a foot long.

-

-(_b_) Ignite the splint.

-

-(_c_) Stand aside and hold it before the cylinder outlet.

-

-(_d_) Crack the valve slightly to permit a small stream of gas to

-emerge.

-

-(_e_) If the flame flares up, the gas is oxygen and _MUST NOT_ be used.

-

-(_f_) If the gas itself catches fire, it may be hydrogen, acetylene, or

-some other combustible gas, which also must not be used.

-

-(5) _Attaching lines to cylinders._ (Fig 23) The procedure for charging

-two flame thrower pressure tanks from two cylinders of nitrogen or

-compressed air begins as follows:

-

-(_a_) Remove the valve-protection caps from the cylinders.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 23. Charging two pressure tanks, using charging and

-filling lines, and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen.]

-

-(_b_) Place the cylinders side by side with both outlets facing in the

-same direction. (If the ground is not level enough for the cylinders to

-stand up side by side, lay them horizontally with both outlets face up.)

-

-(_c_) Before attaching the filling line to the cylinders, blow out

-dust. (Par 33) Then connect, using wrenches to make the joints pressure

-tight. Do not kink or bend the flexible hose. Cylinders must be close

-enough together to prevent strain on the flexible hose.

-

-(_d_) Attach a charging line to each of the two couplings on the

-filling line.

-

-(6) _Attaching charging lines to pressure tanks._

-

-(_a_) Close pressure-tank valves.

-

-(_b_) Unscrew caps from check valves.

-

-(_c_) Screw the charging-line fittings onto the check valves.

-

-(_d_) Close bleeders.

-

-(7) _Charging._ The operation of charging two pressure tanks from two

-cylinders is as follows:

-

-(_a_) Close both filling-line valves.

-

-(_b_) Open cylinder valves.

-

-(_c_) Determine which cylinder has the lower pressure by the gages.

-Open the filling-line valve at the gage showing the lower pressure and

-fill the pressure tanks to the pressure shown by the gage. Close the

-valve. Then open the other filling-line valve and fill the pressure

-tanks until they reach pressures of at least 1,700 pounds per square

-inch as shown by the gage.

-

-(_d_) When the pressure tanks have been filled, close the filling-line

-valves. Open the bleeders on the charging lines and leave them open

-until the pressure in the charging lines is released. Then close

-bleeders. Remove the charging-line fittings from the check valves.

-Screw the threaded caps on the check valves and tighten caps with a

-wrench.

-

-(_e_) Repeat steps in (_a_) through (_d_) above for as many pairs of

-empty flame-thrower tanks as require charging.

-

-(8) _To insure proper pressure._ Care should be taken to make certain

-that the compression delivered to the flame-thrower pressure tank is a

-full 1,700 pounds per square inch.

-

-(_a_) If a filling-line valve leaks, tighten the packing nut on the

-valve with a wrench.

-

-(_b_) When the higher pressure shown on the filling-line gages is less

-than 1,700 pounds per square inch, close the filling-line valve and the

-cylinder valve on the cylinder having the lower pressure. Remove and

-replace this cylinder with a fully charged cylinder. With chalk, mark

-the pressure on the cylinder which has been withdrawn.

-

-(9) _After charging._ When charging has been completed:

-

-(_a_) Close the filling-line valves. Observe the pressure indicated on

-each gage and mark the pressure on each cylinder using crayon, chalk,

-or pencil.

-

-(_b_) Close the valves on the cylinders.

-

-(_c_) Remove the charging-line fittings from the check valves, replace

-the threaded caps on the check valves, and tighten caps with a wrench.

-

-(_d_) Remove the filling lines from the cylinders. Use two wrenches and

-take care not to twist or kink the flexible hose. Support the lines

-during the operation so that their full weight does not hang on the

-flexible hose during removal.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 24. Arrangement of cylinders and lines for charging

-four flame throwers. Flexible hose (assembly E81-3-6) from service kit

-is used to connect two filling lines.]

-

-(10) _Use of four-place lines._ (Fig 24) The filling and charging lines

-found in two or more service kits may be combined for more efficient

-charging of large numbers of pressure tanks. An additional flexible

-hose is provided in each service kit for connecting two filling lines.

-The procedure for charging is similar to that described above for

-the two-place line. Air or nitrogen is taken first from the cylinder

-with the lowest pressure and last from the cylinder with the highest

-pressure. See _a_ (2) above.

-

-

-33. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PRESSURE-CHARGING.

-

-Personnel will familiarize themselves with the following precautions:

-

-_a. Handling._ Handle all cylinders and flame throwers carefully;

-never drop them and never subject them to shocks or blows. Keep

-valve-protection caps secured when cylinders are being handled, except

-when such handling is incident to the use of the nitrogen or air.

-

-_b. Storage._ Keep all cylinders and charged flame throwers or tank

-groups (Par 77) in open or closed storage. They must, however, be

-protected from dampness and excessive rise in temperature caused by the

-direct rays of the sun or other source of heat. Avoid storing them near

-highly flammable substances, or in places where they may be struck by

-moving objects. Segregate empty cylinders to avoid confusion.

-

-_c. Personnel._ Do not attempt to use compressed gases unless trained

-in this work. Use gases only for the purposes for which they are

-intended.

-

-_d. Cylinder valves._ Do not tamper with safety devices in cylinder

-valves. If available, use the proper replacement parts for safety

-devices which are in need of repair. If such parts are not available,

-do not attempt to use makeshifts or nonstandard parts.

-

-_e. Opening of valves._ Open valves slowly and fully each time nitrogen

-or compressed air is transferred from a cylinder. When a wrench is

-used, be sure it is one that fits properly, and that it is kept ready

-for instant use while the compressed gas is being released.

-

-_f. Threads._ See that threads match before making connections. Some

-valves are provided with special threads which must be matched by the

-threads in the equipment being connected.

-

-_g. Correct equipment._ Use gages, regulators, hose, pipe, and tubing

-of the type manufactured or specified for the particular apparatus or

-compressed gas.

-

-_h. Repair._ Never attempt to alter or repair a cylinder.

-

-_i. Flames and sparks._ Do not permit flames, sparks, or ignition from

-the flame thrower or other source to touch hose.

-

-_j. Blowing out dust._ Immediately before coupling an attachment to the

-pressure tank or cylinder valve, open it for an instant to blow out any

-dust or dirt. Never stand where gas or dirt may be blown into the eyes

-or face. If the valve is difficult to open, apply more force gradually.

-

-_k. Special devices._ Do not attempt to use any special connections or

-equipment without the approval of a qualified expert.

-

-_l. Keeping valves closed._ Keep the valve of each cylinder closed when

-its contents are not actually being released from or admitted to the

-cylinder. This applies alike to all cylinders, whether they contain a

-compressed gas or are empty.

-

-

-34. CHARACTERISTICS OF FUELS.

-

-Thickened fuels give up to twice the range of liquid fuels. The stream

-of thickened fuel is comparatively narrow. Most of the glue-like fuel

-clings to and burns in or on the target for as long as 6 minutes.

-Liquid fuels, on the other hand, are largely consumed in flight to the

-target. If the location of small openings in the target is known, the

-stream of thickened fuel can be spotted by accurate aiming so that

-most of the fuel enters directly into the openings. While it does not

-billow around corners as does liquid fuel, thickened fuel strikes the

-target with force enough to ricochet inside. It clings to skin and

-clothing while burning. It also has excellent incendiary effects. The

-initial flame and smoke are less from thickened fuel than from liquid

-fuel, but the lower visibility, greater range, and much longer burning

-period of thickened fuel compensate for its smaller screening effect.

-Liquid fuels are easier to pour when filling than are thickened fuels.

-

-

-35. PREPARATION OF THICKENED FUELS.

-

-_a. Ingredients._ Thickened fuels consist of U.S. Army fuel thickener

-mixed with fuel.

-

-(1) _Thickener._ U.S. Army thickener is supplied in airtight cans, each

-containing 5-1/4 pounds of the material.

-

-(2) _Gasoline and fuel oil._ Gasoline alone is often used with

-thickener, but mixtures of gasoline and light fuel oil may be used

-satisfactorily. The light fuel oil can be either No. 1 fuel oil, No.

-2 fuel oil, automotive diesel oil, or kerosene. These mixtures give

-more heat and do not form crusts. Except in hot climates, 75 percent

-or more of the mixture by weight or volume should be gasoline. (If too

-much light fuel oil is included, the fuel tends to separate into two

-layers.) In tropical theaters, a thickened blend of 50 percent gasoline

-and 50 percent light fuel oil has been reported to give favorable

-results. Storage qualities are not known, however. Another mixture

-which has been well recommended in field reports is 15 gallons of

-gasoline to 5 gallons of diesel fuel oil. Issue gasoline may be used,

-but locally procured gasolines which contain alcohol are not suitable.

-

-_b. Proportion of thickener to fuel._ Less thickener is recommended

-than formerly. A low ratio of thickener gives a thickened fuel with

-many of the characteristics of liquid fuel. One can of thickener to 20

-U.S. gallons of gasoline, or gasoline and light fuel-oil mixture, gives

-good results. This is a 4.2 percent by weight mixture. Except in hot

-weather, a fuel mixture of less than 3 percent thickener requires such

-long stirring that its preparation is impractical.

-

-_c. Equipment._ An open-head 55-gallon or 42-gallon drum and an

-improvised wooden mixing paddle are used. Five-gallon cans may

-be employed to transfer the ingredients. The paddle should be

-approximately 5 feet long, 2 inches wide, and 1 inch thick. If a

-standard 55-gallon, open-head drum with an internal diameter of 27-7/16

-inches is used, the improvised paddle should be marked to indicate

-gallons as follows:

-

-  _Gallons_       _Inches_

-      40           23-1/2

-      20           11-3/4

-

-Do not use a metal paddle because of the danger of striking a spark

-from the drum. Never use galvanized containers for mixing and storing

-thickened fuels. These may cause the fuel to break down and become

-excessively thin. An improvised funnel may be helpful in filling drums

-with prepared fuel for aging or transporting.

-

-_d. Temperatures._

-

-(1) _Below 50 degrees._ If the temperature is below 50 degrees

-Fahrenheit, it is helpful to prepare thickened fuel indoors, in a

-heated room. All precautions should be particularly observed. (Par 40)

-

-(2) _Above 90 degrees._ When the fuel is hotter than 90 degrees

-Fahrenheit, the thickener reacts very rapidly. In this case, it is

-easier to prepare batches of 20 gallons each, but any number of batches

-may be prepared in succession.

-

-_e. Moisture._

-

-(1) _Effect of moisture._ Water in thickened fuel breaks down or

-reduces the viscosity of the gel and thereby reduces the range of the

-flame thrower. This effect may not be noticeable at once, but the

-stability of the fuel is affected.

-

-(2) _Dryness of thickener._ Dry thickener is extremely hygroscopic,

-that is, it absorbs moisture from the atmosphere very rapidly. For this

-reason, thickener is shipped in hermetically sealed tin cans containing

-the exact quantity of powder required for mixing with 20 gallons

-of fuel to prepare a 4.2 percent mixture. It is important that the

-gasoline or fuel oil and gasoline be measured out before the thickener

-container is opened. The powder then should be poured immediately into

-the liquid.

-

-(3) _Dryness of containers._ It is important that all containers used

-in mixing and handling the fuel be dry.

-

-(4) _Keeping water out of gasoline._ Gasoline, especially when it has

-been stored in vented containers, frequently includes free water.

-Therefore, when using gasoline from a bulk-storage tank or an open

-drum, first place it in a clean, dry drum; allow it to stand quietly

-for at least an hour; then carefully pour off the gasoline from the top

-and discard the last gallon or two.

-

-_f. Pouring and stirring._ (Fig 25) The liquid fuel is poured into the

-open drum; a pail or a paddle (Par 35 _c_) is used for measuring. One

-man then stirs the fuel vigorously. Another takes a can of thickener,

-splits it with a machete, bayonet, or ax, and pours it immediately

-into the fuel. Any large lumps of powder are broken by hand before the

-powder is added to the fuel. When mixing 40 gallons at a time, the

-two cans of thickener should be opened and added to the fuel in rapid

-succession. If the contents of the first can are permitted to gel

-before adding the second can, it will be difficult to obtain a uniform

-mix. Continue to stir.

-

-

-[Illustration: Fig 25. Measuring fuel ingredient into mixing drum.

-Paddle for measuring and stirring is improvised.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 26. Transferring newly mixed thickened fuel from

-mixing drum to storage or shipping container for aging.]

-

-_g. Examining fuel._ Lift the paddle quickly. If the mixture drops

-or runs from the paddle, additional stirring is necessary. When the

-paddle comes out clean, except for an adhering film, stirring should be

-stopped, provided there is no further visible

-

-settling of particles of thickener.

-

-_h. Loading shipping drums._ When stirring is completed, the mix is

-immediately bucketed (Fig 26) through a funnel into the shipping drum.

-The second bung hole should be open, if possible, to provide a vent

-to aid in pouring. Two men do the bucketing, each handling one pail

-so that the funnel may be kept loaded with mix and the shipping drum

-filled as rapidly as possible. Finally, the open-end drum should be

-picked up and its contents poured into the funnel. Not more than 50

-gallons of thickened fuel should be loaded into a 55-gallon drum. The

-funnel should then be removed and replaced by a plug. The vent opening

-of the drum should also be closed. (See Paragraph 39 for pressure

-method of filling storage drums.)

-

-_i. Unused thickener._ Any thickener remaining in opened cans should be

-discarded. Since moisture in the air can quickly ruin its properties,

-no attempt should be made to save it.

-

-_j. Aging and storing._ Newly mixed fuel has the appearance of tapioca

-pudding. (Fig 27) It should preferably be stored overnight before

-use. It may, however, be fired within 1 hour after mixing. To keep

-fuel in good condition, drums for shipping and storing must be clean,

-moistureproof, dry, strong, and unrusted, but not galvanized. They must

-be kept tightly closed and should be laid on their sides so that rain

-water will not collect around the bungs.

-

-_k. Testing fuel._ Before use on missions, all fuels should be tested

-by being fired from a flame thrower. This is advisable because the

-characteristics of the fuel ingredients often vary.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 27. Contrasting newly mixed thickened fuel (right)

-with aged fuel (left).]

-

-

-36. PREPARATION OF LIQUID FUELS.

-

-_a. Choice of ingredients._ Thin fuels are easy to ignite, but they

-lack range and are largely burned in flight before reaching the target.

-For this reason, liquid fuels should contain the lowest proportion

-of gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier oils that permits

-easy ignition. In hot climates, less gasoline is needed than in cold

-climates. Exactness of proportion, however, is not of great importance.

-Suitable blends are as follows:

-

-(1) Equal parts by weight or by volume of gasoline, light fuel oil, and

-heavy (bunker) fuel oil. The light fuel oil can be either No. 1 fuel

-oil, No. 2 fuel oil, automotive diesel oil, or kerosene.

-

-(2) One part gasoline to four parts of cleaned crankcase drainings.

-(Par 36_e_) Unused motor lubricating oil can be employed in place

-of crankcase drainings, but usually it will be unavailable for

-flame-thrower use.

-

-_b. Preparation of ingredients._ Before mixing blends, the following

-steps should be taken:

-

-(1) _Gasoline, diesel oils, and fuel oils._ These fuel materials should

-be allowed to stand quietly for at least 30 minutes to permit any small

-quantity of water present to settle to the bottom. When transferring

-the fuel to another container, remove the fuel carefully so that no

-water is remixed with it.

-

-(2) _Crankcase drainings._ If possible, crankcase drainings should

-be allowed to stand quietly in a container for at least 1 day. When

-pouring, take care to prevent the transfer of any of the sludge which

-may have settled in the bottom of the container.

-

-_c. Equipment._ An open-head 55-gallon or 42-gallon drum and an

-improvised wooden mixing paddle are used. The paddle should be

-approximately 5 feet long, 2 inches wide, and 1 inch thick. A metal

-paddle should not be provided because of the danger of striking a spark

-from the drum. Five-gallon cans may also be furnished for measuring and

-transferring ingredients. Clean, unrusted, steel storage drums should

-be at hand. They should be at least 16-gage to have sufficient strength

-to withstand the internal vapor pressure of the fuel.

-

-_d. Stirring._ All the ingredients should be stirred in the drum with

-the paddle until they appear to form a uniform mixture. This should

-require approximately 2 minutes.

-

-_e. Crankcase-draining blends._ If crankcase drainings are used as

-an ingredient (Par 36_b_), it is preferable to allow the prepared

-mixture to settle for 24 hours after stirring, because the gasoline in

-the mixture may cause additional sludge to be deposited. Even after

-this settling period, it is recommended that the mixture be poured

-through cheesecloth or some similar fabric before the flame thrower

-is filled. Crankcase-draining blends should be allowed to stay in the

-flame thrower only long enough for completion of a mission, because

-additional sludge which may form from standing will clog the weapon.

-

-_f. Transferring._ The mixture should be transferred either directly

-into the flame-thrower fuel tanks (Pars 37 through 40) or into storage

-drums. (Par 35_h_)

-

-_g. Emergency mixing in fuel tanks._ In an emergency, mixing can be

-done in the flame-thrower fuel tanks by adding the ingredients in

-correct proportions and then shaking or stirring.

-

-_h. Testing fuel._ Before fuel is used on a mission, it should be

-tested, if possible, by being fired from a flame thrower.

-

-_i. Storage._ Fuels may be used immediately after preparation. If

-the blend contains crankcase oils, the fuel should be fired as soon

-as practicable after filling. Other liquid blends may be stored

-indefinitely until required for use. For storage precautions see

-Paragraph 40. The storage drums also should be kept tightly closed to

-prevent loss of gasoline through evaporation and to prevent moisture

-from entering the fuel. If stored in the open, the drums should be laid

-on their sides so that rain water will not collect adjacent to the

-bungs. An unrusted and undamaged 16-gage or 18-gage drum has sufficient

-strength to withstand the internal vapor pressure of the fuel.

-

-

-37. FILLING BY POURING.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 28. Filling fuel tanks by pouring. Any clean

-container may be used. A funnel may be improvised.]

-

-(Fig 28) This method is the simplest and quickest for liquid fuel,

-but it may be too slow for some thickened fuels. The procedure is as

-follows:

-

-_a._ Stand the tank group on the ground or a platform. If the tank

-group is not connected to the gun group, lock coupling plug in tank

-coupling. (Par 70)

-

-_b._ Using a 1-3/4-inch wrench, unscrew the filling plug and the

-safety-head plug.

-

-_c._ Inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign

-matter. If not clean, flush with gasoline.

-

-_d._ Using an improvised funnel, fill to within 2 inches of the top of

-both plug openings. This allows sufficient void. The tanks will then

-contain approximately 4 gallons of fuel.

-

-_e._ Wipe the fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean,

-dry cloth. (Fig 29) If plug has a tendency to freeze to seat, lubricate

-(Par 49 _b_) before screwing in the filling and safety-head plug

-assemblies. Tighten with wrench.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 29. Wiping plug seat.]

-

-_f._ Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.

-

-

-38. FILLING BY FORCE PUMP.

-

-A force pump, if available, may be installed with a short length of

-pipe in the top opening of a drum of fuel for filling flame-thrower

-fuel tanks. Keep working parts of pump clean.

-

-

-39. FILLING BY BLOWING.

-

-Thickened fuel may be readily forced into the fuel tanks of flame

-throwers by the use of extremely low pressures of compressed air or

-nitrogen. Flame thrower fuel filling kit E6 or equivalent may be used.

-When equipment is available, filling by blowing is more efficient for

-filling large numbers of flame throwers with thickened fuel. Pouring

-or pumping are more time-consuming, depending on the consistency of

-the gel. The consistency may vary among batches even when the same

-proportion of thickener is used. The amount of moisture in the fuel

-seems to cause this variation. The precautions listed in Paragraph 40

-should be observed.

-

-

-[Illustration: Fig 30. Blowing thickened fuel into fuel tanks by use of

-cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen.]

-

-_a. Source of pressure._ When the pressure in cylinders of compressed

-air or nitrogen has fallen too low to be of further use in filling

-pressure tanks of flame throwers, the remaining pressure may be used

-to blow fuel into fuel tanks if the regulator valve can reduce pressure

-down to 20 pounds per square inch. For precautions, see Paragraph 33.

-An air compressor or a hand air pump (tire pump) may be used in place

-of a cylinder if the latter is not available. Pressure of _no more than

-15 to 20 pounds_ per square inch should be used on the fuel drums. Only

-a diaphragm-type regulator valve can be used safely. This valve must be

-capable of regulating any pressure that may be applied to it.

-

-_b. Drums._ Clean, noncorroded, steel, 55-gallon drums should be used.

-Drums of United States manufacture which meet requirements will be

-stamped ICC-5 or ICC-5A, followed by three numbers in sequence, for

-example, “14-55-44.” The number “14” indicates the gage of the metal;

-“55” indicates the capacity in gallons; and “44” indicates the year

-of manufacture. A steel drum of 14 gage, or heavier, is preferable,

-but lighter drums (of 16 or 18 gage) may be used. Drums made of gages

-lighter than 18 gage (20-or 22-gage) must not be used. Drums should

-never be moved while under pressure.

-

-_c. Connections._ The source of pressure (see _a_ above), the drum

-of fuel, the fuel-filling line, the air hose, and other parts, are

-connected as shown in Figure 30. Threaded adapters are used, as

-necessary, to fit lines to the drum. All threaded connections should

-be made tight by the use of wrenches on the joints. The drum and the

-pressure cylinder (if the latter is used) should be laid on their sides

-on the ground or a platform. The opening of the drum connected to the

-fuel-filling hose should be close to the ground or platform. If tank

-group is filled without gun group, lock coupling plug (Par 70) in tank

-coupling.

-

-_d. Procedure._ To fill fuel tanks:

-

-(1) Remove both the filling and safety-head plugs.

-

-(2) Inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign

-matter. If not clean, flush with gasoline.

-

-(3) Place end of fuel-filling hose in either one of the two fuel-tank

-plug holes, using a nipple as a spout.

-

-(4) Start air compressor or pump, or open the valve on the cylinder of

-compressed air or nitrogen. Open regulator valve on filling line by

-turning handle _slowly_ until gage shows 15 to 20 pounds pressure, but

-no more. _Caution_: “Cracking,” or opening a cylinder valve without

-using the proper regulator valve (Par 39 _a_), may result in explosive

-pressure in the drums.

-

-(5) Both tanks must be filled to within 2 inches of their tops. Close

-valve on fuel-filling hose to halt flow at this level.

-

-(6) If no additional flame throwers are to be filled, close

-pressure-cylinder valve, or stop compressor or pump. Then, using

-wrench, slightly loosen the air line at the drum, allowing pressure

-to bleed. When the pressure in the drum has fallen to that of the

-atmosphere, close regulator valve.

-

-(7) Roll drum slightly and gently until fuel-filling hose is at top of

-drum.

-

-(8) If there are valves on each end of the fuel-filling hose, use

-wrench to slightly loosen hose, allowing gradual escape of pressure.

-Stand away from, and at the side of, the connection. Keep hose pointed

-away from other personnel. When all pressure has been released,

-complete unscrewing of hose.

-

-(9) Wipe fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean, dry

-cloth. Then screw in filling plug and safety-head plug assemblies,

-applying grease (Par 49 _b_) if plug tends to freeze to seat. Tighten

-with wrench. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.

-

-

-40. PRECAUTIONS WITH FUELS.

-

-_a. Flammability._ All fuels used in flame throwers obviously are

-highly flammable and must be handled, stored, and used with extreme

-care. Diesel oil, fuel oil, and kerosene require the same care as does

-gasoline.

-

-_b. Indoor storage._ When it becomes necessary to handle gasoline in

-a room or building, the windows and doors should be open and care

-taken that no unprotected flame which might ignite the fumes is in the

-vicinity. The doors and windows should remain open for a sufficient

-length of time afterward to allow any vaporized gasoline to escape.

-

-_c. Flames and sparks._ The presence of open flames, heated stoves,

-electrical tools and apparatus, and other equipment likely to cause

-sparks must not be permitted. Even nails and metal cleats in shoes are

-a potential hazard in the presence of combustible fumes.

-

-_d. Smoking._ “No Smoking” signs must be posted in prominent places

-about the premises and the rule against smoking must be strictly

-enforced.

-

-_e. Ventilation and cleaning._ The buildings in which fuel is stored

-or used must be well ventilated and thoroughly cleaned every day. No

-rubbish or other flammable material should be permitted to remain in or

-near such buildings.

-

-_f. Spillage._ Care should be taken that fuel is not spilled. Any

-spillage should be removed promptly.

-

-_g. Safety cans._ Safety cans should be used, if possible, for storing

-small quantities of gasoline, as they have covers that must be forcibly

-held open to remove or add gasoline.

-

-_h. Rags._ Metal receptacles with metal lids should be provided for

-discarded, oily, or gasoline-soaked rags. These rags must be disposed

-of daily.

-

-_i. Electrical apparatus._ Vaporproof incandescent electric lamps,

-switches, and other appliances of approved type should be used. Open

-switches, relays, and similar apparatus, or motors with commutators,

-must not be used where gasoline fumes may be encountered.

-

-_j. Hose._ Flexible metal, rubber, and rubber-metal hose should be

-inspected regularly (at least four times a year) and discarded when

-noticeably deteriorated.

-

-_k. Toxic fumes._ Gasoline fumes are somewhat toxic and should not be

-inhaled.

-

-_l. Leaks._ Leaks must never be neglected, and the fact that gasoline

-is a dangerous liquid must always be kept in mind. Inspections for

-leaks should be made frequently, particularly at pipe and hose joints.

-

-_m. Fire extinguishers._ Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, or

-foam-type fire extinguishers should be provided and located where they

-will be accessible in the event of fire. Sand, not water, should be

-thrown on burning fuel if suitable extinguishers are not available.

-

-_n. Leaded gasoline._ Gasoline often contains a poisonous lead

-compound. Such gasoline, or fuel containing leaded gasoline, should not

-be allowed to touch the body, especially the lips, eyes, open cuts, and

-sores.

-

-

-

-

-Section IX OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS

-

-

-41. WET CONDITIONS.

-

-The M2-2 flame thrower may be carried and fired successfully in the

-rain or even after short immersion in water. After use when wet, it

-should be dried to prevent rusting, cleaned, and lubricated. (Pars 49

-and 55) Areas where paint has worn off should be touched up with fresh

-paint. The weapon should be stored in a dry place. Moisture must not be

-allowed to enter fuel, ingredients of fuel, or containers of ignition

-cylinders.

-

-

-42. DUST AND MUD.

-

-Keep all possible dust, earth, and mud out of the flame thrower;

-particles may interfere with the operation of spring case, valves,

-bearings, and pressure regulator. Store weapons and auxiliary equipment

-in closed chests and boxes when not in use. (Par 77) Clean before use.

-(Pars 51 and 52)

-

-

-43. HEAT.

-

-A hot climate or exposure to the sun makes the fuel thinner when in

-containers. Thin fuel has shorter range; it is largely consumed in the

-air before it reaches usual effective ranges. Where the climate is

-torrid, less gasoline or other thinning agents should be used in a fuel

-blend than normally. (Pars 34 through 36)

-

-

-44. COLD.

-

-Cold weather reduces total heat produced at target but seldom enough

-to seriously lower value of a firing mission. Incendiary effects may

-be decreased because materiel is less flammable when cold. The weapon

-may be used at temperatures as low as minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit. To

-improve ignition, use more gasoline in fuel than normally. (Pars 34

-through 36)

-

-

-45. WIND.

-

-Flame throwers should not be fired into strong head winds or across

-strong side winds. (Par 23)

-

-

-

-

-Section X DEMOLITION TO PREVENT ENEMY USE

-

-

-46. DESTRUCTION PROCEDURE.

-

-If circumstances should force abandonment of chemical warfare materiel

-in the field, it is destroyed or rendered useless to prevent its use or

-study by the enemy. The following methods are recommended:

-

-_a. Flame thrower._ One or more small-arms bullets through the fuel

-tanks will prevent any immediate use of the flame thrower. Additional

-rounds may be put through the pressure tank. If the pressure tank is

-charged, the pressure-tank valve should be opened for a few seconds,

-thus permitting the contents to dissipate. This is necessary if rounds

-are to be fired point-blank. The gun may be rendered useless by bending

-it over a hard object. A sledge or ax will demolish valves and tubes. A

-fragmentation grenade will also achieve demolition.

-

-_b. Filling and charging apparatus._ The flexible tubing, gages, and

-valves may be destroyed by blows with an ax, sledge, or other heavy

-instrument. The large pressure cylinders are rendered useless by

-releasing the contents and then destroying the valves by blows with an

-ax or sledge. Cylinders can be stacked like cordwood in groups of five

-and demolished by the detonation of four 1/2-pound blocks (2 pounds) of

-TNT in their midst. The air compressor may be destroyed by a similar

-procedure.

-

-_c. Fuel._ Burn.

-

-_d. Mixing apparatus._ Containers and filling lines may be rendered

-useless by ax or sledge blows, or by small-arms fire.

-

-_e. Thickener._ Cans of thickener should be broken open. Contents

-should be thrown into a fire or into a body of water.

-

-_f. Ignition cylinders._ Burn to destroy. Personnel should stay

-several yards from the fire because the cylinders ignite with a slight

-detonation.

-

-

-

-

-PART THREE

-

-MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

-

-

-

-

-Section XI GENERAL

-

-

-47. SCOPE.

-

-Part Three contains information for the guidance of the personnel of

-the using organizations responsible for the maintenance (1st and 2nd

-echelon) of this equipment. It contains information needed for the

-performance of the scheduled lubrication and preventive maintenance

-services as well as descriptions of the major systems and units and

-their functions in relation to other components of the equipment.

-

-

-

-

-Section XII SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

-

-

-48. SERVICE KIT.

-

-One service kit for portable flame thrower M2-2 will be furnished

-for each six M2-2 portable flame throwers. The kit includes tools,

-equipment, and spare parts for second echelon maintenance and for

-pressure-tank charging. Adjustable wrenches may be included in place of

-the plain-end wrenches listed. Numbers listed with items are Chemical

-Warfare Service stock numbers. Approximate contents are as follows:

-

-_a. Tools._

-

-  1 Screwdriver, cabinet, 4-1/2-inch blade length, 3/16-inch blade

-  diameter, H22-50-13. (Fig 8)

-

-  1 Screw driver, common, 6-inch blade length, 5/16-inch blade

-  diameter, H22-50-6. (Fig 8)

-

-  2 Wrenches, hex, 3/16 inch across flats (for 3/8-inch socket-head set

-  screws), H22-49-91.

-

-  2 Wrenches, hex, 1/8 inch across flats (for 1/4-inch socket-head set

-  screws), H22-49-12. (Fig 8)

-

-  1 Wrench, valve-adjusting, assembly A81-6-48. (Fig 8)

-

-  1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-1/2-inch openings, 12 inches

-  approx length, H22-49-113. (Fig 8)

-

-  1 Wrench, engineers’, double head, 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch openings, 9

-  inches approx length, H22-49-115. (Fig 8)

-

-  1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-3/4-inch openings, 12 inches

-  approx length, A81-6-49. (Fig 8)

-

-  1 Wrench, engineers’, single head, 1-1/8-inch opening, 10-1/2 inches

-  approx length, H22-49-31. (Fig 8)

-

-  1 Wrench, adjustable, single end, 6 inches approx length

-  (crescent-type), H22-49-67. (Fig 8)

-

-_b. Accessories and spare parts._

-

-  1 Line, filling, pressure cylinder, assembly C81-3-4. (Fig 23)

-

-  1 Hose, flexible, assembly E81-3-6. (Fig 24)

-

-  2 Lines, charging, pressure cylinder, assembly B81-3-29. (Fig 23)

-

-  1 Tank and valve, pressure, assembly (less shaft and handle)

-  B81-1-374. (Fig 33)

-

-  1 Shaft, flexible, valve, assembly E81-1-470. (Fig 33)

-

-  1 Handle, valve, A81-1-473. (Fig 33)

-

-  1 Nut, machine-screw, hex, 5/16-inch, 24NF-2, H22-93-55. (Fig 33)

-

-  2 Case, spring, assemblies B81-1-444. (Fig 9)

-

-  2 Diaphragm, valve, assemblies A81-1-416. (Fig 9)

-

-  1 Hose, fuel, flame thrower, M1, assembly B81-1-498. (Fig 48)

-

-  2 Plugs, coupling, E81-1-514. (Fig 7)

-

-  6 Heads, safety, R81-1-561. (Fig 39)

-

-  1 Gage, fuel tank testing, assembly E81-6-57. (This assembly includes

-  a plug drilled, tapped, and fitted with a 0-500-pound pressure gage.)

-

-  3 Washers, coupling, A81-1-513. (Fig 9)

-

-  2 Cord, cotton, seine, No. 4 hard braided, mildewproof, O.D.,

-  (1/8-inch diameter by 25-feet skeins), H100-4-5.

-

-  6 Bushings, pipe, head, 3/4 inch by 1/2 inch, (galvanized iron),

-  H98-5-93. (Fig 9)

-

-  1 Regulator, pressure, assembly B81-1-438. (Figs 33 and 37)

-

-  1 Compound, anti-seize, white lead base, (for threaded fittings)

-  1/4-pound can, H99-3-12.

-

-  2 Gages, pressure cylinder testing, assembly B81-6-90. (Fig 32)

-

-  1 Catalog CW7-440114, Army Service Forces, “Portable Flame Thrower

-  M2-2.”

-

-  1 Technical Manual 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower M2-2.”

-

-[Illustration: Fig 31. Lubrication order.

-

-  To requisition a replacement Lubrication Order address Office of the

-  Chief, Chemical Warfare Service, Washington 25, D. C.

-

-  NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

-  in whole or in part without permission of the Office of the Chief,

-  Chemical Warfare Service.

-

-NO. 4001

-

-               ----------- KEY -----------

-

-  +-------------------------+-------------------------+

-  |      LUBRICANTS         |     INTERVALS           |

-  +-------------------------+-------------------------+

-  |                         |                         |

-  | CG-GREASE,              |   1-AFTER EACH MISSION  |

-  |    GENERAL PURPOSE      |   6-AFTER SIX MISSIONS  |

-  |   NO. 1 (ABOVE + 32°F)  |       OR MORE OFTEN     |

-  |   NO. O (BELOW + 32°F)  |                         |

-  |                         |                         |

-  +-------------------------+-------------------------+

-

-  THIS ORDER IS TO BE FASTENED TO INSIDE LID OF FLAME THROWER

-  PACKING CHEST.

-

-  Copy of this Lubrication Order will remain with the equipment at all

-  times; instructions contained therein are mandatory and supersede all

-  conflicting lubrication Instructions dated prior to =5 MAY 1944=

-

-  By order of the Secretary of War:

-

-  G. C. Marshall, Chief of Staff.

-

-  Official:

-

-  J. A. Ulio,

-  Major General,

-  The Adjutant General.]

-

-

-

-

-Section XIII LUBRICATION

-

-

-49. LUBRICATION.

-

-_a. Gun group._ War Department Lubrication Order No. 4001 (Fig 31)

-shows the parts which require lubrication, the lubricants, and the

-intervals.

-

-(1) _Lubricants._ Grease, general purpose, No. 1 is used, except for

-temperatures below freezing, when grease, general purpose. No. 0 is

-used. The bearing surfaces should be lightly coated with the grease.

-

-(2) _Frequency of lubrication._ The surfaces of the ignition-head body

-which touch the spring case should be lubricated after each use of

-the weapon. Other parts are lubricated after six firing missions, six

-training sessions, or oftener. All should be thoroughly cleaned (Pars

-52, 55, and 56) with gasoline, dry cleaning solvent, or other solvent,

-then dried before lubrication. If the gun is disassembled for any other

-reason, it should be lubricated before reassembly.

-

-(3) _Records._ To ascertain when six missions have been fired, a record

-of firing (Par 2) should be kept with each flame thrower.

-

-_b. Tank group._ The tank group ordinarily requires no lubrication.

-However, it may under the following exceptional circumstances:

-

-(1) If the tank group has been immersed in water for several hours,

-the flexible shaft of the pressure valve may have lost its lubricant.

-If so, remove the shaft (Par 66 _b_) and inspect. If lubricant is not

-present, as indicated by difficulty of movement after removal, dip

-the shaft in solvent to clean and then dip in warmed grease, general

-purpose, No. 1. Replace shaft in valve.

-

-(2) If filling or safety-head plugs (Figs 39 and 40) tend to stick

-to fuel tanks, apply grease, general purpose, No. 1 (No. 0 if below

-freezing temperatures) before replacing plugs.

-

-

-

-

-Section XIV PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SERVICES

-

-

-50. GENERAL

-

-Preventive maintenance services, as prescribed by Army Regulations,

-are a function of using organization echelons of maintenance. These

-services consist of:

-

-_a._ Before, during, and after operation services performed by the

-firers and assistants.

-

-_b._ Scheduled services performed by organizational maintenance

-personnel (service when filling and charging, and service after six

-firing missions).

-

-

-51. BEFORE-OPERATION SERVICE OF TANK GROUP.

-

-The following services are to be performed before filling, charging,

-and loading the flame thrower with pressure, fuel, and ignition

-cylinder:

-

-_a. Pressure-tank valve._ Open and close pressure-tank valve to test

-for ease of operation.

-

-_b. Threaded connections._ Check all threaded connections for

-tightness, using appropriate wrenches.

-

-_c. Tank coupling._ Examine coupling for cleanliness and ease of

-movement of lock and cams. (Par 70) Clean if necessary. If washer is

-broken, replace, using screw driver to pry out.

-

-_d. Plugs._ Check filling plug and safety-head plug for completeness

-of parts (Par 69 _a_) and cleanliness of threads and seats. Clean, if

-necessary, with cloth. If rod or rod and chain have broken off and

-fallen in tank, turn tank upside down and remove. Remove deflector

-tube from head (using hand, not wrench). Inspect to see if diaphragm

-is intact. If diaphragm is ruptured, replace the safety head with an

-unbroken head. (Par 69 b, c) Reassemble plug, head, and deflector tube

-in left fuel tank. (Fig 11) Tube should face to rear and at a 45-degree

-angle to operator’s left shoulder. (Fig 18) Screw in deflector tube by

-hand; do not use wrench on deflector tube. Tighten lock nut with wrench.

-

-_e. Pressure-tank clamp._ The clamp should hold the pressure tank

-tightly in place. If tank is loose, a wooden splint or wedge under the

-clamp may be used as a temporary expedient.

-

-_f. Carrier-frame bolts._ Check tightness. Use wrench.

-

-_g. Carrier._ (Par 71) Examine all canvas, webbing, and cord for signs

-of mildew, rot, or wear. Replace defective parts. Move flame thrower to

-dryer storage if mildew occurs.

-

-_h. Cord (lashing)._ Check for tightness. If necessary, make tighter

-and use secure, slip-proof knots. When the tank group is filled with

-fuel and adjusted on the firer, its weight should be carried chiefly by

-the canvas and webbing, not by the metal frame.

-

-_i. Shoulder and body straps._ Adjust straps to fit firer. (Pars 19 and

-71) A loose tank group can cause discomfort or injury when the wearer

-changes positions while on a mission. Check presence and condition of

-the two pins and two cotter pins which hold shoulder straps to steel

-support. Check fasteners.

-

-

-52. BEFORE-OPERATION SERVICE OF GUN GROUP.

-

-The following services are to be performed before filling, charging,

-and loading with pressure, fuel, and ignition cylinder:

-

-_a. Hose nipple, tank end._ Examine to be sure nipple is clean and

-not badly nicked. If badly nicked, the nipple may not make a tight

-seal at the tank coupling. A leak and loss of pressure may result. See

-Paragraph 73 _d_ for repair of the nipple.

-

-_b. Fuel hose._ Examine surface of hose for cracks or other signs of

-deterioration. Special attention should be paid to portions adjacent to

-the gun and tank coupling, which are subjected to severe flexing. If

-hose is defective, replace. (Par 73 _b_, _c_) Do not patch.

-

-_c. Hose nipple, gun end._ Check tightness of threaded connection

-between hose and fuel-valve body, using hand or very light wrench

-pressure.

-

-_d. Shield._ Remove ignition shield. Check cleanliness of threads

-on shield and on ignition-head body. If not clean, use cloth. When

-reassembling (Par 18 _c_), shield should turn freely until it locks in

-correct position.

-

-_e. Valve lever and needle._

-

-(1) There should be some play in the valve lever. To test, remove

-ignition shield. Compress grip safety and valve lever slowly,

-observing the motion of the valve needle. The valve lever should move

-approximately 1/16 inch before the needle begins to move.

-

-(2) Valve needle should be seated firmly in the barrel nozzle. After

-the valve lever is pulled back and released, no play should occur in

-the needle. For adjustment of needle, see Paragraph 75 _d_.

-

-_f. Screws._ Use screw driver to test tightness of all screws.

-

-_g. Spring retainer and plug._ Check tightness of spring retainer and

-plug (Fig 47) by using hand or very light wrench pressure.

-

-_h. Ignition head._ All exposed surfaces of the shield, nozzle, needle,

-and other parts of the ignition head, or adjacent to it, should be

-clean. If not, use cloth.

-

-_i. Atomizer hole._ With the fuel valve held fully open, insert a

-fine wire in the atomizer hole of the nozzle to clean the hole. Then

-use cloth-wrapped splint to remove from the inside of the nozzle any

-foreign matter pushed through the atomizer hole. If such matter is not

-removed, it may interfere with the closing of the fuel valve needle at

-the nozzle. Repeat procedure in _e_ (2) above.

-

-_j. Spring case._ Spring case should turn freely on ignition head. If

-it does not, clean any grease or dirt from, surfaces with cloth and

-relubricate. (Par 49)

-

-_k. Trigger._ Pull trigger once or twice to find whether it operates

-easily and whether it returns to position. If not, clean and lubricate

-trigger. (Par 49) Check condition of trigger spring.

-

-_l. Trigger rod._ Check position of the trigger rod when trigger

-is pulled back all the way as when firing. The rod should extend

-approximately 1/16 inch beyond the end of the lug in the ignition head.

-If it does not, bend the rod slightly, reverse position of bearing, or

-replace worn parts.

-

-

-53. SERVICE WHEN FILLING AND CHARGING.

-

-_a. Inspection of fuel tanks._ Just before filling and charging, remove

-plugs (Par 69 _b_) and examine interior of fuel tanks to see whether

-they are clean and free from foreign matter. If not clean, flush with

-gasoline until clean.

-

-_b. Fuel level._ When filling (Pars 37 through 40), see that fuel

-reaches the same level in both tanks. If leveling does not occur,

-the tank connector may be clogged with foreign matter. If so, clean,

-as in _a_, above. After filling, wipe plug seats with a cloth before

-replacing plugs. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.

-

-_c. Pressure-tank valve._ Before charging the tank group with air or

-nitrogen, open and close the pressure-tank valve several times by hand

-to be sure it operates freely. If it does not, adjust as described in

-Paragraph 66 _d_.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 32. Testing pressure tank and valve, using

-0-3,000-pound testing gage from service kit.]

-

-_d. Testing for leaks in pressure system._ After charging, and as few

-hours as possible before a mission, use an 0-3,000-pound gage furnished

-in service kit to test pressure. (Fig 32) To install gage, unscrew

-check-valve cap and screw gage in check-valve body. If pressure has

-fallen below that to which the tank was charged (Par 32), a leak is

-indicated. Remove gage, replace check-valve cap, and check for leaks

-at joints between pressure tank and valve and between tank valve and

-check valve. (A wrench should be used to tighten cap on check-valve

-body so as to avoid producing an additional leak.) Large leaks can

-be felt or heard. Small leaks can be detected by coating joints with

-soap-and-water solution. Bubbles indicate leaks. If a leak is revealed

-between pressure tank and pressure-tank valve, or between check valve

-and pressure-tank valve, replace all three as a unit. If tests do not

-show up the leak the tank may have been improperly charged. It should

-be recharged and then retested.

-

-

-54. SERVICE WHEN FIRING.

-

-_a. Failure to ignite._ Pull trigger repeatedly. If ignition cylinder

-still fails to ignite, dirt may be wedged in ignition head. Unscrew

-shield one-half turn. Screw it back, rapping shield with the hand while

-turning. This should dislodge foreign matter. Pull trigger again.

-Repeat procedure, if necessary.

-

-_b. Safety head “blows” (breaks)._ If safety head breaks, firing

-mission cannot be carried out. On return, have head replaced. (Par 69)

-Follow test procedure. (Par 56 _b_)

-

-

-55. SERVICE AFTER FIRING.

-

-_a. Unloading._ Remove ignition cylinder (Par 30), close pressure-tank

-valve, and blow out remaining fuel and pressure. (Par 30)

-

-_b. Removal of equipment._ Release the body straps, then the shoulder

-straps. If prone, lie on side and allow tank group to roll off onto

-ground. If standing or kneeling, take care that tank group does not

-drop on feet or legs.

-

-_c. Correcting or reporting._ Correct any failures or difficulties or

-report them as soon as possible to service or maintenance personnel.

-

-_d. Gun._ Remove shield (Par 18) and clean interior of shield with

-cloth. Clean holes in shield with wire or wooden splint. Clean external

-surfaces of barrel, nozzle, needle, and other parts. Check cleanliness

-and adjustment of needle. (Par 75 _d_) Check trigger for operation.

-Lubricate. (Par 49)

-

-_e. Fuel tanks and passages._ Remove plugs (Par 69 _b_). Drain

-any remaining fuel. Use gasoline to remove residues of thickened

-fuels before they have a chance to harden and obstruct passages. If

-necessary, fill tanks with gasoline and allow to stand for several

-hours, shaking occasionally. Drain and repeat if necessary.

-

-_f. Safety head._ Check head to see if it is ruptured; if it is,

-replace. (Par 69) Follow test procedure. (Par 56 _b_)

-

-_g. Pressure-tank valve._ If weapon is to be stored, open pressure-tank

-valve and leave it open until next charging.

-

-_h. Carrier._ Scrub, if necessary, with soap and water, or gasoline.

-

-_i. Exterior metal surfaces._ Scrub exterior metal surfaces clean of

-fuel to prevent fire hazard. Allow to dry before using again.

-

-_j. General inspection._ Carefully examine all other parts, adjust as

-necessary, and replace any which are damaged.

-

-

-56. SERVICE AFTER SIX FIRING MISSIONS.

-

-After the flame thrower has been used on six firing missions or the

-equivalent in training work, experienced personnel should follow these

-directions:

-

-_a. Before-operation and after-operation service._ Follow the same

-procedures as in Paragraphs 52, 53, and 55.

-

-_b. Test firing (or simulated firing)._

-

-(1) If tactical conditions permit test firing at a suitable test range

-(Par 15), fill the fuel tanks with fuel. (Pars 37 through 40)

-

-(2) If test firing with fuel is impracticable, fill fuel tanks with

-clean water. (Be sure to dry all parts after test.)

-

-(3) _Remove filling-plug assembly._ (Par 69) Fish out the retainer rod

-and chain by means of a bent wire.

-

-(4) Do not unscrew the safety-head plug.

-

-(5) Insert the testing plug with 0-to 500-pound pressure gage (plug and

-gage are from service kit) in the filling-plug opening. Tighten testing

-plug in seat with wrench.

-

-(6) Fully charge pressure tank. (Par 32)

-

-(7) If test firing with fuel, load ignition cylinder. (Par 18)

-

-(8) Open pressure-tank valve and simultaneously observe pressure in

-fuel tanks by reading gage. The gage indicates the pressure in both

-tanks. It should be between 350 and 390 pounds per square inch.

-

-(9) Read the gage at the expiration of not less than 5 minutes. The

-tanks should have a pressure reading of not more than 390 pounds. If

-the pressure continues to increase beyond 390 pounds and the safety

-head blows, replace the safety head and the pressure regulator.

-

-(10) Fire by operating controls (or simulate firing if tanks are filled

-with water). The burst should last 3 seconds, during which time the

-pressure should not drop below 260 pounds.

-

-(11) If the pressure does not conform to the requirements stated in

-(8), (9), and (10), adjust the pressure regulator upward or downward.

-(Par 67 _d_)

-

-(12) While the above test firing is proceeding, check for leaks at all

-joints and connections on the tank group. The pressure system should

-be checked by painting the joints with soap-and-water solution and by

-looking for bubbles which indicate leaks. For replacement of parts

-where pressure leaks, see Paragraph 66. Fuel leaks may be seen without

-soap and water. For repair of fuel leaks, see Paragraph 75 _e_. The

-nozzle should be observed by removing the ignition shield. Nozzle

-leaks are corrected by cleaning, adjusting needle (Par 75 _d_), or by

-regrinding. (Par 75 _e_) If this is not successful, replace both needle

-and barrel as a unit.

-

-_c. Fuel valve._ Discharge all pressure from the gun by operating the

-fuel valve. Carefully remove the valve grip and grip support. (Par

-74) Look for signs of leakage at the valve diaphragm. If a leak is

-present, replace valve-diaphragm assembly. (Pars 75 _b_ and 75 _c_)

-

-_d. Valve grip._ Disassemble the valve grip (Par 74) and lubricate.

-(Par 49)

-

-_e. Carrier._ Tighten the carrier cord.

-

-_f. Gun interior._ If thickened fuel has been fired, disassemble the

-gun. All parts should be cleaned of accumulations of dried fuel.

-Lubricate (Par 49) and reassemble. If liquid fuel has been fired,

-flush gun with clean gasoline. Disassemble only enough to lubricate.

-Reassemble.

-

-

-

-

-Section XV TROUBLE SHOOTING

-

-

-57. PRECAUTIONS.

-

-First, remove the ignition cylinder. Then, before disassembling,

-servicing, or repairing parts which may be under pressure, be sure to

-release the pressure. Remove fuel, when necessary.

-

-

-58. FUEL LEAKS.

-

-          _Trouble_                       _Remedy_

-  _a._ Defective or damaged    If leak is observed in valve grip,

-  valve-diaphragm assembly.      disassemble. (Par 74) If diaphragm

-                                 is torn, or damaged in

-                                 any other way, remove and replace.

-                                 (Par 75)

-

-  _b._ Defective threaded      Disconnect, using wrenches. If

-  connections on fuel lines.     thread is stripped or badly damaged,

-                                 replace the threaded part.

-                                 If threads appear to be sound,

-                                 clean them and reconnect. If

-                                 leak is between tank coupling and

-                                 tank connector or between hose

-                                 and fuel-valve body, apply anti-seize

-                                 compound before rescrewing.

-                                 Tighten joint with wrenches.

-

-  _c._ Dirt or foreign matter  Clean parts carefully with cloth before

-  on seats or threads.           reassembling.

-

-  _d._ Leak at nozzle.         Adjust needle. (Par 75 _d_) If leak

-                                 persists, either replace needle

-                                 and barrel as a unit or use lapping

-                                 compound on parts. Turn

-                                 needle in seat until parts make a

-                                 tight connection when seated.

-                                 Remove lapping compound and

-                                 reassemble.

-

-  _e._ Worn body of hose.      Replace fuel-hose assembly. (Par 73)

-

-  _f._ Leak at tank coupling.  Remove and replace coupling washer

-                                 if damaged. (Par 70) If hose

-                                 nipple, tank end, is damaged, repair

-                                 nipple (Par 73 _d_) or replace

-                                 fuel-hose assembly.

-

-

-59. SAFETY HEAD “BLOWS” (BREAKS).

-

-         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_

-  _a._ Defective safety head.  Replace with new safety head.

-                                 (Par 69 _b_)

-

-  _b._ Defective pressure      If replacement safety head also

-  regulator.                     breaks, follow test procedure in

-                                 Paragraph 56 _b_ to determine

-                                 whether pressure regulator

-                                 needs adjustment or is defective.

-

-

-60. CARRIER UNCOMFORTABLE.

-

-         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_

-  _a._ Cord becomes loose      Use only hard-braided seine cord

-  or breaks.                     furnished in service kit for

-                                 replacements. Lace tightly as

-                                 shown in Figure 46, using slip-proof

-                                 knots at ends.

-

-  _b._ Straps not adjusted to  Adjust straps to fit each new wearer.

-  fit wearer.                    Tank group must be high

-                                 on back and snug on body. (Pars

-                                 19 and 71)

-

-  _c._ Carrier frame           Cord is too loose. Tighten cord.

-  presses on wearer’s back.      Use slip-proof knots at ends.

-

-

-61. SHORT RANGE.

-

-         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_

-  _a._ Stream of burning fuel  Fuel valve is not fully open because

-  issues at an angle or in a     of:

-  very broad spray.            (1) Faulty operation. Be sure to

-                                   compress controls all the way

-                                   when firing. (Par 26)

-

-                               (2) Improper adjustment or assembly

-                                   of valve. To correct,

-                                   see Paragraphs 74 and 75.

-

-  _b._ Rapid drop of range     Pressure-tank valve is not fully

-  during a burst.                  open. Open all the way. If this

-                                   is not effective, test pressure

-                                   regulator. (Par 67 _d_)

-

-  _c._ Shorter range in each   Pressure tank is not fully charged.

-  successive burst.            (1) Before firing be sure tank is

-

-                                   charged to at least 1,700 pounds

-                                   per square inch. (Par 32)

-

-                               (2) Check for leaks to make sure

-                                   pressure has not decreased

-                                   since charging. (Par 53 _d_)

-

-  _d._ Short range with        Dried fuel or other foreign matter

-  longer time of discharge       is in fuel lines. Disassemble and

-  than 8 to 9 seconds.           clean.

-

-

-62. FUEL-VALVE FAILURE.

-

-         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_

-  Valve fails to close when    (1) Work the grip safety to trip

-  controls are released.           the valve lever.

-

-                               (2) Foreign matter may be in barrel,

-                                   or barrel may be dented.

-                                   If dented, replace barrel and

-                                   needle as a unit. If not dented,

-                                   disassemble and clean. (Pars

-                                   74 and 75)

-

-

-63. FAILURE OF IGNITION CYLINDER TO IGNITE.

-

-         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_

-  _a._ Match in cylinder       Pull trigger repeatedly. If cylinder

-  moves but incendiary           does not ignite, remove cylinder

-  charge does not ignite.        (Par 30) and examine.

-

-                               (1) If matches have been pushed

-                                   flush with inner surface of cylinder

-                                   body, the cylinder is

-                                   defective. Destroy. (Par 30)

-                                   Replace.

-

-                               (2) If matches project 1/16 inch

-                                   or more from cylinder, ignition

-                                   head is defective. Disassemble

-                                   ignition head (Par 76 _b_) and

-                                   examine. Replace parts as

-                                   necessary. (Par 76 _c_)

-

-  _b._ Cylinder does not       (1) Spring case is not free to rotate

-  rotate to bring new charge       because of dirt. Clean and lubricate.

-  into position.                   (Par 49)

-

-                               (2) Cylinder is improperly loaded.

-                                   (Par 18)

-

-                               (3) Ignition cylinder binds on barrel

-                                   because of dirt or excessive

-                                   warping of ignition cylinders

-                                   from heat of firing. Remove

-                                   and destroy (Par 30) ignition

-                                   cylinder. Reload.

-

-                               (4) Spring case is defective. Replace

-                                   as a unit. (Par 76 _b_, _c_)

-

-  _c._ Trigger does not        (1) When on a mission, use fingers

-  return to normal position        on trigger to pull back to normal

-  (with ignition cylinder in       position.

-  place).                      (2) If time permits, remove trigger

-                                   rod. (Par 76 _b_) Clean rod

-                                   and hole in which rod slides.

-                                   Lubricate. (Par 49) Reassemble.

-                                   (Par 76 _c_)

-

-  _d._ Lack of spring tension  Trigger spring is off hook of trigger,

-  at trigger.                    off spring screw, or broken.

-                                 Replace where necessary.

-

-

-64. FAILURE OF FUEL TO IGNITE.

-

-         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_

-  _a._ Atomizer hole clogged.  Clean  with fine wire. (Par 52 _i_)

-

-  _b._ Fuel troubles at low    (1) At temperatures below minus

-  temperature.                     20 degrees Fahrenheit, ignition

-                                   of any standard fuel is uncertain.

-                                   Operation at these temperatures

-                                   should be avoided unless tests

-                                   of fuels by firing with flame

-                                   throwers are first made.

-

-                               (2) At temperatures above minus

-                                   20 degrees Fahrenheit, no difficulty

-                                   should be experienced with

-                                   thickened gasoline. When

-                                   blended fuels are used, the

-                                   ratio of gasoline content should

-                                   be increased as temperature

-                                   decreases.

-

-  _c._ Failure of ignition     See Paragraph 63.

-  cylinder.

-

-

-

-

-Section XVI TANK GROUP

-

-

-65. GENERAL.

-

-The tank group stores fuel and pressure. The fuel is placed under

-pressure when the pressure-tank valve is opened. The tank group is

-supported upon the firer’s back and shoulders by the carrier.

-

-

-66. PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLY.

-

-_a. Description and functioning._ The pressure tank and valve assembly

-(Fig 33) includes:

-

-(1) _Pressure tank._ The pressure tank is a lightweight, airplane-type

-cylinder, able to withstand the great pressure which it contains. The

-tank is charged with air or nitrogen at 1,700 to 2,100 pounds per

-square inch pressure by use of auxiliary equipment as described in

-Paragraphs 31 and 32. This pressure stays in the pressure tank until

-the weapon is ready to be fired. Opening of the pressure-tank valve

-releases air or nitrogen through the pressure regulator to the fuel

-tanks. Oxygen or combustible gases are never used in the tank because a

-violent explosion may result. The tank is large in capacity to assure

-ample pressure, and hence full range, for the entire load of fuel.

-The pressure-tank clamp (Fig 39), a steel-strap device with hinge and

-toggle-type latch, holds the pressure tank in place on the fuel tanks.

-

-(2) _Pressure-tank valve._ (Figs 33 and 34) This valve is screwed

-into the bottom of the pressure tank. The valve stem slides into the

-valve end of the valve flexible shaft. When opened by means of the

-valve handle and valve flexible shaft, the valve permits passage of

-compressed air or nitrogen through tubes and the pressure regulator to

-the fuel tanks. The valve is of the quick-opening, packless, diaphragm

-type.

-

-(3) _Pressure-valve handle and valve flexible shaft._ (Figs 33 and 34)

-The pressure-valve handle is held by a small nut on the end of the

-valve flexible shaft, which in turn is connected to the pressure-tank

-valve by means of the valve stem and a large hex nut. The handle and

-shaft extend to the right of the tank group, enabling the firer to open

-and close the valve without assistance when carrying the weapon. The

-handle slips over the end of the shaft and is held to it by a nut. The

-shaft is held to one of the fuel tanks by a clamp, nut, and bolt welded

-to the tank.

-

-(4) _Check valve._ (Figs 33 through 35) The check valve has the same

-function as the valve on a vehicular tire tube, but it is much heavier

-in construction and different in design because the pressure in the

-flame thrower is 50 times greater than that in an automobile tire tube.

-Connected by threads to the pressure valve, the check valve permits

-compressed air or nitrogen to enter the pressure tank during charging

-(Pars 31 and 32) but prevents its escape when the outside source of

-pressure is removed. The cap is removed from the check valve only for

-charging or testing.

-

-_b. Removal._ (Fig 33) To prevent damage to threads, leaks, and loss of

-pressure and range, remove pressure tank and valve assembly only when

-necessary.

-

-

-[Illustration: Fig 33. Pressure system disassembled, showing

-nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for

-requisitioning spare parts.]

-

-(1) _Release of pressure._ Be sure all pressure has been released

-from the pressure system before disassembling or removing any part or

-assembly of the pressure system. To release pressure, operate fuel

-valve (Par 26) and hold open until pressure is exhausted. As an

-added precaution, personnel should avoid facing the connections when

-disconnecting parts or assemblies.

-

-(2) _Removal procedure._ After release of all pressure:

-

-  (_a_) Loosen the clamp from the valve flexible shaft.

-

-  (_b_) Using wrench, unscrew the large hex nut which holds the

-  flexible shaft on the pressure-tank valve.

-

-  (_c_) Pull the valve flexible shaft and handle free of the valve.

-

-  (_d_) Using wrench, unscrew the flared tube nut on the regulator tube

-  adjacent to the pressure-tank valve.

-

-  (_e_) Open pressure-tank clamp (Fig 39) and swing clamp strap outward.

-

-  (_f_) Remove the pressure tank together with the pressure-tank valve

-  and check valve.

-

-  (_g_) To remove valve handle, use the adjustable-end wrench to loosen

-  and remove nut from threaded outer end of valve flexible shaft. Slide

-  out the valve handle.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 34. Lower portion of pressure system, assembled.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 35. Check valve (cross section).]

-

-_c. Installation._ (Figs 33 and 39) To install:

-

-  (1) Insert pressure tank (with pressure-tank valve and check valve

-  mounted on the tank) through the pressure-tank clamp. Be sure to

-  aline the regulator tube, elbow, and pressure-tank valve threads

-  carefully so that they cannot be damaged when connecting.

-

-  (2) Close the pressure-tank clamp.

-

-  (3) Start the threaded connections by hand to be sure they are well

-  alined. Do not force. Use wrench for final tightening, but do not

-  apply great torque to the wrench.

-

-  (4) Insert the valve flexible shaft through small clamp into the

-  pressure-tank valve. Using wrench, tighten the large hex nut located

-  between shaft and valve.

-

-  (5) Tighten the clamp on the valve flexible shaft.

-

-  (6) Place pressure-valve handle on threaded end of the shaft. Place

-  nut on threaded end and tighten with adjustable-end wrench.

-

-_d. Adjustment._ If valve handle cannot be turned by hand:

-

-  (1) Remove flexible shaft and handle. Never apply a wrench to these

-  parts.

-

-  (2) Turn end of pressure-valve stem with wrench to open valve.

-

-  (3) If stem will not turn, replace the tank and valve.

-

-  (4) If stem turns, work it back and forth with wrench.

-

-  (5) Reconnect flexible shaft and handle.

-

-  (6) If handle does not turn easily, repeat the process until handle

-  turns, or replace tank and valve.

-

-  (7) Close valve before charging tank.

-

-_e. Maintenance._

-

-  (1) If either pressure tank, pressure-tank valve, or check valve

-  are damaged or defective, all three must be replaced as a unit.

-  No attempt may be made to repair any of these parts or their

-  connections. If makeshift repairs or improvised parts are devised,

-  serious accidents can result because of the extremely high pressures

-  to which the equipment is subjected.

-

-  (2) Keep all threaded connections tightened. If a leak is suspected

-  at any threaded connection, follow procedure in Paragraph 53 _d_.

-

-

-67. PRESSURE REGULATOR.

-

-_a. Description and functioning._ The regulator automatically reduces

-the variable pressure of air or nitrogen in the pressure tank to a

-constant operating pressure of approximately 350 pounds per square inch

-in the fuel tanks. The regulator is located at a protected position

-in the tank group of the M2-2 portable flame thrower, where it is not

-readily subject to tampering or damage from the outside. The regulator

-tube with fittings connects the pressure-tank valve and pressure

-regulator. (Fig 33) Its outlet is connected to the fuel tanks by the

-diffusion-pipe assembly. (Par 68 _a_) Either of two interchangeable

-types of regulators is furnished: the spring type (Figs 33, 36, and

-37), and the dome type (Fig 38).

-

-[Illustration: Fig 36. Rear of tank group, with carrier removed to show

-pressure regulator (spring-type) and connections.]

-

-_b. Removal of pressure regulator._ After release of all pressure:

-

-  (1) Remove carrier (Par 71 _b_), if necessary.

-

-  (2) Using wrench, unscrew the flared tube nuts and other fittings.

-

-  (3) Lift out the pressure regulator.

-

-_c. Installation of pressure regulator._ Line up pressure regulator,

-regulator tube, diffusion-pipe assembly, and fittings carefully so they

-will not be damaged when threads are tightened. Start threads with the

-hands. Apply only moderate wrench pressure to complete tightening.

-Replace carrier or carrier pack if either has been removed.

-

-_d. Adjustment of pressure regulator._ The pressure regulator

-ordinarily requires no attention other than checking and tightening

-connections with the regulator tube and the diffusion-pipe assembly.

-If a defect in the regulator is indicated by falling off of the range

-of the weapon or by frequent breakage of the safety-head diaphragm (Par

-56 _b_), the following procedure should be carried out. (When using

-wrenches, do not apply excessive force.)

-

-  (1) Remove the filling plug (Par 69 _b_) and ignition cylinder. (Par

-  30 _a_)

-

-  (2) Fill the fuel tanks with 4 gallons of water (or fuel).

-

-  (3) Connect the 0-to 500-pound fuel-tank testing gage, found in the

-  service kit, to the filling-plug hole. Tighten plug of gage with

-  wrench.

-

-  (4) Charge the pressure tank to a pressure of 1,800 pounds per square

-  inch. (Pars 32 and 33)

-

-  (5) Open the pressure-tank valve.

-

-  (6) Read the pressure on the gage. If 350 to 390 pounds is indicated,

-  omit steps (7) through (10).

-

-  (7) _To increase the pressure of a spring-type regulator_:

-

-    (_a_) Pry off the protective cap.

-

-    (_b_) Turn a set-screw wrench clockwise in the adjusting screw and

-    read pressure on gage.

-

-  (8) _To decrease the pressure of a spring-type regulator_:

-

-    (_a_) Turn the set-screw wrench counterclockwise more than is

-    considered sufficient to effect the desired reduction.

-

-    (_b_) Turn the pressure-tank valve off.

-

-    (_c_) Relieve pressure in the fuel tanks by compressing the fuel

-    valve until the pressure is below that desired.

-

-    (_d_) Release the fuel valve.

-

-    (_e_) Open the pressure-tank valve and allow the system to reach a

-    state of equilibrium, which occurs when the hissing sound ceases.

-

-    (_f_) Repeat the steps described above in (6) and (7).

-

-  (9) _To increase the pressure of a dome-type regulator_:

-

-    (_a_) Open needle valve No. 1 one full turn. (Fig 38)

-

-    (_b_) Open needle valve No. 2 one full turn. (There will be slight

-    leakage around the needle-valve thread.)

-

-    (_c_) Open needle valve No. 3 very slowly, watching pressure gage

-    closely. (As pressure builds up in fuel tanks there will be slight

-    leakage through needle valve No. 1.)

-

-    (_d_) When the pressure gage indicates 350 pounds, close needle

-    valve No. 3 tight.

-

-    (_e_) Close needle valve No. 2 tight.

-

-    (_f_) Close pressure-tank valve.

-

-    (_g_) When gage indicates zero, close needle valve No. 1 tight.

-

-  (10) _To decrease the pressure of a dome-type regulator_:

-

-    (_a_) Open needle valve No. 1 one full turn. (Fig 38)

-

-    (_b_) Open needle valve No. 3 very slightly, which will lower the

-    pressure.

-

-    (_c_) When 350 pounds is reached, close valve No. 3 tight.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 37. Pressure regulator, spring-type.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 38. Pressure regulator, dome-type, showing needle

-valves and wrenches.]

-

-    (_d_) Close pressure-tank valve.

-

-    (_e_) When gage indicates zero, close needle valve No. 1 tight.

-

-  (11) Open pressure-tank valve and press the fuel valve to observe the

-  pressure with the weapon operating.

-

-  (12) After final adjustment:

-

-    (_a_) Close the pressure-tank valve.

-

-    (_b_) Open the fuel valve and release the pressure from the fuel

-    tanks.

-

-    (_c_) Remove the pressure gage and plug from the fuel tank.

-

-    (_d_) Install filling plug.

-

-    (_e_) Tighten filling plug with wrench.

-

-    (_f_) If regulator is spring-type, replace its protective cap.

-

-

-68. FUEL-TANK ASSEMBLY.

-

-_a. Description and functioning._ (Figs 4, 5, and 39) The fuel-tank

-assembly includes:

-

-  (1) _Fuel tanks._ Two alloy steel fuel tanks hold the fuel before it

-  is propelled to the target. They have a combined capacity, including

-  void, of 4-1/2 gallons. A void of approximately 1/2 gallon is left

-  in tanks when filling to allow for expansion and to permit entry of

-  the compressed nitrogen or air. To speed filling and cleaning of

-  the tanks, two openings are provided on top of the fuel tanks. The

-  openings are threaded to receive the filling-plug assembly and the

-  safety-head plug assembly, which are interchangeable in the openings.

-  Filling operations involve the use of auxiliary equipment and are

-  described in Paragraphs 34 through 40. The carrier and the pressure

-  system are supported on the fuel tanks.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 39. Fuel system of tank group and related parts

-disassembled, showing nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock

-numbers for requisitioning spare parts.]

-

-  (2) _Tank connector._ This open passageway between the fuel tanks

-  makes them, in effect, a single container. The location of the

-  tank connector and its large diameter permit easy flow of fuel and

-  pressure between the two tanks.

-

-  (3) _Hose connector._ The hose connector is the outlet for fuel

-  from the fuel tanks. It is located so that nearly all the fuel is

-  propelled from the weapon if firing positions are correct. (Par 24)

-  One end is welded to an opening in the tank connector. The other end

-  is threaded into the tank coupling.

-

-  (4) _Frame clamp._ This small metal clamp, with bolt, nut, and

-  washer, holds the hose connector to the carrier frame.

-

-  (5) _Diffusion-pipe assembly._ This T-shaped tubing carries

-  compressed air or nitrogen from the pressure regulator to each of the

-  fuel tanks. A flared tube connection and elbow connect the stem of

-  the T to the pressure regulator. The horizontal tubes of the T extend

-  into the fuel tanks and are welded to the fuel tank walls. Within the

-  fuel tanks these tubes are perforated with holes which permit ready

-  escape of the compressed nitrogen or air into the fuel tanks when the

-  pressure-tank valve is open.

-

-_b. Removal and installation._ The tank connector, hose connector,

-diffusion-pipe assembly, and the two fuel tanks are welded together and

-cannot be disassembled from each other. No attempt should be made to

-remove any of these parts or assemblies.

-

-_c. Maintenance._ Other than cleaning (Pars 51 _d_ and 55 _e_),

-repainting, and tightening of threaded joints, no repairs will be

-attempted by the first or second echelon on the fuel tanks, tank and

-hose connectors, or diffusion-pipe assembly. Emergency repairs may be

-made only by the third or fourth echelon. No attempt should be made to

-weld or patch any part of the fuel tanks.

-

-

-69. FILLING AND SAFETY-HEAD PLUG ASSEMBLIES.

-

-_a. Description and functioning._

-

-  (1) _Filling-plug assembly._ (Fig 39) This assembly fits into the

-  1-3/8-inch threaded opening at the top of either one of the fuel

-  tanks. It permits filling and cleaning of the tanks, and seals the

-  opening when the tank is not being filled or cleaned. The assembly

-  includes the filling plug proper and a plug-retainer assembly. The

-  latter is a metal rod which hangs from the plug on a metal chain. The

-  rod and chain prevent accidental loss of the plug.

-

-  (2) _Safety-head plug assembly._ (Figs 39 and 40) This assembly is

-  screwed into the threaded opening on top of either fuel tank. It

-  serves the same functions as the filling-plug assembly and moreover

-  protects the firer and other personnel. It includes:

-

-    (_a_) _Safety-head plug._ This plug is similar to the filling plug

-    except for the threaded hole which receives the safety head.

-

-    (_b_) _Safety head._ This metal head screws into the safety-head

-    plug. It includes a soft metal diaphragm which bursts when the

-    pressure in the fuel tanks exceeds 500 pounds per square inch. It

-    prevents the building up of dangerous pressures in the fuel tanks.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 40. Safety-head plug assembly (cross section).]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 41. Unscrewing safety head from safety-head plug,

-using wrench.]

-

-    (_c_) _Deflector tube._ This short, curved piece of 1/8-inch pipe

-    deflects fuel and pressure away from the firer if the safety head

-    bursts. A lock nut holds the tube in position. (Par 12 _j_)

-

-    (_d_) _Plug-retainer assembly._ This assembly consists of a metal

-    rod and chain which hang from the plug and prevent accidental loss

-    of the plug when filling or inspecting.

-

-_b. Removal of plugs._

-

-  (1) Before removing the filling plug, the safety-head plug, or an

-  unbroken safety head, operate the fuel valve until any pressure which

-  may have accumulated in the fuel tanks is eliminated. If the coupling

-  plug is in the tank coupling, very slightly loosen the threads of

-  either the filling plug or the safety-head plug, using the 1-3/4-inch

-  wrench, to eliminate pressure in the fuel tanks. Keep face and eyes

-  away from the threads.

-

-  (2) The plug-retainer assemblies should not be lifted completely out

-  of the tanks unless required.

-

-  (3) If either the rod or the rod and chain breaks from one of the

-  plugs and falls into the tank, upend the tank group to permit removal

-  of the parts.

-

-  (4) To replace burst safety head, unscrew lock nut and deflector

-  tube. (Fig 11) Using wrench (Fig 41), unscrew safety head. Never

-  disassemble the safety head.

-

-_c. Installation of plugs._ The filling plug, safety-head plug, and

-safety head are screwed in by hand and then tightened with wrenches. No

-substitution will be made for the safety head, which is manufactured

-to burst at the safe limit of pressure. The plug threads and seats

-should be cleaned with a cloth (Fig 29) before installing plugs. Screw

-in deflector tube, using hand pressure. The tube outlet should face to

-the rear and at a 45-degree angle to operator’s left shoulder. (Fig 18)

-Replace lock nut and tighten with wrench. (Use wrench on lock nut, not

-on deflector tube.)

-

-_d. Maintenance of plugs._ Replace safety head if damaged or blown.

-Never repair safety head or use an improvised head.

-

-

-70. TANK COUPLING.

-

-_a. Description and functioning._ This quick-connecting coupling (Fig

-42) connects and locks the fuel hose or the coupling plug to the tank

-group. The coupling cams, lock, and washer provide a secure and tight

-joint. The tank coupling makes possible rapid replacement of emptied

-tank groups with filled and charged tank groups in the field. No tools

-are needed for this operation.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 42. Tank coupling and end of fuel-hose assembly.]

-

-_b. Removal._

-

-  (1) To remove the tank coupling from the hose connector, apply a

-  wrench and unscrew.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 43. Closing cams of tank coupling to connect gun and

-tank group. This is done before locking. (See below.)]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 44. Closing lock of tank coupling to secure gun to

-tank group. This also provides a fuel-tight seal.]

-

-  (2) To disconnect the tank coupling from the fuel hose or the

-  coupling plug:

-

-    (_a_) Release pressure from fuel tanks by operating the fuel valve

-    or by opening very slightly the filling plug.

-

-    (_b_) Using hands, pivot the coupling lock back on the coupling

-    body.

-

-    (_c_) Using hands, pivot the two coupling cams back on the coupling.

-

-    (_d_) Slide out the fuel hose or the tank coupling.

-

-    (_e_) If coupling washer is to be removed, pry out with a screw

-    driver.

-

-_c. Installation of tank coupling._ Proceed as follows:

-

-  (1) If coupling washer has been removed, replace.

-

-  (2) Insert coupling plug or hose nipple, tank end, in the coupling as

-  far as it will reach. Close the two cams. (Fig 43)

-

-[Illustration: Fig 45. Coupling plug in place in tank coupling. This

-arrangement is used when fuel tanks are brought back for filling with

-gun detached.]

-

-  (3) Close the coupling lock (Fig 44), being sure to push it all the

-  way, until it covers the ends of both cams. (Figure 45 shows coupling

-  lock correctly locked on coupling plug.)

-

-  (4) If the tank coupling has been removed from the hose connector,

-  screw it on hand tight. Anti-seize compound should be applied lightly

-  to the threads to assure a tight joint. Use wrench to tighten the

-  coupling until it is in the position shown in Figure 34.

-

-_d. Maintenance of tank coupling._ The coupling washer, made of

-synthetic rubber, should be inspected frequently. If it is damaged or

-swollen, remove it and replace. If the coupling leaks, inspect, and if

-necessary, remove and replace the washer.

-

-

-71. CARRIER.

-

-_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 46) The tank group is securely

-carried on the firer’s back and chest by the carrier, which includes

-the metal carrier frame, the canvas carrier pack, webbing straps, and

-cord, all of which are parts of the tank group.

-

-  (1) _Carrier frame._ This lightweight, tubular-metal frame is bolted

-  to two pairs of brackets (upper and lower) on the fuel tanks. It is

-  also bolted to the hose connector by the frame clamp, which helps

-  support the connector. The frame is pierced by two parallel series of

-  holes, through which the cord (lashing) of the carrier is laced.

-

-  (2) _Carrier pack._ This is a sheet of heavy canvas, reinforced on

-  the tank side with strips of webbing. The smooth side of the carrier

-  pack rests against the firer’s back and cushions the back from

-  contact with the metal tanks. A series of eyelets is located on each

-  side of the pack.

-

-  (3) _Seine cord (lashing)._ The carrier pack is fastened to the

-  carrier frame by means of hard-braided cord which is laced through

-  the eyelets in the pack and the holes in the frame. The cord that

-  comes on the flame thrower stretches very little under load.

-

-  (4) _Straps._ The straps, made of wide cotton webbing, are

-  adjustable to fit the wearer. (Fig 18) They are provided with snap

-  release, hook-and-eye, and snap fasteners. The shoulder straps have

-  quick-release fasteners for rapid removal, if necessary, of the tank

-  group from the firer. The upper ends (steel loops) of the shoulder

-  straps are secured by pins to the steel support which connects the

-  two fuel tanks. Each of the pins is held in position by a split

-  cotter pin, which is inserted through a hole in the pin and is

-  then spread. The lower ends of the shoulder straps snap onto metal

-  loops at the bottom of the carrier frame. The upper body straps are

-  attached to metal loops on each side of the carrier frame. The lower

-  body straps are fastened to one of the lower two pairs of eyelets of

-  the carrier pack.

-

-_b. Removal of carrier._

-

-  (1) To remove carrier or carrier frame, use screw driver and

-  adjustable-end wrench to take off frame clamp, bolt, nut, and lock

-  washer. (Fig 34) Then remove two pairs of bolts, nuts, and lock

-  washers which hold the carrier frame to bottom and top of the fuel

-  tanks. Lift off the carrier.

-

-  (2) To remove body straps, unsnap ends and lift out of holes. To

-  remove shoulder straps, unsnap lower ends and remove from holes. Pull

-  out cotter pins, then pins, from upper ends of shoulder straps, and

-  lift out straps.

-

-  (3) To remove carrier pack, unknot and unlace cord.

-

-_c. Installation of carrier._

-

-  (1) To install carrier frame (or a complete carrier) place frame in

-  position adjacent to fuel tanks (Fig 46), insert bolts in holes,

-  place lock washers and nuts on bolts, and tighten with screw driver

-  and wrench. Replace frame clamp on fuel connector and frame. Insert

-  bolt in holes, place lock washer and nut on bolt. Tighten with screw

-  driver and wrench.

-

-  (2) If carrier pack has been removed, use cord to relash. Lace tight

-  and use slip-proof knots. (Fig 46)

-

-  (3) To install straps, snap ends of body straps and lower ends of

-  shoulder straps into positions shown in Figure 46. Place upper ends

-  (steel loops) of shoulder straps in steel support between fuel tanks.

-  Insert two pins through any two of the holes in the support and

-  through the shoulder strap loops. Insert cotter pins in holes in pins

-  and spread cotter pins to lock pins in place.

-

-_d. Adjustment of carrier._ Carrier must be carefully adjusted to fit

-the individual firer so the load will not shift during sudden, rapid

-changes of firer’s position. Adjustments are as follows:

-

-  (1) _Cord and carrier pack._ Cord must be tight at all times. The

-  cord furnished with the equipment has very little tendency to

-  stretch. However, pull cord tight when lacing and use slip-proof

-  knots at ends. Tighten cord periodically.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 46. Carrier assembled on tank group.]

-

-  (2) _Straps._ Adjust straps to fit each firer, moving slides on

-  straps as necessary. Straps must fit snugly to prevent shifting of

-  load and to keep tank group high on firer’s back. Lower body straps

-  may be fastened in second pair from the bottom of carrier eyelets to

-  conform to firer’s physique. Pins, which hold top ends of shoulder

-  straps to steel support between the fuel tanks, may be moved to any

-  two of the three holes so as to provide the best balance in the load.

-

-_e. Maintenance of carrier._ Keep carrier dry and clean. If flame

-thrower becomes wet or muddy, clean and dry carrier thoroughly. Store

-in a dry place. If rotted, mildewed, or damaged, replace affected

-parts. If cord frays or breaks, use special seine cord from service kit

-as replacement.

-

-

-

-

-Section XVII GUN GROUP

-

-

-72. GENERAL

-

-The gun group consists of the fuel-hose assembly and the gun. The gun

-includes the fuel valve, which controls the ejection of fuel, and the

-ignition head, which ignites the fuel.

-

-

-73. FUEL-HOSE ASSEMBLY.

-

-_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 47) Hose, fuel, flame thrower,

-M1, assembly, provides a flexible connection between the fuel tanks and

-the gun.

-

-  (1) _Hose._ Made of synthetic rubber and reinforced with a cover of

-  metal wire and cotton braid, the hose resists the action of gasoline

-  and oil, and withstands a pressure of approximately 1,000 pounds per

-  square inch. Its inside diameter is 7/8 inch; its outside diameter is

-  approximately 1-1/4 inches.

-

-  (2) _Nipples._ The hose nipple, tank end, connects the hose to

-  the tank coupling on the tank group. The hose nipple, gun end, is

-  a threaded connector between the other end of the hose and the

-  fuel-valve body.

-

-_b. Removal of fuel-hose assembly._ Remove the hose from the gun only

-when necessary for maintenance. The threads in the fuel-valve body will

-be damaged by frequent screwing and unscrewing of the hose because the

-body is a lightweight aluminum casting. Fuel hose is replaced as a unit

-and is not disassembled in the second echelon. To disconnect from tank

-group, see Paragraph 70 _b_.

-

-_c. Installation of fuel-hose assembly._

-

-  (1) To install in tank group, see Paragraph 70 _c_.

-

-  (2) To install in gun, apply anti-seize compound (from service kit)

-  lightly to threads and screw hose in fuel-valve body by hand. Use

-  wrench only enough to make a secure connection.

-

-_d. Maintenance of fuel-hose assembly._ If the hose nipple, tank end,

-is badly nicked and does not provide a tight connection with a new

-coupling washer (Par 70):

-

-  (1) File the end surface, being careful to keep the surface at a

-  right angle to the sides of the nipple.

-

-  (2) Couple hose nipple, tank end, to tank coupling. If coupling

-  closes very easily, indicating washer is not being compressed,

-  replace the washer and recouple. If coupling still closes too freely,

-  the nipple has been filed too short, and the fuel-hose assembly

-  should be replaced as a unit.

-

-

-74. VALVE GRIP.

-

-_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 47) The valve grip is part of

-the fuel valve. It includes the controls and is held by the firer in

-his right hand to support the gun group. Parts of the valve grip are:

-

-  (1) _Left and right valve grips._ A pistol-type grip is formed by two

-  aluminum housings designated as the left valve grip and the right

-  valve grip. The two parts are held together by four screws and four

-  lock washers.

-

-  (2) _Grip support._ This aluminum housing is mounted above the left

-  and right valve grips and connected to them by two screws and lock

-  washers.

-

-  (3) _Valve lever._ This control is made to fit the fingers and is

-  mounted in front of and between the two parts of the valve grip. A

-  pin at the top of the lever fits into holes in left and right valve

-  grips and serves as a pivot, governing the movement of the lever.

-  When the lever and the grip safety are compressed simultaneously by

-  the operator, the valve is thereby opened and fuel is ejected from

-  the gun.

-

-  (4) _Grip safety._ This control is grasped by the hand simultaneously

-  with the valve lever. It is mounted back of and between left and

-  right valve grips. A pin at the base of the safety fits into holes

-  in the left and right valve grips and serves as a pivot in a manner

-  similar to the pin on the valve lever. The fuel cannot be discharged

-  unless both the valve lever and the grip safety are compressed

-  simultaneously.

-

-  (5) _Rocker arm._ The rocker arm, a boat-shaped metal part, is

-  mounted near its center on a pin. It is held in contact with the

-  valve lever by means of a valve-grip spring and spring pin. At its

-  top end, the rocker arm touches the yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm

-  assembly. When the valve lever and the grip safety are compressed,

-  the rocker arm pushes the valve diaphragm assembly forward.

-

-  (6) _Valve-grip spring._ When the firer’s hand releases the valve

-  grip, the valve-grip spring forces the valve lever, the grip safety,

-  and the rocker arm back to their normal, nonoperating positions.

-

-_b. Removal of valve grip._

-

-  (1) Unscrew the four screws and lock washers that hold the grip

-  support to the valve body. Remove the valve grip as a unit.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 47. Fuel valve (disassembled) and fuel hose,

-showing nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for

-requisitioning spare parts.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 48. Location of parts in right valve grip before

-covering them with left valve grip.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 49. Using screw driver to push long end of

-valve-grip spring into groove in grip safety.]

-

-  (2) To disassemble valve grip, remove screws and lock washers from

-  the grip. Lift off the left valve grip, exposing contents of grip.

-  Lift out the following parts: valve-grip spring, rocker arm, grip

-  safety, and valve lever.

-

-_c. Installing valve grip._

-

-  (1) Place grip safety, valve lever, and rocker arm in position in

-  right valve grip. (Fig 48) Be sure the shorter end of rocker arm is

-  at the top. Place grip spring over spring pin. Slip short end of grip

-  spring in groove of rocker arm. Place long end of grip spring on

-  outside of grip safety.

-

-  (2) Put left valve grip in place and insert the two lower lock

-  washers and screws. Tighten the two screws enough to hold parts in

-  place and still leave space for moving long end of spring into the

-  groove in grip safety. Push spring into groove with a screw driver.

-  (Fig 49)

-

-  (3) With spring in place, fully tighten the two screws with screw

-  driver.

-

-  (4) Place grip support in position, and insert the two upper lock

-  washers and screws. Tighten screws, using screw driver.

-

-  (5) Attach valve grip to valve body, using the four lock washers and

-  inserting the four screws through the grip support. Make sure that

-  the yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm assembly is in front of rocker

-  arm.

-

-_d. Maintenance of valve grip._ No maintenance is required for the

-valve grip other than replacement of worn or damaged parts, tightening

-of screws, cleaning, and lubrication. (Par 49)

-

-

-75. BARREL AND VALVE-BODY ASSEMBLY.

-

-_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 47) This assembly is part of the

-fuel valve. It includes the barrel, valve body, and operating parts

-contained in the barrel and valve body. The assembly consists of:

-

-  (1) _Valve body_, an aluminum housing, located at the rear of the

-  gun and mounted on the grip support by means of four screws and lock

-  washers. The valve body has four large threaded openings. The lower

-  opening leads into the valve grip. The side opening, which forms a

-  Y with the main portion of the body, is connected to the fuel-hose

-  assembly. The front opening is screwed on the barrel. The rear

-  opening is closed by the spring retainer and plug.

-

-  (2) _Valve-diaphragm assembly_, which transmits and reverses the

-  movement imparted to it by the rocker arm of the valve grip. (Par 74

-  _a_) It also serves as a seal, keeping fuel from entering the valve

-  grip. The valve-diaphragm assembly includes:

-

-    (_a_) _Yoke shaft_, on which the rocker arm bears at the lower end

-    of the shaft.

-

-    (_b_) _Yoke_, a Y-shaped metal part which fits on the upper end of

-    the yoke shaft and is held to it by a steel pin. The yoke transmits

-    motion from the shaft to the yoke block, and is located within the

-    valve body when the valve is assembled.

-

-    (_c_) _Diaphragm_, a synthetic-rubber diaphragm held in a steel

-    sleeve, which fits snugly in the lower opening of the valve body.

-    The yoke shaft passes through the diaphragm.

-

-  (3) _Diaphragm support, washer, and cap_, which hold the

-  valve-diaphragm assembly in place in the valve body.

-

-  (4) _Spring retainer_, a brass, hollow bushing which screws into the

-  rear opening of the valve body, and which is threaded internally

-  to receive the plug. The retainer has a hexagonal head to take a

-  1-3/8-inch wrench. As its name implies, the retainer holds the valve

-  spring in position.

-

-  (5) _Plug_, a brass part, resembling a cap screw, which fits into

-  the spring retainer, closing off the rear end of the gun. It permits

-  adjustment of the needle (see _d_ below) without removing the valve

-  spring and spring retainer.

-

-  (6) _Valve spring_, a coil spring located in the valve body between

-  the spring retainer and the yoke block. The spring keeps the needle

-  seated in the nozzle until compression of the grip safety and valve

-  lever forces back the yoke block, spring, and needle.

-

-  (7) _Yoke block_, a steel piece, 1 inch long, which fits into the

-  arms of the yoke Y. It is secured by an internal thread to the valve

-  needle. Movement of the yoke in turn moves the yoke block and the

-  valve needle.

-

-  (8) _Lock nut_, on the valve-needle thread at the rear of the yoke

-  block, which locks the block on the needle.

-

-  (9) _Valve-needle_, a pointed rod, which extends through the inside

-  of the barrel from the yoke block to the nozzle. The valve needle is

-  seated in the nozzle except when firing. It controls the ejection

-  of fuel from the nozzle. Two sets of three fins each, known as

-  needle guides, are mounted on the front and rear of the needle,

-  respectively. These guides keep the needle centered in the barrel.

-  The rear end of the valve needle is threaded to hold the yoke block

-  and permit adjustment of the needle by means of the lock nut which

-  screws on the threads. (See _d_ below.)

-

-  (10) _Barrel_ (Figs 47 and 54), which carries the fuel to the

-  ignition head. It also supports or contains other components of the

-  gun. The barrel assembly is replaced as a unit with the needle. It

-  consists of a tube, made of thin metal, with a threaded fitting at

-  the back end, and a nozzle brazed into the front end of the tube. The

-  nozzle ejects the fuel from the barrel through the ignition head. The

-  fuel emerges from two holes in the nozzle:

-

-    (_a_) _Atomizer hole_, a small opening which sprays a fine, readily

-    ignited mist of fuel. This helps ignite the main stream of fuel.

-

-    (_b_) _Main hole_, which is tapered inside, and which conveys the

-    main stream of fuel from the barrel. When the gun is not being

-    fired, the valve needle is seated in the main hole of the nozzle.

-    When the gun is being fired, the needle is withdrawn from the

-    nozzle seat, permitting the fuel to be forced from the gun.

-

-_b. Removal of barrel and valve-body assembly._ If gun group and

-tank group are connected, release any pressure in the fuel tanks by

-compressing the valve lever and the grip safety. Then disassemble as

-follows:

-

-  (1) Unscrew the fuel-hose assembly from the fuel-valve body only if

-  this is necessary for maintenance.

-

-  (2) Remove spring retainer and plug from end of fuel-valve body and

-  remove valve spring.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 50. Valve needle, yoke block, and lock nut ready for

-installation in fuel-valve body.]

-

-  (3) Unscrew diaphragm cap and pull out washer, support, and

-  valve-diaphragm assembly. To prevent loss of valve-needle adjustment

-  (Fig 54), do not disturb position of yoke block by turning the needle.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 51. Placing diaphragm assembly in position in

-fuel-valve body.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 52. Installing parts in fuel-valve body.]

-

-  (4) Slide the valve needle out of barrel; the yoke block and the lock

-  nut may then be unscrewed from the valve needle, but adjustment (see

-  _d_ below) will be necessary when reinstalling.

-

-_c. Installation of barrel and valve-body assembly._

-

-  (1) To install valve needle, screw the yoke block and lock nut on the

-  needle (Fig 50). Insert needle in valve body and barrel.

-

-  (2) Insert valve-diaphragm assembly into valve body (Fig 51), making

-  sure that the yoke slips into the flat notches of yoke block.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 53. Installing spring retainer in fuel-valve body.]

-

-  (3) Slip the diaphragm support, washer, and cap over the yoke shaft.

-  (Fig 52) Screw on the diaphragm cap by hand. Do not use a wrench.

-  Install valve grip. (Par 74 _c_)

-

-  (4) Place valve spring over end of needle and install spring

-  retainer. (Fig 53) Apply wrench very lightly to tighten spring

-  retainer.

-

-  (5) Adjust needle (see _d_ below), and screw plug into the spring

-  retainer.

-

-  (6) If hose has been removed, apply anti-seize compound lightly

-  to the threads. Screw hose into fuel-valve body. Wrench should be

-  applied very lightly to tighten.

-

-_d. Adjustment of valve needle._ Needle is adjusted after installation

-of parts in barrel and valve assembly. Use care when resetting needle,

-as smooth operation of the weapon depends on accurate adjustment.

-

-  (1) Remove ignition shield (Par 18) and plug from gun.

-

-  (2) Use the valve-adjusting wrench (Fig 8) to hold the lock nut and

-  apply a cabinet (narrow-bladed) screw driver (Fig 8) in the end of

-  the needle. Turn needle until it makes a snug fit in the nozzle

-  opening.

-

-  (3) Compress the valve lever and grip safety. The needle should draw

-  back into the nozzle with the tip of the needle at the smallest

-  diameter opening in the nozzle. (Fig 54)

-

-  (4) When the needle has been correctly adjusted, as in (3) above,

-  tighten the lock nut with the valve-adjusting wrench, keeping the

-  needle from turning with the screw driver. This will lock the

-  adjustment. Screw plug into the spring retainer.

-

-  (5) Replace ignition shield. (Par 18)

-

-_e. Maintenance of barrel and valve body._

-

-[Illustration: Fig 54. Valve-needle adjustment. Solid lines show needle

-in correct open position with point at smallest diameter of nozzle.

-Broken lines show needle in closed position.]

-

-  (1) _Damaged parts._ Replace worn or damaged parts. If the diaphragm

-  shows evidence of tears or separation, or if leaks occur at the

-  diaphragm, replace the valve-diaphragm assembly.

-

-  (2) _Valve spring._ If valve spring has lost resiliency, grasp it by

-  the ends and stretch slightly, or replace.

-

-  (3) _Nozzle leaks._ If valve leaks at nozzle, and cleaning (Par 55

-  _d_) does not remedy the leak, adjust needle (see _d_ above). If

-  leak persists, either replace barrel and needle, or lap seat. To

-  lap, place lapping compound on seat (in nozzle) and on needle point.

-  Turn needle in seat until parts make a tight connection when seated.

-  Remove lapping compound, reassemble, adjust needle, and test fire.

-

-  (4) _Atomizer hole._ If atomizer hole is clogged, clean with fine

-  wire. (Par 52 _i_)

-

-

-76. IGNITION HEAD.

-

-_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 55) The ignition head ignites

-the fuel when the flame thrower is fired. It is mounted on the fore

-part of the barrel. It consists of:

-

-  (1) _Ignition-head body_, which includes half of the front grip.

-  Three set screws serve to tighten the ignition-head body to the

-  barrel. The ignition-head body is made of aluminum.

-

-  (2) _Trigger and trigger bearing_, held between the ignition-head

-  body and the coverplate by the trigger screw.

-

-  (3) _Trigger rod_, one end of which is held in the trigger bearing,

-  the other extending through the ignition-head body. Pulling the

-  trigger shoves the trigger rod forward, causing it to push a match in

-  the ignition cylinder. The match ignites an incendiary charge in the

-  ignition cylinder.

-

-  (4) _Trigger spring_, which hooks over a projection of the trigger

-  and is held at its lower end by a screw, which is held in the

-  ignition-head body. This spring pulls the trigger rod back from the

-  firing position after the firer releases the trigger.

-

-  (5) _Latch_, located in the ignition-head body, in front of and above

-  the trigger guard. The latch, set on a pin, engages the notch of the

-  ignition shield, locking it in place. A latch spring holds latch in

-  position.

-

-  (6) _Coverplate_, an aluminum casting which constitutes the left

-  section of the front grip and covers the working parts seated in the

-  ignition head body. The coverplate and body are held together by four

-  screws and four lock washers.

-

-  (7) _Spring case_, which turns the ignition cylinder when the trigger

-  is pulled.

-

-    (_a_) Four projections on the inner spring case are bent over the

-    outer spring case to hold the two parts together.

-

-    (_b_) The inner-case pin (Fig 56) engages a stop on the inside of

-    the ignition cylinder. The five projecting metal matches on the

-    inside of the ignition cylinder are each in turn stopped by the lug

-    on the forward-facing surface of the ignition-head body.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 55. Ignition head disassembled, showing nomenclature

-and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for requisitioning spare

-parts.]

-

-    When the trigger is pulled, the trigger rod pushes a match forward,

-    causing an incendiary charge in the ignition cylinder to ignite.

-    The spring in the case rotates the ignition cylinder until another

-    match is stopped by the lug.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 56. Parts of ignition head and ignition cylinder.]

-

-    (_c_) The outer-case pin (on the outside surface of the outer

-    spring case) fits into the notch in the ignition shield and holds

-    the spring case as the shield is screwed into position. This action

-    winds the spring in the case.

-

-    (_d_) A snap ring holds the spring case on the ignition-head body.

-

-  (8) _Ignition shield_, a cylindrical, thin-metal tube with a conical

-  front end. The shield guides the flame and protects the firer. Eight

-  holes around the base of the cone provide an air intake for burning

-  the fuel. The base of the shield is threaded, and it screws onto

-  the ignition-head body. A notch (Fig 56) in the base of the shield

-  receives the latch and the outer-case pin of the spring case.

-

-_b. Removal of ignition head._ To remove the ignition head, proceed as

-follows:

-

-  (1) Remove shield by lifting latch and unscrewing shield

-  counterclockwise. (Fig 14) Keep hands and face away from front of

-  barrel.

-

-  (2) If ignition cylinder has not been removed, remove it or allow it

-  to fall off barrel.

-

-  (3) Pry off snap ring which holds spring case in position, using

-  screw driver. (Fig 57) Be careful not to damage or break the

-  ignition-head body by applying too much leverage.

-

-  (4) Remove the four screws and lock washers which hold ignition-head

-  body and coverplate together. Lift off coverplate.

-

-  (5) Trigger, trigger spring, trigger rod, latch, and latch spring may

-  be removed.

-

-  (6) Using a hex wrench, loosen set screws (Fig 58) and withdraw

-  barrel from ignition head.

-

-_c. Installation of ignition head._ To install ignition head, proceed

-as follows:

-

-  (1) Insert barrel in ignition-head body, pushing it as far forward as

-  the shoulder on the barrel permits.

-

-  (2) Aline front grip and valve grip.

-

-  (3) Using hex wrench, tighten set screws on barrel enough to hold but

-  not so tight that barrel is dented.

-

-  (4) Place latch, latch spring, trigger and bearing, trigger rod, and

-  trigger spring in position.

-

-  (5) Put coverplate on ignition-head body and replace the four lock

-  washers and screws.

-

-  (6) Slip spring case over barrel, and lock by forcing snap ring into

-  the groove.

-

-  (7) When weapon is to be used on a mission, fit ignition cylinder

-  and ignition shield in place on nozzle end of barrel as described in

-  Paragraph 18.

-

-_d. Maintenance of ignition head._

-

-  (1) _Servicing._ The ignition head should be cleaned and lubricated

-  each time it is disassembled. (Par 49)

-

-  (2) _Spring-case assembly._ If outer case rotates and inner case does

-  not, and no spring action occurs, spring is broken and spring case

-  should be replaced as a unit. Do not disassemble or repair this part.

-

-  (3) _Trigger rod and lug._ When trigger is pulled all the way, end

-  of trigger rod should extend 1/16 inch beyond lug on forward-facing

-  surface of ignition-head body. If end of trigger rod is worn, replace

-  rod. Lug on the ignition-head body should be approximately 7/32 inch

-  high. If lug is worn or broken, replace ignition head body.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 57. Prying snap ring from ignition head to remove

-spring case.]

-

-[Illustration: Fig 58. Loosening set screws with wrench so ignition

-head may be lifted off barrel.]

-

-

-

-

-APPENDIX

-

-

-

-

-Section XVIII SHIPMENT

-AND STORAGE

-

-

-77. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE.

-

-The flame thrower is shipped and stored in a wooden packing case (Fig

-59), which measures approximately 34 inches by 23 inches by 19 inches.

-Cubage of the case is approximately 8-1/2 cubic feet.

-

-[Illustration: Fig 59. Opened packing chest showing flame thrower and

-other contents as received.]

-

-_a. Storage procedure._ After use and servicing (Pars 55 and 56), if

-the weapon is not to be promptly reused on another mission, it should

-be returned to the packing case. Before disconnecting the gun group

-from the tank group and storing the weapon, the ignition cylinder

-should be removed, the fuel discharged, and the pressure released.

-Operate fuel valve to release any residual pressure in the fuel tanks.

-The deflector tube must be removed from the safety head (Fig 11) to

-permit the tank group to fit into the chest. The deflector tube should

-be kept in the spare parts kit or tool kit until the next use of the

-weapon. The spare parts kit, the tool kit, the extra cans of cylinders,

-TM 3-376A, and the coupling plug (Fig 7) should remain in the chest

-except when they are being used. Wooden fittings hold the tank group in

-place, with the pressure tank up. The gun group is disconnected from

-the tank group and is kept with fuel hose connected to the gun on the

-gun mounting board in the chest. (Fig 10)

-

-_b. Rust prevention._ If the flame thrower, parts, and tools are to be

-stored for a considerable length of time, especially in a damp climate,

-all exposed metal surfaces should be covered with a rust-preventive

-compound. Store in a dry place.

-

-

-

-

-Section XIX LIST OF REFERENCES

-

-

-78. REFERENCES.

-

-References pertaining to the care and use of flame throwers include:

-

-  AR 850-20  Precautions in Handling Gasoline

-

-  AR 850-60  Compressed Gas Cylinders; Safe Handling,

-               Storing, Shipping, Using

-

-  FM 31-50   Attack on a Fortified Position and Combat in

-               Towns

-

-  FM 100-5   Operations

-

-  TM 3-220   Decontamination

-

-  TM 9-850   Cleaning, Preserving, Lubricating, and Welding

-               Materials and Similar Items Issued by

-               the Ordnance Department

-

-

-

-

-INDEX

-

-

-                                                     _Paragraphs_

-

-- A -

-

-  Adjustable-end wrench,                             10_a_, 48_a_

-

-  Adjustment of fire,                                   25, 26_c_

-

-  After firing,                                        30, 55, 56

-

-  After six missions,                                          56

-

-  Aging of fuel,                                            35_j_

-

-  Aiming,                                           25, 26_c_, 34

-

-  Air compressor,                             32_a_, 32_b_, 39_a_

-

-  Alcohol,                                                  35_a_

-

-  Angles of tanks when firing,                              24_b_

-

-  Anti-seize compound

-    source of,                                              48_b_

-    use of,                                   58_b_, 70_c_, 73_c_

-

-  Assistants,                                            4_f_, 15

-

-  Atomizer hole

-    cleaning,                                               52_i_

-    description,                                            75_a_

-

-

-- B -

-

-  Barrel

-    adjustment,                                      52_e_, 75_d_

-    cleaning,                                        55_d_, 55_i_

-    damage to,                                          62, 75_e_

-    description,                                            75_a_

-    maintenance,                                        62, 75_e_

-

-  Barrel and valve-body assembly,                              75

-

-  Bleeders,                                                 32_c_

-

-  Burning time of fuels,                                       34

-

-  Bursts,                               4_b_, 9_b_, 25_c_, 28, 29

-

-  Bushing, pipe, 3/4 inch by 1/2 inch,            8, 10_b_, 48_b_

-

-

-- C -

-

-  Cap, diaphragm,                                              75

-

-  Capacity, fuel,                                     9_e_, 68_a_

-

-  Carrier

-    adjustment,                                 19, 56_e_, 60, 71

-    description,                                      5_a_, 71_a_

-    installation,                                           71_c_

-    maintenance,                                            71_e_

-    preventive maintenance,                             51, 55_h_

-    removal,                                                71_b_

-

-  Carrier frame,                                               71

-

-  Carrier pack,                                                71

-

-  Carrying the flame thrower,        19, 20, 55_b_, 56_e_, 60, 71

-

-  Catalog,                                                  48_b_

-

-  Charging of pressure tank,           4_g_, 32, 33, 61_c_, 66_a_

-

-  Check valve

-    description,  66_a_

-    installation,  66_b_

-    operation,                                      31, 32, 53_d_

-    removal,                                                66_b_

-    replacement,                                            66_e_

-

-  Cleaning

-    gun,             49_a_, 55, 56_f_, 58_c_, 74_d_, 75_e_, 76_d_

-    tank group,                           55, 58_c_, 68_c_, 71_e_

-

-  Cold weather,                                 34-36, 44, 49, 64

-

-  Compound, anti-seize

-    source of,                                              48_b_

-    use of,                                   58_b_, 70_c_, 73_c_

-

-  Compound, pipe thread (anti-seize),  48_b_, 58_b_, 70_c_, 73_c_

-

-  Compressed air

-    charging apparatus,                         32, 33, 46, 48_b_

-    leaks,                                           56_b_, 61_c_

-    release of,                                             66_b_

-    volume required,                                  9_g_, 32_c_

-

-  Compressor, air,                                   32_a_, 32_b_

-

-  Controls,                                14, 21, 26, 61, 74, 76

-

-  Cord

-    description,                                            71_a_

-    installation,                                           71_c_

-    replacement,                                 48_b_, 60, 71_e_

-    tightening,                                  51_h_, 60, 71_d_

-

-  Cotter pins,                                                 71

-

-  Coupling plug,                      10_f_, 17, 39_c_, 48_b_, 70

-

-  Coupling washer,                 10_b_, 48_b_, 58_f_, 70, 73_d_

-

-  Coverplate,                                                  76

-

-  Cubage,                                                    9_d_

-

-  Crankcase drainings,                                         36

-

-  Cylinders

-    destruction,                                               46

-    number required,                                  9_g_, 32_b_

-    use of, in charging,                                   32, 33

-    use of, in filling,                                        39

-

-- D -

-

-  Dampness

-    effect on fuel,                                         35_e_

-    effect on ignition cylinder,                           31, 41

-    effect on thickener,                                    35_e_

-    effect on weapon,                     41, 51_g_, 71_e_, 77_b_

-

-  Deflector tube,                                12_j_, 69, 77_a_

-

-  Description of flame thrower,                          5, 65-76

-

-  Destruction

-    accessories,                                       46_b_, _d_

-    flame thrower,                                          46_a_

-    fuel,                                                   46_c_

-    ignition cylinders,                              30_a_, 46_f_

-    thickener,                                              46_e_

-

-  Diaphragm,                                                   75

-

-  Diaphragm cap,                                               75

-

-  Diaphragm support,                                           75

-

-  Diaphragm, valve, assembly,  10_b_, 48_b_, 56_e_, 58_a_, 74, 75

-

-  Diaphragm washer,                                            75

-

-  Diesel oil,                                          35, 36, 40

-

-  Differences in models,                                        7

-

-  Diffusion-pipe assembly,                                 67, 68

-

-  Dimensions,                                                9_d_

-

-  Discharge time,                                            9_b_

-

-  Dome-type regulator,                                      67_d_

-

-  Drums,                                                    35-40

-

-  Duration of fire,                                      9_b_, 34

-

-  Dust

-    blowing out,                                            33_j_

-    effect on operation,                                       42

-

-

-- E -

-

-  E1 ignition cylinders,                                18_a_, 31

-

-  E3 portable flame thrower,                                 7_a_

-

-  Engineers’ wrenches,                               10_a_, 48_a_

-

-

-- F -

-

-  Filling fuel tanks

-    by blowing,                                                39

-    by force pump,                                             38

-    by pouring,                                                37

-    service when filling,                                      53

-

-  Filling plug,                      37, 39, 49, 51_d_, 56_b_, 69

-

-  Filling with fuel,                                  4_g_, 34-40

-

-  Fire precautions,                                 15_c_, 40, 55

-

-  Firers,                                                4_f_, 15

-

-  Firing technique,                              26-30, 54, 56_b_

-

-  Flexible shaft, valve

-    adjustment,                                             66_d_

-    description,                                            66_a_

-    installation,                                           66_c_

-    lubrication,                                               49

-    removal,                                                66_b_

-

-  Frame clamp,                                          68_a_, 71

-

-  Fuel

-    capacity,                                         9_e_, 68_a_

-    characteristics,                                           34

-    destruction,                                            46_c_

-    left in tanks,                                          24_b_

-    per 100 fillings,                                        9_g_

-    precautions,                                        35-40, 41

-    preparation,                                           35, 40

-    ranges,                                                    22

-    weight,                                                  9_c_

-

-  Fuel-filling hose,                                           39

-

-  Fuel-filling line,                                    39, 46_b_

-

-  Fuel hose

-    description,                                            70_a_

-    installation,                                70_c_, 73_c_, 75

-    length,                                                  9_d_

-    maintenance,                                 40_j_, 52, 73_d_

-    removal,                              40_j_, 70_b_, 73_b_, 75

-    replacement,                          5_b_, 48_b_, 58, 70, 73

-    stiffening of,                                             21

-

-  Fuel oils,                                           35, 36, 40

-

-  Fuel tanks

-    angle when firing,                                      24_b_

-    cleaning,                                        53_a_, 53_b_

-    description,                                      5_a_, 68_a_

-    fuel level,                                      53_b_, 68_a_

-    inspection,                                             53_a_

-    installation,                                           68_b_

-    maintenance,                                            68_c_

-    removal,                                                68_b_

-

-  Fuel valve

-    adjustment,                                             61_a_

-    cleaning,                                        56_f_, 61_d_

-    description,                               5_b_, 74_a_, 75_a_

-    effects of dirt,                                           42

-    failure to close,                                          62

-    installation,                             61_a_, 74_c_, 75_c_

-    leaks,                                                 56, 58

-    lubrication,                                               49

-    operation,                  14_c_, 26_b_, 61_a_, 74_a_, 75_a_

-    removal,                                         74_b_, 75_b_

-    testing,                                                56_c_

-

-  Funnel,                                                   35-37

-

-

-- G -

-

-  Gage, fuel-tank testing,                    48_b_, 56_b_, 67_d_

-

-  Gage, pressure testing,              48_b_, 53_d_, 56_b_, 67_d_

-

-  Gasoline, in fuels,                               34-40, 43, 44

-

-  Gloves,                                                   20_g_

-

-  Grease,                                                      49

-

-  Grip safety,                           14_c_, 49, 56_d_, 62, 74

-

-  Grip support,                                                74

-

-  Gun

-    assembling,                                             74-76

-    carrying,                                                  25

-    cleaning,            55_d_, 55_i_, 56_f_, 74_d_, 75_e_, 76_d_

-    description,                              5_b_, 14, 72, 74-76

-    disassembling,                                          74-76

-    length,                                                  9_d_

-    lubrication,                                               49

-    mounting board,                                         10_e_

-    preventive maintenance,                         50, 52, 54-56

-    requisitioning,                                          5_b_

-    storage,                                                12_g_

-

-  Gun group

-    assembling,                                             72-76

-    connecting to tank group,                          17, 70, 73

-    description,                                  5_b_, 14, 72-76

-    disassembly,                                            72-76

-    lubrication,                                               49

-    maintenance,                                            72-76

-    preventive maintenance,                         50, 52, 54-56

-    storage,                                                12_g_

-    weight,                                                  9_c_

-

-

-- H -

-

-  Heat, effect on fuel,                             34-36, 40, 43

-

-  Hex wrenches,                 10_a_, 48_a_, 67_d_, 76_b_, 76_c_

-

-  Hose connector,                                           68_a_

-

-  Hose, fuel

-    description,                                            73_a_

-    installation,                                70_c_, 73_c_, 75

-    length,                                                  9_d_

-    maintenance,                                     40_j_, 73_d_

-    removal,                              40_j_, 70_c_, 73_b_, 75

-    replacement,                          5_b_, 48_b_, 58, 70, 73

-    stiffening of,                                             21

-

-

-- I -

-

-  Identification,                                               6

-

-  Ignition action,                               14_b_, 44, 76_a_

-

-  Ignition cylinders

-    action,                                      14_b_, 31, 76_a_

-    description,                                        31, 76_a_

-    destruction,                                     30_a_, 46_f_

-    discarding,                                             30_a_

-    duration of fire,                                        9_b_

-    failure,                                        54_a_, 63, 64

-    loading of gun,                                     18, 76_a_

-    packing,                                            10_c_, 31

-    precautions,                                       18, 20, 31

-    storing,                                               31, 41

-    use in training,                          15_b_, 18_a_, 30_a_

-

-  Ignition failure,          18, 26, 31, 44, 54_a_, 63, 64, 76_d_

-

-  Ignition head

-    assembling,                                             76_c_

-    cleaning,                                49, 52, 54_a_, 76_d_

-    description,                                      5_b_, 76_a_

-    disassembling,                                      18, 76_b_

-    effects of dirt,                                       42, 52

-    failure,                                 54_a_, 63, 64, 76_d_

-    installation,                                           76_c_

-    loading,                                            18, 76_a_

-    lubrication,                                        49, 76_d_

-    maintenance,                                            76_d_

-    removal,                                                76_b_

-

-  Ignition-head body,                                          76

-

-  Ignition shield,                    18, 52_d_, 54_a_, 55_d_, 76

-

-  Immersion,                                      effects of,  41

-

-  Incendiary effects,                                   3, 34, 44

-

-  Interchanging with E3,                                     7_a_

-

-  Interchanging with M1 or M1A1,                          7_b_, 8

-

-

-- J -

-

-  Jungle ranges,                                               22

-

-

-- K -

-

-  Kerosene,                                      35_a_, 36_a_, 40

-

-  Kit

-    tool,                                               10, 77_a_

-    spare parts,                                        10, 77_a_

-    service,                                                   48

-

-

-- L -

-

-  Lapping needle and nozzle,                                75_e_

-

-  Latch,                                                       76

-

-  Leaded gasoline,                                          40_n_

-

-  Leaks

-    fuel,                             56, 58, 66_b_, 68-70, 73-75

-    pressure,               21, 51_b_, 53_d_, 56_b_, 61_c_, 66_b_

-

-  Left valve grip,                                             74

-

-  Line, fuel-filling,                                          39

-

-  Lines, charging and filling

-    destruction,                                               46

-    source,                                                 48_b_

-    use,                                                   32, 33

-

-  Liquid fuels

-    aiming,                                                    25

-    characteristics,                                           34

-    filling,                                               37, 38

-    precautions,                                            36-40

-    preparation,                                           35, 40

-    ranges,                                                22, 34

-

-  Loading ignition cylinder,                            18, 76_a_

-

-  Lubrication,                                                 49

-

-

-- M -

-

-  Marking,                                               6, 18_a_

-

-  M1 and M1A1 portable flame throwers,                    7_b_, 8

-

-  Moisture

-    effect on fuel,                                         35_e_

-    effect on ignition cylinder,                           31, 41

-    effect on thickener,                                    35_e_

-    effect on weapon,                     41, 51_g_, 71_e_, 77_b_

-

-  Mounting board,                                           12_g_

-

-

-- N -

-

-  Needle

-    adjustment,                                      52_e_, 75_d_

-    cleaning,                                           52, 55_d_

-    description,                                            75_a_

-    installation,                                           75_c_

-    leaks,                                                     58

-    removal,                                                75_b_

-

-  Nitrogen

-    charging apparatus,                         32, 33, 46, 48_b_

-    leaks,                                           56_b_, 61_c_

-    release of,                                             66_b_

-    volume required,                                  9_g_, 32_c_

-

-  Nozzle

-    adjustment,                               52_e_, 56_b_, 75_d_

-    cleaning,                                           52, 55_d_

-    description,                                            75_a_

-    leaks,                                       56_b_, 58, 75_e_

-

-

-- O -

-

-  Oxygen, hazard from use,                                  32_c_

-

-

-- P -

-

-  Packing chest

-    cubage,                                                  9_d_

-    dimensions,                                              9_d_

-    opening,                                                   12

-    use of,                                                12, 30

-    weight,                                                  9_c_

-

-  Paddle,                                                  35, 36

-

-  Painting,                                         13, 41, 68_c_

-

-  Pins, (carrier)                                              71

-

-  Plug, coupling,                     10_f_, 17, 39_c_, 48_b_, 70

-

-  Plug, filling,                     37, 39, 49, 51_d_, 56_b_, 69

-

-  Plug-retainer assembly,                                      69

-

-  Plug, safety-head,                        37, 39, 49, 51_d_, 69

-

-  Plug, testing,                                     56_b_, 67_d_

-

-  Point-blank range,                                           22

-

-  Positions, firing,                                           24

-

-  Precautions

-    in training,                                               15

-    when charging,                                             33

-    when filling with fuel,                                 37-40

-    when firing,                                     22_a_, 24_d_

-    when preparing fuel,                               35, 36, 40

-    when servicing,                                            57

-    with cylinder,                                     18, 31, 57

-    with gun,                                                  20

-

-  Pressure

-    charging,                                              32, 33

-    charging apparatus,                         32, 33, 46, 48_b_

-    lack of,                                            56_b_, 61

-    leaks,                                           56_b_, 61_c_

-    pounds of,                                    9_f_, 32, 56_b_

-    release of,                                             66_b_

-    testing for,                                     53_d_, 56_b_

-

-  Pressure regulator

-    adjustment,                                  56_b_, 59, 67_d_

-    description,                                      5_a_, 67_a_

-    effects of dirt,                                           42

-    installation,                                    66_c_, 67_c_

-    removal,                                                67_b_

-    replacement,                             48_b_, 56_b_, 59, 67

-    testing,                                  56_b_, 61_b_, 67_d_

-

-  Pressure tank

-    charging,                                              32, 33

-    description,                                      5_a_, 66_a_

-    installation,                                           66_c_

-    removal,                                                66_b_

-    replacement,                                      4_g_, 48_b_

-

-  Pressure tank and valve assembly

-    adjustment,                                             66_d_

-    description,                                      5_a_, 66_a_

-    installation,                                           66_c_

-    maintenance,                                            66_e_

-    removal,                                                66_b_

-    testing for leaks,                                      53_d_

-

-  Pressure-tank clamp

-    description,                                            66_a_

-    installation,                                           66_c_

-    removal,                                                66_b_

-    repair,                                                 51_e_

-

-  Pressure-tank valve

-    description,                                      5_a_, 66_a_

-    effects of dirt,                                           42

-    installation,                                           66_c_

-    operation,                            14_a_, 21, 55_g_, 61_b_

-    removal,                                                66_b_

-    replacement,                                     48_b_, 66_e_

-    testing,                                         51_a_, 53_c_

-

-  Pressure-tank valve handle,                14_a_, 21, 48_b_, 66

-

-  Preventive maintenance services,                          50-56

-

-  Pump

-    force,                                                     38

-    air,                                                    39_a_

-

-

-- R -

-

-  Rain, effect on firing,                               41, 77_b_

-

-  Ranges,                       4_c_, 15_b_, 15_c_, 22, 61, 67_d_

-

-  Recoil,                                                   24_c_

-

-  Records,                                               2, 49_a_

-

-  References,                                            1_b_, 78

-

-  Regulator tube,                                          66, 67

-

-  Removal of tank group,                             55_b_, 66-71

-

-  Right valve grip,                                            74

-

-  Rocker arm,                                       49, 74, 75_a_

-

-

-- S -

-

-  Safety, grip,                                     14_c_, 62, 74

-

-  Safety-head plug,                             37, 39, 51_d_, 69

-

-  Safety head, replacement,    51_d_, 54_b_, 55_f_, 56_b_, 59, 69

-

-  Screening effect,                                         3, 34

-

-  Screw drivers,         10_a_, 48_a_, 52_f_, 74_c_, 75_d_, 76_b_

-

-  Seine cord

-    description,                                            71_a_

-    installation,                                           71_c_

-    replacement,                                 48_b_, 60, 71_e_

-    tightening,                                  51_h_, 60, 71_d_

-

-  Service kit,                                                 48

-

-  Service, on receipt of equipment,                        12, 13

-

-  Set-screw wrenches,           10_a_, 48_a_, 67_d_, 76_b_, 76_c_

-

-  Shield, ignition,                   18, 52_d_, 54_a_, 55_d_, 76

-

-  Shipment,                                                    77

-

-  Short range, causes of,                                      61

-

-  Sighting,                                                    25

-

-  Skids, use of,                                               24

-

-  Smoke,                                                    3, 34

-

-  Smoking,                                              15, 40_d_

-

-  Snap ring,                                                   76

-

-  Soaking the target,                                          29

-

-  Spare parts in service kit,                           48, 77_a_

-

-  Spare parts kit,                                          10_b_

-

-  Spray of fuel,                                            61_a_

-

-  Spring case

-    cleaning,                                        52_j_, 76_d_

-    description,                                               76

-    effects of dust,                                    42, 52_j_

-    general,                                    10_b_, 18, 31, 76

-    lubrication at,                              49, 52_j_, 76_d_

-    maintenance,                                            76_d_

-    replacement,                              48_b_, 63_b_, 76_d_

-

-  Spring retainer and plug,                             52_g_, 75

-

-  Spring, trigger,                                      63_d_, 76

-

-  Spring-type regulator,                                    67_d_

-

-  Spring, valve,                                               75

-

-  Spring, valve-grip,                                          74

-

-  Stem, pressure valve,                                     66_d_

-

-  Storage

-    charging lines,                                            42

-    cylinders,                                          33, 77_a_

-    filling lines,                                             42

-    flame thrower,                          12, 30_f_, 41, 42, 77

-    fuel,                                        35_j_, 36_i_, 40

-    ignition cylinders,                                        31

-

-  Straps, adjustment,                     19, 51_i_, 60_b_, 71_d_

-

-  Sun, exposure of flame thrower to,                       40, 43

-

-  Support, diaphragm,                                          75

-

-

-- T -

-

-  Tactics,                                                3, 4_e_

-

-  Tank connector,                                           68_a_

-

-  Tank coupling

-    cleaning,                                               70_d_

-    description,                                            70_a_

-    installation,                                           70_c_

-    leaks,                                              58, 70_d_

-    maintenance,                       51_c_, 70_c_, 70_d_, 73_d_

-    operation,                                      17, 70, 73_a_

-    removal,                                                70_b_

-    testing,                                                51_c_

-

-  Tank group

-    adjustment,                                             66-71

-    carrying,                                   19, 24, 55_b_, 71

-    connecting to gun,                               4_g_, 17, 70

-    description,                                      5_a_, 65-71

-    dimensions,                                              9_d_

-    interchanging,                                   4_g_, 17, 70

-    installation,                                           66-71

-    maintenance,                                            66-71

-    preventive maintenance,                         50, 51, 53-56

-    removal,                                         55_b_, 66-71

-    requisitioning,                                          5_a_

-    weight,                                                  9_c_

-

-  Targets,                                                  3, 25

-

-  Temperature, effects of,              34-36, 40, 43, 44, 49, 64

-

-  Test firing,                         12_k_, 35_k_, 36_h_, 56_b_

-

-  Thickened fuel

-    aiming,                                          25_c_, 26_c_

-    characteristics,                                           34

-    filling,                                                37-39

-    precautions,                                       35, 39, 40

-    preparation,                                           35, 40

-    ranges,                                                22, 34

-

-  Thickener

-    destruction,                                            46_e_

-    quantity,                                            9_g_, 35

-    storage,                                                   35

-    use,                                                       35

-

-  Time of discharge,                                         9_b_

-

-  Tool kit,                                          10_a_, 77_a_

-

-  Training,                                             15, 30_a_

-

-  Trigger,                           14_b_, 26_a_, 49, 52, 63, 76

-

-  Trigger rod

-    description,                                            76_a_

-    lubrication,                                               49

-    maintenance,                                     52_l_, 76_d_

-

-  Trigger screw,                                               76

-

-  Trigger spring,                                52_k_, 63_d_, 76

-

-

-- U -

-

-  Underbrush,                                               22_b_

-

-  Uses of flame throwers,                                       3

-

-

-- V -

-

-  Valve-adjusting wrench

-    source,                                                 48_a_

-    use,                                                    75_d_

-

-  Valve, pressure-tank,                                        75

-

-  Valve-diaphragm assembly,       10, 48_b_, 56_c_, 58_a_, 74, 75

-

-  Valve flexible shaft

-    adjustment,                                             66_d_

-    description,                                            66_a_

-    installation,                                           66_c_

-    lubrication,                                               49

-    removal,                                                66_b_

-

-  Valve grip

-    action,                                          14_c_, 74_a_

-    description,                                            74_a_

-    effects of dirt,                                           42

-    installation,                                           74_c_

-    leaks,                                                  58_a_

-    lubrication,                                 49, 56_d_, 74_d_

-    maintenance,                                            74_d_

-    removal,                                                74_b_

-

-  Valve-grip spring,                                           74

-

-  Valve lever

-    description,                                            74_a_

-    installation,                                           74_c_

-    lubrication,                                               49

-    operation,                                   14_c_, 62, 74_a_

-    play,                                                   52_e_

-    removal,                                                74_b_

-

-  Valve needle

-    adjustment,                                      52_e_, 75_d_

-    cleaning,                                           52, 55_d_

-    description,                                            75_a_

-    installation,                                           75_c_

-    leaks,                                                     58

-    removal,                                         75_b_, 75_e_

-

-  Valve, fuel

-    adjustment,                                             61_a_

-    cleaning,                                        56_f_, 61_d_

-    description,                               5_b_, 74_a_, 75_a_

-    effects of dirt,                                           42

-    failure to close,                                          62

-    installation,                             61_a_, 74_c_, 75_c_

-    leaks,                                              56_c_, 58

-    lubrication,                                               49

-    operation,                  14_c_, 26_b_, 61_a_, 74_a_, 75_a_

-    removal,                                         74_c_, 75_c_

-    testing,                                                56_c_

-

-  Valve pressure-tank

-    description,                                      5_a_, 66_a_

-    effects of dirt,                                           42

-    installation,                                           66_c_

-    operation,                            14_a_, 21, 55_g_, 61_b_

-    removal,                                                66_b_

-    replacement,                                     48_b_, 66_e_

-    testing,                                         51_a_, 53_c_

-

-  Valve spring,                                                75

-

-  Void in fuel tanks,                                53_b_, 68_a_

-

-

-- W -

-

-  Washer, coupling,                       10_b_, 48_b_, 70, 73_d_

-

-  Washer, diaphragm,                                           75

-

-  Water

-    and ignition cylinder,                                 31, 41

-    effect on fuel,                                         35_e_

-    effect on thickener,                                    35_e_

-    effect on weapon,                            41, 51_g_, 71_e_

-    use in testing,                                  56_b_, 67_d_

-    use in training,                                           15

-

-  Weights,                                             4_d_, 9_c_

-

-  Wind, effects of,                                        23, 45

-

-  Wrenches,                                   10_a_, 48_a_, 67_d_

-

-

-- Y -

-

-  Yoke,                                                        75

-

-  Yoke block,                                                  75

-

-  Yoke shaft,                                                  75

-

-

-

-

-_NOTES_

-

-

-

-

-  REPRODUCTION PLANT

-  CHEMICAL WARFARE SCHOOL

-  EDGEWOOD ARSENAL MD

-  1944

-

-

-

-

-

-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of War Department Technical Manual TM

-3-376 A,, by War Department

-

-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PORTABLE FLAME THROWER ***

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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 53669 ***
+
+Transcriber’s Notes
+
+The spelling, hyphenation and punctuation is as the original, with the
+exception of apparent typographical errors.
+
+  Italic text is denoted as _underscore_.
+  Bold text is denoted as =equals sign=.
+  Underlined text is also denoted as _underscore_, Generally used at
+  beginning of paragraphs.
+
+
+
+
+  _War Department Technical Manual_
+  _TM 3-376A_
+
+
+  PORTABLE
+  FLAME THROWER
+  M2-2
+
+[Illustration: Printer’s mark]
+
+
+_RESTRICTED_
+
+  DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER. The information contained in
+  restricted documents and the essential characteristics of restricted
+  material may be given to any person known to be in the service of
+  the United States and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discretion
+  who are cooperating in Government work, but will not be communicated
+  to the public or to the press except by authorized military public
+  relations agencies. (See also par. 18b, AR 380-5, 28 Sep 1942.)
+
+
+_War Department - 16 May 1944_
+
+_Washington, D. C._
+
+
+
+
+  WAR DEPARTMENT,
+  Washington, 25, D. C. 16 May 1944
+
+TM 3-376A, Portable Flame Thrower M2-2 is published for the information
+and guidance of all concerned.
+
+[A. G. 300.7 (21 March 44)]
+
+By order of the Secretary of War:
+
+  G. C. MARSHALL,
+  _Chief of Staff_.
+
+  Official:
+  J. A. ULIO,
+  _Major General_,
+  _The Adjutant General_.
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+  R & H (5); Bn 2, 7, 17 (2); C & H 3 (5); IC & H 5 (5); C 2, 7, 17
+  (2); X. ID: T/O & E 72T, Light Div; 17, Armd Div; IR: T/O 5-192, Hq
+  & Hq Co, Engr Comb Gr; 5-171, Engr Comb Regt; IBn: T/O 5-15, Engr
+  Comb Bn; 5-35, Engr Bn Sep; 5-175, Engr Bn, Comb Regt; 5-215, Armd
+  Engr Bn; 5-475T, Engr Bn, Light Div; IC: T/O 5-16, Hq & Hq & Sv Co,
+  Engr Combat Bn; 5-17, Engr Comb Co; 5-192, Hq & Hq Co, Engr Comb Gr;
+  5-36, Hq & Hq & Sv Co, Engr Bn (Sep); 5-37, Co, Engr Bn (Sep); 5-176,
+  Hq & Hq Det, Engr Bn, Engr Comb Regt; 5-216, Hq & Hq Co, Armd Engr
+  Bn; 5-217, Co, Armd Engr Bn; 5-476T, Hq & Hq Co, Engr Bn, Light Div;
+  5477-T, Co, Engr Bn, Light Div.
+
+(For explanation of symbols see Par 26, FM 21-6)
+
+
+
+
+TECHNICAL MANUAL
+
+PORTABLE FLAME THROWER M2-2
+
+  WAR DEPARTMENT
+  WASHINGTON, 25, D. C., 16 May 1945
+
+
+  CHANGES}
+  No. 1  }
+
+
+  TM 3-376A, 16 May 1944, is changed as follows:
+
+
+=10. ITEMS WITH EACH FLAME THROWER.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  _b. Kit, spare parts, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly
+  B81-6-=190=._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  _g._ (Added). Army Service Forces Catalog CW 7-440114, Organizational
+  Spare Parts and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons: for Flame Thrower,
+  Portable, M2-2.
+
+  Fig. 8. Contents of tool kit:
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    B. 1 Wrench, hex, * * * set screws, H22-49-12.
+
+      =2 Wrench, hex, 5/32-inch across flats for 5/16-inch socket-head
+      set screws, H22-49-140.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  Fig 9. Contents of spare parts kit:
+
+    F. (Added). 3 Tubes, deflector, A81-1-501. (See fig. 39.)
+
+    G. (Added). 3 Locknuts, pipe, hex, 1/8-inch, H98-5-382 (for use
+        with deflector tube). (See fig. 39.)
+
+    H. (Added). 1 Support, diaphragm, A81-1-428. (See fig. 47.)
+
+
+=12. NEW EQUIPMENT.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_m._ (Added). New gun may be received with valve spring removed from
+barrel and valve assembly. Spring comes tied to barrel. This is done to
+prevent strain on valve diaphragm assembly caused by pressure of spring
+in gun during storage and shipment. When weapon is being prepared for
+operation, spring must be untied from barrel and installed in gun, as
+described in paragraph 75.
+
+_n._ (Added). Pressure regulator may be shipped at zero adjustment
+to prevent possibility of strain on diaphragm during shipment and
+storage. A regulator shipped in this condition has a tag (tied to the
+tank coupling) stating that the regulator is not set. When weapon
+is received in this condition, it must be adjusted as described in
+paragraph 67 before it can be operated.
+
+
+  Footnote:
+
+  =*These changes supersede TB 3-376A-1, 19 October 1944.=
+
+
+=15. TRAINING.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_b. Use of water in training._ Water may be used (instead of fuel)
+for elementary practice firing. Ignition cylinders are * * * piece,
+and lubricated (Par. 49). =Use of water, however, should always be
+supplemented by firing ignited fuel because water does not give a
+correct impression of stream and flame characteristics.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=17. CONNECTING TANK GROUP AND GUN GROUP.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_a._ Place the new * * * to 2 minutes. =Slight pressure sometimes
+builds up in the fuel tanks, even though the pressure-tank valve has
+not been opened, and causes some overflow of fuel when the coupling
+plug is removed. This pressure may be relieved by—=
+
+    =(1) Standing the tank group upright.=
+
+    =(2) Slightly opening filling plug on top of fuel tanks to
+    bleed the pressure.=
+
+    =(3) Closing the opening at filling plug and tightening it
+    with wrench.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=18. LOADING WITH IGNITION CYLINDER.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  _b. Precautions._ Care must be * * * front of gun. =Do not ignite
+  the ignition cartridge until the weapon is to be fired at the
+  target.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=30. AFTER FIRING.=
+
+  When the firer * * * mission, he should:
+
+_a._ =First=, remove and discard the ignition cylinder, =as the
+ignition cylinder should never be present when blowing out fuel or
+after blowing out fuel except when preparing for a new mission. To
+remove cylinder, proceed= as follows:
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_b._ Close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle clockwise
+(to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank) =only if additional
+shots are to be fired before refilling and recharging=.
+
+_c._ =If no additional shots are to be fired before refilling
+and recharging, open pressure-tank valve by turning handle
+counterclockwise.= Point the gun away from personnel and blow out the
+remaining fuel =and pressure=, if any, from the fuel tanks by squeezing
+the valve lever and grip safety until there is no further discharge.
+The trigger should not be used during this operation. =Then close the
+pressure-tank valve to prevent entrance of foreign matter into the
+pressure system.=
+
+_d._ (Superseded). Carefully remove tank group from the back. This may
+be done most easily by sitting or squatting with back to a tree stump,
+flat rock, packing box, or other object. Release the body and shoulder
+straps and ease tank group off the back. Avoid dropping equipment on
+the ground as this may damage it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=31. IGNITION CYLINDER.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_c. Packing._ Ignition cylinders are * * * each flame thrower. Fifty
+cans (100 ignition cylinders) are contained in each =ignition cylinder=
+packing box. =Wooden packing box with contents weighs approximately 50
+to 55 pounds. Outside dimensions of the box are approximately 16-1/4
+inches by 14-3/4 inches by 10-1/4 inches. Cubage is 1-3/12 cubic feet.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=32. CHARGING PRESSURE TANK.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_b. Charging from air compressor._ Compressor, air, gasoline * * *
+cylinders as well. Instructions for use of the compressor will be found
+in =TM 3-377=.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  =Figure 23.= Charging two pressure tanks, using charging and filling
+  lines, and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen. =As many as four
+  pressure tank and valve assemblies, on or off tank groups, can be
+  charged at one time from cylinders coupled as shown in figure 24.=
+
+
+=33. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PRESSURE-CHARGING.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_m._ (Added). Inspect carefully to be certain that no traces of grease,
+flame thrower fuel, oil, dirt, or other foreign matter are present in
+flame thrower pressure tanks, outlets of air compressor, connections,
+hose, or cylinders containing compressed air.
+
+_n._ (Added). Hands and tools must be free of oil or grease when
+charging or servicing flame thrower pressure systems.
+
+_o._ (Added). Discharge any remaining compressed air in flame thrower
+pressure tanks before recharging.
+
+_p._ (Added). If compressed air is to be used, and if any grease, oil,
+or flame thrower fuel is detected by sense of smell or sight within
+pressure tank and valve assemblies or cylinders, return tanks or
+cylinders for cleaning to the appropriate third-echelon maintenance
+agency of Chemical Warfare Service.
+
+
+=35.1 PEPTIZED FUELS= (Added).
+
+_a. Characteristics._
+
+(1) Pour more readily than usual thickened fuels.
+
+(2) Give a larger diameter flame than thickened fuels.
+
+(3) Give longer effective ranges than liquid fuels.
+
+(4) Prepared more quickly in cool temperatures than thickened fuels.
+
+_b. Preparation._
+
+(1) Open 5-1/4-pound can or cans of thickener.
+
+(2) Add 2 mess kit spoonfuls of water to each can of thickener. Stir
+until the water disappears in the thickener. It is not necessary to mix
+the water uniformly with all of the thickener.
+
+(3) Proceed at once as directed in paragraph 35. Avoid accidental
+addition of any water to the thickener or fuel other than that stated
+in (2) above.
+
+(4) Peptized fuels set a little more quickly than the usual thickened
+fuels, but their general appearance after setting is the same. After
+standing, however, peptized fuels spontaneously become thinner and
+may be poured without use of pressure. The time it takes for thinning
+to occur depends on the temperature of the fuel. At 75° Fahrenheit or
+higher, thinning occurs in approximately 1 to 2 hours. At temperatures
+below 60° Fahrenheit, thinning occurs several days after preparation of
+the peptized fuel.
+
+(5) If water has accidentally gotten into fuel before addition of
+the thickener, peptizing action takes place, but the results are
+unpredictable because the quantity of water added is not controlled.
+
+
+=36. PREPARATION OF LIQUID FUELS.=
+
+_a. Choice of ingredients._ Thin fuels are * * * reaching the target.
+For this reason, liquid fuels should contain the lowest proportion of
+gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier fuels that permit easy
+ignition. In hot climates, * * * of great importance. =The gasoline
+used can be any U. S. grade of motor fuel or aviation gasoline.=
+Suitable blends are as follows:
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(3) (Added). By volume, 20 to 25 percent gasoline and 75 to 80 percent
+light fuel oil.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=40.1 USE OF PACKBOARDS= (Added).
+
+Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies (par. 66.1) make possible
+the use of packboards for transporting pressure tanks, 5-gallon
+cans of fuel, wrenches, and additional ignition cylinders close to the
+front line of combat to troops using flame throwers. As packboards
+are not manufactured specifically for servicing flame throwers, standard
+quartermaster-issue packboards are used. Packboard transportation
+is practicable only with pourable fuel. (Pourable fuels include
+some thickened fuels and all liquid fuels.)
+
+_a._ The following is a suggested procedure for packboard
+transportation:
+
+(1) Lash all necessary filling and charging supplies for one flame
+thrower to packboard, using lashing rope and straps.
+
+(2) Tie one pressure tank and valve assembly to top of one flat 5-gallon
+fuel can so that flexible shaft and handle hang down parallel to
+one side of the fuel can.
+
+(3) Carry wrench with large enough opening to unscrew filling
+plugs from tops of fuel tanks and to tighten plugs after filling.
+
+(4) Carry extra ignition cylinders.
+
+_b._ Return empty pressure tank and valve assembly along with empty
+fuel can and wrench on packboard to flame thrower servicing point.
+
+_c._ If a supply of flame thrower tank groups is available, they may
+be preferred to the packboard method of transportation. Tank
+groups are easy to carry, and a filled and charged tank group can
+replace an emptied one as quickly as packboard method can be used to
+service flame thrower.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=48. SERVICE KIT.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_a. Tools._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  1 Screw driver, common, * * * blade diameter, H22-50-6. (Fig. 8.)
+
+  =2 Wrenches, hex, 5/32 inch across flats (for 5/16-inch socket-head
+  set screws), H22-49-140. (See B, fig. 8.)=
+
+  2 Wrenches, hex, * * * set screws), H22-49-91.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_b. Accessories and spare parts._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+1 Tank and valve, pressure, assembly =(less valve shaft assembly,
+B81-1-883) B81-1-879. (See fig. 35.2.)=
+
+1 Shaft, valve, assembly =B-81-1-883. (See fig. 35.2.)=
+
+2 Case, spring, assemblies B81-1-444. (Fig. 9.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+1 Regulator, pressure, assembly =(Grove type) B81-1-778. (Fig.
+35.2.)=
+
+1 Compound, anti-seize, white * * * 1/4-pound can, H99-3-12.
+
+2 Gages, pressure * * * assembly B81-6-90. (Fig. 32.)
+
+=6 Tubes, deflector, A81-1-501. (See fig. 39.)=
+
+=6 Locknuts, pipe, hex, 1/8-inch, H98-5-382. (See fig. 39.)=
+
+=2 Supports, diaphragm, A81-1-428. (See fig. 47.)=
+
+=6 Springs, R81-1-922 (for socket). (See fig. 35.8.)=
+
+=6 Washers, backing, R81-1-924 (brass washer for socket).
+(See fig. 35.8.)=
+
+=12 Washers, B81-1-923 (synthetic rubber washer for
+socket). (See fig. 35.8.)=
+
+=6 Caps, plug, B81-1-926 (with chain) (dust cap for plug).
+(See fig. 35.3.)=
+
+=12 Nuts, wing, A81-1-877. (See fig. 35.4.)=
+
+=2 Army Service Forces Catalogs CW 6-445115, Sets of Tools,
+Equipment, and Similar Material: Kit, service, for Portable
+Flame Thrower, M2-2.=
+
+=2 Army Service Forces Catalogs CW 7-440114, Organizational
+Spare Parts and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons:
+for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2.=
+
+=2 War Department Technical Manuals 3-376A, Portable
+Flame Thrower M2-2.=
+
+
+=49. LUBRICATION.=
+
+_a. Gun group._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(2) _Frequency of lubrication._ The surfaces of * * * lubricated
+before reassembly. =Do not soak or wash the spring case
+assembly in solvent because this may remove the grease
+which is factory packed in the spring case assembly. This
+grease cannot be replaced. To clean spring case assembly,
+wide outside surfaces with cloth saturated with solvent.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=53. SERVICE WHEN FILLING AND CHARGING.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_d. Testing for leaks in pressure system._ After charging and
+* * * to test pressure. (Fig. 32.) To install gage, unscrew
+check-valve cap, =moisten end of check valve with water or saliva=,
+and screw gage in check-valve body. =Use of water or saliva as
+lubricant prevents cutting of the rubber washer by the check
+valve.= If pressure has * * * and then retested.
+
+
+=66. PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLY.=
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ The pressure tank * * * assembly
+(Fig. 33) includes:
+
+(1) _Pressure tank._ The pressure tank * * * the fuel tanks. =The
+pressure-tank clamp may be adjusted to different outside diameters of
+pressure tanks by means of a nut and screw tightening device (fig.
+35.1) or by means of a stepped ring at end of clamp.=
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.1. (Added.) Adjustable pressure tank clamp,
+showing use of nut and screw tightening device.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_b. Removal._ (Fig. 33.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(2) _Removal procedure._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(_h_) (Added). To remove check valve, unscrew check valve cap and
+check valve body, using wrenches.
+
+_c. Installation._ (Figs. 33 and 39.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(7) (Added). To install check valve, apply thread compound lightly to
+threads of cheek valve body and screw into opening in pressure-tank
+valve. Tighten check valve body in position, using wrench. Screw check
+valve cap on check valve body and tighten with wrench.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=66.1 DETACHABLE PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLIES= (Added).
+
+Newly developed detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies provide
+an improved and speedier method of servicing M2-2 portable flame
+throwers in forward combat zones.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._
+
+(1) Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies (figs. 35.2 and
+35.3) are used in modified flame throwers. They make it unnecessary to
+replace empty complete tank groups with filled and charged complete
+tank groups.
+
+(2) Replacement of complete tank group, however, may be preferred when
+an extra supply of tank groups is available, or if thickened fuel is
+too stringy and viscous to pour.
+
+(3) Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies can be attached only
+to flame throwers which include sockets (figs. 35.2 and 35.3) and
+shortened regulator tubes. Flame throwers produced recently include
+this design modification.
+
+(4) A plug and cap (fig. 35.3) on detachable pressure tank and valve
+assembly replace tube elbow (fig. 33) used on nondetachable pressure
+tank and valve assembly.
+
+_b. Removal._ Care must be taken to prevent damage to connections
+during removal and installation. The procedure for removal of pressure
+tank and valve assembly is as follows:
+
+(1) Close pressure-tank valve. Press valve lever and safety grip on gun
+to release all pressure from fuel system and gun.
+
+(2) Unscrew wing nut from valve flexible shaft. (See fig. 35.4.) Be
+careful not to misplace wing nut.
+
+(3) Pull clamp and shaft from stud which is welded on fuel tank.
+
+(4) With one hand under pressure tank, unclamp but do not fully open
+pressure-tank clamp.
+
+(5) Supporting pressure tank valve with top of right hand, push knurled
+socket in and away from pressure tank valve. Left hand may be placed
+at back of regulator tube so that tube does not bend away from socket.
+(See fig. 35.5.) Pull out pressure tank and valve assembly.
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.2. (Added.) Pressure system disassembled,
+showing removable pressure tank and valve assembly, nomenclature, and
+Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers.]
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.3. (Added.) Detachable pressure tank and valve
+assembly, connected to modified regulator tube assembly.]
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.4. (Added.) Removing wing nut to free valve
+flexible shaft.]
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.5. (Added.) Pushing knurled socket away from
+pressure tank, permitting pressure tank and valve assembly to be
+removed from tank group.]
+
+(6) Put cap as far as it will go over opening of the plug. (See fig.
+35.6.) This prevents dust and other foreign matter from entering empty
+pressure tank.
+
+(7) Flame thrower is now ready to receive a charged pressure tank and
+valve assembly. (See fig. 35.7.)
+
+_c. Installation._ To install a charged or replacement detachable
+pressure tank and valve assembly, proceed as follows:
+
+(1) Remove dust cap from plug of charged pressure tank and valve
+assembly. (Never open pressure-tank valve with cap on plug.)
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.6. (Added.) Pressure tank and valve assembly
+with dust cap over plug opening.]
+
+(2) Support socket and tube with left hand and insert plug in socket
+with right hand. If tube is not supported, it is difficult to lock the
+plug in the socket and it is possible that tube may become bent. Press
+bottom of tank until plug snaps into socket. Test by attempting to pull
+tank and plug from socket. Plug must not pull out; if it does, insert
+again and press bottom of tank. Grasp knurled collar of socket and test
+for end play. If collar slides freely back and forth on socket, the
+connection is not tight and plug should be pressed in farther.
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.7. (Added.) Tank group, ready to receive a
+charged pressure tank and valve assembly.]
+
+(3) Replace small clamp (valve-stem clamp) over stud projecting from
+fuel tank, and screw wing nut on stud to secure valve flexible shaft in
+place. Do not use wrench on wing nut.
+
+_d. Maintenance._ Follow maintenance instructions given in paragraph
+66. In addition, if leaks occur and signs of wear are visible, carry
+out the following procedures:
+
+(1) _Worn washer._ Replace synthetic rubber washer by disassembling
+socket (fig. 35.8), prying out washer, placing new washer in position,
+and reassembling socket.
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.8. (Added.) Cutaway view of socket
+and plug. Disassembly is permitted only as directed in paragraph 66.1.]
+
+(2) _Damaged plug._ Repair damaged or nicked end of plug by filing plug
+end square and smooth. File off as little as possible. Test for leakage
+at socket by installing pressure tank and valve assembly, as in c
+above, and then opening pressure-tank valve. If leak persists at joint
+between socket and plug, replace plug by unscrewing old plug, screwing
+new plug in position, and tightening with wrench. Replace entire plug.
+Do not attempt to unscrew the cylindrical portion from the square
+portion.
+
+
+=67. PRESSURE REGULATOR.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_e. Maintenance_ (Added).
+
+(1) _Spring type (Hoke) pressure regulator._ Except for adjustment to
+increase or decrease pressure, do not attempt to maintain or repair the
+spring type (Hoke) pressure regulator. If damaged or defective, it must
+be replaced by a dome type (Grove) pressure regulator.
+
+(2) _Dome type (Grove) pressure regulator (B81-1-778)._ Replacement
+parts for maintaining the dome type (Grove) regulator are available for
+use by chemical maintenance companies, as shown in Army Service Forces
+Catalog CW 9-440114, List of All Service Parts and Higher Echelon Spare
+Parts for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2 (25 November 1944).
+
+
+=74. VALVE GRIP.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_c. Installing valve grip._
+
+(1) Place grip safety * * * right valve grip. (Fig. 48.) =Do not
+accidentally place the lower forward extension of the grip safety
+over the lower rear extension of the valve lever. If this overlapping
+occurs, the small projection at the bottom of the grip safety may be
+broken off.= Be sure the * * * of grip safety.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=77. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_c. Class of supply_ (Added). The portable flame thrower is a class IV
+supply item.
+
+
+=78. REFERENCES.=
+
+Reference pertaining to * * * flame throwers include:
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  TM 9-850 Cleaning, Preserving, Lubricating * * * the Ordnance
+  Department
+
+  =TM 3-377, Compressor, Air, Gasoline Engine-driven, 7CFM, M1 (For
+  Charging Flame Throwers and Cylinders)=
+
+  =TB CW 18, Kit, Fuel Filling, Flame Thrower, E6 (for filling
+  mechanized and portable flame throwers)[A]=
+
+  =TB CW 20, Cleaning Interiors of Compressed Gas Cylinders, Tanks, and
+  Accessories[A]=
+
+  =TB ENG 39, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases[A]=
+
+  =ASF Catalog CW 7-440114, Organizational Spare Parts and Equipment:
+  1st and 2d Echelons: for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2 (25 November
+  1944)=
+
+  =ASF Catalog CW 9-440114, List of all Service Parts and Higher
+  Echelon Spare Parts for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2=
+
+  =ASF Catalog CW 6-445115, Sets of Tools, Equipment, and Similar
+  Material: Kit, Service, for Portable Flame Thrower, M2-2=
+
+  =ASF Catalog CW 9-445115, List of all Parts and Higher Echelon Spare
+  Parts for Kit, Service, for Portable Flame Thrower, M2-2=
+
+  =FS 3-33, Portable Flame Thrower M2-2, Part 1, Nomenclature and
+  Operation.=
+
+
+  Footnote:
+
+  [A] Technical Bulletins are to be superseded by appropriate War
+  Department manuals or changes to manuals.
+
+[AG 300.7 (11 Apr 45)]
+
+BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR:
+
+OFFICIAL:
+
+  G. C. MARSHALL
+  _Chief of Staff_
+
+  J. A. ULIO
+  _Major General_
+  _The Adjutant General_
+
+
+DISTRIBUTION:
+
+  AAF (Cml O) (10); AGF (Cml O) (10); ASF (2); T of Opn (Cml O) (10);
+  Arm & Sv Bds (1); Def Comd (2); S Div ASF (1); Tech Sv (2) except
+  CWS (45); SvC (Cml O) (4); PE (Attn: Cml O) (2); Sub-PE (Cml O) (2);
+  PG (2); Ars 3 (2); ASF Dep (CW Sec) (2); ASF Dep (2); Dep 3 (2); Pro
+  Dist 3 (2); Tech Sv C (2); USMA (20); Tng C (2); A (2); CHQ (5); B
+  (1); R (5); Bn 2 (2), 3 (5), 7, 17 (2); C 2 (2), 3 (5), 7, 17 (2);
+  AF (2); W (Cml O) (1); Five (5) copies to each of the following: T/O
+  & E 5-15; 5-16; 5-17; 5-35; 5-36; 5-37; 5-171; 5-175; 5-176; 5-192;
+  5-215; 5-216; 5-217; 5-235; 5-236; 5-238; 5-475T; 5-476T; 5-477T.
+
+Refer to FM 21-6 for explanation of distribution formula.
+
+
+
+
+TABLE OF CONTENTS
+
+
+PART ONE
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+                                                   _Paragraph_  _Page_
+
+  SECTION I. GENERAL
+    Scope                                               1         1
+    Records                                             2         1
+
+
+  SECTION II. DESCRIPTION AND DATA
+    Uses of flame throwers                              3         1
+    Characteristics and employment                      4         4
+    Description and functioning                         5         6
+    Identification information                          6         9
+    Differences in models                               7         9
+    Interchanging parts with M1 or M1A1 flame thrower   8         9
+    Data                                                9         9
+
+
+  SECTION III. TOOLS, PARTS, AND ACCESSORIES
+    Items with each flame thrower                      10        11
+
+
+PART TWO
+
+OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
+
+
+  SECTION IV. GENERAL
+    Scope                                              11        14
+
+
+  SECTION V. SERVICE UPON RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT
+    New equipment                                      12        14
+    Used equipment                                     13        15
+
+
+  SECTION VI. CONTROLS
+    Controls                                           14        15
+
+
+  SECTION VII. OPERATION UNDER USUAL CONDITIONS
+    Training                                           15        16
+    Charging, filling, and servicing                   16        16
+    Connecting tank group and gun group                17        16
+    Loading with ignition cylinder                     18        17
+    Carrying the tank group                            19        21
+    Carrying the gun                                   20        21
+    Opening pressure-tank valve                        21        22
+    Ranges                                             22        22
+    Wind deflection                                    23        22
+    Firing positions                                   24        23
+    Aiming                                             25        23
+    Firing                                             26        23
+    Ceasing or interrupting fire                       27        26
+    Additional bursts                                  28        26
+    Soaking the target                                 29        26
+    After firing                                       30        26
+
+
+  SECTION VIII. AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
+    Ignition cylinder                                  31        27
+    Charging pressure tank                             32        28
+    Precautions when pressure-charging                 33        32
+    Characteristics of fuels                           34        33
+    Preparation of thickened fuels                     35        34
+    Preparation of liquid fuels                        36        38
+    Filling by pouring                                 37        39
+    Filling by force pump                              38        40
+    Filling by blowing                                 39        40
+    Precautions with fuels                             40        43
+
+
+  SECTION IX. OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS
+    Wet conditions                                     41        44
+    Dust and mud                                       42        44
+    Heat                                               43        44
+    Cold                                               44        45
+    Wind                                               45        45
+
+
+  SECTION X. DEMOLITION TO PREVENT ENEMY USE
+    Destruction procedure                              46        45
+
+
+PART THREE
+
+MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
+
+
+  SECTION XI. GENERAL
+    Scope                                              47        46
+
+
+  SECTION XII. SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL TOOLS
+    AND EQUIPMENT
+    Service kit                                        48        46
+
+
+  SECTION XIII. LUBRICATION
+    Lubrication                                        49        49
+
+
+  SECTION XIV. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SERVICES
+    General                                            50        49
+    Before-operation service of tank group             51        50
+    Before-operation service of gun group              52        50
+    Service when filling and charging                  53        52
+    Service when firing                                54        53
+    Service after firing                               55        53
+    Service after six firing missions                  56        54
+
+
+  SECTION XV. TROUBLE SHOOTING
+    Precautions                                        57        55
+    Fuel leaks                                         58        55
+    Safety head “blows” (breaks)                       59        56
+    Carrier uncomfortable                              60        56
+    Short range                                        61        56
+    Fuel-valve failure                                 62        57
+    Failure of ignition cylinder to ignite             63        57
+    Failure of fuel to ignite                          64        58
+
+
+  SECTION XVI. TANK GROUP
+    General                                            65        58
+    Pressure tank and valve assembly                   66        59
+    Pressure regulator                                 67        63
+    Fuel-tank assembly                                 68        65
+    Filling and safety-head plug assemblies            69        67
+    Tank coupling                                      70        69
+    Carrier                                            71        71
+
+
+  SECTION XVII. GUN GROUP
+    General                                            72        74
+    Fuel-hose assembly                                 73        74
+    Valve grip                                         74        75
+    Barrel and valve-body assembly                     75        77
+    Ignition head                                      76        82
+
+
+APPENDIX
+
+
+  SECTION XVIII. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE
+    Shipment and storage                               77        86
+
+
+  SECTION XIX. LIST OF REFERENCES
+    References                                         78        87
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+[Illustration: Fig 1. Portable flame thrower M2-2.]
+
+
+
+
+PART ONE
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+
+
+Section I GENERAL
+
+
+1. SCOPE.
+
+_a. Arrangement._ This manual is published to guide and inform
+personnel using and maintaining flame thrower, portable, M2-2. Part One
+contains general information; Part Two is a guide to operation; Part
+Three gives maintenance procedures. The Appendix discusses shipment and
+storage procedures, and applicable publications.
+
+_b. References._ References are listed in the Appendix. The
+list includes field manuals, technical manuals, and Army Regulations.
+
+
+2. RECORDS.
+
+Although no standard maintenance forms and records are furnished,
+an improvised list should be kept of the number of times each flame
+thrower has been fired. The list indicates when it is necessary to
+provide the after-six-missions preventive maintenance and lubrication.
+It should be tacked or glued to the inside surface of the packing-chest
+lid and each flame thrower should always be returned to its own chest.
+
+
+
+
+Section II DESCRIPTION AND DATA
+
+
+3. USES OF FLAME THROWERS.
+
+Flame throwers can:
+
+_a. Penetrate openings_, such as embrasures
+and gun ports, and fill the fortifications with flame and
+smoke.
+
+_b. Burn, asphyxiate, and blind enemy personnel_, causing casualties,
+shock, panic, and abandonment of a fortified position.
+
+_c. Ignite combustible parts of shelters and materiel_ and start
+detonation of sensitive ammunition and explosives.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 2. Firing with liquid fuel.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 3. Firing with thickened fuel. Thickened fuel
+has longer range than liquid fuel and burns on target for several
+minutes.]
+
+_d._ “_Shoot around corners_,” when fuel is fired from dead or
+blind angles. This is made possible by the billowing and swirling
+movements of flaming gases. Blazing thickened fuels also
+ricochet from wall to wall in fortifications.
+
+_e. Cause the enemy to close ports_, temporarily putting the emplacement
+out of action and thus protecting the demolition party.
+
+_f. Mop up_ dug-in personnel.
+
+_g. Eliminate enemy nests_ in street or jungle fighting.
+
+
+4. CHARACTERISTICS AND EMPLOYMENT.
+
+_a. Action._ Fuel is propelled into the target by a charge of
+highly compressed air or nitrogen. As fuel leaves the gun of the
+M2-2 portable flame thrower (Fig 1), it is ignited by contact with
+flame from charges of incendiary mix held in an expendable ignition
+cylinder.
+
+_b. Bursts._ A continuous stream or separate bursts may be
+fired for approximately 8 to 9 seconds, not including time between
+the bursts. The five incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder
+are controlled by the trigger and can ignite several bursts.
+
+_c. Range._ Portable flame throwers are fired at extremely
+close or point-blank range for best results. (Par 22) Effective
+range for liquid fuels (Fig 2) is as far as 20 yards, and for thickened
+fuels (Fig 3), 40 yards, but underbrush and adverse winds
+can reduce the distances.
+
+_d. Weight._ To keep the weight as light as possible and still
+provide strength to withstand very high pressures, most parts
+are made of aluminum or sheet steel.
+
+_e. Tactics._ Two or more flame throwers are generally used
+on a mission with other weapons of the assault squad. (See FM
+31-50, “Attack on a Fortified Position and Combat in Towns.”)
+
+_f. Firers and assistants._ One man carries and fires each
+flame thrower. Well-armed assistants accompany firers to give
+close protection and to serve as emergency replacements.
+Whereas the M1A1 portable flame thrower may require the help
+of an assistant to open the pressure-tank valve, the M2-2 flame
+thrower pressure-tank valve is located within reach of the firer
+and is operated by him without assistance. Firers and assistants
+should be thoroughly trained in operation of the weapon.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 4. Tank group.]
+
+_g. Charging and filling._ In order to replace pressure tanks
+(cylinders) of earlier types of flame throwers, it is necessary to
+unscrew and screw threaded connections. Experience has shown that this
+frequently resulted in damage to threads, leakage, loss of pressure,
+and loss of range. It is also necessary to use tools to replace
+each pressure tank (cylinder). The design of the M2-2 flame thrower
+eliminates these difficulties. The tank group (Fig 4) may be charged
+and filled as a unit with or without gun and hose. The quick-connecting
+tank coupling permits rapid interchanging of empty and full tank groups
+by the firers or assistants. This is done without tools, takes very
+little time, and cannot cause leakage, loss of pressure, and loss of
+range due to damaged threads.
+
+
+5. DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONING.
+
+The flame thrower consists of two major groups: tank group and
+gun group. Detailed descriptions of assemblies and parts are
+included in Paragraphs 66 through 76.
+
+_a. Tank group._ (Figs 4 and 5) Carried upon the firer’s back,
+the tank group holds fuel and pressure. The tank group may be
+identified as tank, fuel, portable flame thrower, M2, assembly
+D81-1-482. It consists principally of:
+
+(1) _Two fuel tanks_, holding a total of 4 gallons of fuel, and
+joined by a tank connector to form a single fuel reservoir.
+
+(2) _Pressure tank_, charged with highly compressed air or
+nitrogen used to propel fuel from the fuel tanks through the gun
+to the target. The tank is large in capacity to assure ample pressure
+and uniformly long range throughout the firing.
+
+(3) _Pressure-tank valve_, which releases air or nitrogen
+through the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks. The valve can
+be opened by the firer without the assistance required in the case
+of the M1A1 flame thrower.
+
+(4) _Pressure regulator_, which automatically assures delivery
+of air or nitrogen to the fuel tanks at the proper pressure. The
+regulator is located in a position where it cannot easily be damaged.
+
+(5) _Carrier_, which supports the tank group on the firer’s back
+and shoulders and secures it to his body. It includes body and
+shoulder straps and quick-releasing fasteners.
+
+_b. Gun group._ (Fig 6) Carried, aimed, and operated by the
+hands of the firer, the gun group ignites the fuel and directs the
+flame into the target. It includes:
+
+(1) _Fuel hose_, which conveys fuel from the tank group to the
+gun. The fuel hose may be requisitioned as hose, fuel, portable
+flame thrower, M1, assembly B81-1-498.
+
+(2) _Gun_, which ignites the fuel and directs it to the target.
+The gun may be identified as gun, portable flame thrower,
+M2, assembly D81-1-405. It consists of:
+
+(_a_) _Fuel valve_, which discharges fuel through the barrel.
+The valve is operated by squeezing the valve lever and the grip
+safety, which are on opposite sides of the valve grip. The valve
+also includes a barrel from which the fuel is ejected. The ignition
+head is supported on the front of the barrel.
+
+(_b_) _Ignition head_, which ignites the fuel as it passes
+from the nozzle of the barrel. With each pull of the trigger on the
+front grip, one of five charges of incendiary mix in an ignition
+cylinder is ignited. This pilot flame ignites the fuel as it is
+propelled from the gun.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 5. Tank group with carrier folded back to show
+construction.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 6. Gun group of portable flame thrower M2-2.]
+
+
+6. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION.
+
+The words “Chemical Warfare Service,” model numbers, serial
+numbers, lot numbers, weight, cubage, manufacturers’ names,
+contract number, and date of packing are indicated on the packing
+chest or the equipment. The numbers and letters shown on the
+equipment should be referred to when repairs are required. The
+tank group and the gun (without the fuel hose) may each be marked
+“M2” and the fuel hose may be marked “M1,” although all of
+these are components of the M2-2 portable flame thrower.
+
+
+7. DIFFERENCES IN MODELS.
+
+_a. M2-2 and E3 portable flame throwers._ Portable flame
+thrower M2-2 is identical in all important respects with portable
+flame thrower E3. (The E3 flame thrower, when standardized
+with some modifications, became the M2-2.) Operation and maintenance
+of the M2-2 and E3 are in general the same, and the parts
+are interchangeable.
+
+_b. M2-2, M1, and M1A1 portable flame throwers._ Portable
+flame thrower M2-2 has the same fuel capacity but differs in
+construction from portable flame throwers M1 and M1A1. Parts
+are not interchangeable except as stated in Paragraph 8.
+
+
+8. INTERCHANGING PARTS WITH M1 OR M1A1 FLAME THROWER.
+
+To use an M2-2 gun with tank group (fuel unit) of an M1 or M1A1
+portable flame thrower:
+
+_a._ Remove fuel hose from M2-2 gun.
+
+_b._ Screw a 3/4-inch by 1/2-inch pipe bushing into the side
+opening of the fuel-valve body. This bushing is furnished in the
+spare parts kit of each M2-2 portable flame thrower. (Par 10)
+
+_c._ Screw the fuel-hose assembly of the M1 or M1A1 flame
+thrower into the 1/2-inch opening of the bushing, using a wrench
+to make a tight connection.
+
+
+9. DATA.
+
+All data are approximate.
+
+_a. Range._ See Paragraph 22.
+
+_b. Duration of fire._
+
+(1) _Fuel_.
+
+(_a_) Continuous discharge of approximately 8 to 9 seconds,
+or
+
+(_b_) Several short bursts totalling approximately 8 to 9 seconds
+(not including time between bursts).
+
+(2) _Ignition cylinder._ Five charges in each cylinder, 8 to 12
+seconds per charge.
+
+_c. Weights._
+
+                                                       _Pounds_
+  Portable flame thrower M2-2, empty, in shipping
+    chest (including the chest and all contents)        110
+  Portable flame thrower M2-2, empty                     43
+  Portable flame thrower M2-2, filled with fuel       68 to 72
+  Tank group, empty                                      35
+  Tank group, filled with fuel                        60 to 64
+  Gun group                                               8
+
+_d. Dimensions._
+
+                                                     _Inches_
+  Gun, length                                            30
+  Fuel hose, length                                      37
+  Tank group, height                                     27
+  Tank group, width                                      20
+  Tank group, breadth                                    11
+  Packing chest                                  34 x 23 x 19
+    (Cube of packing chest: 8-1/2 cubic feet)
+
+_e. Capacity of weapon._
+
+  Ignition cylinder (M1 or E1)     1 (which includes 5 incendiary
+                                     charges)
+  Fuel                             4 gallons plus void for air or
+                                     nitrogen
+
+_f. Pressures._
+
+                                             _Pounds per sq. in._
+  Pressure tank                                  1,700 to 2,100
+  Fuel tanks                                          350
+
+_g. Ratio of expended supplies._ For every 100 complete fillings
+of the flame thrower, the following supplies are normally expended:
+
+  (1) Nitrogen contained in fifteen 220-cubic-foot cylinders or an
+  equivalent volume of compressed air. (Eleven cylinders are expended
+  if the four-place arrangement described in Paragraph 32 is used.)
+
+  (2) 450 gallons of fuel (400 gallons plus 50 gallons for spillage,
+  spoilage, and evaporation).
+
+  (3) 100 ignition cylinders.
+
+  (4) If thickened fuel is used, 135 pounds (in cans of 5-1/4 pounds
+  each) of U. S. Army fuel thickener.
+
+
+
+
+Section III TOOLS, PARTS, AND ACCESSORIES
+
+
+10. ITEMS WITH EACH FLAME THROWER.
+
+The items listed below or their equivalents (Fig 7) are included
+in each M2-2 flame-thrower packing chest, in addition to the flame
+thrower. Numbers listed with items are Chemical Warfare Service stock
+numbers.
+
+_a. Kit, tool, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly B81-6-50._
+
+_b. Kit, spare parts, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly
+B81-6-52._
+
+_c. Cylinder, ignition, portable flame thrower M1._ (6 cylinders, in 3
+cans containing 2 each)
+
+_d. Technical Manual 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower M2-2._”
+
+_e. Gun mounting board._ (Fig 10)
+
+_f. Plug, coupling, E81-1-514_ (for use in tank coupling when filling
+tank group with gun detached).
+
+[Illustration: Fig 7. Items packed in chest with each flame thrower:
+A—Spare parts kit; B—Packing list; C—Three cans of ignition cylinders;
+D—Tool kit; E—Coupling plug; F—TM 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower
+M2-2.”]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 8. Contents of tool kit:
+
+
+  A. 1 Screw driver, cabinet, 4-1/2-inch blade length, 3/16-inch blade
+    diameter, H22-50-13.
+  B. 1 Wrench, hex, 1/8-inch across flats for 1/4-inch socket-head set
+    screws, H22-49-12.
+  C. 1 Wrench, engineers’, double head, 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch openings,
+    9 inches approx length, H22-49-115.
+  D. 1 Screw driver, common, 6-inch blade length, 5/16-inch blade
+    diameter, H22-50-6.
+  E. 1 Wrench, valve-adjusting, assembly, A81-6-48.
+  F. 1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-1/2-inch openings, 12 inches
+    approx length, H22-49-113.
+  G. 1 Wrench, engineers’, single head, 1-1/8 inch opening, 10-1/2
+    inches approx length, H22-49-31.
+  H. 1 Wrench, adjustable, single end, 6 inches approx length (crescent
+    type), H22-49-67.
+  I. 1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-3/4-inch openings, 12 inches
+    approx length, A81-6-49.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 9. Contents of spare parts kit:
+
+  A. 1 Diaphragm, valve, assembly, A81-1-416.
+  B. 1 Case, spring, assembly, B81-1-444.
+  C. 1 Bushing, pipe, head, 3/4-inch by 1/2-inch (galvanized iron),
+    H98-5-93.
+  D. 2 Washers, coupling, A81-1-513.
+  E. 3 Heads, safety, R81-1-561.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 10. Packing chest open, with gun on mounting board.
+Tool kit, spare parts kit, and cans of ignition cylinders in boxes at
+right.]
+
+
+
+
+PART TWO
+
+OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
+
+
+
+
+Section IV GENERAL
+
+
+11. SCOPE.
+
+Part Two of this manual is for the guidance of operating personnel. It
+includes information on the controls and on operation.
+
+
+
+
+Section V SERVICE UPON RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT
+
+
+12. NEW EQUIPMENT.
+
+Upon receipt of a new flame thrower, the following procedure should be
+carried out:
+
+_a._ Cut packing-chest steel straps and seals with pliers.
+
+_b._ Remove the screws, if present, from top of chest.
+
+_c._ Open two latches at front of chest.
+
+_d._ Lift lid backward and connect chain from inside of chest to inside
+of lid.
+
+_e._ Remove moistureproof paper.
+
+_f._ Remove gun from carton. After removing waterproofing tape from
+ends of hose, connect hose and gun. (Par 17)
+
+_g._ Remove mounting board and place gun with hose on the board as
+shown in Figure 10.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 11. Screwing deflector tube in safety head on left
+fuel tank.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 12. Controls for operation of portable flame thrower
+M2-2.]
+
+_h._ Remove spare parts kit, tool kit, cans of ignition cylinders, and
+other items from packing chest.
+
+_i._ Compare contents with packing list found in or on packing chest.
+Inspect all contents carefully for completeness, correct adjustment,
+and good condition.
+
+_j._ Insert deflector tube in safety head on left fuel tank. (Fig 11)
+Outlet should face to rear and at a 45-degree angle to operator’s left
+shoulder. (Fig 18) Screw in deflector tube by hand; do not use wrench
+on deflector tube. Tighten lock nut with wrench.
+
+_k._ Before use on a mission, test-fire the weapon. (Par 56 _b_)
+
+_l._ Save the packing chest for storage of the equipment when flame
+thrower is not being carried on a firing mission or serviced.
+
+
+13. USED EQUIPMENT.
+
+When they apply, the same steps should be taken as in Paragraph 12. Any
+worn or damaged parts should be replaced. Areas where paint has worn
+off should be touched up with fresh paint.
+
+
+
+
+Section VI CONTROLS
+
+
+14. CONTROLS.
+
+The firer uses the pressure-tank valve handle, the trigger, and the
+valve lever and grip safety (Fig 12) in succession as follows:
+
+_a. Valve handle._ The pressure-tank valve is operated by turning
+a handle on the valve flexible shaft within reach of the firer.
+Counterclockwise operation of handle releases pressure to the
+fuel tanks. Clockwise turning closes the valve.
+
+_b. Trigger._ The trigger is at the front grip of the gun. Pulling
+the trigger vigorously ignites an incendiary charge in the ignition
+cylinder. This in turn ignites the fuel as it leaves the gun. The
+trigger action also causes the ignition cylinder to revolve one-fifth
+of a turn, presenting another charge for firing. Each of the
+five charges may thus be used in rapid succession, if necessary,
+by pulling the trigger vigorously as many as five times.
+
+_c. Valve lever and grip safety._ The valve lever and grip safety
+are mounted on opposite sides of the valve grip of the gun. When
+both controls are compressed, fuel is propelled from the gun. If
+either the valve lever or the grip safety is not compressed, the
+fuel valve remains closed and the fuel remains in the weapon.
+
+
+
+
+Section VII OPERATION UNDER USUAL CONDITIONS
+
+
+15. TRAINING.
+
+Effective use of the M2-2 portable flame thrower can be achieved only
+by diligent practice with the weapon. Untrained firers or assistants
+should never be sent on a mission.
+
+_a. Practice._ Firers should practice under varying conditions of
+wind, range, elevation, depression, and traverse. The shortness of the
+total firing time (approximately 8 to 9 seconds) demands split-second
+judgment and coordination.
+
+_b. Use of water in training._ Water may be used (instead of fuel) for
+elementary practice firing. Ignition cylinders are not used with water.
+The water under pressure may cause serious injuries to personnel at 10
+yards. After practice with water, the gun should be disassembled (Pars
+73 through 76), cleaned and dried piece by piece, and lubricated. (Par
+49)
+
+_c. Use of fuel in training._ When using fuel in training, select or
+prepare a practice field of fire which provides at least 125 yards for
+range and 30 yards for spread. If the field contains dry grass, brush,
+or other flammable material, a fire-fighting squad should be available
+with equipment and source of water. Assistants and observers should
+stay well behind the firer because of danger from wind shifts. See
+Paragraph 40 for additional precautions.
+
+
+16. CHARGING, FILLING, AND SERVICING.
+
+Before use on missions or for training, flame throwers must be charged,
+filled, and serviced. Charging with compressed air or compressed
+nitrogen is described in Paragraphs 32 and 33; filling with fuel in
+Paragraphs 34 through 40; and servicing in Paragraphs 50 through 56.
+Test for pressure. (Par 53 _d_)
+
+
+17. CONNECTING TANK GROUP AND GUN GROUP.
+
+If a charged and filled tank group has been brought up to replace an
+emptied one:
+
+_a._ Place the new tank group on the ground with the tank coupling on
+top. If the filling is thickened fuel, allow the tank group to rest in
+this position for from 1 to 2 minutes.
+
+_b._ Remove coupling plug from new tank group and disconnect gun group
+from emptied tank group. Place unthreaded end of fuel hose in tank
+coupling and lock in place. (Par 70)
+
+_c._ Lock the coupling plug in the emptied tank group.
+
+
+18. LOADING WITH IGNITION CYLINDER.
+
+_a. General._ Just before the start of a mission, load an unused
+ignition cylinder into the ignition head. (M1 and E1 ignition cylinders
+are identical and may be used interchangeably.) Cylinders are packed
+two to a can. Do not open cans until ready to load for a mission. The
+second cylinder in the can should be used in another flame thrower on
+the same mission or as soon as possible after opening the can. Partly
+used cylinders may be employed in training.
+
+_b. Precautions._ Care must be taken, whenever cylinders are handled,
+to avoid any blows or pressure against the metal match ends. (Fig 13)
+Face, hands, and other parts of the body should never be exposed to
+front of cylinder or front of gun.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 13. Ignition cylinder before use.]
+
+_c. Procedure._ Loading procedure is as follows:
+
+(1) Unscrew and remove ignition shield. (Fig 14)
+
+(2) Place ignition cylinder on end of barrel (Fig 15), being careful
+not to grasp cylinder by its ends.
+
+(3) Raise nozzle end of gun so cylinder slides down against the spring
+case of the ignition head. (Fig 16) If necessary, rotate cylinder so it
+slips down all the way. Do not force cylinder into place as forcing may
+prematurely ignite it.
+
+(4) Rotate spring case and ignition cylinder clockwise as far as they
+turn freely.
+
+(5) Place ignition shield over cylinder. Engage the slot in the shield
+on the spring-case pin.
+
+(6) Turn shield, screwing it onto ignition-head body. Make sure the
+threads engage during the first turn of the shield. When the slot on
+the shield engages the latch on the ignition head (Fig 17), the gun is
+loaded.
+
+(7) If shield cannot be turned by hand tight enough to engage latch,
+unscrew shield. Then turn shield backwards until threads engage and
+repeat (6) above.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 14. Unscrewing ignition shield, with pressure on
+latch.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 15. Placing ignition cylinder on gun. Care must be
+taken to avoid striking or pushing metal matches of cylinder.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 16. Ignition cylinder in place on gun before
+replacement of ignition shield.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 17. Ignition head assembled for firing of gun.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 18. Tank group adjusted on firer.]
+
+
+19. CARRYING THE TANK GROUP.
+
+The tanks are supported on the firer’s back and secured to it by two
+shoulder straps and two pairs of body straps. (Fig 18) The straps may
+be adjusted by the buckles to fit the operator. The shoulder straps
+pass over the shoulders and under the arm pits; the lower body straps
+are clasped tightly in front of the body; and the upper body straps are
+clasped across the chest to prevent the shoulder straps from slipping
+and the tank group from rolling off the back. Adjustments to the
+various straps should be made until the unit is carried with the bottom
+of the fuel tanks at the small of the operator’s back. The tank group
+should fit snugly so that it does not shift if the operator changes
+position quickly.
+
+
+20. CARRYING THE GUN.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 19. Carrying the gun, with hands in position to
+fire.]
+
+The procedure for carrying the gun is as follows:
+
+_a._ Carry the gun with the hose at the right side. (Fig 19)
+
+_b._ Grasp the valve grip with the right hand and the front grip with
+the left hand, being careful not to operate the controls until ready to
+fire.
+
+_c._ Keep the gun pointed away from friendly personnel at all times.
+
+_d._ Do not face the front of the gun at any time. Even when no fuel
+is being ejected, the incendiary charges of the ignition cylinder can
+cause severe burns.
+
+_e._ Keep the gun dry and clean if possible. Avoid getting dirt or
+foreign matter into the weapon.
+
+_f._ Avoid rough handling.
+
+_g._ Wear gloves if available.
+
+_h._ Carry any extra ignition cylinders only in metal containers.
+
+
+21. OPENING PRESSURE-TANK VALVE.
+
+The release of pressure into the fuel tank causes a hissing sound.
+Therefore, open the pressure-tank valve while still out of hearing
+range of the enemy. Do not, however, open it prematurely because of
+the possibility of pressure leaks. To prevent frothing of the fuel,
+keep the tank group in as nearly an upright position as possible when
+opening pressure-tank valve. Be sure to turn the valve handle all the
+way in a counterclockwise direction. Stiffening of the fuel hose occurs
+when the pressure-tank valve is opened.
+
+
+22. RANGES.
+
+Firers and assistants should learn to judge ranges by frequent practice
+under varying conditions. The firers should be trained to approach
+as close as practicable to the target and to fire if possible at
+point-blank range for the greatest results.
+
+_a. Point-blank range._
+
+(1) _Effects._ At very close (point-blank) range almost all of the
+burning fuel can be fired at great velocity directly through ports and
+openings into the target. Maximum casualties and damage are caused in
+the hostile position.
+
+(2) _Protection._ Common sense precautions are taken to prevent
+casualties to friendly personnel from possible ricochet or rebounding
+of flame. If the target includes a vertical wall at a right angle
+to the firer or other friendly personnel, the weapon should not be
+fired at closer than 7 to 10 yards. When the weapon is fired at small
+openings in a bunker or pillbox, the firer and other members of the
+assault squad should not approach closer than 7 to 10 yards from the
+target.
+
+_b. Other effective ranges._
+
+(1) _Open fields of fire._ When thickened gasoline is used, portable
+flame throwers may fire with considerable effect as far as 40 yards
+under normal conditions, depending on wind direction and wind speed.
+Under the same conditions, liquid fuel maybe effective at 20 yards.
+Results and accuracy are not as great as at point-blank range.
+
+(2) _Jungle or thick underbrush._ If the target is located in jungle or
+thick underbrush without cleared fields of fire, the effective range of
+the flame thrower is reduced by as much as one half, depending on the
+nature and density of the vegetation.
+
+_c. Ineffective ranges._ Although the flame may reach considerably
+farther than the ranges stated in _b_ (1) above it may be useless
+because of the steep angle of descent and because much of the fuel is
+burned before it reaches the target.
+
+
+23. WIND DEFLECTION.
+
+Wind is an important factor because of the low velocity of the flaming
+fuel. Wind can lengthen, shorten, or deflect the flame.
+
+_a. Head winds._ Head winds of more than 5 miles per hour tend to carry
+heat or even flame back toward the firer. Liquid fuel should not be
+fired into a head wind of more than 5 miles per hour. The range and
+accuracy of thickened fuels is reduced.
+
+_b. Following winds or very light winds._ Best results are obtained
+under these conditions.
+
+_c. Cross winds._ When firing at or near maximum range, cross winds
+deflect, breakup, and disperse the flame. They also reduce the range.
+
+
+24. FIRING POSITIONS.
+
+_a. Ease of aiming._ The flame thrower can be fired from any position
+that permits sufficient freedom to aim the weapon, subject to the
+conditions in _b_, _c_, and _d_, below. This includes standing,
+kneeling, and prone. In some instances, flame throwers have been fired
+with tank groups resting on the ground or on skids. If used in this
+way, the tops of the fuel tanks must be propped up to conform to _b_,
+below.
+
+_b. Angles of the tanks._ When firing, the bottoms of the fuel tanks
+must always be substantially lower than the tops. The tops of both
+tanks must also each be the same distance above the horizontal and
+neither tank should be tilted to one side. Otherwise, only a small part
+of the fuel may be blown from the tanks.
+
+_c. Recoil._ Stability must be sufficient to withstand the recoil from
+the gun. If possible, the firer should hold the gun snugly against his
+right side to support it and to absorb its recoil.
+
+_d. Protection._ Full advantage should be taken of cover and
+concealment, such as shell craters and vegetation.
+
+
+25. AIMING.
+
+_a. Sighting._ There are no sights on the gun because of the short
+range from which it is fired, the variety of fuels used, and the marked
+effects of wind. (Par 23)
+
+_b. Fortifications._ When firing at a fortified position, flame must be
+directed _into openings_ (gun ports, firing slits, ventilation screens,
+doorways). Flame inside gives the desired effects, but flame on the
+outside has little effect on personnel within.
+
+_c. Thickened fuel._ (Figs 3 and 20) When firing at or near maximum
+range, it may take several seconds for a burst of thickened fuel to
+carry through the air to the target area. Short bursts may result in
+misses at long range for this reason. Skill in aiming is particularly
+important with thickened fuel.
+
+_d. Liquid fuel._ With liquid fuel, the greatest effect may be obtained
+by placing the flame directly on the target. (Fig 21)
+
+[Illustration: Fig 20. Thickened fuel flame hitting and clinging to
+target. Fuel burns for several minutes.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 21. Flame (liquid fuel) hitting target.]
+
+
+26. FIRING.
+
+With pressure-tank valve open:
+
+_a. Pull trigger._ Pull the trigger rapidly and vigorously. A flash
+should appear at the front of the gun. This shows that an incendiary
+charge of the ignition cylinder has been ignited. Release the trigger.
+(If the flash does not appear, pull the trigger again, or as often
+as necessary up to five times, until a flash appears.)
+
+_b. Squeeze fuel valve._ Immediately after pulling trigger, compress
+the valve lever and grip safety vigorously with the right hand. Burning
+fuel will be propelled from the gun.
+
+_c. Adjust fire._ Direct the flaming fuel at the target. Continue to
+squeeze the valve lever and grip safety throughout the burst. When
+thickened fuel is fired, follow the fuel with eyes to the side of the
+stream in order to observe and correct aim. (If eyes are directly
+behind the stream, the flame may obscure the target.)
+
+
+27. CEASING OR INTERRUPTING FIRE.
+
+To cease or interrupt firing, release the controls.
+
+
+28. ADDITIONAL BURSTS.
+
+To fire additional bursts, repeat procedure followed in Paragraphs
+26 and 27, keeping in mind that there are five incendiary charges in
+the ignition cylinder and that the total firing time, not including
+time between bursts, is approximately 8 to 9 seconds. Each of the five
+incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder burns for from 8 to 12
+seconds.
+
+
+29. SOAKING THE TARGET.
+
+When liquid fuel is used, it may be desirable to soak the target with
+fuel first and ignite it afterward. To do this, fire one or two short
+bursts without pulling the trigger. Then follow with an ignited burst,
+as in Paragraph 26.
+
+
+30. AFTER FIRING.
+
+When the firer has returned from his mission, he should:
+
+_a._ Remove and discard the ignition cylinder, as follows:
+
+(1) Point gun at the ground.
+
+(2) Press latch. (Fig 14)
+
+(3) Unscrew the ignition shield and allow ignition cylinder to fall
+out. (Be careful to keep the hands away from the front of the cylinder.)
+
+(4) Save the partly used cylinder for training use or destroy it by
+firing from gun after fuel tanks have been emptied. For information on
+care, handling, and storage of cylinders, see Paragraph 31.
+
+_b._ Close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle clockwise
+(to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank).
+
+_c._ Point the gun away from personnel and blow out the remaining
+fuel, if any, from the fuel tanks by squeezing the valve
+lever and grip safety until there is no further discharge. The
+trigger should not be used during this operation.
+
+_d._ Take off tank group from the back.
+
+_e._ Inspect, clean, and maintain the flame thrower (Pars 55 and 56)
+or, if experienced maintenance personnel is close at hand, turn the
+weapon over to them for servicing.
+
+_f._ After servicing, place the weapon in the packing chest (Par 77)
+for protected storage, or prepare it for the next mission. (Pars 50
+through 53)
+
+
+
+
+Section VIII AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
+
+
+31. IGNITION CYLINDER.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Figs 13 and 22) Either the M1 or
+E1 ignition cylinder may be used. It fits over the fore part of the
+barrel assembly and is revolved by the spring case. (Par 76) The five
+incendiary charges in the cylinder are spaced sufficiently far apart
+in the plastic body to prevent their igniting one another. Lead-foil
+seals, plastic closure plates, and waterproof cement make the unit
+comparatively waterproof.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 22. Cutaway view of ignition cylinder (M1 or E1).]
+
+_b. Action._ When the trigger rod is pushed forward, one of five metal
+matches tipped with red phosphorus scratches an igniting mixture. The
+ignition carries to a starter mix and to a few grains of black powder
+on top of the incendiary charge. The black powder blows the foil seal
+and closure plate clear of the flame thrower, and the incendiary
+charge ignites the fuel as it is discharged from the nozzle. The
+incendiary charge burns for from 8 to 12 seconds.
+
+_c. Packing._ Ignition cylinders are packed two per waterproof can.
+Three cans are furnished with each flame thrower. Fifty cans (100
+ignition cylinders) are contained in each packing box of extra
+cylinders.
+
+_d. Care, handling, and storage._ Ignition cylinders contain hazardous
+incendiary material and must be handled with due care. The following
+precautions should be observed.
+
+(1) _Opening cans._ Do not open cans containing cylinders until ready
+to load for a mission. (Par 18) If an extra cylinder remains in an
+opened can, use it as soon as possible. Any defective cylinders, such
+as those with damaged closure plates, should be destroyed. (Pars 30 and
+46) Moisture may affect the cylinders and all possible care should be
+taken to avoid exposing them to dampness.
+
+(2) _Handling cylinders._ Pressure on any of the five metal matches
+(Fig 13) may ignite an incendiary charge in the cylinder. Care must
+be exercised to avoid putting pressure on the projecting ends of the
+matches except when firing the weapon. Ignition cylinders and cylinder
+containers should be protected against shock. Boxes and cans containing
+cylinders must not be thrown or dropped.
+
+(3) _Storing containers._ Containers of ignition cylinders are best
+stored in a dry, well-ventilated place, out of the direct rays of the
+sun, well protected against excessive temperatures. Smoking is not
+permitted and matches are not used where ignition cylinders are stored.
+
+
+32. CHARGING PRESSURE TANK.
+
+_a. General._ The pressure tank of the flame thrower must be fully
+charged with compressed air or compressed nitrogen before the start of
+a mission. For the M2-2 flame thrower, a pressure of at least 1,700
+pounds per square inch is required. This may be provided either by the
+use of an air compressor capable of producing a pressure of at least
+1,700 pounds per square inch, or by the use of commercial cylinders.
+The filling and charging lines from the service kit are used in
+conjunction with the cylinders. Before and after charging, follow the
+procedures described in Paragraphs 51 and 55.
+
+_b. Charging from air compressor._ Compressor, air, gasoline engine
+driven, 7CFM, M1, is a self-contained, skid-mounted machine designed
+for use with flame throwers. It is capable of charging pressure tanks
+of flame throwers and large 200- or 220-cubic-foot commercial cylinders
+as well. Instructions for use of the compressor will be found in the
+manual accompanying it.
+
+_c. Charging from cylinders._ If an air compressor is not available,
+it is necessary to use cylinders containing nitrogen or air.
+
+(1) _Volume and pressure._ Cylinders come charged with 200 to 220 cubic
+feet of air or nitrogen. Since cylinders with 220 cubic feet of air or
+nitrogen have a higher initial pressure, it is recommended that they
+be procured, if obtainable. All cylinders used must have a pressure of
+at least 600 pounds per square inch. One or more of the cylinders must
+have a pressure of at least 1,800 pounds per square inch. Two or more
+cylinders, preferably at least four, should be used, if available.
+
+(2) _Charging capacity._ Fully charged cylinders, if properly used in
+rotation, have capacity for charging pressure tanks approximately as
+follows:
+
+  1 cylinder (used alone)           2 pressure tanks
+  2 cylinders (in combination)      6 pressure tanks
+  4 cylinders (in combination)     24 pressure tanks
+  5 cylinders (in combination)     36 pressure tanks
+  6 cylinders (in combination)     48 pressure tanks
+
+(3) _Apparatus._ The apparatus for charging two pressure tanks by
+the use of cylinders consists of a filling line, two charging lines,
+and two cylinders. (Fig 23) The filling line and charging lines are
+obtained from the service kit. (Par 48) Plugs are provided to close off
+either half of the filling line when only one flame-thrower tank group
+is to be charged.
+
+(4) _Warning._ Oxygen is sometimes shipped in cylinders having the same
+threads as nitrogen cylinders. If oxygen not mixed with nitrogen, as in
+air, is introduced into the fuel tanks of the portable flame thrower,
+a violent explosion may result. Therefore, the greatest care must be
+exercised to see that only air or nitrogen is used. _Before a cylinder
+is connected, it should be tested to determine that it does not
+contain straight oxygen or some combustible gas._ This may be done by
+introducing a burning splint into a jet of the contents. Oxygen causes
+the splint to burn quickly, whereas nitrogen extinguishes the flame. To
+make the test:
+
+(_a_) Fasten a thin splint of wood to a wire at least a foot long.
+
+(_b_) Ignite the splint.
+
+(_c_) Stand aside and hold it before the cylinder outlet.
+
+(_d_) Crack the valve slightly to permit a small stream of gas to
+emerge.
+
+(_e_) If the flame flares up, the gas is oxygen and _MUST NOT_ be used.
+
+(_f_) If the gas itself catches fire, it may be hydrogen, acetylene, or
+some other combustible gas, which also must not be used.
+
+(5) _Attaching lines to cylinders._ (Fig 23) The procedure for charging
+two flame thrower pressure tanks from two cylinders of nitrogen or
+compressed air begins as follows:
+
+(_a_) Remove the valve-protection caps from the cylinders.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 23. Charging two pressure tanks, using charging and
+filling lines, and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen.]
+
+(_b_) Place the cylinders side by side with both outlets facing in the
+same direction. (If the ground is not level enough for the cylinders to
+stand up side by side, lay them horizontally with both outlets face up.)
+
+(_c_) Before attaching the filling line to the cylinders, blow out
+dust. (Par 33) Then connect, using wrenches to make the joints pressure
+tight. Do not kink or bend the flexible hose. Cylinders must be close
+enough together to prevent strain on the flexible hose.
+
+(_d_) Attach a charging line to each of the two couplings on the
+filling line.
+
+(6) _Attaching charging lines to pressure tanks._
+
+(_a_) Close pressure-tank valves.
+
+(_b_) Unscrew caps from check valves.
+
+(_c_) Screw the charging-line fittings onto the check valves.
+
+(_d_) Close bleeders.
+
+(7) _Charging._ The operation of charging two pressure tanks from two
+cylinders is as follows:
+
+(_a_) Close both filling-line valves.
+
+(_b_) Open cylinder valves.
+
+(_c_) Determine which cylinder has the lower pressure by the gages.
+Open the filling-line valve at the gage showing the lower pressure and
+fill the pressure tanks to the pressure shown by the gage. Close the
+valve. Then open the other filling-line valve and fill the pressure
+tanks until they reach pressures of at least 1,700 pounds per square
+inch as shown by the gage.
+
+(_d_) When the pressure tanks have been filled, close the filling-line
+valves. Open the bleeders on the charging lines and leave them open
+until the pressure in the charging lines is released. Then close
+bleeders. Remove the charging-line fittings from the check valves.
+Screw the threaded caps on the check valves and tighten caps with a
+wrench.
+
+(_e_) Repeat steps in (_a_) through (_d_) above for as many pairs of
+empty flame-thrower tanks as require charging.
+
+(8) _To insure proper pressure._ Care should be taken to make certain
+that the compression delivered to the flame-thrower pressure tank is a
+full 1,700 pounds per square inch.
+
+(_a_) If a filling-line valve leaks, tighten the packing nut on the
+valve with a wrench.
+
+(_b_) When the higher pressure shown on the filling-line gages is less
+than 1,700 pounds per square inch, close the filling-line valve and the
+cylinder valve on the cylinder having the lower pressure. Remove and
+replace this cylinder with a fully charged cylinder. With chalk, mark
+the pressure on the cylinder which has been withdrawn.
+
+(9) _After charging._ When charging has been completed:
+
+(_a_) Close the filling-line valves. Observe the pressure indicated on
+each gage and mark the pressure on each cylinder using crayon, chalk,
+or pencil.
+
+(_b_) Close the valves on the cylinders.
+
+(_c_) Remove the charging-line fittings from the check valves, replace
+the threaded caps on the check valves, and tighten caps with a wrench.
+
+(_d_) Remove the filling lines from the cylinders. Use two wrenches and
+take care not to twist or kink the flexible hose. Support the lines
+during the operation so that their full weight does not hang on the
+flexible hose during removal.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 24. Arrangement of cylinders and lines for charging
+four flame throwers. Flexible hose (assembly E81-3-6) from service kit
+is used to connect two filling lines.]
+
+(10) _Use of four-place lines._ (Fig 24) The filling and charging lines
+found in two or more service kits may be combined for more efficient
+charging of large numbers of pressure tanks. An additional flexible
+hose is provided in each service kit for connecting two filling lines.
+The procedure for charging is similar to that described above for
+the two-place line. Air or nitrogen is taken first from the cylinder
+with the lowest pressure and last from the cylinder with the highest
+pressure. See _a_ (2) above.
+
+
+33. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PRESSURE-CHARGING.
+
+Personnel will familiarize themselves with the following precautions:
+
+_a. Handling._ Handle all cylinders and flame throwers carefully;
+never drop them and never subject them to shocks or blows. Keep
+valve-protection caps secured when cylinders are being handled, except
+when such handling is incident to the use of the nitrogen or air.
+
+_b. Storage._ Keep all cylinders and charged flame throwers or tank
+groups (Par 77) in open or closed storage. They must, however, be
+protected from dampness and excessive rise in temperature caused by the
+direct rays of the sun or other source of heat. Avoid storing them near
+highly flammable substances, or in places where they may be struck by
+moving objects. Segregate empty cylinders to avoid confusion.
+
+_c. Personnel._ Do not attempt to use compressed gases unless trained
+in this work. Use gases only for the purposes for which they are
+intended.
+
+_d. Cylinder valves._ Do not tamper with safety devices in cylinder
+valves. If available, use the proper replacement parts for safety
+devices which are in need of repair. If such parts are not available,
+do not attempt to use makeshifts or nonstandard parts.
+
+_e. Opening of valves._ Open valves slowly and fully each time nitrogen
+or compressed air is transferred from a cylinder. When a wrench is
+used, be sure it is one that fits properly, and that it is kept ready
+for instant use while the compressed gas is being released.
+
+_f. Threads._ See that threads match before making connections. Some
+valves are provided with special threads which must be matched by the
+threads in the equipment being connected.
+
+_g. Correct equipment._ Use gages, regulators, hose, pipe, and tubing
+of the type manufactured or specified for the particular apparatus or
+compressed gas.
+
+_h. Repair._ Never attempt to alter or repair a cylinder.
+
+_i. Flames and sparks._ Do not permit flames, sparks, or ignition from
+the flame thrower or other source to touch hose.
+
+_j. Blowing out dust._ Immediately before coupling an attachment to the
+pressure tank or cylinder valve, open it for an instant to blow out any
+dust or dirt. Never stand where gas or dirt may be blown into the eyes
+or face. If the valve is difficult to open, apply more force gradually.
+
+_k. Special devices._ Do not attempt to use any special connections or
+equipment without the approval of a qualified expert.
+
+_l. Keeping valves closed._ Keep the valve of each cylinder closed when
+its contents are not actually being released from or admitted to the
+cylinder. This applies alike to all cylinders, whether they contain a
+compressed gas or are empty.
+
+
+34. CHARACTERISTICS OF FUELS.
+
+Thickened fuels give up to twice the range of liquid fuels. The stream
+of thickened fuel is comparatively narrow. Most of the glue-like fuel
+clings to and burns in or on the target for as long as 6 minutes.
+Liquid fuels, on the other hand, are largely consumed in flight to the
+target. If the location of small openings in the target is known, the
+stream of thickened fuel can be spotted by accurate aiming so that
+most of the fuel enters directly into the openings. While it does not
+billow around corners as does liquid fuel, thickened fuel strikes the
+target with force enough to ricochet inside. It clings to skin and
+clothing while burning. It also has excellent incendiary effects. The
+initial flame and smoke are less from thickened fuel than from liquid
+fuel, but the lower visibility, greater range, and much longer burning
+period of thickened fuel compensate for its smaller screening effect.
+Liquid fuels are easier to pour when filling than are thickened fuels.
+
+
+35. PREPARATION OF THICKENED FUELS.
+
+_a. Ingredients._ Thickened fuels consist of U.S. Army fuel thickener
+mixed with fuel.
+
+(1) _Thickener._ U.S. Army thickener is supplied in airtight cans, each
+containing 5-1/4 pounds of the material.
+
+(2) _Gasoline and fuel oil._ Gasoline alone is often used with
+thickener, but mixtures of gasoline and light fuel oil may be used
+satisfactorily. The light fuel oil can be either No. 1 fuel oil, No.
+2 fuel oil, automotive diesel oil, or kerosene. These mixtures give
+more heat and do not form crusts. Except in hot climates, 75 percent
+or more of the mixture by weight or volume should be gasoline. (If too
+much light fuel oil is included, the fuel tends to separate into two
+layers.) In tropical theaters, a thickened blend of 50 percent gasoline
+and 50 percent light fuel oil has been reported to give favorable
+results. Storage qualities are not known, however. Another mixture
+which has been well recommended in field reports is 15 gallons of
+gasoline to 5 gallons of diesel fuel oil. Issue gasoline may be used,
+but locally procured gasolines which contain alcohol are not suitable.
+
+_b. Proportion of thickener to fuel._ Less thickener is recommended
+than formerly. A low ratio of thickener gives a thickened fuel with
+many of the characteristics of liquid fuel. One can of thickener to 20
+U.S. gallons of gasoline, or gasoline and light fuel-oil mixture, gives
+good results. This is a 4.2 percent by weight mixture. Except in hot
+weather, a fuel mixture of less than 3 percent thickener requires such
+long stirring that its preparation is impractical.
+
+_c. Equipment._ An open-head 55-gallon or 42-gallon drum and an
+improvised wooden mixing paddle are used. Five-gallon cans may
+be employed to transfer the ingredients. The paddle should be
+approximately 5 feet long, 2 inches wide, and 1 inch thick. If a
+standard 55-gallon, open-head drum with an internal diameter of 27-7/16
+inches is used, the improvised paddle should be marked to indicate
+gallons as follows:
+
+  _Gallons_       _Inches_
+      40           23-1/2
+      20           11-3/4
+
+Do not use a metal paddle because of the danger of striking a spark
+from the drum. Never use galvanized containers for mixing and storing
+thickened fuels. These may cause the fuel to break down and become
+excessively thin. An improvised funnel may be helpful in filling drums
+with prepared fuel for aging or transporting.
+
+_d. Temperatures._
+
+(1) _Below 50 degrees._ If the temperature is below 50 degrees
+Fahrenheit, it is helpful to prepare thickened fuel indoors, in a
+heated room. All precautions should be particularly observed. (Par 40)
+
+(2) _Above 90 degrees._ When the fuel is hotter than 90 degrees
+Fahrenheit, the thickener reacts very rapidly. In this case, it is
+easier to prepare batches of 20 gallons each, but any number of batches
+may be prepared in succession.
+
+_e. Moisture._
+
+(1) _Effect of moisture._ Water in thickened fuel breaks down or
+reduces the viscosity of the gel and thereby reduces the range of the
+flame thrower. This effect may not be noticeable at once, but the
+stability of the fuel is affected.
+
+(2) _Dryness of thickener._ Dry thickener is extremely hygroscopic,
+that is, it absorbs moisture from the atmosphere very rapidly. For this
+reason, thickener is shipped in hermetically sealed tin cans containing
+the exact quantity of powder required for mixing with 20 gallons
+of fuel to prepare a 4.2 percent mixture. It is important that the
+gasoline or fuel oil and gasoline be measured out before the thickener
+container is opened. The powder then should be poured immediately into
+the liquid.
+
+(3) _Dryness of containers._ It is important that all containers used
+in mixing and handling the fuel be dry.
+
+(4) _Keeping water out of gasoline._ Gasoline, especially when it has
+been stored in vented containers, frequently includes free water.
+Therefore, when using gasoline from a bulk-storage tank or an open
+drum, first place it in a clean, dry drum; allow it to stand quietly
+for at least an hour; then carefully pour off the gasoline from the top
+and discard the last gallon or two.
+
+_f. Pouring and stirring._ (Fig 25) The liquid fuel is poured into the
+open drum; a pail or a paddle (Par 35 _c_) is used for measuring. One
+man then stirs the fuel vigorously. Another takes a can of thickener,
+splits it with a machete, bayonet, or ax, and pours it immediately
+into the fuel. Any large lumps of powder are broken by hand before the
+powder is added to the fuel. When mixing 40 gallons at a time, the
+two cans of thickener should be opened and added to the fuel in rapid
+succession. If the contents of the first can are permitted to gel
+before adding the second can, it will be difficult to obtain a uniform
+mix. Continue to stir.
+
+
+[Illustration: Fig 25. Measuring fuel ingredient into mixing drum.
+Paddle for measuring and stirring is improvised.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 26. Transferring newly mixed thickened fuel from
+mixing drum to storage or shipping container for aging.]
+
+_g. Examining fuel._ Lift the paddle quickly. If the mixture drops
+or runs from the paddle, additional stirring is necessary. When the
+paddle comes out clean, except for an adhering film, stirring should be
+stopped, provided there is no further visible
+
+settling of particles of thickener.
+
+_h. Loading shipping drums._ When stirring is completed, the mix is
+immediately bucketed (Fig 26) through a funnel into the shipping drum.
+The second bung hole should be open, if possible, to provide a vent
+to aid in pouring. Two men do the bucketing, each handling one pail
+so that the funnel may be kept loaded with mix and the shipping drum
+filled as rapidly as possible. Finally, the open-end drum should be
+picked up and its contents poured into the funnel. Not more than 50
+gallons of thickened fuel should be loaded into a 55-gallon drum. The
+funnel should then be removed and replaced by a plug. The vent opening
+of the drum should also be closed. (See Paragraph 39 for pressure
+method of filling storage drums.)
+
+_i. Unused thickener._ Any thickener remaining in opened cans should be
+discarded. Since moisture in the air can quickly ruin its properties,
+no attempt should be made to save it.
+
+_j. Aging and storing._ Newly mixed fuel has the appearance of tapioca
+pudding. (Fig 27) It should preferably be stored overnight before
+use. It may, however, be fired within 1 hour after mixing. To keep
+fuel in good condition, drums for shipping and storing must be clean,
+moistureproof, dry, strong, and unrusted, but not galvanized. They must
+be kept tightly closed and should be laid on their sides so that rain
+water will not collect around the bungs.
+
+_k. Testing fuel._ Before use on missions, all fuels should be tested
+by being fired from a flame thrower. This is advisable because the
+characteristics of the fuel ingredients often vary.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 27. Contrasting newly mixed thickened fuel (right)
+with aged fuel (left).]
+
+
+36. PREPARATION OF LIQUID FUELS.
+
+_a. Choice of ingredients._ Thin fuels are easy to ignite, but they
+lack range and are largely burned in flight before reaching the target.
+For this reason, liquid fuels should contain the lowest proportion
+of gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier oils that permits
+easy ignition. In hot climates, less gasoline is needed than in cold
+climates. Exactness of proportion, however, is not of great importance.
+Suitable blends are as follows:
+
+(1) Equal parts by weight or by volume of gasoline, light fuel oil, and
+heavy (bunker) fuel oil. The light fuel oil can be either No. 1 fuel
+oil, No. 2 fuel oil, automotive diesel oil, or kerosene.
+
+(2) One part gasoline to four parts of cleaned crankcase drainings.
+(Par 36_e_) Unused motor lubricating oil can be employed in place
+of crankcase drainings, but usually it will be unavailable for
+flame-thrower use.
+
+_b. Preparation of ingredients._ Before mixing blends, the following
+steps should be taken:
+
+(1) _Gasoline, diesel oils, and fuel oils._ These fuel materials should
+be allowed to stand quietly for at least 30 minutes to permit any small
+quantity of water present to settle to the bottom. When transferring
+the fuel to another container, remove the fuel carefully so that no
+water is remixed with it.
+
+(2) _Crankcase drainings._ If possible, crankcase drainings should
+be allowed to stand quietly in a container for at least 1 day. When
+pouring, take care to prevent the transfer of any of the sludge which
+may have settled in the bottom of the container.
+
+_c. Equipment._ An open-head 55-gallon or 42-gallon drum and an
+improvised wooden mixing paddle are used. The paddle should be
+approximately 5 feet long, 2 inches wide, and 1 inch thick. A metal
+paddle should not be provided because of the danger of striking a spark
+from the drum. Five-gallon cans may also be furnished for measuring and
+transferring ingredients. Clean, unrusted, steel storage drums should
+be at hand. They should be at least 16-gage to have sufficient strength
+to withstand the internal vapor pressure of the fuel.
+
+_d. Stirring._ All the ingredients should be stirred in the drum with
+the paddle until they appear to form a uniform mixture. This should
+require approximately 2 minutes.
+
+_e. Crankcase-draining blends._ If crankcase drainings are used as
+an ingredient (Par 36_b_), it is preferable to allow the prepared
+mixture to settle for 24 hours after stirring, because the gasoline in
+the mixture may cause additional sludge to be deposited. Even after
+this settling period, it is recommended that the mixture be poured
+through cheesecloth or some similar fabric before the flame thrower
+is filled. Crankcase-draining blends should be allowed to stay in the
+flame thrower only long enough for completion of a mission, because
+additional sludge which may form from standing will clog the weapon.
+
+_f. Transferring._ The mixture should be transferred either directly
+into the flame-thrower fuel tanks (Pars 37 through 40) or into storage
+drums. (Par 35_h_)
+
+_g. Emergency mixing in fuel tanks._ In an emergency, mixing can be
+done in the flame-thrower fuel tanks by adding the ingredients in
+correct proportions and then shaking or stirring.
+
+_h. Testing fuel._ Before fuel is used on a mission, it should be
+tested, if possible, by being fired from a flame thrower.
+
+_i. Storage._ Fuels may be used immediately after preparation. If
+the blend contains crankcase oils, the fuel should be fired as soon
+as practicable after filling. Other liquid blends may be stored
+indefinitely until required for use. For storage precautions see
+Paragraph 40. The storage drums also should be kept tightly closed to
+prevent loss of gasoline through evaporation and to prevent moisture
+from entering the fuel. If stored in the open, the drums should be laid
+on their sides so that rain water will not collect adjacent to the
+bungs. An unrusted and undamaged 16-gage or 18-gage drum has sufficient
+strength to withstand the internal vapor pressure of the fuel.
+
+
+37. FILLING BY POURING.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 28. Filling fuel tanks by pouring. Any clean
+container may be used. A funnel may be improvised.]
+
+(Fig 28) This method is the simplest and quickest for liquid fuel,
+but it may be too slow for some thickened fuels. The procedure is as
+follows:
+
+_a._ Stand the tank group on the ground or a platform. If the tank
+group is not connected to the gun group, lock coupling plug in tank
+coupling. (Par 70)
+
+_b._ Using a 1-3/4-inch wrench, unscrew the filling plug and the
+safety-head plug.
+
+_c._ Inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign
+matter. If not clean, flush with gasoline.
+
+_d._ Using an improvised funnel, fill to within 2 inches of the top of
+both plug openings. This allows sufficient void. The tanks will then
+contain approximately 4 gallons of fuel.
+
+_e._ Wipe the fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean,
+dry cloth. (Fig 29) If plug has a tendency to freeze to seat, lubricate
+(Par 49 _b_) before screwing in the filling and safety-head plug
+assemblies. Tighten with wrench.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 29. Wiping plug seat.]
+
+_f._ Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.
+
+
+38. FILLING BY FORCE PUMP.
+
+A force pump, if available, may be installed with a short length of
+pipe in the top opening of a drum of fuel for filling flame-thrower
+fuel tanks. Keep working parts of pump clean.
+
+
+39. FILLING BY BLOWING.
+
+Thickened fuel may be readily forced into the fuel tanks of flame
+throwers by the use of extremely low pressures of compressed air or
+nitrogen. Flame thrower fuel filling kit E6 or equivalent may be used.
+When equipment is available, filling by blowing is more efficient for
+filling large numbers of flame throwers with thickened fuel. Pouring
+or pumping are more time-consuming, depending on the consistency of
+the gel. The consistency may vary among batches even when the same
+proportion of thickener is used. The amount of moisture in the fuel
+seems to cause this variation. The precautions listed in Paragraph 40
+should be observed.
+
+
+[Illustration: Fig 30. Blowing thickened fuel into fuel tanks by use of
+cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen.]
+
+_a. Source of pressure._ When the pressure in cylinders of compressed
+air or nitrogen has fallen too low to be of further use in filling
+pressure tanks of flame throwers, the remaining pressure may be used
+to blow fuel into fuel tanks if the regulator valve can reduce pressure
+down to 20 pounds per square inch. For precautions, see Paragraph 33.
+An air compressor or a hand air pump (tire pump) may be used in place
+of a cylinder if the latter is not available. Pressure of _no more than
+15 to 20 pounds_ per square inch should be used on the fuel drums. Only
+a diaphragm-type regulator valve can be used safely. This valve must be
+capable of regulating any pressure that may be applied to it.
+
+_b. Drums._ Clean, noncorroded, steel, 55-gallon drums should be used.
+Drums of United States manufacture which meet requirements will be
+stamped ICC-5 or ICC-5A, followed by three numbers in sequence, for
+example, “14-55-44.” The number “14” indicates the gage of the metal;
+“55” indicates the capacity in gallons; and “44” indicates the year
+of manufacture. A steel drum of 14 gage, or heavier, is preferable,
+but lighter drums (of 16 or 18 gage) may be used. Drums made of gages
+lighter than 18 gage (20-or 22-gage) must not be used. Drums should
+never be moved while under pressure.
+
+_c. Connections._ The source of pressure (see _a_ above), the drum
+of fuel, the fuel-filling line, the air hose, and other parts, are
+connected as shown in Figure 30. Threaded adapters are used, as
+necessary, to fit lines to the drum. All threaded connections should
+be made tight by the use of wrenches on the joints. The drum and the
+pressure cylinder (if the latter is used) should be laid on their sides
+on the ground or a platform. The opening of the drum connected to the
+fuel-filling hose should be close to the ground or platform. If tank
+group is filled without gun group, lock coupling plug (Par 70) in tank
+coupling.
+
+_d. Procedure._ To fill fuel tanks:
+
+(1) Remove both the filling and safety-head plugs.
+
+(2) Inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign
+matter. If not clean, flush with gasoline.
+
+(3) Place end of fuel-filling hose in either one of the two fuel-tank
+plug holes, using a nipple as a spout.
+
+(4) Start air compressor or pump, or open the valve on the cylinder of
+compressed air or nitrogen. Open regulator valve on filling line by
+turning handle _slowly_ until gage shows 15 to 20 pounds pressure, but
+no more. _Caution_: “Cracking,” or opening a cylinder valve without
+using the proper regulator valve (Par 39 _a_), may result in explosive
+pressure in the drums.
+
+(5) Both tanks must be filled to within 2 inches of their tops. Close
+valve on fuel-filling hose to halt flow at this level.
+
+(6) If no additional flame throwers are to be filled, close
+pressure-cylinder valve, or stop compressor or pump. Then, using
+wrench, slightly loosen the air line at the drum, allowing pressure
+to bleed. When the pressure in the drum has fallen to that of the
+atmosphere, close regulator valve.
+
+(7) Roll drum slightly and gently until fuel-filling hose is at top of
+drum.
+
+(8) If there are valves on each end of the fuel-filling hose, use
+wrench to slightly loosen hose, allowing gradual escape of pressure.
+Stand away from, and at the side of, the connection. Keep hose pointed
+away from other personnel. When all pressure has been released,
+complete unscrewing of hose.
+
+(9) Wipe fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean, dry
+cloth. Then screw in filling plug and safety-head plug assemblies,
+applying grease (Par 49 _b_) if plug tends to freeze to seat. Tighten
+with wrench. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.
+
+
+40. PRECAUTIONS WITH FUELS.
+
+_a. Flammability._ All fuels used in flame throwers obviously are
+highly flammable and must be handled, stored, and used with extreme
+care. Diesel oil, fuel oil, and kerosene require the same care as does
+gasoline.
+
+_b. Indoor storage._ When it becomes necessary to handle gasoline in
+a room or building, the windows and doors should be open and care
+taken that no unprotected flame which might ignite the fumes is in the
+vicinity. The doors and windows should remain open for a sufficient
+length of time afterward to allow any vaporized gasoline to escape.
+
+_c. Flames and sparks._ The presence of open flames, heated stoves,
+electrical tools and apparatus, and other equipment likely to cause
+sparks must not be permitted. Even nails and metal cleats in shoes are
+a potential hazard in the presence of combustible fumes.
+
+_d. Smoking._ “No Smoking” signs must be posted in prominent places
+about the premises and the rule against smoking must be strictly
+enforced.
+
+_e. Ventilation and cleaning._ The buildings in which fuel is stored
+or used must be well ventilated and thoroughly cleaned every day. No
+rubbish or other flammable material should be permitted to remain in or
+near such buildings.
+
+_f. Spillage._ Care should be taken that fuel is not spilled. Any
+spillage should be removed promptly.
+
+_g. Safety cans._ Safety cans should be used, if possible, for storing
+small quantities of gasoline, as they have covers that must be forcibly
+held open to remove or add gasoline.
+
+_h. Rags._ Metal receptacles with metal lids should be provided for
+discarded, oily, or gasoline-soaked rags. These rags must be disposed
+of daily.
+
+_i. Electrical apparatus._ Vaporproof incandescent electric lamps,
+switches, and other appliances of approved type should be used. Open
+switches, relays, and similar apparatus, or motors with commutators,
+must not be used where gasoline fumes may be encountered.
+
+_j. Hose._ Flexible metal, rubber, and rubber-metal hose should be
+inspected regularly (at least four times a year) and discarded when
+noticeably deteriorated.
+
+_k. Toxic fumes._ Gasoline fumes are somewhat toxic and should not be
+inhaled.
+
+_l. Leaks._ Leaks must never be neglected, and the fact that gasoline
+is a dangerous liquid must always be kept in mind. Inspections for
+leaks should be made frequently, particularly at pipe and hose joints.
+
+_m. Fire extinguishers._ Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, or
+foam-type fire extinguishers should be provided and located where they
+will be accessible in the event of fire. Sand, not water, should be
+thrown on burning fuel if suitable extinguishers are not available.
+
+_n. Leaded gasoline._ Gasoline often contains a poisonous lead
+compound. Such gasoline, or fuel containing leaded gasoline, should not
+be allowed to touch the body, especially the lips, eyes, open cuts, and
+sores.
+
+
+
+
+Section IX OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS
+
+
+41. WET CONDITIONS.
+
+The M2-2 flame thrower may be carried and fired successfully in the
+rain or even after short immersion in water. After use when wet, it
+should be dried to prevent rusting, cleaned, and lubricated. (Pars 49
+and 55) Areas where paint has worn off should be touched up with fresh
+paint. The weapon should be stored in a dry place. Moisture must not be
+allowed to enter fuel, ingredients of fuel, or containers of ignition
+cylinders.
+
+
+42. DUST AND MUD.
+
+Keep all possible dust, earth, and mud out of the flame thrower;
+particles may interfere with the operation of spring case, valves,
+bearings, and pressure regulator. Store weapons and auxiliary equipment
+in closed chests and boxes when not in use. (Par 77) Clean before use.
+(Pars 51 and 52)
+
+
+43. HEAT.
+
+A hot climate or exposure to the sun makes the fuel thinner when in
+containers. Thin fuel has shorter range; it is largely consumed in the
+air before it reaches usual effective ranges. Where the climate is
+torrid, less gasoline or other thinning agents should be used in a fuel
+blend than normally. (Pars 34 through 36)
+
+
+44. COLD.
+
+Cold weather reduces total heat produced at target but seldom enough
+to seriously lower value of a firing mission. Incendiary effects may
+be decreased because materiel is less flammable when cold. The weapon
+may be used at temperatures as low as minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit. To
+improve ignition, use more gasoline in fuel than normally. (Pars 34
+through 36)
+
+
+45. WIND.
+
+Flame throwers should not be fired into strong head winds or across
+strong side winds. (Par 23)
+
+
+
+
+Section X DEMOLITION TO PREVENT ENEMY USE
+
+
+46. DESTRUCTION PROCEDURE.
+
+If circumstances should force abandonment of chemical warfare materiel
+in the field, it is destroyed or rendered useless to prevent its use or
+study by the enemy. The following methods are recommended:
+
+_a. Flame thrower._ One or more small-arms bullets through the fuel
+tanks will prevent any immediate use of the flame thrower. Additional
+rounds may be put through the pressure tank. If the pressure tank is
+charged, the pressure-tank valve should be opened for a few seconds,
+thus permitting the contents to dissipate. This is necessary if rounds
+are to be fired point-blank. The gun may be rendered useless by bending
+it over a hard object. A sledge or ax will demolish valves and tubes. A
+fragmentation grenade will also achieve demolition.
+
+_b. Filling and charging apparatus._ The flexible tubing, gages, and
+valves may be destroyed by blows with an ax, sledge, or other heavy
+instrument. The large pressure cylinders are rendered useless by
+releasing the contents and then destroying the valves by blows with an
+ax or sledge. Cylinders can be stacked like cordwood in groups of five
+and demolished by the detonation of four 1/2-pound blocks (2 pounds) of
+TNT in their midst. The air compressor may be destroyed by a similar
+procedure.
+
+_c. Fuel._ Burn.
+
+_d. Mixing apparatus._ Containers and filling lines may be rendered
+useless by ax or sledge blows, or by small-arms fire.
+
+_e. Thickener._ Cans of thickener should be broken open. Contents
+should be thrown into a fire or into a body of water.
+
+_f. Ignition cylinders._ Burn to destroy. Personnel should stay
+several yards from the fire because the cylinders ignite with a slight
+detonation.
+
+
+
+
+PART THREE
+
+MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
+
+
+
+
+Section XI GENERAL
+
+
+47. SCOPE.
+
+Part Three contains information for the guidance of the personnel of
+the using organizations responsible for the maintenance (1st and 2nd
+echelon) of this equipment. It contains information needed for the
+performance of the scheduled lubrication and preventive maintenance
+services as well as descriptions of the major systems and units and
+their functions in relation to other components of the equipment.
+
+
+
+
+Section XII SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
+
+
+48. SERVICE KIT.
+
+One service kit for portable flame thrower M2-2 will be furnished
+for each six M2-2 portable flame throwers. The kit includes tools,
+equipment, and spare parts for second echelon maintenance and for
+pressure-tank charging. Adjustable wrenches may be included in place of
+the plain-end wrenches listed. Numbers listed with items are Chemical
+Warfare Service stock numbers. Approximate contents are as follows:
+
+_a. Tools._
+
+  1 Screwdriver, cabinet, 4-1/2-inch blade length, 3/16-inch blade
+  diameter, H22-50-13. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Screw driver, common, 6-inch blade length, 5/16-inch blade
+  diameter, H22-50-6. (Fig 8)
+
+  2 Wrenches, hex, 3/16 inch across flats (for 3/8-inch socket-head set
+  screws), H22-49-91.
+
+  2 Wrenches, hex, 1/8 inch across flats (for 1/4-inch socket-head set
+  screws), H22-49-12. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Wrench, valve-adjusting, assembly A81-6-48. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-1/2-inch openings, 12 inches
+  approx length, H22-49-113. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Wrench, engineers’, double head, 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch openings, 9
+  inches approx length, H22-49-115. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-3/4-inch openings, 12 inches
+  approx length, A81-6-49. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Wrench, engineers’, single head, 1-1/8-inch opening, 10-1/2 inches
+  approx length, H22-49-31. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Wrench, adjustable, single end, 6 inches approx length
+  (crescent-type), H22-49-67. (Fig 8)
+
+_b. Accessories and spare parts._
+
+  1 Line, filling, pressure cylinder, assembly C81-3-4. (Fig 23)
+
+  1 Hose, flexible, assembly E81-3-6. (Fig 24)
+
+  2 Lines, charging, pressure cylinder, assembly B81-3-29. (Fig 23)
+
+  1 Tank and valve, pressure, assembly (less shaft and handle)
+  B81-1-374. (Fig 33)
+
+  1 Shaft, flexible, valve, assembly E81-1-470. (Fig 33)
+
+  1 Handle, valve, A81-1-473. (Fig 33)
+
+  1 Nut, machine-screw, hex, 5/16-inch, 24NF-2, H22-93-55. (Fig 33)
+
+  2 Case, spring, assemblies B81-1-444. (Fig 9)
+
+  2 Diaphragm, valve, assemblies A81-1-416. (Fig 9)
+
+  1 Hose, fuel, flame thrower, M1, assembly B81-1-498. (Fig 48)
+
+  2 Plugs, coupling, E81-1-514. (Fig 7)
+
+  6 Heads, safety, R81-1-561. (Fig 39)
+
+  1 Gage, fuel tank testing, assembly E81-6-57. (This assembly includes
+  a plug drilled, tapped, and fitted with a 0-500-pound pressure gage.)
+
+  3 Washers, coupling, A81-1-513. (Fig 9)
+
+  2 Cord, cotton, seine, No. 4 hard braided, mildewproof, O.D.,
+  (1/8-inch diameter by 25-feet skeins), H100-4-5.
+
+  6 Bushings, pipe, head, 3/4 inch by 1/2 inch, (galvanized iron),
+  H98-5-93. (Fig 9)
+
+  1 Regulator, pressure, assembly B81-1-438. (Figs 33 and 37)
+
+  1 Compound, anti-seize, white lead base, (for threaded fittings)
+  1/4-pound can, H99-3-12.
+
+  2 Gages, pressure cylinder testing, assembly B81-6-90. (Fig 32)
+
+  1 Catalog CW7-440114, Army Service Forces, “Portable Flame Thrower
+  M2-2.”
+
+  1 Technical Manual 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower M2-2.”
+
+[Illustration: Fig 31. Lubrication order.
+
+  To requisition a replacement Lubrication Order address Office of the
+  Chief, Chemical Warfare Service, Washington 25, D. C.
+
+  NOT TO BE REPRODUCED
+  in whole or in part without permission of the Office of the Chief,
+  Chemical Warfare Service.
+
+NO. 4001
+
+               ----------- KEY -----------
+
+  +-------------------------+-------------------------+
+  |      LUBRICANTS         |     INTERVALS           |
+  +-------------------------+-------------------------+
+  |                         |                         |
+  | CG-GREASE,              |   1-AFTER EACH MISSION  |
+  |    GENERAL PURPOSE      |   6-AFTER SIX MISSIONS  |
+  |   NO. 1 (ABOVE + 32°F)  |       OR MORE OFTEN     |
+  |   NO. O (BELOW + 32°F)  |                         |
+  |                         |                         |
+  +-------------------------+-------------------------+
+
+  THIS ORDER IS TO BE FASTENED TO INSIDE LID OF FLAME THROWER
+  PACKING CHEST.
+
+  Copy of this Lubrication Order will remain with the equipment at all
+  times; instructions contained therein are mandatory and supersede all
+  conflicting lubrication Instructions dated prior to =5 MAY 1944=
+
+  By order of the Secretary of War:
+
+  G. C. Marshall, Chief of Staff.
+
+  Official:
+
+  J. A. Ulio,
+  Major General,
+  The Adjutant General.]
+
+
+
+
+Section XIII LUBRICATION
+
+
+49. LUBRICATION.
+
+_a. Gun group._ War Department Lubrication Order No. 4001 (Fig 31)
+shows the parts which require lubrication, the lubricants, and the
+intervals.
+
+(1) _Lubricants._ Grease, general purpose, No. 1 is used, except for
+temperatures below freezing, when grease, general purpose. No. 0 is
+used. The bearing surfaces should be lightly coated with the grease.
+
+(2) _Frequency of lubrication._ The surfaces of the ignition-head body
+which touch the spring case should be lubricated after each use of
+the weapon. Other parts are lubricated after six firing missions, six
+training sessions, or oftener. All should be thoroughly cleaned (Pars
+52, 55, and 56) with gasoline, dry cleaning solvent, or other solvent,
+then dried before lubrication. If the gun is disassembled for any other
+reason, it should be lubricated before reassembly.
+
+(3) _Records._ To ascertain when six missions have been fired, a record
+of firing (Par 2) should be kept with each flame thrower.
+
+_b. Tank group._ The tank group ordinarily requires no lubrication.
+However, it may under the following exceptional circumstances:
+
+(1) If the tank group has been immersed in water for several hours,
+the flexible shaft of the pressure valve may have lost its lubricant.
+If so, remove the shaft (Par 66 _b_) and inspect. If lubricant is not
+present, as indicated by difficulty of movement after removal, dip
+the shaft in solvent to clean and then dip in warmed grease, general
+purpose, No. 1. Replace shaft in valve.
+
+(2) If filling or safety-head plugs (Figs 39 and 40) tend to stick
+to fuel tanks, apply grease, general purpose, No. 1 (No. 0 if below
+freezing temperatures) before replacing plugs.
+
+
+
+
+Section XIV PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SERVICES
+
+
+50. GENERAL
+
+Preventive maintenance services, as prescribed by Army Regulations,
+are a function of using organization echelons of maintenance. These
+services consist of:
+
+_a._ Before, during, and after operation services performed by the
+firers and assistants.
+
+_b._ Scheduled services performed by organizational maintenance
+personnel (service when filling and charging, and service after six
+firing missions).
+
+
+51. BEFORE-OPERATION SERVICE OF TANK GROUP.
+
+The following services are to be performed before filling, charging,
+and loading the flame thrower with pressure, fuel, and ignition
+cylinder:
+
+_a. Pressure-tank valve._ Open and close pressure-tank valve to test
+for ease of operation.
+
+_b. Threaded connections._ Check all threaded connections for
+tightness, using appropriate wrenches.
+
+_c. Tank coupling._ Examine coupling for cleanliness and ease of
+movement of lock and cams. (Par 70) Clean if necessary. If washer is
+broken, replace, using screw driver to pry out.
+
+_d. Plugs._ Check filling plug and safety-head plug for completeness
+of parts (Par 69 _a_) and cleanliness of threads and seats. Clean, if
+necessary, with cloth. If rod or rod and chain have broken off and
+fallen in tank, turn tank upside down and remove. Remove deflector
+tube from head (using hand, not wrench). Inspect to see if diaphragm
+is intact. If diaphragm is ruptured, replace the safety head with an
+unbroken head. (Par 69 b, c) Reassemble plug, head, and deflector tube
+in left fuel tank. (Fig 11) Tube should face to rear and at a 45-degree
+angle to operator’s left shoulder. (Fig 18) Screw in deflector tube by
+hand; do not use wrench on deflector tube. Tighten lock nut with wrench.
+
+_e. Pressure-tank clamp._ The clamp should hold the pressure tank
+tightly in place. If tank is loose, a wooden splint or wedge under the
+clamp may be used as a temporary expedient.
+
+_f. Carrier-frame bolts._ Check tightness. Use wrench.
+
+_g. Carrier._ (Par 71) Examine all canvas, webbing, and cord for signs
+of mildew, rot, or wear. Replace defective parts. Move flame thrower to
+dryer storage if mildew occurs.
+
+_h. Cord (lashing)._ Check for tightness. If necessary, make tighter
+and use secure, slip-proof knots. When the tank group is filled with
+fuel and adjusted on the firer, its weight should be carried chiefly by
+the canvas and webbing, not by the metal frame.
+
+_i. Shoulder and body straps._ Adjust straps to fit firer. (Pars 19 and
+71) A loose tank group can cause discomfort or injury when the wearer
+changes positions while on a mission. Check presence and condition of
+the two pins and two cotter pins which hold shoulder straps to steel
+support. Check fasteners.
+
+
+52. BEFORE-OPERATION SERVICE OF GUN GROUP.
+
+The following services are to be performed before filling, charging,
+and loading with pressure, fuel, and ignition cylinder:
+
+_a. Hose nipple, tank end._ Examine to be sure nipple is clean and
+not badly nicked. If badly nicked, the nipple may not make a tight
+seal at the tank coupling. A leak and loss of pressure may result. See
+Paragraph 73 _d_ for repair of the nipple.
+
+_b. Fuel hose._ Examine surface of hose for cracks or other signs of
+deterioration. Special attention should be paid to portions adjacent to
+the gun and tank coupling, which are subjected to severe flexing. If
+hose is defective, replace. (Par 73 _b_, _c_) Do not patch.
+
+_c. Hose nipple, gun end._ Check tightness of threaded connection
+between hose and fuel-valve body, using hand or very light wrench
+pressure.
+
+_d. Shield._ Remove ignition shield. Check cleanliness of threads
+on shield and on ignition-head body. If not clean, use cloth. When
+reassembling (Par 18 _c_), shield should turn freely until it locks in
+correct position.
+
+_e. Valve lever and needle._
+
+(1) There should be some play in the valve lever. To test, remove
+ignition shield. Compress grip safety and valve lever slowly,
+observing the motion of the valve needle. The valve lever should move
+approximately 1/16 inch before the needle begins to move.
+
+(2) Valve needle should be seated firmly in the barrel nozzle. After
+the valve lever is pulled back and released, no play should occur in
+the needle. For adjustment of needle, see Paragraph 75 _d_.
+
+_f. Screws._ Use screw driver to test tightness of all screws.
+
+_g. Spring retainer and plug._ Check tightness of spring retainer and
+plug (Fig 47) by using hand or very light wrench pressure.
+
+_h. Ignition head._ All exposed surfaces of the shield, nozzle, needle,
+and other parts of the ignition head, or adjacent to it, should be
+clean. If not, use cloth.
+
+_i. Atomizer hole._ With the fuel valve held fully open, insert a
+fine wire in the atomizer hole of the nozzle to clean the hole. Then
+use cloth-wrapped splint to remove from the inside of the nozzle any
+foreign matter pushed through the atomizer hole. If such matter is not
+removed, it may interfere with the closing of the fuel valve needle at
+the nozzle. Repeat procedure in _e_ (2) above.
+
+_j. Spring case._ Spring case should turn freely on ignition head. If
+it does not, clean any grease or dirt from, surfaces with cloth and
+relubricate. (Par 49)
+
+_k. Trigger._ Pull trigger once or twice to find whether it operates
+easily and whether it returns to position. If not, clean and lubricate
+trigger. (Par 49) Check condition of trigger spring.
+
+_l. Trigger rod._ Check position of the trigger rod when trigger
+is pulled back all the way as when firing. The rod should extend
+approximately 1/16 inch beyond the end of the lug in the ignition head.
+If it does not, bend the rod slightly, reverse position of bearing, or
+replace worn parts.
+
+
+53. SERVICE WHEN FILLING AND CHARGING.
+
+_a. Inspection of fuel tanks._ Just before filling and charging, remove
+plugs (Par 69 _b_) and examine interior of fuel tanks to see whether
+they are clean and free from foreign matter. If not clean, flush with
+gasoline until clean.
+
+_b. Fuel level._ When filling (Pars 37 through 40), see that fuel
+reaches the same level in both tanks. If leveling does not occur,
+the tank connector may be clogged with foreign matter. If so, clean,
+as in _a_, above. After filling, wipe plug seats with a cloth before
+replacing plugs. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.
+
+_c. Pressure-tank valve._ Before charging the tank group with air or
+nitrogen, open and close the pressure-tank valve several times by hand
+to be sure it operates freely. If it does not, adjust as described in
+Paragraph 66 _d_.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 32. Testing pressure tank and valve, using
+0-3,000-pound testing gage from service kit.]
+
+_d. Testing for leaks in pressure system._ After charging, and as few
+hours as possible before a mission, use an 0-3,000-pound gage furnished
+in service kit to test pressure. (Fig 32) To install gage, unscrew
+check-valve cap and screw gage in check-valve body. If pressure has
+fallen below that to which the tank was charged (Par 32), a leak is
+indicated. Remove gage, replace check-valve cap, and check for leaks
+at joints between pressure tank and valve and between tank valve and
+check valve. (A wrench should be used to tighten cap on check-valve
+body so as to avoid producing an additional leak.) Large leaks can
+be felt or heard. Small leaks can be detected by coating joints with
+soap-and-water solution. Bubbles indicate leaks. If a leak is revealed
+between pressure tank and pressure-tank valve, or between check valve
+and pressure-tank valve, replace all three as a unit. If tests do not
+show up the leak the tank may have been improperly charged. It should
+be recharged and then retested.
+
+
+54. SERVICE WHEN FIRING.
+
+_a. Failure to ignite._ Pull trigger repeatedly. If ignition cylinder
+still fails to ignite, dirt may be wedged in ignition head. Unscrew
+shield one-half turn. Screw it back, rapping shield with the hand while
+turning. This should dislodge foreign matter. Pull trigger again.
+Repeat procedure, if necessary.
+
+_b. Safety head “blows” (breaks)._ If safety head breaks, firing
+mission cannot be carried out. On return, have head replaced. (Par 69)
+Follow test procedure. (Par 56 _b_)
+
+
+55. SERVICE AFTER FIRING.
+
+_a. Unloading._ Remove ignition cylinder (Par 30), close pressure-tank
+valve, and blow out remaining fuel and pressure. (Par 30)
+
+_b. Removal of equipment._ Release the body straps, then the shoulder
+straps. If prone, lie on side and allow tank group to roll off onto
+ground. If standing or kneeling, take care that tank group does not
+drop on feet or legs.
+
+_c. Correcting or reporting._ Correct any failures or difficulties or
+report them as soon as possible to service or maintenance personnel.
+
+_d. Gun._ Remove shield (Par 18) and clean interior of shield with
+cloth. Clean holes in shield with wire or wooden splint. Clean external
+surfaces of barrel, nozzle, needle, and other parts. Check cleanliness
+and adjustment of needle. (Par 75 _d_) Check trigger for operation.
+Lubricate. (Par 49)
+
+_e. Fuel tanks and passages._ Remove plugs (Par 69 _b_). Drain
+any remaining fuel. Use gasoline to remove residues of thickened
+fuels before they have a chance to harden and obstruct passages. If
+necessary, fill tanks with gasoline and allow to stand for several
+hours, shaking occasionally. Drain and repeat if necessary.
+
+_f. Safety head._ Check head to see if it is ruptured; if it is,
+replace. (Par 69) Follow test procedure. (Par 56 _b_)
+
+_g. Pressure-tank valve._ If weapon is to be stored, open pressure-tank
+valve and leave it open until next charging.
+
+_h. Carrier._ Scrub, if necessary, with soap and water, or gasoline.
+
+_i. Exterior metal surfaces._ Scrub exterior metal surfaces clean of
+fuel to prevent fire hazard. Allow to dry before using again.
+
+_j. General inspection._ Carefully examine all other parts, adjust as
+necessary, and replace any which are damaged.
+
+
+56. SERVICE AFTER SIX FIRING MISSIONS.
+
+After the flame thrower has been used on six firing missions or the
+equivalent in training work, experienced personnel should follow these
+directions:
+
+_a. Before-operation and after-operation service._ Follow the same
+procedures as in Paragraphs 52, 53, and 55.
+
+_b. Test firing (or simulated firing)._
+
+(1) If tactical conditions permit test firing at a suitable test range
+(Par 15), fill the fuel tanks with fuel. (Pars 37 through 40)
+
+(2) If test firing with fuel is impracticable, fill fuel tanks with
+clean water. (Be sure to dry all parts after test.)
+
+(3) _Remove filling-plug assembly._ (Par 69) Fish out the retainer rod
+and chain by means of a bent wire.
+
+(4) Do not unscrew the safety-head plug.
+
+(5) Insert the testing plug with 0-to 500-pound pressure gage (plug and
+gage are from service kit) in the filling-plug opening. Tighten testing
+plug in seat with wrench.
+
+(6) Fully charge pressure tank. (Par 32)
+
+(7) If test firing with fuel, load ignition cylinder. (Par 18)
+
+(8) Open pressure-tank valve and simultaneously observe pressure in
+fuel tanks by reading gage. The gage indicates the pressure in both
+tanks. It should be between 350 and 390 pounds per square inch.
+
+(9) Read the gage at the expiration of not less than 5 minutes. The
+tanks should have a pressure reading of not more than 390 pounds. If
+the pressure continues to increase beyond 390 pounds and the safety
+head blows, replace the safety head and the pressure regulator.
+
+(10) Fire by operating controls (or simulate firing if tanks are filled
+with water). The burst should last 3 seconds, during which time the
+pressure should not drop below 260 pounds.
+
+(11) If the pressure does not conform to the requirements stated in
+(8), (9), and (10), adjust the pressure regulator upward or downward.
+(Par 67 _d_)
+
+(12) While the above test firing is proceeding, check for leaks at all
+joints and connections on the tank group. The pressure system should
+be checked by painting the joints with soap-and-water solution and by
+looking for bubbles which indicate leaks. For replacement of parts
+where pressure leaks, see Paragraph 66. Fuel leaks may be seen without
+soap and water. For repair of fuel leaks, see Paragraph 75 _e_. The
+nozzle should be observed by removing the ignition shield. Nozzle
+leaks are corrected by cleaning, adjusting needle (Par 75 _d_), or by
+regrinding. (Par 75 _e_) If this is not successful, replace both needle
+and barrel as a unit.
+
+_c. Fuel valve._ Discharge all pressure from the gun by operating the
+fuel valve. Carefully remove the valve grip and grip support. (Par
+74) Look for signs of leakage at the valve diaphragm. If a leak is
+present, replace valve-diaphragm assembly. (Pars 75 _b_ and 75 _c_)
+
+_d. Valve grip._ Disassemble the valve grip (Par 74) and lubricate.
+(Par 49)
+
+_e. Carrier._ Tighten the carrier cord.
+
+_f. Gun interior._ If thickened fuel has been fired, disassemble the
+gun. All parts should be cleaned of accumulations of dried fuel.
+Lubricate (Par 49) and reassemble. If liquid fuel has been fired,
+flush gun with clean gasoline. Disassemble only enough to lubricate.
+Reassemble.
+
+
+
+
+Section XV TROUBLE SHOOTING
+
+
+57. PRECAUTIONS.
+
+First, remove the ignition cylinder. Then, before disassembling,
+servicing, or repairing parts which may be under pressure, be sure to
+release the pressure. Remove fuel, when necessary.
+
+
+58. FUEL LEAKS.
+
+          _Trouble_                       _Remedy_
+  _a._ Defective or damaged    If leak is observed in valve grip,
+  valve-diaphragm assembly.      disassemble. (Par 74) If diaphragm
+                                 is torn, or damaged in
+                                 any other way, remove and replace.
+                                 (Par 75)
+
+  _b._ Defective threaded      Disconnect, using wrenches. If
+  connections on fuel lines.     thread is stripped or badly damaged,
+                                 replace the threaded part.
+                                 If threads appear to be sound,
+                                 clean them and reconnect. If
+                                 leak is between tank coupling and
+                                 tank connector or between hose
+                                 and fuel-valve body, apply anti-seize
+                                 compound before rescrewing.
+                                 Tighten joint with wrenches.
+
+  _c._ Dirt or foreign matter  Clean parts carefully with cloth before
+  on seats or threads.           reassembling.
+
+  _d._ Leak at nozzle.         Adjust needle. (Par 75 _d_) If leak
+                                 persists, either replace needle
+                                 and barrel as a unit or use lapping
+                                 compound on parts. Turn
+                                 needle in seat until parts make a
+                                 tight connection when seated.
+                                 Remove lapping compound and
+                                 reassemble.
+
+  _e._ Worn body of hose.      Replace fuel-hose assembly. (Par 73)
+
+  _f._ Leak at tank coupling.  Remove and replace coupling washer
+                                 if damaged. (Par 70) If hose
+                                 nipple, tank end, is damaged, repair
+                                 nipple (Par 73 _d_) or replace
+                                 fuel-hose assembly.
+
+
+59. SAFETY HEAD “BLOWS” (BREAKS).
+
+         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_
+  _a._ Defective safety head.  Replace with new safety head.
+                                 (Par 69 _b_)
+
+  _b._ Defective pressure      If replacement safety head also
+  regulator.                     breaks, follow test procedure in
+                                 Paragraph 56 _b_ to determine
+                                 whether pressure regulator
+                                 needs adjustment or is defective.
+
+
+60. CARRIER UNCOMFORTABLE.
+
+         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_
+  _a._ Cord becomes loose      Use only hard-braided seine cord
+  or breaks.                     furnished in service kit for
+                                 replacements. Lace tightly as
+                                 shown in Figure 46, using slip-proof
+                                 knots at ends.
+
+  _b._ Straps not adjusted to  Adjust straps to fit each new wearer.
+  fit wearer.                    Tank group must be high
+                                 on back and snug on body. (Pars
+                                 19 and 71)
+
+  _c._ Carrier frame           Cord is too loose. Tighten cord.
+  presses on wearer’s back.      Use slip-proof knots at ends.
+
+
+61. SHORT RANGE.
+
+         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_
+  _a._ Stream of burning fuel  Fuel valve is not fully open because
+  issues at an angle or in a     of:
+  very broad spray.            (1) Faulty operation. Be sure to
+                                   compress controls all the way
+                                   when firing. (Par 26)
+
+                               (2) Improper adjustment or assembly
+                                   of valve. To correct,
+                                   see Paragraphs 74 and 75.
+
+  _b._ Rapid drop of range     Pressure-tank valve is not fully
+  during a burst.                  open. Open all the way. If this
+                                   is not effective, test pressure
+                                   regulator. (Par 67 _d_)
+
+  _c._ Shorter range in each   Pressure tank is not fully charged.
+  successive burst.            (1) Before firing be sure tank is
+
+                                   charged to at least 1,700 pounds
+                                   per square inch. (Par 32)
+
+                               (2) Check for leaks to make sure
+                                   pressure has not decreased
+                                   since charging. (Par 53 _d_)
+
+  _d._ Short range with        Dried fuel or other foreign matter
+  longer time of discharge       is in fuel lines. Disassemble and
+  than 8 to 9 seconds.           clean.
+
+
+62. FUEL-VALVE FAILURE.
+
+         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_
+  Valve fails to close when    (1) Work the grip safety to trip
+  controls are released.           the valve lever.
+
+                               (2) Foreign matter may be in barrel,
+                                   or barrel may be dented.
+                                   If dented, replace barrel and
+                                   needle as a unit. If not dented,
+                                   disassemble and clean. (Pars
+                                   74 and 75)
+
+
+63. FAILURE OF IGNITION CYLINDER TO IGNITE.
+
+         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_
+  _a._ Match in cylinder       Pull trigger repeatedly. If cylinder
+  moves but incendiary           does not ignite, remove cylinder
+  charge does not ignite.        (Par 30) and examine.
+
+                               (1) If matches have been pushed
+                                   flush with inner surface of cylinder
+                                   body, the cylinder is
+                                   defective. Destroy. (Par 30)
+                                   Replace.
+
+                               (2) If matches project 1/16 inch
+                                   or more from cylinder, ignition
+                                   head is defective. Disassemble
+                                   ignition head (Par 76 _b_) and
+                                   examine. Replace parts as
+                                   necessary. (Par 76 _c_)
+
+  _b._ Cylinder does not       (1) Spring case is not free to rotate
+  rotate to bring new charge       because of dirt. Clean and lubricate.
+  into position.                   (Par 49)
+
+                               (2) Cylinder is improperly loaded.
+                                   (Par 18)
+
+                               (3) Ignition cylinder binds on barrel
+                                   because of dirt or excessive
+                                   warping of ignition cylinders
+                                   from heat of firing. Remove
+                                   and destroy (Par 30) ignition
+                                   cylinder. Reload.
+
+                               (4) Spring case is defective. Replace
+                                   as a unit. (Par 76 _b_, _c_)
+
+  _c._ Trigger does not        (1) When on a mission, use fingers
+  return to normal position        on trigger to pull back to normal
+  (with ignition cylinder in       position.
+  place).                      (2) If time permits, remove trigger
+                                   rod. (Par 76 _b_) Clean rod
+                                   and hole in which rod slides.
+                                   Lubricate. (Par 49) Reassemble.
+                                   (Par 76 _c_)
+
+  _d._ Lack of spring tension  Trigger spring is off hook of trigger,
+  at trigger.                    off spring screw, or broken.
+                                 Replace where necessary.
+
+
+64. FAILURE OF FUEL TO IGNITE.
+
+         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_
+  _a._ Atomizer hole clogged.  Clean  with fine wire. (Par 52 _i_)
+
+  _b._ Fuel troubles at low    (1) At temperatures below minus
+  temperature.                     20 degrees Fahrenheit, ignition
+                                   of any standard fuel is uncertain.
+                                   Operation at these temperatures
+                                   should be avoided unless tests
+                                   of fuels by firing with flame
+                                   throwers are first made.
+
+                               (2) At temperatures above minus
+                                   20 degrees Fahrenheit, no difficulty
+                                   should be experienced with
+                                   thickened gasoline. When
+                                   blended fuels are used, the
+                                   ratio of gasoline content should
+                                   be increased as temperature
+                                   decreases.
+
+  _c._ Failure of ignition     See Paragraph 63.
+  cylinder.
+
+
+
+
+Section XVI TANK GROUP
+
+
+65. GENERAL.
+
+The tank group stores fuel and pressure. The fuel is placed under
+pressure when the pressure-tank valve is opened. The tank group is
+supported upon the firer’s back and shoulders by the carrier.
+
+
+66. PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLY.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ The pressure tank and valve assembly
+(Fig 33) includes:
+
+(1) _Pressure tank._ The pressure tank is a lightweight, airplane-type
+cylinder, able to withstand the great pressure which it contains. The
+tank is charged with air or nitrogen at 1,700 to 2,100 pounds per
+square inch pressure by use of auxiliary equipment as described in
+Paragraphs 31 and 32. This pressure stays in the pressure tank until
+the weapon is ready to be fired. Opening of the pressure-tank valve
+releases air or nitrogen through the pressure regulator to the fuel
+tanks. Oxygen or combustible gases are never used in the tank because a
+violent explosion may result. The tank is large in capacity to assure
+ample pressure, and hence full range, for the entire load of fuel.
+The pressure-tank clamp (Fig 39), a steel-strap device with hinge and
+toggle-type latch, holds the pressure tank in place on the fuel tanks.
+
+(2) _Pressure-tank valve._ (Figs 33 and 34) This valve is screwed
+into the bottom of the pressure tank. The valve stem slides into the
+valve end of the valve flexible shaft. When opened by means of the
+valve handle and valve flexible shaft, the valve permits passage of
+compressed air or nitrogen through tubes and the pressure regulator to
+the fuel tanks. The valve is of the quick-opening, packless, diaphragm
+type.
+
+(3) _Pressure-valve handle and valve flexible shaft._ (Figs 33 and 34)
+The pressure-valve handle is held by a small nut on the end of the
+valve flexible shaft, which in turn is connected to the pressure-tank
+valve by means of the valve stem and a large hex nut. The handle and
+shaft extend to the right of the tank group, enabling the firer to open
+and close the valve without assistance when carrying the weapon. The
+handle slips over the end of the shaft and is held to it by a nut. The
+shaft is held to one of the fuel tanks by a clamp, nut, and bolt welded
+to the tank.
+
+(4) _Check valve._ (Figs 33 through 35) The check valve has the same
+function as the valve on a vehicular tire tube, but it is much heavier
+in construction and different in design because the pressure in the
+flame thrower is 50 times greater than that in an automobile tire tube.
+Connected by threads to the pressure valve, the check valve permits
+compressed air or nitrogen to enter the pressure tank during charging
+(Pars 31 and 32) but prevents its escape when the outside source of
+pressure is removed. The cap is removed from the check valve only for
+charging or testing.
+
+_b. Removal._ (Fig 33) To prevent damage to threads, leaks, and loss of
+pressure and range, remove pressure tank and valve assembly only when
+necessary.
+
+
+[Illustration: Fig 33. Pressure system disassembled, showing
+nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for
+requisitioning spare parts.]
+
+(1) _Release of pressure._ Be sure all pressure has been released
+from the pressure system before disassembling or removing any part or
+assembly of the pressure system. To release pressure, operate fuel
+valve (Par 26) and hold open until pressure is exhausted. As an
+added precaution, personnel should avoid facing the connections when
+disconnecting parts or assemblies.
+
+(2) _Removal procedure._ After release of all pressure:
+
+  (_a_) Loosen the clamp from the valve flexible shaft.
+
+  (_b_) Using wrench, unscrew the large hex nut which holds the
+  flexible shaft on the pressure-tank valve.
+
+  (_c_) Pull the valve flexible shaft and handle free of the valve.
+
+  (_d_) Using wrench, unscrew the flared tube nut on the regulator tube
+  adjacent to the pressure-tank valve.
+
+  (_e_) Open pressure-tank clamp (Fig 39) and swing clamp strap outward.
+
+  (_f_) Remove the pressure tank together with the pressure-tank valve
+  and check valve.
+
+  (_g_) To remove valve handle, use the adjustable-end wrench to loosen
+  and remove nut from threaded outer end of valve flexible shaft. Slide
+  out the valve handle.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 34. Lower portion of pressure system, assembled.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 35. Check valve (cross section).]
+
+_c. Installation._ (Figs 33 and 39) To install:
+
+  (1) Insert pressure tank (with pressure-tank valve and check valve
+  mounted on the tank) through the pressure-tank clamp. Be sure to
+  aline the regulator tube, elbow, and pressure-tank valve threads
+  carefully so that they cannot be damaged when connecting.
+
+  (2) Close the pressure-tank clamp.
+
+  (3) Start the threaded connections by hand to be sure they are well
+  alined. Do not force. Use wrench for final tightening, but do not
+  apply great torque to the wrench.
+
+  (4) Insert the valve flexible shaft through small clamp into the
+  pressure-tank valve. Using wrench, tighten the large hex nut located
+  between shaft and valve.
+
+  (5) Tighten the clamp on the valve flexible shaft.
+
+  (6) Place pressure-valve handle on threaded end of the shaft. Place
+  nut on threaded end and tighten with adjustable-end wrench.
+
+_d. Adjustment._ If valve handle cannot be turned by hand:
+
+  (1) Remove flexible shaft and handle. Never apply a wrench to these
+  parts.
+
+  (2) Turn end of pressure-valve stem with wrench to open valve.
+
+  (3) If stem will not turn, replace the tank and valve.
+
+  (4) If stem turns, work it back and forth with wrench.
+
+  (5) Reconnect flexible shaft and handle.
+
+  (6) If handle does not turn easily, repeat the process until handle
+  turns, or replace tank and valve.
+
+  (7) Close valve before charging tank.
+
+_e. Maintenance._
+
+  (1) If either pressure tank, pressure-tank valve, or check valve
+  are damaged or defective, all three must be replaced as a unit.
+  No attempt may be made to repair any of these parts or their
+  connections. If makeshift repairs or improvised parts are devised,
+  serious accidents can result because of the extremely high pressures
+  to which the equipment is subjected.
+
+  (2) Keep all threaded connections tightened. If a leak is suspected
+  at any threaded connection, follow procedure in Paragraph 53 _d_.
+
+
+67. PRESSURE REGULATOR.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ The regulator automatically reduces
+the variable pressure of air or nitrogen in the pressure tank to a
+constant operating pressure of approximately 350 pounds per square inch
+in the fuel tanks. The regulator is located at a protected position
+in the tank group of the M2-2 portable flame thrower, where it is not
+readily subject to tampering or damage from the outside. The regulator
+tube with fittings connects the pressure-tank valve and pressure
+regulator. (Fig 33) Its outlet is connected to the fuel tanks by the
+diffusion-pipe assembly. (Par 68 _a_) Either of two interchangeable
+types of regulators is furnished: the spring type (Figs 33, 36, and
+37), and the dome type (Fig 38).
+
+[Illustration: Fig 36. Rear of tank group, with carrier removed to show
+pressure regulator (spring-type) and connections.]
+
+_b. Removal of pressure regulator._ After release of all pressure:
+
+  (1) Remove carrier (Par 71 _b_), if necessary.
+
+  (2) Using wrench, unscrew the flared tube nuts and other fittings.
+
+  (3) Lift out the pressure regulator.
+
+_c. Installation of pressure regulator._ Line up pressure regulator,
+regulator tube, diffusion-pipe assembly, and fittings carefully so they
+will not be damaged when threads are tightened. Start threads with the
+hands. Apply only moderate wrench pressure to complete tightening.
+Replace carrier or carrier pack if either has been removed.
+
+_d. Adjustment of pressure regulator._ The pressure regulator
+ordinarily requires no attention other than checking and tightening
+connections with the regulator tube and the diffusion-pipe assembly.
+If a defect in the regulator is indicated by falling off of the range
+of the weapon or by frequent breakage of the safety-head diaphragm (Par
+56 _b_), the following procedure should be carried out. (When using
+wrenches, do not apply excessive force.)
+
+  (1) Remove the filling plug (Par 69 _b_) and ignition cylinder. (Par
+  30 _a_)
+
+  (2) Fill the fuel tanks with 4 gallons of water (or fuel).
+
+  (3) Connect the 0-to 500-pound fuel-tank testing gage, found in the
+  service kit, to the filling-plug hole. Tighten plug of gage with
+  wrench.
+
+  (4) Charge the pressure tank to a pressure of 1,800 pounds per square
+  inch. (Pars 32 and 33)
+
+  (5) Open the pressure-tank valve.
+
+  (6) Read the pressure on the gage. If 350 to 390 pounds is indicated,
+  omit steps (7) through (10).
+
+  (7) _To increase the pressure of a spring-type regulator_:
+
+    (_a_) Pry off the protective cap.
+
+    (_b_) Turn a set-screw wrench clockwise in the adjusting screw and
+    read pressure on gage.
+
+  (8) _To decrease the pressure of a spring-type regulator_:
+
+    (_a_) Turn the set-screw wrench counterclockwise more than is
+    considered sufficient to effect the desired reduction.
+
+    (_b_) Turn the pressure-tank valve off.
+
+    (_c_) Relieve pressure in the fuel tanks by compressing the fuel
+    valve until the pressure is below that desired.
+
+    (_d_) Release the fuel valve.
+
+    (_e_) Open the pressure-tank valve and allow the system to reach a
+    state of equilibrium, which occurs when the hissing sound ceases.
+
+    (_f_) Repeat the steps described above in (6) and (7).
+
+  (9) _To increase the pressure of a dome-type regulator_:
+
+    (_a_) Open needle valve No. 1 one full turn. (Fig 38)
+
+    (_b_) Open needle valve No. 2 one full turn. (There will be slight
+    leakage around the needle-valve thread.)
+
+    (_c_) Open needle valve No. 3 very slowly, watching pressure gage
+    closely. (As pressure builds up in fuel tanks there will be slight
+    leakage through needle valve No. 1.)
+
+    (_d_) When the pressure gage indicates 350 pounds, close needle
+    valve No. 3 tight.
+
+    (_e_) Close needle valve No. 2 tight.
+
+    (_f_) Close pressure-tank valve.
+
+    (_g_) When gage indicates zero, close needle valve No. 1 tight.
+
+  (10) _To decrease the pressure of a dome-type regulator_:
+
+    (_a_) Open needle valve No. 1 one full turn. (Fig 38)
+
+    (_b_) Open needle valve No. 3 very slightly, which will lower the
+    pressure.
+
+    (_c_) When 350 pounds is reached, close valve No. 3 tight.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 37. Pressure regulator, spring-type.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 38. Pressure regulator, dome-type, showing needle
+valves and wrenches.]
+
+    (_d_) Close pressure-tank valve.
+
+    (_e_) When gage indicates zero, close needle valve No. 1 tight.
+
+  (11) Open pressure-tank valve and press the fuel valve to observe the
+  pressure with the weapon operating.
+
+  (12) After final adjustment:
+
+    (_a_) Close the pressure-tank valve.
+
+    (_b_) Open the fuel valve and release the pressure from the fuel
+    tanks.
+
+    (_c_) Remove the pressure gage and plug from the fuel tank.
+
+    (_d_) Install filling plug.
+
+    (_e_) Tighten filling plug with wrench.
+
+    (_f_) If regulator is spring-type, replace its protective cap.
+
+
+68. FUEL-TANK ASSEMBLY.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Figs 4, 5, and 39) The fuel-tank
+assembly includes:
+
+  (1) _Fuel tanks._ Two alloy steel fuel tanks hold the fuel before it
+  is propelled to the target. They have a combined capacity, including
+  void, of 4-1/2 gallons. A void of approximately 1/2 gallon is left
+  in tanks when filling to allow for expansion and to permit entry of
+  the compressed nitrogen or air. To speed filling and cleaning of
+  the tanks, two openings are provided on top of the fuel tanks. The
+  openings are threaded to receive the filling-plug assembly and the
+  safety-head plug assembly, which are interchangeable in the openings.
+  Filling operations involve the use of auxiliary equipment and are
+  described in Paragraphs 34 through 40. The carrier and the pressure
+  system are supported on the fuel tanks.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 39. Fuel system of tank group and related parts
+disassembled, showing nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock
+numbers for requisitioning spare parts.]
+
+  (2) _Tank connector._ This open passageway between the fuel tanks
+  makes them, in effect, a single container. The location of the
+  tank connector and its large diameter permit easy flow of fuel and
+  pressure between the two tanks.
+
+  (3) _Hose connector._ The hose connector is the outlet for fuel
+  from the fuel tanks. It is located so that nearly all the fuel is
+  propelled from the weapon if firing positions are correct. (Par 24)
+  One end is welded to an opening in the tank connector. The other end
+  is threaded into the tank coupling.
+
+  (4) _Frame clamp._ This small metal clamp, with bolt, nut, and
+  washer, holds the hose connector to the carrier frame.
+
+  (5) _Diffusion-pipe assembly._ This T-shaped tubing carries
+  compressed air or nitrogen from the pressure regulator to each of the
+  fuel tanks. A flared tube connection and elbow connect the stem of
+  the T to the pressure regulator. The horizontal tubes of the T extend
+  into the fuel tanks and are welded to the fuel tank walls. Within the
+  fuel tanks these tubes are perforated with holes which permit ready
+  escape of the compressed nitrogen or air into the fuel tanks when the
+  pressure-tank valve is open.
+
+_b. Removal and installation._ The tank connector, hose connector,
+diffusion-pipe assembly, and the two fuel tanks are welded together and
+cannot be disassembled from each other. No attempt should be made to
+remove any of these parts or assemblies.
+
+_c. Maintenance._ Other than cleaning (Pars 51 _d_ and 55 _e_),
+repainting, and tightening of threaded joints, no repairs will be
+attempted by the first or second echelon on the fuel tanks, tank and
+hose connectors, or diffusion-pipe assembly. Emergency repairs may be
+made only by the third or fourth echelon. No attempt should be made to
+weld or patch any part of the fuel tanks.
+
+
+69. FILLING AND SAFETY-HEAD PLUG ASSEMBLIES.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._
+
+  (1) _Filling-plug assembly._ (Fig 39) This assembly fits into the
+  1-3/8-inch threaded opening at the top of either one of the fuel
+  tanks. It permits filling and cleaning of the tanks, and seals the
+  opening when the tank is not being filled or cleaned. The assembly
+  includes the filling plug proper and a plug-retainer assembly. The
+  latter is a metal rod which hangs from the plug on a metal chain. The
+  rod and chain prevent accidental loss of the plug.
+
+  (2) _Safety-head plug assembly._ (Figs 39 and 40) This assembly is
+  screwed into the threaded opening on top of either fuel tank. It
+  serves the same functions as the filling-plug assembly and moreover
+  protects the firer and other personnel. It includes:
+
+    (_a_) _Safety-head plug._ This plug is similar to the filling plug
+    except for the threaded hole which receives the safety head.
+
+    (_b_) _Safety head._ This metal head screws into the safety-head
+    plug. It includes a soft metal diaphragm which bursts when the
+    pressure in the fuel tanks exceeds 500 pounds per square inch. It
+    prevents the building up of dangerous pressures in the fuel tanks.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 40. Safety-head plug assembly (cross section).]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 41. Unscrewing safety head from safety-head plug,
+using wrench.]
+
+    (_c_) _Deflector tube._ This short, curved piece of 1/8-inch pipe
+    deflects fuel and pressure away from the firer if the safety head
+    bursts. A lock nut holds the tube in position. (Par 12 _j_)
+
+    (_d_) _Plug-retainer assembly._ This assembly consists of a metal
+    rod and chain which hang from the plug and prevent accidental loss
+    of the plug when filling or inspecting.
+
+_b. Removal of plugs._
+
+  (1) Before removing the filling plug, the safety-head plug, or an
+  unbroken safety head, operate the fuel valve until any pressure which
+  may have accumulated in the fuel tanks is eliminated. If the coupling
+  plug is in the tank coupling, very slightly loosen the threads of
+  either the filling plug or the safety-head plug, using the 1-3/4-inch
+  wrench, to eliminate pressure in the fuel tanks. Keep face and eyes
+  away from the threads.
+
+  (2) The plug-retainer assemblies should not be lifted completely out
+  of the tanks unless required.
+
+  (3) If either the rod or the rod and chain breaks from one of the
+  plugs and falls into the tank, upend the tank group to permit removal
+  of the parts.
+
+  (4) To replace burst safety head, unscrew lock nut and deflector
+  tube. (Fig 11) Using wrench (Fig 41), unscrew safety head. Never
+  disassemble the safety head.
+
+_c. Installation of plugs._ The filling plug, safety-head plug, and
+safety head are screwed in by hand and then tightened with wrenches. No
+substitution will be made for the safety head, which is manufactured
+to burst at the safe limit of pressure. The plug threads and seats
+should be cleaned with a cloth (Fig 29) before installing plugs. Screw
+in deflector tube, using hand pressure. The tube outlet should face to
+the rear and at a 45-degree angle to operator’s left shoulder. (Fig 18)
+Replace lock nut and tighten with wrench. (Use wrench on lock nut, not
+on deflector tube.)
+
+_d. Maintenance of plugs._ Replace safety head if damaged or blown.
+Never repair safety head or use an improvised head.
+
+
+70. TANK COUPLING.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ This quick-connecting coupling (Fig
+42) connects and locks the fuel hose or the coupling plug to the tank
+group. The coupling cams, lock, and washer provide a secure and tight
+joint. The tank coupling makes possible rapid replacement of emptied
+tank groups with filled and charged tank groups in the field. No tools
+are needed for this operation.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 42. Tank coupling and end of fuel-hose assembly.]
+
+_b. Removal._
+
+  (1) To remove the tank coupling from the hose connector, apply a
+  wrench and unscrew.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 43. Closing cams of tank coupling to connect gun and
+tank group. This is done before locking. (See below.)]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 44. Closing lock of tank coupling to secure gun to
+tank group. This also provides a fuel-tight seal.]
+
+  (2) To disconnect the tank coupling from the fuel hose or the
+  coupling plug:
+
+    (_a_) Release pressure from fuel tanks by operating the fuel valve
+    or by opening very slightly the filling plug.
+
+    (_b_) Using hands, pivot the coupling lock back on the coupling
+    body.
+
+    (_c_) Using hands, pivot the two coupling cams back on the coupling.
+
+    (_d_) Slide out the fuel hose or the tank coupling.
+
+    (_e_) If coupling washer is to be removed, pry out with a screw
+    driver.
+
+_c. Installation of tank coupling._ Proceed as follows:
+
+  (1) If coupling washer has been removed, replace.
+
+  (2) Insert coupling plug or hose nipple, tank end, in the coupling as
+  far as it will reach. Close the two cams. (Fig 43)
+
+[Illustration: Fig 45. Coupling plug in place in tank coupling. This
+arrangement is used when fuel tanks are brought back for filling with
+gun detached.]
+
+  (3) Close the coupling lock (Fig 44), being sure to push it all the
+  way, until it covers the ends of both cams. (Figure 45 shows coupling
+  lock correctly locked on coupling plug.)
+
+  (4) If the tank coupling has been removed from the hose connector,
+  screw it on hand tight. Anti-seize compound should be applied lightly
+  to the threads to assure a tight joint. Use wrench to tighten the
+  coupling until it is in the position shown in Figure 34.
+
+_d. Maintenance of tank coupling._ The coupling washer, made of
+synthetic rubber, should be inspected frequently. If it is damaged or
+swollen, remove it and replace. If the coupling leaks, inspect, and if
+necessary, remove and replace the washer.
+
+
+71. CARRIER.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 46) The tank group is securely
+carried on the firer’s back and chest by the carrier, which includes
+the metal carrier frame, the canvas carrier pack, webbing straps, and
+cord, all of which are parts of the tank group.
+
+  (1) _Carrier frame._ This lightweight, tubular-metal frame is bolted
+  to two pairs of brackets (upper and lower) on the fuel tanks. It is
+  also bolted to the hose connector by the frame clamp, which helps
+  support the connector. The frame is pierced by two parallel series of
+  holes, through which the cord (lashing) of the carrier is laced.
+
+  (2) _Carrier pack._ This is a sheet of heavy canvas, reinforced on
+  the tank side with strips of webbing. The smooth side of the carrier
+  pack rests against the firer’s back and cushions the back from
+  contact with the metal tanks. A series of eyelets is located on each
+  side of the pack.
+
+  (3) _Seine cord (lashing)._ The carrier pack is fastened to the
+  carrier frame by means of hard-braided cord which is laced through
+  the eyelets in the pack and the holes in the frame. The cord that
+  comes on the flame thrower stretches very little under load.
+
+  (4) _Straps._ The straps, made of wide cotton webbing, are
+  adjustable to fit the wearer. (Fig 18) They are provided with snap
+  release, hook-and-eye, and snap fasteners. The shoulder straps have
+  quick-release fasteners for rapid removal, if necessary, of the tank
+  group from the firer. The upper ends (steel loops) of the shoulder
+  straps are secured by pins to the steel support which connects the
+  two fuel tanks. Each of the pins is held in position by a split
+  cotter pin, which is inserted through a hole in the pin and is
+  then spread. The lower ends of the shoulder straps snap onto metal
+  loops at the bottom of the carrier frame. The upper body straps are
+  attached to metal loops on each side of the carrier frame. The lower
+  body straps are fastened to one of the lower two pairs of eyelets of
+  the carrier pack.
+
+_b. Removal of carrier._
+
+  (1) To remove carrier or carrier frame, use screw driver and
+  adjustable-end wrench to take off frame clamp, bolt, nut, and lock
+  washer. (Fig 34) Then remove two pairs of bolts, nuts, and lock
+  washers which hold the carrier frame to bottom and top of the fuel
+  tanks. Lift off the carrier.
+
+  (2) To remove body straps, unsnap ends and lift out of holes. To
+  remove shoulder straps, unsnap lower ends and remove from holes. Pull
+  out cotter pins, then pins, from upper ends of shoulder straps, and
+  lift out straps.
+
+  (3) To remove carrier pack, unknot and unlace cord.
+
+_c. Installation of carrier._
+
+  (1) To install carrier frame (or a complete carrier) place frame in
+  position adjacent to fuel tanks (Fig 46), insert bolts in holes,
+  place lock washers and nuts on bolts, and tighten with screw driver
+  and wrench. Replace frame clamp on fuel connector and frame. Insert
+  bolt in holes, place lock washer and nut on bolt. Tighten with screw
+  driver and wrench.
+
+  (2) If carrier pack has been removed, use cord to relash. Lace tight
+  and use slip-proof knots. (Fig 46)
+
+  (3) To install straps, snap ends of body straps and lower ends of
+  shoulder straps into positions shown in Figure 46. Place upper ends
+  (steel loops) of shoulder straps in steel support between fuel tanks.
+  Insert two pins through any two of the holes in the support and
+  through the shoulder strap loops. Insert cotter pins in holes in pins
+  and spread cotter pins to lock pins in place.
+
+_d. Adjustment of carrier._ Carrier must be carefully adjusted to fit
+the individual firer so the load will not shift during sudden, rapid
+changes of firer’s position. Adjustments are as follows:
+
+  (1) _Cord and carrier pack._ Cord must be tight at all times. The
+  cord furnished with the equipment has very little tendency to
+  stretch. However, pull cord tight when lacing and use slip-proof
+  knots at ends. Tighten cord periodically.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 46. Carrier assembled on tank group.]
+
+  (2) _Straps._ Adjust straps to fit each firer, moving slides on
+  straps as necessary. Straps must fit snugly to prevent shifting of
+  load and to keep tank group high on firer’s back. Lower body straps
+  may be fastened in second pair from the bottom of carrier eyelets to
+  conform to firer’s physique. Pins, which hold top ends of shoulder
+  straps to steel support between the fuel tanks, may be moved to any
+  two of the three holes so as to provide the best balance in the load.
+
+_e. Maintenance of carrier._ Keep carrier dry and clean. If flame
+thrower becomes wet or muddy, clean and dry carrier thoroughly. Store
+in a dry place. If rotted, mildewed, or damaged, replace affected
+parts. If cord frays or breaks, use special seine cord from service kit
+as replacement.
+
+
+
+
+Section XVII GUN GROUP
+
+
+72. GENERAL
+
+The gun group consists of the fuel-hose assembly and the gun. The gun
+includes the fuel valve, which controls the ejection of fuel, and the
+ignition head, which ignites the fuel.
+
+
+73. FUEL-HOSE ASSEMBLY.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 47) Hose, fuel, flame thrower,
+M1, assembly, provides a flexible connection between the fuel tanks and
+the gun.
+
+  (1) _Hose._ Made of synthetic rubber and reinforced with a cover of
+  metal wire and cotton braid, the hose resists the action of gasoline
+  and oil, and withstands a pressure of approximately 1,000 pounds per
+  square inch. Its inside diameter is 7/8 inch; its outside diameter is
+  approximately 1-1/4 inches.
+
+  (2) _Nipples._ The hose nipple, tank end, connects the hose to
+  the tank coupling on the tank group. The hose nipple, gun end, is
+  a threaded connector between the other end of the hose and the
+  fuel-valve body.
+
+_b. Removal of fuel-hose assembly._ Remove the hose from the gun only
+when necessary for maintenance. The threads in the fuel-valve body will
+be damaged by frequent screwing and unscrewing of the hose because the
+body is a lightweight aluminum casting. Fuel hose is replaced as a unit
+and is not disassembled in the second echelon. To disconnect from tank
+group, see Paragraph 70 _b_.
+
+_c. Installation of fuel-hose assembly._
+
+  (1) To install in tank group, see Paragraph 70 _c_.
+
+  (2) To install in gun, apply anti-seize compound (from service kit)
+  lightly to threads and screw hose in fuel-valve body by hand. Use
+  wrench only enough to make a secure connection.
+
+_d. Maintenance of fuel-hose assembly._ If the hose nipple, tank end,
+is badly nicked and does not provide a tight connection with a new
+coupling washer (Par 70):
+
+  (1) File the end surface, being careful to keep the surface at a
+  right angle to the sides of the nipple.
+
+  (2) Couple hose nipple, tank end, to tank coupling. If coupling
+  closes very easily, indicating washer is not being compressed,
+  replace the washer and recouple. If coupling still closes too freely,
+  the nipple has been filed too short, and the fuel-hose assembly
+  should be replaced as a unit.
+
+
+74. VALVE GRIP.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 47) The valve grip is part of
+the fuel valve. It includes the controls and is held by the firer in
+his right hand to support the gun group. Parts of the valve grip are:
+
+  (1) _Left and right valve grips._ A pistol-type grip is formed by two
+  aluminum housings designated as the left valve grip and the right
+  valve grip. The two parts are held together by four screws and four
+  lock washers.
+
+  (2) _Grip support._ This aluminum housing is mounted above the left
+  and right valve grips and connected to them by two screws and lock
+  washers.
+
+  (3) _Valve lever._ This control is made to fit the fingers and is
+  mounted in front of and between the two parts of the valve grip. A
+  pin at the top of the lever fits into holes in left and right valve
+  grips and serves as a pivot, governing the movement of the lever.
+  When the lever and the grip safety are compressed simultaneously by
+  the operator, the valve is thereby opened and fuel is ejected from
+  the gun.
+
+  (4) _Grip safety._ This control is grasped by the hand simultaneously
+  with the valve lever. It is mounted back of and between left and
+  right valve grips. A pin at the base of the safety fits into holes
+  in the left and right valve grips and serves as a pivot in a manner
+  similar to the pin on the valve lever. The fuel cannot be discharged
+  unless both the valve lever and the grip safety are compressed
+  simultaneously.
+
+  (5) _Rocker arm._ The rocker arm, a boat-shaped metal part, is
+  mounted near its center on a pin. It is held in contact with the
+  valve lever by means of a valve-grip spring and spring pin. At its
+  top end, the rocker arm touches the yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm
+  assembly. When the valve lever and the grip safety are compressed,
+  the rocker arm pushes the valve diaphragm assembly forward.
+
+  (6) _Valve-grip spring._ When the firer’s hand releases the valve
+  grip, the valve-grip spring forces the valve lever, the grip safety,
+  and the rocker arm back to their normal, nonoperating positions.
+
+_b. Removal of valve grip._
+
+  (1) Unscrew the four screws and lock washers that hold the grip
+  support to the valve body. Remove the valve grip as a unit.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 47. Fuel valve (disassembled) and fuel hose,
+showing nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for
+requisitioning spare parts.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 48. Location of parts in right valve grip before
+covering them with left valve grip.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 49. Using screw driver to push long end of
+valve-grip spring into groove in grip safety.]
+
+  (2) To disassemble valve grip, remove screws and lock washers from
+  the grip. Lift off the left valve grip, exposing contents of grip.
+  Lift out the following parts: valve-grip spring, rocker arm, grip
+  safety, and valve lever.
+
+_c. Installing valve grip._
+
+  (1) Place grip safety, valve lever, and rocker arm in position in
+  right valve grip. (Fig 48) Be sure the shorter end of rocker arm is
+  at the top. Place grip spring over spring pin. Slip short end of grip
+  spring in groove of rocker arm. Place long end of grip spring on
+  outside of grip safety.
+
+  (2) Put left valve grip in place and insert the two lower lock
+  washers and screws. Tighten the two screws enough to hold parts in
+  place and still leave space for moving long end of spring into the
+  groove in grip safety. Push spring into groove with a screw driver.
+  (Fig 49)
+
+  (3) With spring in place, fully tighten the two screws with screw
+  driver.
+
+  (4) Place grip support in position, and insert the two upper lock
+  washers and screws. Tighten screws, using screw driver.
+
+  (5) Attach valve grip to valve body, using the four lock washers and
+  inserting the four screws through the grip support. Make sure that
+  the yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm assembly is in front of rocker
+  arm.
+
+_d. Maintenance of valve grip._ No maintenance is required for the
+valve grip other than replacement of worn or damaged parts, tightening
+of screws, cleaning, and lubrication. (Par 49)
+
+
+75. BARREL AND VALVE-BODY ASSEMBLY.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 47) This assembly is part of the
+fuel valve. It includes the barrel, valve body, and operating parts
+contained in the barrel and valve body. The assembly consists of:
+
+  (1) _Valve body_, an aluminum housing, located at the rear of the
+  gun and mounted on the grip support by means of four screws and lock
+  washers. The valve body has four large threaded openings. The lower
+  opening leads into the valve grip. The side opening, which forms a
+  Y with the main portion of the body, is connected to the fuel-hose
+  assembly. The front opening is screwed on the barrel. The rear
+  opening is closed by the spring retainer and plug.
+
+  (2) _Valve-diaphragm assembly_, which transmits and reverses the
+  movement imparted to it by the rocker arm of the valve grip. (Par 74
+  _a_) It also serves as a seal, keeping fuel from entering the valve
+  grip. The valve-diaphragm assembly includes:
+
+    (_a_) _Yoke shaft_, on which the rocker arm bears at the lower end
+    of the shaft.
+
+    (_b_) _Yoke_, a Y-shaped metal part which fits on the upper end of
+    the yoke shaft and is held to it by a steel pin. The yoke transmits
+    motion from the shaft to the yoke block, and is located within the
+    valve body when the valve is assembled.
+
+    (_c_) _Diaphragm_, a synthetic-rubber diaphragm held in a steel
+    sleeve, which fits snugly in the lower opening of the valve body.
+    The yoke shaft passes through the diaphragm.
+
+  (3) _Diaphragm support, washer, and cap_, which hold the
+  valve-diaphragm assembly in place in the valve body.
+
+  (4) _Spring retainer_, a brass, hollow bushing which screws into the
+  rear opening of the valve body, and which is threaded internally
+  to receive the plug. The retainer has a hexagonal head to take a
+  1-3/8-inch wrench. As its name implies, the retainer holds the valve
+  spring in position.
+
+  (5) _Plug_, a brass part, resembling a cap screw, which fits into
+  the spring retainer, closing off the rear end of the gun. It permits
+  adjustment of the needle (see _d_ below) without removing the valve
+  spring and spring retainer.
+
+  (6) _Valve spring_, a coil spring located in the valve body between
+  the spring retainer and the yoke block. The spring keeps the needle
+  seated in the nozzle until compression of the grip safety and valve
+  lever forces back the yoke block, spring, and needle.
+
+  (7) _Yoke block_, a steel piece, 1 inch long, which fits into the
+  arms of the yoke Y. It is secured by an internal thread to the valve
+  needle. Movement of the yoke in turn moves the yoke block and the
+  valve needle.
+
+  (8) _Lock nut_, on the valve-needle thread at the rear of the yoke
+  block, which locks the block on the needle.
+
+  (9) _Valve-needle_, a pointed rod, which extends through the inside
+  of the barrel from the yoke block to the nozzle. The valve needle is
+  seated in the nozzle except when firing. It controls the ejection
+  of fuel from the nozzle. Two sets of three fins each, known as
+  needle guides, are mounted on the front and rear of the needle,
+  respectively. These guides keep the needle centered in the barrel.
+  The rear end of the valve needle is threaded to hold the yoke block
+  and permit adjustment of the needle by means of the lock nut which
+  screws on the threads. (See _d_ below.)
+
+  (10) _Barrel_ (Figs 47 and 54), which carries the fuel to the
+  ignition head. It also supports or contains other components of the
+  gun. The barrel assembly is replaced as a unit with the needle. It
+  consists of a tube, made of thin metal, with a threaded fitting at
+  the back end, and a nozzle brazed into the front end of the tube. The
+  nozzle ejects the fuel from the barrel through the ignition head. The
+  fuel emerges from two holes in the nozzle:
+
+    (_a_) _Atomizer hole_, a small opening which sprays a fine, readily
+    ignited mist of fuel. This helps ignite the main stream of fuel.
+
+    (_b_) _Main hole_, which is tapered inside, and which conveys the
+    main stream of fuel from the barrel. When the gun is not being
+    fired, the valve needle is seated in the main hole of the nozzle.
+    When the gun is being fired, the needle is withdrawn from the
+    nozzle seat, permitting the fuel to be forced from the gun.
+
+_b. Removal of barrel and valve-body assembly._ If gun group and
+tank group are connected, release any pressure in the fuel tanks by
+compressing the valve lever and the grip safety. Then disassemble as
+follows:
+
+  (1) Unscrew the fuel-hose assembly from the fuel-valve body only if
+  this is necessary for maintenance.
+
+  (2) Remove spring retainer and plug from end of fuel-valve body and
+  remove valve spring.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 50. Valve needle, yoke block, and lock nut ready for
+installation in fuel-valve body.]
+
+  (3) Unscrew diaphragm cap and pull out washer, support, and
+  valve-diaphragm assembly. To prevent loss of valve-needle adjustment
+  (Fig 54), do not disturb position of yoke block by turning the needle.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 51. Placing diaphragm assembly in position in
+fuel-valve body.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 52. Installing parts in fuel-valve body.]
+
+  (4) Slide the valve needle out of barrel; the yoke block and the lock
+  nut may then be unscrewed from the valve needle, but adjustment (see
+  _d_ below) will be necessary when reinstalling.
+
+_c. Installation of barrel and valve-body assembly._
+
+  (1) To install valve needle, screw the yoke block and lock nut on the
+  needle (Fig 50). Insert needle in valve body and barrel.
+
+  (2) Insert valve-diaphragm assembly into valve body (Fig 51), making
+  sure that the yoke slips into the flat notches of yoke block.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 53. Installing spring retainer in fuel-valve body.]
+
+  (3) Slip the diaphragm support, washer, and cap over the yoke shaft.
+  (Fig 52) Screw on the diaphragm cap by hand. Do not use a wrench.
+  Install valve grip. (Par 74 _c_)
+
+  (4) Place valve spring over end of needle and install spring
+  retainer. (Fig 53) Apply wrench very lightly to tighten spring
+  retainer.
+
+  (5) Adjust needle (see _d_ below), and screw plug into the spring
+  retainer.
+
+  (6) If hose has been removed, apply anti-seize compound lightly
+  to the threads. Screw hose into fuel-valve body. Wrench should be
+  applied very lightly to tighten.
+
+_d. Adjustment of valve needle._ Needle is adjusted after installation
+of parts in barrel and valve assembly. Use care when resetting needle,
+as smooth operation of the weapon depends on accurate adjustment.
+
+  (1) Remove ignition shield (Par 18) and plug from gun.
+
+  (2) Use the valve-adjusting wrench (Fig 8) to hold the lock nut and
+  apply a cabinet (narrow-bladed) screw driver (Fig 8) in the end of
+  the needle. Turn needle until it makes a snug fit in the nozzle
+  opening.
+
+  (3) Compress the valve lever and grip safety. The needle should draw
+  back into the nozzle with the tip of the needle at the smallest
+  diameter opening in the nozzle. (Fig 54)
+
+  (4) When the needle has been correctly adjusted, as in (3) above,
+  tighten the lock nut with the valve-adjusting wrench, keeping the
+  needle from turning with the screw driver. This will lock the
+  adjustment. Screw plug into the spring retainer.
+
+  (5) Replace ignition shield. (Par 18)
+
+_e. Maintenance of barrel and valve body._
+
+[Illustration: Fig 54. Valve-needle adjustment. Solid lines show needle
+in correct open position with point at smallest diameter of nozzle.
+Broken lines show needle in closed position.]
+
+  (1) _Damaged parts._ Replace worn or damaged parts. If the diaphragm
+  shows evidence of tears or separation, or if leaks occur at the
+  diaphragm, replace the valve-diaphragm assembly.
+
+  (2) _Valve spring._ If valve spring has lost resiliency, grasp it by
+  the ends and stretch slightly, or replace.
+
+  (3) _Nozzle leaks._ If valve leaks at nozzle, and cleaning (Par 55
+  _d_) does not remedy the leak, adjust needle (see _d_ above). If
+  leak persists, either replace barrel and needle, or lap seat. To
+  lap, place lapping compound on seat (in nozzle) and on needle point.
+  Turn needle in seat until parts make a tight connection when seated.
+  Remove lapping compound, reassemble, adjust needle, and test fire.
+
+  (4) _Atomizer hole._ If atomizer hole is clogged, clean with fine
+  wire. (Par 52 _i_)
+
+
+76. IGNITION HEAD.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 55) The ignition head ignites
+the fuel when the flame thrower is fired. It is mounted on the fore
+part of the barrel. It consists of:
+
+  (1) _Ignition-head body_, which includes half of the front grip.
+  Three set screws serve to tighten the ignition-head body to the
+  barrel. The ignition-head body is made of aluminum.
+
+  (2) _Trigger and trigger bearing_, held between the ignition-head
+  body and the coverplate by the trigger screw.
+
+  (3) _Trigger rod_, one end of which is held in the trigger bearing,
+  the other extending through the ignition-head body. Pulling the
+  trigger shoves the trigger rod forward, causing it to push a match in
+  the ignition cylinder. The match ignites an incendiary charge in the
+  ignition cylinder.
+
+  (4) _Trigger spring_, which hooks over a projection of the trigger
+  and is held at its lower end by a screw, which is held in the
+  ignition-head body. This spring pulls the trigger rod back from the
+  firing position after the firer releases the trigger.
+
+  (5) _Latch_, located in the ignition-head body, in front of and above
+  the trigger guard. The latch, set on a pin, engages the notch of the
+  ignition shield, locking it in place. A latch spring holds latch in
+  position.
+
+  (6) _Coverplate_, an aluminum casting which constitutes the left
+  section of the front grip and covers the working parts seated in the
+  ignition head body. The coverplate and body are held together by four
+  screws and four lock washers.
+
+  (7) _Spring case_, which turns the ignition cylinder when the trigger
+  is pulled.
+
+    (_a_) Four projections on the inner spring case are bent over the
+    outer spring case to hold the two parts together.
+
+    (_b_) The inner-case pin (Fig 56) engages a stop on the inside of
+    the ignition cylinder. The five projecting metal matches on the
+    inside of the ignition cylinder are each in turn stopped by the lug
+    on the forward-facing surface of the ignition-head body.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 55. Ignition head disassembled, showing nomenclature
+and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for requisitioning spare
+parts.]
+
+    When the trigger is pulled, the trigger rod pushes a match forward,
+    causing an incendiary charge in the ignition cylinder to ignite.
+    The spring in the case rotates the ignition cylinder until another
+    match is stopped by the lug.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 56. Parts of ignition head and ignition cylinder.]
+
+    (_c_) The outer-case pin (on the outside surface of the outer
+    spring case) fits into the notch in the ignition shield and holds
+    the spring case as the shield is screwed into position. This action
+    winds the spring in the case.
+
+    (_d_) A snap ring holds the spring case on the ignition-head body.
+
+  (8) _Ignition shield_, a cylindrical, thin-metal tube with a conical
+  front end. The shield guides the flame and protects the firer. Eight
+  holes around the base of the cone provide an air intake for burning
+  the fuel. The base of the shield is threaded, and it screws onto
+  the ignition-head body. A notch (Fig 56) in the base of the shield
+  receives the latch and the outer-case pin of the spring case.
+
+_b. Removal of ignition head._ To remove the ignition head, proceed as
+follows:
+
+  (1) Remove shield by lifting latch and unscrewing shield
+  counterclockwise. (Fig 14) Keep hands and face away from front of
+  barrel.
+
+  (2) If ignition cylinder has not been removed, remove it or allow it
+  to fall off barrel.
+
+  (3) Pry off snap ring which holds spring case in position, using
+  screw driver. (Fig 57) Be careful not to damage or break the
+  ignition-head body by applying too much leverage.
+
+  (4) Remove the four screws and lock washers which hold ignition-head
+  body and coverplate together. Lift off coverplate.
+
+  (5) Trigger, trigger spring, trigger rod, latch, and latch spring may
+  be removed.
+
+  (6) Using a hex wrench, loosen set screws (Fig 58) and withdraw
+  barrel from ignition head.
+
+_c. Installation of ignition head._ To install ignition head, proceed
+as follows:
+
+  (1) Insert barrel in ignition-head body, pushing it as far forward as
+  the shoulder on the barrel permits.
+
+  (2) Aline front grip and valve grip.
+
+  (3) Using hex wrench, tighten set screws on barrel enough to hold but
+  not so tight that barrel is dented.
+
+  (4) Place latch, latch spring, trigger and bearing, trigger rod, and
+  trigger spring in position.
+
+  (5) Put coverplate on ignition-head body and replace the four lock
+  washers and screws.
+
+  (6) Slip spring case over barrel, and lock by forcing snap ring into
+  the groove.
+
+  (7) When weapon is to be used on a mission, fit ignition cylinder
+  and ignition shield in place on nozzle end of barrel as described in
+  Paragraph 18.
+
+_d. Maintenance of ignition head._
+
+  (1) _Servicing._ The ignition head should be cleaned and lubricated
+  each time it is disassembled. (Par 49)
+
+  (2) _Spring-case assembly._ If outer case rotates and inner case does
+  not, and no spring action occurs, spring is broken and spring case
+  should be replaced as a unit. Do not disassemble or repair this part.
+
+  (3) _Trigger rod and lug._ When trigger is pulled all the way, end
+  of trigger rod should extend 1/16 inch beyond lug on forward-facing
+  surface of ignition-head body. If end of trigger rod is worn, replace
+  rod. Lug on the ignition-head body should be approximately 7/32 inch
+  high. If lug is worn or broken, replace ignition head body.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 57. Prying snap ring from ignition head to remove
+spring case.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 58. Loosening set screws with wrench so ignition
+head may be lifted off barrel.]
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX
+
+
+
+
+Section XVIII SHIPMENT
+AND STORAGE
+
+
+77. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE.
+
+The flame thrower is shipped and stored in a wooden packing case (Fig
+59), which measures approximately 34 inches by 23 inches by 19 inches.
+Cubage of the case is approximately 8-1/2 cubic feet.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 59. Opened packing chest showing flame thrower and
+other contents as received.]
+
+_a. Storage procedure._ After use and servicing (Pars 55 and 56), if
+the weapon is not to be promptly reused on another mission, it should
+be returned to the packing case. Before disconnecting the gun group
+from the tank group and storing the weapon, the ignition cylinder
+should be removed, the fuel discharged, and the pressure released.
+Operate fuel valve to release any residual pressure in the fuel tanks.
+The deflector tube must be removed from the safety head (Fig 11) to
+permit the tank group to fit into the chest. The deflector tube should
+be kept in the spare parts kit or tool kit until the next use of the
+weapon. The spare parts kit, the tool kit, the extra cans of cylinders,
+TM 3-376A, and the coupling plug (Fig 7) should remain in the chest
+except when they are being used. Wooden fittings hold the tank group in
+place, with the pressure tank up. The gun group is disconnected from
+the tank group and is kept with fuel hose connected to the gun on the
+gun mounting board in the chest. (Fig 10)
+
+_b. Rust prevention._ If the flame thrower, parts, and tools are to be
+stored for a considerable length of time, especially in a damp climate,
+all exposed metal surfaces should be covered with a rust-preventive
+compound. Store in a dry place.
+
+
+
+
+Section XIX LIST OF REFERENCES
+
+
+78. REFERENCES.
+
+References pertaining to the care and use of flame throwers include:
+
+  AR 850-20  Precautions in Handling Gasoline
+
+  AR 850-60  Compressed Gas Cylinders; Safe Handling,
+               Storing, Shipping, Using
+
+  FM 31-50   Attack on a Fortified Position and Combat in
+               Towns
+
+  FM 100-5   Operations
+
+  TM 3-220   Decontamination
+
+  TM 9-850   Cleaning, Preserving, Lubricating, and Welding
+               Materials and Similar Items Issued by
+               the Ordnance Department
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+                                                     _Paragraphs_
+
+- A -
+
+  Adjustable-end wrench,                             10_a_, 48_a_
+
+  Adjustment of fire,                                   25, 26_c_
+
+  After firing,                                        30, 55, 56
+
+  After six missions,                                          56
+
+  Aging of fuel,                                            35_j_
+
+  Aiming,                                           25, 26_c_, 34
+
+  Air compressor,                             32_a_, 32_b_, 39_a_
+
+  Alcohol,                                                  35_a_
+
+  Angles of tanks when firing,                              24_b_
+
+  Anti-seize compound
+    source of,                                              48_b_
+    use of,                                   58_b_, 70_c_, 73_c_
+
+  Assistants,                                            4_f_, 15
+
+  Atomizer hole
+    cleaning,                                               52_i_
+    description,                                            75_a_
+
+
+- B -
+
+  Barrel
+    adjustment,                                      52_e_, 75_d_
+    cleaning,                                        55_d_, 55_i_
+    damage to,                                          62, 75_e_
+    description,                                            75_a_
+    maintenance,                                        62, 75_e_
+
+  Barrel and valve-body assembly,                              75
+
+  Bleeders,                                                 32_c_
+
+  Burning time of fuels,                                       34
+
+  Bursts,                               4_b_, 9_b_, 25_c_, 28, 29
+
+  Bushing, pipe, 3/4 inch by 1/2 inch,            8, 10_b_, 48_b_
+
+
+- C -
+
+  Cap, diaphragm,                                              75
+
+  Capacity, fuel,                                     9_e_, 68_a_
+
+  Carrier
+    adjustment,                                 19, 56_e_, 60, 71
+    description,                                      5_a_, 71_a_
+    installation,                                           71_c_
+    maintenance,                                            71_e_
+    preventive maintenance,                             51, 55_h_
+    removal,                                                71_b_
+
+  Carrier frame,                                               71
+
+  Carrier pack,                                                71
+
+  Carrying the flame thrower,        19, 20, 55_b_, 56_e_, 60, 71
+
+  Catalog,                                                  48_b_
+
+  Charging of pressure tank,           4_g_, 32, 33, 61_c_, 66_a_
+
+  Check valve
+    description,  66_a_
+    installation,  66_b_
+    operation,                                      31, 32, 53_d_
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+    replacement,                                            66_e_
+
+  Cleaning
+    gun,             49_a_, 55, 56_f_, 58_c_, 74_d_, 75_e_, 76_d_
+    tank group,                           55, 58_c_, 68_c_, 71_e_
+
+  Cold weather,                                 34-36, 44, 49, 64
+
+  Compound, anti-seize
+    source of,                                              48_b_
+    use of,                                   58_b_, 70_c_, 73_c_
+
+  Compound, pipe thread (anti-seize),  48_b_, 58_b_, 70_c_, 73_c_
+
+  Compressed air
+    charging apparatus,                         32, 33, 46, 48_b_
+    leaks,                                           56_b_, 61_c_
+    release of,                                             66_b_
+    volume required,                                  9_g_, 32_c_
+
+  Compressor, air,                                   32_a_, 32_b_
+
+  Controls,                                14, 21, 26, 61, 74, 76
+
+  Cord
+    description,                                            71_a_
+    installation,                                           71_c_
+    replacement,                                 48_b_, 60, 71_e_
+    tightening,                                  51_h_, 60, 71_d_
+
+  Cotter pins,                                                 71
+
+  Coupling plug,                      10_f_, 17, 39_c_, 48_b_, 70
+
+  Coupling washer,                 10_b_, 48_b_, 58_f_, 70, 73_d_
+
+  Coverplate,                                                  76
+
+  Cubage,                                                    9_d_
+
+  Crankcase drainings,                                         36
+
+  Cylinders
+    destruction,                                               46
+    number required,                                  9_g_, 32_b_
+    use of, in charging,                                   32, 33
+    use of, in filling,                                        39
+
+- D -
+
+  Dampness
+    effect on fuel,                                         35_e_
+    effect on ignition cylinder,                           31, 41
+    effect on thickener,                                    35_e_
+    effect on weapon,                     41, 51_g_, 71_e_, 77_b_
+
+  Deflector tube,                                12_j_, 69, 77_a_
+
+  Description of flame thrower,                          5, 65-76
+
+  Destruction
+    accessories,                                       46_b_, _d_
+    flame thrower,                                          46_a_
+    fuel,                                                   46_c_
+    ignition cylinders,                              30_a_, 46_f_
+    thickener,                                              46_e_
+
+  Diaphragm,                                                   75
+
+  Diaphragm cap,                                               75
+
+  Diaphragm support,                                           75
+
+  Diaphragm, valve, assembly,  10_b_, 48_b_, 56_e_, 58_a_, 74, 75
+
+  Diaphragm washer,                                            75
+
+  Diesel oil,                                          35, 36, 40
+
+  Differences in models,                                        7
+
+  Diffusion-pipe assembly,                                 67, 68
+
+  Dimensions,                                                9_d_
+
+  Discharge time,                                            9_b_
+
+  Dome-type regulator,                                      67_d_
+
+  Drums,                                                    35-40
+
+  Duration of fire,                                      9_b_, 34
+
+  Dust
+    blowing out,                                            33_j_
+    effect on operation,                                       42
+
+
+- E -
+
+  E1 ignition cylinders,                                18_a_, 31
+
+  E3 portable flame thrower,                                 7_a_
+
+  Engineers’ wrenches,                               10_a_, 48_a_
+
+
+- F -
+
+  Filling fuel tanks
+    by blowing,                                                39
+    by force pump,                                             38
+    by pouring,                                                37
+    service when filling,                                      53
+
+  Filling plug,                      37, 39, 49, 51_d_, 56_b_, 69
+
+  Filling with fuel,                                  4_g_, 34-40
+
+  Fire precautions,                                 15_c_, 40, 55
+
+  Firers,                                                4_f_, 15
+
+  Firing technique,                              26-30, 54, 56_b_
+
+  Flexible shaft, valve
+    adjustment,                                             66_d_
+    description,                                            66_a_
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+
+  Frame clamp,                                          68_a_, 71
+
+  Fuel
+    capacity,                                         9_e_, 68_a_
+    characteristics,                                           34
+    destruction,                                            46_c_
+    left in tanks,                                          24_b_
+    per 100 fillings,                                        9_g_
+    precautions,                                        35-40, 41
+    preparation,                                           35, 40
+    ranges,                                                    22
+    weight,                                                  9_c_
+
+  Fuel-filling hose,                                           39
+
+  Fuel-filling line,                                    39, 46_b_
+
+  Fuel hose
+    description,                                            70_a_
+    installation,                                70_c_, 73_c_, 75
+    length,                                                  9_d_
+    maintenance,                                 40_j_, 52, 73_d_
+    removal,                              40_j_, 70_b_, 73_b_, 75
+    replacement,                          5_b_, 48_b_, 58, 70, 73
+    stiffening of,                                             21
+
+  Fuel oils,                                           35, 36, 40
+
+  Fuel tanks
+    angle when firing,                                      24_b_
+    cleaning,                                        53_a_, 53_b_
+    description,                                      5_a_, 68_a_
+    fuel level,                                      53_b_, 68_a_
+    inspection,                                             53_a_
+    installation,                                           68_b_
+    maintenance,                                            68_c_
+    removal,                                                68_b_
+
+  Fuel valve
+    adjustment,                                             61_a_
+    cleaning,                                        56_f_, 61_d_
+    description,                               5_b_, 74_a_, 75_a_
+    effects of dirt,                                           42
+    failure to close,                                          62
+    installation,                             61_a_, 74_c_, 75_c_
+    leaks,                                                 56, 58
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    operation,                  14_c_, 26_b_, 61_a_, 74_a_, 75_a_
+    removal,                                         74_b_, 75_b_
+    testing,                                                56_c_
+
+  Funnel,                                                   35-37
+
+
+- G -
+
+  Gage, fuel-tank testing,                    48_b_, 56_b_, 67_d_
+
+  Gage, pressure testing,              48_b_, 53_d_, 56_b_, 67_d_
+
+  Gasoline, in fuels,                               34-40, 43, 44
+
+  Gloves,                                                   20_g_
+
+  Grease,                                                      49
+
+  Grip safety,                           14_c_, 49, 56_d_, 62, 74
+
+  Grip support,                                                74
+
+  Gun
+    assembling,                                             74-76
+    carrying,                                                  25
+    cleaning,            55_d_, 55_i_, 56_f_, 74_d_, 75_e_, 76_d_
+    description,                              5_b_, 14, 72, 74-76
+    disassembling,                                          74-76
+    length,                                                  9_d_
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    mounting board,                                         10_e_
+    preventive maintenance,                         50, 52, 54-56
+    requisitioning,                                          5_b_
+    storage,                                                12_g_
+
+  Gun group
+    assembling,                                             72-76
+    connecting to tank group,                          17, 70, 73
+    description,                                  5_b_, 14, 72-76
+    disassembly,                                            72-76
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    maintenance,                                            72-76
+    preventive maintenance,                         50, 52, 54-56
+    storage,                                                12_g_
+    weight,                                                  9_c_
+
+
+- H -
+
+  Heat, effect on fuel,                             34-36, 40, 43
+
+  Hex wrenches,                 10_a_, 48_a_, 67_d_, 76_b_, 76_c_
+
+  Hose connector,                                           68_a_
+
+  Hose, fuel
+    description,                                            73_a_
+    installation,                                70_c_, 73_c_, 75
+    length,                                                  9_d_
+    maintenance,                                     40_j_, 73_d_
+    removal,                              40_j_, 70_c_, 73_b_, 75
+    replacement,                          5_b_, 48_b_, 58, 70, 73
+    stiffening of,                                             21
+
+
+- I -
+
+  Identification,                                               6
+
+  Ignition action,                               14_b_, 44, 76_a_
+
+  Ignition cylinders
+    action,                                      14_b_, 31, 76_a_
+    description,                                        31, 76_a_
+    destruction,                                     30_a_, 46_f_
+    discarding,                                             30_a_
+    duration of fire,                                        9_b_
+    failure,                                        54_a_, 63, 64
+    loading of gun,                                     18, 76_a_
+    packing,                                            10_c_, 31
+    precautions,                                       18, 20, 31
+    storing,                                               31, 41
+    use in training,                          15_b_, 18_a_, 30_a_
+
+  Ignition failure,          18, 26, 31, 44, 54_a_, 63, 64, 76_d_
+
+  Ignition head
+    assembling,                                             76_c_
+    cleaning,                                49, 52, 54_a_, 76_d_
+    description,                                      5_b_, 76_a_
+    disassembling,                                      18, 76_b_
+    effects of dirt,                                       42, 52
+    failure,                                 54_a_, 63, 64, 76_d_
+    installation,                                           76_c_
+    loading,                                            18, 76_a_
+    lubrication,                                        49, 76_d_
+    maintenance,                                            76_d_
+    removal,                                                76_b_
+
+  Ignition-head body,                                          76
+
+  Ignition shield,                    18, 52_d_, 54_a_, 55_d_, 76
+
+  Immersion,                                      effects of,  41
+
+  Incendiary effects,                                   3, 34, 44
+
+  Interchanging with E3,                                     7_a_
+
+  Interchanging with M1 or M1A1,                          7_b_, 8
+
+
+- J -
+
+  Jungle ranges,                                               22
+
+
+- K -
+
+  Kerosene,                                      35_a_, 36_a_, 40
+
+  Kit
+    tool,                                               10, 77_a_
+    spare parts,                                        10, 77_a_
+    service,                                                   48
+
+
+- L -
+
+  Lapping needle and nozzle,                                75_e_
+
+  Latch,                                                       76
+
+  Leaded gasoline,                                          40_n_
+
+  Leaks
+    fuel,                             56, 58, 66_b_, 68-70, 73-75
+    pressure,               21, 51_b_, 53_d_, 56_b_, 61_c_, 66_b_
+
+  Left valve grip,                                             74
+
+  Line, fuel-filling,                                          39
+
+  Lines, charging and filling
+    destruction,                                               46
+    source,                                                 48_b_
+    use,                                                   32, 33
+
+  Liquid fuels
+    aiming,                                                    25
+    characteristics,                                           34
+    filling,                                               37, 38
+    precautions,                                            36-40
+    preparation,                                           35, 40
+    ranges,                                                22, 34
+
+  Loading ignition cylinder,                            18, 76_a_
+
+  Lubrication,                                                 49
+
+
+- M -
+
+  Marking,                                               6, 18_a_
+
+  M1 and M1A1 portable flame throwers,                    7_b_, 8
+
+  Moisture
+    effect on fuel,                                         35_e_
+    effect on ignition cylinder,                           31, 41
+    effect on thickener,                                    35_e_
+    effect on weapon,                     41, 51_g_, 71_e_, 77_b_
+
+  Mounting board,                                           12_g_
+
+
+- N -
+
+  Needle
+    adjustment,                                      52_e_, 75_d_
+    cleaning,                                           52, 55_d_
+    description,                                            75_a_
+    installation,                                           75_c_
+    leaks,                                                     58
+    removal,                                                75_b_
+
+  Nitrogen
+    charging apparatus,                         32, 33, 46, 48_b_
+    leaks,                                           56_b_, 61_c_
+    release of,                                             66_b_
+    volume required,                                  9_g_, 32_c_
+
+  Nozzle
+    adjustment,                               52_e_, 56_b_, 75_d_
+    cleaning,                                           52, 55_d_
+    description,                                            75_a_
+    leaks,                                       56_b_, 58, 75_e_
+
+
+- O -
+
+  Oxygen, hazard from use,                                  32_c_
+
+
+- P -
+
+  Packing chest
+    cubage,                                                  9_d_
+    dimensions,                                              9_d_
+    opening,                                                   12
+    use of,                                                12, 30
+    weight,                                                  9_c_
+
+  Paddle,                                                  35, 36
+
+  Painting,                                         13, 41, 68_c_
+
+  Pins, (carrier)                                              71
+
+  Plug, coupling,                     10_f_, 17, 39_c_, 48_b_, 70
+
+  Plug, filling,                     37, 39, 49, 51_d_, 56_b_, 69
+
+  Plug-retainer assembly,                                      69
+
+  Plug, safety-head,                        37, 39, 49, 51_d_, 69
+
+  Plug, testing,                                     56_b_, 67_d_
+
+  Point-blank range,                                           22
+
+  Positions, firing,                                           24
+
+  Precautions
+    in training,                                               15
+    when charging,                                             33
+    when filling with fuel,                                 37-40
+    when firing,                                     22_a_, 24_d_
+    when preparing fuel,                               35, 36, 40
+    when servicing,                                            57
+    with cylinder,                                     18, 31, 57
+    with gun,                                                  20
+
+  Pressure
+    charging,                                              32, 33
+    charging apparatus,                         32, 33, 46, 48_b_
+    lack of,                                            56_b_, 61
+    leaks,                                           56_b_, 61_c_
+    pounds of,                                    9_f_, 32, 56_b_
+    release of,                                             66_b_
+    testing for,                                     53_d_, 56_b_
+
+  Pressure regulator
+    adjustment,                                  56_b_, 59, 67_d_
+    description,                                      5_a_, 67_a_
+    effects of dirt,                                           42
+    installation,                                    66_c_, 67_c_
+    removal,                                                67_b_
+    replacement,                             48_b_, 56_b_, 59, 67
+    testing,                                  56_b_, 61_b_, 67_d_
+
+  Pressure tank
+    charging,                                              32, 33
+    description,                                      5_a_, 66_a_
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+    replacement,                                      4_g_, 48_b_
+
+  Pressure tank and valve assembly
+    adjustment,                                             66_d_
+    description,                                      5_a_, 66_a_
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    maintenance,                                            66_e_
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+    testing for leaks,                                      53_d_
+
+  Pressure-tank clamp
+    description,                                            66_a_
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+    repair,                                                 51_e_
+
+  Pressure-tank valve
+    description,                                      5_a_, 66_a_
+    effects of dirt,                                           42
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    operation,                            14_a_, 21, 55_g_, 61_b_
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+    replacement,                                     48_b_, 66_e_
+    testing,                                         51_a_, 53_c_
+
+  Pressure-tank valve handle,                14_a_, 21, 48_b_, 66
+
+  Preventive maintenance services,                          50-56
+
+  Pump
+    force,                                                     38
+    air,                                                    39_a_
+
+
+- R -
+
+  Rain, effect on firing,                               41, 77_b_
+
+  Ranges,                       4_c_, 15_b_, 15_c_, 22, 61, 67_d_
+
+  Recoil,                                                   24_c_
+
+  Records,                                               2, 49_a_
+
+  References,                                            1_b_, 78
+
+  Regulator tube,                                          66, 67
+
+  Removal of tank group,                             55_b_, 66-71
+
+  Right valve grip,                                            74
+
+  Rocker arm,                                       49, 74, 75_a_
+
+
+- S -
+
+  Safety, grip,                                     14_c_, 62, 74
+
+  Safety-head plug,                             37, 39, 51_d_, 69
+
+  Safety head, replacement,    51_d_, 54_b_, 55_f_, 56_b_, 59, 69
+
+  Screening effect,                                         3, 34
+
+  Screw drivers,         10_a_, 48_a_, 52_f_, 74_c_, 75_d_, 76_b_
+
+  Seine cord
+    description,                                            71_a_
+    installation,                                           71_c_
+    replacement,                                 48_b_, 60, 71_e_
+    tightening,                                  51_h_, 60, 71_d_
+
+  Service kit,                                                 48
+
+  Service, on receipt of equipment,                        12, 13
+
+  Set-screw wrenches,           10_a_, 48_a_, 67_d_, 76_b_, 76_c_
+
+  Shield, ignition,                   18, 52_d_, 54_a_, 55_d_, 76
+
+  Shipment,                                                    77
+
+  Short range, causes of,                                      61
+
+  Sighting,                                                    25
+
+  Skids, use of,                                               24
+
+  Smoke,                                                    3, 34
+
+  Smoking,                                              15, 40_d_
+
+  Snap ring,                                                   76
+
+  Soaking the target,                                          29
+
+  Spare parts in service kit,                           48, 77_a_
+
+  Spare parts kit,                                          10_b_
+
+  Spray of fuel,                                            61_a_
+
+  Spring case
+    cleaning,                                        52_j_, 76_d_
+    description,                                               76
+    effects of dust,                                    42, 52_j_
+    general,                                    10_b_, 18, 31, 76
+    lubrication at,                              49, 52_j_, 76_d_
+    maintenance,                                            76_d_
+    replacement,                              48_b_, 63_b_, 76_d_
+
+  Spring retainer and plug,                             52_g_, 75
+
+  Spring, trigger,                                      63_d_, 76
+
+  Spring-type regulator,                                    67_d_
+
+  Spring, valve,                                               75
+
+  Spring, valve-grip,                                          74
+
+  Stem, pressure valve,                                     66_d_
+
+  Storage
+    charging lines,                                            42
+    cylinders,                                          33, 77_a_
+    filling lines,                                             42
+    flame thrower,                          12, 30_f_, 41, 42, 77
+    fuel,                                        35_j_, 36_i_, 40
+    ignition cylinders,                                        31
+
+  Straps, adjustment,                     19, 51_i_, 60_b_, 71_d_
+
+  Sun, exposure of flame thrower to,                       40, 43
+
+  Support, diaphragm,                                          75
+
+
+- T -
+
+  Tactics,                                                3, 4_e_
+
+  Tank connector,                                           68_a_
+
+  Tank coupling
+    cleaning,                                               70_d_
+    description,                                            70_a_
+    installation,                                           70_c_
+    leaks,                                              58, 70_d_
+    maintenance,                       51_c_, 70_c_, 70_d_, 73_d_
+    operation,                                      17, 70, 73_a_
+    removal,                                                70_b_
+    testing,                                                51_c_
+
+  Tank group
+    adjustment,                                             66-71
+    carrying,                                   19, 24, 55_b_, 71
+    connecting to gun,                               4_g_, 17, 70
+    description,                                      5_a_, 65-71
+    dimensions,                                              9_d_
+    interchanging,                                   4_g_, 17, 70
+    installation,                                           66-71
+    maintenance,                                            66-71
+    preventive maintenance,                         50, 51, 53-56
+    removal,                                         55_b_, 66-71
+    requisitioning,                                          5_a_
+    weight,                                                  9_c_
+
+  Targets,                                                  3, 25
+
+  Temperature, effects of,              34-36, 40, 43, 44, 49, 64
+
+  Test firing,                         12_k_, 35_k_, 36_h_, 56_b_
+
+  Thickened fuel
+    aiming,                                          25_c_, 26_c_
+    characteristics,                                           34
+    filling,                                                37-39
+    precautions,                                       35, 39, 40
+    preparation,                                           35, 40
+    ranges,                                                22, 34
+
+  Thickener
+    destruction,                                            46_e_
+    quantity,                                            9_g_, 35
+    storage,                                                   35
+    use,                                                       35
+
+  Time of discharge,                                         9_b_
+
+  Tool kit,                                          10_a_, 77_a_
+
+  Training,                                             15, 30_a_
+
+  Trigger,                           14_b_, 26_a_, 49, 52, 63, 76
+
+  Trigger rod
+    description,                                            76_a_
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    maintenance,                                     52_l_, 76_d_
+
+  Trigger screw,                                               76
+
+  Trigger spring,                                52_k_, 63_d_, 76
+
+
+- U -
+
+  Underbrush,                                               22_b_
+
+  Uses of flame throwers,                                       3
+
+
+- V -
+
+  Valve-adjusting wrench
+    source,                                                 48_a_
+    use,                                                    75_d_
+
+  Valve, pressure-tank,                                        75
+
+  Valve-diaphragm assembly,       10, 48_b_, 56_c_, 58_a_, 74, 75
+
+  Valve flexible shaft
+    adjustment,                                             66_d_
+    description,                                            66_a_
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+
+  Valve grip
+    action,                                          14_c_, 74_a_
+    description,                                            74_a_
+    effects of dirt,                                           42
+    installation,                                           74_c_
+    leaks,                                                  58_a_
+    lubrication,                                 49, 56_d_, 74_d_
+    maintenance,                                            74_d_
+    removal,                                                74_b_
+
+  Valve-grip spring,                                           74
+
+  Valve lever
+    description,                                            74_a_
+    installation,                                           74_c_
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    operation,                                   14_c_, 62, 74_a_
+    play,                                                   52_e_
+    removal,                                                74_b_
+
+  Valve needle
+    adjustment,                                      52_e_, 75_d_
+    cleaning,                                           52, 55_d_
+    description,                                            75_a_
+    installation,                                           75_c_
+    leaks,                                                     58
+    removal,                                         75_b_, 75_e_
+
+  Valve, fuel
+    adjustment,                                             61_a_
+    cleaning,                                        56_f_, 61_d_
+    description,                               5_b_, 74_a_, 75_a_
+    effects of dirt,                                           42
+    failure to close,                                          62
+    installation,                             61_a_, 74_c_, 75_c_
+    leaks,                                              56_c_, 58
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    operation,                  14_c_, 26_b_, 61_a_, 74_a_, 75_a_
+    removal,                                         74_c_, 75_c_
+    testing,                                                56_c_
+
+  Valve pressure-tank
+    description,                                      5_a_, 66_a_
+    effects of dirt,                                           42
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    operation,                            14_a_, 21, 55_g_, 61_b_
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+    replacement,                                     48_b_, 66_e_
+    testing,                                         51_a_, 53_c_
+
+  Valve spring,                                                75
+
+  Void in fuel tanks,                                53_b_, 68_a_
+
+
+- W -
+
+  Washer, coupling,                       10_b_, 48_b_, 70, 73_d_
+
+  Washer, diaphragm,                                           75
+
+  Water
+    and ignition cylinder,                                 31, 41
+    effect on fuel,                                         35_e_
+    effect on thickener,                                    35_e_
+    effect on weapon,                            41, 51_g_, 71_e_
+    use in testing,                                  56_b_, 67_d_
+    use in training,                                           15
+
+  Weights,                                             4_d_, 9_c_
+
+  Wind, effects of,                                        23, 45
+
+  Wrenches,                                   10_a_, 48_a_, 67_d_
+
+
+- Y -
+
+  Yoke,                                                        75
+
+  Yoke block,                                                  75
+
+  Yoke shaft,                                                  75
+
+
+
+
+_NOTES_
+
+
+
+
+  REPRODUCTION PLANT
+  CHEMICAL WARFARE SCHOOL
+  EDGEWOOD ARSENAL MD
+  1944
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of War Department Technical Manual TM
+3-376 A,, by War Department
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 53669 ***
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-<pre>

-

-The Project Gutenberg EBook of War Department Technical Manual TM 3-376 A,, by 

-War Department

-

-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most

-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions

-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of

-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at

-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have

-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.

-

-

-

-Title: War Department Technical Manual TM 3-376 A,

-       Portable Flame Thrower M2-2

-

-Author: War Department

-

-Release Date: December 5, 2016 [EBook #53669]

-

-Language: English

-

-Character set encoding: UTF-8

-

-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PORTABLE FLAME THROWER ***

-

-

-

-

-Produced by deaurider, Brian Wilcox and the Online

-Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This

-file was produced from images generously made available

-by The Internet Archive)

-

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-

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-

-</pre>

-

-

-<div class="transnote covernote">

-<p>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p>

-</div>

-

-<h1>

-<span class="smaller"><em>War Department Technical Manual<br />

-TM 3-376A</em></span><br />

-<br />PORTABLE<br />

-<br />FLAME THROWER<br />

-<br />M2-2</h1>

-

-<div class="figcenter">

-<img src="images/i_f01.jpg" width="100" height="99" alt="" />

-</div>

-

-<p class="center"><em>RESTRICTED</em></p>

-

-<div class="blockquote">

-<p class="noindent">DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER. The information contained in

-restricted documents and the essential characteristics of restricted

-material may be given to any person known to be in the service of the

-United States and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discretion who

-are cooperating in Government work, but will not be communicated to the

-public or to the press except by authorized military public relations

-agencies. (See also par. 18b, AR 380-5, 28 Sep 1942.)</p></div>

-

-

-<h2><span class="normal"><em>War Department - 16 May 1944</em><br />

-<em>Washington, D. C.</em></span></h2>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<p class="right">WAR DEPARTMENT,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />

-Washington, 25, D. C. 16 May 1944</p>

-

-<p>TM 3-376A, Portable Flame Thrower M2-2 is published for the information

-and guidance of all concerned.</p>

-

-<p class="padt1"><span class="add3em">[A. G. 300.7 (21 March 44)]</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1">By order of the Secretary of War:</p>

-

-<p class="right">G. C. MARSHALL,<br />

-<span class="u">Chief of Staff.</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent">Official:<br />

-<span class="add2em">J. A. ULIO,</span><br />

-<span class="add4em u">Major General</span>,<br />

-<span class="add6em u">The Adjutant General</span>.</p>

-

-<p class="noindent">Distribution:<br />

-R &amp; H (5); Bn 2, 7, 17 (2); C &amp; H 3 (5); IC &amp; H 5 (5); C 2, 7, 17 (2);

-X. ID: T/O &amp; E 72T, Light Div; 17, Armd Div; IR: T/O 5-192, Hq &amp; Hq Co,

-Engr Comb Gr; 5-171, Engr Comb Regt; IBn: T/O 5-15, Engr Comb Bn; 5-35,

-Engr Bn Sep; 5-175, Engr Bn, Comb Regt; 5-215, Armd Engr Bn; 5-475T,

-Engr Bn, Light Div; IC: T/O 5-16, Hq &amp; Hq &amp; Sv Co, Engr Combat Bn;

-5-17, Engr Comb Co; 5-192, Hq &amp; Hq Co, Engr Comb Gr; 5-36, Hq &amp; Hq &amp; Sv

-Co, Engr Bn (Sep); 5-37, Co, Engr Bn (Sep); 5-176, Hq &amp; Hq Det, Engr

-Bn, Engr Comb Regt; 5-216, Hq &amp; Hq Co, Armd Engr Bn; 5-217, Co, Armd

-Engr Bn; 5-476T, Hq &amp; Hq Co, Engr Bn, Light Div; 5477-T, Co, Engr Bn,

-Light Div.</p>

-

-<p class="noindent">(For explanation of symbols see Par 26, FM 21-6)</p>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1f" id="Page_1f">1</a></span></p>

-

-<h2 class="chapter" id="TECHNICAL_MANUAL"><span class="small">TECHNICAL MANUAL</span><br />

-<br />

-PORTABLE FLAME THROWER M2-2</h2>

-

-<p class="right">WAR DEPARTMENT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />

-<span class="smcap">Washington</span>, 25, D. C., 16 May 1945</p>

-

-<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Changes</span>}<br />

-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}</p>

-<p class="noindent">TM 3-376A, 16 May 1944, is changed as follows:<br />

-<b>10. ITEMS WITH EACH FLAME THROWER.</b></p>

-

-<p class="noindent center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>b. Kit, spare parts, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly

-B81-6-<b>190</b>.</em></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>g.</em> (Added). Army Service Forces Catalog CW 7-440114, Organizational

-Spare Parts and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons: for Flame Thrower,

-Portable, M2-2.</p>

-

-<p class="noindent"><a href="#Fig_8">Fig. 8</a>. Contents of tool kit:</p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<div class="blockquote">

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8">B. 1 Wrench, hex, * * * set screws, H22-49-12.</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><span class="add1em"><b>2 Wrench, hex, 5/32-inch across flats for 5/16-inch socket-head

-set screws, H22-49-140.</b></span></p></div>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent"><a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>. Contents of spare parts kit:</p>

-

-<div class="blockquote">

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8">F. (Added). 3 Tubes, deflector, A81-1-501. (See <a href="#Fig_39">fig. 39</a>.)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8">G. (Added). 3 Locknuts, pipe, hex, 1/8-inch, H98-5-382 (for use

-with deflector tube). (See <a href="#Fig_39">fig. 39</a>.)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8">H. (Added). 1 Support, diaphragm, A81-1-428. (See <a href="#Fig_47">fig. 47</a>.)</p></div>

-

-<p class="center padt1"><b>12. NEW EQUIPMENT.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>m.</em> (Added). New gun may be received with valve spring removed from

-barrel and valve assembly. Spring comes tied to barrel. This is done to

-prevent strain on valve diaphragm assembly caused by pressure of spring

-in gun during storage and shipment. When weapon is being prepared for

-operation, spring must be untied from barrel and installed in gun, as

-described in paragraph 75.</p>

-

-<p><em>n.</em> (Added). Pressure regulator may be shipped at zero adjustment to

-prevent possibility of strain on diaphragm during shipment and storage.

-A regulator shipped in this condition has a tag (tied to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2f" id="Page_2f">[2]</a></span>

-tank coupling) stating that the regulator is not set. When weapon is

-received in this condition, it must be adjusted as described in paragraph

-67 before it can be operated.</p>

-

-<div class="footnote">

-<p><span class="label">*</span>These changes supersede TB 3-376A-1, 19 October 1944.</p></div>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>15. TRAINING.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>b. Use of water in training.</em> Water may be used (instead of fuel)

-for elementary practice firing. Ignition cylinders are * * * piece,

-and lubricated (<a href="#PARA_49">Par. 49</a>). <b>Use of water, however, should always be

-supplemented by firing ignited fuel because water does not give a

-correct impression of stream and flame characteristics.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>17. CONNECTING TANK GROUP AND GUN GROUP.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>a.</em> Place the new * * * to 2 minutes. <b>Slight pressure sometimes

-builds up in the fuel tanks, even though the pressure-tank valve has

-not been opened, and causes some overflow of fuel when the coupling

-plug is removed. This pressure may be relieved by—</b></p>

-

-<p><b>(1) Standing the tank group upright.</b></p>

-

-<p><b>(2) Slightly opening filling plug on top of fuel tanks to

-bleed the pressure.</b></p>

-

-<p><b>(3) Closing the opening at filling plug and tightening it

-with wrench.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>18. LOADING WITH IGNITION CYLINDER.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>b. Precautions.</em> Care must be * * * front of gun. <b>Do not ignite the

-ignition cartridge until the weapon is to be fired at the target.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>30. AFTER FIRING.</b></p>

-

-<p>When the firer * * * mission, he should:</p>

-

-<p><em>a.</em> <b>First</b>, remove and discard the ignition cylinder, <b>as

-the ignition cylinder should never be present when blowing out fuel

-or after blowing out fuel except when preparing for a new mission. To

-remove cylinder, proceed</b> as follows:</p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>b.</em> Close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle clockwise

-(to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank) <b>only if additional

-shots are to be fired before refilling and recharging</b>.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3f" id="Page_3f">3</a></span></p>

-

-<p><em>c.</em> <b>If no additional shots are to be fired before refilling

-and recharging, open pressure-tank valve by turning handle

-counterclockwise.</b> Point the gun away from personnel and blow out

-the remaining fuel <b>and pressure</b>, if any, from the fuel tanks by

-squeezing the valve lever and grip safety until there is no further

-discharge. The trigger should not be used during this operation.

-<b>Then close the pressure-tank valve to prevent entrance of foreign

-matter into the pressure system.</b></p>

-

-<p><em>d.</em> (Superseded). Carefully remove tank group from the back. This may

-be done most easily by sitting or squatting with back to a tree stump,

-flat rock, packing box, or other object. Release the body and shoulder

-straps and ease tank group off the back. Avoid dropping equipment on

-the ground as this may damage it.</p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>31. IGNITION CYLINDER.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>c. Packing.</em> Ignition cylinders are * * * each flame thrower. Fifty

-cans (100 ignition cylinders) are contained in each <b>ignition

-cylinder</b> packing box. <b>Wooden packing box with contents weighs

-approximately 50 to 55 pounds. Outside dimensions of the box are

-approximately 16-1/4 inches by 14-3/4 inches by 10-1/4 inches. Cubage

-is 1-3/12 cubic feet.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>32. CHARGING PRESSURE TANK.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>b. Charging from air compressor.</em> Compressor, air, gasoline * * *

-cylinders as well. Instructions for use of the compressor will be found

-in <b>TM 3-377</b>.</p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent hangingindent1p8 small"><b>Figure 23.</b> Charging two pressure tanks, using charging and filling

-lines, and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen. <b>As many as four

-pressure tank and valve assemblies, on or off tank groups, can be

-charged at one time from cylinders coupled as shown in <a href="#Fig_24">figure 24</a>.</b>

-</p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>33. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PRESSURE-CHARGING.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>m.</em> (Added). Inspect carefully to be certain that no traces of

-grease, flame thrower fuel, oil, dirt, or other foreign matter are present

-in flame thrower pressure tanks, outlets of air compressor, connections,

-hose, or cylinders containing compressed air.</p>

-

-<p><em>n.</em> (Added). Hands and tools must be free of oil or grease when

-charging or servicing flame thrower pressure systems.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4f" id="Page_4f">4</a></span></p>

-

-<p><em>o.</em> (Added). Discharge any remaining compressed air in flame

-thrower pressure tanks before recharging.</p>

-

-<p><em>p.</em> (Added). If compressed air is to be used, and if any grease,

-oil, or flame thrower fuel is detected by sense of smell or sight

-within pressure tank and valve assemblies or cylinders, return tanks

-or cylinders for cleaning to the appropriate third-echelon maintenance

-agency of Chemical Warfare Service.</p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>35.1 PEPTIZED FUELS (Added).</b></p>

-

-<p><em>a. Characteristics.</em></p>

-

-<p>(1) Pour more readily than usual thickened

-fuels.</p>

-

-<p>(2) Give a larger diameter flame than thickened fuels.</p>

-

-<p>(3) Give longer effective ranges than liquid fuels.</p>

-

-<p>(4) Prepared more quickly in cool temperatures than thickened

-fuels.</p>

-

-<p><em>b. Preparation.</em></p>

-

-<p>(1) Open 5-1/4-pound can or cans of thickener.</p>

-

-<p>(2) Add 2 mess kit spoonfuls of water to each can of thickener. Stir

-until the water disappears in the thickener. It is not necessary to mix

-the water uniformly with all of the thickener.</p>

-

-<p>(3) Proceed at once as directed in paragraph 35. Avoid accidental

-addition of any water to the thickener or fuel other than that stated

-in (2) above.</p>

-

-<p>(4) Peptized fuels set a little more quickly than the usual thickened

-fuels, but their general appearance after setting is the same. After

-standing, however, peptized fuels spontaneously become thinner and

-may be poured without use of pressure. The time it takes for thinning

-to occur depends on the temperature of the fuel. At 75° Fahrenheit or

-higher, thinning occurs in approximately 1 to 2 hours. At temperatures

-below 60° Fahrenheit, thinning occurs several days after preparation of

-the peptized fuel.</p>

-

-<p>(5) If water has accidentally gotten into fuel before addition of

-the thickener, peptizing action takes place, but the results are

-unpredictable because the quantity of water added is not controlled.</p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>36. PREPARATION OF LIQUID FUELS.</b></p>

-

-<p><em>a. Choice of ingredients.</em> Thin fuels are * * * reaching the target.

-For this reason, liquid fuels should contain the lowest proportion of

-gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier fuels that permit easy

-ignition. In hot climates, * * * of great importance. <b>The gasoline

-used can be any U. S. grade of motor fuel or aviation gasoline.</b>

-Suitable blends are as follows:</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5f" id="Page_5f">5</a></span></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p>(3) (Added). By volume, 20 to 25 percent gasoline and 75 to 80

-percent light fuel oil.</p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>40.1 USE OF PACKBOARDS</b> (Added).</p>

-

-<p class="noindent">Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies (<a href="#PARA_66">par. 66.1</a>) make possible

-the use of packboards for transporting pressure tanks, 5-gallon

-cans of fuel, wrenches, and additional ignition cylinders close to the

-front line of combat to troops using flame throwers. As packboards

-are not manufactured specifically for servicing flame throwers, standard

-quartermaster-issue packboards are used. Packboard transportation

-is practicable only with pourable fuel. (Pourable fuels include

-some thickened fuels and all liquid fuels.)</p>

-

-<p><em>a.</em> The following is a suggested procedure for packboard transportation:</p>

-

-<p>(1) Lash all necessary filling and charging supplies for one flame

-thrower to packboard, using lashing rope and straps.</p>

-

-<p>(2) Tie one pressure tank and valve assembly to top of one flat 5-gallon

-fuel can so that flexible shaft and handle hang down parallel to

-one side of the fuel can.</p>

-

-<p>(3) Carry wrench with large enough opening to unscrew filling

-plugs from tops of fuel tanks and to tighten plugs after filling.</p>

-

-<p>(4) Carry extra ignition cylinders.</p>

-

-<p><em>b.</em> Return empty pressure tank and valve assembly along with empty

-fuel can and wrench on packboard to flame thrower servicing point.</p>

-

-<p><em>c.</em> If a supply of flame thrower tank groups is available, they may

-be preferred to the packboard method of transportation. Tank

-groups are easy to carry, and a filled and charged tank group can

-replace an emptied one as quickly as packboard method can be used to

-service flame thrower.</p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>48. SERVICE KIT.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>a. Tools.</em></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<div class="blockquote">

-<p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Screw driver, common, * * * blade diameter, H22-50-6.

-(<a href="#Fig_8">Fig. 8</a>.)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 Wrenches, hex, 5/32 inch across flats (for 5/16-inch socket-head

-set screws), H22-49-140. (See B, <a href="#Fig_8">fig. 8</a>.)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8">2 Wrenches, hex, * * * set screws), H22-49-91.</p></div>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6f" id="Page_6f">6</a></span></p>

-

-<p><em>b. Accessories and spare parts.</em></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<div class="blockquote">

-<p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Tank and valve, pressure, assembly <b>(less valve shaft assembly,

-B81-1-883) B81-1-879. (See <a href="#Fig_35p2">fig. 35.2</a>.)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Shaft, valve, assembly <b>B-81-1-883. (See <a href="#Fig_35p2">fig. 35.2</a>.)</b></p>

-

-<p class="noindent hangingindent1p8">2 Case, spring, assemblies B81-1-444. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig. 9</a>.)</p>

-</div>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<div class="blockquote"><p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Regulator, pressure, assembly <b>(Grove type) B81-1-778.

-(<a href="#Fig_35p2">Fig. 35.2</a>.)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Compound, anti-seize, white * * * 1/4-pound can, H99-3-12.</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8">2 Gages, pressure * * * assembly B81-6-90. (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig. 32</a>.)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Tubes, deflector, A81-1-501. (See <a href="#Fig_39">fig. 39</a>.)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Locknuts, pipe, hex, 1/8-inch, H98-5-382. (See <a href="#Fig_39">fig. 39</a>.)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 Supports, diaphragm, A81-1-428. (See <a href="#Fig_47">fig. 47</a>.)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Springs, R81-1-922 (for socket). (See <a href="#Fig_35p8">fig. 35.8</a>.)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Washers, backing, R81-1-924 (brass washer for socket).

-(See <a href="#Fig_35p8">fig. 35.8</a>.)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>12 Washers, B81-1-923 (synthetic rubber washer for

-socket). (See <a href="#Fig_35p8">fig. 35.8</a>.)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Caps, plug, B81-1-926 (with chain) (dust cap for plug).

-(See <a href="#Fig_35p3">fig. 35.3</a>.)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>12 Nuts, wing, A81-1-877. (See <a href="#Fig_35p4">fig. 35.4</a>.)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 Army Service Forces Catalogs CW 6-445115, Sets of Tools,

-Equipment, and Similar Material: Kit, service, for Portable

-Flame Thrower, M2-2.</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 Army Service Forces Catalogs CW 7-440114, Organizational

-Spare Parts and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons:

-for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2.</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 War Department Technical Manuals 3-376A, Portable

-Flame Thrower M2-2.</b></p></div>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>49. LUBRICATION.</b></p>

-

-<p><em>a. Gun group.</em></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p>(2) <em>Frequency of lubrication.</em> The surfaces of * * * lubricated

-before reassembly. <b>Do not soak or wash the spring case

-assembly in solvent because this may remove the grease

-which is factory packed in the spring case assembly. This

-grease cannot be replaced. To clean spring case assembly,

-wide outside surfaces with cloth saturated with solvent.</b></p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7f" id="Page_7f">7</a></span></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>53. SERVICE WHEN FILLING AND CHARGING.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>d. Testing for leaks in pressure system.</em> After charging and

-* * * to test pressure. (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig. 32</a>.) To install gage, unscrew

-check-valve cap, <b>moisten end of check valve with water or saliva</b>,

-and screw gage in check-valve body. <b>Use of water or saliva as

-lubricant prevents cutting of the rubber washer by the check

-valve.</b> If pressure has * * * and then retested.</p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>66. PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLY.</b></p>

-

-<p><em>a. Description and functioning.</em> The pressure tank * * * assembly

-(<a href="#Fig_33">Fig. 33</a>) includes:</p>

-

-<p>(1) <em>Pressure tank.</em> The pressure tank * * * the fuel tanks.

-<b>The pressure-tank clamp may be adjusted to different outside

-diameters of pressure tanks by means of a nut and screw

-tightening device (<a href="#Fig_35p1">fig. 35.1</a>) or by means of a stepped ring at

-end of clamp.</b></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p1">

-<img src="images/i_f09.jpg" width="600" height="365" alt="" />

-<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.1.</span> (Added.) Adjustable pressure tank clamp, showing use of nut and

-screw tightening device.</p></div>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>b. Removal.</em> (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig. 33</a>.)</p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p>(2) <em>Removal procedure.</em></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p>(<em>h</em>) (Added). To remove check valve, unscrew check valve cap and

-check valve body, using wrenches.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8f" id="Page_8f">8</a></span></p>

-

-<p><em>c. Installation.</em> (Figs. <a href="#Fig_33">33</a> and <a href="#Fig_39">39</a>.)</p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p>(7) (Added). To install check valve, apply thread compound

-lightly to threads of cheek valve body and screw into opening in pressure-tank

-valve. Tighten check valve body in position, using wrench.

-Screw check valve cap on check valve body and tighten with wrench.</p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>66.1 DETACHABLE PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLIES</b>

-(Added).</p>

-

-<p>Newly developed detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies provide

-an improved and speedier method of servicing M2-2 portable flame

-throwers in forward combat zones.</p>

-

-<p><em>a. Description and functioning.</em></p>

-

-<p>(1) Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies (figs. <a href="#Fig_35p2">35.2</a> and

-<a href="#Fig_35p3">35.3</a>) are used in modified flame throwers. They make it unnecessary to

-replace empty complete tank groups with filled and charged complete

-tank groups.</p>

-

-<p>(2) Replacement of complete tank group, however, may be preferred when

-an extra supply of tank groups is available, or if thickened fuel is

-too stringy and viscous to pour.</p>

-

-<p>(3) Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies can be attached only

-to flame throwers which include sockets (figs. <a href="#Fig_35p2">35.2</a> and <a href="#Fig_35p3">35.3</a>) and

-shortened regulator tubes. Flame throwers produced recently include

-this design modification.</p>

-

-<p>(4) A plug and cap (<a href="#Fig_35p3">fig. 35.3</a>) on detachable pressure tank and valve

-assembly replace tube elbow (<a href="#Fig_33">fig. 33</a>) used on nondetachable pressure

-tank and valve assembly.</p>

-

-<p><em>b. Removal.</em> Care must be taken to prevent damage to connections

-during removal and installation. The procedure for removal of pressure

-tank and valve assembly is as follows:</p>

-

-<p>(1) Close pressure-tank valve. Press valve lever and safety grip on gun

-to release all pressure from fuel system and gun.</p>

-

-<p>(2) Unscrew wing nut from valve flexible shaft. (See <a href="#Fig_35p4">fig. 35.4</a>.) Be

-careful not to misplace wing nut.</p>

-

-<p>(3) Pull clamp and shaft from stud which is welded on fuel tank.</p>

-

-<p>(4) With one hand under pressure tank, unclamp but do not fully open

-pressure-tank clamp.</p>

-

-<p>(5) Supporting pressure tank valve with top of right hand, push knurled

-socket in and away from pressure tank valve. Left hand may be placed

-at back of regulator tube so that tube does not bend away from socket.

-(See <a href="#Fig_35p5">fig. 35.5</a>.) Pull out pressure tank and valve assembly.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9f" id="Page_9f">9</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p2">

-<img src="images/i_f11.jpg" width="600" height="465" alt="" />

-<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.2.</span> (Added.) Pressure system

-disassembled, showing removable pressure tank and valve assembly,

-nomenclature, and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_f10" id="Page_f10">10</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p3">

-<img src="images/i_f12_1.jpg" width="600" height="488" alt="" />

-<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.3.</span> (Added.) Detachable pressure tank

-and valve assembly, connected to modified regulator tube assembly.</p></div>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p4">

-<img src="images/i_f12_2.jpg" width="600" height="391" alt="" />

-<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.4.</span> (Added.) Removing wing nut to free

-valve flexible shaft.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11f" id="Page_11f">11</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p5">

-<img src="images/i_f13.jpg" width="418" height="600" alt="" />

-<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.5.</span> (Added.) Pushing knurled socket

-away from pressure tank, permitting pressure tank and valve assembly to

-be removed from tank group.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12f" id="Page_12f">12</a></span></p>

-

-<p>(6) Put cap as far as it will go over opening of the plug. (See <a href="#Fig_35p6">fig.35.6</a>.)

-This prevents dust and other foreign matter from entering empty

-pressure tank.</p>

-

-<p>(7) Flame thrower is now ready to receive a charged pressure tank and

-valve assembly. (See <a href="#Fig_35p7">fig. 35.7</a>.)</p>

-

-<p><em>c. Installation.</em> To install a charged or replacement detachable

-pressure tank and valve assembly, proceed as follows:</p>

-

-<p>(1) Remove dust cap from plug of charged pressure tank and

-valve assembly. (Never open pressure-tank valve with cap on plug.)</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p6">

-<img src="images/i_f14.jpg" width="600" height="457" alt="" />

-<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.6.</span> (Added.) Pressure tank and valve

-assembly with dust cap over plug opening.</p></div>

-

-<p>(2) Support socket and tube with left hand and insert plug in socket

-with right hand. If tube is not supported, it is difficult to lock the

-plug in the socket and it is possible that tube may become bent. Press

-bottom of tank until plug snaps into socket. Test by attempting to pull

-tank and plug from socket. Plug must not pull out; if it does, insert

-again and press bottom of tank. Grasp knurled collar of socket and test

-for end play. If collar slides freely back and forth on socket, the

-connection is not tight and plug should be pressed in farther.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13f" id="Page_13f">13</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p7">

-<img src="images/i_f15.jpg" width="429" height="600" alt="" />

-<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.7.</span> (Added.) Tank group, ready to

-receive a charged pressure tank and valve assembly.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14f" id="Page_14f">14</a></span></p>

-

-<p>(3) Replace small clamp (valve-stem clamp) over stud projecting from

-fuel tank, and screw wing nut on stud to secure valve flexible shaft in

-place. Do not use wrench on wing nut.</p>

-

-<p><em>d. Maintenance.</em> Follow maintenance instructions given in paragraph

-<a href="#PARA_66">66</a>. In addition, if leaks occur and signs of wear are visible, carry

-out the following procedures:</p>

-

-<p>(1) <em>Worn washer.</em> Replace synthetic rubber washer by disassembling

-socket (<a href="#Fig_35p8">fig. 35.8</a>), prying out washer, placing new washer in position,

-and reassembling socket.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p8">

-<img src="images/i_f16.jpg" width="600" height="481" alt="" />

-<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.8.</span> (Added.) Cutaway view of socket

-and plug. Disassembly is permitted only as directed in paragraph 66.1.</p></div>

-

-<p>(2) <em>Damaged plug.</em> Repair damaged or nicked end of plug by filing plug

-end square and smooth. File off as little as possible. Test for leakage

-at socket by installing pressure tank and valve assembly, as in c

-above, and then opening pressure-tank valve. If leak persists at joint

-between socket and plug, replace plug by unscrewing old plug, screwing

-new plug in position, and tightening with wrench. Replace entire plug.

-Do not attempt to unscrew the cylindrical portion from the square

-portion.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15f" id="Page_15f">15</a></span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>67. PRESSURE REGULATOR.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>e. Maintenance</em> (Added).</p>

-

-<p>(1) <em>Spring type (Hoke) pressure regulator.</em> Except for adjustment to

-increase or decrease pressure, do not attempt to maintain or repair the

-spring type (Hoke) pressure regulator. If damaged or defective, it must

-be replaced by a dome type (Grove) pressure regulator.</p>

-

-<p>(2) <em>Dome type (Grove) pressure regulator (B81-1-778).</em> Replacement

-parts for maintaining the dome type (Grove) regulator are available for

-use by chemical maintenance companies, as shown in Army Service Forces

-Catalog CW 9-440114, List of All Service Parts and Higher Echelon Spare

-Parts for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2 (25 November 1944).</p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>74. VALVE GRIP.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>c. Installing valve grip.</em></p>

-

-<p>(1) Place grip safety * * * right valve grip. (<a href="#Fig_48">Fig. 48</a>.) <b>Do not

-accidentally place the lower forward extension of the grip safety

-over the lower rear extension of the valve lever. If this overlapping

-occurs, the small projection at the bottom of the grip safety may be

-broken off.</b> Be sure the * * * of grip safety.</p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>77. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE.</b></p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<p><em>c. Class of supply</em> (Added). The portable flame thrower is a class

-IV supply item.</p>

-

-<p class="noindent padt1"><b>78. REFERENCES.</b></p>

-

-<p class="noindent">Reference pertaining to * * * flame throwers include:</p>

-

-<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">

-*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>

-

-<div class="blockquote">

-<p class="hangingindent6">TM 9-850 Cleaning, Preserving, Lubricating * * * the

-Ordnance Department</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent6"><b>TM 3-377, Compressor, Air, Gasoline Engine-driven,

-7CFM, M1 (For Charging Flame Throwers

-and Cylinders)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent6"><b>TB CW 18, Kit, Fuel Filling, Flame Thrower, E6 (for filling

-mechanized and portable flame throwers)</b><a name="FNanchor_1" id="FNanchor_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent6"><b>TB CW 20, Cleaning Interiors of Compressed Gas Cylinders,

-Tanks, and Accessories</b><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent6"><b>TB ENG 39, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases</b><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a></p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16f" id="Page_16f">16</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="blockquote">

-

-<p class="hangingindent6"><b>ASF Catalog CW 7-440114, Organizational Spare Parts

-and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons: for

-Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2 (25 November

-1944)</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent6"><b>ASF Catalog CW 9-440114, List of all Service Parts and

-Higher Echelon Spare Parts for Flame

-Thrower, Portable, M2-2</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent6"><b>ASF Catalog CW 6-445115, Sets of Tools, Equipment, and

-Similar Material: Kit, Service, for Portable

-Flame Thrower, M2-2</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent6"><b>ASF Catalog CW 9-445115, List of all Parts and Higher

-Echelon Spare Parts for Kit, Service, for

-Portable Flame Thrower, M2-2</b></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent6"><b>FS 3-33, Portable Flame Thrower M2-2, Part 1, Nomenclature

-and Operation.</b></p></div>

-

-<div class="footnote">

-<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">*</span></a> Technical Bulletins are to be superseded by appropriate

-War Department manuals or changes to manuals.</p></div>

-

-<p class="noindent">[AG 300.7 (11 Apr 45)]<br />

-<span class="smcap add2em">By order of the Secretary of War</span>:</p>

-

-<p class="right">G. C. MARSHALL<br />

-<em>Chief of Staff</em></p>

-

-<p class="noindent">Official:<br />

-<span class="add2em">J. A. ULIO</span><br />

-<span class="add2em"><em>Major General</em></span><br />

-<span class="add2em"><em>The Adjutant General</em></span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Distribution</span>:</p>

-

-<div class="blockquote">

-<p class="hangingindent1">AAF (Cml O) (10); AGF (Cml O) (10); ASF (2); T of Opn

-(Cml O) (10); Arm &amp; Sv Bds (1); Def Comd (2); S Div ASF

-(1); Tech Sv (2) except CWS (45); SvC (Cml O) (4); PE

-(Attn: Cml O) (2); Sub-PE (Cml O) (2); PG (2); Ars 3 (2);

-ASF Dep (CW Sec) (2); ASF Dep (2); Dep 3 (2); Pro Dist 3

-(2); Tech Sv C (2); USMA (20); Tng C (2); A (2); CHQ

-(5); B (1); R (5); Bn 2 (2), 3 (5), 7, 17 (2); C 2 (2), 3 (5),

-7, 17 (2); AF (2); W (Cml O) (1); Five (5) copies to each

-of the following: T/O &amp; E 5-15; 5-16; 5-17; 5-35; 5-36; 5-37;

-5-171; 5-175; 5-176; 5-192; 5-215; 5-216; 5-217; 5-235; 5-236;

-5-238; 5-475T; 5-476T; 5-477T.</p>

-

-<p class="noindent">Refer to FM 21-6 for explanation of distribution formula.</p></div>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<h2 class="chapter" id="TABLE_OF_CONTENTS">TABLE OF CONTENTS</h2>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="toc">

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc" colspan="4">PART ONE</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">INTRODUCTION</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td class="tdc"><span class="u">Paragraph</span></td>

-<td class="tdc"><span class="u">Page</span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION I.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">GENERAL</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Scope</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_1">1</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Records</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_2">2</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION II.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">DESCRIPTION AND DATA</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Uses of flame throwers</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_3">3</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Characteristics and employment</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_4">4</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_4">4</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Description and functioning</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_5">5</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_6">6</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Identification information</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_6">6</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_9">9</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Differences in models</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_7">7</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_9">9</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Interchanging parts with M1 or M1A1 flame thrower</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_8">8</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; 9</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Data</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_9">9</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_9">9</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION III.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">TOOLS, PARTS, AND ACCESSORIES</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Items with each flame thrower</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_10">10</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">PART TWO</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION IV.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">GENERAL</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Scope</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_11">11</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_14">14</a>

-</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION V.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SERVICE UPON RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">New equipment</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Used equipment</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_13">13</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION VI.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">CONTROLS</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Controls</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_14">14</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION VII.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">OPERATION UNDER USUAL CONDITIONS</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Training</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Charging, filling, and servicing</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_16">16</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Connecting tank group and gun group</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_17">17</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Loading with ignition cylinder</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Carrying the tank group</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Carrying the gun</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_20">20</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Opening pressure-tank valve</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_21">21</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Ranges</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Wind deflection</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_23">23</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Firing positions</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_24">24</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Aiming</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Firing</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_26">26</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Ceasing or interrupting fire</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_27">27</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Additional bursts</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_28">28</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Soaking the target</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_29">29</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">After firing</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_30">30</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION VIII.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Ignition cylinder</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Charging pressure tank</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Precautions when pressure-charging</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Characteristics of fuels</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Preparation of thickened fuels</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Preparation of liquid fuels</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_36">36</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Filling by pouring</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Filling by force pump</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_38">38</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Filling by blowing</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Precautions with fuels</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION IX.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Wet conditions</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Dust and mud</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Heat</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_43">43</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Cold</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_44">44</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Wind</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_45">45</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION X.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">DEMOLITION TO PREVENT ENEMY USE</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Destruction procedure</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_46">46</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">PART THREE</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XI.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">GENERAL</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Scope</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_47">47</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XII.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Service kit</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_48">48</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XIII.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">LUBRICATION</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Lubrication</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XIV.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SERVICES</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">General</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Before-operation service of tank group</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_51">51</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Before-operation service of gun group</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_52">52</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Service when filling and charging</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_53">53</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_52">52</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Service when firing</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_54">54</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Service after firing</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_55">55</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Service after six firing missions</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_56">56</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XV.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">TROUBLE SHOOTING</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Precautions</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_57">57</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Fuel leaks</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Safety head “blows” (breaks)</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_59">59</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Carrier uncomfortable</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_60">60</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Short range</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_61">61</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Fuel-valve failure</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Failure of ignition cylinder to ignite</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_63">63</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Failure of fuel to ignite</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_64">64</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XVI.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">TANK GROUP</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">General</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_65">65</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Pressure tank and valve assembly</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Pressure regulator</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_67">67</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Fuel-tank assembly</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_68">68</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Filling and safety-head plug assemblies</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Tank coupling</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Carrier</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XVII.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">GUN GROUP</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">General</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_72">72</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Fuel-hose assembly</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_73">73</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Valve grip</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Barrel and valve-body assembly</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Ignition head</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">APPENDIX</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION&nbsp;XVIII.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SHIPMENT AND STORAGE</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">Shipment and storage</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_77">77</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_86">86</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XIX.</td>

-<td class="padt1 vertt">LIST OF REFERENCES</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-<td><p class="indent">References</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_78">78</a></td>

-<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_87">87</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4"><a href="#INDEX">INDEX</a></td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<div class="chapter">

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_1">

-<img src="images/i_f24.jpg" width="600" height="518" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 1. Portable flame thrower M2-2.</p></div></div>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">1</a></span></p>

-

-<h2 class="chapter" id="PART_ONE">PART ONE<br />

-<br />

-INTRODUCTION</h2>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<h3 id="Section_I_GENERAL">Section I GENERAL</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_1">1. SCOPE.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_1a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Arrangement</span>. This manual is published to guide and inform

-personnel using and maintaining flame thrower, portable, M2-2. <a href="#PART_ONE">Part One</a>

-contains general information; <a href="#PART_TWO">Part Two</a> is a guide to operation;

-<a href="#PART_THREE">Part Three</a> gives maintenance procedures. The <a href="#APPENDIX">Appendix</a> discusses

-shipment and storage procedures, and applicable publications.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_1b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">References</span>. <a href="#PARA_78">References</a> are listed in the Appendix. The

-list includes field manuals, technical manuals, and Army Regulations.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_2">2. RECORDS.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Although no standard maintenance forms and records are furnished,

-an improvised list should be kept of the number of times each flame

-thrower has been fired. The list indicates when it is necessary

-to provide the after-six-missions preventive maintenance and

-lubrication. It should be tacked or glued to the inside surface

-of the packing-chest lid and each flame thrower should always be

-returned to its own chest.</p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_II_DESCRIPTION">Section II DESCRIPTION

-AND DATA</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_3">3. USES OF FLAME THROWERS.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent" id="PARA_3a">Flame throwers can: <span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Penetrate openings</span>, such as embrasures

-and gun ports, and fill the fortifications with flame and

-smoke.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_3b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Burn, asphyxiate, and blind enemy personnel</span>, causing casualties,

-shock, panic, and abandonment of a fortified position.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_3c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Ignite combustible parts of shelters and materiel</span> and start

-detonation of sensitive ammunition and explosives.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">2</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_2">

-<img src="images/i_p002.jpg" width="600" height="331" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 2. Firing with liquid fuel.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">3</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_3">

-<img src="images/i_p003.jpg" width="600" height="315" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 3. Firing with thickened fuel. Thickened fuel

-has longer range than liquid fuel and burns on target for several

-minutes.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">4</a></span></p>

-

-<p id="PARA_3d"><span class="u">d</span>. “<span class="u">Shoot around corners</span>,” when fuel is fired from dead or

-blind angles. This is made possible by the billowing and swirling

-movements of flaming gases. Blazing thickened fuels also

-ricochet from wall to wall in fortifications.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_3e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Cause the enemy to close ports</span>, temporarily putting the emplacement

-out of action and thus protecting the demolition party.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_3f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Mop up</span> dug-in personnel.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_3g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Eliminate enemy nests</span> in street or jungle fighting.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_4">4. CHARACTERISTICS AND EMPLOYMENT.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_4a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Action</span>. Fuel is propelled into the target by a charge of

-highly compressed air or nitrogen. As fuel leaves the gun of the

-M2-2 portable flame thrower (<a href="#Fig_1">Fig 1</a>), it is ignited by contact with

-flame from charges of incendiary mix held in an expendable ignition

-cylinder.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_4b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Bursts</span>. A continuous stream or separate bursts may be

-fired for approximately 8 to 9 seconds, not including time between

-the bursts. The five incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder

-are controlled by the trigger and can ignite several bursts.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_4c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Range</span>. Portable flame throwers are fired at extremely

-close or point-blank range for best results. (<a href="#PARA_22">Par 22</a>) Effective

-range for liquid fuels (<a href="#Fig_2">Fig 2</a>) is as far as 20 yards, and for thickened

-fuels (<a href="#Fig_3">Fig 3</a>), 40 yards, but underbrush and adverse winds

-can reduce the distances.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_4d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Weight</span>. To keep the weight as light as possible and still

-provide strength to withstand very high pressures, most parts

-are made of aluminum or sheet steel.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_4e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Tactics</span>. Two or more flame throwers are generally used

-on a mission with other weapons of the assault squad. (See FM

-31-50, “Attack on a Fortified Position and Combat in Towns.”)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_4f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Firers and assistants</span>. One man carries and fires each

-flame thrower. Well-armed assistants accompany firers to give

-close protection and to serve as emergency replacements.

-Whereas the M1A1 portable flame thrower may require the help

-of an assistant to open the pressure-tank valve, the M2-2 flame

-thrower pressure-tank valve is located within reach of the firer

-and is operated by him without assistance. Firers and assistants

-should be thoroughly trained in operation of the weapon.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_4">

-<img src="images/i_p005.jpg" width="396" height="600" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 4. Tank group.</p></div>

-

-<p id="PARA_4g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Charging and filling</span>. In order to replace pressure tanks

-(cylinders) of earlier types of flame throwers, it is necessary

-to unscrew and screw threaded connections. Experience has

-shown that this frequently resulted in damage to threads, leakage,

-loss of pressure, and loss of range. It is also necessary to use

-tools to replace each pressure tank (cylinder). The design of the

-M2-2 flame thrower eliminates these difficulties. The tank group

-(<a href="#Fig_4">Fig 4</a>) may be charged and filled as a unit with or without gun

-and hose. The quick-connecting tank coupling permits rapid

-interchanging of empty and full tank groups by the firers or assistants.

-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">6</a></span>

-This is done without tools, takes very little time, and

-cannot cause leakage, loss of pressure, and loss of range due to

-damaged threads.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_5">5. DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONING.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">The flame thrower consists of two major groups: tank group and

-gun group. Detailed descriptions of assemblies and parts are

-included in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_66">66</a> through <a href="#PARA_76">76</a>.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_5a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Tank group</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_4">4</a> and <a href="#Fig_5">5</a>) Carried upon the firer’s back,

-the tank group holds fuel and pressure. The tank group may be

-identified as tank, fuel, portable flame thrower, M2, assembly

-D81-1-482. It consists principally of:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Two fuel tanks</span>, holding a total of 4 gallons of fuel, and

-joined by a tank connector to form a single fuel reservoir.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Pressure tank</span>, charged with highly compressed air or

-nitrogen used to propel fuel from the fuel tanks through the gun

-to the target. The tank is large in capacity to assure ample pressure

-and uniformly long range throughout the firing.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>, which releases air or nitrogen

-through the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks. The valve can

-be opened by the firer without the assistance required in the case

-of the M1A1 flame thrower.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Pressure regulator</span>, which automatically assures delivery

-of air or nitrogen to the fuel tanks at the proper pressure. The

-regulator is located in a position where it cannot easily be damaged.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Carrier</span>, which supports the tank group on the firer’s back

-and shoulders and secures it to his body. It includes body and

-shoulder straps and quick-releasing fasteners.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_5b"><span class="u">b. Gun group</span>. (<a href="#Fig_6">Fig 6</a>) Carried, aimed, and operated by the

-hands of the firer, the gun group ignites the fuel and directs the

-flame into the target. It includes:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Fuel hose</span>, which conveys fuel from the tank group to the

-gun. The fuel hose may be requisitioned as hose, fuel, portable

-flame thrower, M1, assembly B81-1-498.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Gun</span>, which ignites the fuel and directs it to the target.

-The gun may be identified as gun, portable flame thrower,

-M2, assembly D81-1-405. It consists of:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) <span class="u">Fuel valve</span>, which discharges fuel through the barrel.

-The valve is operated by squeezing the valve lever and the grip

-safety, which are on opposite sides of the valve grip. The valve

-also includes a barrel from which the fuel is ejected. The ignition

-head is supported on the front of the barrel.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) <span class="u">Ignition head</span>, which ignites the fuel as it passes

-from the nozzle of the barrel. With each pull of the trigger on the

-front grip, one of five charges of incendiary mix in an ignition

-cylinder is ignited. This pilot flame ignites the fuel as it is

-propelled from the gun.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_5">

-<img src="images/i_p007.jpg" width="379" height="600" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 5. Tank group with carrier folded back to show

-construction.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">8</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_6">

-<img src="images/i_p008.jpg" width="600" height="274" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 6. Gun group of portable flame thrower M2-2.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">9</a></span></p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_6">6. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">The words “Chemical Warfare Service,” model numbers, serial

-numbers, lot numbers, weight, cubage, manufacturers’ names,

-contract number, and date of packing are indicated on the packing

-chest or the equipment. The numbers and letters shown on the

-equipment should be referred to when repairs are required. The

-tank group and the gun (without the fuel hose) may each be marked

-“M2” and the fuel hose may be marked “M1,” although all of

-these are components of the M2-2 portable flame thrower.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_7">7. DIFFERENCES IN MODELS.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_7a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">M2-2 and E3 portable flame throwers</span>. Portable flame

-thrower M2-2 is identical in all important respects with portable

-flame thrower E3. (The E3 flame thrower, when standardized

-with some modifications, became the M2-2.) Operation and maintenance

-of the M2-2 and E3 are in general the same, and the parts

-are interchangeable.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_7b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">M2-2, M1, and M1A1 portable flame throwers</span>. Portable

-flame thrower M2-2 has the same fuel capacity but differs in

-construction from portable flame throwers M1 and M1A1. Parts

-are not interchangeable except as stated in Paragraph 8.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_8">8. INTERCHANGING PARTS WITH M1 OR M1A1 FLAME

-THROWER.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">To use an M2-2 gun with tank group (fuel unit) of an M1 or M1A1

-portable flame thrower:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_8a"><span class="u">a</span>. Remove fuel hose from M2-2 gun.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_8b"><span class="u">b</span>. Screw a 3/4-inch by 1/2-inch pipe bushing into the side

-opening of the fuel-valve body. This bushing is furnished in the

-spare parts kit of each M2-2 portable flame thrower. (<a href="#PARA_10">Par 10</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_8c"><span class="u">c</span>. Screw the fuel-hose assembly of the M1 or M1A1 flame

-thrower into the 1/2-inch opening of the bushing, using a wrench

-to make a tight connection.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_9">9. DATA.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">All data are approximate.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_9a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Range</span>. See Paragraph <a href="#PARA_22">22</a>.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_9b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Duration of fire.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Fuel</span>.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Continuous discharge of approximately 8 to 9 seconds,

-or</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Several short bursts totalling approximately 8 to 9 seconds

-(not including time between bursts).</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Ignition cylinder</span>. Five charges in each cylinder, 8 to 12

-seconds per charge.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">10</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="weights">

-<tr>

-<th class="tdl normal"><p id="PARA_9c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Weights.</span></p></th>

-<th>&nbsp;</th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<th>&nbsp;</th>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Pounds</span></th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Portable flame thrower M2-2, empty, in shipping

-chest (including the chest and all contents)</p></td>

-<td class="tdc">110</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Portable flame thrower M2-2, empty</p></td>

-<td class="tdc">43</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Portable flame thrower M2-2, filled with fuel</p></td>

-<td class="tdc">68 to 72</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, empty</p></td>

-<td class="tdc">35</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, filled with fuel</p></td>

-<td class="tdc">60 to 64</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Gun group<p class="indent"></p></td>

-<td class="tdc">8</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<th class="tdl normal"><p id="PARA_9d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Dimensions.</span></p></th>

-<th>&nbsp;</th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<th>&nbsp;</th>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Inches</span></th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Gun, length</p></td>

-<td class="tdc">30</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Fuel hose, length</p></td>

-<td class="tdc">37</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, height</p></td>

-<td class="tdc">27</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, width</p></td>

-<td class="tdc">20</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, breadth</p></td>

-<td class="tdc">11</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Packing chest<br />

-(Cube of packing chest: 8-1/2 cubic feet)</p></td>

-<td class="tdc vertt">34 x 23 x 19</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<th class="tdl normal"><p id="PARA_9e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Capacity of weapon.</span></p></th>

-<th>&nbsp;</th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Ignition cylinder (M1 or E1)</p></td>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">1 (which includes 5 incendiary charges)</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Fuel</p></td>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">4 gallons plus void for air or nitrogen</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<th class="tdl normal"><p id="PARA_9f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Pressures.</span></p></th>

-<th>&nbsp;</th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<th>&nbsp;</th>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Pounds per sq. in.</span></th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Pressure tank</p></td>

-<td class="tdc">1,700 to 2,100</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Fuel tanks</p></td>

-<td class="tdc">350</td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<p id="PARA_9g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Ratio of expended supplies</span>. For every 100 complete fillings

-of the flame thrower, the following supplies are normally expended:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Nitrogen contained in fifteen 220-cubic-foot cylinders or an

-equivalent volume of compressed air. (Eleven cylinders are expended

-if the four-place arrangement described in Paragraph 32

-is used.)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) 450 gallons of fuel (400 gallons plus 50 gallons for spillage,

-spoilage, and evaporation).</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) 100 ignition cylinders.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) If thickened fuel is used, 135 pounds (in cans of 5-1/4 pounds

-each) of U. S. Army fuel thickener.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">11</a></span></p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_III_TOOLS">Section III TOOLS,

-PARTS, AND ACCESSORIES</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_10">10. ITEMS WITH EACH FLAME THROWER.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">The items listed below or their equivalents (<a href="#Fig_7">Fig 7</a>) are included

-in each M2-2 flame-thrower packing chest, in addition to the

-flame thrower. Numbers listed with items are Chemical Warfare

-Service stock numbers.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_10a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Kit, tool, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly

-B81-6-50.</span></p>

-

-<p id="PARA_10b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Kit, spare parts, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly

-B81-6-52.</span></p>

-

-<p id="PARA_10c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Cylinder, ignition, portable flame thrower M1</span>. (6 cylinders,

-in 3 cans containing 2 each)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_10d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Technical Manual 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower

-M2-2.</span>”</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_10e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Gun mounting board</span>. (<a href="#Fig_10">Fig 10</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_10f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Plug, coupling, E81-1-514</span> (for use in tank coupling when

-filling tank group with gun detached).</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_7">

-<img src="images/i_p011.jpg" width="600" height="370" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 7. Items packed in chest with each flame thrower: A—Spare

-parts kit; B—Packing list; C—Three cans of ignition cylinders;

-D—Tool kit; E—Coupling plug; F—TM 3-376A, “Portable

-Flame Thrower M2-2.”</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">12</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_8">

-<img src="images/i_p012.jpg" width="600" height="211" alt="" />

-<p class="noindent">Fig 8. Contents of tool kit:</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">A. 1 Screw driver, cabinet, 4-1/2-inch blade length, 3/16-inch blade diameter, H22-50-13.</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">B. 1 Wrench, hex, 1/8-inch across flats for 1/4-inch socket-head set screws, H22-49-12.</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">C. 1 Wrench, engineers’, double head, 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch openings, 9 inches approx length, H22-49-115.</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">D. 1 Screw driver, common, 6-inch blade length, 5/16-inch blade diameter, H22-50-6.</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">E. 1 Wrench, valve-adjusting, assembly, A81-6-48.</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">F. 1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-1/2-inch openings, 12 inches approx length, H22-49-113.</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">G. 1 Wrench, engineers’, single head, 1-1/8 inch opening, 10-1/2 inches approx length, H22-49-31.</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">H. 1 Wrench, adjustable, single end, 6 inches approx length (crescent type), H22-49-67.</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">I. 1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-3/4-inch openings, 12 inches approx length, A81-6-49.</p>

-</div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">13</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_9">

-<img src="images/i_p013_1.jpg" width="500" height="389" alt="" />

-<p class="noindent">Fig 9. Contents of spare parts kit:</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">A. 1 Diaphragm, valve, assembly, A81-1-416.</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">B. 1 Case, spring, assembly, B81-1-444.</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">C. 1 Bushing, pipe, head, 3/4-inch by 1/2-inch (galvanized iron), H98-5-93.</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">D. 2 Washers, coupling, A81-1-513.</p>

-<p class="hangingindent2and1">E. 3 Heads, safety, R81-1-561.</p></div>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_10">

-<img src="images/i_p013_2.jpg" width="600" height="441" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 10. Packing chest open, with gun on mounting board. Tool kit,

-spare parts kit, and cans of ignition cylinders in boxes at right.</p></div>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">14</a></span></p>

-

-<h2 class="chapter" id="PART_TWO">PART TWO<br />

-<br />

-OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS</h2>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<h3 id="Section_IV_GENERAL">Section IV GENERAL</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_11">11. SCOPE.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Part Two of this manual is for the guidance of operating personnel.

-It includes information on the controls and on operation.</p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_V_SERVICE_UPON">Section V SERVICE UPON

-RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_12">12. NEW EQUIPMENT.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Upon receipt of a new flame thrower, the following procedure should be

-carried out:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_12a"><span class="u">a</span>. Cut packing-chest steel straps and seals with pliers.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_12b"><span class="u">b</span>. Remove the screws, if present, from top of chest.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_12c"><span class="u">c</span>. Open two latches at front of chest.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_12d"><span class="u">d</span>. Lift lid backward and connect chain from inside of chest to inside

-of lid.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_12e"><span class="u">e</span>. Remove moistureproof paper.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_12f"><span class="u">f</span>. Remove gun from carton. After removing waterproofing tape from

-ends of hose, connect hose and gun. (<a href="#PARA_17">Par 17</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_12g"><span class="u">g</span>. Remove mounting board and place gun with hose on the board as

-shown in <a href="#Fig_10">Figure 10</a>.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_11">

-<img src="images/i_p014.jpg" width="300" height="422" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 11. Screwing deflector tube in safety head on left

-fuel tank.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">15</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_12">

-<img src="images/i_p015.jpg" width="600" height="188" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 12. Controls for operation of portable flame thrower

-M2-2.</p></div>

-

-<p id="PARA_12h"><span class="u">h</span>. Remove spare parts kit, tool kit, cans of ignition cylinders, and

-other items from packing chest.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_12i"><span class="u">i</span>. Compare contents with packing list found in or on packing chest.

-Inspect all contents carefully for completeness, correct adjustment,

-and good condition.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_12j"><span class="u">j</span>. Insert deflector tube in safety head on left fuel tank. (<a href="#Fig_11">Fig 11</a>)

-Outlet should face to rear and at a 45-degree angle to operator’s left

-shoulder. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>) Screw in deflector tube by hand; do not use wrench

-on deflector tube. Tighten lock nut with wrench.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_12k"><span class="u">k</span>. Before use on a mission, test-fire the weapon. (<a href="#PARA_56b">Par 56 <span class="u">b</span></a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_12l"><span class="u">l</span>. Save the packing chest for storage of the equipment when flame

-thrower is not being carried on a firing mission or serviced.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_13">13. USED EQUIPMENT.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">When they apply, the same steps should be taken as in Paragraph <a href="#PARA_12">12</a>. Any

-worn or damaged parts should be replaced. Areas where paint has worn

-off should be touched up with fresh paint.</p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_VI_CONTROLS">Section VI CONTROLS</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_14">14. CONTROLS.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">The firer uses the pressure-tank valve handle, the trigger, and

-the valve lever and grip safety (<a href="#Fig_12">Fig 12</a>) in succession as follows:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_14a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Valve handle</span>. The pressure-tank valve is operated by turning

-a handle on the valve flexible shaft within reach of the firer.

-Counterclockwise operation of handle releases pressure to the

-fuel tanks. Clockwise turning closes the valve.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_14b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Trigger</span>. The trigger is at the front grip of the gun. Pulling

-the trigger vigorously ignites an incendiary charge in the ignition

-cylinder. This in turn ignites the fuel as it leaves the gun. The

-trigger action also causes the ignition cylinder to revolve one-fifth

-of a turn, presenting another charge for firing. Each of the

-five charges may thus be used in rapid succession, if necessary,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">16</a></span>

-by pulling the trigger vigorously as many as five times.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_14c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Valve lever and grip safety</span>. The valve lever and grip safety

-are mounted on opposite sides of the valve grip of the gun. When

-both controls are compressed, fuel is propelled from the gun. If

-either the valve lever or the grip safety is not compressed, the

-fuel valve remains closed and the fuel remains in the weapon.</p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_VII_OPERATION_UNDER">Section VII OPERATION UNDER

-USUAL CONDITIONS</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_15">15. TRAINING.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Effective use of the M2-2 portable flame thrower can be achieved

-only by diligent practice with the weapon. Untrained firers or

-assistants should never be sent on a mission.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_15a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Practice</span>. Firers should practice under varying conditions

-of wind, range, elevation, depression, and traverse. The shortness

-of the total firing time (approximately 8 to 9 seconds) demands

-split-second judgment and coordination.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_15b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Use of water in training</span>. Water may be used (instead of

-fuel) for elementary practice firing. Ignition cylinders are not

-used with water. The water under pressure may cause serious

-injuries to personnel at 10 yards. After practice with water, the

-gun should be disassembled (Pars <a href="#PARA_73">73</a> through <a href="#PARA_76">76</a>), cleaned and

-dried piece by piece, and lubricated. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_15c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Use of fuel in training</span>. When using fuel in training, select

-or prepare a practice field of fire which provides at least 125

-yards for range and 30 yards for spread. If the field contains

-dry grass, brush, or other flammable material, a fire-fighting

-squad should be available with equipment and source of water.

-Assistants and observers should stay well behind the firer because

-of danger from wind shifts. See Paragraph 40 for additional

-precautions.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_16">16. CHARGING, FILLING, AND SERVICING.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Before use on missions or for training, flame throwers must be

-charged, filled, and serviced. Charging with compressed air or

-compressed nitrogen is described in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_32">32 and 33</a>;

-filling with fuel in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_34">34</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>; and servicing in

-Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_50">50</a> through <a href="#PARA_56">56</a>. Test for pressure. (<a href="#PARA_53d">Par 53 <span class="u">d</span></a>)</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_17">17. CONNECTING TANK GROUP AND GUN GROUP.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">If a charged and filled tank group has been brought up to replace

-an emptied one:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_17a"><span class="u">a</span>. Place the new tank group on the ground with the tank coupling<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">17</a></span>

-on top. If the filling is thickened fuel, allow the tank group

-to rest in this position for from 1 to 2 minutes.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_17b"><span class="u">b</span>. Remove coupling plug from new tank group and disconnect

-gun group from emptied tank group. Place unthreaded end of fuel

-hose in tank coupling and lock in place. (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_17c"><span class="u">c</span>. Lock the coupling plug in the emptied tank group.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_18">18. LOADING WITH IGNITION CYLINDER.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_18a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">General</span>. Just before the start of a mission, load an unused

-ignition cylinder into the ignition head. (M1 and E1 ignition

-cylinders are identical and may be used interchangeably.) Cylinders

-are packed two to a can. Do not open cans until ready

-to load for a mission. The second cylinder in the can should be

-used in another flame thrower on the same mission or as soon

-as possible after opening the can. Partly used cylinders may be

-employed in training.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_18b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Precautions</span>. Care must be taken, whenever cylinders are

-handled, to avoid any blows or pressure against the metal match

-ends. (<a href="#Fig_13">Fig 13</a>) Face, hands, and other parts of the body should

-never be exposed to front of cylinder or front of gun.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_13">

-<img src="images/i_p017.jpg" width="600" height="507" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 13. Ignition cylinder before use.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">18</a></span></p>

-

-<p id="PARA_18c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Procedure</span>. Loading procedure is as follows:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Unscrew and remove ignition shield. (<a href="#Fig_14">Fig 14</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Place ignition cylinder on end of barrel (<a href="#Fig_15">Fig 15</a>), being

-careful not to grasp cylinder by its ends.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) Raise nozzle end of gun so cylinder slides down against the

-spring case of the ignition head. (<a href="#Fig_16">Fig 16</a>) If necessary, rotate

-cylinder so it slips down all the way. Do not force cylinder

-into place as forcing may prematurely ignite it.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) Rotate spring case and ignition cylinder clockwise as far

-as they turn freely.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) Place ignition shield over cylinder. Engage the slot in the

-shield on the spring-case pin.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) Turn shield, screwing it onto ignition-head body. Make

-sure the threads engage during the first turn of the shield. When

-the slot on the shield engages the latch on the ignition head (<a href="#Fig_17">Fig 17</a>),

-the gun is loaded.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(7) If shield cannot be turned by hand tight enough to engage

-latch, unscrew shield. Then turn shield backwards until threads

-engage and repeat (6) above.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_14">

-<img src="images/i_p018_1.jpg" width="300" height="330" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 14. Unscrewing ignition shield, with pressure on

-latch.</p></div>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_15">

-<img src="images/i_p018_2.jpg" width="300" height="301" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 15. Placing ignition cylinder on gun. Care must be

-taken to avoid striking or pushing metal matches of cylinder.</p></div>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_16">

-<img src="images/i_p019_1.jpg" width="600" height="215" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 16. Ignition cylinder in place on gun before

-replacement of ignition shield.</p></div>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_17">

-<img src="images/i_p019_2.jpg" width="600" height="370" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 17. Ignition head assembled for firing of gun.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">20</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_18">

-<img src="images/i_p020.jpg" width="600" height="378" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 18. Tank group adjusted on firer.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">21</a></span></p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_19">19. CARRYING THE TANK GROUP.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">The tanks are supported on the firer’s back and secured to it by two

-shoulder straps and two pairs of body straps. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>) The straps may

-be adjusted by the buckles to fit the operator. The shoulder straps

-pass over the shoulders and under the arm pits; the lower body straps

-are clasped tightly in front of the body; and the upper body straps are

-clasped across the chest to prevent the shoulder straps from slipping

-and the tank group from rolling off the back. Adjustments to the

-various straps should be made until the unit is carried with the bottom

-of the fuel tanks at the small of the operator’s back. The tank group

-should fit snugly so that it does not shift if the operator changes

-position quickly.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_20">20. CARRYING THE GUN.</h4>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_19">

-<img src="images/i_p021.jpg" width="600" height="346" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 19. Carrying the gun, with hands in position to fire.</p></div>

-

-<p class="noindent">The procedure for carrying the gun is as follows:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_20a"><span class="u">a</span>. Carry the gun with the hose at the right side. (<a href="#Fig_19">Fig 19</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_20b"><span class="u">b</span>. Grasp the valve grip with the right hand and the front grip

-with the left hand, being careful not to operate the controls until

-ready to fire.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_20c"><span class="u">c</span>. Keep the gun pointed away from friendly personnel at all

-times.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_20d"><span class="u">d</span>. Do not face the front of the gun at any time. Even when no

-fuel is being ejected, the incendiary charges of the ignition cylinder

-can cause severe burns.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_20e"><span class="u">e</span>. Keep the gun dry and clean if possible. Avoid getting dirt

-or foreign matter into the weapon.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_20f"><span class="u">f</span>. Avoid rough handling.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_20g"><span class="u">g</span>. Wear gloves if available.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_20h"><span class="u">h</span>. Carry any extra ignition cylinders only in metal containers.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">22</a></span></p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_21">21. OPENING PRESSURE-TANK VALVE.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">The release of pressure into the fuel tank causes a hissing sound.

-Therefore, open the pressure-tank valve while still out of hearing

-range of the enemy. Do not, however, open it prematurely because

-of the possibility of pressure leaks. To prevent frothing

-of the fuel, keep the tank group in as nearly an upright position as

-possible when opening pressure-tank valve. Be sure to turn the

-valve handle all the way in a counterclockwise direction. Stiffening

-of the fuel hose occurs when the pressure-tank valve is opened.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_22">22. RANGES.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Firers and assistants should learn to judge ranges by frequent

-practice under varying conditions. The firers should be trained

-to approach as close as practicable to the target and to fire if

-possible at point-blank range for the greatest results.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_22a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Point-blank range.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Effects</span>. At very close (point-blank)

-range almost all of the burning fuel can be fired at great velocity

-directly through ports and openings into the target. Maximum

-casualties and damage are caused in the hostile position.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Protection</span>. Common sense precautions are taken to prevent

-casualties to friendly personnel from possible ricochet or

-rebounding of flame. If the target includes a vertical wall at a

-right angle to the firer or other friendly personnel, the weapon

-should not be fired at closer than 7 to 10 yards. When the weapon

-is fired at small openings in a bunker or pillbox, the firer and

-other members of the assault squad should not approach closer

-than 7 to 10 yards from the target.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_22b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Other effective ranges.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Open fields of fire</span>. When

-thickened gasoline is used, portable flame throwers may fire

-with considerable effect as far as 40 yards under normal conditions,

-depending on wind direction and wind speed. Under the

-same conditions, liquid fuel maybe effective at 20 yards. Results

-and accuracy are not as great as at point-blank range.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Jungle or thick underbrush</span>. If the target is located in

-jungle or thick underbrush without cleared fields of fire, the

-effective range of the flame thrower is reduced by as much as

-one half, depending on the nature and density of the vegetation.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_22c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Ineffective ranges</span>. Although the flame may reach considerably

-farther than the ranges stated in <span class="u">b</span> (1) above it may be

-useless because of the steep angle of descent and because much

-of the fuel is burned before it reaches the target.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_23">23. WIND DEFLECTION.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Wind is an important factor because of the low velocity of the

-flaming fuel. Wind can lengthen, shorten, or deflect the flame.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_23a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Head winds</span>. Head winds of more than 5 miles per hour tend

-to carry heat or even flame back toward the firer. Liquid fuel

-should not be fired into a head wind of more than 5 miles per<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">23</a></span>

-hour. The range and accuracy of thickened fuels is reduced.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_23b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Following winds or very light winds</span>. Best results are obtained

-under these conditions.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_23c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Cross winds</span>. When firing at or near maximum range, cross

-winds deflect, breakup, and disperse the flame. They also reduce

-the range.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_24">24. FIRING POSITIONS.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_24a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Ease of aiming</span>. The flame thrower can be fired from any position

-that permits sufficient freedom to aim the weapon, subject to the

-conditions in <span class="u">b</span>, <span class="u">c</span>, and <span class="u">d</span>, below. This includes standing,

-kneeling, and prone. In some instances, flame throwers have been fired

-with tank groups resting on the ground or on skids. If used in this

-way, the tops of the fuel tanks must be propped up to conform to <span class="u">b</span>,

-below.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_24b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Angles of the tanks</span>. When firing, the bottoms of the fuel

-tanks must always be substantially lower than the tops. The tops

-of both tanks must also each be the same distance above the horizontal

-and neither tank should be tilted to one side. Otherwise,

-only a small part of the fuel may be blown from the tanks.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_24c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Recoil</span>. Stability must be sufficient to withstand the recoil

-from the gun. If possible, the firer should hold the gun snugly

-against his right side to support it and to absorb its recoil.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_24d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Protection</span>. Full advantage should be taken of cover and

-concealment, such as shell craters and vegetation.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_25">25. AIMING.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_25a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Sighting</span>. There are no sights on the gun because of the

-short range from which it is fired, the variety of fuels used, and

-the marked effects of wind. (<a href="#PARA_23">Par 23</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_25b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Fortifications</span>. When firing at a fortified position, flame

-must be directed <span class="u">into openings</span> (gun ports, firing slits, ventilation

-screens, doorways). Flame inside gives the desired effects, but

-flame on the outside has little effect on personnel within.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_25c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Thickened fuel</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_3">3</a> and <a href="#Fig_20">20</a>) When firing at or near

-maximum range, it may take several seconds for a burst of thickened

-fuel to carry through the air to the target area. Short bursts

-may result in misses at long range for this reason. Skill in aiming

-is particularly important with thickened fuel.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_25d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Liquid fuel</span>. With liquid fuel, the greatest effect may be obtained

-by placing the flame directly on the target. (<a href="#Fig_21">Fig 21</a>)</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">24</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_20">

-<img src="images/i_p024.jpg" width="600" height="330" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 20. Thickened fuel flame hitting and clinging to target. Fuel burns for several minutes.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">25</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_21">

-<img src="images/i_p025.jpg" width="600" height="329" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 21. Flame (liquid fuel) hitting target.</p></div>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_26">26. FIRING.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">With pressure-tank valve open:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_26a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Pull trigger</span>. Pull the trigger rapidly and vigorously. A

-flash should appear at the front of the gun. This shows that an

-incendiary charge of the ignition cylinder has been ignited. Release

-the trigger. (If the flash does not appear, pull the trigger

-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">26</a></span>

-again, or as often as necessary up to five times, until a flash appears.)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_26b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Squeeze fuel valve</span>. Immediately after pulling trigger, compress

-the valve lever and grip safety vigorously with the right

-hand. Burning fuel will be propelled from the gun.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_26c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Adjust fire</span>. Direct the flaming fuel at the target. Continue

-to squeeze the valve lever and grip safety throughout the burst.

-When thickened fuel is fired, follow the fuel with eyes to the side

-of the stream in order to observe and correct aim. (If eyes are

-directly behind the stream, the flame may obscure the target.)</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_27">27. CEASING OR INTERRUPTING FIRE.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">To cease or interrupt firing, release the controls.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_28">28. ADDITIONAL BURSTS.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">To fire additional bursts, repeat procedure followed in Paragraphs

-26 and 27, keeping in mind that there are five incendiary charges

-in the ignition cylinder and that the total firing time, not including

-time between bursts, is approximately 8 to 9 seconds. Each of

-the five incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder burns for

-from 8 to 12 seconds.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_29">29. SOAKING THE TARGET.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">When liquid fuel is used, it may be desirable to soak the target

-with fuel first and ignite it afterward. To do this, fire one or two

-short bursts without pulling the trigger. Then follow with an ignited

-burst, as in Paragraph <a href="#PARA_26">26</a>.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_30">30. AFTER FIRING.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">When the firer has returned from his mission, he should:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_30a"><span class="u">a</span>. Remove and discard the ignition cylinder, as follows:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Point gun at the ground.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Press latch. (<a href="#Fig_14">Fig 14</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) Unscrew the ignition shield and allow ignition cylinder to

-fall out. (Be careful to keep the hands away from the front of the

-cylinder.)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) Save the partly used cylinder for training use or destroy

-it by firing from gun after fuel tanks have been emptied. For information

-on care, handling, and storage of cylinders, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_30b"><span class="u">b</span>. Close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle

-clockwise (to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank).</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_30c"><span class="u">c</span>. Point the gun away from personnel and blow out the remaining

-fuel, if any, from the fuel tanks by squeezing the valve

-lever and grip safety until there is no further discharge. The

-trigger should not be used during this operation.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_30d"><span class="u">d</span>. Take off tank group from the back.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_30e"><span class="u">e</span>. Inspect, clean, and maintain the flame thrower (Pars <a href="#PARA_55">55</a> and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">27</a></span>

-<a href="#PARA_56">56</a>) or, if experienced maintenance personnel is close at hand, turn

-the weapon over to them for servicing.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_30f"><span class="u">f</span>. After servicing, place the weapon in the packing chest (<a href="#PARA_77">Par 77</a>)

-for protected storage, or prepare it for the next mission.

-(Pars <a href="#PARA_50">50</a> through <a href="#PARA_53">53</a>)</p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_VIII_AUXILIARY">Section VIII AUXILIARY

-EQUIPMENT</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_31">31. IGNITION CYLINDER.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_31a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_13">13</a> and <a href="#Fig_22">22</a>) Either the

-M1 or E1 ignition cylinder may be used. It fits over the fore

-part of the barrel assembly and is revolved by the spring case.

-(<a href="#PARA_76">Par 76</a>) The five incendiary charges in the cylinder are spaced

-sufficiently far apart in the plastic body to prevent their igniting

-one another. Lead-foil seals, plastic closure plates, and waterproof

-cement make the unit comparatively waterproof.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_22">

-<img src="images/i_p027.jpg" width="600" height="424" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 22. Cutaway view of ignition cylinder (M1 or E1).</p></div>

-

-<p id="PARA_31b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Action</span>. When the trigger rod is pushed forward, one of five

-metal matches tipped with red phosphorus scratches an igniting

-mixture. The ignition carries to a starter mix and to a few grains

-of black powder on top of the incendiary charge. The black powder

-blows the foil seal and closure plate clear of the flame thrower,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">28</a></span>

-and the incendiary charge ignites the fuel as it is discharged from

-the nozzle. The incendiary charge burns for from 8 to 12 seconds.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_31c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Packing</span>. Ignition cylinders are packed two per waterproof

-can. Three cans are furnished with each flame thrower. Fifty

-cans (100 ignition cylinders) are contained in each packing box of

-extra cylinders.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_31d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Care, handling, and storage</span>. Ignition cylinders contain

-hazardous incendiary material and must be handled with due care.

-The following precautions should be observed.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Opening cans</span>. Do not open cans containing cylinders until

-ready to load for a mission. (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>) If an extra cylinder remains

-in an opened can, use it as soon as possible. Any defective cylinders,

-such as those with damaged closure plates, should be

-destroyed. (Pars <a href="#PARA_30">30</a> and <a href="#PARA_46">46</a>) Moisture may affect the cylinders

-and all possible care should be taken to avoid exposing them to

-dampness.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Handling cylinders</span>. Pressure on any of the five metal

-matches (<a href="#Fig_13">Fig 13</a>) may ignite an incendiary charge in the cylinder.

-Care must be exercised to avoid putting pressure on the projecting

-ends of the matches except when firing the weapon. Ignition

-cylinders and cylinder containers should be protected against

-shock. Boxes and cans containing cylinders must not be thrown

-or dropped.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Storing containers</span>. Containers of ignition cylinders are

-best stored in a dry, well-ventilated place, out of the direct rays

-of the sun, well protected against excessive temperatures. Smoking

-is not permitted and matches are not used where ignition cylinders

-are stored.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_32">32. CHARGING PRESSURE TANK.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_32a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">General</span>. The pressure tank of the flame thrower must be

-fully charged with compressed air or compressed nitrogen before

-the start of a mission. For the M2-2 flame thrower, a pressure

-of at least 1,700 pounds per square inch is required. This may be

-provided either by the use of an air compressor capable of producing

-a pressure of at least 1,700 pounds per square inch, or

-by the use of commercial cylinders. The filling and charging

-lines from the service kit are used in conjunction with the cylinders.

-Before and after charging, follow the procedures described

-in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_51">51</a> and <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_32b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Charging from air compressor</span>. Compressor, air, gasoline

-engine driven, 7CFM, M1, is a self-contained, skid-mounted

-machine designed for use with flame throwers. It is capable of

-charging pressure tanks of flame throwers and large 200-&nbsp;or

-220-cubic-foot commercial cylinders as well. Instructions for

-use of the compressor will be found in the manual accompanying it.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_32c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Charging from cylinders</span>. If an air compressor is not available,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">29</a></span>

-it is necessary to use cylinders containing nitrogen or air.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Volume and pressure</span>. Cylinders come charged with 200

-to 220 cubic feet of air or nitrogen. Since cylinders with 220

-cubic feet of air or nitrogen have a higher initial pressure,

-it is recommended that they be procured, if obtainable. All cylinders

-used must have a pressure of at least 600 pounds per

-square inch. One or more of the cylinders must have a pressure

-of at least 1,800 pounds per square inch. Two or more cylinders,

-preferably at least four, should be used, if available.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Charging capacity</span>. Fully charged cylinders, if properly

-used in rotation, have capacity for charging pressure tanks

-approximately as follows:</p>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="cylinder capacity">

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">1 cylinder (used alone)</td>

-<td class="tdr">2</td>

-<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">2 cylinders (in combination)</td>

-<td class="tdr">6</td>

-<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">4 cylinders (in combination)</td>

-<td class="tdr">24</td>

-<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">5 cylinders (in combination)</td>

-<td class="tdr">36</td>

-<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">6 cylinders (in combination)</td>

-<td class="tdr">48</td>

-<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Apparatus</span>. The apparatus for charging two pressure tanks

-by the use of cylinders consists of a filling line, two charging

-lines, and two cylinders. (<a href="#Fig_23">Fig 23</a>) The filling line and charging

-lines are obtained from the service kit. (<a href="#PARA_48">Par 48</a>) Plugs are provided

-to close off either half of the filling line when only one

-flame-thrower tank group is to be charged.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Warning</span>. Oxygen is sometimes shipped in cylinders having

-the same threads as nitrogen cylinders. If oxygen not mixed

-with nitrogen, as in air, is introduced into the fuel tanks of the

-portable flame thrower, a violent explosion may result. Therefore,

-the greatest care must be exercised to see that only air or

-nitrogen is used. <span class="u">Before a cylinder is connected, it should be

-tested to determine that it does not contain straight oxygen or

-some combustible gas</span>. This may be done by introducing a burning

-splint into a jet of the contents. Oxygen causes the splint

-to burn quickly, whereas nitrogen extinguishes the flame. To

-make the test:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Fasten a thin splint of wood to a wire at least a foot long.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Ignite the splint.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Stand aside and hold it before the cylinder outlet.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Crack the valve slightly to permit a small stream of gas

-to emerge.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) If the flame flares up, the gas is oxygen and <span class="u">MUST NOT</span>

-be used.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) If the gas itself catches fire, it may be hydrogen, acetylene,

-or some other combustible gas, which also must not be used.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Attaching lines to cylinders</span>. (<a href="#Fig_23">Fig 23</a>) The procedure for

-charging two flame thrower pressure tanks from two cylinders

-of nitrogen or compressed air begins as follows:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Remove the valve-protection caps from the cylinders.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">30</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_23">

-<img src="images/i_p030.jpg" width="437" height="600" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 23. Charging two pressure tanks, using charging and filling

-lines, and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">31</a></span></p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Place the cylinders side by side with both outlets facing

-in the same direction. (If the ground is not level enough for the

-cylinders to stand up side by side, lay them horizontally with

-both outlets face up.)</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Before attaching the filling line to the cylinders, blow

-out dust. (<a href="#PARA_33">Par 33</a>) Then connect, using wrenches to make the

-joints pressure tight. Do not kink or bend the flexible hose. Cylinders

-must be close enough together to prevent strain on the

-flexible hose.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Attach a charging line to each of the two couplings on

-the filling line.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) <span class="u">Attaching charging lines to pressure tanks.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Close pressure-tank valves.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Unscrew caps from check valves.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Screw the charging-line fittings onto the check valves.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Close bleeders.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(7) <span class="u">Charging</span>. The operation of charging two pressure tanks

-from two cylinders is as follows:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Close both filling-line valves.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Open cylinder valves.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Determine which cylinder has the lower pressure by the

-gages. Open the filling-line valve at the gage showing the lower

-pressure and fill the pressure tanks to the pressure shown by the

-gage. Close the valve. Then open the other filling-line valve

-and fill the pressure tanks until they reach pressures of at least

-1,700 pounds per square inch as shown by the gage.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) When the pressure tanks have been filled, close the filling-line

-valves. Open the bleeders on the charging lines and leave

-them open until the pressure in the charging lines is released.

-Then close bleeders. Remove the charging-line fittings from

-the check valves. Screw the threaded caps on the check valves

-and tighten caps with a wrench.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Repeat steps in (<span class="u">a</span>) through (<span class="u">d</span>) above for as many pairs

-of empty flame-thrower tanks as require charging.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(8) <span class="u">To insure proper pressure</span>. Care should be taken to make

-certain that the compression delivered to the flame-thrower pressure

-tank is a full 1,700 pounds per square inch.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) If a filling-line valve leaks, tighten the packing nut on

-the valve with a wrench.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) When the higher pressure shown on the filling-line gages

-is less than 1,700 pounds per square inch, close the filling-line

-valve and the cylinder valve on the cylinder having the lower

-pressure. Remove and replace this cylinder with a fully charged

-cylinder. With chalk, mark the pressure on the cylinder which

-has been withdrawn.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(9) <span class="u">After charging</span>. When charging has been completed:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Close the filling-line valves. Observe the pressure indicated

-on each gage and mark the pressure on each cylinder using<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">32</a></span>

-crayon, chalk, or pencil.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Close the valves on the cylinders.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Remove the charging-line fittings from the check

-valves, replace the threaded caps on the check valves, and tighten

-caps with a wrench.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Remove the filling lines from the cylinders. Use two

-wrenches and take care not to twist or kink the flexible hose.

-Support the lines during the operation so that their full weight

-does not hang on the flexible hose during removal.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_24">

-<img src="images/i_p032.jpg" width="600" height="385" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 24. Arrangement of cylinders and lines for charging four

-flame throwers. Flexible hose (assembly E81-3-6) from

-service kit is used to connect two filling lines.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p2">(10) <span class="u">Use of four-place lines</span>. (<a href="#Fig_24">Fig 24</a>) The filling and charging

-lines found in two or more service kits may be combined for more

-efficient charging of large numbers of pressure tanks. An additional

-flexible hose is provided in each service kit for connecting

-two filling lines. The procedure for charging is similar to that

-described above for the two-place line. Air or nitrogen is taken

-first from the cylinder with the lowest pressure and last from the

-cylinder with the highest pressure. See <span class="u">a</span> (2) above.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_33">33. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PRESSURE-CHARGING.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Personnel will familiarize themselves with the following precautions:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_33a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u"> Handling</span>. Handle all cylinders and flame throwers carefully;

-never drop them and never subject them to shocks or blows.

-Keep valve-protection caps secured when cylinders are being

-handled, except when such handling is incident to the use of the

-nitrogen or air.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">33</a></span></p>

-

-<p id="PARA_33b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u"> Storage</span>. Keep all cylinders and charged flame throwers or

-tank groups (<a href="#PARA_77">Par 77</a>) in open or closed storage. They must, however,

-be protected from dampness and excessive rise in temperature

-caused by the direct rays of the sun or other source of heat.

-Avoid storing them near highly flammable substances, or in places

-where they may be struck by moving objects. Segregate empty

-cylinders to avoid confusion.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_33c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u"> Personnel</span>. Do not attempt to use compressed gases unless

-trained in this work. Use gases only for the purposes for which

-they are intended.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_33d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u"> Cylinder valves</span>. Do not tamper with safety devices in cylinder

-valves. If available, use the proper replacement parts

-for safety devices which are in need of repair. If such parts are

-not available, do not attempt to use makeshifts or nonstandard

-parts.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_33e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u"> Opening of valves</span>. Open valves slowly and fully each time

-nitrogen or compressed air is transferred from a cylinder. When a

-wrench is used, be sure it is one that fits properly, and that it is

-kept ready for instant use while the compressed gas is being released.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_33f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u"> Threads</span>. See that threads match before making connections.

-Some valves are provided with special threads which must be

-matched by the threads in the equipment being connected.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_33g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u"> Correct equipment</span>. Use gages, regulators, hose, pipe, and

-tubing of the type manufactured or specified for the particular

-apparatus or compressed gas.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_33h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u"> Repair</span>. Never attempt to alter or repair a cylinder.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_33i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u"> Flames and sparks</span>. Do not permit flames, sparks, or ignition

-from the flame thrower or other source to touch hose.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_33j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u"> Blowing out dust</span>. Immediately before coupling an attachment to the

-pressure tank or cylinder valve, open it for an instant to blow out any

-dust or dirt. Never stand where gas or dirt may be blown into the eyes

-or face. If the valve is difficult to open, apply more force gradually.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_33k"><span class="u">k</span>. <span class="u"> Special devices</span>. Do not attempt to use any special connections or

-equipment without the approval of a qualified expert.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_33l"><span class="u">l</span>. <span class="u"> Keeping valves closed</span>. Keep the valve of each cylinder closed when

-its contents are not actually being released from or admitted to the

-cylinder. This applies alike to all cylinders, whether they contain a

-compressed gas or are empty.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_34">34. CHARACTERISTICS OF FUELS.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Thickened fuels give up to twice the range of liquid fuels. The

-stream of thickened fuel is comparatively narrow. Most of the

-glue-like fuel clings to and burns in or on the target for as long

-as 6 minutes. Liquid fuels, on the other hand, are largely consumed

-in flight to the target. If the location of small openings

-in the target is known, the stream of thickened fuel can be spotted<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">34</a></span>

-by accurate aiming so that most of the fuel enters directly

-into the openings. While it does not billow around corners as

-does liquid fuel, thickened fuel strikes the target with force enough

-to ricochet inside. It clings to skin and clothing while burning.

-It also has excellent incendiary effects. The initial flame and

-smoke are less from thickened fuel than from liquid fuel, but the

-lower visibility, greater range, and much longer burning period

-of thickened fuel compensate for its smaller screening effect.

-Liquid fuels are easier to pour when filling than are thickened

-fuels.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_35">35. PREPARATION OF THICKENED FUELS.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_35a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Ingredients</span>. Thickened fuels consist of U.S. Army fuel

-thickener mixed with fuel.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Thickener</span>. U.S. Army thickener is supplied in airtight

-cans, each containing 5-1/4 pounds of the material.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Gasoline and fuel oil</span>. Gasoline alone is often used with

-thickener, but mixtures of gasoline and light fuel oil may be used

-satisfactorily. The light fuel oil can be either No. 1 fuel oil, No.

-2 fuel oil, automotive diesel oil, or kerosene. These mixtures

-give more heat and do not form crusts. Except in hot climates,

-75 percent or more of the mixture by weight or volume should

-be gasoline. (If too much light fuel oil is included, the fuel tends

-to separate into two layers.) In tropical theaters, a thickened

-blend of 50 percent gasoline and 50 percent light fuel oil has been

-reported to give favorable results. Storage qualities are not

-known, however. Another mixture which has been well recommended

-in field reports is 15 gallons of gasoline to 5 gallons of

-diesel fuel oil. Issue gasoline may be used, but locally procured

-gasolines which contain alcohol are not suitable.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_35b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Proportion of thickener to fuel</span>. Less thickener is recommended

-than formerly. A low ratio of thickener gives a thickened

-fuel with many of the characteristics of liquid fuel. One

-can of thickener to 20 U.S. gallons of gasoline, or gasoline and

-light fuel-oil mixture, gives good results. This is a 4.2 percent

-by weight mixture. Except in hot weather, a fuel mixture of less

-than 3 percent thickener requires such long stirring that its preparation

-is impractical.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_35c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Equipment</span>. An open-head 55-gallon or 42-gallon drum and

-an improvised wooden mixing paddle are used. Five-gallon cans

-may be employed to transfer the ingredients. The paddle should

-be approximately 5 feet long, 2 inches wide, and 1 inch thick.

-If a standard 55-gallon, open-head drum with an internal diameter

-of 27-7/16 inches is used, the improvised paddle should be marked

-to indicate gallons as follows:</p>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="paddle markings">

-<tr>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Gallons</span></th>

-<th class="tdr normal"><span class="add2em"><span class="u">Inches</span></span></th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc">40</td>

-<td class="tdr">23-1/2</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc">20</td>

-<td class="tdr">11-3/4</td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">35</a></span>

-Do not use a metal paddle because of the danger of striking a

-spark from the drum. Never use galvanized containers for mixing

-and storing thickened fuels. These may cause the fuel to break

-down and become excessively thin. An improvised funnel may be

-helpful in filling drums with prepared fuel for aging or transporting.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_35d"><span class="u">d. Temperatures.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Below 50 degrees</span>. If the temperature is

-below 50 degrees Fahrenheit, it is helpful to prepare thickened

-fuel indoors, in a heated room. All precautions should be particularly

-observed. (<a href="#PARA_40">Par 40</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Above 90 degrees</span>. When the fuel is hotter than 90 degrees

-Fahrenheit, the thickener reacts very rapidly. In this case, it is

-easier to prepare batches of 20 gallons each, but any number of

-batches may be prepared in succession.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_35e"><span class="u">e. Moisture.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Effect of moisture</span>. Water in thickened fuel

-breaks down or reduces the viscosity of the gel and thereby reduces

-the range of the flame thrower. This effect may not be

-noticeable at once, but the stability of the fuel is affected.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Dryness of thickener</span>. Dry thickener is extremely hygroscopic,

-that is, it absorbs moisture from the atmosphere very

-rapidly. For this reason, thickener is shipped in hermetically

-sealed tin cans containing the exact quantity of powder required

-for mixing with 20 gallons of fuel to prepare a 4.2 percent mixture.

-It is important that the gasoline or fuel oil and gasoline

-be measured out before the thickener container is opened. The

-powder then should be poured immediately into the liquid.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Dryness of containers</span>. It is important that all containers

-used in mixing and handling the fuel be dry.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Keeping water out of gasoline</span>. Gasoline, especially when

-it has been stored in vented containers, frequently includes free

-water. Therefore, when using gasoline from a bulk-storage tank

-or an open drum, first place it in a clean, dry drum; allow it to

-stand quietly for at least an hour; then carefully pour off the

-gasoline from the top and discard the last gallon or two.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_35f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Pouring and stirring</span>. (<a href="#Fig_25">Fig 25</a>) The liquid fuel is poured

-into the open drum; a pail or a paddle (<a href="#PARA_35c">Par 35 <span class="u">c</span></a>) is used for measuring.

-One man then stirs the fuel vigorously. Another takes a

-can of thickener, splits it with a machete, bayonet, or ax, and

-pours it immediately into the fuel. Any large lumps of powder

-are broken by hand before the powder is added to the fuel. When

-mixing 40 gallons at a time, the two cans of thickener should be

-opened and added to the fuel in rapid succession. If the contents

-of the first can are permitted to gel before adding the second can,

-it will be difficult to obtain a uniform mix. Continue to stir.</p>

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">36</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_25">

-<img src="images/i_p036_1.jpg" width="600" height="446" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 25. Measuring fuel ingredient into mixing drum. Paddle

-for measuring and stirring is improvised.</p></div>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_26">

-<img src="images/i_p036_2.jpg" width="600" height="430" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 26. Transferring newly mixed thickened fuel from mixing

-drum to storage or shipping container for aging.</p></div>

-

-<p id="PARA_35g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Examining fuel</span>. Lift the paddle quickly. If the mixture

-drops or runs from the paddle, additional stirring is necessary.

-When the paddle comes out clean, except for an adhering film,

-stirring should be stopped, provided there is no further visible

-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">37</a></span>

-settling of particles of thickener.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_35h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Loading shipping drums</span>. When stirring is completed, the

-mix is immediately bucketed (<a href="#Fig_26">Fig 26</a>) through a funnel into the

-shipping drum. The second bung hole should be open, if possible,

-to provide a vent to aid in pouring. Two men do the bucketing,

-each handling one pail so that the funnel may be kept loaded with

-mix and the shipping drum filled as rapidly as possible. Finally,

-the open-end drum should be picked up and its contents poured

-into the funnel. Not more than 50 gallons of thickened fuel should

-be loaded into a 55-gallon drum. The funnel should then be removed

-and replaced by a plug. The vent opening of the drum should

-also be closed. (See Paragraph 39 for pressure method of filling

-storage drums.)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_35i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Unused thickener</span>. Any thickener remaining in opened cans

-should be discarded. Since moisture in the air can quickly ruin

-its properties, no attempt should be made to save it.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_35j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u">Aging and storing</span>. Newly mixed fuel has the appearance of

-tapioca pudding. (<a href="#Fig_27">Fig 27</a>) It should preferably be stored overnight

-before use. It may, however, be fired within 1 hour after mixing.

-To keep fuel in good condition, drums for shipping and storing

-must be clean, moistureproof, dry, strong, and unrusted, but not

-galvanized. They must be kept tightly closed and should be laid

-on their sides so that rain water will not collect around the bungs.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_35k"><span class="u">k</span>. <span class="u">Testing fuel</span>. Before use on missions, all fuels should be

-tested by being fired from a flame thrower. This is advisable

-because the characteristics of the fuel ingredients often vary.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_27">

-<img src="images/i_p037.jpg" width="600" height="374" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 27. Contrasting newly mixed thickened fuel (right)

-with aged fuel (left).</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">38</a></span></p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_36">36. PREPARATION OF LIQUID FUELS.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_36a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Choice of ingredients</span>. Thin fuels are easy to ignite, but

-they lack range and are largely burned in flight before reaching

-the target. For this reason, liquid fuels should contain the lowest

-proportion of gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier oils

-that permits easy ignition. In hot climates, less gasoline is

-needed than in cold climates. Exactness of proportion, however,

-is not of great importance. Suitable blends are as follows:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Equal parts by weight or by volume of gasoline, light fuel

-oil, and heavy (bunker) fuel oil. The light fuel oil can be either

-No. 1 fuel oil, No. 2 fuel oil, automotive diesel oil, or kerosene.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) One part gasoline to four parts of cleaned crankcase drainings.

-(<a href="#PARA_36e">Par 36<span class="u">e</span></a>) Unused motor lubricating oil can be employed in

-place of crankcase drainings, but usually it will be unavailable

-for flame-thrower use.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_36b"><span class="u">b. Preparation of ingredients</span>. Before mixing blends, the following

-steps should be taken:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Gasoline, diesel oils, and fuel oils</span>. These fuel materials

-should be allowed to stand quietly for at least 30 minutes to permit

-any small quantity of water present to settle to the bottom.

-When transferring the fuel to another container, remove the fuel

-carefully so that no water is remixed with it.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Crankcase drainings</span>. If possible, crankcase drainings

-should be allowed to stand quietly in a container for at least 1 day.

-When pouring, take care to prevent the transfer of any of the

-sludge which may have settled in the bottom of the container.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_36c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Equipment</span>. An open-head 55-gallon or 42-gallon drum and

-an improvised wooden mixing paddle are used. The paddle should

-be approximately 5 feet long, 2 inches wide, and 1 inch thick. A

-metal paddle should not be provided because of the danger of striking

-a spark from the drum. Five-gallon cans may also be furnished

-for measuring and transferring ingredients. Clean, unrusted,

-steel storage drums should be at hand. They should be at

-least 16-gage to have sufficient strength to withstand the internal

-vapor pressure of the fuel.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_36d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Stirring</span>. All the ingredients should be stirred in the drum

-with the paddle until they appear to form a uniform mixture.

-This should require approximately 2 minutes.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_36e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Crankcase-draining blends</span>. If crankcase drainings are

-used as an ingredient (<a href="#PARA_36b">Par 36<span class="u">b</span></a>), it is preferable to allow the prepared

-mixture to settle for 24 hours after stirring, because the

-gasoline in the mixture may cause additional sludge to be deposited.

-Even after this settling period, it is recommended that the

-mixture be poured through cheesecloth or some similar fabric

-before the flame thrower is filled. Crankcase-draining blends

-should be allowed to stay in the flame thrower only long enough

-for completion of a mission, because additional sludge which may

-form from standing will clog the weapon.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">39</a></span></p>

-

-<p id="PARA_36f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Transferring</span>. The mixture should be transferred either

-directly into the flame-thrower fuel tanks (Pars <a href="#PARA_37">37</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>)

-or into storage drums. (<a href="#PARA_35h">Par 35<span class="u">h</span></a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_36g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Emergency mixing in fuel tanks</span>. In an emergency, mixing

-can be done in the flame-thrower fuel tanks by adding the ingredients

-in correct proportions and then shaking or stirring.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_36h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Testing fuel</span>. Before fuel is used on a mission, it should

-be tested, if possible, by being fired from a flame thrower.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_36i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Storage</span>. Fuels may be used immediately after preparation.

-If the blend contains crankcase oils, the fuel should be fired as

-soon as practicable after filling. Other liquid blends may be

-stored indefinitely until required for use. For storage precautions

-see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>. The storage drums also should be kept

-tightly closed to prevent loss of gasoline through evaporation and

-to prevent moisture from entering the fuel. If stored in the open,

-the drums should be laid on their sides so that rain water will not

-collect adjacent to the bungs. An unrusted and undamaged 16-gage

-or 18-gage drum has sufficient strength to withstand the

-internal vapor pressure of the fuel.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_37">37. FILLING BY POURING.</h4>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_28">

-<img src="images/i_p039.jpg" width="600" height="441" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 28. Filling fuel tanks by pouring. Any clean

-container may be used. A funnel may be improvised.</p></div>

-

-<p class="noindent">(<a href="#Fig_28">Fig 28</a>) This method is the simplest and quickest for liquid fuel,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">40</a></span>

-but it may be too slow for some thickened fuels. The procedure is as

-follows:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_37a"><span class="u">a</span>. Stand the tank group on the ground or a platform. If the tank

-group is not connected to the gun group, lock coupling plug in tank

-coupling. (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_37b"><span class="u">b</span>. Using a 1-3/4-inch wrench, unscrew the filling plug and the

-safety-head plug.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_37c"><span class="u">c</span>. Inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign

-matter. If not clean, flush with gasoline.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_37d"><span class="u">d</span>. Using an improvised funnel, fill to within 2 inches of the top of

-both plug openings. This allows sufficient void. The tanks will then

-contain approximately 4 gallons of fuel.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_37e"><span class="u">e</span>. Wipe the fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean,

-dry cloth. (<a href="#Fig_29">Fig 29</a>) If plug has a tendency to freeze to seat, lubricate

-(<a href="#PARA_49b">Par 49 <span class="u">b</span></a>) before screwing in the filling and safety-head plug

-assemblies. Tighten with wrench.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_29">

-<img src="images/i_p040.jpg" width="300" height="408" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 29. Wiping plug seat.</p></div>

-

-<p id="PARA_37f"><span class="u">f</span>. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_38">38. FILLING BY FORCE PUMP.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">A force pump, if available, may be installed with a short length of

-pipe in the top opening of a drum of fuel for filling flame-thrower

-fuel tanks. Keep working parts of pump clean.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_39">39. FILLING BY BLOWING.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Thickened fuel may be readily forced into the fuel tanks of flame

-throwers by the use of extremely low pressures of compressed

-air or nitrogen. Flame thrower fuel filling kit E6 or equivalent

-may be used. When equipment is available, filling by blowing is

-more efficient for filling large numbers of flame throwers with

-thickened fuel. Pouring or pumping are more time-consuming,

-depending on the consistency of the gel. The consistency may vary

-among batches even when the same proportion of thickener is

-used. The amount of moisture in the fuel seems to cause this

-variation. The precautions listed in Paragraph <a href="#PARA_40">40</a> should be

-observed.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">41</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_30">

-<img src="images/i_p041.jpg" width="600" height="360" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 30. Blowing thickened fuel into fuel tanks by use of

-cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen.</p></div>

-

-<p id="PARA_39a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Source of pressure</span>. When the pressure in cylinders of compressed

-air or nitrogen has fallen too low to be of further use in filling

-pressure tanks of flame throwers, the remaining pressure<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">42</a></span> may be used

-to blow fuel into fuel tanks if the regulator valve can reduce pressure

-down to 20 pounds per square inch. For precautions, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>.

-An air compressor or a hand air pump (tire pump) may be used in place

-of a cylinder if the latter is not available. Pressure of <span class="u">no more than

-15 to 20 pounds</span> per square inch should be used on the fuel drums. Only

-a diaphragm-type regulator valve can be used safely. This valve must be

-capable of regulating any pressure that may be applied to it.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_39b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Drums</span>. Clean, noncorroded, steel, 55-gallon drums should be used.

-Drums of United States manufacture which meet requirements will be

-stamped ICC-5 or ICC-5A, followed by three numbers in sequence, for

-example, “14-55-44.” The number “14” indicates the gage of the metal;

-“55” indicates the capacity in gallons; and “44” indicates the year

-of manufacture. A steel drum of 14 gage, or heavier, is preferable,

-but lighter drums (of 16 or 18 gage) may be used. Drums made of gages

-lighter than 18 gage (20-or 22-gage) must not be used. Drums should

-never be moved while under pressure.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_39c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Connections</span>. The source of pressure (see <a href="#PARA_39a"><span class="u">a</span></a> above), the drum

-of fuel, the fuel-filling line, the air hose, and other parts, are

-connected as shown in <a href="#Fig_30">Figure 30</a>. Threaded adapters are used, as

-necessary, to fit lines to the drum. All threaded connections should

-be made tight by the use of wrenches on the joints. The drum and the

-pressure cylinder (if the latter is used) should be laid on their sides

-on the ground or a platform. The opening of the drum connected to the

-fuel-filling hose should be close to the ground or platform. If tank

-group is filled without gun group, lock coupling plug (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>) in tank

-coupling.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_39d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Procedure</span>. To fill fuel tanks:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Remove both the filling and safety-head plugs.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign

-matter. If not clean, flush with gasoline.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) Place end of fuel-filling hose in either one of the two fuel-tank

-plug holes, using a nipple as a spout.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) Start air compressor or pump, or open the valve on the cylinder of

-compressed air or nitrogen. Open regulator valve on filling line by

-turning handle <span class="u">slowly</span> until gage shows 15 to 20 pounds pressure, but

-no more. <span class="u">Caution</span>: “Cracking,” or opening a cylinder valve without

-using the proper regulator valve (<a href="#PARA_39a">Par 39 <span class="u">a</span></a>), may result in explosive

-pressure in the drums.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) Both tanks must be filled to within 2 inches of their tops. Close

-valve on fuel-filling hose to halt flow at this level.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) If no additional flame throwers are to be filled, close

-pressure-cylinder valve, or stop compressor or pump. Then, using

-wrench, slightly loosen the air line at the drum, allowing pressure

-to bleed. When the pressure in the drum has fallen to that of the

-atmosphere, close regulator valve.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">43</a></span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(7) Roll drum slightly and gently until fuel-filling hose is at top of

-drum.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(8) If there are valves on each end of the fuel-filling hose, use

-wrench to slightly loosen hose, allowing gradual escape of pressure.

-Stand away from, and at the side of, the connection. Keep hose pointed

-away from other personnel. When all pressure has been released,

-complete unscrewing of hose.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(9) Wipe fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean, dry

-cloth. Then screw in filling plug and safety-head plug assemblies,

-applying grease (<a href="#PARA_49b">Par 49 <span class="u">b</span></a>) if plug tends to freeze to seat. Tighten

-with wrench. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_40">40. PRECAUTIONS WITH FUELS.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_40a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Flammability</span>. All fuels used in flame throwers obviously are

-highly flammable and must be handled, stored, and used with extreme

-care. Diesel oil, fuel oil, and kerosene require the same care as does

-gasoline.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Indoor storage</span>. When it becomes necessary to handle gasoline in

-a room or building, the windows and doors should be open and care

-taken that no unprotected flame which might ignite the fumes is in the

-vicinity. The doors and windows should remain open for a sufficient

-length of time afterward to allow any vaporized gasoline to escape.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Flames and sparks</span>. The presence of open flames, heated stoves,

-electrical tools and apparatus, and other equipment likely to cause

-sparks must not be permitted. Even nails and metal cleats in shoes are

-a potential hazard in the presence of combustible fumes.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Smoking</span>. “No Smoking” signs must be posted in prominent places

-about the premises and the rule against smoking must be strictly

-enforced.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Ventilation and cleaning</span>. The buildings in which fuel is stored

-or used must be well ventilated and thoroughly cleaned every day. No

-rubbish or other flammable material should be permitted to remain in or

-near such buildings.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Spillage</span>. Care should be taken that fuel is not spilled. Any

-spillage should be removed promptly.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Safety cans</span>. Safety cans should be used, if possible, for storing

-small quantities of gasoline, as they have covers that must be forcibly

-held open to remove or add gasoline.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Rags</span>. Metal receptacles with metal lids should be provided for

-discarded, oily, or gasoline-soaked rags. These rags must be disposed

-of daily.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Electrical apparatus</span>. Vaporproof incandescent electric lamps,

-switches, and other appliances of approved type should be used. Open

-switches, relays, and similar apparatus, or motors with commutators,

-must not be used where gasoline fumes may be encountered.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">44</a></span></p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u">Hose</span>. Flexible metal, rubber, and rubber-metal hose should be

-inspected regularly (at least four times a year) and discarded when

-noticeably deteriorated.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40k"><span class="u">k</span>. <span class="u">Toxic fumes</span>. Gasoline fumes are somewhat toxic and should not be

-inhaled.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40l"><span class="u">l</span>. <span class="u">Leaks</span>. Leaks must never be neglected, and the fact that gasoline

-is a dangerous liquid must always be kept in mind. Inspections for

-leaks should be made frequently, particularly at pipe and hose joints.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40m"><span class="u">m</span>. <span class="u">Fire extinguishers</span>. Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, or

-foam-type fire extinguishers should be provided and located where they

-will be accessible in the event of fire. Sand, not water, should be

-thrown on burning fuel if suitable extinguishers are not available.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_40n"><span class="u">n</span>. <span class="u">Leaded gasoline</span>. Gasoline often contains a poisonous lead

-compound. Such gasoline, or fuel containing leaded gasoline, should not

-be allowed to touch the body, especially the lips, eyes, open cuts, and

-sores.</p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_IX_OPERATION">Section IX OPERATION

-UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_41">41. WET CONDITIONS.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">The M2-2 flame thrower may be carried and fired successfully

-in the rain or even after short immersion in water. After use

-when wet, it should be dried to prevent rusting, cleaned, and

-lubricated. (Pars <a href="#PARA_49">49</a> and <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>) Areas where paint has worn off

-should be touched up with fresh paint. The weapon should be

-stored in a dry place. Moisture must not be allowed to enter

-fuel, ingredients of fuel, or containers of ignition cylinders.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_42">42. DUST AND MUD.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Keep all possible dust, earth, and mud out of the flame thrower;

-particles may interfere with the operation of spring case, valves,

-bearings, and pressure regulator. Store weapons and auxiliary equipment

-in closed chests and boxes when not in use. (<a href="#PARA_77">Par 77</a>) Clean before use.

-(Pars <a href="#PARA_51">51</a> and <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>)</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_43">43. HEAT.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">A hot climate or exposure to the sun makes the fuel thinner when in

-containers. Thin fuel has shorter range; it is largely consumed in the

-air before it reaches usual effective ranges. Where the climate is

-torrid, less gasoline or other thinning agents should be used in a fuel

-blend than normally. (Pars <a href="#PARA_34">34</a> through <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>)</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">45</a></span></p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_44">44. COLD.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Cold weather reduces total heat produced at target but seldom enough

-to seriously lower value of a firing mission. Incendiary effects may

-be decreased because materiel is less flammable when cold. The weapon

-may be used at temperatures as low as minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit. To

-improve ignition, use more gasoline in fuel than normally. (Pars <a href="#PARA_34">34</a>

-through <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>)</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_45">45. WIND.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Flame throwers should not be fired into strong head winds or across

-strong side winds. (<a href="#PARA_23">Par 23</a>)</p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_X_DEMOLITION">Section X DEMOLITION<br />

-TO PREVENT ENEMY USE</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_46">46. DESTRUCTION PROCEDURE.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">If circumstances should force abandonment of chemical warfare materiel

-in the field, it is destroyed or rendered useless to prevent its use or

-study by the enemy. The following methods are recommended:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_46a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Flame thrower</span>. One or more small-arms bullets through the fuel

-tanks will prevent any immediate use of the flame thrower. Additional

-rounds may be put through the pressure tank. If the pressure tank is

-charged, the pressure-tank valve should be opened for a few seconds,

-thus permitting the contents to dissipate. This is necessary if rounds

-are to be fired point-blank. The gun may be rendered useless by bending

-it over a hard object. A sledge or ax will demolish valves and tubes. A

-fragmentation grenade will also achieve demolition.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_46b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Filling and charging apparatus</span>. The flexible tubing, gages, and

-valves may be destroyed by blows with an ax, sledge, or other heavy

-instrument. The large pressure cylinders are rendered useless by

-releasing the contents and then destroying the valves by blows with an

-ax or sledge. Cylinders can be stacked like cordwood in groups of five

-and demolished by the detonation of four 1/2-pound blocks (2 pounds) of

-TNT in their midst. The air compressor may be destroyed by a similar

-procedure.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_46c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Fuel</span>. Burn.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_46d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Mixing apparatus</span>. Containers and filling lines may be rendered

-useless by ax or sledge blows, or by small-arms fire.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_46e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Thickener</span>. Cans of thickener should be broken open. Contents

-should be thrown into a fire or into a body of water.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_46f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Ignition cylinders</span>. Burn to destroy. Personnel should stay

-several yards from the fire because the cylinders ignite with a slight

-detonation.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">46</a></span></p>

-

-<h2 class="chapter" id="PART_THREE">PART THREE<br />

-<br />

-MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS</h2>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<h3 id="Section_XI_GENERAL">Section XI GENERAL</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_47">47. SCOPE.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Part Three contains information for the guidance of the personnel of

-the using organizations responsible for the maintenance (1st and 2nd

-echelon) of this equipment. It contains information needed for the

-performance of the scheduled lubrication and preventive maintenance

-services as well as descriptions of the major systems and units and

-their functions in relation to other components of the equipment.</p>

-

-<h3 id="Section_XII_SPECIAL_ORGANIZATIONAL">Section XII SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL

-TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_48">48. SERVICE KIT.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">One service kit for portable flame thrower M2-2 will be furnished

-for each six M2-2 portable flame throwers. The kit includes tools,

-equipment, and spare parts for second echelon maintenance and for

-pressure-tank charging. Adjustable wrenches may be included in place of

-the plain-end wrenches listed. Numbers listed with items are Chemical

-Warfare Service stock numbers. Approximate contents are as follows:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_48a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Tools.</span></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Screwdriver, cabinet, 4-1/2-inch blade length, 3/16-inch blade

-diameter, H22-50-13. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Screw driver, common, 6-inch blade length, 5/16-inch blade diameter,

-H22-50-6. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">2 Wrenches, hex, 3/16 inch across flats (for 3/8-inch socket-head set

-screws), H22-49-91.</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">2 Wrenches, hex, 1/8 inch across flats (for 1/4-inch socket-head set

-screws), H22-49-12. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">47</a></span></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, valve-adjusting, assembly A81-6-48. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-1/2-inch openings, 12 inches

-approx length, H22-49-113. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, engineers’, double head, 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch openings, 9

-inches approx length, H22-49-115. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-3/4-inch openings, 12 inches

-approx length, A81-6-49. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, engineers’, single head, 1-1/8-inch opening, 10-1/2 inches

-approx length, H22-49-31. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, adjustable, single end, 6 inches approx length

-(crescent-type), H22-49-67. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_48b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Accessories and spare parts.</span></p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Line, filling, pressure cylinder, assembly C81-3-4. (<a href="#Fig_23">Fig 23</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Hose, flexible, assembly E81-3-6. (<a href="#Fig_24">Fig 24</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">2 Lines, charging, pressure cylinder, assembly B81-3-29. (<a href="#Fig_23">Fig 23</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Tank and valve, pressure, assembly (less shaft and handle) B81-1-374.

-(<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Shaft, flexible, valve, assembly E81-1-470. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Handle, valve, A81-1-473. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Nut, machine-screw, hex, 5/16-inch, 24NF-2, H22-93-55. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">2 Case, spring, assemblies B81-1-444. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">2 Diaphragm, valve, assemblies A81-1-416. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Hose, fuel, flame thrower, M1, assembly B81-1-498. (<a href="#Fig_48">Fig 48</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">2 Plugs, coupling, E81-1-514. (<a href="#Fig_7">Fig 7</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">6 Heads, safety, R81-1-561. (<a href="#Fig_39">Fig 39</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Gage, fuel tank testing, assembly E81-6-57. (This assembly includes a

-plug drilled, tapped, and fitted with a 0-500-pound pressure gage.)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">3 Washers, coupling, A81-1-513. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">2 Cord, cotton, seine, No. 4 hard braided, mildewproof, O.D., (1/8-inch

-diameter by 25-feet skeins), H100-4-5.</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">6 Bushings, pipe, head, 3/4 inch by 1/2 inch, (galvanized iron),

-H98-5-93. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Regulator, pressure, assembly B81-1-438. (Figs 33 and 37)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Compound, anti-seize, white lead base, (for threaded fittings)

-1/4-pound can, H99-3-12.</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">2 Gages, pressure cylinder testing, assembly B81-6-90. (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig 32</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Catalog CW7-440114, Army Service Forces, “Portable Flame Thrower

-M2-2.”</p>

-

-<p class="hangingindent4">1 Technical Manual 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower M2-2.”</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">48</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_31">

-<img src="images/i_p048.jpg" width="600" height="298" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 31. Lubrication order.</p>

-

-<p class="noindent small">To requisition a replacement

-Lubrication Order address

-Office of the Chief, Chemical

-Warfare Service, Washington

-25, D. C.</p>

-

-<p class="noindent small">NOT TO BE REPRODUCED

-in whole or in part without permission

-of the Office of the

-Chief, Chemical Warfare Service.</p>

-

-<p class="noindent sansserif"><b>NO. 4001</b></p>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="lubrication">

-<tr>

-<th class="tdc normal bord_bot" colspan="4">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&nbsp;<span class="sansserif">KEY</span>&nbsp;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc bord_left bord_right bord_bot" colspan="2"><span class="sansserif">LUBRICANTS</span></td>

-<td class="bord_bot">&nbsp;</td>

-<td class="tdl bord_right bord_bot"><span class="sansserif">INTERVALS</span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdr bord_left"><span class="sansserif">CG-</span></td>

-<td class="tdl bord_right"><span class="sansserif">GREASE,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><span class="sansserif">1-</span></td>

-<td class="tdl bord_right"><span class="sansserif">AFTER EACH MISSION</span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="bord_left">&nbsp;</td>

-<td class="tdl bord_right"><span class="sansserif">GENERAL PURPOSE</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><span class="sansserif">6-</span></td>

-<td class="tdl bord_right"><span class="sansserif">AFTER SIX MISSIONS</span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc bord_left bord_right" colspan="2"><span class="sansserif">NO. 1 (ABOVE + 32°F)</span></td>

-<td class="tdc bord_right" colspan="2"><span class="sansserif">OR MORE OFTEN</span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc bord_left bord_right bord_bot" colspan="2"><span class="sansserif">NO. O (BELOW + 32°F)</span></td>

-<td class="bord_right bord_bot" colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc" colspan="4">

-<span class="sansserif small">THIS ORDER IS TO BE FASTENED TO INSIDE LID OF FLAME THROWER<br />

-PACKING CHEST.</span></td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<p class="noindent small">Copy of this Lubrication Order will remain with the equipment at all

-times; instructions contained therein are mandatory and supersede all

-conflicting lubrication Instructions dated prior to <span class="sansserif large"><b>5 MAY 1944</b></span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent">By order of the Secretary of War:<br />

-<span class="add2em">G. C. Marshall, Chief of Staff.</span></p>

-

-<p class="noindent">Official:<br />

-<span class="add1em">J. A. Ulio,</span><br />

-<span class="add2em">Major General,</span><br />

-<span class="add3em">The Adjutant General.</span></p>

-</div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">49</a></span></p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XIII_LUBRICATION">Section XIII LUBRICATION</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_49">49. LUBRICATION.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_49a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Gun group</span>. War Department Lubrication Order No. 4001

-(<a href="#Fig_31">Fig 31</a>) shows the parts which require lubrication, the lubricants,

-and the intervals.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Lubricants</span>. Grease, general purpose, No. 1 is used,

-except for temperatures below freezing, when grease, general

-purpose. No. 0 is used. The bearing surfaces should be lightly

-coated with the grease.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Frequency of lubrication</span>. The surfaces of the ignition-head

-body which touch the spring case should be lubricated after

-each use of the weapon. Other parts are lubricated after six

-firing missions, six training sessions, or oftener. All should

-be thoroughly cleaned (Pars <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>, and <a href="#PARA_56">56</a>) with gasoline,

-dry cleaning solvent, or other solvent, then dried before lubrication.

-If the gun is disassembled for any other reason, it should

-be lubricated before reassembly.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Records</span>. To ascertain when six missions have been fired, a record

-of firing (<a href="#PARA_2">Par 2</a>) should be kept with each flame thrower.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_49b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Tank group</span>. The tank group ordinarily requires no lubrication.

-However, it may under the following exceptional circumstances:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) If the tank group has been immersed in water for several hours,

-the flexible shaft of the pressure valve may have lost its lubricant.

-If so, remove the shaft (<a href="#PARA_66b">Par 66 <span class="u">b</span></a>) and inspect. If lubricant is not

-present, as indicated by difficulty of movement after removal, dip

-the shaft in solvent to clean and then dip in warmed grease, general

-purpose, No. 1. Replace shaft in valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) If filling or safety-head plugs (Figs <a href="#PARA_39">39</a> and <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>) tend to stick

-to fuel tanks, apply grease, general purpose, No. 1 (No. 0 if below

-freezing temperatures) before replacing plugs.</p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XIV_PREVENTIVE">Section XIV PREVENTIVE

-MAINTENANCE SERVICES</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_50">50. GENERAL</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">Preventive maintenance services, as prescribed by Army Regulations,

-are a function of using organization echelons of maintenance.

-These services consist of:</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">50</a></span></p>

-

-<p id="PARA_50a"><span class="u">a</span>. Before, during, and after operation services performed by

-the firers and assistants.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_50b"><span class="u">b</span>. Scheduled services performed by organizational maintenance

-personnel (service when filling and charging, and service

-after six firing missions).</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_51">51. BEFORE-OPERATION SERVICE OF TANK GROUP.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">The following services are to be performed before filling,

-charging, and loading the flame thrower with pressure, fuel, and

-ignition cylinder:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_51a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>. Open and close pressure-tank valve

-to test for ease of operation.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_51b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Threaded connections</span>. Check all threaded connections for

-tightness, using appropriate wrenches.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_51c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Tank coupling</span>. Examine coupling for cleanliness and ease

-of movement of lock and cams. (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>) Clean if necessary.

-If washer is broken, replace, using screw driver to pry out.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_51d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Plugs</span>. Check filling plug and safety-head plug for completeness

-of parts (<a href="#PARA_69a">Par 69 <span class="u">a</span></a>) and cleanliness of threads and seats. Clean, if

-necessary, with cloth. If rod or rod and chain have broken off and

-fallen in tank, turn tank upside down and remove. Remove deflector

-tube from head (using hand, not wrench). Inspect to see if diaphragm

-is intact. If diaphragm is ruptured, replace the safety head with an

-unbroken head. (<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 b, c</a>) Reassemble plug, head, and deflector tube

-in left fuel tank. (<a href="#Fig_11">Fig 11</a>) Tube should face to rear and at a 45-degree

-angle to operator’s left shoulder. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>) Screw in deflector tube by

-hand; do not use wrench on deflector tube. Tighten lock nut with wrench.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_51e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Pressure-tank clamp</span>. The clamp should hold the pressure

-tank tightly in place. If tank is loose, a wooden splint or wedge

-under the clamp may be used as a temporary expedient.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_51f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Carrier-frame bolts</span>. Check tightness. Use wrench.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_51g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Carrier</span>. (<a href="#PARA_71">Par 71</a>) Examine all canvas, webbing, and cord

-for signs of mildew, rot, or wear. Replace defective parts. Move

-flame thrower to dryer storage if mildew occurs.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_51h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Cord (lashing)</span>. Check for tightness. If necessary, make

-tighter and use secure, slip-proof knots. When the tank group

-is filled with fuel and adjusted on the firer, its weight should be

-carried chiefly by the canvas and webbing, not by the metal frame.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_51i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Shoulder and body straps</span>. Adjust straps to fit firer. (Pars

-<a href="#PARA_19">19</a> and <a href="#PARA_71">71</a>) A loose tank group can cause discomfort or injury

-when the wearer changes positions while on a mission. Check

-presence and condition of the two pins and two cotter pins which

-hold shoulder straps to steel support. Check fasteners.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_52">52. BEFORE-OPERATION SERVICE OF GUN GROUP.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">The following services are to be performed before filling, charging,

-and loading with pressure, fuel, and ignition cylinder:</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">51</a></span></p>

-

-<p id="PARA_52a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Hose nipple, tank end</span>. Examine to be sure nipple is clean

-and not badly nicked. If badly nicked, the nipple may not make

-a tight seal at the tank coupling. A leak and loss of pressure

-may result. See Paragraph <a href="#PARA_73d">73 <span class="u">d</span></a> for repair of the nipple.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_52b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Fuel hose</span>. Examine surface of hose for cracks or other signs of

-deterioration. Special attention should be paid to portions adjacent to

-the gun and tank coupling, which are subjected to severe flexing. If

-hose is defective, replace. (<a href="#PARA_73b">Par 73 <span class="u">b</span>, <span class="u">c</span></a>) Do not patch.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_52c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Hose nipple, gun end</span>. Check tightness of threaded connection

-between hose and fuel-valve body, using hand or very light wrench

-pressure.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_52d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Shield</span>. Remove ignition shield. Check cleanliness of

-threads on shield and on ignition-head body. If not clean, use

-cloth. When reassembling (<a href="#PARA_18c">Par 18 <span class="u">c</span></a>), shield should turn freely

-until it locks in correct position.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_52e"><span class="u">e. Valve lever and needle.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) There should be some play in

-the valve lever. To test, remove ignition shield. Compress grip

-safety and valve lever slowly, observing the motion of the valve

-needle. The valve lever should move approximately 1/16 inch

-before the needle begins to move.</p>

-

-<p class="p2" id="PARA_52e2">(2) Valve needle should be seated firmly in the barrel nozzle.

-After the valve lever is pulled back and released, no play should

-occur in the needle. For adjustment of needle, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_75d">75 <span class="u">d</span></a>.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_52f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Screws</span>. Use screw driver to test tightness of all screws.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_52g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Spring retainer and plug</span>. Check tightness of spring retainer

-and plug (<a href="#Fig_47">Fig 47</a>) by using hand or very light wrench pressure.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_52h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Ignition head</span>. All exposed surfaces of the shield, nozzle,

-needle, and other parts of the ignition head, or adjacent to it, should

-be clean. If not, use cloth.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_52i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Atomizer hole</span>. With the fuel valve held fully open, insert

-a fine wire in the atomizer hole of the nozzle to clean the hole.

-Then use cloth-wrapped splint to remove from the inside of the

-nozzle any foreign matter pushed through the atomizer hole. If

-such matter is not removed, it may interfere with the closing of

-the fuel valve needle at the nozzle. Repeat procedure in <a href="#PARA_52e2"><span class="u">e</span> (2)</a>

-above.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_52j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u">Spring case</span>. Spring case should turn freely on ignition head.

-If it does not, clean any grease or dirt from, surfaces with cloth

-and relubricate. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_52k"><span class="u">k</span>. <span class="u">Trigger</span>. Pull trigger once or twice to find whether it operates

-easily and whether it returns to position. If not, clean and

-lubricate trigger. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>) Check condition of trigger spring.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_52l"><span class="u">l</span>. <span class="u">Trigger rod</span>. Check position of the trigger rod when trigger

-is pulled back all the way as when firing. The rod should

-extend approximately 1/16 inch beyond the end of the lug in the

-ignition head. If it does not, bend the rod slightly, reverse position

-of bearing, or replace worn parts.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">52</a></span></p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_53">53. SERVICE WHEN FILLING AND CHARGING.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_53a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Inspection of fuel tanks</span>. Just before filling and charging,

-remove plugs (<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 <span class="u">b</span></a>) and examine interior of fuel tanks to see

-whether they are clean and free from foreign matter. If not clean,

-flush with gasoline until clean.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_53b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Fuel level</span>. When filling (Pars <a href="#PARA_37">37</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>), see that fuel

-reaches the same level in both tanks. If leveling does not occur,

-the tank connector may be clogged with foreign matter. If so, clean,

-as in <span class="u">a</span>, above. After filling, wipe plug seats with a cloth before

-replacing plugs. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_53c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>. Before charging the tank group with

-air or nitrogen, open and close the pressure-tank valve several

-times by hand to be sure it operates freely. If it does not, adjust

-as described in Paragraph <a href="#PARA_66d">66 <span class="u">d</span></a>.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_32">

-<img src="images/i_p052.jpg" width="600" height="435" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 32. Testing pressure tank and valve, using 0-3,000-pound

-testing gage from service kit.</p></div>

-

-<p id="PARA_53d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Testing for leaks in pressure system</span>. After charging, and

-as few hours as possible before a mission, use an 0-3,000-pound

-gage furnished in service kit to test pressure. (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig 32</a>) To install

-gage, unscrew check-valve cap and screw gage in check-valve

-body. If pressure has fallen below that to which the tank was

-charged (<a href="#PARA_32">Par 32</a>), a leak is indicated. Remove gage, replace

-check-valve cap, and check for leaks at joints between pressure

-tank and valve and between tank valve and check valve. (A wrench

-should be used to tighten cap on check-valve body so as to avoid

-producing an additional leak.) Large leaks can be felt or heard.

-Small leaks can be detected by coating joints with soap-and-water

-solution. Bubbles indicate leaks. If a leak is revealed between<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">53</a></span>

-pressure tank and pressure-tank valve, or between check valve

-and pressure-tank valve, replace all three as a unit. If tests do

-not show up the leak the tank may have been improperly charged.

-It should be recharged and then retested.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_54">54. SERVICE WHEN FIRING.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_54a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Failure to ignite</span>. Pull trigger repeatedly. If ignition cylinder

-still fails to ignite, dirt may be wedged in ignition head.

-Unscrew shield one-half turn. Screw it back, rapping shield with

-the hand while turning. This should dislodge foreign matter.

-Pull trigger again. Repeat procedure, if necessary.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_54b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Safety head “blows” (breaks)</span>. If safety head breaks, firing

-mission cannot be carried out. On return, have head replaced.

-(<a href="#PARA_69">Par 69</a>) Follow test procedure. (<a href="#PARA_56b">Par 56 <span class="u">b</span></a>)</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_55">55. SERVICE AFTER FIRING.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_55a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Unloading</span>. Remove ignition cylinder (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>), close pressure-tank

-valve, and blow out remaining fuel and pressure. (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_55b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of equipment</span>. Release the body straps, then the

-shoulder straps. If prone, lie on side and allow tank group to

-roll off onto ground. If standing or kneeling, take care that tank

-group does not drop on feet or legs.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_55c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Correcting or reporting</span>. Correct any failures or difficulties

-or report them as soon as possible to service or maintenance

-personnel.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_55d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Gun</span>. Remove shield (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>) and clean interior of shield

-with cloth. Clean holes in shield with wire or wooden splint.

-Clean external surfaces of barrel, nozzle, needle, and other parts.

-Check cleanliness and adjustment of needle. (<a href="#PARA_75d">Par 75 <span class="u">d</span></a>) Check

-trigger for operation. Lubricate. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_55e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Fuel tanks and passages</span>. Remove plugs (<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 <span class="u">b</span></a>). Drain

-any remaining fuel. Use gasoline to remove residues of thickened

-fuels before they have a chance to harden and obstruct passages.

-If necessary, fill tanks with gasoline and allow to stand

-for several hours, shaking occasionally. Drain and repeat if

-necessary.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_55f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Safety head</span>. Check head to see if it is ruptured; if it is, replace.

-(<a href="#PARA_69">Par 69</a>) Follow test procedure. (<a href="#PARA_56b">Par 56 <span class="u">b</span></a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_55g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>. If weapon is to be stored, open

-pressure-tank valve and leave it open until next charging.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_55h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Carrier</span>. Scrub, if necessary, with soap and water, or

-gasoline.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_55i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Exterior metal surfaces</span>. Scrub exterior metal surfaces

-clean of fuel to prevent fire hazard. Allow to dry before using

-again.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_55j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u">General inspection</span>. Carefully examine all other parts,

-adjust as necessary, and replace any which are damaged.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">54</a></span></p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_56">56. SERVICE AFTER SIX FIRING MISSIONS.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">After the flame thrower has been used on six firing missions

-or the equivalent in training work, experienced personnel should

-follow these directions:</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_56a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Before-operation and after-operation service</span>. Follow the

-same procedures as in Paragraphs 52, 53, and 55.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_56b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Test firing (or simulated firing).</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) If tactical conditions

-permit test firing at a suitable test range (<a href="#PARA_15">Par 15</a>), fill the fuel

-tanks with fuel. (Pars <a href="#PARA_37">37</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) If test firing with fuel is impracticable, fill fuel tanks with

-clean water. (Be sure to dry all parts after test.)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Remove filling-plug assembly</span>. (<a href="#PARA_69">Par 69</a>) Fish out the retainer

-rod and chain by means of a bent wire.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) Do not unscrew the safety-head plug.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) Insert the testing plug with 0-to 500-pound pressure gage

-(plug and gage are from service kit) in the filling-plug opening.

-Tighten testing plug in seat with wrench.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) Fully charge pressure tank. (<a href="#PARA_32">Par 32</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(7) If test firing with fuel, load ignition cylinder. (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(8) Open pressure-tank valve and simultaneously observe

-pressure in fuel tanks by reading gage. The gage indicates the

-pressure in both tanks. It should be between 350 and 390 pounds

-per square inch.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(9) Read the gage at the expiration of not less than 5 minutes.

-The tanks should have a pressure reading of not more than 390

-pounds. If the pressure continues to increase beyond 390 pounds

-and the safety head blows, replace the safety head and the pressure

-regulator.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(10) Fire by operating controls (or simulate firing if tanks are

-filled with water). The burst should last 3 seconds, during which

-time the pressure should not drop below 260 pounds.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(11) If the pressure does not conform to the requirements

-stated in (8), (9), and (10), adjust the pressure regulator upward

-or downward. (<a href="#PARA_67d">Par 67 <span class="u">d</span></a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(12) While the above test firing is proceeding, check for leaks

-at all joints and connections on the tank group. The pressure

-system should be checked by painting the joints with soap-and-water

-solution and by looking for bubbles which indicate leaks.

-For replacement of parts where pressure leaks, see Paragraph

-66. Fuel leaks may be seen without soap and water. For repair

-of fuel leaks, see Paragraph 75 <span class="u">e</span>. The nozzle should be

-observed by removing the ignition shield. Nozzle leaks are corrected

-by cleaning, adjusting needle (<a href="#PARA_75d">Par 75 <span class="u">d</span></a>), or by regrinding.

-(<a href="#PARA_75e">Par 75 <span class="u">e</span></a>) If this is not successful, replace both needle and barrel

-as a unit.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_56c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Fuel valve</span>. Discharge all pressure from the gun by operating

-the fuel valve. Carefully remove the valve grip and grip

-support. (<a href="#PARA_74">Par 74</a>) Look for signs of leakage at the valve diaphragm.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">55</a></span>

-If a leak is present, replace valve-diaphragm assembly.

-(Pars <a href="#PARA_75b">75 <span class="u">b</span></a> and <a href="#PARA_75c">75 <span class="u">c</span></a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_56d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Valve grip</span>. Disassemble the valve grip (<a href="#PARA_74">Par 74</a>) and lubricate.

-(<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_56e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Carrier</span>. Tighten the carrier cord.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_56f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Gun interior</span>. If thickened fuel has been fired, disassemble

-the gun. All parts should be cleaned of accumulations of

-dried fuel. Lubricate (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>) and reassemble. If liquid fuel

-has been fired, flush gun with clean gasoline. Disassemble only

-enough to lubricate. Reassemble.</p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XV">Section XV<br />

-<br />

-TROUBLE SHOOTING</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_57">57. PRECAUTIONS.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">First, remove the ignition cylinder. Then, before disassembling,

-servicing, or repairing parts which may be under pressure, be

-sure to release the pressure. Remove fuel, when necessary.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_58">58. FUEL LEAKS.</h4>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="fuel leaks">

-<tr>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span>.&nbsp;Defective&nbsp;or damaged valve-diaphragm

-assembly.</span></td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">If leak is observed in valve grip,

-disassemble. (<a href="#PARA_74">Par 74</a>) If diaphragm is torn, or damaged in any other

-way, remove and replace. (<a href="#PARA_75">Par 75</a>)</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span>. Defective threaded connections on fuel lines.</span></td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Disconnect, using wrenches. If

-thread is stripped or badly damaged, replace the threaded part. If

-threads appear to be sound, clean them and reconnect. If leak is

-between tank coupling and tank connector or between hose and fuel-valve

-body, apply anti-seize compound before rescrewing. Tighten joint with

-wrenches.</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span>. Dirt or foreign matter on seats or threads.</span></td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Clean parts carefully with cloth

-before reassembling.</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58d"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">d</span>. Leak at nozzle.</span></td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Adjust needle. (<a href="#PARA_75d">Par 75 <span class="u">d</span></a>)

-If leak persists, either replace needle and barrel as a unit or

-use lapping compound on parts. Turn needle in seat until parts

-make a tight connection when seated. Remove lapping compound and

-reassemble.</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58e"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">e</span>. Worn body of hose.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">56</a></span></td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Replace fuel-hose assembly. (<a href="#PARA_73">Par 73</a>)</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58f"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">f</span>. Leak at tank coupling.</span></td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Remove and replace coupling washer if

-damaged. (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>) If hose nipple, tank end, is damaged, repair nipple

-(<a href="#PARA_73d">Par 73 <span class="u">d</span></a>) or replace fuel-hose assembly.</p></td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_59">59. SAFETY HEAD “BLOWS” (BREAKS).</h4>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="safety head blows">

-<tr>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_59a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span>. Defective safety head.</span></td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Replace with new safety head.

-(<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 <span class="u">b</span></a>)</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_59b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span>. Defective pressure regulator.</span></td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">If replacement safety head also

-breaks, follow test procedure in

-Paragraph 56 <span class="u">b</span> to determine

-whether pressure regulator

-needs adjustment or is defective.</p></td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_60">60. CARRIER UNCOMFORTABLE.</h4>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="carrier uncomfortable">

-<tr>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_60a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span>. Cord becomes loose or breaks.</span></td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent"> Use only hard-braided seine

-cord furnished in service kit for replacements. Lace tightly as shown

-in <a href="#Fig_46">Figure 46</a>, using slip-proof knots at ends.</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_60b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span>. Straps not adjusted to fit wearer.</span></td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Adjust straps to fit each new

-wearer. Tank group must be high on back and snug on body. (Pars <a href="#PARA_19">19</a> and

-<a href="#PARA_71">71</a>)</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_60c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span>. Carrier frame presses on wearer’s back.</span></td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Cord is too loose. Tighten

-cord. Use slip-proof knots at ends.</p></td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_61">61. SHORT RANGE.</h4>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="short range">

-<tr>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_61a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span></span>. Stream of burning fuel issues at an angle or in a very broad spray.</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent"> Fuel valve is not fully open because of:</p>

-<p class="indent">(1) Faulty operation. Be sure to compress controls

-all the way when firing. (<a href="#PARA_26">Par 26</a>)</p>

-<p class="indent">(2) Improper adjustment or assembly of valve. To

-correct, see Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_74">74</a> and <a href="#PARA_75">75</a>.</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_61b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span></span>. Rapid drop of range during a burst.</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Pressure-tank valve is not

-fully open. Open all the way. If this is not effective, test pressure

-regulator. (<a href="#PARA_67d">Par 67 <span class="u">d</span></a>)</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_61c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span></span>. Shorter range in each successive burst.</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Pressure tank is not fully charged.</p>

-<p class="indent">(1) Before firing be sure tank is

-charged to at least 1,700 pounds<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">57</a></span>

-per square inch. (<a href="#PARA_32">Par 32</a>)</p>

-<p class="indent">(2) Check for leaks to make sure

-pressure has not decreased

-since charging. (<a href="#PARA_53d">Par 53 <span class="u">d</span></a>)</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_61d"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">d</span></span>. Short range with longer time of discharge than 8 to 9 seconds.</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Dried fuel or other foreign

-matter is in fuel lines. Disassemble and clean.</p></td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_62">62. FUEL-VALVE FAILURE.</h4>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="toc">

-<tr>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt">Valve fails to close when controls are

-released.</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">(1) Work the

-grip safety to trip the valve lever.</p>

-<p class="indent">(2) Foreign matter may be in barrel, or barrel may be

-dented. If dented, replace barrel and needle as a unit. If not dented,

-disassemble and clean. (Pars <a href="#PARA_74">74</a> and <a href="#PARA_75">75</a>)</p></td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_63">63. FAILURE OF IGNITION CYLINDER TO IGNITE.</h4>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="failure of ignition cylinder to ignite">

-<tr>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_63a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span></span>. Match in cylinder moves but incendiary charge does not ignite.</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Pull trigger repeatedly. If

-cylinder does not ignite, remove cylinder (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>) and examine.</p>

-<p class="indent"> (1) If matches have been pushed flush with inner

-surface of cylinder body, the cylinder is defective. Destroy. (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>)

-Replace.</p>

-<p class="indent">(2) If matches project 1/16 inch or more from

-cylinder, ignition head is defective. Disassemble ignition head

-(<a href="#PARA_76b">Par 76 <span class="u">b</span></a>) and examine. Replace parts as necessary. (<a href="#PARA_76">Par 76</a>

-<span class="u">c</span>)</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_63b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span></span>. Cylinder does not rotate to bring new charge into position.</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">(1) Spring case is not free to

-rotate because of dirt. Clean and lubricate. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>

-<p class="indent"> (2) Cylinder is improperly loaded. (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>)</p>

-<p class="indent"> (3) Ignition cylinder binds on barrel because of

-dirt or excessive warping of ignition cylinders from heat of firing.

-Remove and destroy (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>) ignition cylinder. Reload.</p>

-<p class="indent"> (4) Spring case is defective. Replace as a unit.

-(<a href="#PARA_76b">Par 76 <span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76c"><span class="u">c</span></a>)</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">58</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_63c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span></span>. Trigger does not return to normal position (with ignition cylinder in place).</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">1) When on a mission, use

-fingers on trigger to pull back to normal position.</p>

-<p class="indent"> (2) If time permits, remove trigger rod. (<a href="#PARA_76b">Par 76 <span class="u">b</span></a>) Clean rod and hole in which rod slides.

-Lubricate. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)

-Reassemble. (<a href="#PARA_76c">Par 76 <span class="u">c</span></a>)</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_63d"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">d</span></span>. Lack of spring tension at trigger.</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Trigger spring is off hook of

-trigger, off spring screw, or broken. Replace where necessary.</p></td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_64">64. FAILURE OF FUEL TO IGNITE.</h4>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="failure of fuel to ignite">

-<tr>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>

-<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_64a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span></span>. Atomizer hole clogged.</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Clean with fine wire. (<a href="#PARA_52i">Par 52 <span class="u">i</span></a>)</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_64b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span></span>. Fuel troubles at low temperature.</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">(1) At temperatures below minus

-20 degrees Fahrenheit, ignition of any standard fuel is uncertain.

-Operation at these temperatures should be avoided unless tests of fuels

-by firing with flame throwers are first made.</p>

-<p class="indent"> (2) At temperatures above minus 20 degrees

-Fahrenheit, no difficulty should be experienced with thickened

-gasoline. When blended fuels are used, the ratio of gasoline content

-should be increased as temperature decreases.</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_64c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span></span>. Failure of ignition cylinder.</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">See Paragraph <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>.</p></td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XVI">Section XVI<br />

-<br />

-TANK GROUP</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_65">65. GENERAL.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">The tank group stores fuel and pressure. The fuel is placed under

-pressure when the pressure-tank valve is opened. The tank

-group is supported upon the firer’s back and shoulders by the

-carrier.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">59</a></span></p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_66">66. PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLY.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_66a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. The pressure tank and valve

-assembly (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>) includes:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Pressure tank</span>. The pressure tank is a lightweight, airplane-type

-cylinder, able to withstand the great pressure which

-it contains. The tank is charged with air or nitrogen at 1,700 to

-2,100 pounds per square inch pressure by use of auxiliary equipment

-as described in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_31">31</a> and <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>. This pressure stays

-in the pressure tank until the weapon is ready to be fired. Opening

-of the pressure-tank valve releases air or nitrogen through

-the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks. Oxygen or combustible

-gases are never used in the tank because a violent explosion may

-result. The tank is large in capacity to assure ample pressure,

-and hence full range, for the entire load of fuel. The pressure-tank

-clamp (<a href="#Fig_39">Fig 39</a>), a steel-strap device with hinge and toggle-type

-latch, holds the pressure tank in place on the fuel tanks.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a> and <a href="#Fig_34">34</a>) This valve is

-screwed into the bottom of the pressure tank. The valve stem

-slides into the valve end of the valve flexible shaft. When opened

-by means of the valve handle and valve flexible shaft, the valve

-permits passage of compressed air or nitrogen through tubes

-and the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks. The valve is of the

-quick-opening, packless, diaphragm type.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Pressure-valve handle and valve flexible shaft</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a>

-and <a href="#Fig_34">34</a>) The pressure-valve handle is held by a small nut on the

-end of the valve flexible shaft, which in turn is connected to the

-pressure-tank valve by means of the valve stem and a large hex

-nut. The handle and shaft extend to the right of the tank group,

-enabling the firer to open and close the valve without assistance

-when carrying the weapon. The handle slips over the end of the

-shaft and is held to it by a nut. The shaft is held to one of the

-fuel tanks by a clamp, nut, and bolt welded to the tank.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Check valve</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a> through <a href="#Fig_35">35</a>) The check valve has

-the same function as the valve on a vehicular tire tube, but it is

-much heavier in construction and different in design because the

-pressure in the flame thrower is 50 times greater than that in an

-automobile tire tube. Connected by threads to the pressure valve,

-the check valve permits compressed air or nitrogen to enter the

-pressure tank during charging (Pars <a href="#PARA_31">31</a> and <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>) but prevents

-its escape when the outside source of pressure is removed. The

-cap is removed from the check valve only for charging or testing.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_66b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal</span>. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>) To prevent damage to threads, leaks,

-and loss of pressure and range, remove pressure tank and valve

-assembly only when necessary.</p>

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">60</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_33">

-<img src="images/i_p060.jpg" width="600" height="309" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 33. Pressure system disassembled, showing

-nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for

-requisitioning spare parts.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Release of pressure</span>. Be sure all pressure has been released

-from the pressure system before disassembling or removing

-any part or assembly of the pressure system. To release

-pressure, operate fuel valve (<a href="#PARA_26">Par 26</a>) and hold open until<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">61</a></span>

-pressure is exhausted. As an added precaution, personnel should

-avoid facing the connections when disconnecting parts or assemblies.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Removal procedure</span>. After release of all pressure:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Loosen the clamp from the valve flexible shaft.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Using wrench, unscrew the large hex nut which holds

-the flexible shaft on the pressure-tank valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Pull the valve flexible shaft and handle free of the valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Using wrench, unscrew the flared tube nut on the regulator

-tube adjacent to the pressure-tank valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Open pressure-tank clamp (<a href="#Fig_39">Fig 39</a>) and swing clamp

-strap outward.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) Remove the pressure tank together with the pressure-tank

-valve and check valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">g</span>) To remove valve handle, use the adjustable-end wrench

-to loosen and remove nut from threaded outer end of valve flexible

-shaft. Slide out the valve handle.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_34">

-<img src="images/i_p061.jpg" width="600" height="526" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 34. Lower portion of pressure system, assembled.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">62</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35">

-<img src="images/i_p062.jpg" width="600" height="345" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 35. Check valve (cross section).</p></div>

-

-<p id="PARA_66c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a> and <a href="#Fig_39">39</a>) To install:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Insert pressure tank (with pressure-tank valve and check

-valve mounted on the tank) through the pressure-tank clamp. Be

-sure to aline the regulator tube, elbow, and pressure-tank valve

-threads carefully so that they cannot be damaged when connecting.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Close the pressure-tank clamp.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) Start the threaded connections by hand to be sure they are

-well alined. Do not force. Use wrench for final tightening, but do

-not apply great torque to the wrench.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) Insert the valve flexible shaft through small clamp into

-the pressure-tank valve. Using wrench, tighten the large hex

-nut located between shaft and valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) Tighten the clamp on the valve flexible shaft.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) Place pressure-valve handle on threaded end of the shaft.

-Place nut on threaded end and tighten with adjustable-end wrench.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_66d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Adjustment</span>. If valve handle cannot be turned by hand:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Remove flexible shaft and handle. Never apply a wrench

-to these parts.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Turn end of pressure-valve stem with wrench to open

-valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) If stem will not turn, replace the tank and valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) If stem turns, work it back and forth with wrench.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) Reconnect flexible shaft and handle.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) If handle does not turn easily, repeat the process until

-handle turns, or replace tank and valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(7) Close valve before charging tank.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_66e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) If either pressure tank, pressure-tank valve, or check

-valve are damaged or defective, all three must be replaced as a

-unit. No attempt may be made to repair any of these parts or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">63</a></span>

-their connections. If makeshift repairs or improvised parts are

-devised, serious accidents can result because of the extremely

-high pressures to which the equipment is subjected.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Keep all threaded connections tightened. If a leak is suspected

-at any threaded connection, follow procedure in Paragraph

-<a href="#PARA_53d">53 <span class="u">d</span></a>.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_67">67. PRESSURE REGULATOR.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_67a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. The regulator automatically

-reduces the variable pressure of air or nitrogen in the pressure

-tank to a constant operating pressure of approximately 350 pounds

-per square inch in the fuel tanks. The regulator is located at a

-protected position in the tank group of the M2-2 portable flame

-thrower, where it is not readily subject to tampering or damage

-from the outside. The regulator tube with fittings connects the

-pressure-tank valve and pressure regulator. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>) Its outlet

-is connected to the fuel tanks by the diffusion-pipe assembly.

-(<a href="#PARA_68a">Par 68 <span class="u">a</span></a>) Either of two interchangeable types of regulators

-is furnished: the spring type (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a>, <a href="#Fig_36">36</a>, and <a href="#Fig_37">37</a>), and the

-dome type (<a href="#Fig_38">Fig 38</a>).</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_36">

-<img src="images/i_p063.jpg" width="300" height="550" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 36. Rear of tank group, with carrier removed to show

-pressure regulator (spring-type) and connections.</p></div>

-

-<p id="PARA_67b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of pressure regulator</span>. After release of all pressure:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Remove carrier (<a href="#PARA_71b">Par 71 <span class="u">b</span></a>), if necessary.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Using wrench, unscrew the flared tube nuts and other fittings.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) Lift out the pressure regulator.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_67c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of pressure regulator</span>. Line up pressure regulator,

-regulator tube, diffusion-pipe assembly, and fittings carefully so they

-will not be damaged when threads are tightened. Start threads with the

-hands. Apply only moderate wrench pressure to complete tightening.

-Replace carrier or carrier pack if either has been removed.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_67d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Adjustment of pressure regulator</span>. The pressure regulator

-ordinarily requires no attention other than checking and tightening

-connections with the regulator tube and the diffusion-pipe<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">64</a></span> assembly.

-If a defect in the regulator is indicated by falling off of the range

-of the weapon or by frequent breakage of the safety-head diaphragm (<a href="#PARA_56b">Par 56 <span class="u">b</span></a>),

- the following procedure should be carried out. (When using

-wrenches, do not apply excessive force.)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Remove the filling plug (<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 <span class="u">b</span></a>) and ignition cylinder.

-(<a href="#PARA_30a">Par 30 <span class="u">a</span></a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Fill the fuel tanks with 4 gallons of water (or fuel).</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) Connect the 0-to 500-pound fuel-tank testing gage, found in the

-service kit, to the filling-plug hole. Tighten plug of gage with wrench.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) Charge the pressure tank to a pressure of 1,800 pounds per square

-inch. (Pars <a href="#PARA_32">32</a> and <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) Open the pressure-tank valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) Read the pressure on the gage. If 350 to 390 pounds is indicated,

-omit steps (7) through (10).</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(7) <span class="u">To increase the pressure of a spring-type regulator</span>:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Pry off the protective cap.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Turn a set-screw wrench clockwise in the adjusting screw and read

-pressure on gage.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(8) <span class="u">To decrease the pressure of a spring-type regulator</span>:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Turn the set-screw wrench counterclockwise more than is

-considered sufficient to effect the desired reduction.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Turn the pressure-tank valve off.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Relieve pressure in the fuel tanks by compressing the fuel valve

-until the pressure is below that desired.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Release the fuel valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Open the pressure-tank valve and allow the system to reach a

-state of equilibrium, which occurs when the hissing sound ceases.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) Repeat the steps described above in (6) and (7).</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(9) <span class="u">To increase the pressure of a dome-type regulator</span>:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Open needle valve No. 1 one full turn. (<a href="#Fig_38">Fig 38</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Open needle valve No. 2 one full turn. (There will be slight

-leakage around the needle-valve thread.)</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Open needle valve No. 3 very slowly, watching pressure gage

-closely. (As pressure builds up in fuel tanks there will be slight

-leakage through needle valve No. 1.)</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) When the pressure gage indicates 350 pounds, close needle valve

-No. 3 tight.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Close needle valve No. 2 tight.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) Close pressure-tank valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">g</span>) When gage indicates zero, close needle valve No. 1 tight.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(10) <span class="u">To decrease the pressure of a dome-type regulator</span>:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Open needle valve No. 1 one full turn. (<a href="#Fig_38">Fig 38</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Open needle valve No. 3 very slightly, which will lower the

-pressure.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) When 350 pounds is reached, close valve No. 3 tight.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">65</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_37">

-<img src="images/i_p065_1.jpg" width="250" height="392" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 37. Pressure regulator, spring-type.</p></div>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_38">

-<img src="images/i_p065_2.jpg" width="400" height="333" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 38. Pressure regulator, dome-type, showing needle

-valves and wrenches.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Close pressure-tank valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) When gage indicates zero, close needle valve No. 1 tight.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(11) Open pressure-tank valve and press the fuel valve to observe the

-pressure with the weapon operating.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(12) After final adjustment:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Close the pressure-tank valve.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Open the fuel valve and release the pressure from the fuel tanks.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Remove the pressure gage and plug from the fuel tank.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Install filling plug.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Tighten filling plug with wrench.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) If regulator is spring-type, replace its protective cap.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_68">68. FUEL-TANK ASSEMBLY.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_68a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_4">4</a>, <a href="#Fig_5">5</a>, and <a href="#Fig_39">39</a>) The fuel-tank

-assembly includes:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Fuel tanks</span>. Two alloy steel fuel tanks hold the fuel before it

-is propelled to the target. They have a combined capacity, including

-void, of 4-1/2 gallons. A void of approximately 1/2 gallon is left in

-tanks when filling to allow for expansion and to permit entry of the

-compressed nitrogen or air. To speed filling and cleaning of the tanks,

-two openings are provided on top of the fuel tanks. The openings are

-threaded to receive the filling-plug assembly and the safety-head plug

-assembly, which are interchangeable in the openings. Filling operations

-involve the use of auxiliary equipment and are described in Paragraphs

-<a href="#PARA_34">34</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>. The carrier and the pressure system are supported on the

-fuel tanks.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">66</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_39">

-<img src="images/i_p066.jpg" width="600" height="329" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 39. Fuel system of tank group and related parts

-disassembled, showing nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock

-numbers for requisitioning spare parts.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Tank connector</span>. This open passageway between the fuel tanks

-makes them, in effect, a single container. The location of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">67</a></span> tank

-connector and its large diameter permit easy flow of fuel and pressure

-between the two tanks.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Hose connector</span>. The hose connector is the outlet for fuel from

-the fuel tanks. It is located so that nearly all the fuel is propelled

-from the weapon if firing positions are correct. (<a href="#PARA_24">Par 24</a>) One end is

-welded to an opening in the tank connector. The other end is threaded

-into the tank coupling.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Frame clamp</span>. This small metal clamp, with bolt, nut, and washer,

-holds the hose connector to the carrier frame.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Diffusion-pipe assembly</span>. This T-shaped tubing carries compressed

-air or nitrogen from the pressure regulator to each of the fuel tanks.

-A flared tube connection and elbow connect the stem of the T to the

-pressure regulator. The horizontal tubes of the T extend into the fuel

-tanks and are welded to the fuel tank walls. Within the fuel tanks

-these tubes are perforated with holes which permit ready escape of the

-compressed nitrogen or air into the fuel tanks when the pressure-tank

-valve is open.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_68b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal and installation</span>. The tank connector, hose connector,

-diffusion-pipe assembly, and the two fuel tanks are welded together and

-cannot be disassembled from each other. No attempt should be made to

-remove any of these parts or assemblies.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_68c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance</span>. Other than cleaning (Pars <a href="#PARA_51d">51 <span class="u">d</span></a> and <a href="#PARA_55e">55 <span class="u">e</span></a>),

-repainting, and tightening of threaded joints, no repairs will be

-attempted by the first or second echelon on the fuel tanks, tank and

-hose connectors, or diffusion-pipe assembly. Emergency repairs may be

-made only by the third or fourth echelon. No attempt should be made to

-weld or patch any part of the fuel tanks.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_69">69. FILLING AND SAFETY-HEAD PLUG ASSEMBLIES.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_69a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Filling-plug assembly</span>. (<a href="#Fig_39">Fig 39</a>) This assembly fits into the

-1-3/8-inch threaded opening at the top of either one of the fuel tanks.

-It permits filling and cleaning of the tanks, and seals the opening

-when the tank is not being filled or cleaned. The assembly includes

-the filling plug proper and a plug-retainer assembly. The latter is a

-metal rod which hangs from the plug on a metal chain. The rod and chain

-prevent accidental loss of the plug.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Safety-head plug assembly</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_39">39</a> and <a href="#Fig_40">40</a>) This assembly is

-screwed into the threaded opening on top of either fuel tank. It serves

-the same functions as the filling-plug assembly and moreover protects

-the firer and other personnel. It includes:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) <span class="u">Safety-head plug</span>. This plug is similar to the filling plug

-except for the threaded hole which receives the safety head.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) <span class="u">Safety head</span>. This metal head screws into the safety-head plug.

-It includes a soft metal diaphragm which bursts when the pressure in

-the fuel tanks exceeds 500 pounds per square inch.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">68</a></span> It prevents the

-building up of dangerous pressures in the fuel tanks.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_40">

-<img src="images/i_p068_1.jpg" width="264" height="600" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 40. Safety-head plug assembly (cross section).</p></div>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_41">

-<img src="images/i_p068_2.jpg" width="385" height="600" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 41. Unscrewing safety head from safety-head plug,

-using wrench.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) <span class="u">Deflector tube</span>. This short, curved piece of 1/8-inch pipe

-deflects fuel and pressure away from the firer if the safety head

-bursts. A lock nut holds the tube in position. (<a href="#PARA_12j">Par 12 <span class="u">j</span></a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) <span class="u">Plug-retainer assembly</span>. This assembly consists of a metal rod

-and chain which hang from the plug and prevent accidental loss of the

-plug when filling or inspecting.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_69b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of plugs.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Before removing the filling plug, the safety-head plug, or an

-unbroken safety head, operate the fuel valve until any pressure which

-may have accumulated in the fuel tanks is eliminated. If the coupling

-plug is in the tank coupling, very slightly loosen the threads of

-either the filling plug or the safety-head plug, using the 1-3/4-inch

-wrench, to eliminate pressure in the fuel tanks. Keep face and eyes

-away from the threads.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) The plug-retainer assemblies should not be lifted completely out of

-the tanks unless required.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">69</a></span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) If either the rod or the rod and chain breaks from one of the plugs

-and falls into the tank, upend the tank group to permit removal of the

-parts.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) To replace burst safety head, unscrew lock nut and deflector tube.

-(<a href="#Fig_11">Fig 11</a>) Using wrench (<a href="#Fig_41">Fig 41</a>), unscrew safety head. Never disassemble

-the safety head.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_69c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of plugs</span>. The filling plug, safety-head plug, and

-safety head are screwed in by hand and then tightened with wrenches. No

-substitution will be made for the safety head, which is manufactured

-to burst at the safe limit of pressure. The plug threads and seats

-should be cleaned with a cloth (<a href="#Fig_29">Fig 29</a>) before installing plugs. Screw

-in deflector tube, using hand pressure. The tube outlet should face to

-the rear and at a 45-degree angle to operator’s left shoulder. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>)

-Replace lock nut and tighten with wrench. (Use wrench on lock nut, not

-on deflector tube.)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_69d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of plugs</span>. Replace safety head if damaged or blown.

-Never repair safety head or use an improvised head.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_70">70. TANK COUPLING.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_70a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. This quick-connecting

-coupling (<a href="#Fig_42">Fig 42</a>) connects and locks the fuel hose or the coupling plug to the tank

-group. The coupling cams, lock, and washer provide a secure and tight

-joint. The tank coupling makes possible rapid replacement of emptied

-tank groups with filled and charged tank groups in the field. No tools

-are needed for this operation.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_42">

-<img src="images/i_p069.jpg" width="600" height="300" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 42. Tank coupling and end of fuel-hose assembly.</p></div>

-

-<p id="PARA_70b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) To remove the tank coupling from the hose connector, apply a wrench

-and unscrew.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">70</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_43">

-<img src="images/i_p070_1.jpg" width="600" height="397" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 43. Closing cams of tank coupling to connect gun and

-tank group. This is done before locking. (See below.)</p></div>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_44">

-<img src="images/i_p070_2.jpg" width="600" height="331" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 44. Closing lock of tank coupling to secure gun to

-tank group. This also provides a fuel-tight seal.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) To disconnect the tank coupling from the fuel hose or the coupling

-plug:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Release pressure from fuel tanks by operating the fuel<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">71</a></span> valve or

-by opening very slightly the filling plug.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Using hands, pivot the coupling lock back on the coupling body.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Using hands, pivot the two coupling cams back on the coupling.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Slide out the fuel hose or the tank coupling.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) If coupling washer is to be removed, pry out with a screw driver.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_70c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of tank coupling</span>. Proceed as follows:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) If coupling washer has been removed, replace.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Insert coupling plug or hose nipple, tank end, in the coupling as

-far as it will reach. Close the two cams. (<a href="#Fig_43">Fig 43</a>)</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_45">

-<img src="images/i_p071.jpg" width="300" height="258" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 45. Coupling plug in place in tank coupling. This

-arrangement is used when fuel tanks are brought back for filling with

-gun detached.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) Close the coupling lock (<a href="#Fig_44">Fig 44</a>), being sure to push it all the

-way, until it covers the ends of both cams. (<a href="#Fig_45">Figure 45</a> shows coupling

-lock correctly locked on coupling plug.)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) If the tank coupling has been removed from the hose connector,

-screw it on hand tight. Anti-seize compound should be applied lightly

-to the threads to assure a tight joint. Use wrench to tighten the

-coupling until it is in the position shown in <a href="#Fig_34">Figure 34</a>.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_70d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of tank coupling</span>. The coupling washer, made of

-synthetic rubber, should be inspected frequently. If it is damaged or

-swollen, remove it and replace. If the coupling leaks, inspect, and if

-necessary, remove and replace the washer.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_71">71. CARRIER.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_71a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_46">Fig 46</a>) The tank group is securely

-carried on the firer’s back and chest by the carrier, which includes

-the metal carrier frame, the canvas carrier pack, webbing straps, and

-cord, all of which are parts of the tank group.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Carrier frame</span>. This lightweight, tubular-metal frame is bolted to

-two pairs of brackets (upper and lower) on the fuel tanks. It is also

-bolted to the hose connector by the frame clamp, which helps support

-the connector. The frame is pierced by two parallel series of holes,

-through which the cord (lashing) of the carrier is laced.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Carrier pack</span>. This is a sheet of heavy canvas, reinforced on the

-tank side with strips of webbing. The smooth side of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">72</a></span> carrier pack

-rests against the firer’s back and cushions the back from contact with

-the metal tanks. A series of eyelets is located on each side of the

-pack.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Seine cord (lashing)</span>. The carrier pack is fastened to the carrier

-frame by means of hard-braided cord which is laced through the eyelets

-in the pack and the holes in the frame. The cord that comes on the

-flame thrower stretches very little under load.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Straps</span>. The straps, made of wide cotton webbing, are

-adjustable to fit the wearer. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>) They are provided with snap

-release, hook-and-eye, and snap fasteners. The shoulder straps have

-quick-release fasteners for rapid removal, if necessary, of the tank

-group from the firer. The upper ends (steel loops) of the shoulder

-straps are secured by pins to the steel support which connects the two

-fuel tanks. Each of the pins is held in position by a split cotter pin,

-which is inserted through a hole in the pin and is then spread. The

-lower ends of the shoulder straps snap onto metal loops at the bottom

-of the carrier frame. The upper body straps are attached to metal loops

-on each side of the carrier frame. The lower body straps are fastened

-to one of the lower two pairs of eyelets of the carrier pack.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_71b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of carrier.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) To remove carrier or carrier frame, use screw driver and

-adjustable-end wrench to take off frame clamp, bolt, nut, and lock

-washer. (<a href="#Fig_34">Fig 34)</a> Then remove two pairs of bolts, nuts, and lock washers

-which hold the carrier frame to bottom and top of the fuel tanks. Lift

-off the carrier.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) To remove body straps, unsnap ends and lift out of holes. To remove

-shoulder straps, unsnap lower ends and remove from holes. Pull out

-cotter pins, then pins, from upper ends of shoulder straps, and lift

-out straps.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) To remove carrier pack, unknot and unlace cord.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_71c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of carrier.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) To install carrier frame (or a complete carrier) place frame in

-position adjacent to fuel tanks (<a href="#Fig_46">Fig 46</a>), insert bolts in holes, place

-lock washers and nuts on bolts, and tighten with screw driver and

-wrench. Replace frame clamp on fuel connector and frame. Insert bolt in

-holes, place lock washer and nut on bolt. Tighten with screw driver and

-wrench.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) If carrier pack has been removed, use cord to relash. Lace tight

-and use slip-proof knots. (<a href="#Fig_46">Fig 46</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) To install straps, snap ends of body straps and lower ends of

-shoulder straps into positions shown in <a href="#Fig_46">Figure 46</a>. Place upper ends

-(steel loops) of shoulder straps in steel support between fuel tanks.

-Insert two pins through any two of the holes in the support and through

-the shoulder strap loops. Insert cotter pins in holes in pins and

-spread cotter pins to lock pins in place.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_71d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Adjustment of carrier</span>. Carrier must be carefully adjusted to fit

-the individual firer so the load will not shift during sudden,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">73</a></span> rapid

-changes of firer’s position. Adjustments are as follows:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Cord and carrier pack</span>. Cord must be tight at all times. The cord

-furnished with the equipment has very little tendency to stretch.

-However, pull cord tight when lacing and use slip-proof knots at ends.

-Tighten cord periodically.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_46">

-<img src="images/i_p073.jpg" width="469" height="600" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 46. Carrier assembled on tank group.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Straps</span>. Adjust straps to fit each firer, moving slides on straps

-as necessary. Straps must fit snugly to prevent shifting of load and to

-keep tank group high on firer’s back. Lower body straps may be fastened

-in second pair from the bottom of carrier<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">74</a></span> eyelets to conform to

-firer’s physique. Pins, which hold top ends of shoulder straps to steel

-support between the fuel tanks, may be moved to any two of the three

-holes so as to provide the best balance in the load.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_71e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of carrier</span>. Keep carrier dry and clean. If flame

-thrower becomes wet or muddy, clean and dry carrier thoroughly. Store

-in a dry place. If rotted, mildewed, or damaged, replace affected

-parts. If cord frays or breaks, use special seine cord from service kit

-as replacement.</p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XVII_GUN_GROUP">Section XVII GUN GROUP</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_72">72. GENERAL</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">The gun group consists of the fuel-hose assembly and the gun. The gun

-includes the fuel valve, which controls the ejection of fuel, and the

-ignition head, which ignites the fuel.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_73">73. FUEL-HOSE ASSEMBLY.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_73a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_47">Fig 47</a>) Hose, fuel, flame thrower,

-M1, assembly, provides a flexible connection between the fuel tanks and

-the gun.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Hose</span>. Made of synthetic rubber and reinforced with a cover of

-metal wire and cotton braid, the hose resists the action of gasoline

-and oil, and withstands a pressure of approximately 1,000 pounds per

-square inch. Its inside diameter is 7/8 inch; its outside diameter is

-approximately 1-1/4 inches.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Nipples</span>. The hose nipple, tank end, connects the hose to the tank

-coupling on the tank group. The hose nipple, gun end, is a threaded

-connector between the other end of the hose and the fuel-valve body.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_73b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of fuel-hose assembly</span>. Remove the hose from the gun only

-when necessary for maintenance. The threads in the fuel-valve body will

-be damaged by frequent screwing and unscrewing of the hose because the

-body is a lightweight aluminum casting. Fuel hose is replaced as a unit

-and is not disassembled in the second echelon. To disconnect from tank

-group, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_70b">70 <span class="u">b</span></a>.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_73c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of fuel-hose assembly.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) To install in tank group, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_70c">70 <span class="u">c</span></a>.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) To install in gun, apply anti-seize compound (from service kit)

-lightly to threads and screw hose in fuel-valve body by hand. Use

-wrench only enough to make a secure connection.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_73d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of fuel-hose assembly</span>. If the hose nipple, tank end,

-is badly nicked and does not provide a tight connection<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">75</a></span> with a new

-coupling washer (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>):</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) File the end surface, being careful to keep the surface at a right

-angle to the sides of the nipple.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Couple hose nipple, tank end, to tank coupling. If coupling closes

-very easily, indicating washer is not being compressed, replace the

-washer and recouple. If coupling still closes too freely, the nipple

-has been filed too short, and the fuel-hose assembly should be replaced

-as a unit.</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_74">74. VALVE GRIP.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_74a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_47">Fig 47</a>) The valve grip is part of

-the fuel valve. It includes the controls and is held by the firer in

-his right hand to support the gun group. Parts of the valve grip are:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Left and right valve grips</span>. A pistol-type grip is formed by two

-aluminum housings designated as the left valve grip and the right valve

-grip. The two parts are held together by four screws and four lock

-washers.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Grip support</span>. This aluminum housing is mounted above the left and

-right valve grips and connected to them by two screws and lock washers.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Valve lever</span>. This control is made to fit the fingers and is

-mounted in front of and between the two parts of the valve grip. A

-pin at the top of the lever fits into holes in left and right valve

-grips and serves as a pivot, governing the movement of the lever. When

-the lever and the grip safety are compressed simultaneously by the

-operator, the valve is thereby opened and fuel is ejected from the gun.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Grip safety</span>. This control is grasped by the hand simultaneously

-with the valve lever. It is mounted back of and between left and right

-valve grips. A pin at the base of the safety fits into holes in the

-left and right valve grips and serves as a pivot in a manner similar to

-the pin on the valve lever. The fuel cannot be discharged unless both

-the valve lever and the grip safety are compressed simultaneously.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Rocker arm</span>. The rocker arm, a boat-shaped metal part, is mounted

-near its center on a pin. It is held in contact with the valve lever by

-means of a valve-grip spring and spring pin. At its top end, the rocker

-arm touches the yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm assembly. When the

-valve lever and the grip safety are compressed, the rocker arm pushes

-the valve diaphragm assembly forward.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) <span class="u">Valve-grip spring</span>. When the firer’s hand releases the valve grip,

-the valve-grip spring forces the valve lever, the grip safety, and the

-rocker arm back to their normal, nonoperating positions.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_74b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of valve grip.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Unscrew the four screws and lock washers that hold the grip support

-to the valve body. Remove the valve grip as a unit.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">76</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_47">

-<img src="images/i_p076.jpg" width="600" height="369" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 47. Fuel valve (disassembled) and fuel hose,

-showing nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for

-requisitioning spare parts.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">77</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_48">

-<img src="images/i_p077_1.jpg" width="312" height="400" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 48. Location of parts in right valve grip before

-covering them with left valve grip.</p></div>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_49">

-<img src="images/i_p077_2.jpg" width="463" height="400" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 49. Using screw driver to push long end of

-valve-grip spring into groove in grip safety.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) To disassemble valve grip, remove screws and lock washers from the

-grip. Lift off the left valve grip, exposing contents of grip. Lift out

-the following parts: valve-grip spring, rocker arm, grip safety, and

-valve lever.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_74c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installing valve grip.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Place grip safety, valve lever, and rocker arm in position in right

-valve grip. (<a href="#Fig_49">Fig 48</a>) Be sure the shorter end of rocker arm is at the

-top. Place grip spring over spring pin. Slip short end of grip spring

-in groove of rocker arm. Place long end of grip spring on outside of

-grip safety.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Put left valve grip in place and insert the two lower lock washers

-and screws. Tighten the two screws enough to hold parts in place and

-still leave space for moving long end of spring into the groove in grip

-safety. Push spring into groove with a screw driver. (<a href="#Fig_49">Fig 49</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) With spring in place, fully tighten the two screws with screw

-driver.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) Place grip support in position, and insert the two upper lock

-washers and screws. Tighten screws, using screw driver.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) Attach valve grip to valve body, using the four lock washers and

-inserting the four screws through the grip support. Make sure that the

-yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm assembly is in front of rocker arm.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_74d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of valve grip</span>. No maintenance is required for the

-valve grip other than replacement of worn or damaged parts, tightening

-of screws, cleaning, and lubrication. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_75">75. BARREL AND VALVE-BODY ASSEMBLY.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_75a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_47">Fig 47</a>) This assembly is part of the

-fuel valve. It includes the barrel, valve body, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">78</a></span> operating parts

-contained in the barrel and valve body. The assembly consists of:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Valve body</span>, an aluminum housing, located at the rear of the

-gun and mounted on the grip support by means of four screws and lock

-washers. The valve body has four large threaded openings. The lower

-opening leads into the valve grip. The side opening, which forms a

-Y with the main portion of the body, is connected to the fuel-hose

-assembly. The front opening is screwed on the barrel. The rear opening

-is closed by the spring retainer and plug.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Valve-diaphragm assembly</span>, which transmits and reverses the

-movement imparted to it by the rocker arm of the valve grip. (<a href="#PARA_74a">Par 74 <span class="u">a</span></a>)

-It also serves as a seal, keeping fuel from entering the valve

-grip. The valve-diaphragm assembly includes:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) <span class="u">Yoke shaft</span>, on which the rocker arm bears at the lower end of

-the shaft.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) <span class="u">Yoke</span>, a Y-shaped metal part which fits on the upper end of the

-yoke shaft and is held to it by a steel pin. The yoke transmits motion

-from the shaft to the yoke block, and is located within the valve body

-when the valve is assembled.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) <span class="u">Diaphragm</span>, a synthetic-rubber diaphragm held in a steel sleeve,

-which fits snugly in the lower opening of the valve body. The yoke

-shaft passes through the diaphragm.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Diaphragm support, washer, and cap</span>, which hold the

-valve-diaphragm assembly in place in the valve body.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Spring retainer</span>, a brass, hollow bushing which screws into the

-rear opening of the valve body, and which is threaded internally

-to receive the plug. The retainer has a hexagonal head to take a

-1-3/8-inch wrench. As its name implies, the retainer holds the valve

-spring in position.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Plug</span>, a brass part, resembling a cap screw, which fits into

-the spring retainer, closing off the rear end of the gun. It permits

-adjustment of the needle (see <a href="#PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span></a> below) without removing the valve

-spring and spring retainer.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) <span class="u">Valve spring</span>, a coil spring located in the valve body between the

-spring retainer and the yoke block. The spring keeps the needle seated

-in the nozzle until compression of the grip safety and valve lever

-forces back the yoke block, spring, and needle.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(7) <span class="u">Yoke block</span>, a steel piece, 1 inch long, which fits into the arms

-of the yoke Y. It is secured by an internal thread to the valve needle.

-Movement of the yoke in turn moves the yoke block and the valve needle.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(8) <span class="u">Lock nut</span>, on the valve-needle thread at the rear of the yoke

-block, which locks the block on the needle.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(9) <span class="u">Valve-needle</span>, a pointed rod, which extends through the inside

-of the barrel from the yoke block to the nozzle. The valve needle is

-seated in the nozzle except when firing. It controls the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">79</a></span> ejection of

-fuel from the nozzle. Two sets of three fins each, known as needle

-guides, are mounted on the front and rear of the needle, respectively.

-These guides keep the needle centered in the barrel. The rear end

-of the valve needle is threaded to hold the yoke block and permit

-adjustment of the needle by means of the lock nut which screws on the

-threads. (See <a href="#PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span></a> below.)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(10) <span class="u">Barrel</span> (Figs <a href="#Fig_47">47</a> and <a href="#Fig_54">54</a>), which carries the fuel to the ignition

-head. It also supports or contains other components of the gun. The

-barrel assembly is replaced as a unit with the needle. It consists of a

-tube, made of thin metal, with a threaded fitting at the back end, and

-a nozzle brazed into the front end of the tube. The nozzle ejects the

-fuel from the barrel through the ignition head. The fuel emerges from

-two holes in the nozzle:</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) <span class="u">Atomizer hole</span>, a small opening which sprays a fine, readily

-ignited mist of fuel. This helps ignite the main stream of fuel.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) <span class="u">Main hole</span>, which is tapered inside, and which conveys the main

-stream of fuel from the barrel. When the gun is not being fired, the

-valve needle is seated in the main hole of the nozzle. When the gun is

-being fired, the needle is withdrawn from the nozzle seat, permitting

-the fuel to be forced from the gun.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_75b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of barrel and valve-body assembly</span>. If gun group and

-tank group are connected, release any pressure in the fuel tanks by

-compressing the valve lever and the grip safety. Then disassemble as

-follows:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Unscrew the fuel-hose assembly from the fuel-valve body only if

-this is necessary for maintenance.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Remove spring retainer and plug from end of fuel-valve body and

-remove valve spring.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_50">

-<img src="images/i_p079.jpg" width="600" height="257" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 50. Valve needle, yoke block, and lock nut ready for

-installation in fuel-valve body.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) Unscrew diaphragm cap and pull out washer, support, and

-valve-diaphragm assembly. To prevent loss of valve-needle adjustment<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">80</a></span>

-(<a href="#Fig_54">Fig 54</a>), do not disturb position of yoke block by turning the needle.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_51">

-<img src="images/i_p080_1.jpg" width="300" height="363" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 51. Placing diaphragm assembly in position in

-fuel-valve body.</p></div>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_52">

-<img src="images/i_p080_2.jpg" width="300" height="344" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 52. Installing parts in fuel-valve body.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) Slide the valve needle out of barrel; the yoke block and the lock

-nut may then be unscrewed from the valve needle, but adjustment (see

-<a href="#PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span></a> below) will be necessary when reinstalling.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_75c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of barrel and valve-body assembly.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) To install valve needle, screw the yoke block and lock nut on the

-needle (<a href="#Fig_50">Fig 50</a>). Insert needle in valve body and barrel.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Insert valve-diaphragm assembly into valve body (<a href="#Fig_51">Fig 51</a>), making

-sure that the yoke slips into the flat notches of yoke block.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_53">

-<img src="images/i_p080_3.jpg" width="600" height="242" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 53. Installing spring retainer in fuel-valve body.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) Slip the diaphragm support, washer, and cap over the yoke<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">81</a></span> shaft.

-(<a href="#Fig_52">Fig 52</a>) Screw on the diaphragm cap by hand. Do not use a wrench.

-Install valve grip. (<a href="#PARA_74c">Par 74 <span class="u">c</span></a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) Place valve spring over end of needle and install spring retainer.

-(<a href="#Fig_53">Fig 53</a>) Apply wrench very lightly to tighten spring retainer.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) Adjust needle (see <span class="u">d</span> below), and screw plug into the spring

-retainer.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) If hose has been removed, apply anti-seize compound lightly to the

-threads. Screw hose into fuel-valve body. Wrench should be applied very

-lightly to tighten.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Adjustment of valve needle</span>. Needle is adjusted after installation

-of parts in barrel and valve assembly. Use care when resetting needle,

-as smooth operation of the weapon depends on accurate adjustment.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Remove ignition shield (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>) and plug from gun.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Use the valve-adjusting wrench (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>) to hold the lock nut and

-apply a cabinet (narrow-bladed) screw driver (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>) in the end of the

-needle. Turn needle until it makes a snug fit in the nozzle opening.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) Compress the valve lever and grip safety. The needle should draw

-back into the nozzle with the tip of the needle at the smallest

-diameter opening in the nozzle. (<a href="#Fig_54">Fig 54</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) When the needle has been correctly adjusted, as in (3) above,

-tighten the lock nut with the valve-adjusting wrench, keeping the

-needle from turning with the screw driver. This will lock the

-adjustment. Screw plug into the spring retainer.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) Replace ignition shield. (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_75e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of barrel and valve body.</span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_54">

-<img src="images/i_p081.jpg" width="600" height="280" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 54. Valve-needle adjustment. Solid lines show needle

-in correct open position with point at smallest diameter of nozzle.

-Broken lines show needle in closed position.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Damaged parts</span>. Replace worn or damaged parts. If the diaphragm

-shows evidence<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">82</a></span> of tears or separation, or if leaks occur at the

-diaphragm, replace the valve-diaphragm assembly.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Valve spring</span>. If valve spring has lost resiliency, grasp it by

-the ends and stretch slightly, or replace.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Nozzle leaks</span>. If valve leaks at nozzle, and cleaning

-(<a href="#PARA_55d">Par 55 <span class="u">d</span></a>) does not remedy the leak, adjust needle (see <a href="#PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span></a> above). If leak

-persists, either replace barrel and needle, or lap seat. To lap, place

-lapping compound on seat (in nozzle) and on needle point. Turn needle

-in seat until parts make a tight connection when seated. Remove lapping

-compound, reassemble, adjust needle, and test fire.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Atomizer hole</span>. If atomizer hole is clogged, clean with fine wire.

-(<a href="#PARA_52i">Par 52 <span class="u">i</span></a>)</p>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_76">76. IGNITION HEAD.</h4>

-

-<p id="PARA_76a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_55">Fig 55</a>) The ignition head ignites

-the fuel when the flame thrower is fired. It is mounted on the fore

-part of the barrel. It consists of:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Ignition-head body</span>, which includes half of the front grip. Three

-set screws serve to tighten the ignition-head body to the barrel. The

-ignition-head body is made of aluminum.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Trigger and trigger bearing</span>, held between the ignition-head body

-and the coverplate by the trigger screw.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Trigger rod</span>, one end of which is held in the trigger bearing,

-the other extending through the ignition-head body. Pulling the

-trigger shoves the trigger rod forward, causing it to push a match in

-the ignition cylinder. The match ignites an incendiary charge in the

-ignition cylinder.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Trigger spring</span>, which hooks over a projection of the trigger and

-is held at its lower end by a screw, which is held in the ignition-head

-body. This spring pulls the trigger rod back from the firing position

-after the firer releases the trigger.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Latch</span>, located in the ignition-head body, in front of and above

-the trigger guard. The latch, set on a pin, engages the notch of the

-ignition shield, locking it in place. A latch spring holds latch in

-position.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) <span class="u">Coverplate</span>, an aluminum casting which constitutes the left

-section of the front grip and covers the working parts seated in the

-ignition head body. The coverplate and body are held together by four

-screws and four lock washers.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(7) <span class="u">Spring case</span>, which turns the ignition cylinder when the trigger

-is pulled.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Four projections on the inner spring case are bent over the outer

-spring case to hold the two parts together.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) The inner-case pin (<a href="#Fig_56">Fig 56</a>) engages a stop on the inside of the

-ignition cylinder. The five projecting metal matches on the inside

-of the ignition cylinder are each in turn stopped by the lug on the

-forward-facing surface of the ignition-head body.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">83</a></span></p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_55">

-<img src="images/i_p083.jpg" width="600" height="363" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 55. Ignition head disassembled, showing nomenclature

-and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for requisitioning spare

-parts.</p></div>

-

-<p class="noindent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">84</a></span>When the trigger is pulled, the trigger rod pushes a match

-forward, causing an incendiary charge in the ignition cylinder to

-ignite. The spring in the case rotates the ignition cylinder until

-another match is stopped by the lug.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_56">

-<img src="images/i_p084.jpg" width="600" height="266" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 56. Parts of ignition head and ignition cylinder.</p></div>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) The outer-case pin (on the outside surface of the outer spring

-case) fits into the notch in the ignition shield and holds the spring

-case as the shield is screwed into position. This action winds the

-spring in the case.</p>

-

-<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) A snap ring holds the spring case on the ignition-head body.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(8) <span class="u">Ignition shield</span>, a cylindrical, thin-metal tube with a conical

-front end. The shield guides the flame and protects the firer. Eight

-holes around the base of the cone provide an air intake for burning

-the fuel. The base of the shield is threaded, and it screws onto the

-ignition-head body. A notch (<a href="#Fig_56">Fig 56</a>) in the base of the shield receives

-the latch and the outer-case pin of the spring case.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_76b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of ignition head</span>. To remove the ignition head, proceed as

-follows:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Remove shield by lifting latch and unscrewing shield

-counterclockwise. (<a href="#Fig_14">Fig 14</a>) Keep hands and face away from front of

-barrel.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) If ignition cylinder has not been removed, remove it or allow it to

-fall off barrel.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) Pry off snap ring which holds spring case in position, using screw

-driver. (<a href="#Fig_57">Fig 57</a>) Be careful not to damage or break the ignition-head

-body by applying too much leverage.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) Remove the four screws and lock washers which hold ignition-head

-body and coverplate together. Lift off coverplate.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) Trigger, trigger spring, trigger rod, latch, and latch spring may

-be removed.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) Using a hex wrench, loosen set screws (<a href="#Fig_58">Fig 58</a>) and withdraw barrel

-from ignition head.</p>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">85</a></span></p>

-

-<p id="PARA_76c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of ignition head</span>. To install ignition head, proceed

-as follows:</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) Insert barrel in ignition-head body, pushing it as far forward as

-the shoulder on the barrel permits.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) Aline front grip and valve grip.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) Using hex wrench, tighten set screws on barrel enough to hold but

-not so tight that barrel is dented.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(4) Place latch, latch spring, trigger and bearing, trigger rod, and

-trigger spring in position.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(5) Put coverplate on ignition-head body and replace the four lock

-washers and screws.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(6) Slip spring case over barrel, and lock by forcing snap ring into

-the groove.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(7) When weapon is to be used on a mission, fit ignition cylinder

-and ignition shield in place on nozzle end of barrel as described in

-Paragraph <a href="#PARA_18">18</a>.</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_76d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of ignition head.</span></p>

-

-<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Servicing</span>. The ignition head should be cleaned and lubricated

-each time it is disassembled. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Spring-case assembly</span>. If outer case rotates and inner case does

-not, and no spring action occurs, spring is broken and spring case

-should be replaced as a unit. Do not disassemble or repair this part.</p>

-

-<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Trigger rod and lug</span>. When trigger is pulled all the way, end

-of trigger rod should extend 1/16 inch beyond lug on forward-facing

-surface of ignition-head body. If end of trigger rod is worn, replace

-rod. Lug on the ignition-head body should be approximately 7/32 inch

-high. If lug is worn or broken, replace ignition head body.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_57">

-<img src="images/i_p085_1.jpg" width="300" height="308" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 57. Prying snap ring from ignition head to remove

-spring case.</p></div>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_58">

-<img src="images/i_p085_2.jpg" width="300" height="309" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 58. Loosening set screws with wrench so ignition

-head may be lifted off barrel.</p></div>

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">86</a></span></p>

-

-<h2 class="chapter" id="APPENDIX">APPENDIX</h2>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<h3 id="Section_XVIII_SHIPMENT">Section XVIII SHIPMENT

-AND STORAGE</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_77">77. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">The flame thrower is shipped and stored in a wooden packing case (<a href="#Fig_59">Fig 59</a>),

- which measures approximately 34 inches by 23 inches by 19 inches.

-Cubage of the case is approximately 8-1/2 cubic feet.</p>

-

-<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_59">

-<img src="images/i_p086.jpg" width="600" height="412" alt="" />

-<p class="caption">Fig 59. Opened packing chest showing flame thrower and

-other contents as received.</p></div>

-

-<p id="PARA_77a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Storage procedure</span>. After use and servicing (Pars <a href="#PARA_55">55</a> and <a href="#PARA_56">56</a>), if

-the weapon is not to be promptly reused on another mission, it should

-be returned to the packing case. Before disconnecting the gun group

-from the tank group and storing the weapon, the ignition cylinder

-should be removed, the fuel discharged, and the pressure released.

-Operate fuel valve to release any residual pressure in the fuel tanks.

-The deflector tube must be removed from the safety head (<a href="#Fig_11">Fig 11</a>) to

-permit the tank group to fit into the chest. The deflector tube should

-be kept in the spare parts<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">87</a></span> kit or tool kit until the next use of the

-weapon. The spare parts kit, the tool kit, the extra cans of cylinders,

-TM 3-376A, and the coupling plug (<a href="#Fig_7">Fig 7</a>) should remain in the chest

-except when they are being used. Wooden fittings hold the tank group in

-place, with the pressure tank up. The gun group is disconnected from

-the tank group and is kept with fuel hose connected to the gun on the

-gun mounting board in the chest. (<a href="#Fig_10">Fig 10</a>)</p>

-

-<p id="PARA_77b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Rust prevention</span>. If the flame thrower, parts, and tools are to be

-stored for a considerable length of time, especially in a damp climate,

-all exposed metal surfaces should be covered with a rust-preventive

-compound. Store in a dry place.</p>

-

-<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XIX_LIST_OF_REFERENCES">Section XIX LIST OF REFERENCES</h3>

-

-<h4 id="PARA_78">78. REFERENCES.</h4>

-

-<p class="noindent">References pertaining to the care and use of flame throwers include:</p>

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="references">

-<colgroup>

-<col width="15%" />

-<col width="65%" />

-</colgroup>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt">AR&nbsp;850-20</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Precautions in Handling Gasoline</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt">AR 850-60</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Compressed Gas Cylinders; Safe Handling,

-Storing, Shipping, Using</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt">FM 31-50</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Attack on a Fortified Position and Combat in

-Towns</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt">FM 100-5</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Operations</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt">TM 3-220</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Decontamination</p></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl vertt">TM 9-850</td>

-<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Cleaning, Preserving, Lubricating, and Welding

-Materials and Similar Items Issued by

-the Ordnance Department

-</p></td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">88</a></span></p>

-

-<h2 class="chapter" id="INDEX">INDEX</h2>

-

-<div class="center">

-<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="index">

-<tr>

-<th>&nbsp;</th>

-<th class="tdr normal"><span class="u">Paragraphs</span></th></tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- A -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Adjustable-end wrench,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Adjustment of fire,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a>, <a href="#PARA_26c">26<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">After firing,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_30">30</a>, <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>, <a href="#PARA_56">56</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">After six missions,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56">56</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Aging of fuel,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35j">35<span class="u">j</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Aiming,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a>, <a href="#PARA_26c">26<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Air compressor,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32a">32<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32">32<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_39a">39<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Alcohol,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35a">35<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Angles of tanks when firing,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24b">24<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Anti-seize compound</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">source of,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58b">58<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Assistants,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4f">4<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Atomizer hole</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52i">52<span class="u">i</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- B -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Barrel</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55i">55<span class="u">i</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">damage to,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Barrel and valve-body assembly,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Bleeders,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32c">32<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Burning time of fuels,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Bursts,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4b">4<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_25c">25<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_28">28</a>, <a href="#PARA_29">29</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Bushing, pipe, 3/4 inch by 1/2 inch,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_8">8</a>, <a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- C -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Cap, diaphragm,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Capacity, fuel,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9e">9<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Carrier</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a>, <a href="#PARA_56e">56<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71a">71<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71c">71<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preventive maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51">51</a>, <a href="#PARA_55h">55<span class="u">h</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71b">71<span class="u">b</span></a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">89</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Carrier frame,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Carrier pack,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Carrying the flame thrower,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a>, <a href="#PARA_20">20</a>, <a href="#PARA_55b">55<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56e">56<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Catalog,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Charging of pressure tank,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Check valve</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66e">66<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Cleaning</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">gun,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49a">49<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>, <a href="#PARA_56f">56<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58c">58<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74d">74<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">tank group,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55">55</a>, <a href="#PARA_58c">58<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68c">68<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Cold weather,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-36, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Compound, anti-seize</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">source of,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58b">58<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Compound, pipe thread (anti-seize),</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58b">58<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Compressed air</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging apparatus,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_46">46</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">release of,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">volume required,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32c">32<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Compressor, air,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32a">32<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32b">32<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Controls,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14">14</a>, <a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_26">26</a>, <a href="#PARA_61">61</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Cord</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71a">71<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71c">71<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">tightening,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51h">51<span class="u">h</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71d">71<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Cotter pins,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Coupling plug,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10f">10<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_39c">39<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Coupling washer,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58f">58<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Coverplate,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Cubage,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Crankcase drainings,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_36">36</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Cylinders</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46">46</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">number required,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32b">32<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of, in charging,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of, in filling,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- D -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">90</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Dampness</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on fuel,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on ignition cylinder,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on thickener,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on weapon,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_51g">51<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_77b">77<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Deflector tube,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12j">12<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Description of flame thrower,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5">5</a>, <a href="#PARA_65">65</a>-76</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Destruction</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">accessories,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46b">46<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_46d"><span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">flame thrower,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46a">46<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">fuel,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46c">46<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ignition cylinders,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_46f">46<span class="u">f</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">thickener,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46e">46<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Diaphragm,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Diaphragm cap,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Diaphragm support,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Diaphragm, valve, assembly,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56e">56<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58a">58<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Diaphragm washer,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Diesel oil,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Differences in models,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7">7</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Diffusion-pipe assembly,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_67">67</a>, <a href="#PARA_68">68</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Dimensions,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Discharge time,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Dome-type regulator,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Drums,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>-40</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Duration of fire,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Dust</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">blowing out,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_33j">33<span class="u">j</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on operation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- E -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">E1 ignition cylinders,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18a">18<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">E3 portable flame thrower,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7a">7<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Engineers’ wrenches,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdc" colspan="2">- F -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Filling fuel tanks</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">by blowing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">by force pump,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_38">38</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">by pouring,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">service when filling,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53">53</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Filling plug,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Filling with fuel,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-40<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">91</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Fire precautions,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15c">15<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>, <a href="#PARA_55">55</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Firers,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4f">4<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Firing technique,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_26">26</a>-30, <a href="#PARA_54">54</a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Flexible shaft,</td>

-<td class="tdr"> valve</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66d">66<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Frame clamp,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Fuel</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">capacity,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9e">9<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">characteristics,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46c">46<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">left in tanks,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24b">24<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">per 100 fillings,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">precautions,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>-40, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preparation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ranges,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">weight,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Fuel-filling hose,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Fuel-filling line,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_46b">46<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Fuel hose</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70a">70<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">length,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40j">40<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40j">40<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70b">70<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73b">73<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73">73</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">stiffening of,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_21">21</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Fuel oils,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Fuel tanks</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">angle when firing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24">24<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53a">53<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53b">53<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">fuel level,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53b">53<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">inspection,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53a">53<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68b">68<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68c">68<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68b">68<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Fuel valve</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56f">56<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61d">61<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">92</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">failure to close,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56">56</a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_26b">26<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74b">74<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75b">75<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56c">56<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Funnel,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>-37</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- G -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Gage, fuel-tank testing,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Gage, pressure testing,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Gasoline, in fuels,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-40, <a href="#PARA_43">43</a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Gloves,</td>

-<td class="tdr"> <a href="#PARA_20g">21<span class="u">g</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Grease,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Grip safety,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_56d">56<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Grip support,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Gun</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">assembling,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a>-76</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">carrying,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55i">55<span class="u">i</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56f">56<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74d">74<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_14">14</a>, <a href="#PARA_72">72</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>-76</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">disassembling,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a>-76</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">length,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">mounting board,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10e">10<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preventive maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_54">54</a>-56</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">requisitioning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">storage,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12g">12<span class="u">g</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Gun group</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">assembling,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_72">72</a>-76</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">connecting to tank group,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73">73</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_14">14</a>, <a href="#PARA_72">72</a>-76</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">disassembly,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_72">72</a>-76</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_72">72</a>-76</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preventive maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_54">54</a>-56</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">storage,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12g">12<span class="u">g</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">weight,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- H -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">93</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Heat, effect on fuel,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-36, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>, <a href="#PARA_43">43</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Hex wrenches,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76c">76<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Hose connector,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Hose,</td>

-<td class="tdr"> fuel</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_73a">73<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">length,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40j">40<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40j">40<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73b">73<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73">73</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">stiffening of,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_21">21</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- I -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Identification,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_6">6</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Ignition action,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14b">14<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Ignition cylinders</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">action,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14b">14<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_46f">46<span class="u">f</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">discarding,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">duration of fire,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">failure,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">loading of gun,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">packing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10c">10<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">precautions,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_20">20</a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">storing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use in training,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15b">15<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_18a">18<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Ignition failure,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_26">26</a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a>, <a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Ignition head</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">assembling,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76c">76<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">disassembling,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">failure,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76c">76<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">loading,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Ignition-head body,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Ignition shield,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_52d">52<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Immersion, effects of,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Incendiary effects,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">94</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Interchanging with E3,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7a">7<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Interchanging with M1 or M1A1,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7b">7<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_8">8</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- J -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Jungle ranges,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- K -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Kerosene,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35a">35<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_36a">36<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Kit</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">tool,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10">10</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">spare parts,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10">10</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">service,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48">48</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- L -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Lapping needle and nozzle,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Latch,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Leaded gasoline,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40n">40<span class="u">n</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Leaks</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">fuel,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56">56</a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68">68</a>-70, <a href="#PARA_73">73</a>-75</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">pressure,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_51b">51<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Left valve grip,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Line, fuel-filling,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Lines, charging and filling</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46">46</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">source,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Liquid fuels</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">aiming,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">characteristics,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">filling,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_38">38</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">precautions,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_36">36</a>-40</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preparation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ranges,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Loading ignition cylinder,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Lubrication,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- M -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Marking,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_6">6</a>, <a href="#PARA_18a">18<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">M1 and M1A1 portable flame throwers,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7b">7<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_8">8</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Moisture</td>

-<td>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">95</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on fuel,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on ignition cylinder,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on thickener,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on weapon,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_51g">51<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_77b">77<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Mounting board,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12g">12<span class="u">g</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- N -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Needle</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75b">75<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Nitrogen</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging apparatus,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_46">46</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">release of,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">volume required,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32c">32<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Nozzle</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- O -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Oxygen, hazard from use,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32c">32<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- P -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Packing chest</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cubage,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">dimensions,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">opening,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a>, <a href="#PARA_30">30</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">weight,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Paddle,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_36">36</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Painting,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_13">13</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_68c">68<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Pins,</td>

-<td class="tdr">(carrier) <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Plug, coupling,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10f">10<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_39c">39<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Plug, filling,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">96</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Plug-retainer assembly,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Plug, safety-head,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Plug, testing,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Point-blank range,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Positions, firing,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24">24</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Precautions</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">in training,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when charging,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when filling with fuel,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>-40</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when firing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22a">22<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_24d">24<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when preparing fuel,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when servicing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_57">57</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">with cylinder,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_57">57</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">with gun,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_20">20</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Pressure</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging apparatus,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_46">46</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lack of,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61">61</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">pounds of,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9f">9<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">release of,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing for,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Pressure regulator</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_59">59</a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67a">67<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67c">67<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_67b">67<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_59">59</a>, <a href="#PARA_67">67</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61b">61<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Pressure tank</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Pressure tank and valve assembly</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66d">66<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66e">66<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing for leaks,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Pressure-tank clamp</td>

-<td>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">97</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">repair,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51e">51<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Pressure-tank valve</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14a">14<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_55g">55<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61b">61<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66e">66<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51a">51<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53c">53<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Pressure-tank valve handle,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14a">14<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66">66</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Preventive maintenance services,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a>-56</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Pump</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">force,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_38">38</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">air,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39a">39<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- R -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Rain, effect on firing,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_77b">77<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Ranges,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4c">4<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_15b">15<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_15c">15<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_22">22</a>, <a href="#PARA_61">61</a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Recoil,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24c">24<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Records,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_2">2</a>, <a href="#PARA_49a">49<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">References,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_1b">1<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_78">78</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Regulator tube,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a>, <a href="#PARA_67">67</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Removal of tank group,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55b">55<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Right valve grip,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Rocker arm,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- S -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Safety, grip,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Safety-head plug,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Safety head, replacement,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_54b">54<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55f">55<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_59">59</a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Screening effect,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Screw drivers,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_52f">52<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Seine cord</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71a">71<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71c">71<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">tightening,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51h">51<span class="u">h</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71d">71<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Service kit,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48">48</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Service, on receipt of equipment,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a>, <a href="#PARA_13">13</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">98</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Set-screw wrenches,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76c">76<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Shield, ignition,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_52d">52<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Shipment,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_77">77</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Short range, causes of,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61">61</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Sighting,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Skids, use of,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24">24</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Smoke,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Smoking,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a>, <a href="#PARA_40d">40<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Snap ring,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Soaking the target,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_29">29</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Spare parts in service kit,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48">48</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Spare parts kit,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Spray of fuel,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Spring case</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52j">52<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dust,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a>, <a href="#PARA_52j">52<span class="u">j</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">general,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication at,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_52j">52<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63b">63<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Spring retainer and plug,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52g">52<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Spring, trigger,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_63d">63<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Spring-type regulator,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Spring, valve,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Spring, valve-grip,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Stem, pressure valve,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66d">66<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Storage</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging lines,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cylinders,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">filling lines,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">flame thrower,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a>, <a href="#PARA_30f">30<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_42">42</a>, <a href="#PARA_77">77</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">fuel,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35j">35<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_36i">36<span class="u">i</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ignition cylinders,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Straps, adjustment,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a>, <a href="#PARA_51i">51<span class="u">i</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60b">60<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71d">71<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Sun, exposure of flame thrower to,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40">40</a>, <a href="#PARA_43">43</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Support, diaphragm,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- T -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Tactics,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_4e">4<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Tank connector,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Tank coupling</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70d">70<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70a">70<span class="u">a</span></a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">99</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_70d">70<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51c">51<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70d">70<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73a">73<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70b">70<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51c">51<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Tank group</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">carrying,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a>, <a href="#PARA_24">24</a>, <a href="#PARA_55b">55<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">connecting to gun,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_65">65</a>-71</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">dimensions,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">interchanging,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preventive maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a>, <a href="#PARA_51">51</a>, <a href="#PARA_53">53</a>-56</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55b">55<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">requisitioning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">weight,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Targets,</td>

-<td class="tdr"> <a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Temperature, effects of,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-36, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>, <a href="#PARA_43">43</a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Test firing,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12k">12<span class="u">k</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_35k">35<span class="u">k</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_36h">36<span class="u">h</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Thickened fuel</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">aiming,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25c">25<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_26c">26<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">characteristics,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">filling,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>-39</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">precautions,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preparation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ranges,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Thickener</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46e">46<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">quantity,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_35">35</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">storage,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Time of discharge,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Tool kit,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Training,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a>, <a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Trigger,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14b">14<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_26a">26<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Trigger rod</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52l">52<span class="u">l</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Trigger screw,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Trigger spring,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52k">52<span class="u">k</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63d">63<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">100</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- U -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Underbrush,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22b">22<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Uses of flame throwers,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- V -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Valve-adjusting wrench</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">source,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Valve, pressure-tank,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Valve-diaphragm assembly,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10">10</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56c">56<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58a">58<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Valve flexible shaft</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66d">66<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Valve grip</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">action,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58a">58<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_56d">56<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74d">74<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74d">74<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74b">74<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Valve-grip spring,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Valve lever</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">play,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74b">74<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Valve needle</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75b">75<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Valve, fuel</td>

-<td>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">101</a></span></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56f">56<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61d">61<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">failure to close,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56c">56<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_26b">26<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56c">56<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Valve pressure-tank</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14a">14<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_55g">55<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61b">61<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66e">66<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51a">51<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53c">53<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Valve spring,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Void in fuel tanks,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53b">53<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- W -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Washer, coupling,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Washer, diaphragm,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Water</td>

-<td>&nbsp;</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">and ignition cylinder,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on fuel,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on thickener,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on weapon,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_51g">51<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use in testing,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use in training,</span></td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Weights,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4d">4<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Wind, effects of,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_23">23</a>, <a href="#PARA_45">45</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Wrenches,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="center" colspan="2">- Y -</td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Yoke,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Yoke block,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr>

-<tr>

-<td class="tdl">Yoke shaft,</td>

-<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>

-</tr></table></div>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">102</a></span></p>

-

-<h2 class="chapter padb2 small" id="NOTES"><span class="u">NOTES</span></h2>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<p class="chapter padt2 padb2 center noindent sansserif">

-REPRODUCTION PLANT<br />

-CHEMICAL WARFARE SCHOOL<br />

-EDGEWOOD ARSENAL MD<br />

-1944</p>

-

-<hr class="chap" />

-

-<div class="transnote"><p>Transcriber’s Notes:</p>

-<p>The original accentuation, spelling, punctuation and hyphenation has been retained, except for apparent typographical errors.</p>

-</div>

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-<pre>

-

-

-

-

-

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+<body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 53669 ***</div>
+
+<div class="transnote covernote">
+<p>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h1>
+<span class="smaller"><em>War Department Technical Manual<br />
+TM 3-376A</em></span><br />
+<br />PORTABLE<br />
+<br />FLAME THROWER<br />
+<br />M2-2</h1>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i_f01.jpg" width="100" height="99" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><em>RESTRICTED</em></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+<p class="noindent">DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER. The information contained in
+restricted documents and the essential characteristics of restricted
+material may be given to any person known to be in the service of the
+United States and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discretion who
+are cooperating in Government work, but will not be communicated to the
+public or to the press except by authorized military public relations
+agencies. (See also par. 18b, AR 380-5, 28 Sep 1942.)</p></div>
+
+
+<h2><span class="normal"><em>War Department - 16 May 1944</em><br />
+<em>Washington, D. C.</em></span></h2>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p class="right">WAR DEPARTMENT,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
+Washington, 25, D. C. 16 May 1944</p>
+
+<p>TM 3-376A, Portable Flame Thrower M2-2 is published for the information
+and guidance of all concerned.</p>
+
+<p class="padt1"><span class="add3em">[A. G. 300.7 (21 March 44)]</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1">By order of the Secretary of War:</p>
+
+<p class="right">G. C. MARSHALL,<br />
+<span class="u">Chief of Staff.</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Official:<br />
+<span class="add2em">J. A. ULIO,</span><br />
+<span class="add4em u">Major General</span>,<br />
+<span class="add6em u">The Adjutant General</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Distribution:<br />
+R &amp; H (5); Bn 2, 7, 17 (2); C &amp; H 3 (5); IC &amp; H 5 (5); C 2, 7, 17 (2);
+X. ID: T/O &amp; E 72T, Light Div; 17, Armd Div; IR: T/O 5-192, Hq &amp; Hq Co,
+Engr Comb Gr; 5-171, Engr Comb Regt; IBn: T/O 5-15, Engr Comb Bn; 5-35,
+Engr Bn Sep; 5-175, Engr Bn, Comb Regt; 5-215, Armd Engr Bn; 5-475T,
+Engr Bn, Light Div; IC: T/O 5-16, Hq &amp; Hq &amp; Sv Co, Engr Combat Bn;
+5-17, Engr Comb Co; 5-192, Hq &amp; Hq Co, Engr Comb Gr; 5-36, Hq &amp; Hq &amp; Sv
+Co, Engr Bn (Sep); 5-37, Co, Engr Bn (Sep); 5-176, Hq &amp; Hq Det, Engr
+Bn, Engr Comb Regt; 5-216, Hq &amp; Hq Co, Armd Engr Bn; 5-217, Co, Armd
+Engr Bn; 5-476T, Hq &amp; Hq Co, Engr Bn, Light Div; 5477-T, Co, Engr Bn,
+Light Div.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">(For explanation of symbols see Par 26, FM 21-6)</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1f" id="Page_1f">1</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="TECHNICAL_MANUAL"><span class="small">TECHNICAL MANUAL</span><br />
+<br />
+PORTABLE FLAME THROWER M2-2</h2>
+
+<p class="right">WAR DEPARTMENT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
+<span class="smcap">Washington</span>, 25, D. C., 16 May 1945</p>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Changes</span>}<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}</p>
+<p class="noindent">TM 3-376A, 16 May 1944, is changed as follows:<br />
+<b>10. ITEMS WITH EACH FLAME THROWER.</b></p>
+
+<p class="noindent center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>b. Kit, spare parts, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly
+B81-6-<b>190</b>.</em></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>g.</em> (Added). Army Service Forces Catalog CW 7-440114, Organizational
+Spare Parts and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons: for Flame Thrower,
+Portable, M2-2.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent"><a href="#Fig_8">Fig. 8</a>. Contents of tool kit:</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">B. 1 Wrench, hex, * * * set screws, H22-49-12.</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><span class="add1em"><b>2 Wrench, hex, 5/32-inch across flats for 5/16-inch socket-head
+set screws, H22-49-140.</b></span></p></div>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent"><a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>. Contents of spare parts kit:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">F. (Added). 3 Tubes, deflector, A81-1-501. (See <a href="#Fig_39">fig. 39</a>.)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">G. (Added). 3 Locknuts, pipe, hex, 1/8-inch, H98-5-382 (for use
+with deflector tube). (See <a href="#Fig_39">fig. 39</a>.)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">H. (Added). 1 Support, diaphragm, A81-1-428. (See <a href="#Fig_47">fig. 47</a>.)</p></div>
+
+<p class="center padt1"><b>12. NEW EQUIPMENT.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>m.</em> (Added). New gun may be received with valve spring removed from
+barrel and valve assembly. Spring comes tied to barrel. This is done to
+prevent strain on valve diaphragm assembly caused by pressure of spring
+in gun during storage and shipment. When weapon is being prepared for
+operation, spring must be untied from barrel and installed in gun, as
+described in paragraph 75.</p>
+
+<p><em>n.</em> (Added). Pressure regulator may be shipped at zero adjustment to
+prevent possibility of strain on diaphragm during shipment and storage.
+A regulator shipped in this condition has a tag (tied to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2f" id="Page_2f">[2]</a></span>
+tank coupling) stating that the regulator is not set. When weapon is
+received in this condition, it must be adjusted as described in paragraph
+67 before it can be operated.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p><span class="label">*</span>These changes supersede TB 3-376A-1, 19 October 1944.</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>15. TRAINING.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>b. Use of water in training.</em> Water may be used (instead of fuel)
+for elementary practice firing. Ignition cylinders are * * * piece,
+and lubricated (<a href="#PARA_49">Par. 49</a>). <b>Use of water, however, should always be
+supplemented by firing ignited fuel because water does not give a
+correct impression of stream and flame characteristics.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>17. CONNECTING TANK GROUP AND GUN GROUP.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>a.</em> Place the new * * * to 2 minutes. <b>Slight pressure sometimes
+builds up in the fuel tanks, even though the pressure-tank valve has
+not been opened, and causes some overflow of fuel when the coupling
+plug is removed. This pressure may be relieved by—</b></p>
+
+<p><b>(1) Standing the tank group upright.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>(2) Slightly opening filling plug on top of fuel tanks to
+bleed the pressure.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>(3) Closing the opening at filling plug and tightening it
+with wrench.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>18. LOADING WITH IGNITION CYLINDER.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>b. Precautions.</em> Care must be * * * front of gun. <b>Do not ignite the
+ignition cartridge until the weapon is to be fired at the target.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>30. AFTER FIRING.</b></p>
+
+<p>When the firer * * * mission, he should:</p>
+
+<p><em>a.</em> <b>First</b>, remove and discard the ignition cylinder, <b>as
+the ignition cylinder should never be present when blowing out fuel
+or after blowing out fuel except when preparing for a new mission. To
+remove cylinder, proceed</b> as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>b.</em> Close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle clockwise
+(to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank) <b>only if additional
+shots are to be fired before refilling and recharging</b>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3f" id="Page_3f">3</a></span></p>
+
+<p><em>c.</em> <b>If no additional shots are to be fired before refilling
+and recharging, open pressure-tank valve by turning handle
+counterclockwise.</b> Point the gun away from personnel and blow out
+the remaining fuel <b>and pressure</b>, if any, from the fuel tanks by
+squeezing the valve lever and grip safety until there is no further
+discharge. The trigger should not be used during this operation.
+<b>Then close the pressure-tank valve to prevent entrance of foreign
+matter into the pressure system.</b></p>
+
+<p><em>d.</em> (Superseded). Carefully remove tank group from the back. This may
+be done most easily by sitting or squatting with back to a tree stump,
+flat rock, packing box, or other object. Release the body and shoulder
+straps and ease tank group off the back. Avoid dropping equipment on
+the ground as this may damage it.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>31. IGNITION CYLINDER.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>c. Packing.</em> Ignition cylinders are * * * each flame thrower. Fifty
+cans (100 ignition cylinders) are contained in each <b>ignition
+cylinder</b> packing box. <b>Wooden packing box with contents weighs
+approximately 50 to 55 pounds. Outside dimensions of the box are
+approximately 16-1/4 inches by 14-3/4 inches by 10-1/4 inches. Cubage
+is 1-3/12 cubic feet.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>32. CHARGING PRESSURE TANK.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>b. Charging from air compressor.</em> Compressor, air, gasoline * * *
+cylinders as well. Instructions for use of the compressor will be found
+in <b>TM 3-377</b>.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent hangingindent1p8 small"><b>Figure 23.</b> Charging two pressure tanks, using charging and filling
+lines, and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen. <b>As many as four
+pressure tank and valve assemblies, on or off tank groups, can be
+charged at one time from cylinders coupled as shown in <a href="#Fig_24">figure 24</a>.</b>
+</p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>33. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PRESSURE-CHARGING.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>m.</em> (Added). Inspect carefully to be certain that no traces of
+grease, flame thrower fuel, oil, dirt, or other foreign matter are present
+in flame thrower pressure tanks, outlets of air compressor, connections,
+hose, or cylinders containing compressed air.</p>
+
+<p><em>n.</em> (Added). Hands and tools must be free of oil or grease when
+charging or servicing flame thrower pressure systems.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4f" id="Page_4f">4</a></span></p>
+
+<p><em>o.</em> (Added). Discharge any remaining compressed air in flame
+thrower pressure tanks before recharging.</p>
+
+<p><em>p.</em> (Added). If compressed air is to be used, and if any grease,
+oil, or flame thrower fuel is detected by sense of smell or sight
+within pressure tank and valve assemblies or cylinders, return tanks
+or cylinders for cleaning to the appropriate third-echelon maintenance
+agency of Chemical Warfare Service.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>35.1 PEPTIZED FUELS (Added).</b></p>
+
+<p><em>a. Characteristics.</em></p>
+
+<p>(1) Pour more readily than usual thickened
+fuels.</p>
+
+<p>(2) Give a larger diameter flame than thickened fuels.</p>
+
+<p>(3) Give longer effective ranges than liquid fuels.</p>
+
+<p>(4) Prepared more quickly in cool temperatures than thickened
+fuels.</p>
+
+<p><em>b. Preparation.</em></p>
+
+<p>(1) Open 5-1/4-pound can or cans of thickener.</p>
+
+<p>(2) Add 2 mess kit spoonfuls of water to each can of thickener. Stir
+until the water disappears in the thickener. It is not necessary to mix
+the water uniformly with all of the thickener.</p>
+
+<p>(3) Proceed at once as directed in paragraph 35. Avoid accidental
+addition of any water to the thickener or fuel other than that stated
+in (2) above.</p>
+
+<p>(4) Peptized fuels set a little more quickly than the usual thickened
+fuels, but their general appearance after setting is the same. After
+standing, however, peptized fuels spontaneously become thinner and
+may be poured without use of pressure. The time it takes for thinning
+to occur depends on the temperature of the fuel. At 75° Fahrenheit or
+higher, thinning occurs in approximately 1 to 2 hours. At temperatures
+below 60° Fahrenheit, thinning occurs several days after preparation of
+the peptized fuel.</p>
+
+<p>(5) If water has accidentally gotten into fuel before addition of
+the thickener, peptizing action takes place, but the results are
+unpredictable because the quantity of water added is not controlled.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>36. PREPARATION OF LIQUID FUELS.</b></p>
+
+<p><em>a. Choice of ingredients.</em> Thin fuels are * * * reaching the target.
+For this reason, liquid fuels should contain the lowest proportion of
+gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier fuels that permit easy
+ignition. In hot climates, * * * of great importance. <b>The gasoline
+used can be any U. S. grade of motor fuel or aviation gasoline.</b>
+Suitable blends are as follows:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5f" id="Page_5f">5</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p>(3) (Added). By volume, 20 to 25 percent gasoline and 75 to 80
+percent light fuel oil.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>40.1 USE OF PACKBOARDS</b> (Added).</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies (<a href="#PARA_66">par. 66.1</a>) make possible
+the use of packboards for transporting pressure tanks, 5-gallon
+cans of fuel, wrenches, and additional ignition cylinders close to the
+front line of combat to troops using flame throwers. As packboards
+are not manufactured specifically for servicing flame throwers, standard
+quartermaster-issue packboards are used. Packboard transportation
+is practicable only with pourable fuel. (Pourable fuels include
+some thickened fuels and all liquid fuels.)</p>
+
+<p><em>a.</em> The following is a suggested procedure for packboard transportation:</p>
+
+<p>(1) Lash all necessary filling and charging supplies for one flame
+thrower to packboard, using lashing rope and straps.</p>
+
+<p>(2) Tie one pressure tank and valve assembly to top of one flat 5-gallon
+fuel can so that flexible shaft and handle hang down parallel to
+one side of the fuel can.</p>
+
+<p>(3) Carry wrench with large enough opening to unscrew filling
+plugs from tops of fuel tanks and to tighten plugs after filling.</p>
+
+<p>(4) Carry extra ignition cylinders.</p>
+
+<p><em>b.</em> Return empty pressure tank and valve assembly along with empty
+fuel can and wrench on packboard to flame thrower servicing point.</p>
+
+<p><em>c.</em> If a supply of flame thrower tank groups is available, they may
+be preferred to the packboard method of transportation. Tank
+groups are easy to carry, and a filled and charged tank group can
+replace an emptied one as quickly as packboard method can be used to
+service flame thrower.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>48. SERVICE KIT.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>a. Tools.</em></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Screw driver, common, * * * blade diameter, H22-50-6.
+(<a href="#Fig_8">Fig. 8</a>.)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 Wrenches, hex, 5/32 inch across flats (for 5/16-inch socket-head
+set screws), H22-49-140. (See B, <a href="#Fig_8">fig. 8</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">2 Wrenches, hex, * * * set screws), H22-49-91.</p></div>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6f" id="Page_6f">6</a></span></p>
+
+<p><em>b. Accessories and spare parts.</em></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Tank and valve, pressure, assembly <b>(less valve shaft assembly,
+B81-1-883) B81-1-879. (See <a href="#Fig_35p2">fig. 35.2</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Shaft, valve, assembly <b>B-81-1-883. (See <a href="#Fig_35p2">fig. 35.2</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="noindent hangingindent1p8">2 Case, spring, assemblies B81-1-444. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig. 9</a>.)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote"><p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Regulator, pressure, assembly <b>(Grove type) B81-1-778.
+(<a href="#Fig_35p2">Fig. 35.2</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Compound, anti-seize, white * * * 1/4-pound can, H99-3-12.</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">2 Gages, pressure * * * assembly B81-6-90. (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig. 32</a>.)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Tubes, deflector, A81-1-501. (See <a href="#Fig_39">fig. 39</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Locknuts, pipe, hex, 1/8-inch, H98-5-382. (See <a href="#Fig_39">fig. 39</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 Supports, diaphragm, A81-1-428. (See <a href="#Fig_47">fig. 47</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Springs, R81-1-922 (for socket). (See <a href="#Fig_35p8">fig. 35.8</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Washers, backing, R81-1-924 (brass washer for socket).
+(See <a href="#Fig_35p8">fig. 35.8</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>12 Washers, B81-1-923 (synthetic rubber washer for
+socket). (See <a href="#Fig_35p8">fig. 35.8</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Caps, plug, B81-1-926 (with chain) (dust cap for plug).
+(See <a href="#Fig_35p3">fig. 35.3</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>12 Nuts, wing, A81-1-877. (See <a href="#Fig_35p4">fig. 35.4</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 Army Service Forces Catalogs CW 6-445115, Sets of Tools,
+Equipment, and Similar Material: Kit, service, for Portable
+Flame Thrower, M2-2.</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 Army Service Forces Catalogs CW 7-440114, Organizational
+Spare Parts and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons:
+for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2.</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 War Department Technical Manuals 3-376A, Portable
+Flame Thrower M2-2.</b></p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>49. LUBRICATION.</b></p>
+
+<p><em>a. Gun group.</em></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p>(2) <em>Frequency of lubrication.</em> The surfaces of * * * lubricated
+before reassembly. <b>Do not soak or wash the spring case
+assembly in solvent because this may remove the grease
+which is factory packed in the spring case assembly. This
+grease cannot be replaced. To clean spring case assembly,
+wide outside surfaces with cloth saturated with solvent.</b></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7f" id="Page_7f">7</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>53. SERVICE WHEN FILLING AND CHARGING.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>d. Testing for leaks in pressure system.</em> After charging and
+* * * to test pressure. (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig. 32</a>.) To install gage, unscrew
+check-valve cap, <b>moisten end of check valve with water or saliva</b>,
+and screw gage in check-valve body. <b>Use of water or saliva as
+lubricant prevents cutting of the rubber washer by the check
+valve.</b> If pressure has * * * and then retested.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>66. PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLY.</b></p>
+
+<p><em>a. Description and functioning.</em> The pressure tank * * * assembly
+(<a href="#Fig_33">Fig. 33</a>) includes:</p>
+
+<p>(1) <em>Pressure tank.</em> The pressure tank * * * the fuel tanks.
+<b>The pressure-tank clamp may be adjusted to different outside
+diameters of pressure tanks by means of a nut and screw
+tightening device (<a href="#Fig_35p1">fig. 35.1</a>) or by means of a stepped ring at
+end of clamp.</b></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p1">
+<img src="images/i_f09.jpg" width="600" height="365" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.1.</span> (Added.) Adjustable pressure tank clamp, showing use of nut and
+screw tightening device.</p></div>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>b. Removal.</em> (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig. 33</a>.)</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p>(2) <em>Removal procedure.</em></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p>(<em>h</em>) (Added). To remove check valve, unscrew check valve cap and
+check valve body, using wrenches.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8f" id="Page_8f">8</a></span></p>
+
+<p><em>c. Installation.</em> (Figs. <a href="#Fig_33">33</a> and <a href="#Fig_39">39</a>.)</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p>(7) (Added). To install check valve, apply thread compound
+lightly to threads of cheek valve body and screw into opening in pressure-tank
+valve. Tighten check valve body in position, using wrench.
+Screw check valve cap on check valve body and tighten with wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>66.1 DETACHABLE PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLIES</b>
+(Added).</p>
+
+<p>Newly developed detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies provide
+an improved and speedier method of servicing M2-2 portable flame
+throwers in forward combat zones.</p>
+
+<p><em>a. Description and functioning.</em></p>
+
+<p>(1) Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies (figs. <a href="#Fig_35p2">35.2</a> and
+<a href="#Fig_35p3">35.3</a>) are used in modified flame throwers. They make it unnecessary to
+replace empty complete tank groups with filled and charged complete
+tank groups.</p>
+
+<p>(2) Replacement of complete tank group, however, may be preferred when
+an extra supply of tank groups is available, or if thickened fuel is
+too stringy and viscous to pour.</p>
+
+<p>(3) Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies can be attached only
+to flame throwers which include sockets (figs. <a href="#Fig_35p2">35.2</a> and <a href="#Fig_35p3">35.3</a>) and
+shortened regulator tubes. Flame throwers produced recently include
+this design modification.</p>
+
+<p>(4) A plug and cap (<a href="#Fig_35p3">fig. 35.3</a>) on detachable pressure tank and valve
+assembly replace tube elbow (<a href="#Fig_33">fig. 33</a>) used on nondetachable pressure
+tank and valve assembly.</p>
+
+<p><em>b. Removal.</em> Care must be taken to prevent damage to connections
+during removal and installation. The procedure for removal of pressure
+tank and valve assembly is as follows:</p>
+
+<p>(1) Close pressure-tank valve. Press valve lever and safety grip on gun
+to release all pressure from fuel system and gun.</p>
+
+<p>(2) Unscrew wing nut from valve flexible shaft. (See <a href="#Fig_35p4">fig. 35.4</a>.) Be
+careful not to misplace wing nut.</p>
+
+<p>(3) Pull clamp and shaft from stud which is welded on fuel tank.</p>
+
+<p>(4) With one hand under pressure tank, unclamp but do not fully open
+pressure-tank clamp.</p>
+
+<p>(5) Supporting pressure tank valve with top of right hand, push knurled
+socket in and away from pressure tank valve. Left hand may be placed
+at back of regulator tube so that tube does not bend away from socket.
+(See <a href="#Fig_35p5">fig. 35.5</a>.) Pull out pressure tank and valve assembly.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9f" id="Page_9f">9</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p2">
+<img src="images/i_f11.jpg" width="600" height="465" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.2.</span> (Added.) Pressure system
+disassembled, showing removable pressure tank and valve assembly,
+nomenclature, and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_f10" id="Page_f10">10</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p3">
+<img src="images/i_f12_1.jpg" width="600" height="488" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.3.</span> (Added.) Detachable pressure tank
+and valve assembly, connected to modified regulator tube assembly.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p4">
+<img src="images/i_f12_2.jpg" width="600" height="391" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.4.</span> (Added.) Removing wing nut to free
+valve flexible shaft.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11f" id="Page_11f">11</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p5">
+<img src="images/i_f13.jpg" width="418" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.5.</span> (Added.) Pushing knurled socket
+away from pressure tank, permitting pressure tank and valve assembly to
+be removed from tank group.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12f" id="Page_12f">12</a></span></p>
+
+<p>(6) Put cap as far as it will go over opening of the plug. (See <a href="#Fig_35p6">fig.35.6</a>.)
+This prevents dust and other foreign matter from entering empty
+pressure tank.</p>
+
+<p>(7) Flame thrower is now ready to receive a charged pressure tank and
+valve assembly. (See <a href="#Fig_35p7">fig. 35.7</a>.)</p>
+
+<p><em>c. Installation.</em> To install a charged or replacement detachable
+pressure tank and valve assembly, proceed as follows:</p>
+
+<p>(1) Remove dust cap from plug of charged pressure tank and
+valve assembly. (Never open pressure-tank valve with cap on plug.)</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p6">
+<img src="images/i_f14.jpg" width="600" height="457" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.6.</span> (Added.) Pressure tank and valve
+assembly with dust cap over plug opening.</p></div>
+
+<p>(2) Support socket and tube with left hand and insert plug in socket
+with right hand. If tube is not supported, it is difficult to lock the
+plug in the socket and it is possible that tube may become bent. Press
+bottom of tank until plug snaps into socket. Test by attempting to pull
+tank and plug from socket. Plug must not pull out; if it does, insert
+again and press bottom of tank. Grasp knurled collar of socket and test
+for end play. If collar slides freely back and forth on socket, the
+connection is not tight and plug should be pressed in farther.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13f" id="Page_13f">13</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p7">
+<img src="images/i_f15.jpg" width="429" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.7.</span> (Added.) Tank group, ready to
+receive a charged pressure tank and valve assembly.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14f" id="Page_14f">14</a></span></p>
+
+<p>(3) Replace small clamp (valve-stem clamp) over stud projecting from
+fuel tank, and screw wing nut on stud to secure valve flexible shaft in
+place. Do not use wrench on wing nut.</p>
+
+<p><em>d. Maintenance.</em> Follow maintenance instructions given in paragraph
+<a href="#PARA_66">66</a>. In addition, if leaks occur and signs of wear are visible, carry
+out the following procedures:</p>
+
+<p>(1) <em>Worn washer.</em> Replace synthetic rubber washer by disassembling
+socket (<a href="#Fig_35p8">fig. 35.8</a>), prying out washer, placing new washer in position,
+and reassembling socket.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p8">
+<img src="images/i_f16.jpg" width="600" height="481" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.8.</span> (Added.) Cutaway view of socket
+and plug. Disassembly is permitted only as directed in paragraph 66.1.</p></div>
+
+<p>(2) <em>Damaged plug.</em> Repair damaged or nicked end of plug by filing plug
+end square and smooth. File off as little as possible. Test for leakage
+at socket by installing pressure tank and valve assembly, as in c
+above, and then opening pressure-tank valve. If leak persists at joint
+between socket and plug, replace plug by unscrewing old plug, screwing
+new plug in position, and tightening with wrench. Replace entire plug.
+Do not attempt to unscrew the cylindrical portion from the square
+portion.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15f" id="Page_15f">15</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>67. PRESSURE REGULATOR.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>e. Maintenance</em> (Added).</p>
+
+<p>(1) <em>Spring type (Hoke) pressure regulator.</em> Except for adjustment to
+increase or decrease pressure, do not attempt to maintain or repair the
+spring type (Hoke) pressure regulator. If damaged or defective, it must
+be replaced by a dome type (Grove) pressure regulator.</p>
+
+<p>(2) <em>Dome type (Grove) pressure regulator (B81-1-778).</em> Replacement
+parts for maintaining the dome type (Grove) regulator are available for
+use by chemical maintenance companies, as shown in Army Service Forces
+Catalog CW 9-440114, List of All Service Parts and Higher Echelon Spare
+Parts for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2 (25 November 1944).</p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>74. VALVE GRIP.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>c. Installing valve grip.</em></p>
+
+<p>(1) Place grip safety * * * right valve grip. (<a href="#Fig_48">Fig. 48</a>.) <b>Do not
+accidentally place the lower forward extension of the grip safety
+over the lower rear extension of the valve lever. If this overlapping
+occurs, the small projection at the bottom of the grip safety may be
+broken off.</b> Be sure the * * * of grip safety.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>77. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>c. Class of supply</em> (Added). The portable flame thrower is a class
+IV supply item.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>78. REFERENCES.</b></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Reference pertaining to * * * flame throwers include:</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+<p class="hangingindent6">TM 9-850 Cleaning, Preserving, Lubricating * * * the
+Ordnance Department</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>TM 3-377, Compressor, Air, Gasoline Engine-driven,
+7CFM, M1 (For Charging Flame Throwers
+and Cylinders)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>TB CW 18, Kit, Fuel Filling, Flame Thrower, E6 (for filling
+mechanized and portable flame throwers)</b><a name="FNanchor_1" id="FNanchor_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>TB CW 20, Cleaning Interiors of Compressed Gas Cylinders,
+Tanks, and Accessories</b><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>TB ENG 39, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases</b><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a></p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16f" id="Page_16f">16</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>ASF Catalog CW 7-440114, Organizational Spare Parts
+and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons: for
+Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2 (25 November
+1944)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>ASF Catalog CW 9-440114, List of all Service Parts and
+Higher Echelon Spare Parts for Flame
+Thrower, Portable, M2-2</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>ASF Catalog CW 6-445115, Sets of Tools, Equipment, and
+Similar Material: Kit, Service, for Portable
+Flame Thrower, M2-2</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>ASF Catalog CW 9-445115, List of all Parts and Higher
+Echelon Spare Parts for Kit, Service, for
+Portable Flame Thrower, M2-2</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>FS 3-33, Portable Flame Thrower M2-2, Part 1, Nomenclature
+and Operation.</b></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">*</span></a> Technical Bulletins are to be superseded by appropriate
+War Department manuals or changes to manuals.</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent">[AG 300.7 (11 Apr 45)]<br />
+<span class="smcap add2em">By order of the Secretary of War</span>:</p>
+
+<p class="right">G. C. MARSHALL<br />
+<em>Chief of Staff</em></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Official:<br />
+<span class="add2em">J. A. ULIO</span><br />
+<span class="add2em"><em>Major General</em></span><br />
+<span class="add2em"><em>The Adjutant General</em></span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Distribution</span>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+<p class="hangingindent1">AAF (Cml O) (10); AGF (Cml O) (10); ASF (2); T of Opn
+(Cml O) (10); Arm &amp; Sv Bds (1); Def Comd (2); S Div ASF
+(1); Tech Sv (2) except CWS (45); SvC (Cml O) (4); PE
+(Attn: Cml O) (2); Sub-PE (Cml O) (2); PG (2); Ars 3 (2);
+ASF Dep (CW Sec) (2); ASF Dep (2); Dep 3 (2); Pro Dist 3
+(2); Tech Sv C (2); USMA (20); Tng C (2); A (2); CHQ
+(5); B (1); R (5); Bn 2 (2), 3 (5), 7, 17 (2); C 2 (2), 3 (5),
+7, 17 (2); AF (2); W (Cml O) (1); Five (5) copies to each
+of the following: T/O &amp; E 5-15; 5-16; 5-17; 5-35; 5-36; 5-37;
+5-171; 5-175; 5-176; 5-192; 5-215; 5-216; 5-217; 5-235; 5-236;
+5-238; 5-475T; 5-476T; 5-477T.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Refer to FM 21-6 for explanation of distribution formula.</p></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="TABLE_OF_CONTENTS">TABLE OF CONTENTS</h2>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="toc">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc" colspan="4">PART ONE</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">INTRODUCTION</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdc"><span class="u">Paragraph</span></td>
+<td class="tdc"><span class="u">Page</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION I.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">GENERAL</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Scope</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_1">1</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Records</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_2">2</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION II.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">DESCRIPTION AND DATA</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Uses of flame throwers</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_3">3</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Characteristics and employment</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_4">4</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_4">4</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Description and functioning</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_5">5</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_6">6</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Identification information</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_6">6</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_9">9</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Differences in models</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_7">7</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_9">9</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Interchanging parts with M1 or M1A1 flame thrower</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_8">8</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; 9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Data</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_9">9</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_9">9</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION III.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">TOOLS, PARTS, AND ACCESSORIES</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Items with each flame thrower</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_10">10</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">PART TWO</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION IV.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">GENERAL</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Scope</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_11">11</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_14">14</a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION V.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SERVICE UPON RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">New equipment</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Used equipment</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_13">13</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION VI.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">CONTROLS</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Controls</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_14">14</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION VII.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">OPERATION UNDER USUAL CONDITIONS</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Training</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Charging, filling, and servicing</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_16">16</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Connecting tank group and gun group</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_17">17</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Loading with ignition cylinder</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Carrying the tank group</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Carrying the gun</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_20">20</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Opening pressure-tank valve</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_21">21</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Ranges</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Wind deflection</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_23">23</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Firing positions</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_24">24</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Aiming</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Firing</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_26">26</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Ceasing or interrupting fire</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_27">27</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Additional bursts</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_28">28</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Soaking the target</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_29">29</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">After firing</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_30">30</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION VIII.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Ignition cylinder</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Charging pressure tank</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Precautions when pressure-charging</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Characteristics of fuels</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Preparation of thickened fuels</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Preparation of liquid fuels</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_36">36</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Filling by pouring</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Filling by force pump</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_38">38</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Filling by blowing</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Precautions with fuels</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION IX.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Wet conditions</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Dust and mud</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Heat</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_43">43</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Cold</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_44">44</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Wind</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_45">45</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION X.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">DEMOLITION TO PREVENT ENEMY USE</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Destruction procedure</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_46">46</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">PART THREE</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XI.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">GENERAL</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Scope</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_47">47</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XII.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Service kit</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_48">48</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XIII.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">LUBRICATION</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Lubrication</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XIV.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SERVICES</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">General</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Before-operation service of tank group</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_51">51</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Before-operation service of gun group</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_52">52</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Service when filling and charging</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_53">53</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_52">52</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Service when firing</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_54">54</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Service after firing</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_55">55</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Service after six firing missions</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_56">56</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XV.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">TROUBLE SHOOTING</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Precautions</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_57">57</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Fuel leaks</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Safety head “blows” (breaks)</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_59">59</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Carrier uncomfortable</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_60">60</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Short range</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_61">61</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Fuel-valve failure</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Failure of ignition cylinder to ignite</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_63">63</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Failure of fuel to ignite</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_64">64</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XVI.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">TANK GROUP</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">General</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_65">65</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Pressure tank and valve assembly</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Pressure regulator</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_67">67</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Fuel-tank assembly</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_68">68</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Filling and safety-head plug assemblies</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Tank coupling</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Carrier</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XVII.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">GUN GROUP</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">General</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_72">72</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Fuel-hose assembly</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_73">73</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Valve grip</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Barrel and valve-body assembly</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Ignition head</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">APPENDIX</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION&nbsp;XVIII.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SHIPMENT AND STORAGE</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Shipment and storage</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_77">77</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_86">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XIX.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">LIST OF REFERENCES</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">References</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_78">78</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_87">87</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4"><a href="#INDEX">INDEX</a></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_1">
+<img src="images/i_f24.jpg" width="600" height="518" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 1. Portable flame thrower M2-2.</p></div></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">1</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="PART_ONE">PART ONE<br />
+<br />
+INTRODUCTION</h2>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<h3 id="Section_I_GENERAL">Section I GENERAL</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_1">1. SCOPE.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_1a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Arrangement</span>. This manual is published to guide and inform
+personnel using and maintaining flame thrower, portable, M2-2. <a href="#PART_ONE">Part One</a>
+contains general information; <a href="#PART_TWO">Part Two</a> is a guide to operation;
+<a href="#PART_THREE">Part Three</a> gives maintenance procedures. The <a href="#APPENDIX">Appendix</a> discusses
+shipment and storage procedures, and applicable publications.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_1b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">References</span>. <a href="#PARA_78">References</a> are listed in the Appendix. The
+list includes field manuals, technical manuals, and Army Regulations.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_2">2. RECORDS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Although no standard maintenance forms and records are furnished,
+an improvised list should be kept of the number of times each flame
+thrower has been fired. The list indicates when it is necessary
+to provide the after-six-missions preventive maintenance and
+lubrication. It should be tacked or glued to the inside surface
+of the packing-chest lid and each flame thrower should always be
+returned to its own chest.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_II_DESCRIPTION">Section II DESCRIPTION
+AND DATA</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_3">3. USES OF FLAME THROWERS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent" id="PARA_3a">Flame throwers can: <span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Penetrate openings</span>, such as embrasures
+and gun ports, and fill the fortifications with flame and
+smoke.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_3b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Burn, asphyxiate, and blind enemy personnel</span>, causing casualties,
+shock, panic, and abandonment of a fortified position.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_3c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Ignite combustible parts of shelters and materiel</span> and start
+detonation of sensitive ammunition and explosives.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">2</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_2">
+<img src="images/i_p002.jpg" width="600" height="331" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 2. Firing with liquid fuel.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">3</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_3">
+<img src="images/i_p003.jpg" width="600" height="315" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 3. Firing with thickened fuel. Thickened fuel
+has longer range than liquid fuel and burns on target for several
+minutes.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">4</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_3d"><span class="u">d</span>. “<span class="u">Shoot around corners</span>,” when fuel is fired from dead or
+blind angles. This is made possible by the billowing and swirling
+movements of flaming gases. Blazing thickened fuels also
+ricochet from wall to wall in fortifications.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_3e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Cause the enemy to close ports</span>, temporarily putting the emplacement
+out of action and thus protecting the demolition party.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_3f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Mop up</span> dug-in personnel.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_3g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Eliminate enemy nests</span> in street or jungle fighting.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_4">4. CHARACTERISTICS AND EMPLOYMENT.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_4a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Action</span>. Fuel is propelled into the target by a charge of
+highly compressed air or nitrogen. As fuel leaves the gun of the
+M2-2 portable flame thrower (<a href="#Fig_1">Fig 1</a>), it is ignited by contact with
+flame from charges of incendiary mix held in an expendable ignition
+cylinder.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_4b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Bursts</span>. A continuous stream or separate bursts may be
+fired for approximately 8 to 9 seconds, not including time between
+the bursts. The five incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder
+are controlled by the trigger and can ignite several bursts.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_4c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Range</span>. Portable flame throwers are fired at extremely
+close or point-blank range for best results. (<a href="#PARA_22">Par 22</a>) Effective
+range for liquid fuels (<a href="#Fig_2">Fig 2</a>) is as far as 20 yards, and for thickened
+fuels (<a href="#Fig_3">Fig 3</a>), 40 yards, but underbrush and adverse winds
+can reduce the distances.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_4d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Weight</span>. To keep the weight as light as possible and still
+provide strength to withstand very high pressures, most parts
+are made of aluminum or sheet steel.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_4e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Tactics</span>. Two or more flame throwers are generally used
+on a mission with other weapons of the assault squad. (See FM
+31-50, “Attack on a Fortified Position and Combat in Towns.”)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_4f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Firers and assistants</span>. One man carries and fires each
+flame thrower. Well-armed assistants accompany firers to give
+close protection and to serve as emergency replacements.
+Whereas the M1A1 portable flame thrower may require the help
+of an assistant to open the pressure-tank valve, the M2-2 flame
+thrower pressure-tank valve is located within reach of the firer
+and is operated by him without assistance. Firers and assistants
+should be thoroughly trained in operation of the weapon.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_4">
+<img src="images/i_p005.jpg" width="396" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 4. Tank group.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_4g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Charging and filling</span>. In order to replace pressure tanks
+(cylinders) of earlier types of flame throwers, it is necessary
+to unscrew and screw threaded connections. Experience has
+shown that this frequently resulted in damage to threads, leakage,
+loss of pressure, and loss of range. It is also necessary to use
+tools to replace each pressure tank (cylinder). The design of the
+M2-2 flame thrower eliminates these difficulties. The tank group
+(<a href="#Fig_4">Fig 4</a>) may be charged and filled as a unit with or without gun
+and hose. The quick-connecting tank coupling permits rapid
+interchanging of empty and full tank groups by the firers or assistants.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">6</a></span>
+This is done without tools, takes very little time, and
+cannot cause leakage, loss of pressure, and loss of range due to
+damaged threads.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_5">5. DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The flame thrower consists of two major groups: tank group and
+gun group. Detailed descriptions of assemblies and parts are
+included in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_66">66</a> through <a href="#PARA_76">76</a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_5a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Tank group</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_4">4</a> and <a href="#Fig_5">5</a>) Carried upon the firer’s back,
+the tank group holds fuel and pressure. The tank group may be
+identified as tank, fuel, portable flame thrower, M2, assembly
+D81-1-482. It consists principally of:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Two fuel tanks</span>, holding a total of 4 gallons of fuel, and
+joined by a tank connector to form a single fuel reservoir.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Pressure tank</span>, charged with highly compressed air or
+nitrogen used to propel fuel from the fuel tanks through the gun
+to the target. The tank is large in capacity to assure ample pressure
+and uniformly long range throughout the firing.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>, which releases air or nitrogen
+through the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks. The valve can
+be opened by the firer without the assistance required in the case
+of the M1A1 flame thrower.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Pressure regulator</span>, which automatically assures delivery
+of air or nitrogen to the fuel tanks at the proper pressure. The
+regulator is located in a position where it cannot easily be damaged.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Carrier</span>, which supports the tank group on the firer’s back
+and shoulders and secures it to his body. It includes body and
+shoulder straps and quick-releasing fasteners.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_5b"><span class="u">b. Gun group</span>. (<a href="#Fig_6">Fig 6</a>) Carried, aimed, and operated by the
+hands of the firer, the gun group ignites the fuel and directs the
+flame into the target. It includes:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Fuel hose</span>, which conveys fuel from the tank group to the
+gun. The fuel hose may be requisitioned as hose, fuel, portable
+flame thrower, M1, assembly B81-1-498.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Gun</span>, which ignites the fuel and directs it to the target.
+The gun may be identified as gun, portable flame thrower,
+M2, assembly D81-1-405. It consists of:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) <span class="u">Fuel valve</span>, which discharges fuel through the barrel.
+The valve is operated by squeezing the valve lever and the grip
+safety, which are on opposite sides of the valve grip. The valve
+also includes a barrel from which the fuel is ejected. The ignition
+head is supported on the front of the barrel.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) <span class="u">Ignition head</span>, which ignites the fuel as it passes
+from the nozzle of the barrel. With each pull of the trigger on the
+front grip, one of five charges of incendiary mix in an ignition
+cylinder is ignited. This pilot flame ignites the fuel as it is
+propelled from the gun.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_5">
+<img src="images/i_p007.jpg" width="379" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 5. Tank group with carrier folded back to show
+construction.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">8</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_6">
+<img src="images/i_p008.jpg" width="600" height="274" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 6. Gun group of portable flame thrower M2-2.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">9</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_6">6. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The words “Chemical Warfare Service,” model numbers, serial
+numbers, lot numbers, weight, cubage, manufacturers’ names,
+contract number, and date of packing are indicated on the packing
+chest or the equipment. The numbers and letters shown on the
+equipment should be referred to when repairs are required. The
+tank group and the gun (without the fuel hose) may each be marked
+“M2” and the fuel hose may be marked “M1,” although all of
+these are components of the M2-2 portable flame thrower.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_7">7. DIFFERENCES IN MODELS.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_7a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">M2-2 and E3 portable flame throwers</span>. Portable flame
+thrower M2-2 is identical in all important respects with portable
+flame thrower E3. (The E3 flame thrower, when standardized
+with some modifications, became the M2-2.) Operation and maintenance
+of the M2-2 and E3 are in general the same, and the parts
+are interchangeable.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_7b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">M2-2, M1, and M1A1 portable flame throwers</span>. Portable
+flame thrower M2-2 has the same fuel capacity but differs in
+construction from portable flame throwers M1 and M1A1. Parts
+are not interchangeable except as stated in Paragraph 8.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_8">8. INTERCHANGING PARTS WITH M1 OR M1A1 FLAME
+THROWER.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">To use an M2-2 gun with tank group (fuel unit) of an M1 or M1A1
+portable flame thrower:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_8a"><span class="u">a</span>. Remove fuel hose from M2-2 gun.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_8b"><span class="u">b</span>. Screw a 3/4-inch by 1/2-inch pipe bushing into the side
+opening of the fuel-valve body. This bushing is furnished in the
+spare parts kit of each M2-2 portable flame thrower. (<a href="#PARA_10">Par 10</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_8c"><span class="u">c</span>. Screw the fuel-hose assembly of the M1 or M1A1 flame
+thrower into the 1/2-inch opening of the bushing, using a wrench
+to make a tight connection.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_9">9. DATA.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">All data are approximate.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_9a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Range</span>. See Paragraph <a href="#PARA_22">22</a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_9b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Duration of fire.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Fuel</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Continuous discharge of approximately 8 to 9 seconds,
+or</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Several short bursts totalling approximately 8 to 9 seconds
+(not including time between bursts).</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Ignition cylinder</span>. Five charges in each cylinder, 8 to 12
+seconds per charge.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">10</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="weights">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdl normal"><p id="PARA_9c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Weights.</span></p></th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Pounds</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Portable flame thrower M2-2, empty, in shipping
+chest (including the chest and all contents)</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">110</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Portable flame thrower M2-2, empty</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">43</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Portable flame thrower M2-2, filled with fuel</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">68 to 72</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, empty</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">35</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, filled with fuel</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">60 to 64</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gun group<p class="indent"></p></td>
+<td class="tdc">8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th class="tdl normal"><p id="PARA_9d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Dimensions.</span></p></th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Inches</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Gun, length</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">30</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Fuel hose, length</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">37</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, height</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">27</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, width</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">20</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, breadth</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">11</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Packing chest<br />
+(Cube of packing chest: 8-1/2 cubic feet)</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertt">34 x 23 x 19</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th class="tdl normal"><p id="PARA_9e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Capacity of weapon.</span></p></th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Ignition cylinder (M1 or E1)</p></td>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">1 (which includes 5 incendiary charges)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Fuel</p></td>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">4 gallons plus void for air or nitrogen</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th class="tdl normal"><p id="PARA_9f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Pressures.</span></p></th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Pounds per sq. in.</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Pressure tank</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">1,700 to 2,100</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Fuel tanks</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">350</td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_9g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Ratio of expended supplies</span>. For every 100 complete fillings
+of the flame thrower, the following supplies are normally expended:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Nitrogen contained in fifteen 220-cubic-foot cylinders or an
+equivalent volume of compressed air. (Eleven cylinders are expended
+if the four-place arrangement described in Paragraph 32
+is used.)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) 450 gallons of fuel (400 gallons plus 50 gallons for spillage,
+spoilage, and evaporation).</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) 100 ignition cylinders.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) If thickened fuel is used, 135 pounds (in cans of 5-1/4 pounds
+each) of U. S. Army fuel thickener.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">11</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_III_TOOLS">Section III TOOLS,
+PARTS, AND ACCESSORIES</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_10">10. ITEMS WITH EACH FLAME THROWER.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The items listed below or their equivalents (<a href="#Fig_7">Fig 7</a>) are included
+in each M2-2 flame-thrower packing chest, in addition to the
+flame thrower. Numbers listed with items are Chemical Warfare
+Service stock numbers.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_10a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Kit, tool, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly
+B81-6-50.</span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_10b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Kit, spare parts, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly
+B81-6-52.</span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_10c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Cylinder, ignition, portable flame thrower M1</span>. (6 cylinders,
+in 3 cans containing 2 each)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_10d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Technical Manual 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower
+M2-2.</span>”</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_10e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Gun mounting board</span>. (<a href="#Fig_10">Fig 10</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_10f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Plug, coupling, E81-1-514</span> (for use in tank coupling when
+filling tank group with gun detached).</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_7">
+<img src="images/i_p011.jpg" width="600" height="370" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 7. Items packed in chest with each flame thrower: A—Spare
+parts kit; B—Packing list; C—Three cans of ignition cylinders;
+D—Tool kit; E—Coupling plug; F—TM 3-376A, “Portable
+Flame Thrower M2-2.”</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">12</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_8">
+<img src="images/i_p012.jpg" width="600" height="211" alt="" />
+<p class="noindent">Fig 8. Contents of tool kit:</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">A. 1 Screw driver, cabinet, 4-1/2-inch blade length, 3/16-inch blade diameter, H22-50-13.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">B. 1 Wrench, hex, 1/8-inch across flats for 1/4-inch socket-head set screws, H22-49-12.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">C. 1 Wrench, engineers’, double head, 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch openings, 9 inches approx length, H22-49-115.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">D. 1 Screw driver, common, 6-inch blade length, 5/16-inch blade diameter, H22-50-6.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">E. 1 Wrench, valve-adjusting, assembly, A81-6-48.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">F. 1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-1/2-inch openings, 12 inches approx length, H22-49-113.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">G. 1 Wrench, engineers’, single head, 1-1/8 inch opening, 10-1/2 inches approx length, H22-49-31.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">H. 1 Wrench, adjustable, single end, 6 inches approx length (crescent type), H22-49-67.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">I. 1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-3/4-inch openings, 12 inches approx length, A81-6-49.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">13</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_9">
+<img src="images/i_p013_1.jpg" width="500" height="389" alt="" />
+<p class="noindent">Fig 9. Contents of spare parts kit:</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">A. 1 Diaphragm, valve, assembly, A81-1-416.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">B. 1 Case, spring, assembly, B81-1-444.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">C. 1 Bushing, pipe, head, 3/4-inch by 1/2-inch (galvanized iron), H98-5-93.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">D. 2 Washers, coupling, A81-1-513.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">E. 3 Heads, safety, R81-1-561.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_10">
+<img src="images/i_p013_2.jpg" width="600" height="441" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 10. Packing chest open, with gun on mounting board. Tool kit,
+spare parts kit, and cans of ignition cylinders in boxes at right.</p></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">14</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="PART_TWO">PART TWO<br />
+<br />
+OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS</h2>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<h3 id="Section_IV_GENERAL">Section IV GENERAL</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_11">11. SCOPE.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Part Two of this manual is for the guidance of operating personnel.
+It includes information on the controls and on operation.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_V_SERVICE_UPON">Section V SERVICE UPON
+RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_12">12. NEW EQUIPMENT.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Upon receipt of a new flame thrower, the following procedure should be
+carried out:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12a"><span class="u">a</span>. Cut packing-chest steel straps and seals with pliers.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12b"><span class="u">b</span>. Remove the screws, if present, from top of chest.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12c"><span class="u">c</span>. Open two latches at front of chest.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12d"><span class="u">d</span>. Lift lid backward and connect chain from inside of chest to inside
+of lid.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12e"><span class="u">e</span>. Remove moistureproof paper.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12f"><span class="u">f</span>. Remove gun from carton. After removing waterproofing tape from
+ends of hose, connect hose and gun. (<a href="#PARA_17">Par 17</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12g"><span class="u">g</span>. Remove mounting board and place gun with hose on the board as
+shown in <a href="#Fig_10">Figure 10</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_11">
+<img src="images/i_p014.jpg" width="300" height="422" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 11. Screwing deflector tube in safety head on left
+fuel tank.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">15</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_12">
+<img src="images/i_p015.jpg" width="600" height="188" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 12. Controls for operation of portable flame thrower
+M2-2.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_12h"><span class="u">h</span>. Remove spare parts kit, tool kit, cans of ignition cylinders, and
+other items from packing chest.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12i"><span class="u">i</span>. Compare contents with packing list found in or on packing chest.
+Inspect all contents carefully for completeness, correct adjustment,
+and good condition.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12j"><span class="u">j</span>. Insert deflector tube in safety head on left fuel tank. (<a href="#Fig_11">Fig 11</a>)
+Outlet should face to rear and at a 45-degree angle to operator’s left
+shoulder. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>) Screw in deflector tube by hand; do not use wrench
+on deflector tube. Tighten lock nut with wrench.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12k"><span class="u">k</span>. Before use on a mission, test-fire the weapon. (<a href="#PARA_56b">Par 56 <span class="u">b</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12l"><span class="u">l</span>. Save the packing chest for storage of the equipment when flame
+thrower is not being carried on a firing mission or serviced.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_13">13. USED EQUIPMENT.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">When they apply, the same steps should be taken as in Paragraph <a href="#PARA_12">12</a>. Any
+worn or damaged parts should be replaced. Areas where paint has worn
+off should be touched up with fresh paint.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_VI_CONTROLS">Section VI CONTROLS</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_14">14. CONTROLS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The firer uses the pressure-tank valve handle, the trigger, and
+the valve lever and grip safety (<a href="#Fig_12">Fig 12</a>) in succession as follows:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_14a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Valve handle</span>. The pressure-tank valve is operated by turning
+a handle on the valve flexible shaft within reach of the firer.
+Counterclockwise operation of handle releases pressure to the
+fuel tanks. Clockwise turning closes the valve.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_14b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Trigger</span>. The trigger is at the front grip of the gun. Pulling
+the trigger vigorously ignites an incendiary charge in the ignition
+cylinder. This in turn ignites the fuel as it leaves the gun. The
+trigger action also causes the ignition cylinder to revolve one-fifth
+of a turn, presenting another charge for firing. Each of the
+five charges may thus be used in rapid succession, if necessary,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">16</a></span>
+by pulling the trigger vigorously as many as five times.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_14c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Valve lever and grip safety</span>. The valve lever and grip safety
+are mounted on opposite sides of the valve grip of the gun. When
+both controls are compressed, fuel is propelled from the gun. If
+either the valve lever or the grip safety is not compressed, the
+fuel valve remains closed and the fuel remains in the weapon.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_VII_OPERATION_UNDER">Section VII OPERATION UNDER
+USUAL CONDITIONS</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_15">15. TRAINING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Effective use of the M2-2 portable flame thrower can be achieved
+only by diligent practice with the weapon. Untrained firers or
+assistants should never be sent on a mission.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_15a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Practice</span>. Firers should practice under varying conditions
+of wind, range, elevation, depression, and traverse. The shortness
+of the total firing time (approximately 8 to 9 seconds) demands
+split-second judgment and coordination.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_15b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Use of water in training</span>. Water may be used (instead of
+fuel) for elementary practice firing. Ignition cylinders are not
+used with water. The water under pressure may cause serious
+injuries to personnel at 10 yards. After practice with water, the
+gun should be disassembled (Pars <a href="#PARA_73">73</a> through <a href="#PARA_76">76</a>), cleaned and
+dried piece by piece, and lubricated. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_15c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Use of fuel in training</span>. When using fuel in training, select
+or prepare a practice field of fire which provides at least 125
+yards for range and 30 yards for spread. If the field contains
+dry grass, brush, or other flammable material, a fire-fighting
+squad should be available with equipment and source of water.
+Assistants and observers should stay well behind the firer because
+of danger from wind shifts. See Paragraph 40 for additional
+precautions.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_16">16. CHARGING, FILLING, AND SERVICING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Before use on missions or for training, flame throwers must be
+charged, filled, and serviced. Charging with compressed air or
+compressed nitrogen is described in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_32">32 and 33</a>;
+filling with fuel in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_34">34</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>; and servicing in
+Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_50">50</a> through <a href="#PARA_56">56</a>. Test for pressure. (<a href="#PARA_53d">Par 53 <span class="u">d</span></a>)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_17">17. CONNECTING TANK GROUP AND GUN GROUP.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">If a charged and filled tank group has been brought up to replace
+an emptied one:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_17a"><span class="u">a</span>. Place the new tank group on the ground with the tank coupling<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">17</a></span>
+on top. If the filling is thickened fuel, allow the tank group
+to rest in this position for from 1 to 2 minutes.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_17b"><span class="u">b</span>. Remove coupling plug from new tank group and disconnect
+gun group from emptied tank group. Place unthreaded end of fuel
+hose in tank coupling and lock in place. (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_17c"><span class="u">c</span>. Lock the coupling plug in the emptied tank group.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_18">18. LOADING WITH IGNITION CYLINDER.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_18a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">General</span>. Just before the start of a mission, load an unused
+ignition cylinder into the ignition head. (M1 and E1 ignition
+cylinders are identical and may be used interchangeably.) Cylinders
+are packed two to a can. Do not open cans until ready
+to load for a mission. The second cylinder in the can should be
+used in another flame thrower on the same mission or as soon
+as possible after opening the can. Partly used cylinders may be
+employed in training.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_18b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Precautions</span>. Care must be taken, whenever cylinders are
+handled, to avoid any blows or pressure against the metal match
+ends. (<a href="#Fig_13">Fig 13</a>) Face, hands, and other parts of the body should
+never be exposed to front of cylinder or front of gun.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_13">
+<img src="images/i_p017.jpg" width="600" height="507" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 13. Ignition cylinder before use.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">18</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_18c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Procedure</span>. Loading procedure is as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Unscrew and remove ignition shield. (<a href="#Fig_14">Fig 14</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Place ignition cylinder on end of barrel (<a href="#Fig_15">Fig 15</a>), being
+careful not to grasp cylinder by its ends.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Raise nozzle end of gun so cylinder slides down against the
+spring case of the ignition head. (<a href="#Fig_16">Fig 16</a>) If necessary, rotate
+cylinder so it slips down all the way. Do not force cylinder
+into place as forcing may prematurely ignite it.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Rotate spring case and ignition cylinder clockwise as far
+as they turn freely.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Place ignition shield over cylinder. Engage the slot in the
+shield on the spring-case pin.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) Turn shield, screwing it onto ignition-head body. Make
+sure the threads engage during the first turn of the shield. When
+the slot on the shield engages the latch on the ignition head (<a href="#Fig_17">Fig 17</a>),
+the gun is loaded.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) If shield cannot be turned by hand tight enough to engage
+latch, unscrew shield. Then turn shield backwards until threads
+engage and repeat (6) above.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_14">
+<img src="images/i_p018_1.jpg" width="300" height="330" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 14. Unscrewing ignition shield, with pressure on
+latch.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_15">
+<img src="images/i_p018_2.jpg" width="300" height="301" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 15. Placing ignition cylinder on gun. Care must be
+taken to avoid striking or pushing metal matches of cylinder.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_16">
+<img src="images/i_p019_1.jpg" width="600" height="215" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 16. Ignition cylinder in place on gun before
+replacement of ignition shield.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_17">
+<img src="images/i_p019_2.jpg" width="600" height="370" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 17. Ignition head assembled for firing of gun.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">20</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_18">
+<img src="images/i_p020.jpg" width="600" height="378" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 18. Tank group adjusted on firer.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">21</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_19">19. CARRYING THE TANK GROUP.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The tanks are supported on the firer’s back and secured to it by two
+shoulder straps and two pairs of body straps. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>) The straps may
+be adjusted by the buckles to fit the operator. The shoulder straps
+pass over the shoulders and under the arm pits; the lower body straps
+are clasped tightly in front of the body; and the upper body straps are
+clasped across the chest to prevent the shoulder straps from slipping
+and the tank group from rolling off the back. Adjustments to the
+various straps should be made until the unit is carried with the bottom
+of the fuel tanks at the small of the operator’s back. The tank group
+should fit snugly so that it does not shift if the operator changes
+position quickly.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_20">20. CARRYING THE GUN.</h4>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_19">
+<img src="images/i_p021.jpg" width="600" height="346" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 19. Carrying the gun, with hands in position to fire.</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent">The procedure for carrying the gun is as follows:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20a"><span class="u">a</span>. Carry the gun with the hose at the right side. (<a href="#Fig_19">Fig 19</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20b"><span class="u">b</span>. Grasp the valve grip with the right hand and the front grip
+with the left hand, being careful not to operate the controls until
+ready to fire.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20c"><span class="u">c</span>. Keep the gun pointed away from friendly personnel at all
+times.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20d"><span class="u">d</span>. Do not face the front of the gun at any time. Even when no
+fuel is being ejected, the incendiary charges of the ignition cylinder
+can cause severe burns.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20e"><span class="u">e</span>. Keep the gun dry and clean if possible. Avoid getting dirt
+or foreign matter into the weapon.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20f"><span class="u">f</span>. Avoid rough handling.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20g"><span class="u">g</span>. Wear gloves if available.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20h"><span class="u">h</span>. Carry any extra ignition cylinders only in metal containers.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">22</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_21">21. OPENING PRESSURE-TANK VALVE.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The release of pressure into the fuel tank causes a hissing sound.
+Therefore, open the pressure-tank valve while still out of hearing
+range of the enemy. Do not, however, open it prematurely because
+of the possibility of pressure leaks. To prevent frothing
+of the fuel, keep the tank group in as nearly an upright position as
+possible when opening pressure-tank valve. Be sure to turn the
+valve handle all the way in a counterclockwise direction. Stiffening
+of the fuel hose occurs when the pressure-tank valve is opened.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_22">22. RANGES.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Firers and assistants should learn to judge ranges by frequent
+practice under varying conditions. The firers should be trained
+to approach as close as practicable to the target and to fire if
+possible at point-blank range for the greatest results.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_22a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Point-blank range.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Effects</span>. At very close (point-blank)
+range almost all of the burning fuel can be fired at great velocity
+directly through ports and openings into the target. Maximum
+casualties and damage are caused in the hostile position.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Protection</span>. Common sense precautions are taken to prevent
+casualties to friendly personnel from possible ricochet or
+rebounding of flame. If the target includes a vertical wall at a
+right angle to the firer or other friendly personnel, the weapon
+should not be fired at closer than 7 to 10 yards. When the weapon
+is fired at small openings in a bunker or pillbox, the firer and
+other members of the assault squad should not approach closer
+than 7 to 10 yards from the target.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_22b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Other effective ranges.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Open fields of fire</span>. When
+thickened gasoline is used, portable flame throwers may fire
+with considerable effect as far as 40 yards under normal conditions,
+depending on wind direction and wind speed. Under the
+same conditions, liquid fuel maybe effective at 20 yards. Results
+and accuracy are not as great as at point-blank range.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Jungle or thick underbrush</span>. If the target is located in
+jungle or thick underbrush without cleared fields of fire, the
+effective range of the flame thrower is reduced by as much as
+one half, depending on the nature and density of the vegetation.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_22c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Ineffective ranges</span>. Although the flame may reach considerably
+farther than the ranges stated in <span class="u">b</span> (1) above it may be
+useless because of the steep angle of descent and because much
+of the fuel is burned before it reaches the target.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_23">23. WIND DEFLECTION.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Wind is an important factor because of the low velocity of the
+flaming fuel. Wind can lengthen, shorten, or deflect the flame.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_23a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Head winds</span>. Head winds of more than 5 miles per hour tend
+to carry heat or even flame back toward the firer. Liquid fuel
+should not be fired into a head wind of more than 5 miles per<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">23</a></span>
+hour. The range and accuracy of thickened fuels is reduced.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_23b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Following winds or very light winds</span>. Best results are obtained
+under these conditions.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_23c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Cross winds</span>. When firing at or near maximum range, cross
+winds deflect, breakup, and disperse the flame. They also reduce
+the range.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_24">24. FIRING POSITIONS.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_24a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Ease of aiming</span>. The flame thrower can be fired from any position
+that permits sufficient freedom to aim the weapon, subject to the
+conditions in <span class="u">b</span>, <span class="u">c</span>, and <span class="u">d</span>, below. This includes standing,
+kneeling, and prone. In some instances, flame throwers have been fired
+with tank groups resting on the ground or on skids. If used in this
+way, the tops of the fuel tanks must be propped up to conform to <span class="u">b</span>,
+below.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_24b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Angles of the tanks</span>. When firing, the bottoms of the fuel
+tanks must always be substantially lower than the tops. The tops
+of both tanks must also each be the same distance above the horizontal
+and neither tank should be tilted to one side. Otherwise,
+only a small part of the fuel may be blown from the tanks.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_24c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Recoil</span>. Stability must be sufficient to withstand the recoil
+from the gun. If possible, the firer should hold the gun snugly
+against his right side to support it and to absorb its recoil.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_24d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Protection</span>. Full advantage should be taken of cover and
+concealment, such as shell craters and vegetation.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_25">25. AIMING.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_25a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Sighting</span>. There are no sights on the gun because of the
+short range from which it is fired, the variety of fuels used, and
+the marked effects of wind. (<a href="#PARA_23">Par 23</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_25b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Fortifications</span>. When firing at a fortified position, flame
+must be directed <span class="u">into openings</span> (gun ports, firing slits, ventilation
+screens, doorways). Flame inside gives the desired effects, but
+flame on the outside has little effect on personnel within.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_25c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Thickened fuel</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_3">3</a> and <a href="#Fig_20">20</a>) When firing at or near
+maximum range, it may take several seconds for a burst of thickened
+fuel to carry through the air to the target area. Short bursts
+may result in misses at long range for this reason. Skill in aiming
+is particularly important with thickened fuel.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_25d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Liquid fuel</span>. With liquid fuel, the greatest effect may be obtained
+by placing the flame directly on the target. (<a href="#Fig_21">Fig 21</a>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">24</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_20">
+<img src="images/i_p024.jpg" width="600" height="330" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 20. Thickened fuel flame hitting and clinging to target. Fuel burns for several minutes.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">25</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_21">
+<img src="images/i_p025.jpg" width="600" height="329" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 21. Flame (liquid fuel) hitting target.</p></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_26">26. FIRING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">With pressure-tank valve open:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_26a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Pull trigger</span>. Pull the trigger rapidly and vigorously. A
+flash should appear at the front of the gun. This shows that an
+incendiary charge of the ignition cylinder has been ignited. Release
+the trigger. (If the flash does not appear, pull the trigger
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">26</a></span>
+again, or as often as necessary up to five times, until a flash appears.)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_26b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Squeeze fuel valve</span>. Immediately after pulling trigger, compress
+the valve lever and grip safety vigorously with the right
+hand. Burning fuel will be propelled from the gun.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_26c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Adjust fire</span>. Direct the flaming fuel at the target. Continue
+to squeeze the valve lever and grip safety throughout the burst.
+When thickened fuel is fired, follow the fuel with eyes to the side
+of the stream in order to observe and correct aim. (If eyes are
+directly behind the stream, the flame may obscure the target.)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_27">27. CEASING OR INTERRUPTING FIRE.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">To cease or interrupt firing, release the controls.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_28">28. ADDITIONAL BURSTS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">To fire additional bursts, repeat procedure followed in Paragraphs
+26 and 27, keeping in mind that there are five incendiary charges
+in the ignition cylinder and that the total firing time, not including
+time between bursts, is approximately 8 to 9 seconds. Each of
+the five incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder burns for
+from 8 to 12 seconds.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_29">29. SOAKING THE TARGET.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">When liquid fuel is used, it may be desirable to soak the target
+with fuel first and ignite it afterward. To do this, fire one or two
+short bursts without pulling the trigger. Then follow with an ignited
+burst, as in Paragraph <a href="#PARA_26">26</a>.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_30">30. AFTER FIRING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">When the firer has returned from his mission, he should:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_30a"><span class="u">a</span>. Remove and discard the ignition cylinder, as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Point gun at the ground.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Press latch. (<a href="#Fig_14">Fig 14</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Unscrew the ignition shield and allow ignition cylinder to
+fall out. (Be careful to keep the hands away from the front of the
+cylinder.)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Save the partly used cylinder for training use or destroy
+it by firing from gun after fuel tanks have been emptied. For information
+on care, handling, and storage of cylinders, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_30b"><span class="u">b</span>. Close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle
+clockwise (to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank).</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_30c"><span class="u">c</span>. Point the gun away from personnel and blow out the remaining
+fuel, if any, from the fuel tanks by squeezing the valve
+lever and grip safety until there is no further discharge. The
+trigger should not be used during this operation.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_30d"><span class="u">d</span>. Take off tank group from the back.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_30e"><span class="u">e</span>. Inspect, clean, and maintain the flame thrower (Pars <a href="#PARA_55">55</a> and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">27</a></span>
+<a href="#PARA_56">56</a>) or, if experienced maintenance personnel is close at hand, turn
+the weapon over to them for servicing.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_30f"><span class="u">f</span>. After servicing, place the weapon in the packing chest (<a href="#PARA_77">Par 77</a>)
+for protected storage, or prepare it for the next mission.
+(Pars <a href="#PARA_50">50</a> through <a href="#PARA_53">53</a>)</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_VIII_AUXILIARY">Section VIII AUXILIARY
+EQUIPMENT</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_31">31. IGNITION CYLINDER.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_31a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_13">13</a> and <a href="#Fig_22">22</a>) Either the
+M1 or E1 ignition cylinder may be used. It fits over the fore
+part of the barrel assembly and is revolved by the spring case.
+(<a href="#PARA_76">Par 76</a>) The five incendiary charges in the cylinder are spaced
+sufficiently far apart in the plastic body to prevent their igniting
+one another. Lead-foil seals, plastic closure plates, and waterproof
+cement make the unit comparatively waterproof.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_22">
+<img src="images/i_p027.jpg" width="600" height="424" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 22. Cutaway view of ignition cylinder (M1 or E1).</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_31b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Action</span>. When the trigger rod is pushed forward, one of five
+metal matches tipped with red phosphorus scratches an igniting
+mixture. The ignition carries to a starter mix and to a few grains
+of black powder on top of the incendiary charge. The black powder
+blows the foil seal and closure plate clear of the flame thrower,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">28</a></span>
+and the incendiary charge ignites the fuel as it is discharged from
+the nozzle. The incendiary charge burns for from 8 to 12 seconds.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_31c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Packing</span>. Ignition cylinders are packed two per waterproof
+can. Three cans are furnished with each flame thrower. Fifty
+cans (100 ignition cylinders) are contained in each packing box of
+extra cylinders.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_31d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Care, handling, and storage</span>. Ignition cylinders contain
+hazardous incendiary material and must be handled with due care.
+The following precautions should be observed.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Opening cans</span>. Do not open cans containing cylinders until
+ready to load for a mission. (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>) If an extra cylinder remains
+in an opened can, use it as soon as possible. Any defective cylinders,
+such as those with damaged closure plates, should be
+destroyed. (Pars <a href="#PARA_30">30</a> and <a href="#PARA_46">46</a>) Moisture may affect the cylinders
+and all possible care should be taken to avoid exposing them to
+dampness.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Handling cylinders</span>. Pressure on any of the five metal
+matches (<a href="#Fig_13">Fig 13</a>) may ignite an incendiary charge in the cylinder.
+Care must be exercised to avoid putting pressure on the projecting
+ends of the matches except when firing the weapon. Ignition
+cylinders and cylinder containers should be protected against
+shock. Boxes and cans containing cylinders must not be thrown
+or dropped.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Storing containers</span>. Containers of ignition cylinders are
+best stored in a dry, well-ventilated place, out of the direct rays
+of the sun, well protected against excessive temperatures. Smoking
+is not permitted and matches are not used where ignition cylinders
+are stored.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_32">32. CHARGING PRESSURE TANK.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_32a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">General</span>. The pressure tank of the flame thrower must be
+fully charged with compressed air or compressed nitrogen before
+the start of a mission. For the M2-2 flame thrower, a pressure
+of at least 1,700 pounds per square inch is required. This may be
+provided either by the use of an air compressor capable of producing
+a pressure of at least 1,700 pounds per square inch, or
+by the use of commercial cylinders. The filling and charging
+lines from the service kit are used in conjunction with the cylinders.
+Before and after charging, follow the procedures described
+in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_51">51</a> and <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_32b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Charging from air compressor</span>. Compressor, air, gasoline
+engine driven, 7CFM, M1, is a self-contained, skid-mounted
+machine designed for use with flame throwers. It is capable of
+charging pressure tanks of flame throwers and large 200-&nbsp;or
+220-cubic-foot commercial cylinders as well. Instructions for
+use of the compressor will be found in the manual accompanying it.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_32c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Charging from cylinders</span>. If an air compressor is not available,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">29</a></span>
+it is necessary to use cylinders containing nitrogen or air.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Volume and pressure</span>. Cylinders come charged with 200
+to 220 cubic feet of air or nitrogen. Since cylinders with 220
+cubic feet of air or nitrogen have a higher initial pressure,
+it is recommended that they be procured, if obtainable. All cylinders
+used must have a pressure of at least 600 pounds per
+square inch. One or more of the cylinders must have a pressure
+of at least 1,800 pounds per square inch. Two or more cylinders,
+preferably at least four, should be used, if available.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Charging capacity</span>. Fully charged cylinders, if properly
+used in rotation, have capacity for charging pressure tanks
+approximately as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="cylinder capacity">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">1 cylinder (used alone)</td>
+<td class="tdr">2</td>
+<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">2 cylinders (in combination)</td>
+<td class="tdr">6</td>
+<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">4 cylinders (in combination)</td>
+<td class="tdr">24</td>
+<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">5 cylinders (in combination)</td>
+<td class="tdr">36</td>
+<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">6 cylinders (in combination)</td>
+<td class="tdr">48</td>
+<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Apparatus</span>. The apparatus for charging two pressure tanks
+by the use of cylinders consists of a filling line, two charging
+lines, and two cylinders. (<a href="#Fig_23">Fig 23</a>) The filling line and charging
+lines are obtained from the service kit. (<a href="#PARA_48">Par 48</a>) Plugs are provided
+to close off either half of the filling line when only one
+flame-thrower tank group is to be charged.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Warning</span>. Oxygen is sometimes shipped in cylinders having
+the same threads as nitrogen cylinders. If oxygen not mixed
+with nitrogen, as in air, is introduced into the fuel tanks of the
+portable flame thrower, a violent explosion may result. Therefore,
+the greatest care must be exercised to see that only air or
+nitrogen is used. <span class="u">Before a cylinder is connected, it should be
+tested to determine that it does not contain straight oxygen or
+some combustible gas</span>. This may be done by introducing a burning
+splint into a jet of the contents. Oxygen causes the splint
+to burn quickly, whereas nitrogen extinguishes the flame. To
+make the test:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Fasten a thin splint of wood to a wire at least a foot long.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Ignite the splint.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Stand aside and hold it before the cylinder outlet.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Crack the valve slightly to permit a small stream of gas
+to emerge.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) If the flame flares up, the gas is oxygen and <span class="u">MUST NOT</span>
+be used.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) If the gas itself catches fire, it may be hydrogen, acetylene,
+or some other combustible gas, which also must not be used.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Attaching lines to cylinders</span>. (<a href="#Fig_23">Fig 23</a>) The procedure for
+charging two flame thrower pressure tanks from two cylinders
+of nitrogen or compressed air begins as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Remove the valve-protection caps from the cylinders.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">30</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_23">
+<img src="images/i_p030.jpg" width="437" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 23. Charging two pressure tanks, using charging and filling
+lines, and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">31</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Place the cylinders side by side with both outlets facing
+in the same direction. (If the ground is not level enough for the
+cylinders to stand up side by side, lay them horizontally with
+both outlets face up.)</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Before attaching the filling line to the cylinders, blow
+out dust. (<a href="#PARA_33">Par 33</a>) Then connect, using wrenches to make the
+joints pressure tight. Do not kink or bend the flexible hose. Cylinders
+must be close enough together to prevent strain on the
+flexible hose.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Attach a charging line to each of the two couplings on
+the filling line.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) <span class="u">Attaching charging lines to pressure tanks.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Close pressure-tank valves.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Unscrew caps from check valves.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Screw the charging-line fittings onto the check valves.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Close bleeders.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) <span class="u">Charging</span>. The operation of charging two pressure tanks
+from two cylinders is as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Close both filling-line valves.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Open cylinder valves.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Determine which cylinder has the lower pressure by the
+gages. Open the filling-line valve at the gage showing the lower
+pressure and fill the pressure tanks to the pressure shown by the
+gage. Close the valve. Then open the other filling-line valve
+and fill the pressure tanks until they reach pressures of at least
+1,700 pounds per square inch as shown by the gage.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) When the pressure tanks have been filled, close the filling-line
+valves. Open the bleeders on the charging lines and leave
+them open until the pressure in the charging lines is released.
+Then close bleeders. Remove the charging-line fittings from
+the check valves. Screw the threaded caps on the check valves
+and tighten caps with a wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Repeat steps in (<span class="u">a</span>) through (<span class="u">d</span>) above for as many pairs
+of empty flame-thrower tanks as require charging.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(8) <span class="u">To insure proper pressure</span>. Care should be taken to make
+certain that the compression delivered to the flame-thrower pressure
+tank is a full 1,700 pounds per square inch.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) If a filling-line valve leaks, tighten the packing nut on
+the valve with a wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) When the higher pressure shown on the filling-line gages
+is less than 1,700 pounds per square inch, close the filling-line
+valve and the cylinder valve on the cylinder having the lower
+pressure. Remove and replace this cylinder with a fully charged
+cylinder. With chalk, mark the pressure on the cylinder which
+has been withdrawn.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(9) <span class="u">After charging</span>. When charging has been completed:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Close the filling-line valves. Observe the pressure indicated
+on each gage and mark the pressure on each cylinder using<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">32</a></span>
+crayon, chalk, or pencil.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Close the valves on the cylinders.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Remove the charging-line fittings from the check
+valves, replace the threaded caps on the check valves, and tighten
+caps with a wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Remove the filling lines from the cylinders. Use two
+wrenches and take care not to twist or kink the flexible hose.
+Support the lines during the operation so that their full weight
+does not hang on the flexible hose during removal.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_24">
+<img src="images/i_p032.jpg" width="600" height="385" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 24. Arrangement of cylinders and lines for charging four
+flame throwers. Flexible hose (assembly E81-3-6) from
+service kit is used to connect two filling lines.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(10) <span class="u">Use of four-place lines</span>. (<a href="#Fig_24">Fig 24</a>) The filling and charging
+lines found in two or more service kits may be combined for more
+efficient charging of large numbers of pressure tanks. An additional
+flexible hose is provided in each service kit for connecting
+two filling lines. The procedure for charging is similar to that
+described above for the two-place line. Air or nitrogen is taken
+first from the cylinder with the lowest pressure and last from the
+cylinder with the highest pressure. See <span class="u">a</span> (2) above.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_33">33. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PRESSURE-CHARGING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Personnel will familiarize themselves with the following precautions:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u"> Handling</span>. Handle all cylinders and flame throwers carefully;
+never drop them and never subject them to shocks or blows.
+Keep valve-protection caps secured when cylinders are being
+handled, except when such handling is incident to the use of the
+nitrogen or air.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">33</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u"> Storage</span>. Keep all cylinders and charged flame throwers or
+tank groups (<a href="#PARA_77">Par 77</a>) in open or closed storage. They must, however,
+be protected from dampness and excessive rise in temperature
+caused by the direct rays of the sun or other source of heat.
+Avoid storing them near highly flammable substances, or in places
+where they may be struck by moving objects. Segregate empty
+cylinders to avoid confusion.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u"> Personnel</span>. Do not attempt to use compressed gases unless
+trained in this work. Use gases only for the purposes for which
+they are intended.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u"> Cylinder valves</span>. Do not tamper with safety devices in cylinder
+valves. If available, use the proper replacement parts
+for safety devices which are in need of repair. If such parts are
+not available, do not attempt to use makeshifts or nonstandard
+parts.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u"> Opening of valves</span>. Open valves slowly and fully each time
+nitrogen or compressed air is transferred from a cylinder. When a
+wrench is used, be sure it is one that fits properly, and that it is
+kept ready for instant use while the compressed gas is being released.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u"> Threads</span>. See that threads match before making connections.
+Some valves are provided with special threads which must be
+matched by the threads in the equipment being connected.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u"> Correct equipment</span>. Use gages, regulators, hose, pipe, and
+tubing of the type manufactured or specified for the particular
+apparatus or compressed gas.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u"> Repair</span>. Never attempt to alter or repair a cylinder.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u"> Flames and sparks</span>. Do not permit flames, sparks, or ignition
+from the flame thrower or other source to touch hose.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u"> Blowing out dust</span>. Immediately before coupling an attachment to the
+pressure tank or cylinder valve, open it for an instant to blow out any
+dust or dirt. Never stand where gas or dirt may be blown into the eyes
+or face. If the valve is difficult to open, apply more force gradually.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33k"><span class="u">k</span>. <span class="u"> Special devices</span>. Do not attempt to use any special connections or
+equipment without the approval of a qualified expert.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33l"><span class="u">l</span>. <span class="u"> Keeping valves closed</span>. Keep the valve of each cylinder closed when
+its contents are not actually being released from or admitted to the
+cylinder. This applies alike to all cylinders, whether they contain a
+compressed gas or are empty.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_34">34. CHARACTERISTICS OF FUELS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Thickened fuels give up to twice the range of liquid fuels. The
+stream of thickened fuel is comparatively narrow. Most of the
+glue-like fuel clings to and burns in or on the target for as long
+as 6 minutes. Liquid fuels, on the other hand, are largely consumed
+in flight to the target. If the location of small openings
+in the target is known, the stream of thickened fuel can be spotted<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">34</a></span>
+by accurate aiming so that most of the fuel enters directly
+into the openings. While it does not billow around corners as
+does liquid fuel, thickened fuel strikes the target with force enough
+to ricochet inside. It clings to skin and clothing while burning.
+It also has excellent incendiary effects. The initial flame and
+smoke are less from thickened fuel than from liquid fuel, but the
+lower visibility, greater range, and much longer burning period
+of thickened fuel compensate for its smaller screening effect.
+Liquid fuels are easier to pour when filling than are thickened
+fuels.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_35">35. PREPARATION OF THICKENED FUELS.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_35a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Ingredients</span>. Thickened fuels consist of U.S. Army fuel
+thickener mixed with fuel.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Thickener</span>. U.S. Army thickener is supplied in airtight
+cans, each containing 5-1/4 pounds of the material.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Gasoline and fuel oil</span>. Gasoline alone is often used with
+thickener, but mixtures of gasoline and light fuel oil may be used
+satisfactorily. The light fuel oil can be either No. 1 fuel oil, No.
+2 fuel oil, automotive diesel oil, or kerosene. These mixtures
+give more heat and do not form crusts. Except in hot climates,
+75 percent or more of the mixture by weight or volume should
+be gasoline. (If too much light fuel oil is included, the fuel tends
+to separate into two layers.) In tropical theaters, a thickened
+blend of 50 percent gasoline and 50 percent light fuel oil has been
+reported to give favorable results. Storage qualities are not
+known, however. Another mixture which has been well recommended
+in field reports is 15 gallons of gasoline to 5 gallons of
+diesel fuel oil. Issue gasoline may be used, but locally procured
+gasolines which contain alcohol are not suitable.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Proportion of thickener to fuel</span>. Less thickener is recommended
+than formerly. A low ratio of thickener gives a thickened
+fuel with many of the characteristics of liquid fuel. One
+can of thickener to 20 U.S. gallons of gasoline, or gasoline and
+light fuel-oil mixture, gives good results. This is a 4.2 percent
+by weight mixture. Except in hot weather, a fuel mixture of less
+than 3 percent thickener requires such long stirring that its preparation
+is impractical.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Equipment</span>. An open-head 55-gallon or 42-gallon drum and
+an improvised wooden mixing paddle are used. Five-gallon cans
+may be employed to transfer the ingredients. The paddle should
+be approximately 5 feet long, 2 inches wide, and 1 inch thick.
+If a standard 55-gallon, open-head drum with an internal diameter
+of 27-7/16 inches is used, the improvised paddle should be marked
+to indicate gallons as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="paddle markings">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Gallons</span></th>
+<th class="tdr normal"><span class="add2em"><span class="u">Inches</span></span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">40</td>
+<td class="tdr">23-1/2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">20</td>
+<td class="tdr">11-3/4</td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">35</a></span>
+Do not use a metal paddle because of the danger of striking a
+spark from the drum. Never use galvanized containers for mixing
+and storing thickened fuels. These may cause the fuel to break
+down and become excessively thin. An improvised funnel may be
+helpful in filling drums with prepared fuel for aging or transporting.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35d"><span class="u">d. Temperatures.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Below 50 degrees</span>. If the temperature is
+below 50 degrees Fahrenheit, it is helpful to prepare thickened
+fuel indoors, in a heated room. All precautions should be particularly
+observed. (<a href="#PARA_40">Par 40</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Above 90 degrees</span>. When the fuel is hotter than 90 degrees
+Fahrenheit, the thickener reacts very rapidly. In this case, it is
+easier to prepare batches of 20 gallons each, but any number of
+batches may be prepared in succession.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35e"><span class="u">e. Moisture.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Effect of moisture</span>. Water in thickened fuel
+breaks down or reduces the viscosity of the gel and thereby reduces
+the range of the flame thrower. This effect may not be
+noticeable at once, but the stability of the fuel is affected.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Dryness of thickener</span>. Dry thickener is extremely hygroscopic,
+that is, it absorbs moisture from the atmosphere very
+rapidly. For this reason, thickener is shipped in hermetically
+sealed tin cans containing the exact quantity of powder required
+for mixing with 20 gallons of fuel to prepare a 4.2 percent mixture.
+It is important that the gasoline or fuel oil and gasoline
+be measured out before the thickener container is opened. The
+powder then should be poured immediately into the liquid.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Dryness of containers</span>. It is important that all containers
+used in mixing and handling the fuel be dry.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Keeping water out of gasoline</span>. Gasoline, especially when
+it has been stored in vented containers, frequently includes free
+water. Therefore, when using gasoline from a bulk-storage tank
+or an open drum, first place it in a clean, dry drum; allow it to
+stand quietly for at least an hour; then carefully pour off the
+gasoline from the top and discard the last gallon or two.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Pouring and stirring</span>. (<a href="#Fig_25">Fig 25</a>) The liquid fuel is poured
+into the open drum; a pail or a paddle (<a href="#PARA_35c">Par 35 <span class="u">c</span></a>) is used for measuring.
+One man then stirs the fuel vigorously. Another takes a
+can of thickener, splits it with a machete, bayonet, or ax, and
+pours it immediately into the fuel. Any large lumps of powder
+are broken by hand before the powder is added to the fuel. When
+mixing 40 gallons at a time, the two cans of thickener should be
+opened and added to the fuel in rapid succession. If the contents
+of the first can are permitted to gel before adding the second can,
+it will be difficult to obtain a uniform mix. Continue to stir.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">36</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_25">
+<img src="images/i_p036_1.jpg" width="600" height="446" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 25. Measuring fuel ingredient into mixing drum. Paddle
+for measuring and stirring is improvised.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_26">
+<img src="images/i_p036_2.jpg" width="600" height="430" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 26. Transferring newly mixed thickened fuel from mixing
+drum to storage or shipping container for aging.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_35g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Examining fuel</span>. Lift the paddle quickly. If the mixture
+drops or runs from the paddle, additional stirring is necessary.
+When the paddle comes out clean, except for an adhering film,
+stirring should be stopped, provided there is no further visible
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">37</a></span>
+settling of particles of thickener.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Loading shipping drums</span>. When stirring is completed, the
+mix is immediately bucketed (<a href="#Fig_26">Fig 26</a>) through a funnel into the
+shipping drum. The second bung hole should be open, if possible,
+to provide a vent to aid in pouring. Two men do the bucketing,
+each handling one pail so that the funnel may be kept loaded with
+mix and the shipping drum filled as rapidly as possible. Finally,
+the open-end drum should be picked up and its contents poured
+into the funnel. Not more than 50 gallons of thickened fuel should
+be loaded into a 55-gallon drum. The funnel should then be removed
+and replaced by a plug. The vent opening of the drum should
+also be closed. (See Paragraph 39 for pressure method of filling
+storage drums.)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Unused thickener</span>. Any thickener remaining in opened cans
+should be discarded. Since moisture in the air can quickly ruin
+its properties, no attempt should be made to save it.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u">Aging and storing</span>. Newly mixed fuel has the appearance of
+tapioca pudding. (<a href="#Fig_27">Fig 27</a>) It should preferably be stored overnight
+before use. It may, however, be fired within 1 hour after mixing.
+To keep fuel in good condition, drums for shipping and storing
+must be clean, moistureproof, dry, strong, and unrusted, but not
+galvanized. They must be kept tightly closed and should be laid
+on their sides so that rain water will not collect around the bungs.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35k"><span class="u">k</span>. <span class="u">Testing fuel</span>. Before use on missions, all fuels should be
+tested by being fired from a flame thrower. This is advisable
+because the characteristics of the fuel ingredients often vary.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_27">
+<img src="images/i_p037.jpg" width="600" height="374" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 27. Contrasting newly mixed thickened fuel (right)
+with aged fuel (left).</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">38</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_36">36. PREPARATION OF LIQUID FUELS.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_36a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Choice of ingredients</span>. Thin fuels are easy to ignite, but
+they lack range and are largely burned in flight before reaching
+the target. For this reason, liquid fuels should contain the lowest
+proportion of gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier oils
+that permits easy ignition. In hot climates, less gasoline is
+needed than in cold climates. Exactness of proportion, however,
+is not of great importance. Suitable blends are as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Equal parts by weight or by volume of gasoline, light fuel
+oil, and heavy (bunker) fuel oil. The light fuel oil can be either
+No. 1 fuel oil, No. 2 fuel oil, automotive diesel oil, or kerosene.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) One part gasoline to four parts of cleaned crankcase drainings.
+(<a href="#PARA_36e">Par 36<span class="u">e</span></a>) Unused motor lubricating oil can be employed in
+place of crankcase drainings, but usually it will be unavailable
+for flame-thrower use.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36b"><span class="u">b. Preparation of ingredients</span>. Before mixing blends, the following
+steps should be taken:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Gasoline, diesel oils, and fuel oils</span>. These fuel materials
+should be allowed to stand quietly for at least 30 minutes to permit
+any small quantity of water present to settle to the bottom.
+When transferring the fuel to another container, remove the fuel
+carefully so that no water is remixed with it.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Crankcase drainings</span>. If possible, crankcase drainings
+should be allowed to stand quietly in a container for at least 1 day.
+When pouring, take care to prevent the transfer of any of the
+sludge which may have settled in the bottom of the container.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Equipment</span>. An open-head 55-gallon or 42-gallon drum and
+an improvised wooden mixing paddle are used. The paddle should
+be approximately 5 feet long, 2 inches wide, and 1 inch thick. A
+metal paddle should not be provided because of the danger of striking
+a spark from the drum. Five-gallon cans may also be furnished
+for measuring and transferring ingredients. Clean, unrusted,
+steel storage drums should be at hand. They should be at
+least 16-gage to have sufficient strength to withstand the internal
+vapor pressure of the fuel.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Stirring</span>. All the ingredients should be stirred in the drum
+with the paddle until they appear to form a uniform mixture.
+This should require approximately 2 minutes.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Crankcase-draining blends</span>. If crankcase drainings are
+used as an ingredient (<a href="#PARA_36b">Par 36<span class="u">b</span></a>), it is preferable to allow the prepared
+mixture to settle for 24 hours after stirring, because the
+gasoline in the mixture may cause additional sludge to be deposited.
+Even after this settling period, it is recommended that the
+mixture be poured through cheesecloth or some similar fabric
+before the flame thrower is filled. Crankcase-draining blends
+should be allowed to stay in the flame thrower only long enough
+for completion of a mission, because additional sludge which may
+form from standing will clog the weapon.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">39</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Transferring</span>. The mixture should be transferred either
+directly into the flame-thrower fuel tanks (Pars <a href="#PARA_37">37</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>)
+or into storage drums. (<a href="#PARA_35h">Par 35<span class="u">h</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Emergency mixing in fuel tanks</span>. In an emergency, mixing
+can be done in the flame-thrower fuel tanks by adding the ingredients
+in correct proportions and then shaking or stirring.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Testing fuel</span>. Before fuel is used on a mission, it should
+be tested, if possible, by being fired from a flame thrower.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Storage</span>. Fuels may be used immediately after preparation.
+If the blend contains crankcase oils, the fuel should be fired as
+soon as practicable after filling. Other liquid blends may be
+stored indefinitely until required for use. For storage precautions
+see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>. The storage drums also should be kept
+tightly closed to prevent loss of gasoline through evaporation and
+to prevent moisture from entering the fuel. If stored in the open,
+the drums should be laid on their sides so that rain water will not
+collect adjacent to the bungs. An unrusted and undamaged 16-gage
+or 18-gage drum has sufficient strength to withstand the
+internal vapor pressure of the fuel.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_37">37. FILLING BY POURING.</h4>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_28">
+<img src="images/i_p039.jpg" width="600" height="441" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 28. Filling fuel tanks by pouring. Any clean
+container may be used. A funnel may be improvised.</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent">(<a href="#Fig_28">Fig 28</a>) This method is the simplest and quickest for liquid fuel,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">40</a></span>
+but it may be too slow for some thickened fuels. The procedure is as
+follows:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_37a"><span class="u">a</span>. Stand the tank group on the ground or a platform. If the tank
+group is not connected to the gun group, lock coupling plug in tank
+coupling. (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_37b"><span class="u">b</span>. Using a 1-3/4-inch wrench, unscrew the filling plug and the
+safety-head plug.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_37c"><span class="u">c</span>. Inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign
+matter. If not clean, flush with gasoline.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_37d"><span class="u">d</span>. Using an improvised funnel, fill to within 2 inches of the top of
+both plug openings. This allows sufficient void. The tanks will then
+contain approximately 4 gallons of fuel.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_37e"><span class="u">e</span>. Wipe the fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean,
+dry cloth. (<a href="#Fig_29">Fig 29</a>) If plug has a tendency to freeze to seat, lubricate
+(<a href="#PARA_49b">Par 49 <span class="u">b</span></a>) before screwing in the filling and safety-head plug
+assemblies. Tighten with wrench.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_29">
+<img src="images/i_p040.jpg" width="300" height="408" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 29. Wiping plug seat.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_37f"><span class="u">f</span>. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_38">38. FILLING BY FORCE PUMP.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">A force pump, if available, may be installed with a short length of
+pipe in the top opening of a drum of fuel for filling flame-thrower
+fuel tanks. Keep working parts of pump clean.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_39">39. FILLING BY BLOWING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Thickened fuel may be readily forced into the fuel tanks of flame
+throwers by the use of extremely low pressures of compressed
+air or nitrogen. Flame thrower fuel filling kit E6 or equivalent
+may be used. When equipment is available, filling by blowing is
+more efficient for filling large numbers of flame throwers with
+thickened fuel. Pouring or pumping are more time-consuming,
+depending on the consistency of the gel. The consistency may vary
+among batches even when the same proportion of thickener is
+used. The amount of moisture in the fuel seems to cause this
+variation. The precautions listed in Paragraph <a href="#PARA_40">40</a> should be
+observed.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">41</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_30">
+<img src="images/i_p041.jpg" width="600" height="360" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 30. Blowing thickened fuel into fuel tanks by use of
+cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_39a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Source of pressure</span>. When the pressure in cylinders of compressed
+air or nitrogen has fallen too low to be of further use in filling
+pressure tanks of flame throwers, the remaining pressure<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">42</a></span> may be used
+to blow fuel into fuel tanks if the regulator valve can reduce pressure
+down to 20 pounds per square inch. For precautions, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>.
+An air compressor or a hand air pump (tire pump) may be used in place
+of a cylinder if the latter is not available. Pressure of <span class="u">no more than
+15 to 20 pounds</span> per square inch should be used on the fuel drums. Only
+a diaphragm-type regulator valve can be used safely. This valve must be
+capable of regulating any pressure that may be applied to it.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_39b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Drums</span>. Clean, noncorroded, steel, 55-gallon drums should be used.
+Drums of United States manufacture which meet requirements will be
+stamped ICC-5 or ICC-5A, followed by three numbers in sequence, for
+example, “14-55-44.” The number “14” indicates the gage of the metal;
+“55” indicates the capacity in gallons; and “44” indicates the year
+of manufacture. A steel drum of 14 gage, or heavier, is preferable,
+but lighter drums (of 16 or 18 gage) may be used. Drums made of gages
+lighter than 18 gage (20-or 22-gage) must not be used. Drums should
+never be moved while under pressure.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_39c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Connections</span>. The source of pressure (see <a href="#PARA_39a"><span class="u">a</span></a> above), the drum
+of fuel, the fuel-filling line, the air hose, and other parts, are
+connected as shown in <a href="#Fig_30">Figure 30</a>. Threaded adapters are used, as
+necessary, to fit lines to the drum. All threaded connections should
+be made tight by the use of wrenches on the joints. The drum and the
+pressure cylinder (if the latter is used) should be laid on their sides
+on the ground or a platform. The opening of the drum connected to the
+fuel-filling hose should be close to the ground or platform. If tank
+group is filled without gun group, lock coupling plug (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>) in tank
+coupling.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_39d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Procedure</span>. To fill fuel tanks:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Remove both the filling and safety-head plugs.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign
+matter. If not clean, flush with gasoline.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Place end of fuel-filling hose in either one of the two fuel-tank
+plug holes, using a nipple as a spout.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Start air compressor or pump, or open the valve on the cylinder of
+compressed air or nitrogen. Open regulator valve on filling line by
+turning handle <span class="u">slowly</span> until gage shows 15 to 20 pounds pressure, but
+no more. <span class="u">Caution</span>: “Cracking,” or opening a cylinder valve without
+using the proper regulator valve (<a href="#PARA_39a">Par 39 <span class="u">a</span></a>), may result in explosive
+pressure in the drums.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Both tanks must be filled to within 2 inches of their tops. Close
+valve on fuel-filling hose to halt flow at this level.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) If no additional flame throwers are to be filled, close
+pressure-cylinder valve, or stop compressor or pump. Then, using
+wrench, slightly loosen the air line at the drum, allowing pressure
+to bleed. When the pressure in the drum has fallen to that of the
+atmosphere, close regulator valve.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">43</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) Roll drum slightly and gently until fuel-filling hose is at top of
+drum.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(8) If there are valves on each end of the fuel-filling hose, use
+wrench to slightly loosen hose, allowing gradual escape of pressure.
+Stand away from, and at the side of, the connection. Keep hose pointed
+away from other personnel. When all pressure has been released,
+complete unscrewing of hose.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(9) Wipe fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean, dry
+cloth. Then screw in filling plug and safety-head plug assemblies,
+applying grease (<a href="#PARA_49b">Par 49 <span class="u">b</span></a>) if plug tends to freeze to seat. Tighten
+with wrench. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_40">40. PRECAUTIONS WITH FUELS.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_40a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Flammability</span>. All fuels used in flame throwers obviously are
+highly flammable and must be handled, stored, and used with extreme
+care. Diesel oil, fuel oil, and kerosene require the same care as does
+gasoline.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Indoor storage</span>. When it becomes necessary to handle gasoline in
+a room or building, the windows and doors should be open and care
+taken that no unprotected flame which might ignite the fumes is in the
+vicinity. The doors and windows should remain open for a sufficient
+length of time afterward to allow any vaporized gasoline to escape.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Flames and sparks</span>. The presence of open flames, heated stoves,
+electrical tools and apparatus, and other equipment likely to cause
+sparks must not be permitted. Even nails and metal cleats in shoes are
+a potential hazard in the presence of combustible fumes.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Smoking</span>. “No Smoking” signs must be posted in prominent places
+about the premises and the rule against smoking must be strictly
+enforced.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Ventilation and cleaning</span>. The buildings in which fuel is stored
+or used must be well ventilated and thoroughly cleaned every day. No
+rubbish or other flammable material should be permitted to remain in or
+near such buildings.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Spillage</span>. Care should be taken that fuel is not spilled. Any
+spillage should be removed promptly.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Safety cans</span>. Safety cans should be used, if possible, for storing
+small quantities of gasoline, as they have covers that must be forcibly
+held open to remove or add gasoline.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Rags</span>. Metal receptacles with metal lids should be provided for
+discarded, oily, or gasoline-soaked rags. These rags must be disposed
+of daily.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Electrical apparatus</span>. Vaporproof incandescent electric lamps,
+switches, and other appliances of approved type should be used. Open
+switches, relays, and similar apparatus, or motors with commutators,
+must not be used where gasoline fumes may be encountered.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">44</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u">Hose</span>. Flexible metal, rubber, and rubber-metal hose should be
+inspected regularly (at least four times a year) and discarded when
+noticeably deteriorated.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40k"><span class="u">k</span>. <span class="u">Toxic fumes</span>. Gasoline fumes are somewhat toxic and should not be
+inhaled.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40l"><span class="u">l</span>. <span class="u">Leaks</span>. Leaks must never be neglected, and the fact that gasoline
+is a dangerous liquid must always be kept in mind. Inspections for
+leaks should be made frequently, particularly at pipe and hose joints.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40m"><span class="u">m</span>. <span class="u">Fire extinguishers</span>. Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, or
+foam-type fire extinguishers should be provided and located where they
+will be accessible in the event of fire. Sand, not water, should be
+thrown on burning fuel if suitable extinguishers are not available.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40n"><span class="u">n</span>. <span class="u">Leaded gasoline</span>. Gasoline often contains a poisonous lead
+compound. Such gasoline, or fuel containing leaded gasoline, should not
+be allowed to touch the body, especially the lips, eyes, open cuts, and
+sores.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_IX_OPERATION">Section IX OPERATION
+UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_41">41. WET CONDITIONS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The M2-2 flame thrower may be carried and fired successfully
+in the rain or even after short immersion in water. After use
+when wet, it should be dried to prevent rusting, cleaned, and
+lubricated. (Pars <a href="#PARA_49">49</a> and <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>) Areas where paint has worn off
+should be touched up with fresh paint. The weapon should be
+stored in a dry place. Moisture must not be allowed to enter
+fuel, ingredients of fuel, or containers of ignition cylinders.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_42">42. DUST AND MUD.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Keep all possible dust, earth, and mud out of the flame thrower;
+particles may interfere with the operation of spring case, valves,
+bearings, and pressure regulator. Store weapons and auxiliary equipment
+in closed chests and boxes when not in use. (<a href="#PARA_77">Par 77</a>) Clean before use.
+(Pars <a href="#PARA_51">51</a> and <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_43">43. HEAT.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">A hot climate or exposure to the sun makes the fuel thinner when in
+containers. Thin fuel has shorter range; it is largely consumed in the
+air before it reaches usual effective ranges. Where the climate is
+torrid, less gasoline or other thinning agents should be used in a fuel
+blend than normally. (Pars <a href="#PARA_34">34</a> through <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">45</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_44">44. COLD.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Cold weather reduces total heat produced at target but seldom enough
+to seriously lower value of a firing mission. Incendiary effects may
+be decreased because materiel is less flammable when cold. The weapon
+may be used at temperatures as low as minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit. To
+improve ignition, use more gasoline in fuel than normally. (Pars <a href="#PARA_34">34</a>
+through <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_45">45. WIND.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Flame throwers should not be fired into strong head winds or across
+strong side winds. (<a href="#PARA_23">Par 23</a>)</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_X_DEMOLITION">Section X DEMOLITION<br />
+TO PREVENT ENEMY USE</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_46">46. DESTRUCTION PROCEDURE.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">If circumstances should force abandonment of chemical warfare materiel
+in the field, it is destroyed or rendered useless to prevent its use or
+study by the enemy. The following methods are recommended:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_46a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Flame thrower</span>. One or more small-arms bullets through the fuel
+tanks will prevent any immediate use of the flame thrower. Additional
+rounds may be put through the pressure tank. If the pressure tank is
+charged, the pressure-tank valve should be opened for a few seconds,
+thus permitting the contents to dissipate. This is necessary if rounds
+are to be fired point-blank. The gun may be rendered useless by bending
+it over a hard object. A sledge or ax will demolish valves and tubes. A
+fragmentation grenade will also achieve demolition.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_46b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Filling and charging apparatus</span>. The flexible tubing, gages, and
+valves may be destroyed by blows with an ax, sledge, or other heavy
+instrument. The large pressure cylinders are rendered useless by
+releasing the contents and then destroying the valves by blows with an
+ax or sledge. Cylinders can be stacked like cordwood in groups of five
+and demolished by the detonation of four 1/2-pound blocks (2 pounds) of
+TNT in their midst. The air compressor may be destroyed by a similar
+procedure.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_46c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Fuel</span>. Burn.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_46d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Mixing apparatus</span>. Containers and filling lines may be rendered
+useless by ax or sledge blows, or by small-arms fire.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_46e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Thickener</span>. Cans of thickener should be broken open. Contents
+should be thrown into a fire or into a body of water.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_46f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Ignition cylinders</span>. Burn to destroy. Personnel should stay
+several yards from the fire because the cylinders ignite with a slight
+detonation.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">46</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="PART_THREE">PART THREE<br />
+<br />
+MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS</h2>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<h3 id="Section_XI_GENERAL">Section XI GENERAL</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_47">47. SCOPE.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Part Three contains information for the guidance of the personnel of
+the using organizations responsible for the maintenance (1st and 2nd
+echelon) of this equipment. It contains information needed for the
+performance of the scheduled lubrication and preventive maintenance
+services as well as descriptions of the major systems and units and
+their functions in relation to other components of the equipment.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Section_XII_SPECIAL_ORGANIZATIONAL">Section XII SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL
+TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_48">48. SERVICE KIT.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">One service kit for portable flame thrower M2-2 will be furnished
+for each six M2-2 portable flame throwers. The kit includes tools,
+equipment, and spare parts for second echelon maintenance and for
+pressure-tank charging. Adjustable wrenches may be included in place of
+the plain-end wrenches listed. Numbers listed with items are Chemical
+Warfare Service stock numbers. Approximate contents are as follows:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_48a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Tools.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Screwdriver, cabinet, 4-1/2-inch blade length, 3/16-inch blade
+diameter, H22-50-13. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Screw driver, common, 6-inch blade length, 5/16-inch blade diameter,
+H22-50-6. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Wrenches, hex, 3/16 inch across flats (for 3/8-inch socket-head set
+screws), H22-49-91.</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Wrenches, hex, 1/8 inch across flats (for 1/4-inch socket-head set
+screws), H22-49-12. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">47</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, valve-adjusting, assembly A81-6-48. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-1/2-inch openings, 12 inches
+approx length, H22-49-113. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, engineers’, double head, 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch openings, 9
+inches approx length, H22-49-115. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-3/4-inch openings, 12 inches
+approx length, A81-6-49. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, engineers’, single head, 1-1/8-inch opening, 10-1/2 inches
+approx length, H22-49-31. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, adjustable, single end, 6 inches approx length
+(crescent-type), H22-49-67. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_48b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Accessories and spare parts.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Line, filling, pressure cylinder, assembly C81-3-4. (<a href="#Fig_23">Fig 23</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Hose, flexible, assembly E81-3-6. (<a href="#Fig_24">Fig 24</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Lines, charging, pressure cylinder, assembly B81-3-29. (<a href="#Fig_23">Fig 23</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Tank and valve, pressure, assembly (less shaft and handle) B81-1-374.
+(<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Shaft, flexible, valve, assembly E81-1-470. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Handle, valve, A81-1-473. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Nut, machine-screw, hex, 5/16-inch, 24NF-2, H22-93-55. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Case, spring, assemblies B81-1-444. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Diaphragm, valve, assemblies A81-1-416. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Hose, fuel, flame thrower, M1, assembly B81-1-498. (<a href="#Fig_48">Fig 48</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Plugs, coupling, E81-1-514. (<a href="#Fig_7">Fig 7</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">6 Heads, safety, R81-1-561. (<a href="#Fig_39">Fig 39</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Gage, fuel tank testing, assembly E81-6-57. (This assembly includes a
+plug drilled, tapped, and fitted with a 0-500-pound pressure gage.)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">3 Washers, coupling, A81-1-513. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Cord, cotton, seine, No. 4 hard braided, mildewproof, O.D., (1/8-inch
+diameter by 25-feet skeins), H100-4-5.</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">6 Bushings, pipe, head, 3/4 inch by 1/2 inch, (galvanized iron),
+H98-5-93. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Regulator, pressure, assembly B81-1-438. (Figs 33 and 37)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Compound, anti-seize, white lead base, (for threaded fittings)
+1/4-pound can, H99-3-12.</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Gages, pressure cylinder testing, assembly B81-6-90. (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig 32</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Catalog CW7-440114, Army Service Forces, “Portable Flame Thrower
+M2-2.”</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Technical Manual 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower M2-2.”</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">48</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_31">
+<img src="images/i_p048.jpg" width="600" height="298" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 31. Lubrication order.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent small">To requisition a replacement
+Lubrication Order address
+Office of the Chief, Chemical
+Warfare Service, Washington
+25, D. C.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent small">NOT TO BE REPRODUCED
+in whole or in part without permission
+of the Office of the
+Chief, Chemical Warfare Service.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent sansserif"><b>NO. 4001</b></p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="lubrication">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal bord_bot" colspan="4">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&nbsp;<span class="sansserif">KEY</span>&nbsp;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc bord_left bord_right bord_bot" colspan="2"><span class="sansserif">LUBRICANTS</span></td>
+<td class="bord_bot">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl bord_right bord_bot"><span class="sansserif">INTERVALS</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr bord_left"><span class="sansserif">CG-</span></td>
+<td class="tdl bord_right"><span class="sansserif">GREASE,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="sansserif">1-</span></td>
+<td class="tdl bord_right"><span class="sansserif">AFTER EACH MISSION</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="bord_left">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl bord_right"><span class="sansserif">GENERAL PURPOSE</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="sansserif">6-</span></td>
+<td class="tdl bord_right"><span class="sansserif">AFTER SIX MISSIONS</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc bord_left bord_right" colspan="2"><span class="sansserif">NO. 1 (ABOVE + 32°F)</span></td>
+<td class="tdc bord_right" colspan="2"><span class="sansserif">OR MORE OFTEN</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc bord_left bord_right bord_bot" colspan="2"><span class="sansserif">NO. O (BELOW + 32°F)</span></td>
+<td class="bord_right bord_bot" colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc" colspan="4">
+<span class="sansserif small">THIS ORDER IS TO BE FASTENED TO INSIDE LID OF FLAME THROWER<br />
+PACKING CHEST.</span></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<p class="noindent small">Copy of this Lubrication Order will remain with the equipment at all
+times; instructions contained therein are mandatory and supersede all
+conflicting lubrication Instructions dated prior to <span class="sansserif large"><b>5 MAY 1944</b></span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">By order of the Secretary of War:<br />
+<span class="add2em">G. C. Marshall, Chief of Staff.</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Official:<br />
+<span class="add1em">J. A. Ulio,</span><br />
+<span class="add2em">Major General,</span><br />
+<span class="add3em">The Adjutant General.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">49</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XIII_LUBRICATION">Section XIII LUBRICATION</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_49">49. LUBRICATION.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_49a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Gun group</span>. War Department Lubrication Order No. 4001
+(<a href="#Fig_31">Fig 31</a>) shows the parts which require lubrication, the lubricants,
+and the intervals.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Lubricants</span>. Grease, general purpose, No. 1 is used,
+except for temperatures below freezing, when grease, general
+purpose. No. 0 is used. The bearing surfaces should be lightly
+coated with the grease.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Frequency of lubrication</span>. The surfaces of the ignition-head
+body which touch the spring case should be lubricated after
+each use of the weapon. Other parts are lubricated after six
+firing missions, six training sessions, or oftener. All should
+be thoroughly cleaned (Pars <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>, and <a href="#PARA_56">56</a>) with gasoline,
+dry cleaning solvent, or other solvent, then dried before lubrication.
+If the gun is disassembled for any other reason, it should
+be lubricated before reassembly.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Records</span>. To ascertain when six missions have been fired, a record
+of firing (<a href="#PARA_2">Par 2</a>) should be kept with each flame thrower.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_49b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Tank group</span>. The tank group ordinarily requires no lubrication.
+However, it may under the following exceptional circumstances:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) If the tank group has been immersed in water for several hours,
+the flexible shaft of the pressure valve may have lost its lubricant.
+If so, remove the shaft (<a href="#PARA_66b">Par 66 <span class="u">b</span></a>) and inspect. If lubricant is not
+present, as indicated by difficulty of movement after removal, dip
+the shaft in solvent to clean and then dip in warmed grease, general
+purpose, No. 1. Replace shaft in valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) If filling or safety-head plugs (Figs <a href="#PARA_39">39</a> and <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>) tend to stick
+to fuel tanks, apply grease, general purpose, No. 1 (No. 0 if below
+freezing temperatures) before replacing plugs.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XIV_PREVENTIVE">Section XIV PREVENTIVE
+MAINTENANCE SERVICES</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_50">50. GENERAL</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Preventive maintenance services, as prescribed by Army Regulations,
+are a function of using organization echelons of maintenance.
+These services consist of:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">50</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_50a"><span class="u">a</span>. Before, during, and after operation services performed by
+the firers and assistants.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_50b"><span class="u">b</span>. Scheduled services performed by organizational maintenance
+personnel (service when filling and charging, and service
+after six firing missions).</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_51">51. BEFORE-OPERATION SERVICE OF TANK GROUP.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The following services are to be performed before filling,
+charging, and loading the flame thrower with pressure, fuel, and
+ignition cylinder:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>. Open and close pressure-tank valve
+to test for ease of operation.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Threaded connections</span>. Check all threaded connections for
+tightness, using appropriate wrenches.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Tank coupling</span>. Examine coupling for cleanliness and ease
+of movement of lock and cams. (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>) Clean if necessary.
+If washer is broken, replace, using screw driver to pry out.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Plugs</span>. Check filling plug and safety-head plug for completeness
+of parts (<a href="#PARA_69a">Par 69 <span class="u">a</span></a>) and cleanliness of threads and seats. Clean, if
+necessary, with cloth. If rod or rod and chain have broken off and
+fallen in tank, turn tank upside down and remove. Remove deflector
+tube from head (using hand, not wrench). Inspect to see if diaphragm
+is intact. If diaphragm is ruptured, replace the safety head with an
+unbroken head. (<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 b, c</a>) Reassemble plug, head, and deflector tube
+in left fuel tank. (<a href="#Fig_11">Fig 11</a>) Tube should face to rear and at a 45-degree
+angle to operator’s left shoulder. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>) Screw in deflector tube by
+hand; do not use wrench on deflector tube. Tighten lock nut with wrench.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Pressure-tank clamp</span>. The clamp should hold the pressure
+tank tightly in place. If tank is loose, a wooden splint or wedge
+under the clamp may be used as a temporary expedient.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Carrier-frame bolts</span>. Check tightness. Use wrench.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Carrier</span>. (<a href="#PARA_71">Par 71</a>) Examine all canvas, webbing, and cord
+for signs of mildew, rot, or wear. Replace defective parts. Move
+flame thrower to dryer storage if mildew occurs.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Cord (lashing)</span>. Check for tightness. If necessary, make
+tighter and use secure, slip-proof knots. When the tank group
+is filled with fuel and adjusted on the firer, its weight should be
+carried chiefly by the canvas and webbing, not by the metal frame.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Shoulder and body straps</span>. Adjust straps to fit firer. (Pars
+<a href="#PARA_19">19</a> and <a href="#PARA_71">71</a>) A loose tank group can cause discomfort or injury
+when the wearer changes positions while on a mission. Check
+presence and condition of the two pins and two cotter pins which
+hold shoulder straps to steel support. Check fasteners.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_52">52. BEFORE-OPERATION SERVICE OF GUN GROUP.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The following services are to be performed before filling, charging,
+and loading with pressure, fuel, and ignition cylinder:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">51</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Hose nipple, tank end</span>. Examine to be sure nipple is clean
+and not badly nicked. If badly nicked, the nipple may not make
+a tight seal at the tank coupling. A leak and loss of pressure
+may result. See Paragraph <a href="#PARA_73d">73 <span class="u">d</span></a> for repair of the nipple.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Fuel hose</span>. Examine surface of hose for cracks or other signs of
+deterioration. Special attention should be paid to portions adjacent to
+the gun and tank coupling, which are subjected to severe flexing. If
+hose is defective, replace. (<a href="#PARA_73b">Par 73 <span class="u">b</span>, <span class="u">c</span></a>) Do not patch.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Hose nipple, gun end</span>. Check tightness of threaded connection
+between hose and fuel-valve body, using hand or very light wrench
+pressure.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Shield</span>. Remove ignition shield. Check cleanliness of
+threads on shield and on ignition-head body. If not clean, use
+cloth. When reassembling (<a href="#PARA_18c">Par 18 <span class="u">c</span></a>), shield should turn freely
+until it locks in correct position.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52e"><span class="u">e. Valve lever and needle.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) There should be some play in
+the valve lever. To test, remove ignition shield. Compress grip
+safety and valve lever slowly, observing the motion of the valve
+needle. The valve lever should move approximately 1/16 inch
+before the needle begins to move.</p>
+
+<p class="p2" id="PARA_52e2">(2) Valve needle should be seated firmly in the barrel nozzle.
+After the valve lever is pulled back and released, no play should
+occur in the needle. For adjustment of needle, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_75d">75 <span class="u">d</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Screws</span>. Use screw driver to test tightness of all screws.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Spring retainer and plug</span>. Check tightness of spring retainer
+and plug (<a href="#Fig_47">Fig 47</a>) by using hand or very light wrench pressure.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Ignition head</span>. All exposed surfaces of the shield, nozzle,
+needle, and other parts of the ignition head, or adjacent to it, should
+be clean. If not, use cloth.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Atomizer hole</span>. With the fuel valve held fully open, insert
+a fine wire in the atomizer hole of the nozzle to clean the hole.
+Then use cloth-wrapped splint to remove from the inside of the
+nozzle any foreign matter pushed through the atomizer hole. If
+such matter is not removed, it may interfere with the closing of
+the fuel valve needle at the nozzle. Repeat procedure in <a href="#PARA_52e2"><span class="u">e</span> (2)</a>
+above.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u">Spring case</span>. Spring case should turn freely on ignition head.
+If it does not, clean any grease or dirt from, surfaces with cloth
+and relubricate. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52k"><span class="u">k</span>. <span class="u">Trigger</span>. Pull trigger once or twice to find whether it operates
+easily and whether it returns to position. If not, clean and
+lubricate trigger. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>) Check condition of trigger spring.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52l"><span class="u">l</span>. <span class="u">Trigger rod</span>. Check position of the trigger rod when trigger
+is pulled back all the way as when firing. The rod should
+extend approximately 1/16 inch beyond the end of the lug in the
+ignition head. If it does not, bend the rod slightly, reverse position
+of bearing, or replace worn parts.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">52</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_53">53. SERVICE WHEN FILLING AND CHARGING.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_53a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Inspection of fuel tanks</span>. Just before filling and charging,
+remove plugs (<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 <span class="u">b</span></a>) and examine interior of fuel tanks to see
+whether they are clean and free from foreign matter. If not clean,
+flush with gasoline until clean.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_53b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Fuel level</span>. When filling (Pars <a href="#PARA_37">37</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>), see that fuel
+reaches the same level in both tanks. If leveling does not occur,
+the tank connector may be clogged with foreign matter. If so, clean,
+as in <span class="u">a</span>, above. After filling, wipe plug seats with a cloth before
+replacing plugs. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_53c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>. Before charging the tank group with
+air or nitrogen, open and close the pressure-tank valve several
+times by hand to be sure it operates freely. If it does not, adjust
+as described in Paragraph <a href="#PARA_66d">66 <span class="u">d</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_32">
+<img src="images/i_p052.jpg" width="600" height="435" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 32. Testing pressure tank and valve, using 0-3,000-pound
+testing gage from service kit.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_53d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Testing for leaks in pressure system</span>. After charging, and
+as few hours as possible before a mission, use an 0-3,000-pound
+gage furnished in service kit to test pressure. (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig 32</a>) To install
+gage, unscrew check-valve cap and screw gage in check-valve
+body. If pressure has fallen below that to which the tank was
+charged (<a href="#PARA_32">Par 32</a>), a leak is indicated. Remove gage, replace
+check-valve cap, and check for leaks at joints between pressure
+tank and valve and between tank valve and check valve. (A wrench
+should be used to tighten cap on check-valve body so as to avoid
+producing an additional leak.) Large leaks can be felt or heard.
+Small leaks can be detected by coating joints with soap-and-water
+solution. Bubbles indicate leaks. If a leak is revealed between<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">53</a></span>
+pressure tank and pressure-tank valve, or between check valve
+and pressure-tank valve, replace all three as a unit. If tests do
+not show up the leak the tank may have been improperly charged.
+It should be recharged and then retested.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_54">54. SERVICE WHEN FIRING.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_54a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Failure to ignite</span>. Pull trigger repeatedly. If ignition cylinder
+still fails to ignite, dirt may be wedged in ignition head.
+Unscrew shield one-half turn. Screw it back, rapping shield with
+the hand while turning. This should dislodge foreign matter.
+Pull trigger again. Repeat procedure, if necessary.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_54b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Safety head “blows” (breaks)</span>. If safety head breaks, firing
+mission cannot be carried out. On return, have head replaced.
+(<a href="#PARA_69">Par 69</a>) Follow test procedure. (<a href="#PARA_56b">Par 56 <span class="u">b</span></a>)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_55">55. SERVICE AFTER FIRING.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_55a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Unloading</span>. Remove ignition cylinder (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>), close pressure-tank
+valve, and blow out remaining fuel and pressure. (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of equipment</span>. Release the body straps, then the
+shoulder straps. If prone, lie on side and allow tank group to
+roll off onto ground. If standing or kneeling, take care that tank
+group does not drop on feet or legs.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Correcting or reporting</span>. Correct any failures or difficulties
+or report them as soon as possible to service or maintenance
+personnel.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Gun</span>. Remove shield (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>) and clean interior of shield
+with cloth. Clean holes in shield with wire or wooden splint.
+Clean external surfaces of barrel, nozzle, needle, and other parts.
+Check cleanliness and adjustment of needle. (<a href="#PARA_75d">Par 75 <span class="u">d</span></a>) Check
+trigger for operation. Lubricate. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Fuel tanks and passages</span>. Remove plugs (<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 <span class="u">b</span></a>). Drain
+any remaining fuel. Use gasoline to remove residues of thickened
+fuels before they have a chance to harden and obstruct passages.
+If necessary, fill tanks with gasoline and allow to stand
+for several hours, shaking occasionally. Drain and repeat if
+necessary.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Safety head</span>. Check head to see if it is ruptured; if it is, replace.
+(<a href="#PARA_69">Par 69</a>) Follow test procedure. (<a href="#PARA_56b">Par 56 <span class="u">b</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>. If weapon is to be stored, open
+pressure-tank valve and leave it open until next charging.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Carrier</span>. Scrub, if necessary, with soap and water, or
+gasoline.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Exterior metal surfaces</span>. Scrub exterior metal surfaces
+clean of fuel to prevent fire hazard. Allow to dry before using
+again.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u">General inspection</span>. Carefully examine all other parts,
+adjust as necessary, and replace any which are damaged.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">54</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_56">56. SERVICE AFTER SIX FIRING MISSIONS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">After the flame thrower has been used on six firing missions
+or the equivalent in training work, experienced personnel should
+follow these directions:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_56a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Before-operation and after-operation service</span>. Follow the
+same procedures as in Paragraphs 52, 53, and 55.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_56b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Test firing (or simulated firing).</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) If tactical conditions
+permit test firing at a suitable test range (<a href="#PARA_15">Par 15</a>), fill the fuel
+tanks with fuel. (Pars <a href="#PARA_37">37</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) If test firing with fuel is impracticable, fill fuel tanks with
+clean water. (Be sure to dry all parts after test.)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Remove filling-plug assembly</span>. (<a href="#PARA_69">Par 69</a>) Fish out the retainer
+rod and chain by means of a bent wire.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Do not unscrew the safety-head plug.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Insert the testing plug with 0-to 500-pound pressure gage
+(plug and gage are from service kit) in the filling-plug opening.
+Tighten testing plug in seat with wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) Fully charge pressure tank. (<a href="#PARA_32">Par 32</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) If test firing with fuel, load ignition cylinder. (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(8) Open pressure-tank valve and simultaneously observe
+pressure in fuel tanks by reading gage. The gage indicates the
+pressure in both tanks. It should be between 350 and 390 pounds
+per square inch.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(9) Read the gage at the expiration of not less than 5 minutes.
+The tanks should have a pressure reading of not more than 390
+pounds. If the pressure continues to increase beyond 390 pounds
+and the safety head blows, replace the safety head and the pressure
+regulator.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(10) Fire by operating controls (or simulate firing if tanks are
+filled with water). The burst should last 3 seconds, during which
+time the pressure should not drop below 260 pounds.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(11) If the pressure does not conform to the requirements
+stated in (8), (9), and (10), adjust the pressure regulator upward
+or downward. (<a href="#PARA_67d">Par 67 <span class="u">d</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(12) While the above test firing is proceeding, check for leaks
+at all joints and connections on the tank group. The pressure
+system should be checked by painting the joints with soap-and-water
+solution and by looking for bubbles which indicate leaks.
+For replacement of parts where pressure leaks, see Paragraph
+66. Fuel leaks may be seen without soap and water. For repair
+of fuel leaks, see Paragraph 75 <span class="u">e</span>. The nozzle should be
+observed by removing the ignition shield. Nozzle leaks are corrected
+by cleaning, adjusting needle (<a href="#PARA_75d">Par 75 <span class="u">d</span></a>), or by regrinding.
+(<a href="#PARA_75e">Par 75 <span class="u">e</span></a>) If this is not successful, replace both needle and barrel
+as a unit.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_56c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Fuel valve</span>. Discharge all pressure from the gun by operating
+the fuel valve. Carefully remove the valve grip and grip
+support. (<a href="#PARA_74">Par 74</a>) Look for signs of leakage at the valve diaphragm.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">55</a></span>
+If a leak is present, replace valve-diaphragm assembly.
+(Pars <a href="#PARA_75b">75 <span class="u">b</span></a> and <a href="#PARA_75c">75 <span class="u">c</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_56d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Valve grip</span>. Disassemble the valve grip (<a href="#PARA_74">Par 74</a>) and lubricate.
+(<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_56e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Carrier</span>. Tighten the carrier cord.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_56f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Gun interior</span>. If thickened fuel has been fired, disassemble
+the gun. All parts should be cleaned of accumulations of
+dried fuel. Lubricate (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>) and reassemble. If liquid fuel
+has been fired, flush gun with clean gasoline. Disassemble only
+enough to lubricate. Reassemble.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XV">Section XV<br />
+<br />
+TROUBLE SHOOTING</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_57">57. PRECAUTIONS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">First, remove the ignition cylinder. Then, before disassembling,
+servicing, or repairing parts which may be under pressure, be
+sure to release the pressure. Remove fuel, when necessary.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_58">58. FUEL LEAKS.</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="fuel leaks">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span>.&nbsp;Defective&nbsp;or damaged valve-diaphragm
+assembly.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">If leak is observed in valve grip,
+disassemble. (<a href="#PARA_74">Par 74</a>) If diaphragm is torn, or damaged in any other
+way, remove and replace. (<a href="#PARA_75">Par 75</a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span>. Defective threaded connections on fuel lines.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Disconnect, using wrenches. If
+thread is stripped or badly damaged, replace the threaded part. If
+threads appear to be sound, clean them and reconnect. If leak is
+between tank coupling and tank connector or between hose and fuel-valve
+body, apply anti-seize compound before rescrewing. Tighten joint with
+wrenches.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span>. Dirt or foreign matter on seats or threads.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Clean parts carefully with cloth
+before reassembling.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58d"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">d</span>. Leak at nozzle.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Adjust needle. (<a href="#PARA_75d">Par 75 <span class="u">d</span></a>)
+If leak persists, either replace needle and barrel as a unit or
+use lapping compound on parts. Turn needle in seat until parts
+make a tight connection when seated. Remove lapping compound and
+reassemble.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58e"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">e</span>. Worn body of hose.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">56</a></span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Replace fuel-hose assembly. (<a href="#PARA_73">Par 73</a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58f"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">f</span>. Leak at tank coupling.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Remove and replace coupling washer if
+damaged. (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>) If hose nipple, tank end, is damaged, repair nipple
+(<a href="#PARA_73d">Par 73 <span class="u">d</span></a>) or replace fuel-hose assembly.</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_59">59. SAFETY HEAD “BLOWS” (BREAKS).</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="safety head blows">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_59a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span>. Defective safety head.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Replace with new safety head.
+(<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 <span class="u">b</span></a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_59b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span>. Defective pressure regulator.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">If replacement safety head also
+breaks, follow test procedure in
+Paragraph 56 <span class="u">b</span> to determine
+whether pressure regulator
+needs adjustment or is defective.</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_60">60. CARRIER UNCOMFORTABLE.</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="carrier uncomfortable">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_60a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span>. Cord becomes loose or breaks.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent"> Use only hard-braided seine
+cord furnished in service kit for replacements. Lace tightly as shown
+in <a href="#Fig_46">Figure 46</a>, using slip-proof knots at ends.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_60b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span>. Straps not adjusted to fit wearer.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Adjust straps to fit each new
+wearer. Tank group must be high on back and snug on body. (Pars <a href="#PARA_19">19</a> and
+<a href="#PARA_71">71</a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_60c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span>. Carrier frame presses on wearer’s back.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Cord is too loose. Tighten
+cord. Use slip-proof knots at ends.</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_61">61. SHORT RANGE.</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="short range">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_61a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span></span>. Stream of burning fuel issues at an angle or in a very broad spray.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent"> Fuel valve is not fully open because of:</p>
+<p class="indent">(1) Faulty operation. Be sure to compress controls
+all the way when firing. (<a href="#PARA_26">Par 26</a>)</p>
+<p class="indent">(2) Improper adjustment or assembly of valve. To
+correct, see Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_74">74</a> and <a href="#PARA_75">75</a>.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_61b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span></span>. Rapid drop of range during a burst.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Pressure-tank valve is not
+fully open. Open all the way. If this is not effective, test pressure
+regulator. (<a href="#PARA_67d">Par 67 <span class="u">d</span></a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_61c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span></span>. Shorter range in each successive burst.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Pressure tank is not fully charged.</p>
+<p class="indent">(1) Before firing be sure tank is
+charged to at least 1,700 pounds<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">57</a></span>
+per square inch. (<a href="#PARA_32">Par 32</a>)</p>
+<p class="indent">(2) Check for leaks to make sure
+pressure has not decreased
+since charging. (<a href="#PARA_53d">Par 53 <span class="u">d</span></a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_61d"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">d</span></span>. Short range with longer time of discharge than 8 to 9 seconds.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Dried fuel or other foreign
+matter is in fuel lines. Disassemble and clean.</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_62">62. FUEL-VALVE FAILURE.</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="toc">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">Valve fails to close when controls are
+released.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">(1) Work the
+grip safety to trip the valve lever.</p>
+<p class="indent">(2) Foreign matter may be in barrel, or barrel may be
+dented. If dented, replace barrel and needle as a unit. If not dented,
+disassemble and clean. (Pars <a href="#PARA_74">74</a> and <a href="#PARA_75">75</a>)</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_63">63. FAILURE OF IGNITION CYLINDER TO IGNITE.</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="failure of ignition cylinder to ignite">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_63a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span></span>. Match in cylinder moves but incendiary charge does not ignite.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Pull trigger repeatedly. If
+cylinder does not ignite, remove cylinder (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>) and examine.</p>
+<p class="indent"> (1) If matches have been pushed flush with inner
+surface of cylinder body, the cylinder is defective. Destroy. (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>)
+Replace.</p>
+<p class="indent">(2) If matches project 1/16 inch or more from
+cylinder, ignition head is defective. Disassemble ignition head
+(<a href="#PARA_76b">Par 76 <span class="u">b</span></a>) and examine. Replace parts as necessary. (<a href="#PARA_76">Par 76</a>
+<span class="u">c</span>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_63b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span></span>. Cylinder does not rotate to bring new charge into position.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">(1) Spring case is not free to
+rotate because of dirt. Clean and lubricate. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+<p class="indent"> (2) Cylinder is improperly loaded. (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>)</p>
+<p class="indent"> (3) Ignition cylinder binds on barrel because of
+dirt or excessive warping of ignition cylinders from heat of firing.
+Remove and destroy (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>) ignition cylinder. Reload.</p>
+<p class="indent"> (4) Spring case is defective. Replace as a unit.
+(<a href="#PARA_76b">Par 76 <span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76c"><span class="u">c</span></a>)</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">58</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_63c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span></span>. Trigger does not return to normal position (with ignition cylinder in place).</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">1) When on a mission, use
+fingers on trigger to pull back to normal position.</p>
+<p class="indent"> (2) If time permits, remove trigger rod. (<a href="#PARA_76b">Par 76 <span class="u">b</span></a>) Clean rod and hole in which rod slides.
+Lubricate. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)
+Reassemble. (<a href="#PARA_76c">Par 76 <span class="u">c</span></a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_63d"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">d</span></span>. Lack of spring tension at trigger.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Trigger spring is off hook of
+trigger, off spring screw, or broken. Replace where necessary.</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_64">64. FAILURE OF FUEL TO IGNITE.</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="failure of fuel to ignite">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_64a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span></span>. Atomizer hole clogged.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Clean with fine wire. (<a href="#PARA_52i">Par 52 <span class="u">i</span></a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_64b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span></span>. Fuel troubles at low temperature.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">(1) At temperatures below minus
+20 degrees Fahrenheit, ignition of any standard fuel is uncertain.
+Operation at these temperatures should be avoided unless tests of fuels
+by firing with flame throwers are first made.</p>
+<p class="indent"> (2) At temperatures above minus 20 degrees
+Fahrenheit, no difficulty should be experienced with thickened
+gasoline. When blended fuels are used, the ratio of gasoline content
+should be increased as temperature decreases.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_64c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span></span>. Failure of ignition cylinder.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">See Paragraph <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>.</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XVI">Section XVI<br />
+<br />
+TANK GROUP</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_65">65. GENERAL.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The tank group stores fuel and pressure. The fuel is placed under
+pressure when the pressure-tank valve is opened. The tank
+group is supported upon the firer’s back and shoulders by the
+carrier.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">59</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_66">66. PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLY.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_66a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. The pressure tank and valve
+assembly (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>) includes:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Pressure tank</span>. The pressure tank is a lightweight, airplane-type
+cylinder, able to withstand the great pressure which
+it contains. The tank is charged with air or nitrogen at 1,700 to
+2,100 pounds per square inch pressure by use of auxiliary equipment
+as described in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_31">31</a> and <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>. This pressure stays
+in the pressure tank until the weapon is ready to be fired. Opening
+of the pressure-tank valve releases air or nitrogen through
+the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks. Oxygen or combustible
+gases are never used in the tank because a violent explosion may
+result. The tank is large in capacity to assure ample pressure,
+and hence full range, for the entire load of fuel. The pressure-tank
+clamp (<a href="#Fig_39">Fig 39</a>), a steel-strap device with hinge and toggle-type
+latch, holds the pressure tank in place on the fuel tanks.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a> and <a href="#Fig_34">34</a>) This valve is
+screwed into the bottom of the pressure tank. The valve stem
+slides into the valve end of the valve flexible shaft. When opened
+by means of the valve handle and valve flexible shaft, the valve
+permits passage of compressed air or nitrogen through tubes
+and the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks. The valve is of the
+quick-opening, packless, diaphragm type.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Pressure-valve handle and valve flexible shaft</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a>
+and <a href="#Fig_34">34</a>) The pressure-valve handle is held by a small nut on the
+end of the valve flexible shaft, which in turn is connected to the
+pressure-tank valve by means of the valve stem and a large hex
+nut. The handle and shaft extend to the right of the tank group,
+enabling the firer to open and close the valve without assistance
+when carrying the weapon. The handle slips over the end of the
+shaft and is held to it by a nut. The shaft is held to one of the
+fuel tanks by a clamp, nut, and bolt welded to the tank.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Check valve</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a> through <a href="#Fig_35">35</a>) The check valve has
+the same function as the valve on a vehicular tire tube, but it is
+much heavier in construction and different in design because the
+pressure in the flame thrower is 50 times greater than that in an
+automobile tire tube. Connected by threads to the pressure valve,
+the check valve permits compressed air or nitrogen to enter the
+pressure tank during charging (Pars <a href="#PARA_31">31</a> and <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>) but prevents
+its escape when the outside source of pressure is removed. The
+cap is removed from the check valve only for charging or testing.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_66b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal</span>. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>) To prevent damage to threads, leaks,
+and loss of pressure and range, remove pressure tank and valve
+assembly only when necessary.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">60</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_33">
+<img src="images/i_p060.jpg" width="600" height="309" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 33. Pressure system disassembled, showing
+nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for
+requisitioning spare parts.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Release of pressure</span>. Be sure all pressure has been released
+from the pressure system before disassembling or removing
+any part or assembly of the pressure system. To release
+pressure, operate fuel valve (<a href="#PARA_26">Par 26</a>) and hold open until<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">61</a></span>
+pressure is exhausted. As an added precaution, personnel should
+avoid facing the connections when disconnecting parts or assemblies.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Removal procedure</span>. After release of all pressure:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Loosen the clamp from the valve flexible shaft.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Using wrench, unscrew the large hex nut which holds
+the flexible shaft on the pressure-tank valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Pull the valve flexible shaft and handle free of the valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Using wrench, unscrew the flared tube nut on the regulator
+tube adjacent to the pressure-tank valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Open pressure-tank clamp (<a href="#Fig_39">Fig 39</a>) and swing clamp
+strap outward.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) Remove the pressure tank together with the pressure-tank
+valve and check valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">g</span>) To remove valve handle, use the adjustable-end wrench
+to loosen and remove nut from threaded outer end of valve flexible
+shaft. Slide out the valve handle.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_34">
+<img src="images/i_p061.jpg" width="600" height="526" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 34. Lower portion of pressure system, assembled.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">62</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35">
+<img src="images/i_p062.jpg" width="600" height="345" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 35. Check valve (cross section).</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_66c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a> and <a href="#Fig_39">39</a>) To install:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Insert pressure tank (with pressure-tank valve and check
+valve mounted on the tank) through the pressure-tank clamp. Be
+sure to aline the regulator tube, elbow, and pressure-tank valve
+threads carefully so that they cannot be damaged when connecting.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Close the pressure-tank clamp.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Start the threaded connections by hand to be sure they are
+well alined. Do not force. Use wrench for final tightening, but do
+not apply great torque to the wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Insert the valve flexible shaft through small clamp into
+the pressure-tank valve. Using wrench, tighten the large hex
+nut located between shaft and valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Tighten the clamp on the valve flexible shaft.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) Place pressure-valve handle on threaded end of the shaft.
+Place nut on threaded end and tighten with adjustable-end wrench.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_66d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Adjustment</span>. If valve handle cannot be turned by hand:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Remove flexible shaft and handle. Never apply a wrench
+to these parts.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Turn end of pressure-valve stem with wrench to open
+valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) If stem will not turn, replace the tank and valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) If stem turns, work it back and forth with wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Reconnect flexible shaft and handle.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) If handle does not turn easily, repeat the process until
+handle turns, or replace tank and valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) Close valve before charging tank.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_66e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) If either pressure tank, pressure-tank valve, or check
+valve are damaged or defective, all three must be replaced as a
+unit. No attempt may be made to repair any of these parts or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">63</a></span>
+their connections. If makeshift repairs or improvised parts are
+devised, serious accidents can result because of the extremely
+high pressures to which the equipment is subjected.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Keep all threaded connections tightened. If a leak is suspected
+at any threaded connection, follow procedure in Paragraph
+<a href="#PARA_53d">53 <span class="u">d</span></a>.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_67">67. PRESSURE REGULATOR.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_67a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. The regulator automatically
+reduces the variable pressure of air or nitrogen in the pressure
+tank to a constant operating pressure of approximately 350 pounds
+per square inch in the fuel tanks. The regulator is located at a
+protected position in the tank group of the M2-2 portable flame
+thrower, where it is not readily subject to tampering or damage
+from the outside. The regulator tube with fittings connects the
+pressure-tank valve and pressure regulator. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>) Its outlet
+is connected to the fuel tanks by the diffusion-pipe assembly.
+(<a href="#PARA_68a">Par 68 <span class="u">a</span></a>) Either of two interchangeable types of regulators
+is furnished: the spring type (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a>, <a href="#Fig_36">36</a>, and <a href="#Fig_37">37</a>), and the
+dome type (<a href="#Fig_38">Fig 38</a>).</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_36">
+<img src="images/i_p063.jpg" width="300" height="550" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 36. Rear of tank group, with carrier removed to show
+pressure regulator (spring-type) and connections.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_67b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of pressure regulator</span>. After release of all pressure:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Remove carrier (<a href="#PARA_71b">Par 71 <span class="u">b</span></a>), if necessary.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Using wrench, unscrew the flared tube nuts and other fittings.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Lift out the pressure regulator.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_67c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of pressure regulator</span>. Line up pressure regulator,
+regulator tube, diffusion-pipe assembly, and fittings carefully so they
+will not be damaged when threads are tightened. Start threads with the
+hands. Apply only moderate wrench pressure to complete tightening.
+Replace carrier or carrier pack if either has been removed.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_67d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Adjustment of pressure regulator</span>. The pressure regulator
+ordinarily requires no attention other than checking and tightening
+connections with the regulator tube and the diffusion-pipe<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">64</a></span> assembly.
+If a defect in the regulator is indicated by falling off of the range
+of the weapon or by frequent breakage of the safety-head diaphragm (<a href="#PARA_56b">Par 56 <span class="u">b</span></a>),
+ the following procedure should be carried out. (When using
+wrenches, do not apply excessive force.)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Remove the filling plug (<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 <span class="u">b</span></a>) and ignition cylinder.
+(<a href="#PARA_30a">Par 30 <span class="u">a</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Fill the fuel tanks with 4 gallons of water (or fuel).</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Connect the 0-to 500-pound fuel-tank testing gage, found in the
+service kit, to the filling-plug hole. Tighten plug of gage with wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Charge the pressure tank to a pressure of 1,800 pounds per square
+inch. (Pars <a href="#PARA_32">32</a> and <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Open the pressure-tank valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) Read the pressure on the gage. If 350 to 390 pounds is indicated,
+omit steps (7) through (10).</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) <span class="u">To increase the pressure of a spring-type regulator</span>:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Pry off the protective cap.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Turn a set-screw wrench clockwise in the adjusting screw and read
+pressure on gage.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(8) <span class="u">To decrease the pressure of a spring-type regulator</span>:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Turn the set-screw wrench counterclockwise more than is
+considered sufficient to effect the desired reduction.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Turn the pressure-tank valve off.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Relieve pressure in the fuel tanks by compressing the fuel valve
+until the pressure is below that desired.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Release the fuel valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Open the pressure-tank valve and allow the system to reach a
+state of equilibrium, which occurs when the hissing sound ceases.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) Repeat the steps described above in (6) and (7).</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(9) <span class="u">To increase the pressure of a dome-type regulator</span>:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Open needle valve No. 1 one full turn. (<a href="#Fig_38">Fig 38</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Open needle valve No. 2 one full turn. (There will be slight
+leakage around the needle-valve thread.)</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Open needle valve No. 3 very slowly, watching pressure gage
+closely. (As pressure builds up in fuel tanks there will be slight
+leakage through needle valve No. 1.)</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) When the pressure gage indicates 350 pounds, close needle valve
+No. 3 tight.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Close needle valve No. 2 tight.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) Close pressure-tank valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">g</span>) When gage indicates zero, close needle valve No. 1 tight.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(10) <span class="u">To decrease the pressure of a dome-type regulator</span>:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Open needle valve No. 1 one full turn. (<a href="#Fig_38">Fig 38</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Open needle valve No. 3 very slightly, which will lower the
+pressure.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) When 350 pounds is reached, close valve No. 3 tight.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">65</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_37">
+<img src="images/i_p065_1.jpg" width="250" height="392" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 37. Pressure regulator, spring-type.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_38">
+<img src="images/i_p065_2.jpg" width="400" height="333" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 38. Pressure regulator, dome-type, showing needle
+valves and wrenches.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Close pressure-tank valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) When gage indicates zero, close needle valve No. 1 tight.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(11) Open pressure-tank valve and press the fuel valve to observe the
+pressure with the weapon operating.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(12) After final adjustment:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Close the pressure-tank valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Open the fuel valve and release the pressure from the fuel tanks.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Remove the pressure gage and plug from the fuel tank.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Install filling plug.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Tighten filling plug with wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) If regulator is spring-type, replace its protective cap.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_68">68. FUEL-TANK ASSEMBLY.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_68a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_4">4</a>, <a href="#Fig_5">5</a>, and <a href="#Fig_39">39</a>) The fuel-tank
+assembly includes:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Fuel tanks</span>. Two alloy steel fuel tanks hold the fuel before it
+is propelled to the target. They have a combined capacity, including
+void, of 4-1/2 gallons. A void of approximately 1/2 gallon is left in
+tanks when filling to allow for expansion and to permit entry of the
+compressed nitrogen or air. To speed filling and cleaning of the tanks,
+two openings are provided on top of the fuel tanks. The openings are
+threaded to receive the filling-plug assembly and the safety-head plug
+assembly, which are interchangeable in the openings. Filling operations
+involve the use of auxiliary equipment and are described in Paragraphs
+<a href="#PARA_34">34</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>. The carrier and the pressure system are supported on the
+fuel tanks.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">66</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_39">
+<img src="images/i_p066.jpg" width="600" height="329" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 39. Fuel system of tank group and related parts
+disassembled, showing nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock
+numbers for requisitioning spare parts.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Tank connector</span>. This open passageway between the fuel tanks
+makes them, in effect, a single container. The location of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">67</a></span> tank
+connector and its large diameter permit easy flow of fuel and pressure
+between the two tanks.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Hose connector</span>. The hose connector is the outlet for fuel from
+the fuel tanks. It is located so that nearly all the fuel is propelled
+from the weapon if firing positions are correct. (<a href="#PARA_24">Par 24</a>) One end is
+welded to an opening in the tank connector. The other end is threaded
+into the tank coupling.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Frame clamp</span>. This small metal clamp, with bolt, nut, and washer,
+holds the hose connector to the carrier frame.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Diffusion-pipe assembly</span>. This T-shaped tubing carries compressed
+air or nitrogen from the pressure regulator to each of the fuel tanks.
+A flared tube connection and elbow connect the stem of the T to the
+pressure regulator. The horizontal tubes of the T extend into the fuel
+tanks and are welded to the fuel tank walls. Within the fuel tanks
+these tubes are perforated with holes which permit ready escape of the
+compressed nitrogen or air into the fuel tanks when the pressure-tank
+valve is open.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_68b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal and installation</span>. The tank connector, hose connector,
+diffusion-pipe assembly, and the two fuel tanks are welded together and
+cannot be disassembled from each other. No attempt should be made to
+remove any of these parts or assemblies.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_68c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance</span>. Other than cleaning (Pars <a href="#PARA_51d">51 <span class="u">d</span></a> and <a href="#PARA_55e">55 <span class="u">e</span></a>),
+repainting, and tightening of threaded joints, no repairs will be
+attempted by the first or second echelon on the fuel tanks, tank and
+hose connectors, or diffusion-pipe assembly. Emergency repairs may be
+made only by the third or fourth echelon. No attempt should be made to
+weld or patch any part of the fuel tanks.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_69">69. FILLING AND SAFETY-HEAD PLUG ASSEMBLIES.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_69a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Filling-plug assembly</span>. (<a href="#Fig_39">Fig 39</a>) This assembly fits into the
+1-3/8-inch threaded opening at the top of either one of the fuel tanks.
+It permits filling and cleaning of the tanks, and seals the opening
+when the tank is not being filled or cleaned. The assembly includes
+the filling plug proper and a plug-retainer assembly. The latter is a
+metal rod which hangs from the plug on a metal chain. The rod and chain
+prevent accidental loss of the plug.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Safety-head plug assembly</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_39">39</a> and <a href="#Fig_40">40</a>) This assembly is
+screwed into the threaded opening on top of either fuel tank. It serves
+the same functions as the filling-plug assembly and moreover protects
+the firer and other personnel. It includes:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) <span class="u">Safety-head plug</span>. This plug is similar to the filling plug
+except for the threaded hole which receives the safety head.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) <span class="u">Safety head</span>. This metal head screws into the safety-head plug.
+It includes a soft metal diaphragm which bursts when the pressure in
+the fuel tanks exceeds 500 pounds per square inch.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">68</a></span> It prevents the
+building up of dangerous pressures in the fuel tanks.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_40">
+<img src="images/i_p068_1.jpg" width="264" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 40. Safety-head plug assembly (cross section).</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_41">
+<img src="images/i_p068_2.jpg" width="385" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 41. Unscrewing safety head from safety-head plug,
+using wrench.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) <span class="u">Deflector tube</span>. This short, curved piece of 1/8-inch pipe
+deflects fuel and pressure away from the firer if the safety head
+bursts. A lock nut holds the tube in position. (<a href="#PARA_12j">Par 12 <span class="u">j</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) <span class="u">Plug-retainer assembly</span>. This assembly consists of a metal rod
+and chain which hang from the plug and prevent accidental loss of the
+plug when filling or inspecting.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_69b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of plugs.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Before removing the filling plug, the safety-head plug, or an
+unbroken safety head, operate the fuel valve until any pressure which
+may have accumulated in the fuel tanks is eliminated. If the coupling
+plug is in the tank coupling, very slightly loosen the threads of
+either the filling plug or the safety-head plug, using the 1-3/4-inch
+wrench, to eliminate pressure in the fuel tanks. Keep face and eyes
+away from the threads.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) The plug-retainer assemblies should not be lifted completely out of
+the tanks unless required.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">69</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) If either the rod or the rod and chain breaks from one of the plugs
+and falls into the tank, upend the tank group to permit removal of the
+parts.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) To replace burst safety head, unscrew lock nut and deflector tube.
+(<a href="#Fig_11">Fig 11</a>) Using wrench (<a href="#Fig_41">Fig 41</a>), unscrew safety head. Never disassemble
+the safety head.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_69c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of plugs</span>. The filling plug, safety-head plug, and
+safety head are screwed in by hand and then tightened with wrenches. No
+substitution will be made for the safety head, which is manufactured
+to burst at the safe limit of pressure. The plug threads and seats
+should be cleaned with a cloth (<a href="#Fig_29">Fig 29</a>) before installing plugs. Screw
+in deflector tube, using hand pressure. The tube outlet should face to
+the rear and at a 45-degree angle to operator’s left shoulder. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>)
+Replace lock nut and tighten with wrench. (Use wrench on lock nut, not
+on deflector tube.)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_69d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of plugs</span>. Replace safety head if damaged or blown.
+Never repair safety head or use an improvised head.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_70">70. TANK COUPLING.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_70a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. This quick-connecting
+coupling (<a href="#Fig_42">Fig 42</a>) connects and locks the fuel hose or the coupling plug to the tank
+group. The coupling cams, lock, and washer provide a secure and tight
+joint. The tank coupling makes possible rapid replacement of emptied
+tank groups with filled and charged tank groups in the field. No tools
+are needed for this operation.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_42">
+<img src="images/i_p069.jpg" width="600" height="300" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 42. Tank coupling and end of fuel-hose assembly.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_70b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) To remove the tank coupling from the hose connector, apply a wrench
+and unscrew.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">70</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_43">
+<img src="images/i_p070_1.jpg" width="600" height="397" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 43. Closing cams of tank coupling to connect gun and
+tank group. This is done before locking. (See below.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_44">
+<img src="images/i_p070_2.jpg" width="600" height="331" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 44. Closing lock of tank coupling to secure gun to
+tank group. This also provides a fuel-tight seal.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) To disconnect the tank coupling from the fuel hose or the coupling
+plug:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Release pressure from fuel tanks by operating the fuel<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">71</a></span> valve or
+by opening very slightly the filling plug.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Using hands, pivot the coupling lock back on the coupling body.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Using hands, pivot the two coupling cams back on the coupling.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Slide out the fuel hose or the tank coupling.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) If coupling washer is to be removed, pry out with a screw driver.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_70c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of tank coupling</span>. Proceed as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) If coupling washer has been removed, replace.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Insert coupling plug or hose nipple, tank end, in the coupling as
+far as it will reach. Close the two cams. (<a href="#Fig_43">Fig 43</a>)</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_45">
+<img src="images/i_p071.jpg" width="300" height="258" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 45. Coupling plug in place in tank coupling. This
+arrangement is used when fuel tanks are brought back for filling with
+gun detached.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Close the coupling lock (<a href="#Fig_44">Fig 44</a>), being sure to push it all the
+way, until it covers the ends of both cams. (<a href="#Fig_45">Figure 45</a> shows coupling
+lock correctly locked on coupling plug.)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) If the tank coupling has been removed from the hose connector,
+screw it on hand tight. Anti-seize compound should be applied lightly
+to the threads to assure a tight joint. Use wrench to tighten the
+coupling until it is in the position shown in <a href="#Fig_34">Figure 34</a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_70d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of tank coupling</span>. The coupling washer, made of
+synthetic rubber, should be inspected frequently. If it is damaged or
+swollen, remove it and replace. If the coupling leaks, inspect, and if
+necessary, remove and replace the washer.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_71">71. CARRIER.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_71a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_46">Fig 46</a>) The tank group is securely
+carried on the firer’s back and chest by the carrier, which includes
+the metal carrier frame, the canvas carrier pack, webbing straps, and
+cord, all of which are parts of the tank group.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Carrier frame</span>. This lightweight, tubular-metal frame is bolted to
+two pairs of brackets (upper and lower) on the fuel tanks. It is also
+bolted to the hose connector by the frame clamp, which helps support
+the connector. The frame is pierced by two parallel series of holes,
+through which the cord (lashing) of the carrier is laced.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Carrier pack</span>. This is a sheet of heavy canvas, reinforced on the
+tank side with strips of webbing. The smooth side of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">72</a></span> carrier pack
+rests against the firer’s back and cushions the back from contact with
+the metal tanks. A series of eyelets is located on each side of the
+pack.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Seine cord (lashing)</span>. The carrier pack is fastened to the carrier
+frame by means of hard-braided cord which is laced through the eyelets
+in the pack and the holes in the frame. The cord that comes on the
+flame thrower stretches very little under load.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Straps</span>. The straps, made of wide cotton webbing, are
+adjustable to fit the wearer. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>) They are provided with snap
+release, hook-and-eye, and snap fasteners. The shoulder straps have
+quick-release fasteners for rapid removal, if necessary, of the tank
+group from the firer. The upper ends (steel loops) of the shoulder
+straps are secured by pins to the steel support which connects the two
+fuel tanks. Each of the pins is held in position by a split cotter pin,
+which is inserted through a hole in the pin and is then spread. The
+lower ends of the shoulder straps snap onto metal loops at the bottom
+of the carrier frame. The upper body straps are attached to metal loops
+on each side of the carrier frame. The lower body straps are fastened
+to one of the lower two pairs of eyelets of the carrier pack.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_71b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of carrier.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) To remove carrier or carrier frame, use screw driver and
+adjustable-end wrench to take off frame clamp, bolt, nut, and lock
+washer. (<a href="#Fig_34">Fig 34)</a> Then remove two pairs of bolts, nuts, and lock washers
+which hold the carrier frame to bottom and top of the fuel tanks. Lift
+off the carrier.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) To remove body straps, unsnap ends and lift out of holes. To remove
+shoulder straps, unsnap lower ends and remove from holes. Pull out
+cotter pins, then pins, from upper ends of shoulder straps, and lift
+out straps.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) To remove carrier pack, unknot and unlace cord.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_71c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of carrier.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) To install carrier frame (or a complete carrier) place frame in
+position adjacent to fuel tanks (<a href="#Fig_46">Fig 46</a>), insert bolts in holes, place
+lock washers and nuts on bolts, and tighten with screw driver and
+wrench. Replace frame clamp on fuel connector and frame. Insert bolt in
+holes, place lock washer and nut on bolt. Tighten with screw driver and
+wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) If carrier pack has been removed, use cord to relash. Lace tight
+and use slip-proof knots. (<a href="#Fig_46">Fig 46</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) To install straps, snap ends of body straps and lower ends of
+shoulder straps into positions shown in <a href="#Fig_46">Figure 46</a>. Place upper ends
+(steel loops) of shoulder straps in steel support between fuel tanks.
+Insert two pins through any two of the holes in the support and through
+the shoulder strap loops. Insert cotter pins in holes in pins and
+spread cotter pins to lock pins in place.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_71d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Adjustment of carrier</span>. Carrier must be carefully adjusted to fit
+the individual firer so the load will not shift during sudden,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">73</a></span> rapid
+changes of firer’s position. Adjustments are as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Cord and carrier pack</span>. Cord must be tight at all times. The cord
+furnished with the equipment has very little tendency to stretch.
+However, pull cord tight when lacing and use slip-proof knots at ends.
+Tighten cord periodically.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_46">
+<img src="images/i_p073.jpg" width="469" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 46. Carrier assembled on tank group.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Straps</span>. Adjust straps to fit each firer, moving slides on straps
+as necessary. Straps must fit snugly to prevent shifting of load and to
+keep tank group high on firer’s back. Lower body straps may be fastened
+in second pair from the bottom of carrier<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">74</a></span> eyelets to conform to
+firer’s physique. Pins, which hold top ends of shoulder straps to steel
+support between the fuel tanks, may be moved to any two of the three
+holes so as to provide the best balance in the load.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_71e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of carrier</span>. Keep carrier dry and clean. If flame
+thrower becomes wet or muddy, clean and dry carrier thoroughly. Store
+in a dry place. If rotted, mildewed, or damaged, replace affected
+parts. If cord frays or breaks, use special seine cord from service kit
+as replacement.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XVII_GUN_GROUP">Section XVII GUN GROUP</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_72">72. GENERAL</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The gun group consists of the fuel-hose assembly and the gun. The gun
+includes the fuel valve, which controls the ejection of fuel, and the
+ignition head, which ignites the fuel.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_73">73. FUEL-HOSE ASSEMBLY.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_73a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_47">Fig 47</a>) Hose, fuel, flame thrower,
+M1, assembly, provides a flexible connection between the fuel tanks and
+the gun.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Hose</span>. Made of synthetic rubber and reinforced with a cover of
+metal wire and cotton braid, the hose resists the action of gasoline
+and oil, and withstands a pressure of approximately 1,000 pounds per
+square inch. Its inside diameter is 7/8 inch; its outside diameter is
+approximately 1-1/4 inches.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Nipples</span>. The hose nipple, tank end, connects the hose to the tank
+coupling on the tank group. The hose nipple, gun end, is a threaded
+connector between the other end of the hose and the fuel-valve body.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_73b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of fuel-hose assembly</span>. Remove the hose from the gun only
+when necessary for maintenance. The threads in the fuel-valve body will
+be damaged by frequent screwing and unscrewing of the hose because the
+body is a lightweight aluminum casting. Fuel hose is replaced as a unit
+and is not disassembled in the second echelon. To disconnect from tank
+group, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_70b">70 <span class="u">b</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_73c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of fuel-hose assembly.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) To install in tank group, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_70c">70 <span class="u">c</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) To install in gun, apply anti-seize compound (from service kit)
+lightly to threads and screw hose in fuel-valve body by hand. Use
+wrench only enough to make a secure connection.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_73d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of fuel-hose assembly</span>. If the hose nipple, tank end,
+is badly nicked and does not provide a tight connection<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">75</a></span> with a new
+coupling washer (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>):</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) File the end surface, being careful to keep the surface at a right
+angle to the sides of the nipple.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Couple hose nipple, tank end, to tank coupling. If coupling closes
+very easily, indicating washer is not being compressed, replace the
+washer and recouple. If coupling still closes too freely, the nipple
+has been filed too short, and the fuel-hose assembly should be replaced
+as a unit.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_74">74. VALVE GRIP.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_74a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_47">Fig 47</a>) The valve grip is part of
+the fuel valve. It includes the controls and is held by the firer in
+his right hand to support the gun group. Parts of the valve grip are:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Left and right valve grips</span>. A pistol-type grip is formed by two
+aluminum housings designated as the left valve grip and the right valve
+grip. The two parts are held together by four screws and four lock
+washers.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Grip support</span>. This aluminum housing is mounted above the left and
+right valve grips and connected to them by two screws and lock washers.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Valve lever</span>. This control is made to fit the fingers and is
+mounted in front of and between the two parts of the valve grip. A
+pin at the top of the lever fits into holes in left and right valve
+grips and serves as a pivot, governing the movement of the lever. When
+the lever and the grip safety are compressed simultaneously by the
+operator, the valve is thereby opened and fuel is ejected from the gun.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Grip safety</span>. This control is grasped by the hand simultaneously
+with the valve lever. It is mounted back of and between left and right
+valve grips. A pin at the base of the safety fits into holes in the
+left and right valve grips and serves as a pivot in a manner similar to
+the pin on the valve lever. The fuel cannot be discharged unless both
+the valve lever and the grip safety are compressed simultaneously.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Rocker arm</span>. The rocker arm, a boat-shaped metal part, is mounted
+near its center on a pin. It is held in contact with the valve lever by
+means of a valve-grip spring and spring pin. At its top end, the rocker
+arm touches the yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm assembly. When the
+valve lever and the grip safety are compressed, the rocker arm pushes
+the valve diaphragm assembly forward.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) <span class="u">Valve-grip spring</span>. When the firer’s hand releases the valve grip,
+the valve-grip spring forces the valve lever, the grip safety, and the
+rocker arm back to their normal, nonoperating positions.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_74b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of valve grip.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Unscrew the four screws and lock washers that hold the grip support
+to the valve body. Remove the valve grip as a unit.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">76</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_47">
+<img src="images/i_p076.jpg" width="600" height="369" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 47. Fuel valve (disassembled) and fuel hose,
+showing nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for
+requisitioning spare parts.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">77</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_48">
+<img src="images/i_p077_1.jpg" width="312" height="400" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 48. Location of parts in right valve grip before
+covering them with left valve grip.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_49">
+<img src="images/i_p077_2.jpg" width="463" height="400" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 49. Using screw driver to push long end of
+valve-grip spring into groove in grip safety.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) To disassemble valve grip, remove screws and lock washers from the
+grip. Lift off the left valve grip, exposing contents of grip. Lift out
+the following parts: valve-grip spring, rocker arm, grip safety, and
+valve lever.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_74c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installing valve grip.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Place grip safety, valve lever, and rocker arm in position in right
+valve grip. (<a href="#Fig_49">Fig 48</a>) Be sure the shorter end of rocker arm is at the
+top. Place grip spring over spring pin. Slip short end of grip spring
+in groove of rocker arm. Place long end of grip spring on outside of
+grip safety.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Put left valve grip in place and insert the two lower lock washers
+and screws. Tighten the two screws enough to hold parts in place and
+still leave space for moving long end of spring into the groove in grip
+safety. Push spring into groove with a screw driver. (<a href="#Fig_49">Fig 49</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) With spring in place, fully tighten the two screws with screw
+driver.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Place grip support in position, and insert the two upper lock
+washers and screws. Tighten screws, using screw driver.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Attach valve grip to valve body, using the four lock washers and
+inserting the four screws through the grip support. Make sure that the
+yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm assembly is in front of rocker arm.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_74d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of valve grip</span>. No maintenance is required for the
+valve grip other than replacement of worn or damaged parts, tightening
+of screws, cleaning, and lubrication. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_75">75. BARREL AND VALVE-BODY ASSEMBLY.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_75a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_47">Fig 47</a>) This assembly is part of the
+fuel valve. It includes the barrel, valve body, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">78</a></span> operating parts
+contained in the barrel and valve body. The assembly consists of:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Valve body</span>, an aluminum housing, located at the rear of the
+gun and mounted on the grip support by means of four screws and lock
+washers. The valve body has four large threaded openings. The lower
+opening leads into the valve grip. The side opening, which forms a
+Y with the main portion of the body, is connected to the fuel-hose
+assembly. The front opening is screwed on the barrel. The rear opening
+is closed by the spring retainer and plug.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Valve-diaphragm assembly</span>, which transmits and reverses the
+movement imparted to it by the rocker arm of the valve grip. (<a href="#PARA_74a">Par 74 <span class="u">a</span></a>)
+It also serves as a seal, keeping fuel from entering the valve
+grip. The valve-diaphragm assembly includes:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) <span class="u">Yoke shaft</span>, on which the rocker arm bears at the lower end of
+the shaft.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) <span class="u">Yoke</span>, a Y-shaped metal part which fits on the upper end of the
+yoke shaft and is held to it by a steel pin. The yoke transmits motion
+from the shaft to the yoke block, and is located within the valve body
+when the valve is assembled.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) <span class="u">Diaphragm</span>, a synthetic-rubber diaphragm held in a steel sleeve,
+which fits snugly in the lower opening of the valve body. The yoke
+shaft passes through the diaphragm.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Diaphragm support, washer, and cap</span>, which hold the
+valve-diaphragm assembly in place in the valve body.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Spring retainer</span>, a brass, hollow bushing which screws into the
+rear opening of the valve body, and which is threaded internally
+to receive the plug. The retainer has a hexagonal head to take a
+1-3/8-inch wrench. As its name implies, the retainer holds the valve
+spring in position.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Plug</span>, a brass part, resembling a cap screw, which fits into
+the spring retainer, closing off the rear end of the gun. It permits
+adjustment of the needle (see <a href="#PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span></a> below) without removing the valve
+spring and spring retainer.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) <span class="u">Valve spring</span>, a coil spring located in the valve body between the
+spring retainer and the yoke block. The spring keeps the needle seated
+in the nozzle until compression of the grip safety and valve lever
+forces back the yoke block, spring, and needle.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) <span class="u">Yoke block</span>, a steel piece, 1 inch long, which fits into the arms
+of the yoke Y. It is secured by an internal thread to the valve needle.
+Movement of the yoke in turn moves the yoke block and the valve needle.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(8) <span class="u">Lock nut</span>, on the valve-needle thread at the rear of the yoke
+block, which locks the block on the needle.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(9) <span class="u">Valve-needle</span>, a pointed rod, which extends through the inside
+of the barrel from the yoke block to the nozzle. The valve needle is
+seated in the nozzle except when firing. It controls the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">79</a></span> ejection of
+fuel from the nozzle. Two sets of three fins each, known as needle
+guides, are mounted on the front and rear of the needle, respectively.
+These guides keep the needle centered in the barrel. The rear end
+of the valve needle is threaded to hold the yoke block and permit
+adjustment of the needle by means of the lock nut which screws on the
+threads. (See <a href="#PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span></a> below.)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(10) <span class="u">Barrel</span> (Figs <a href="#Fig_47">47</a> and <a href="#Fig_54">54</a>), which carries the fuel to the ignition
+head. It also supports or contains other components of the gun. The
+barrel assembly is replaced as a unit with the needle. It consists of a
+tube, made of thin metal, with a threaded fitting at the back end, and
+a nozzle brazed into the front end of the tube. The nozzle ejects the
+fuel from the barrel through the ignition head. The fuel emerges from
+two holes in the nozzle:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) <span class="u">Atomizer hole</span>, a small opening which sprays a fine, readily
+ignited mist of fuel. This helps ignite the main stream of fuel.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) <span class="u">Main hole</span>, which is tapered inside, and which conveys the main
+stream of fuel from the barrel. When the gun is not being fired, the
+valve needle is seated in the main hole of the nozzle. When the gun is
+being fired, the needle is withdrawn from the nozzle seat, permitting
+the fuel to be forced from the gun.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_75b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of barrel and valve-body assembly</span>. If gun group and
+tank group are connected, release any pressure in the fuel tanks by
+compressing the valve lever and the grip safety. Then disassemble as
+follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Unscrew the fuel-hose assembly from the fuel-valve body only if
+this is necessary for maintenance.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Remove spring retainer and plug from end of fuel-valve body and
+remove valve spring.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_50">
+<img src="images/i_p079.jpg" width="600" height="257" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 50. Valve needle, yoke block, and lock nut ready for
+installation in fuel-valve body.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Unscrew diaphragm cap and pull out washer, support, and
+valve-diaphragm assembly. To prevent loss of valve-needle adjustment<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">80</a></span>
+(<a href="#Fig_54">Fig 54</a>), do not disturb position of yoke block by turning the needle.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_51">
+<img src="images/i_p080_1.jpg" width="300" height="363" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 51. Placing diaphragm assembly in position in
+fuel-valve body.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_52">
+<img src="images/i_p080_2.jpg" width="300" height="344" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 52. Installing parts in fuel-valve body.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Slide the valve needle out of barrel; the yoke block and the lock
+nut may then be unscrewed from the valve needle, but adjustment (see
+<a href="#PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span></a> below) will be necessary when reinstalling.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_75c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of barrel and valve-body assembly.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) To install valve needle, screw the yoke block and lock nut on the
+needle (<a href="#Fig_50">Fig 50</a>). Insert needle in valve body and barrel.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Insert valve-diaphragm assembly into valve body (<a href="#Fig_51">Fig 51</a>), making
+sure that the yoke slips into the flat notches of yoke block.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_53">
+<img src="images/i_p080_3.jpg" width="600" height="242" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 53. Installing spring retainer in fuel-valve body.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Slip the diaphragm support, washer, and cap over the yoke<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">81</a></span> shaft.
+(<a href="#Fig_52">Fig 52</a>) Screw on the diaphragm cap by hand. Do not use a wrench.
+Install valve grip. (<a href="#PARA_74c">Par 74 <span class="u">c</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Place valve spring over end of needle and install spring retainer.
+(<a href="#Fig_53">Fig 53</a>) Apply wrench very lightly to tighten spring retainer.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Adjust needle (see <span class="u">d</span> below), and screw plug into the spring
+retainer.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) If hose has been removed, apply anti-seize compound lightly to the
+threads. Screw hose into fuel-valve body. Wrench should be applied very
+lightly to tighten.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Adjustment of valve needle</span>. Needle is adjusted after installation
+of parts in barrel and valve assembly. Use care when resetting needle,
+as smooth operation of the weapon depends on accurate adjustment.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Remove ignition shield (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>) and plug from gun.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Use the valve-adjusting wrench (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>) to hold the lock nut and
+apply a cabinet (narrow-bladed) screw driver (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>) in the end of the
+needle. Turn needle until it makes a snug fit in the nozzle opening.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Compress the valve lever and grip safety. The needle should draw
+back into the nozzle with the tip of the needle at the smallest
+diameter opening in the nozzle. (<a href="#Fig_54">Fig 54</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) When the needle has been correctly adjusted, as in (3) above,
+tighten the lock nut with the valve-adjusting wrench, keeping the
+needle from turning with the screw driver. This will lock the
+adjustment. Screw plug into the spring retainer.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Replace ignition shield. (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_75e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of barrel and valve body.</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_54">
+<img src="images/i_p081.jpg" width="600" height="280" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 54. Valve-needle adjustment. Solid lines show needle
+in correct open position with point at smallest diameter of nozzle.
+Broken lines show needle in closed position.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Damaged parts</span>. Replace worn or damaged parts. If the diaphragm
+shows evidence<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">82</a></span> of tears or separation, or if leaks occur at the
+diaphragm, replace the valve-diaphragm assembly.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Valve spring</span>. If valve spring has lost resiliency, grasp it by
+the ends and stretch slightly, or replace.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Nozzle leaks</span>. If valve leaks at nozzle, and cleaning
+(<a href="#PARA_55d">Par 55 <span class="u">d</span></a>) does not remedy the leak, adjust needle (see <a href="#PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span></a> above). If leak
+persists, either replace barrel and needle, or lap seat. To lap, place
+lapping compound on seat (in nozzle) and on needle point. Turn needle
+in seat until parts make a tight connection when seated. Remove lapping
+compound, reassemble, adjust needle, and test fire.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Atomizer hole</span>. If atomizer hole is clogged, clean with fine wire.
+(<a href="#PARA_52i">Par 52 <span class="u">i</span></a>)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_76">76. IGNITION HEAD.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_76a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_55">Fig 55</a>) The ignition head ignites
+the fuel when the flame thrower is fired. It is mounted on the fore
+part of the barrel. It consists of:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Ignition-head body</span>, which includes half of the front grip. Three
+set screws serve to tighten the ignition-head body to the barrel. The
+ignition-head body is made of aluminum.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Trigger and trigger bearing</span>, held between the ignition-head body
+and the coverplate by the trigger screw.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Trigger rod</span>, one end of which is held in the trigger bearing,
+the other extending through the ignition-head body. Pulling the
+trigger shoves the trigger rod forward, causing it to push a match in
+the ignition cylinder. The match ignites an incendiary charge in the
+ignition cylinder.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Trigger spring</span>, which hooks over a projection of the trigger and
+is held at its lower end by a screw, which is held in the ignition-head
+body. This spring pulls the trigger rod back from the firing position
+after the firer releases the trigger.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Latch</span>, located in the ignition-head body, in front of and above
+the trigger guard. The latch, set on a pin, engages the notch of the
+ignition shield, locking it in place. A latch spring holds latch in
+position.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) <span class="u">Coverplate</span>, an aluminum casting which constitutes the left
+section of the front grip and covers the working parts seated in the
+ignition head body. The coverplate and body are held together by four
+screws and four lock washers.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) <span class="u">Spring case</span>, which turns the ignition cylinder when the trigger
+is pulled.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Four projections on the inner spring case are bent over the outer
+spring case to hold the two parts together.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) The inner-case pin (<a href="#Fig_56">Fig 56</a>) engages a stop on the inside of the
+ignition cylinder. The five projecting metal matches on the inside
+of the ignition cylinder are each in turn stopped by the lug on the
+forward-facing surface of the ignition-head body.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">83</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_55">
+<img src="images/i_p083.jpg" width="600" height="363" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 55. Ignition head disassembled, showing nomenclature
+and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for requisitioning spare
+parts.</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">84</a></span>When the trigger is pulled, the trigger rod pushes a match
+forward, causing an incendiary charge in the ignition cylinder to
+ignite. The spring in the case rotates the ignition cylinder until
+another match is stopped by the lug.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_56">
+<img src="images/i_p084.jpg" width="600" height="266" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 56. Parts of ignition head and ignition cylinder.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) The outer-case pin (on the outside surface of the outer spring
+case) fits into the notch in the ignition shield and holds the spring
+case as the shield is screwed into position. This action winds the
+spring in the case.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) A snap ring holds the spring case on the ignition-head body.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(8) <span class="u">Ignition shield</span>, a cylindrical, thin-metal tube with a conical
+front end. The shield guides the flame and protects the firer. Eight
+holes around the base of the cone provide an air intake for burning
+the fuel. The base of the shield is threaded, and it screws onto the
+ignition-head body. A notch (<a href="#Fig_56">Fig 56</a>) in the base of the shield receives
+the latch and the outer-case pin of the spring case.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_76b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of ignition head</span>. To remove the ignition head, proceed as
+follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Remove shield by lifting latch and unscrewing shield
+counterclockwise. (<a href="#Fig_14">Fig 14</a>) Keep hands and face away from front of
+barrel.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) If ignition cylinder has not been removed, remove it or allow it to
+fall off barrel.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Pry off snap ring which holds spring case in position, using screw
+driver. (<a href="#Fig_57">Fig 57</a>) Be careful not to damage or break the ignition-head
+body by applying too much leverage.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Remove the four screws and lock washers which hold ignition-head
+body and coverplate together. Lift off coverplate.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Trigger, trigger spring, trigger rod, latch, and latch spring may
+be removed.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) Using a hex wrench, loosen set screws (<a href="#Fig_58">Fig 58</a>) and withdraw barrel
+from ignition head.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">85</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_76c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of ignition head</span>. To install ignition head, proceed
+as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Insert barrel in ignition-head body, pushing it as far forward as
+the shoulder on the barrel permits.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Aline front grip and valve grip.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Using hex wrench, tighten set screws on barrel enough to hold but
+not so tight that barrel is dented.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Place latch, latch spring, trigger and bearing, trigger rod, and
+trigger spring in position.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Put coverplate on ignition-head body and replace the four lock
+washers and screws.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) Slip spring case over barrel, and lock by forcing snap ring into
+the groove.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) When weapon is to be used on a mission, fit ignition cylinder
+and ignition shield in place on nozzle end of barrel as described in
+Paragraph <a href="#PARA_18">18</a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_76d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of ignition head.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Servicing</span>. The ignition head should be cleaned and lubricated
+each time it is disassembled. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Spring-case assembly</span>. If outer case rotates and inner case does
+not, and no spring action occurs, spring is broken and spring case
+should be replaced as a unit. Do not disassemble or repair this part.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Trigger rod and lug</span>. When trigger is pulled all the way, end
+of trigger rod should extend 1/16 inch beyond lug on forward-facing
+surface of ignition-head body. If end of trigger rod is worn, replace
+rod. Lug on the ignition-head body should be approximately 7/32 inch
+high. If lug is worn or broken, replace ignition head body.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_57">
+<img src="images/i_p085_1.jpg" width="300" height="308" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 57. Prying snap ring from ignition head to remove
+spring case.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_58">
+<img src="images/i_p085_2.jpg" width="300" height="309" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 58. Loosening set screws with wrench so ignition
+head may be lifted off barrel.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">86</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="APPENDIX">APPENDIX</h2>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<h3 id="Section_XVIII_SHIPMENT">Section XVIII SHIPMENT
+AND STORAGE</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_77">77. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The flame thrower is shipped and stored in a wooden packing case (<a href="#Fig_59">Fig 59</a>),
+ which measures approximately 34 inches by 23 inches by 19 inches.
+Cubage of the case is approximately 8-1/2 cubic feet.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_59">
+<img src="images/i_p086.jpg" width="600" height="412" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 59. Opened packing chest showing flame thrower and
+other contents as received.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_77a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Storage procedure</span>. After use and servicing (Pars <a href="#PARA_55">55</a> and <a href="#PARA_56">56</a>), if
+the weapon is not to be promptly reused on another mission, it should
+be returned to the packing case. Before disconnecting the gun group
+from the tank group and storing the weapon, the ignition cylinder
+should be removed, the fuel discharged, and the pressure released.
+Operate fuel valve to release any residual pressure in the fuel tanks.
+The deflector tube must be removed from the safety head (<a href="#Fig_11">Fig 11</a>) to
+permit the tank group to fit into the chest. The deflector tube should
+be kept in the spare parts<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">87</a></span> kit or tool kit until the next use of the
+weapon. The spare parts kit, the tool kit, the extra cans of cylinders,
+TM 3-376A, and the coupling plug (<a href="#Fig_7">Fig 7</a>) should remain in the chest
+except when they are being used. Wooden fittings hold the tank group in
+place, with the pressure tank up. The gun group is disconnected from
+the tank group and is kept with fuel hose connected to the gun on the
+gun mounting board in the chest. (<a href="#Fig_10">Fig 10</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_77b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Rust prevention</span>. If the flame thrower, parts, and tools are to be
+stored for a considerable length of time, especially in a damp climate,
+all exposed metal surfaces should be covered with a rust-preventive
+compound. Store in a dry place.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XIX_LIST_OF_REFERENCES">Section XIX LIST OF REFERENCES</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_78">78. REFERENCES.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">References pertaining to the care and use of flame throwers include:</p>
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="references">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="15%" />
+<col width="65%" />
+</colgroup>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">AR&nbsp;850-20</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Precautions in Handling Gasoline</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">AR 850-60</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Compressed Gas Cylinders; Safe Handling,
+Storing, Shipping, Using</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">FM 31-50</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Attack on a Fortified Position and Combat in
+Towns</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">FM 100-5</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Operations</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">TM 3-220</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Decontamination</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">TM 9-850</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Cleaning, Preserving, Lubricating, and Welding
+Materials and Similar Items Issued by
+the Ordnance Department
+</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">88</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="INDEX">INDEX</h2>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="index">
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="tdr normal"><span class="u">Paragraphs</span></th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- A -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Adjustable-end wrench,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Adjustment of fire,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a>, <a href="#PARA_26c">26<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">After firing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_30">30</a>, <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>, <a href="#PARA_56">56</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">After six missions,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56">56</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Aging of fuel,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35j">35<span class="u">j</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Aiming,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a>, <a href="#PARA_26c">26<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Air compressor,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32a">32<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32">32<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_39a">39<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Alcohol,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35a">35<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Angles of tanks when firing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24b">24<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Anti-seize compound</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">source of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58b">58<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Assistants,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4f">4<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Atomizer hole</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52i">52<span class="u">i</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- B -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Barrel</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55i">55<span class="u">i</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">damage to,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Barrel and valve-body assembly,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bleeders,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32c">32<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Burning time of fuels,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bursts,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4b">4<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_25c">25<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_28">28</a>, <a href="#PARA_29">29</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bushing, pipe, 3/4 inch by 1/2 inch,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_8">8</a>, <a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- C -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cap, diaphragm,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Capacity, fuel,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9e">9<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Carrier</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a>, <a href="#PARA_56e">56<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71a">71<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71c">71<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preventive maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51">51</a>, <a href="#PARA_55h">55<span class="u">h</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71b">71<span class="u">b</span></a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">89</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Carrier frame,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Carrier pack,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Carrying the flame thrower,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a>, <a href="#PARA_20">20</a>, <a href="#PARA_55b">55<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56e">56<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Catalog,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Charging of pressure tank,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Check valve</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66e">66<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cleaning</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">gun,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49a">49<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>, <a href="#PARA_56f">56<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58c">58<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74d">74<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">tank group,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55">55</a>, <a href="#PARA_58c">58<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68c">68<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cold weather,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-36, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Compound, anti-seize</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">source of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58b">58<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Compound, pipe thread (anti-seize),</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58b">58<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Compressed air</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging apparatus,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_46">46</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">release of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">volume required,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32c">32<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Compressor, air,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32a">32<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32b">32<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Controls,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14">14</a>, <a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_26">26</a>, <a href="#PARA_61">61</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cord</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71a">71<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71c">71<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">tightening,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51h">51<span class="u">h</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71d">71<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cotter pins,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Coupling plug,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10f">10<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_39c">39<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Coupling washer,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58f">58<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Coverplate,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cubage,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Crankcase drainings,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_36">36</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cylinders</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46">46</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">number required,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32b">32<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of, in charging,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of, in filling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- D -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">90</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Dampness</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on ignition cylinder,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on thickener,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on weapon,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_51g">51<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_77b">77<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Deflector tube,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12j">12<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Description of flame thrower,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5">5</a>, <a href="#PARA_65">65</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Destruction</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">accessories,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46b">46<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_46d"><span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">flame thrower,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46a">46<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46c">46<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ignition cylinders,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_46f">46<span class="u">f</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">thickener,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46e">46<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diaphragm,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diaphragm cap,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diaphragm support,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diaphragm, valve, assembly,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56e">56<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58a">58<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diaphragm washer,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diesel oil,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Differences in models,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7">7</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diffusion-pipe assembly,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_67">67</a>, <a href="#PARA_68">68</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Dimensions,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Discharge time,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Dome-type regulator,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Drums,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>-40</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Duration of fire,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Dust</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">blowing out,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_33j">33<span class="u">j</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- E -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">E1 ignition cylinders,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18a">18<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">E3 portable flame thrower,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7a">7<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Engineers’ wrenches,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc" colspan="2">- F -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Filling fuel tanks</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">by blowing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">by force pump,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_38">38</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">by pouring,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">service when filling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53">53</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Filling plug,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Filling with fuel,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-40<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">91</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fire precautions,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15c">15<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>, <a href="#PARA_55">55</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Firers,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4f">4<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Firing technique,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_26">26</a>-30, <a href="#PARA_54">54</a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Flexible shaft,</td>
+<td class="tdr"> valve</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66d">66<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Frame clamp,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">capacity,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9e">9<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">characteristics,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46c">46<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">left in tanks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24b">24<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">per 100 fillings,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">precautions,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>-40, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preparation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ranges,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">weight,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel-filling hose,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel-filling line,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_46b">46<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel hose</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70a">70<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">length,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40j">40<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40j">40<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70b">70<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73b">73<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73">73</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">stiffening of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_21">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel oils,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel tanks</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">angle when firing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24">24<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53a">53<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53b">53<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">fuel level,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53b">53<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">inspection,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53a">53<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68b">68<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68c">68<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68b">68<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel valve</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56f">56<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61d">61<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">92</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">failure to close,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56">56</a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_26b">26<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74b">74<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75b">75<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56c">56<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Funnel,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>-37</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- G -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gage, fuel-tank testing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gage, pressure testing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gasoline, in fuels,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-40, <a href="#PARA_43">43</a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gloves,</td>
+<td class="tdr"> <a href="#PARA_20g">21<span class="u">g</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Grease,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Grip safety,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_56d">56<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Grip support,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gun</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">assembling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">carrying,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55i">55<span class="u">i</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56f">56<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74d">74<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_14">14</a>, <a href="#PARA_72">72</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">disassembling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">length,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">mounting board,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10e">10<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preventive maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_54">54</a>-56</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">requisitioning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">storage,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12g">12<span class="u">g</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gun group</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">assembling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_72">72</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">connecting to tank group,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73">73</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_14">14</a>, <a href="#PARA_72">72</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">disassembly,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_72">72</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_72">72</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preventive maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_54">54</a>-56</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">storage,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12g">12<span class="u">g</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">weight,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- H -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">93</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Heat, effect on fuel,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-36, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>, <a href="#PARA_43">43</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Hex wrenches,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76c">76<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Hose connector,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Hose,</td>
+<td class="tdr"> fuel</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_73a">73<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">length,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40j">40<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40j">40<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73b">73<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73">73</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">stiffening of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_21">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- I -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Identification,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_6">6</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ignition action,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14b">14<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ignition cylinders</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">action,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14b">14<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_46f">46<span class="u">f</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">discarding,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">duration of fire,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">failure,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">loading of gun,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">packing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10c">10<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">precautions,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_20">20</a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">storing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use in training,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15b">15<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_18a">18<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ignition failure,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_26">26</a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a>, <a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ignition head</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">assembling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76c">76<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">disassembling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">failure,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76c">76<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">loading,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ignition-head body,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ignition shield,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_52d">52<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Immersion, effects of,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Incendiary effects,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">94</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Interchanging with E3,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7a">7<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Interchanging with M1 or M1A1,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7b">7<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_8">8</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- J -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Jungle ranges,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- K -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Kerosene,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35a">35<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_36a">36<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Kit</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">tool,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10">10</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">spare parts,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10">10</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">service,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48">48</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- L -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Lapping needle and nozzle,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Latch,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Leaded gasoline,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40n">40<span class="u">n</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Leaks</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56">56</a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68">68</a>-70, <a href="#PARA_73">73</a>-75</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">pressure,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_51b">51<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Left valve grip,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Line, fuel-filling,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Lines, charging and filling</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46">46</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">source,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Liquid fuels</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">aiming,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">characteristics,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">filling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_38">38</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">precautions,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_36">36</a>-40</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preparation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ranges,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Loading ignition cylinder,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Lubrication,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- M -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Marking,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_6">6</a>, <a href="#PARA_18a">18<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">M1 and M1A1 portable flame throwers,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7b">7<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_8">8</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Moisture</td>
+<td>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">95</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on ignition cylinder,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on thickener,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on weapon,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_51g">51<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_77b">77<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Mounting board,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12g">12<span class="u">g</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- N -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Needle</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75b">75<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Nitrogen</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging apparatus,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_46">46</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">release of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">volume required,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32c">32<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Nozzle</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- O -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Oxygen, hazard from use,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32c">32<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- P -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Packing chest</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cubage,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">dimensions,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">opening,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a>, <a href="#PARA_30">30</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">weight,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Paddle,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_36">36</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Painting,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_13">13</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_68c">68<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pins,</td>
+<td class="tdr">(carrier) <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Plug, coupling,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10f">10<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_39c">39<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Plug, filling,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">96</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Plug-retainer assembly,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Plug, safety-head,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Plug, testing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Point-blank range,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Positions, firing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24">24</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Precautions</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">in training,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when charging,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when filling with fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>-40</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when firing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22a">22<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_24d">24<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when preparing fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when servicing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_57">57</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">with cylinder,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_57">57</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">with gun,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_20">20</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging apparatus,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_46">46</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lack of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61">61</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">pounds of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9f">9<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">release of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing for,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure regulator</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_59">59</a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67a">67<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67c">67<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_67b">67<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_59">59</a>, <a href="#PARA_67">67</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61b">61<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure tank</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure tank and valve assembly</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66d">66<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66e">66<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing for leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure-tank clamp</td>
+<td>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">97</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">repair,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51e">51<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure-tank valve</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14a">14<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_55g">55<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61b">61<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66e">66<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51a">51<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53c">53<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure-tank valve handle,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14a">14<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66">66</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Preventive maintenance services,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a>-56</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pump</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">force,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_38">38</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">air,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39a">39<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- R -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Rain, effect on firing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_77b">77<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ranges,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4c">4<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_15b">15<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_15c">15<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_22">22</a>, <a href="#PARA_61">61</a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Recoil,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24c">24<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Records,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_2">2</a>, <a href="#PARA_49a">49<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">References,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_1b">1<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_78">78</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Regulator tube,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a>, <a href="#PARA_67">67</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Removal of tank group,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55b">55<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Right valve grip,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Rocker arm,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- S -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Safety, grip,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Safety-head plug,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Safety head, replacement,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_54b">54<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55f">55<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_59">59</a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Screening effect,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Screw drivers,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_52f">52<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Seine cord</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71a">71<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71c">71<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">tightening,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51h">51<span class="u">h</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71d">71<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Service kit,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48">48</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Service, on receipt of equipment,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a>, <a href="#PARA_13">13</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">98</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Set-screw wrenches,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76c">76<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Shield, ignition,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_52d">52<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Shipment,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_77">77</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Short range, causes of,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61">61</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Sighting,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Skids, use of,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24">24</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Smoke,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Smoking,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a>, <a href="#PARA_40d">40<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Snap ring,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Soaking the target,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_29">29</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spare parts in service kit,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48">48</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spare parts kit,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spray of fuel,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spring case</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52j">52<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dust,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a>, <a href="#PARA_52j">52<span class="u">j</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">general,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication at,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_52j">52<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63b">63<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spring retainer and plug,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52g">52<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spring, trigger,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_63d">63<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spring-type regulator,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spring, valve,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spring, valve-grip,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Stem, pressure valve,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66d">66<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Storage</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging lines,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cylinders,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">filling lines,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">flame thrower,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a>, <a href="#PARA_30f">30<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_42">42</a>, <a href="#PARA_77">77</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35j">35<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_36i">36<span class="u">i</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ignition cylinders,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Straps, adjustment,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a>, <a href="#PARA_51i">51<span class="u">i</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60b">60<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71d">71<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Sun, exposure of flame thrower to,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40">40</a>, <a href="#PARA_43">43</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Support, diaphragm,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- T -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tactics,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_4e">4<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tank connector,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tank coupling</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70d">70<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70a">70<span class="u">a</span></a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">99</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_70d">70<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51c">51<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70d">70<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73a">73<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70b">70<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51c">51<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tank group</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">carrying,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a>, <a href="#PARA_24">24</a>, <a href="#PARA_55b">55<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">connecting to gun,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_65">65</a>-71</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">dimensions,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">interchanging,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preventive maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a>, <a href="#PARA_51">51</a>, <a href="#PARA_53">53</a>-56</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55b">55<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">requisitioning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">weight,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Targets,</td>
+<td class="tdr"> <a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Temperature, effects of,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-36, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>, <a href="#PARA_43">43</a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Test firing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12k">12<span class="u">k</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_35k">35<span class="u">k</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_36h">36<span class="u">h</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Thickened fuel</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">aiming,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25c">25<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_26c">26<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">characteristics,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">filling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>-39</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">precautions,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preparation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ranges,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Thickener</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46e">46<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">quantity,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_35">35</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">storage,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Time of discharge,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tool kit,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Training,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a>, <a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Trigger,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14b">14<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_26a">26<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Trigger rod</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52l">52<span class="u">l</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Trigger screw,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Trigger spring,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52k">52<span class="u">k</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63d">63<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">100</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- U -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Underbrush,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22b">22<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Uses of flame throwers,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- V -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve-adjusting wrench</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">source,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve, pressure-tank,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve-diaphragm assembly,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10">10</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56c">56<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58a">58<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve flexible shaft</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66d">66<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve grip</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">action,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58a">58<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_56d">56<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74d">74<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74d">74<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74b">74<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve-grip spring,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve lever</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">play,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74b">74<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve needle</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75b">75<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve, fuel</td>
+<td>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">101</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56f">56<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61d">61<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">failure to close,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56c">56<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_26b">26<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56c">56<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve pressure-tank</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14a">14<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_55g">55<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61b">61<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66e">66<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51a">51<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53c">53<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve spring,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Void in fuel tanks,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53b">53<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- W -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Washer, coupling,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Washer, diaphragm,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Water</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">and ignition cylinder,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on thickener,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on weapon,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_51g">51<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use in testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use in training,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Weights,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4d">4<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Wind, effects of,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_23">23</a>, <a href="#PARA_45">45</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Wrenches,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- Y -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Yoke,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Yoke block,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Yoke shaft,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">102</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter padb2 small" id="NOTES"><span class="u">NOTES</span></h2>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p class="chapter padt2 padb2 center noindent sansserif">
+REPRODUCTION PLANT<br />
+CHEMICAL WARFARE SCHOOL<br />
+EDGEWOOD ARSENAL MD<br />
+1944</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<div class="transnote"><p>Transcriber’s Notes:</p>
+<p>The original accentuation, spelling, punctuation and hyphenation has been retained, except for apparent typographical errors.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 53669 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/old/53669-0.txt b/old/53669-0.txt
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of War Department Technical Manual TM 3-376 A,, by 
+War Department
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
+other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
+the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
+to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
+
+
+
+Title: War Department Technical Manual TM 3-376 A,
+       Portable Flame Thrower M2-2
+
+Author: War Department
+
+Release Date: December 5, 2016 [EBook #53669]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PORTABLE FLAME THROWER ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by deaurider, Brian Wilcox and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber’s Notes
+
+The spelling, hyphenation and punctuation is as the original, with the
+exception of apparent typographical errors.
+
+  Italic text is denoted as _underscore_.
+  Bold text is denoted as =equals sign=.
+  Underlined text is also denoted as _underscore_, Generally used at
+  beginning of paragraphs.
+
+
+
+
+  _War Department Technical Manual_
+  _TM 3-376A_
+
+
+  PORTABLE
+  FLAME THROWER
+  M2-2
+
+[Illustration: Printer’s mark]
+
+
+_RESTRICTED_
+
+  DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER. The information contained in
+  restricted documents and the essential characteristics of restricted
+  material may be given to any person known to be in the service of
+  the United States and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discretion
+  who are cooperating in Government work, but will not be communicated
+  to the public or to the press except by authorized military public
+  relations agencies. (See also par. 18b, AR 380-5, 28 Sep 1942.)
+
+
+_War Department - 16 May 1944_
+
+_Washington, D. C._
+
+
+
+
+  WAR DEPARTMENT,
+  Washington, 25, D. C. 16 May 1944
+
+TM 3-376A, Portable Flame Thrower M2-2 is published for the information
+and guidance of all concerned.
+
+[A. G. 300.7 (21 March 44)]
+
+By order of the Secretary of War:
+
+  G. C. MARSHALL,
+  _Chief of Staff_.
+
+  Official:
+  J. A. ULIO,
+  _Major General_,
+  _The Adjutant General_.
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+  R & H (5); Bn 2, 7, 17 (2); C & H 3 (5); IC & H 5 (5); C 2, 7, 17
+  (2); X. ID: T/O & E 72T, Light Div; 17, Armd Div; IR: T/O 5-192, Hq
+  & Hq Co, Engr Comb Gr; 5-171, Engr Comb Regt; IBn: T/O 5-15, Engr
+  Comb Bn; 5-35, Engr Bn Sep; 5-175, Engr Bn, Comb Regt; 5-215, Armd
+  Engr Bn; 5-475T, Engr Bn, Light Div; IC: T/O 5-16, Hq & Hq & Sv Co,
+  Engr Combat Bn; 5-17, Engr Comb Co; 5-192, Hq & Hq Co, Engr Comb Gr;
+  5-36, Hq & Hq & Sv Co, Engr Bn (Sep); 5-37, Co, Engr Bn (Sep); 5-176,
+  Hq & Hq Det, Engr Bn, Engr Comb Regt; 5-216, Hq & Hq Co, Armd Engr
+  Bn; 5-217, Co, Armd Engr Bn; 5-476T, Hq & Hq Co, Engr Bn, Light Div;
+  5477-T, Co, Engr Bn, Light Div.
+
+(For explanation of symbols see Par 26, FM 21-6)
+
+
+
+
+TECHNICAL MANUAL
+
+PORTABLE FLAME THROWER M2-2
+
+  WAR DEPARTMENT
+  WASHINGTON, 25, D. C., 16 May 1945
+
+
+  CHANGES}
+  No. 1  }
+
+
+  TM 3-376A, 16 May 1944, is changed as follows:
+
+
+=10. ITEMS WITH EACH FLAME THROWER.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  _b. Kit, spare parts, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly
+  B81-6-=190=._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  _g._ (Added). Army Service Forces Catalog CW 7-440114, Organizational
+  Spare Parts and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons: for Flame Thrower,
+  Portable, M2-2.
+
+  Fig. 8. Contents of tool kit:
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    B. 1 Wrench, hex, * * * set screws, H22-49-12.
+
+      =2 Wrench, hex, 5/32-inch across flats for 5/16-inch socket-head
+      set screws, H22-49-140.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  Fig 9. Contents of spare parts kit:
+
+    F. (Added). 3 Tubes, deflector, A81-1-501. (See fig. 39.)
+
+    G. (Added). 3 Locknuts, pipe, hex, 1/8-inch, H98-5-382 (for use
+        with deflector tube). (See fig. 39.)
+
+    H. (Added). 1 Support, diaphragm, A81-1-428. (See fig. 47.)
+
+
+=12. NEW EQUIPMENT.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_m._ (Added). New gun may be received with valve spring removed from
+barrel and valve assembly. Spring comes tied to barrel. This is done to
+prevent strain on valve diaphragm assembly caused by pressure of spring
+in gun during storage and shipment. When weapon is being prepared for
+operation, spring must be untied from barrel and installed in gun, as
+described in paragraph 75.
+
+_n._ (Added). Pressure regulator may be shipped at zero adjustment
+to prevent possibility of strain on diaphragm during shipment and
+storage. A regulator shipped in this condition has a tag (tied to the
+tank coupling) stating that the regulator is not set. When weapon
+is received in this condition, it must be adjusted as described in
+paragraph 67 before it can be operated.
+
+
+  Footnote:
+
+  =*These changes supersede TB 3-376A-1, 19 October 1944.=
+
+
+=15. TRAINING.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_b. Use of water in training._ Water may be used (instead of fuel)
+for elementary practice firing. Ignition cylinders are * * * piece,
+and lubricated (Par. 49). =Use of water, however, should always be
+supplemented by firing ignited fuel because water does not give a
+correct impression of stream and flame characteristics.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=17. CONNECTING TANK GROUP AND GUN GROUP.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_a._ Place the new * * * to 2 minutes. =Slight pressure sometimes
+builds up in the fuel tanks, even though the pressure-tank valve has
+not been opened, and causes some overflow of fuel when the coupling
+plug is removed. This pressure may be relieved by—=
+
+    =(1) Standing the tank group upright.=
+
+    =(2) Slightly opening filling plug on top of fuel tanks to
+    bleed the pressure.=
+
+    =(3) Closing the opening at filling plug and tightening it
+    with wrench.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=18. LOADING WITH IGNITION CYLINDER.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  _b. Precautions._ Care must be * * * front of gun. =Do not ignite
+  the ignition cartridge until the weapon is to be fired at the
+  target.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=30. AFTER FIRING.=
+
+  When the firer * * * mission, he should:
+
+_a._ =First=, remove and discard the ignition cylinder, =as the
+ignition cylinder should never be present when blowing out fuel or
+after blowing out fuel except when preparing for a new mission. To
+remove cylinder, proceed= as follows:
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_b._ Close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle clockwise
+(to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank) =only if additional
+shots are to be fired before refilling and recharging=.
+
+_c._ =If no additional shots are to be fired before refilling
+and recharging, open pressure-tank valve by turning handle
+counterclockwise.= Point the gun away from personnel and blow out the
+remaining fuel =and pressure=, if any, from the fuel tanks by squeezing
+the valve lever and grip safety until there is no further discharge.
+The trigger should not be used during this operation. =Then close the
+pressure-tank valve to prevent entrance of foreign matter into the
+pressure system.=
+
+_d._ (Superseded). Carefully remove tank group from the back. This may
+be done most easily by sitting or squatting with back to a tree stump,
+flat rock, packing box, or other object. Release the body and shoulder
+straps and ease tank group off the back. Avoid dropping equipment on
+the ground as this may damage it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=31. IGNITION CYLINDER.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_c. Packing._ Ignition cylinders are * * * each flame thrower. Fifty
+cans (100 ignition cylinders) are contained in each =ignition cylinder=
+packing box. =Wooden packing box with contents weighs approximately 50
+to 55 pounds. Outside dimensions of the box are approximately 16-1/4
+inches by 14-3/4 inches by 10-1/4 inches. Cubage is 1-3/12 cubic feet.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=32. CHARGING PRESSURE TANK.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_b. Charging from air compressor._ Compressor, air, gasoline * * *
+cylinders as well. Instructions for use of the compressor will be found
+in =TM 3-377=.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  =Figure 23.= Charging two pressure tanks, using charging and filling
+  lines, and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen. =As many as four
+  pressure tank and valve assemblies, on or off tank groups, can be
+  charged at one time from cylinders coupled as shown in figure 24.=
+
+
+=33. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PRESSURE-CHARGING.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_m._ (Added). Inspect carefully to be certain that no traces of grease,
+flame thrower fuel, oil, dirt, or other foreign matter are present in
+flame thrower pressure tanks, outlets of air compressor, connections,
+hose, or cylinders containing compressed air.
+
+_n._ (Added). Hands and tools must be free of oil or grease when
+charging or servicing flame thrower pressure systems.
+
+_o._ (Added). Discharge any remaining compressed air in flame thrower
+pressure tanks before recharging.
+
+_p._ (Added). If compressed air is to be used, and if any grease, oil,
+or flame thrower fuel is detected by sense of smell or sight within
+pressure tank and valve assemblies or cylinders, return tanks or
+cylinders for cleaning to the appropriate third-echelon maintenance
+agency of Chemical Warfare Service.
+
+
+=35.1 PEPTIZED FUELS= (Added).
+
+_a. Characteristics._
+
+(1) Pour more readily than usual thickened fuels.
+
+(2) Give a larger diameter flame than thickened fuels.
+
+(3) Give longer effective ranges than liquid fuels.
+
+(4) Prepared more quickly in cool temperatures than thickened fuels.
+
+_b. Preparation._
+
+(1) Open 5-1/4-pound can or cans of thickener.
+
+(2) Add 2 mess kit spoonfuls of water to each can of thickener. Stir
+until the water disappears in the thickener. It is not necessary to mix
+the water uniformly with all of the thickener.
+
+(3) Proceed at once as directed in paragraph 35. Avoid accidental
+addition of any water to the thickener or fuel other than that stated
+in (2) above.
+
+(4) Peptized fuels set a little more quickly than the usual thickened
+fuels, but their general appearance after setting is the same. After
+standing, however, peptized fuels spontaneously become thinner and
+may be poured without use of pressure. The time it takes for thinning
+to occur depends on the temperature of the fuel. At 75° Fahrenheit or
+higher, thinning occurs in approximately 1 to 2 hours. At temperatures
+below 60° Fahrenheit, thinning occurs several days after preparation of
+the peptized fuel.
+
+(5) If water has accidentally gotten into fuel before addition of
+the thickener, peptizing action takes place, but the results are
+unpredictable because the quantity of water added is not controlled.
+
+
+=36. PREPARATION OF LIQUID FUELS.=
+
+_a. Choice of ingredients._ Thin fuels are * * * reaching the target.
+For this reason, liquid fuels should contain the lowest proportion of
+gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier fuels that permit easy
+ignition. In hot climates, * * * of great importance. =The gasoline
+used can be any U. S. grade of motor fuel or aviation gasoline.=
+Suitable blends are as follows:
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(3) (Added). By volume, 20 to 25 percent gasoline and 75 to 80 percent
+light fuel oil.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=40.1 USE OF PACKBOARDS= (Added).
+
+Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies (par. 66.1) make possible
+the use of packboards for transporting pressure tanks, 5-gallon
+cans of fuel, wrenches, and additional ignition cylinders close to the
+front line of combat to troops using flame throwers. As packboards
+are not manufactured specifically for servicing flame throwers, standard
+quartermaster-issue packboards are used. Packboard transportation
+is practicable only with pourable fuel. (Pourable fuels include
+some thickened fuels and all liquid fuels.)
+
+_a._ The following is a suggested procedure for packboard
+transportation:
+
+(1) Lash all necessary filling and charging supplies for one flame
+thrower to packboard, using lashing rope and straps.
+
+(2) Tie one pressure tank and valve assembly to top of one flat 5-gallon
+fuel can so that flexible shaft and handle hang down parallel to
+one side of the fuel can.
+
+(3) Carry wrench with large enough opening to unscrew filling
+plugs from tops of fuel tanks and to tighten plugs after filling.
+
+(4) Carry extra ignition cylinders.
+
+_b._ Return empty pressure tank and valve assembly along with empty
+fuel can and wrench on packboard to flame thrower servicing point.
+
+_c._ If a supply of flame thrower tank groups is available, they may
+be preferred to the packboard method of transportation. Tank
+groups are easy to carry, and a filled and charged tank group can
+replace an emptied one as quickly as packboard method can be used to
+service flame thrower.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=48. SERVICE KIT.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_a. Tools._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  1 Screw driver, common, * * * blade diameter, H22-50-6. (Fig. 8.)
+
+  =2 Wrenches, hex, 5/32 inch across flats (for 5/16-inch socket-head
+  set screws), H22-49-140. (See B, fig. 8.)=
+
+  2 Wrenches, hex, * * * set screws), H22-49-91.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_b. Accessories and spare parts._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+1 Tank and valve, pressure, assembly =(less valve shaft assembly,
+B81-1-883) B81-1-879. (See fig. 35.2.)=
+
+1 Shaft, valve, assembly =B-81-1-883. (See fig. 35.2.)=
+
+2 Case, spring, assemblies B81-1-444. (Fig. 9.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+1 Regulator, pressure, assembly =(Grove type) B81-1-778. (Fig.
+35.2.)=
+
+1 Compound, anti-seize, white * * * 1/4-pound can, H99-3-12.
+
+2 Gages, pressure * * * assembly B81-6-90. (Fig. 32.)
+
+=6 Tubes, deflector, A81-1-501. (See fig. 39.)=
+
+=6 Locknuts, pipe, hex, 1/8-inch, H98-5-382. (See fig. 39.)=
+
+=2 Supports, diaphragm, A81-1-428. (See fig. 47.)=
+
+=6 Springs, R81-1-922 (for socket). (See fig. 35.8.)=
+
+=6 Washers, backing, R81-1-924 (brass washer for socket).
+(See fig. 35.8.)=
+
+=12 Washers, B81-1-923 (synthetic rubber washer for
+socket). (See fig. 35.8.)=
+
+=6 Caps, plug, B81-1-926 (with chain) (dust cap for plug).
+(See fig. 35.3.)=
+
+=12 Nuts, wing, A81-1-877. (See fig. 35.4.)=
+
+=2 Army Service Forces Catalogs CW 6-445115, Sets of Tools,
+Equipment, and Similar Material: Kit, service, for Portable
+Flame Thrower, M2-2.=
+
+=2 Army Service Forces Catalogs CW 7-440114, Organizational
+Spare Parts and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons:
+for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2.=
+
+=2 War Department Technical Manuals 3-376A, Portable
+Flame Thrower M2-2.=
+
+
+=49. LUBRICATION.=
+
+_a. Gun group._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(2) _Frequency of lubrication._ The surfaces of * * * lubricated
+before reassembly. =Do not soak or wash the spring case
+assembly in solvent because this may remove the grease
+which is factory packed in the spring case assembly. This
+grease cannot be replaced. To clean spring case assembly,
+wide outside surfaces with cloth saturated with solvent.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=53. SERVICE WHEN FILLING AND CHARGING.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_d. Testing for leaks in pressure system._ After charging and
+* * * to test pressure. (Fig. 32.) To install gage, unscrew
+check-valve cap, =moisten end of check valve with water or saliva=,
+and screw gage in check-valve body. =Use of water or saliva as
+lubricant prevents cutting of the rubber washer by the check
+valve.= If pressure has * * * and then retested.
+
+
+=66. PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLY.=
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ The pressure tank * * * assembly
+(Fig. 33) includes:
+
+(1) _Pressure tank._ The pressure tank * * * the fuel tanks. =The
+pressure-tank clamp may be adjusted to different outside diameters of
+pressure tanks by means of a nut and screw tightening device (fig.
+35.1) or by means of a stepped ring at end of clamp.=
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.1. (Added.) Adjustable pressure tank clamp,
+showing use of nut and screw tightening device.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_b. Removal._ (Fig. 33.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(2) _Removal procedure._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(_h_) (Added). To remove check valve, unscrew check valve cap and
+check valve body, using wrenches.
+
+_c. Installation._ (Figs. 33 and 39.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+(7) (Added). To install check valve, apply thread compound lightly to
+threads of cheek valve body and screw into opening in pressure-tank
+valve. Tighten check valve body in position, using wrench. Screw check
+valve cap on check valve body and tighten with wrench.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=66.1 DETACHABLE PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLIES= (Added).
+
+Newly developed detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies provide
+an improved and speedier method of servicing M2-2 portable flame
+throwers in forward combat zones.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._
+
+(1) Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies (figs. 35.2 and
+35.3) are used in modified flame throwers. They make it unnecessary to
+replace empty complete tank groups with filled and charged complete
+tank groups.
+
+(2) Replacement of complete tank group, however, may be preferred when
+an extra supply of tank groups is available, or if thickened fuel is
+too stringy and viscous to pour.
+
+(3) Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies can be attached only
+to flame throwers which include sockets (figs. 35.2 and 35.3) and
+shortened regulator tubes. Flame throwers produced recently include
+this design modification.
+
+(4) A plug and cap (fig. 35.3) on detachable pressure tank and valve
+assembly replace tube elbow (fig. 33) used on nondetachable pressure
+tank and valve assembly.
+
+_b. Removal._ Care must be taken to prevent damage to connections
+during removal and installation. The procedure for removal of pressure
+tank and valve assembly is as follows:
+
+(1) Close pressure-tank valve. Press valve lever and safety grip on gun
+to release all pressure from fuel system and gun.
+
+(2) Unscrew wing nut from valve flexible shaft. (See fig. 35.4.) Be
+careful not to misplace wing nut.
+
+(3) Pull clamp and shaft from stud which is welded on fuel tank.
+
+(4) With one hand under pressure tank, unclamp but do not fully open
+pressure-tank clamp.
+
+(5) Supporting pressure tank valve with top of right hand, push knurled
+socket in and away from pressure tank valve. Left hand may be placed
+at back of regulator tube so that tube does not bend away from socket.
+(See fig. 35.5.) Pull out pressure tank and valve assembly.
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.2. (Added.) Pressure system disassembled,
+showing removable pressure tank and valve assembly, nomenclature, and
+Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers.]
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.3. (Added.) Detachable pressure tank and valve
+assembly, connected to modified regulator tube assembly.]
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.4. (Added.) Removing wing nut to free valve
+flexible shaft.]
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.5. (Added.) Pushing knurled socket away from
+pressure tank, permitting pressure tank and valve assembly to be
+removed from tank group.]
+
+(6) Put cap as far as it will go over opening of the plug. (See fig.
+35.6.) This prevents dust and other foreign matter from entering empty
+pressure tank.
+
+(7) Flame thrower is now ready to receive a charged pressure tank and
+valve assembly. (See fig. 35.7.)
+
+_c. Installation._ To install a charged or replacement detachable
+pressure tank and valve assembly, proceed as follows:
+
+(1) Remove dust cap from plug of charged pressure tank and valve
+assembly. (Never open pressure-tank valve with cap on plug.)
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.6. (Added.) Pressure tank and valve assembly
+with dust cap over plug opening.]
+
+(2) Support socket and tube with left hand and insert plug in socket
+with right hand. If tube is not supported, it is difficult to lock the
+plug in the socket and it is possible that tube may become bent. Press
+bottom of tank until plug snaps into socket. Test by attempting to pull
+tank and plug from socket. Plug must not pull out; if it does, insert
+again and press bottom of tank. Grasp knurled collar of socket and test
+for end play. If collar slides freely back and forth on socket, the
+connection is not tight and plug should be pressed in farther.
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.7. (Added.) Tank group, ready to receive a
+charged pressure tank and valve assembly.]
+
+(3) Replace small clamp (valve-stem clamp) over stud projecting from
+fuel tank, and screw wing nut on stud to secure valve flexible shaft in
+place. Do not use wrench on wing nut.
+
+_d. Maintenance._ Follow maintenance instructions given in paragraph
+66. In addition, if leaks occur and signs of wear are visible, carry
+out the following procedures:
+
+(1) _Worn washer._ Replace synthetic rubber washer by disassembling
+socket (fig. 35.8), prying out washer, placing new washer in position,
+and reassembling socket.
+
+[Illustration: FIGURE 35.8. (Added.) Cutaway view of socket
+and plug. Disassembly is permitted only as directed in paragraph 66.1.]
+
+(2) _Damaged plug._ Repair damaged or nicked end of plug by filing plug
+end square and smooth. File off as little as possible. Test for leakage
+at socket by installing pressure tank and valve assembly, as in c
+above, and then opening pressure-tank valve. If leak persists at joint
+between socket and plug, replace plug by unscrewing old plug, screwing
+new plug in position, and tightening with wrench. Replace entire plug.
+Do not attempt to unscrew the cylindrical portion from the square
+portion.
+
+
+=67. PRESSURE REGULATOR.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_e. Maintenance_ (Added).
+
+(1) _Spring type (Hoke) pressure regulator._ Except for adjustment to
+increase or decrease pressure, do not attempt to maintain or repair the
+spring type (Hoke) pressure regulator. If damaged or defective, it must
+be replaced by a dome type (Grove) pressure regulator.
+
+(2) _Dome type (Grove) pressure regulator (B81-1-778)._ Replacement
+parts for maintaining the dome type (Grove) regulator are available for
+use by chemical maintenance companies, as shown in Army Service Forces
+Catalog CW 9-440114, List of All Service Parts and Higher Echelon Spare
+Parts for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2 (25 November 1944).
+
+
+=74. VALVE GRIP.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_c. Installing valve grip._
+
+(1) Place grip safety * * * right valve grip. (Fig. 48.) =Do not
+accidentally place the lower forward extension of the grip safety
+over the lower rear extension of the valve lever. If this overlapping
+occurs, the small projection at the bottom of the grip safety may be
+broken off.= Be sure the * * * of grip safety.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+=77. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE.=
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_c. Class of supply_ (Added). The portable flame thrower is a class IV
+supply item.
+
+
+=78. REFERENCES.=
+
+Reference pertaining to * * * flame throwers include:
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  TM 9-850 Cleaning, Preserving, Lubricating * * * the Ordnance
+  Department
+
+  =TM 3-377, Compressor, Air, Gasoline Engine-driven, 7CFM, M1 (For
+  Charging Flame Throwers and Cylinders)=
+
+  =TB CW 18, Kit, Fuel Filling, Flame Thrower, E6 (for filling
+  mechanized and portable flame throwers)[A]=
+
+  =TB CW 20, Cleaning Interiors of Compressed Gas Cylinders, Tanks, and
+  Accessories[A]=
+
+  =TB ENG 39, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases[A]=
+
+  =ASF Catalog CW 7-440114, Organizational Spare Parts and Equipment:
+  1st and 2d Echelons: for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2 (25 November
+  1944)=
+
+  =ASF Catalog CW 9-440114, List of all Service Parts and Higher
+  Echelon Spare Parts for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2=
+
+  =ASF Catalog CW 6-445115, Sets of Tools, Equipment, and Similar
+  Material: Kit, Service, for Portable Flame Thrower, M2-2=
+
+  =ASF Catalog CW 9-445115, List of all Parts and Higher Echelon Spare
+  Parts for Kit, Service, for Portable Flame Thrower, M2-2=
+
+  =FS 3-33, Portable Flame Thrower M2-2, Part 1, Nomenclature and
+  Operation.=
+
+
+  Footnote:
+
+  [A] Technical Bulletins are to be superseded by appropriate War
+  Department manuals or changes to manuals.
+
+[AG 300.7 (11 Apr 45)]
+
+BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR:
+
+OFFICIAL:
+
+  G. C. MARSHALL
+  _Chief of Staff_
+
+  J. A. ULIO
+  _Major General_
+  _The Adjutant General_
+
+
+DISTRIBUTION:
+
+  AAF (Cml O) (10); AGF (Cml O) (10); ASF (2); T of Opn (Cml O) (10);
+  Arm & Sv Bds (1); Def Comd (2); S Div ASF (1); Tech Sv (2) except
+  CWS (45); SvC (Cml O) (4); PE (Attn: Cml O) (2); Sub-PE (Cml O) (2);
+  PG (2); Ars 3 (2); ASF Dep (CW Sec) (2); ASF Dep (2); Dep 3 (2); Pro
+  Dist 3 (2); Tech Sv C (2); USMA (20); Tng C (2); A (2); CHQ (5); B
+  (1); R (5); Bn 2 (2), 3 (5), 7, 17 (2); C 2 (2), 3 (5), 7, 17 (2);
+  AF (2); W (Cml O) (1); Five (5) copies to each of the following: T/O
+  & E 5-15; 5-16; 5-17; 5-35; 5-36; 5-37; 5-171; 5-175; 5-176; 5-192;
+  5-215; 5-216; 5-217; 5-235; 5-236; 5-238; 5-475T; 5-476T; 5-477T.
+
+Refer to FM 21-6 for explanation of distribution formula.
+
+
+
+
+TABLE OF CONTENTS
+
+
+PART ONE
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+                                                   _Paragraph_  _Page_
+
+  SECTION I. GENERAL
+    Scope                                               1         1
+    Records                                             2         1
+
+
+  SECTION II. DESCRIPTION AND DATA
+    Uses of flame throwers                              3         1
+    Characteristics and employment                      4         4
+    Description and functioning                         5         6
+    Identification information                          6         9
+    Differences in models                               7         9
+    Interchanging parts with M1 or M1A1 flame thrower   8         9
+    Data                                                9         9
+
+
+  SECTION III. TOOLS, PARTS, AND ACCESSORIES
+    Items with each flame thrower                      10        11
+
+
+PART TWO
+
+OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
+
+
+  SECTION IV. GENERAL
+    Scope                                              11        14
+
+
+  SECTION V. SERVICE UPON RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT
+    New equipment                                      12        14
+    Used equipment                                     13        15
+
+
+  SECTION VI. CONTROLS
+    Controls                                           14        15
+
+
+  SECTION VII. OPERATION UNDER USUAL CONDITIONS
+    Training                                           15        16
+    Charging, filling, and servicing                   16        16
+    Connecting tank group and gun group                17        16
+    Loading with ignition cylinder                     18        17
+    Carrying the tank group                            19        21
+    Carrying the gun                                   20        21
+    Opening pressure-tank valve                        21        22
+    Ranges                                             22        22
+    Wind deflection                                    23        22
+    Firing positions                                   24        23
+    Aiming                                             25        23
+    Firing                                             26        23
+    Ceasing or interrupting fire                       27        26
+    Additional bursts                                  28        26
+    Soaking the target                                 29        26
+    After firing                                       30        26
+
+
+  SECTION VIII. AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
+    Ignition cylinder                                  31        27
+    Charging pressure tank                             32        28
+    Precautions when pressure-charging                 33        32
+    Characteristics of fuels                           34        33
+    Preparation of thickened fuels                     35        34
+    Preparation of liquid fuels                        36        38
+    Filling by pouring                                 37        39
+    Filling by force pump                              38        40
+    Filling by blowing                                 39        40
+    Precautions with fuels                             40        43
+
+
+  SECTION IX. OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS
+    Wet conditions                                     41        44
+    Dust and mud                                       42        44
+    Heat                                               43        44
+    Cold                                               44        45
+    Wind                                               45        45
+
+
+  SECTION X. DEMOLITION TO PREVENT ENEMY USE
+    Destruction procedure                              46        45
+
+
+PART THREE
+
+MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
+
+
+  SECTION XI. GENERAL
+    Scope                                              47        46
+
+
+  SECTION XII. SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL TOOLS
+    AND EQUIPMENT
+    Service kit                                        48        46
+
+
+  SECTION XIII. LUBRICATION
+    Lubrication                                        49        49
+
+
+  SECTION XIV. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SERVICES
+    General                                            50        49
+    Before-operation service of tank group             51        50
+    Before-operation service of gun group              52        50
+    Service when filling and charging                  53        52
+    Service when firing                                54        53
+    Service after firing                               55        53
+    Service after six firing missions                  56        54
+
+
+  SECTION XV. TROUBLE SHOOTING
+    Precautions                                        57        55
+    Fuel leaks                                         58        55
+    Safety head “blows” (breaks)                       59        56
+    Carrier uncomfortable                              60        56
+    Short range                                        61        56
+    Fuel-valve failure                                 62        57
+    Failure of ignition cylinder to ignite             63        57
+    Failure of fuel to ignite                          64        58
+
+
+  SECTION XVI. TANK GROUP
+    General                                            65        58
+    Pressure tank and valve assembly                   66        59
+    Pressure regulator                                 67        63
+    Fuel-tank assembly                                 68        65
+    Filling and safety-head plug assemblies            69        67
+    Tank coupling                                      70        69
+    Carrier                                            71        71
+
+
+  SECTION XVII. GUN GROUP
+    General                                            72        74
+    Fuel-hose assembly                                 73        74
+    Valve grip                                         74        75
+    Barrel and valve-body assembly                     75        77
+    Ignition head                                      76        82
+
+
+APPENDIX
+
+
+  SECTION XVIII. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE
+    Shipment and storage                               77        86
+
+
+  SECTION XIX. LIST OF REFERENCES
+    References                                         78        87
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+[Illustration: Fig 1. Portable flame thrower M2-2.]
+
+
+
+
+PART ONE
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+
+
+Section I GENERAL
+
+
+1. SCOPE.
+
+_a. Arrangement._ This manual is published to guide and inform
+personnel using and maintaining flame thrower, portable, M2-2. Part One
+contains general information; Part Two is a guide to operation; Part
+Three gives maintenance procedures. The Appendix discusses shipment and
+storage procedures, and applicable publications.
+
+_b. References._ References are listed in the Appendix. The
+list includes field manuals, technical manuals, and Army Regulations.
+
+
+2. RECORDS.
+
+Although no standard maintenance forms and records are furnished,
+an improvised list should be kept of the number of times each flame
+thrower has been fired. The list indicates when it is necessary to
+provide the after-six-missions preventive maintenance and lubrication.
+It should be tacked or glued to the inside surface of the packing-chest
+lid and each flame thrower should always be returned to its own chest.
+
+
+
+
+Section II DESCRIPTION AND DATA
+
+
+3. USES OF FLAME THROWERS.
+
+Flame throwers can:
+
+_a. Penetrate openings_, such as embrasures
+and gun ports, and fill the fortifications with flame and
+smoke.
+
+_b. Burn, asphyxiate, and blind enemy personnel_, causing casualties,
+shock, panic, and abandonment of a fortified position.
+
+_c. Ignite combustible parts of shelters and materiel_ and start
+detonation of sensitive ammunition and explosives.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 2. Firing with liquid fuel.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 3. Firing with thickened fuel. Thickened fuel
+has longer range than liquid fuel and burns on target for several
+minutes.]
+
+_d._ “_Shoot around corners_,” when fuel is fired from dead or
+blind angles. This is made possible by the billowing and swirling
+movements of flaming gases. Blazing thickened fuels also
+ricochet from wall to wall in fortifications.
+
+_e. Cause the enemy to close ports_, temporarily putting the emplacement
+out of action and thus protecting the demolition party.
+
+_f. Mop up_ dug-in personnel.
+
+_g. Eliminate enemy nests_ in street or jungle fighting.
+
+
+4. CHARACTERISTICS AND EMPLOYMENT.
+
+_a. Action._ Fuel is propelled into the target by a charge of
+highly compressed air or nitrogen. As fuel leaves the gun of the
+M2-2 portable flame thrower (Fig 1), it is ignited by contact with
+flame from charges of incendiary mix held in an expendable ignition
+cylinder.
+
+_b. Bursts._ A continuous stream or separate bursts may be
+fired for approximately 8 to 9 seconds, not including time between
+the bursts. The five incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder
+are controlled by the trigger and can ignite several bursts.
+
+_c. Range._ Portable flame throwers are fired at extremely
+close or point-blank range for best results. (Par 22) Effective
+range for liquid fuels (Fig 2) is as far as 20 yards, and for thickened
+fuels (Fig 3), 40 yards, but underbrush and adverse winds
+can reduce the distances.
+
+_d. Weight._ To keep the weight as light as possible and still
+provide strength to withstand very high pressures, most parts
+are made of aluminum or sheet steel.
+
+_e. Tactics._ Two or more flame throwers are generally used
+on a mission with other weapons of the assault squad. (See FM
+31-50, “Attack on a Fortified Position and Combat in Towns.”)
+
+_f. Firers and assistants._ One man carries and fires each
+flame thrower. Well-armed assistants accompany firers to give
+close protection and to serve as emergency replacements.
+Whereas the M1A1 portable flame thrower may require the help
+of an assistant to open the pressure-tank valve, the M2-2 flame
+thrower pressure-tank valve is located within reach of the firer
+and is operated by him without assistance. Firers and assistants
+should be thoroughly trained in operation of the weapon.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 4. Tank group.]
+
+_g. Charging and filling._ In order to replace pressure tanks
+(cylinders) of earlier types of flame throwers, it is necessary to
+unscrew and screw threaded connections. Experience has shown that this
+frequently resulted in damage to threads, leakage, loss of pressure,
+and loss of range. It is also necessary to use tools to replace
+each pressure tank (cylinder). The design of the M2-2 flame thrower
+eliminates these difficulties. The tank group (Fig 4) may be charged
+and filled as a unit with or without gun and hose. The quick-connecting
+tank coupling permits rapid interchanging of empty and full tank groups
+by the firers or assistants. This is done without tools, takes very
+little time, and cannot cause leakage, loss of pressure, and loss of
+range due to damaged threads.
+
+
+5. DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONING.
+
+The flame thrower consists of two major groups: tank group and
+gun group. Detailed descriptions of assemblies and parts are
+included in Paragraphs 66 through 76.
+
+_a. Tank group._ (Figs 4 and 5) Carried upon the firer’s back,
+the tank group holds fuel and pressure. The tank group may be
+identified as tank, fuel, portable flame thrower, M2, assembly
+D81-1-482. It consists principally of:
+
+(1) _Two fuel tanks_, holding a total of 4 gallons of fuel, and
+joined by a tank connector to form a single fuel reservoir.
+
+(2) _Pressure tank_, charged with highly compressed air or
+nitrogen used to propel fuel from the fuel tanks through the gun
+to the target. The tank is large in capacity to assure ample pressure
+and uniformly long range throughout the firing.
+
+(3) _Pressure-tank valve_, which releases air or nitrogen
+through the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks. The valve can
+be opened by the firer without the assistance required in the case
+of the M1A1 flame thrower.
+
+(4) _Pressure regulator_, which automatically assures delivery
+of air or nitrogen to the fuel tanks at the proper pressure. The
+regulator is located in a position where it cannot easily be damaged.
+
+(5) _Carrier_, which supports the tank group on the firer’s back
+and shoulders and secures it to his body. It includes body and
+shoulder straps and quick-releasing fasteners.
+
+_b. Gun group._ (Fig 6) Carried, aimed, and operated by the
+hands of the firer, the gun group ignites the fuel and directs the
+flame into the target. It includes:
+
+(1) _Fuel hose_, which conveys fuel from the tank group to the
+gun. The fuel hose may be requisitioned as hose, fuel, portable
+flame thrower, M1, assembly B81-1-498.
+
+(2) _Gun_, which ignites the fuel and directs it to the target.
+The gun may be identified as gun, portable flame thrower,
+M2, assembly D81-1-405. It consists of:
+
+(_a_) _Fuel valve_, which discharges fuel through the barrel.
+The valve is operated by squeezing the valve lever and the grip
+safety, which are on opposite sides of the valve grip. The valve
+also includes a barrel from which the fuel is ejected. The ignition
+head is supported on the front of the barrel.
+
+(_b_) _Ignition head_, which ignites the fuel as it passes
+from the nozzle of the barrel. With each pull of the trigger on the
+front grip, one of five charges of incendiary mix in an ignition
+cylinder is ignited. This pilot flame ignites the fuel as it is
+propelled from the gun.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 5. Tank group with carrier folded back to show
+construction.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 6. Gun group of portable flame thrower M2-2.]
+
+
+6. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION.
+
+The words “Chemical Warfare Service,” model numbers, serial
+numbers, lot numbers, weight, cubage, manufacturers’ names,
+contract number, and date of packing are indicated on the packing
+chest or the equipment. The numbers and letters shown on the
+equipment should be referred to when repairs are required. The
+tank group and the gun (without the fuel hose) may each be marked
+“M2” and the fuel hose may be marked “M1,” although all of
+these are components of the M2-2 portable flame thrower.
+
+
+7. DIFFERENCES IN MODELS.
+
+_a. M2-2 and E3 portable flame throwers._ Portable flame
+thrower M2-2 is identical in all important respects with portable
+flame thrower E3. (The E3 flame thrower, when standardized
+with some modifications, became the M2-2.) Operation and maintenance
+of the M2-2 and E3 are in general the same, and the parts
+are interchangeable.
+
+_b. M2-2, M1, and M1A1 portable flame throwers._ Portable
+flame thrower M2-2 has the same fuel capacity but differs in
+construction from portable flame throwers M1 and M1A1. Parts
+are not interchangeable except as stated in Paragraph 8.
+
+
+8. INTERCHANGING PARTS WITH M1 OR M1A1 FLAME THROWER.
+
+To use an M2-2 gun with tank group (fuel unit) of an M1 or M1A1
+portable flame thrower:
+
+_a._ Remove fuel hose from M2-2 gun.
+
+_b._ Screw a 3/4-inch by 1/2-inch pipe bushing into the side
+opening of the fuel-valve body. This bushing is furnished in the
+spare parts kit of each M2-2 portable flame thrower. (Par 10)
+
+_c._ Screw the fuel-hose assembly of the M1 or M1A1 flame
+thrower into the 1/2-inch opening of the bushing, using a wrench
+to make a tight connection.
+
+
+9. DATA.
+
+All data are approximate.
+
+_a. Range._ See Paragraph 22.
+
+_b. Duration of fire._
+
+(1) _Fuel_.
+
+(_a_) Continuous discharge of approximately 8 to 9 seconds,
+or
+
+(_b_) Several short bursts totalling approximately 8 to 9 seconds
+(not including time between bursts).
+
+(2) _Ignition cylinder._ Five charges in each cylinder, 8 to 12
+seconds per charge.
+
+_c. Weights._
+
+                                                       _Pounds_
+  Portable flame thrower M2-2, empty, in shipping
+    chest (including the chest and all contents)        110
+  Portable flame thrower M2-2, empty                     43
+  Portable flame thrower M2-2, filled with fuel       68 to 72
+  Tank group, empty                                      35
+  Tank group, filled with fuel                        60 to 64
+  Gun group                                               8
+
+_d. Dimensions._
+
+                                                     _Inches_
+  Gun, length                                            30
+  Fuel hose, length                                      37
+  Tank group, height                                     27
+  Tank group, width                                      20
+  Tank group, breadth                                    11
+  Packing chest                                  34 x 23 x 19
+    (Cube of packing chest: 8-1/2 cubic feet)
+
+_e. Capacity of weapon._
+
+  Ignition cylinder (M1 or E1)     1 (which includes 5 incendiary
+                                     charges)
+  Fuel                             4 gallons plus void for air or
+                                     nitrogen
+
+_f. Pressures._
+
+                                             _Pounds per sq. in._
+  Pressure tank                                  1,700 to 2,100
+  Fuel tanks                                          350
+
+_g. Ratio of expended supplies._ For every 100 complete fillings
+of the flame thrower, the following supplies are normally expended:
+
+  (1) Nitrogen contained in fifteen 220-cubic-foot cylinders or an
+  equivalent volume of compressed air. (Eleven cylinders are expended
+  if the four-place arrangement described in Paragraph 32 is used.)
+
+  (2) 450 gallons of fuel (400 gallons plus 50 gallons for spillage,
+  spoilage, and evaporation).
+
+  (3) 100 ignition cylinders.
+
+  (4) If thickened fuel is used, 135 pounds (in cans of 5-1/4 pounds
+  each) of U. S. Army fuel thickener.
+
+
+
+
+Section III TOOLS, PARTS, AND ACCESSORIES
+
+
+10. ITEMS WITH EACH FLAME THROWER.
+
+The items listed below or their equivalents (Fig 7) are included
+in each M2-2 flame-thrower packing chest, in addition to the flame
+thrower. Numbers listed with items are Chemical Warfare Service stock
+numbers.
+
+_a. Kit, tool, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly B81-6-50._
+
+_b. Kit, spare parts, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly
+B81-6-52._
+
+_c. Cylinder, ignition, portable flame thrower M1._ (6 cylinders, in 3
+cans containing 2 each)
+
+_d. Technical Manual 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower M2-2._”
+
+_e. Gun mounting board._ (Fig 10)
+
+_f. Plug, coupling, E81-1-514_ (for use in tank coupling when filling
+tank group with gun detached).
+
+[Illustration: Fig 7. Items packed in chest with each flame thrower:
+A—Spare parts kit; B—Packing list; C—Three cans of ignition cylinders;
+D—Tool kit; E—Coupling plug; F—TM 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower
+M2-2.”]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 8. Contents of tool kit:
+
+
+  A. 1 Screw driver, cabinet, 4-1/2-inch blade length, 3/16-inch blade
+    diameter, H22-50-13.
+  B. 1 Wrench, hex, 1/8-inch across flats for 1/4-inch socket-head set
+    screws, H22-49-12.
+  C. 1 Wrench, engineers’, double head, 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch openings,
+    9 inches approx length, H22-49-115.
+  D. 1 Screw driver, common, 6-inch blade length, 5/16-inch blade
+    diameter, H22-50-6.
+  E. 1 Wrench, valve-adjusting, assembly, A81-6-48.
+  F. 1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-1/2-inch openings, 12 inches
+    approx length, H22-49-113.
+  G. 1 Wrench, engineers’, single head, 1-1/8 inch opening, 10-1/2
+    inches approx length, H22-49-31.
+  H. 1 Wrench, adjustable, single end, 6 inches approx length (crescent
+    type), H22-49-67.
+  I. 1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-3/4-inch openings, 12 inches
+    approx length, A81-6-49.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 9. Contents of spare parts kit:
+
+  A. 1 Diaphragm, valve, assembly, A81-1-416.
+  B. 1 Case, spring, assembly, B81-1-444.
+  C. 1 Bushing, pipe, head, 3/4-inch by 1/2-inch (galvanized iron),
+    H98-5-93.
+  D. 2 Washers, coupling, A81-1-513.
+  E. 3 Heads, safety, R81-1-561.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 10. Packing chest open, with gun on mounting board.
+Tool kit, spare parts kit, and cans of ignition cylinders in boxes at
+right.]
+
+
+
+
+PART TWO
+
+OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
+
+
+
+
+Section IV GENERAL
+
+
+11. SCOPE.
+
+Part Two of this manual is for the guidance of operating personnel. It
+includes information on the controls and on operation.
+
+
+
+
+Section V SERVICE UPON RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT
+
+
+12. NEW EQUIPMENT.
+
+Upon receipt of a new flame thrower, the following procedure should be
+carried out:
+
+_a._ Cut packing-chest steel straps and seals with pliers.
+
+_b._ Remove the screws, if present, from top of chest.
+
+_c._ Open two latches at front of chest.
+
+_d._ Lift lid backward and connect chain from inside of chest to inside
+of lid.
+
+_e._ Remove moistureproof paper.
+
+_f._ Remove gun from carton. After removing waterproofing tape from
+ends of hose, connect hose and gun. (Par 17)
+
+_g._ Remove mounting board and place gun with hose on the board as
+shown in Figure 10.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 11. Screwing deflector tube in safety head on left
+fuel tank.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 12. Controls for operation of portable flame thrower
+M2-2.]
+
+_h._ Remove spare parts kit, tool kit, cans of ignition cylinders, and
+other items from packing chest.
+
+_i._ Compare contents with packing list found in or on packing chest.
+Inspect all contents carefully for completeness, correct adjustment,
+and good condition.
+
+_j._ Insert deflector tube in safety head on left fuel tank. (Fig 11)
+Outlet should face to rear and at a 45-degree angle to operator’s left
+shoulder. (Fig 18) Screw in deflector tube by hand; do not use wrench
+on deflector tube. Tighten lock nut with wrench.
+
+_k._ Before use on a mission, test-fire the weapon. (Par 56 _b_)
+
+_l._ Save the packing chest for storage of the equipment when flame
+thrower is not being carried on a firing mission or serviced.
+
+
+13. USED EQUIPMENT.
+
+When they apply, the same steps should be taken as in Paragraph 12. Any
+worn or damaged parts should be replaced. Areas where paint has worn
+off should be touched up with fresh paint.
+
+
+
+
+Section VI CONTROLS
+
+
+14. CONTROLS.
+
+The firer uses the pressure-tank valve handle, the trigger, and the
+valve lever and grip safety (Fig 12) in succession as follows:
+
+_a. Valve handle._ The pressure-tank valve is operated by turning
+a handle on the valve flexible shaft within reach of the firer.
+Counterclockwise operation of handle releases pressure to the
+fuel tanks. Clockwise turning closes the valve.
+
+_b. Trigger._ The trigger is at the front grip of the gun. Pulling
+the trigger vigorously ignites an incendiary charge in the ignition
+cylinder. This in turn ignites the fuel as it leaves the gun. The
+trigger action also causes the ignition cylinder to revolve one-fifth
+of a turn, presenting another charge for firing. Each of the
+five charges may thus be used in rapid succession, if necessary,
+by pulling the trigger vigorously as many as five times.
+
+_c. Valve lever and grip safety._ The valve lever and grip safety
+are mounted on opposite sides of the valve grip of the gun. When
+both controls are compressed, fuel is propelled from the gun. If
+either the valve lever or the grip safety is not compressed, the
+fuel valve remains closed and the fuel remains in the weapon.
+
+
+
+
+Section VII OPERATION UNDER USUAL CONDITIONS
+
+
+15. TRAINING.
+
+Effective use of the M2-2 portable flame thrower can be achieved only
+by diligent practice with the weapon. Untrained firers or assistants
+should never be sent on a mission.
+
+_a. Practice._ Firers should practice under varying conditions of
+wind, range, elevation, depression, and traverse. The shortness of the
+total firing time (approximately 8 to 9 seconds) demands split-second
+judgment and coordination.
+
+_b. Use of water in training._ Water may be used (instead of fuel) for
+elementary practice firing. Ignition cylinders are not used with water.
+The water under pressure may cause serious injuries to personnel at 10
+yards. After practice with water, the gun should be disassembled (Pars
+73 through 76), cleaned and dried piece by piece, and lubricated. (Par
+49)
+
+_c. Use of fuel in training._ When using fuel in training, select or
+prepare a practice field of fire which provides at least 125 yards for
+range and 30 yards for spread. If the field contains dry grass, brush,
+or other flammable material, a fire-fighting squad should be available
+with equipment and source of water. Assistants and observers should
+stay well behind the firer because of danger from wind shifts. See
+Paragraph 40 for additional precautions.
+
+
+16. CHARGING, FILLING, AND SERVICING.
+
+Before use on missions or for training, flame throwers must be charged,
+filled, and serviced. Charging with compressed air or compressed
+nitrogen is described in Paragraphs 32 and 33; filling with fuel in
+Paragraphs 34 through 40; and servicing in Paragraphs 50 through 56.
+Test for pressure. (Par 53 _d_)
+
+
+17. CONNECTING TANK GROUP AND GUN GROUP.
+
+If a charged and filled tank group has been brought up to replace an
+emptied one:
+
+_a._ Place the new tank group on the ground with the tank coupling on
+top. If the filling is thickened fuel, allow the tank group to rest in
+this position for from 1 to 2 minutes.
+
+_b._ Remove coupling plug from new tank group and disconnect gun group
+from emptied tank group. Place unthreaded end of fuel hose in tank
+coupling and lock in place. (Par 70)
+
+_c._ Lock the coupling plug in the emptied tank group.
+
+
+18. LOADING WITH IGNITION CYLINDER.
+
+_a. General._ Just before the start of a mission, load an unused
+ignition cylinder into the ignition head. (M1 and E1 ignition cylinders
+are identical and may be used interchangeably.) Cylinders are packed
+two to a can. Do not open cans until ready to load for a mission. The
+second cylinder in the can should be used in another flame thrower on
+the same mission or as soon as possible after opening the can. Partly
+used cylinders may be employed in training.
+
+_b. Precautions._ Care must be taken, whenever cylinders are handled,
+to avoid any blows or pressure against the metal match ends. (Fig 13)
+Face, hands, and other parts of the body should never be exposed to
+front of cylinder or front of gun.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 13. Ignition cylinder before use.]
+
+_c. Procedure._ Loading procedure is as follows:
+
+(1) Unscrew and remove ignition shield. (Fig 14)
+
+(2) Place ignition cylinder on end of barrel (Fig 15), being careful
+not to grasp cylinder by its ends.
+
+(3) Raise nozzle end of gun so cylinder slides down against the spring
+case of the ignition head. (Fig 16) If necessary, rotate cylinder so it
+slips down all the way. Do not force cylinder into place as forcing may
+prematurely ignite it.
+
+(4) Rotate spring case and ignition cylinder clockwise as far as they
+turn freely.
+
+(5) Place ignition shield over cylinder. Engage the slot in the shield
+on the spring-case pin.
+
+(6) Turn shield, screwing it onto ignition-head body. Make sure the
+threads engage during the first turn of the shield. When the slot on
+the shield engages the latch on the ignition head (Fig 17), the gun is
+loaded.
+
+(7) If shield cannot be turned by hand tight enough to engage latch,
+unscrew shield. Then turn shield backwards until threads engage and
+repeat (6) above.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 14. Unscrewing ignition shield, with pressure on
+latch.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 15. Placing ignition cylinder on gun. Care must be
+taken to avoid striking or pushing metal matches of cylinder.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 16. Ignition cylinder in place on gun before
+replacement of ignition shield.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 17. Ignition head assembled for firing of gun.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 18. Tank group adjusted on firer.]
+
+
+19. CARRYING THE TANK GROUP.
+
+The tanks are supported on the firer’s back and secured to it by two
+shoulder straps and two pairs of body straps. (Fig 18) The straps may
+be adjusted by the buckles to fit the operator. The shoulder straps
+pass over the shoulders and under the arm pits; the lower body straps
+are clasped tightly in front of the body; and the upper body straps are
+clasped across the chest to prevent the shoulder straps from slipping
+and the tank group from rolling off the back. Adjustments to the
+various straps should be made until the unit is carried with the bottom
+of the fuel tanks at the small of the operator’s back. The tank group
+should fit snugly so that it does not shift if the operator changes
+position quickly.
+
+
+20. CARRYING THE GUN.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 19. Carrying the gun, with hands in position to
+fire.]
+
+The procedure for carrying the gun is as follows:
+
+_a._ Carry the gun with the hose at the right side. (Fig 19)
+
+_b._ Grasp the valve grip with the right hand and the front grip with
+the left hand, being careful not to operate the controls until ready to
+fire.
+
+_c._ Keep the gun pointed away from friendly personnel at all times.
+
+_d._ Do not face the front of the gun at any time. Even when no fuel
+is being ejected, the incendiary charges of the ignition cylinder can
+cause severe burns.
+
+_e._ Keep the gun dry and clean if possible. Avoid getting dirt or
+foreign matter into the weapon.
+
+_f._ Avoid rough handling.
+
+_g._ Wear gloves if available.
+
+_h._ Carry any extra ignition cylinders only in metal containers.
+
+
+21. OPENING PRESSURE-TANK VALVE.
+
+The release of pressure into the fuel tank causes a hissing sound.
+Therefore, open the pressure-tank valve while still out of hearing
+range of the enemy. Do not, however, open it prematurely because of
+the possibility of pressure leaks. To prevent frothing of the fuel,
+keep the tank group in as nearly an upright position as possible when
+opening pressure-tank valve. Be sure to turn the valve handle all the
+way in a counterclockwise direction. Stiffening of the fuel hose occurs
+when the pressure-tank valve is opened.
+
+
+22. RANGES.
+
+Firers and assistants should learn to judge ranges by frequent practice
+under varying conditions. The firers should be trained to approach
+as close as practicable to the target and to fire if possible at
+point-blank range for the greatest results.
+
+_a. Point-blank range._
+
+(1) _Effects._ At very close (point-blank) range almost all of the
+burning fuel can be fired at great velocity directly through ports and
+openings into the target. Maximum casualties and damage are caused in
+the hostile position.
+
+(2) _Protection._ Common sense precautions are taken to prevent
+casualties to friendly personnel from possible ricochet or rebounding
+of flame. If the target includes a vertical wall at a right angle
+to the firer or other friendly personnel, the weapon should not be
+fired at closer than 7 to 10 yards. When the weapon is fired at small
+openings in a bunker or pillbox, the firer and other members of the
+assault squad should not approach closer than 7 to 10 yards from the
+target.
+
+_b. Other effective ranges._
+
+(1) _Open fields of fire._ When thickened gasoline is used, portable
+flame throwers may fire with considerable effect as far as 40 yards
+under normal conditions, depending on wind direction and wind speed.
+Under the same conditions, liquid fuel maybe effective at 20 yards.
+Results and accuracy are not as great as at point-blank range.
+
+(2) _Jungle or thick underbrush._ If the target is located in jungle or
+thick underbrush without cleared fields of fire, the effective range of
+the flame thrower is reduced by as much as one half, depending on the
+nature and density of the vegetation.
+
+_c. Ineffective ranges._ Although the flame may reach considerably
+farther than the ranges stated in _b_ (1) above it may be useless
+because of the steep angle of descent and because much of the fuel is
+burned before it reaches the target.
+
+
+23. WIND DEFLECTION.
+
+Wind is an important factor because of the low velocity of the flaming
+fuel. Wind can lengthen, shorten, or deflect the flame.
+
+_a. Head winds._ Head winds of more than 5 miles per hour tend to carry
+heat or even flame back toward the firer. Liquid fuel should not be
+fired into a head wind of more than 5 miles per hour. The range and
+accuracy of thickened fuels is reduced.
+
+_b. Following winds or very light winds._ Best results are obtained
+under these conditions.
+
+_c. Cross winds._ When firing at or near maximum range, cross winds
+deflect, breakup, and disperse the flame. They also reduce the range.
+
+
+24. FIRING POSITIONS.
+
+_a. Ease of aiming._ The flame thrower can be fired from any position
+that permits sufficient freedom to aim the weapon, subject to the
+conditions in _b_, _c_, and _d_, below. This includes standing,
+kneeling, and prone. In some instances, flame throwers have been fired
+with tank groups resting on the ground or on skids. If used in this
+way, the tops of the fuel tanks must be propped up to conform to _b_,
+below.
+
+_b. Angles of the tanks._ When firing, the bottoms of the fuel tanks
+must always be substantially lower than the tops. The tops of both
+tanks must also each be the same distance above the horizontal and
+neither tank should be tilted to one side. Otherwise, only a small part
+of the fuel may be blown from the tanks.
+
+_c. Recoil._ Stability must be sufficient to withstand the recoil from
+the gun. If possible, the firer should hold the gun snugly against his
+right side to support it and to absorb its recoil.
+
+_d. Protection._ Full advantage should be taken of cover and
+concealment, such as shell craters and vegetation.
+
+
+25. AIMING.
+
+_a. Sighting._ There are no sights on the gun because of the short
+range from which it is fired, the variety of fuels used, and the marked
+effects of wind. (Par 23)
+
+_b. Fortifications._ When firing at a fortified position, flame must be
+directed _into openings_ (gun ports, firing slits, ventilation screens,
+doorways). Flame inside gives the desired effects, but flame on the
+outside has little effect on personnel within.
+
+_c. Thickened fuel._ (Figs 3 and 20) When firing at or near maximum
+range, it may take several seconds for a burst of thickened fuel to
+carry through the air to the target area. Short bursts may result in
+misses at long range for this reason. Skill in aiming is particularly
+important with thickened fuel.
+
+_d. Liquid fuel._ With liquid fuel, the greatest effect may be obtained
+by placing the flame directly on the target. (Fig 21)
+
+[Illustration: Fig 20. Thickened fuel flame hitting and clinging to
+target. Fuel burns for several minutes.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 21. Flame (liquid fuel) hitting target.]
+
+
+26. FIRING.
+
+With pressure-tank valve open:
+
+_a. Pull trigger._ Pull the trigger rapidly and vigorously. A flash
+should appear at the front of the gun. This shows that an incendiary
+charge of the ignition cylinder has been ignited. Release the trigger.
+(If the flash does not appear, pull the trigger again, or as often
+as necessary up to five times, until a flash appears.)
+
+_b. Squeeze fuel valve._ Immediately after pulling trigger, compress
+the valve lever and grip safety vigorously with the right hand. Burning
+fuel will be propelled from the gun.
+
+_c. Adjust fire._ Direct the flaming fuel at the target. Continue to
+squeeze the valve lever and grip safety throughout the burst. When
+thickened fuel is fired, follow the fuel with eyes to the side of the
+stream in order to observe and correct aim. (If eyes are directly
+behind the stream, the flame may obscure the target.)
+
+
+27. CEASING OR INTERRUPTING FIRE.
+
+To cease or interrupt firing, release the controls.
+
+
+28. ADDITIONAL BURSTS.
+
+To fire additional bursts, repeat procedure followed in Paragraphs
+26 and 27, keeping in mind that there are five incendiary charges in
+the ignition cylinder and that the total firing time, not including
+time between bursts, is approximately 8 to 9 seconds. Each of the five
+incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder burns for from 8 to 12
+seconds.
+
+
+29. SOAKING THE TARGET.
+
+When liquid fuel is used, it may be desirable to soak the target with
+fuel first and ignite it afterward. To do this, fire one or two short
+bursts without pulling the trigger. Then follow with an ignited burst,
+as in Paragraph 26.
+
+
+30. AFTER FIRING.
+
+When the firer has returned from his mission, he should:
+
+_a._ Remove and discard the ignition cylinder, as follows:
+
+(1) Point gun at the ground.
+
+(2) Press latch. (Fig 14)
+
+(3) Unscrew the ignition shield and allow ignition cylinder to fall
+out. (Be careful to keep the hands away from the front of the cylinder.)
+
+(4) Save the partly used cylinder for training use or destroy it by
+firing from gun after fuel tanks have been emptied. For information on
+care, handling, and storage of cylinders, see Paragraph 31.
+
+_b._ Close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle clockwise
+(to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank).
+
+_c._ Point the gun away from personnel and blow out the remaining
+fuel, if any, from the fuel tanks by squeezing the valve
+lever and grip safety until there is no further discharge. The
+trigger should not be used during this operation.
+
+_d._ Take off tank group from the back.
+
+_e._ Inspect, clean, and maintain the flame thrower (Pars 55 and 56)
+or, if experienced maintenance personnel is close at hand, turn the
+weapon over to them for servicing.
+
+_f._ After servicing, place the weapon in the packing chest (Par 77)
+for protected storage, or prepare it for the next mission. (Pars 50
+through 53)
+
+
+
+
+Section VIII AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
+
+
+31. IGNITION CYLINDER.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Figs 13 and 22) Either the M1 or
+E1 ignition cylinder may be used. It fits over the fore part of the
+barrel assembly and is revolved by the spring case. (Par 76) The five
+incendiary charges in the cylinder are spaced sufficiently far apart
+in the plastic body to prevent their igniting one another. Lead-foil
+seals, plastic closure plates, and waterproof cement make the unit
+comparatively waterproof.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 22. Cutaway view of ignition cylinder (M1 or E1).]
+
+_b. Action._ When the trigger rod is pushed forward, one of five metal
+matches tipped with red phosphorus scratches an igniting mixture. The
+ignition carries to a starter mix and to a few grains of black powder
+on top of the incendiary charge. The black powder blows the foil seal
+and closure plate clear of the flame thrower, and the incendiary
+charge ignites the fuel as it is discharged from the nozzle. The
+incendiary charge burns for from 8 to 12 seconds.
+
+_c. Packing._ Ignition cylinders are packed two per waterproof can.
+Three cans are furnished with each flame thrower. Fifty cans (100
+ignition cylinders) are contained in each packing box of extra
+cylinders.
+
+_d. Care, handling, and storage._ Ignition cylinders contain hazardous
+incendiary material and must be handled with due care. The following
+precautions should be observed.
+
+(1) _Opening cans._ Do not open cans containing cylinders until ready
+to load for a mission. (Par 18) If an extra cylinder remains in an
+opened can, use it as soon as possible. Any defective cylinders, such
+as those with damaged closure plates, should be destroyed. (Pars 30 and
+46) Moisture may affect the cylinders and all possible care should be
+taken to avoid exposing them to dampness.
+
+(2) _Handling cylinders._ Pressure on any of the five metal matches
+(Fig 13) may ignite an incendiary charge in the cylinder. Care must
+be exercised to avoid putting pressure on the projecting ends of the
+matches except when firing the weapon. Ignition cylinders and cylinder
+containers should be protected against shock. Boxes and cans containing
+cylinders must not be thrown or dropped.
+
+(3) _Storing containers._ Containers of ignition cylinders are best
+stored in a dry, well-ventilated place, out of the direct rays of the
+sun, well protected against excessive temperatures. Smoking is not
+permitted and matches are not used where ignition cylinders are stored.
+
+
+32. CHARGING PRESSURE TANK.
+
+_a. General._ The pressure tank of the flame thrower must be fully
+charged with compressed air or compressed nitrogen before the start of
+a mission. For the M2-2 flame thrower, a pressure of at least 1,700
+pounds per square inch is required. This may be provided either by the
+use of an air compressor capable of producing a pressure of at least
+1,700 pounds per square inch, or by the use of commercial cylinders.
+The filling and charging lines from the service kit are used in
+conjunction with the cylinders. Before and after charging, follow the
+procedures described in Paragraphs 51 and 55.
+
+_b. Charging from air compressor._ Compressor, air, gasoline engine
+driven, 7CFM, M1, is a self-contained, skid-mounted machine designed
+for use with flame throwers. It is capable of charging pressure tanks
+of flame throwers and large 200- or 220-cubic-foot commercial cylinders
+as well. Instructions for use of the compressor will be found in the
+manual accompanying it.
+
+_c. Charging from cylinders._ If an air compressor is not available,
+it is necessary to use cylinders containing nitrogen or air.
+
+(1) _Volume and pressure._ Cylinders come charged with 200 to 220 cubic
+feet of air or nitrogen. Since cylinders with 220 cubic feet of air or
+nitrogen have a higher initial pressure, it is recommended that they
+be procured, if obtainable. All cylinders used must have a pressure of
+at least 600 pounds per square inch. One or more of the cylinders must
+have a pressure of at least 1,800 pounds per square inch. Two or more
+cylinders, preferably at least four, should be used, if available.
+
+(2) _Charging capacity._ Fully charged cylinders, if properly used in
+rotation, have capacity for charging pressure tanks approximately as
+follows:
+
+  1 cylinder (used alone)           2 pressure tanks
+  2 cylinders (in combination)      6 pressure tanks
+  4 cylinders (in combination)     24 pressure tanks
+  5 cylinders (in combination)     36 pressure tanks
+  6 cylinders (in combination)     48 pressure tanks
+
+(3) _Apparatus._ The apparatus for charging two pressure tanks by
+the use of cylinders consists of a filling line, two charging lines,
+and two cylinders. (Fig 23) The filling line and charging lines are
+obtained from the service kit. (Par 48) Plugs are provided to close off
+either half of the filling line when only one flame-thrower tank group
+is to be charged.
+
+(4) _Warning._ Oxygen is sometimes shipped in cylinders having the same
+threads as nitrogen cylinders. If oxygen not mixed with nitrogen, as in
+air, is introduced into the fuel tanks of the portable flame thrower,
+a violent explosion may result. Therefore, the greatest care must be
+exercised to see that only air or nitrogen is used. _Before a cylinder
+is connected, it should be tested to determine that it does not
+contain straight oxygen or some combustible gas._ This may be done by
+introducing a burning splint into a jet of the contents. Oxygen causes
+the splint to burn quickly, whereas nitrogen extinguishes the flame. To
+make the test:
+
+(_a_) Fasten a thin splint of wood to a wire at least a foot long.
+
+(_b_) Ignite the splint.
+
+(_c_) Stand aside and hold it before the cylinder outlet.
+
+(_d_) Crack the valve slightly to permit a small stream of gas to
+emerge.
+
+(_e_) If the flame flares up, the gas is oxygen and _MUST NOT_ be used.
+
+(_f_) If the gas itself catches fire, it may be hydrogen, acetylene, or
+some other combustible gas, which also must not be used.
+
+(5) _Attaching lines to cylinders._ (Fig 23) The procedure for charging
+two flame thrower pressure tanks from two cylinders of nitrogen or
+compressed air begins as follows:
+
+(_a_) Remove the valve-protection caps from the cylinders.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 23. Charging two pressure tanks, using charging and
+filling lines, and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen.]
+
+(_b_) Place the cylinders side by side with both outlets facing in the
+same direction. (If the ground is not level enough for the cylinders to
+stand up side by side, lay them horizontally with both outlets face up.)
+
+(_c_) Before attaching the filling line to the cylinders, blow out
+dust. (Par 33) Then connect, using wrenches to make the joints pressure
+tight. Do not kink or bend the flexible hose. Cylinders must be close
+enough together to prevent strain on the flexible hose.
+
+(_d_) Attach a charging line to each of the two couplings on the
+filling line.
+
+(6) _Attaching charging lines to pressure tanks._
+
+(_a_) Close pressure-tank valves.
+
+(_b_) Unscrew caps from check valves.
+
+(_c_) Screw the charging-line fittings onto the check valves.
+
+(_d_) Close bleeders.
+
+(7) _Charging._ The operation of charging two pressure tanks from two
+cylinders is as follows:
+
+(_a_) Close both filling-line valves.
+
+(_b_) Open cylinder valves.
+
+(_c_) Determine which cylinder has the lower pressure by the gages.
+Open the filling-line valve at the gage showing the lower pressure and
+fill the pressure tanks to the pressure shown by the gage. Close the
+valve. Then open the other filling-line valve and fill the pressure
+tanks until they reach pressures of at least 1,700 pounds per square
+inch as shown by the gage.
+
+(_d_) When the pressure tanks have been filled, close the filling-line
+valves. Open the bleeders on the charging lines and leave them open
+until the pressure in the charging lines is released. Then close
+bleeders. Remove the charging-line fittings from the check valves.
+Screw the threaded caps on the check valves and tighten caps with a
+wrench.
+
+(_e_) Repeat steps in (_a_) through (_d_) above for as many pairs of
+empty flame-thrower tanks as require charging.
+
+(8) _To insure proper pressure._ Care should be taken to make certain
+that the compression delivered to the flame-thrower pressure tank is a
+full 1,700 pounds per square inch.
+
+(_a_) If a filling-line valve leaks, tighten the packing nut on the
+valve with a wrench.
+
+(_b_) When the higher pressure shown on the filling-line gages is less
+than 1,700 pounds per square inch, close the filling-line valve and the
+cylinder valve on the cylinder having the lower pressure. Remove and
+replace this cylinder with a fully charged cylinder. With chalk, mark
+the pressure on the cylinder which has been withdrawn.
+
+(9) _After charging._ When charging has been completed:
+
+(_a_) Close the filling-line valves. Observe the pressure indicated on
+each gage and mark the pressure on each cylinder using crayon, chalk,
+or pencil.
+
+(_b_) Close the valves on the cylinders.
+
+(_c_) Remove the charging-line fittings from the check valves, replace
+the threaded caps on the check valves, and tighten caps with a wrench.
+
+(_d_) Remove the filling lines from the cylinders. Use two wrenches and
+take care not to twist or kink the flexible hose. Support the lines
+during the operation so that their full weight does not hang on the
+flexible hose during removal.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 24. Arrangement of cylinders and lines for charging
+four flame throwers. Flexible hose (assembly E81-3-6) from service kit
+is used to connect two filling lines.]
+
+(10) _Use of four-place lines._ (Fig 24) The filling and charging lines
+found in two or more service kits may be combined for more efficient
+charging of large numbers of pressure tanks. An additional flexible
+hose is provided in each service kit for connecting two filling lines.
+The procedure for charging is similar to that described above for
+the two-place line. Air or nitrogen is taken first from the cylinder
+with the lowest pressure and last from the cylinder with the highest
+pressure. See _a_ (2) above.
+
+
+33. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PRESSURE-CHARGING.
+
+Personnel will familiarize themselves with the following precautions:
+
+_a. Handling._ Handle all cylinders and flame throwers carefully;
+never drop them and never subject them to shocks or blows. Keep
+valve-protection caps secured when cylinders are being handled, except
+when such handling is incident to the use of the nitrogen or air.
+
+_b. Storage._ Keep all cylinders and charged flame throwers or tank
+groups (Par 77) in open or closed storage. They must, however, be
+protected from dampness and excessive rise in temperature caused by the
+direct rays of the sun or other source of heat. Avoid storing them near
+highly flammable substances, or in places where they may be struck by
+moving objects. Segregate empty cylinders to avoid confusion.
+
+_c. Personnel._ Do not attempt to use compressed gases unless trained
+in this work. Use gases only for the purposes for which they are
+intended.
+
+_d. Cylinder valves._ Do not tamper with safety devices in cylinder
+valves. If available, use the proper replacement parts for safety
+devices which are in need of repair. If such parts are not available,
+do not attempt to use makeshifts or nonstandard parts.
+
+_e. Opening of valves._ Open valves slowly and fully each time nitrogen
+or compressed air is transferred from a cylinder. When a wrench is
+used, be sure it is one that fits properly, and that it is kept ready
+for instant use while the compressed gas is being released.
+
+_f. Threads._ See that threads match before making connections. Some
+valves are provided with special threads which must be matched by the
+threads in the equipment being connected.
+
+_g. Correct equipment._ Use gages, regulators, hose, pipe, and tubing
+of the type manufactured or specified for the particular apparatus or
+compressed gas.
+
+_h. Repair._ Never attempt to alter or repair a cylinder.
+
+_i. Flames and sparks._ Do not permit flames, sparks, or ignition from
+the flame thrower or other source to touch hose.
+
+_j. Blowing out dust._ Immediately before coupling an attachment to the
+pressure tank or cylinder valve, open it for an instant to blow out any
+dust or dirt. Never stand where gas or dirt may be blown into the eyes
+or face. If the valve is difficult to open, apply more force gradually.
+
+_k. Special devices._ Do not attempt to use any special connections or
+equipment without the approval of a qualified expert.
+
+_l. Keeping valves closed._ Keep the valve of each cylinder closed when
+its contents are not actually being released from or admitted to the
+cylinder. This applies alike to all cylinders, whether they contain a
+compressed gas or are empty.
+
+
+34. CHARACTERISTICS OF FUELS.
+
+Thickened fuels give up to twice the range of liquid fuels. The stream
+of thickened fuel is comparatively narrow. Most of the glue-like fuel
+clings to and burns in or on the target for as long as 6 minutes.
+Liquid fuels, on the other hand, are largely consumed in flight to the
+target. If the location of small openings in the target is known, the
+stream of thickened fuel can be spotted by accurate aiming so that
+most of the fuel enters directly into the openings. While it does not
+billow around corners as does liquid fuel, thickened fuel strikes the
+target with force enough to ricochet inside. It clings to skin and
+clothing while burning. It also has excellent incendiary effects. The
+initial flame and smoke are less from thickened fuel than from liquid
+fuel, but the lower visibility, greater range, and much longer burning
+period of thickened fuel compensate for its smaller screening effect.
+Liquid fuels are easier to pour when filling than are thickened fuels.
+
+
+35. PREPARATION OF THICKENED FUELS.
+
+_a. Ingredients._ Thickened fuels consist of U.S. Army fuel thickener
+mixed with fuel.
+
+(1) _Thickener._ U.S. Army thickener is supplied in airtight cans, each
+containing 5-1/4 pounds of the material.
+
+(2) _Gasoline and fuel oil._ Gasoline alone is often used with
+thickener, but mixtures of gasoline and light fuel oil may be used
+satisfactorily. The light fuel oil can be either No. 1 fuel oil, No.
+2 fuel oil, automotive diesel oil, or kerosene. These mixtures give
+more heat and do not form crusts. Except in hot climates, 75 percent
+or more of the mixture by weight or volume should be gasoline. (If too
+much light fuel oil is included, the fuel tends to separate into two
+layers.) In tropical theaters, a thickened blend of 50 percent gasoline
+and 50 percent light fuel oil has been reported to give favorable
+results. Storage qualities are not known, however. Another mixture
+which has been well recommended in field reports is 15 gallons of
+gasoline to 5 gallons of diesel fuel oil. Issue gasoline may be used,
+but locally procured gasolines which contain alcohol are not suitable.
+
+_b. Proportion of thickener to fuel._ Less thickener is recommended
+than formerly. A low ratio of thickener gives a thickened fuel with
+many of the characteristics of liquid fuel. One can of thickener to 20
+U.S. gallons of gasoline, or gasoline and light fuel-oil mixture, gives
+good results. This is a 4.2 percent by weight mixture. Except in hot
+weather, a fuel mixture of less than 3 percent thickener requires such
+long stirring that its preparation is impractical.
+
+_c. Equipment._ An open-head 55-gallon or 42-gallon drum and an
+improvised wooden mixing paddle are used. Five-gallon cans may
+be employed to transfer the ingredients. The paddle should be
+approximately 5 feet long, 2 inches wide, and 1 inch thick. If a
+standard 55-gallon, open-head drum with an internal diameter of 27-7/16
+inches is used, the improvised paddle should be marked to indicate
+gallons as follows:
+
+  _Gallons_       _Inches_
+      40           23-1/2
+      20           11-3/4
+
+Do not use a metal paddle because of the danger of striking a spark
+from the drum. Never use galvanized containers for mixing and storing
+thickened fuels. These may cause the fuel to break down and become
+excessively thin. An improvised funnel may be helpful in filling drums
+with prepared fuel for aging or transporting.
+
+_d. Temperatures._
+
+(1) _Below 50 degrees._ If the temperature is below 50 degrees
+Fahrenheit, it is helpful to prepare thickened fuel indoors, in a
+heated room. All precautions should be particularly observed. (Par 40)
+
+(2) _Above 90 degrees._ When the fuel is hotter than 90 degrees
+Fahrenheit, the thickener reacts very rapidly. In this case, it is
+easier to prepare batches of 20 gallons each, but any number of batches
+may be prepared in succession.
+
+_e. Moisture._
+
+(1) _Effect of moisture._ Water in thickened fuel breaks down or
+reduces the viscosity of the gel and thereby reduces the range of the
+flame thrower. This effect may not be noticeable at once, but the
+stability of the fuel is affected.
+
+(2) _Dryness of thickener._ Dry thickener is extremely hygroscopic,
+that is, it absorbs moisture from the atmosphere very rapidly. For this
+reason, thickener is shipped in hermetically sealed tin cans containing
+the exact quantity of powder required for mixing with 20 gallons
+of fuel to prepare a 4.2 percent mixture. It is important that the
+gasoline or fuel oil and gasoline be measured out before the thickener
+container is opened. The powder then should be poured immediately into
+the liquid.
+
+(3) _Dryness of containers._ It is important that all containers used
+in mixing and handling the fuel be dry.
+
+(4) _Keeping water out of gasoline._ Gasoline, especially when it has
+been stored in vented containers, frequently includes free water.
+Therefore, when using gasoline from a bulk-storage tank or an open
+drum, first place it in a clean, dry drum; allow it to stand quietly
+for at least an hour; then carefully pour off the gasoline from the top
+and discard the last gallon or two.
+
+_f. Pouring and stirring._ (Fig 25) The liquid fuel is poured into the
+open drum; a pail or a paddle (Par 35 _c_) is used for measuring. One
+man then stirs the fuel vigorously. Another takes a can of thickener,
+splits it with a machete, bayonet, or ax, and pours it immediately
+into the fuel. Any large lumps of powder are broken by hand before the
+powder is added to the fuel. When mixing 40 gallons at a time, the
+two cans of thickener should be opened and added to the fuel in rapid
+succession. If the contents of the first can are permitted to gel
+before adding the second can, it will be difficult to obtain a uniform
+mix. Continue to stir.
+
+
+[Illustration: Fig 25. Measuring fuel ingredient into mixing drum.
+Paddle for measuring and stirring is improvised.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 26. Transferring newly mixed thickened fuel from
+mixing drum to storage or shipping container for aging.]
+
+_g. Examining fuel._ Lift the paddle quickly. If the mixture drops
+or runs from the paddle, additional stirring is necessary. When the
+paddle comes out clean, except for an adhering film, stirring should be
+stopped, provided there is no further visible
+
+settling of particles of thickener.
+
+_h. Loading shipping drums._ When stirring is completed, the mix is
+immediately bucketed (Fig 26) through a funnel into the shipping drum.
+The second bung hole should be open, if possible, to provide a vent
+to aid in pouring. Two men do the bucketing, each handling one pail
+so that the funnel may be kept loaded with mix and the shipping drum
+filled as rapidly as possible. Finally, the open-end drum should be
+picked up and its contents poured into the funnel. Not more than 50
+gallons of thickened fuel should be loaded into a 55-gallon drum. The
+funnel should then be removed and replaced by a plug. The vent opening
+of the drum should also be closed. (See Paragraph 39 for pressure
+method of filling storage drums.)
+
+_i. Unused thickener._ Any thickener remaining in opened cans should be
+discarded. Since moisture in the air can quickly ruin its properties,
+no attempt should be made to save it.
+
+_j. Aging and storing._ Newly mixed fuel has the appearance of tapioca
+pudding. (Fig 27) It should preferably be stored overnight before
+use. It may, however, be fired within 1 hour after mixing. To keep
+fuel in good condition, drums for shipping and storing must be clean,
+moistureproof, dry, strong, and unrusted, but not galvanized. They must
+be kept tightly closed and should be laid on their sides so that rain
+water will not collect around the bungs.
+
+_k. Testing fuel._ Before use on missions, all fuels should be tested
+by being fired from a flame thrower. This is advisable because the
+characteristics of the fuel ingredients often vary.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 27. Contrasting newly mixed thickened fuel (right)
+with aged fuel (left).]
+
+
+36. PREPARATION OF LIQUID FUELS.
+
+_a. Choice of ingredients._ Thin fuels are easy to ignite, but they
+lack range and are largely burned in flight before reaching the target.
+For this reason, liquid fuels should contain the lowest proportion
+of gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier oils that permits
+easy ignition. In hot climates, less gasoline is needed than in cold
+climates. Exactness of proportion, however, is not of great importance.
+Suitable blends are as follows:
+
+(1) Equal parts by weight or by volume of gasoline, light fuel oil, and
+heavy (bunker) fuel oil. The light fuel oil can be either No. 1 fuel
+oil, No. 2 fuel oil, automotive diesel oil, or kerosene.
+
+(2) One part gasoline to four parts of cleaned crankcase drainings.
+(Par 36_e_) Unused motor lubricating oil can be employed in place
+of crankcase drainings, but usually it will be unavailable for
+flame-thrower use.
+
+_b. Preparation of ingredients._ Before mixing blends, the following
+steps should be taken:
+
+(1) _Gasoline, diesel oils, and fuel oils._ These fuel materials should
+be allowed to stand quietly for at least 30 minutes to permit any small
+quantity of water present to settle to the bottom. When transferring
+the fuel to another container, remove the fuel carefully so that no
+water is remixed with it.
+
+(2) _Crankcase drainings._ If possible, crankcase drainings should
+be allowed to stand quietly in a container for at least 1 day. When
+pouring, take care to prevent the transfer of any of the sludge which
+may have settled in the bottom of the container.
+
+_c. Equipment._ An open-head 55-gallon or 42-gallon drum and an
+improvised wooden mixing paddle are used. The paddle should be
+approximately 5 feet long, 2 inches wide, and 1 inch thick. A metal
+paddle should not be provided because of the danger of striking a spark
+from the drum. Five-gallon cans may also be furnished for measuring and
+transferring ingredients. Clean, unrusted, steel storage drums should
+be at hand. They should be at least 16-gage to have sufficient strength
+to withstand the internal vapor pressure of the fuel.
+
+_d. Stirring._ All the ingredients should be stirred in the drum with
+the paddle until they appear to form a uniform mixture. This should
+require approximately 2 minutes.
+
+_e. Crankcase-draining blends._ If crankcase drainings are used as
+an ingredient (Par 36_b_), it is preferable to allow the prepared
+mixture to settle for 24 hours after stirring, because the gasoline in
+the mixture may cause additional sludge to be deposited. Even after
+this settling period, it is recommended that the mixture be poured
+through cheesecloth or some similar fabric before the flame thrower
+is filled. Crankcase-draining blends should be allowed to stay in the
+flame thrower only long enough for completion of a mission, because
+additional sludge which may form from standing will clog the weapon.
+
+_f. Transferring._ The mixture should be transferred either directly
+into the flame-thrower fuel tanks (Pars 37 through 40) or into storage
+drums. (Par 35_h_)
+
+_g. Emergency mixing in fuel tanks._ In an emergency, mixing can be
+done in the flame-thrower fuel tanks by adding the ingredients in
+correct proportions and then shaking or stirring.
+
+_h. Testing fuel._ Before fuel is used on a mission, it should be
+tested, if possible, by being fired from a flame thrower.
+
+_i. Storage._ Fuels may be used immediately after preparation. If
+the blend contains crankcase oils, the fuel should be fired as soon
+as practicable after filling. Other liquid blends may be stored
+indefinitely until required for use. For storage precautions see
+Paragraph 40. The storage drums also should be kept tightly closed to
+prevent loss of gasoline through evaporation and to prevent moisture
+from entering the fuel. If stored in the open, the drums should be laid
+on their sides so that rain water will not collect adjacent to the
+bungs. An unrusted and undamaged 16-gage or 18-gage drum has sufficient
+strength to withstand the internal vapor pressure of the fuel.
+
+
+37. FILLING BY POURING.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 28. Filling fuel tanks by pouring. Any clean
+container may be used. A funnel may be improvised.]
+
+(Fig 28) This method is the simplest and quickest for liquid fuel,
+but it may be too slow for some thickened fuels. The procedure is as
+follows:
+
+_a._ Stand the tank group on the ground or a platform. If the tank
+group is not connected to the gun group, lock coupling plug in tank
+coupling. (Par 70)
+
+_b._ Using a 1-3/4-inch wrench, unscrew the filling plug and the
+safety-head plug.
+
+_c._ Inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign
+matter. If not clean, flush with gasoline.
+
+_d._ Using an improvised funnel, fill to within 2 inches of the top of
+both plug openings. This allows sufficient void. The tanks will then
+contain approximately 4 gallons of fuel.
+
+_e._ Wipe the fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean,
+dry cloth. (Fig 29) If plug has a tendency to freeze to seat, lubricate
+(Par 49 _b_) before screwing in the filling and safety-head plug
+assemblies. Tighten with wrench.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 29. Wiping plug seat.]
+
+_f._ Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.
+
+
+38. FILLING BY FORCE PUMP.
+
+A force pump, if available, may be installed with a short length of
+pipe in the top opening of a drum of fuel for filling flame-thrower
+fuel tanks. Keep working parts of pump clean.
+
+
+39. FILLING BY BLOWING.
+
+Thickened fuel may be readily forced into the fuel tanks of flame
+throwers by the use of extremely low pressures of compressed air or
+nitrogen. Flame thrower fuel filling kit E6 or equivalent may be used.
+When equipment is available, filling by blowing is more efficient for
+filling large numbers of flame throwers with thickened fuel. Pouring
+or pumping are more time-consuming, depending on the consistency of
+the gel. The consistency may vary among batches even when the same
+proportion of thickener is used. The amount of moisture in the fuel
+seems to cause this variation. The precautions listed in Paragraph 40
+should be observed.
+
+
+[Illustration: Fig 30. Blowing thickened fuel into fuel tanks by use of
+cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen.]
+
+_a. Source of pressure._ When the pressure in cylinders of compressed
+air or nitrogen has fallen too low to be of further use in filling
+pressure tanks of flame throwers, the remaining pressure may be used
+to blow fuel into fuel tanks if the regulator valve can reduce pressure
+down to 20 pounds per square inch. For precautions, see Paragraph 33.
+An air compressor or a hand air pump (tire pump) may be used in place
+of a cylinder if the latter is not available. Pressure of _no more than
+15 to 20 pounds_ per square inch should be used on the fuel drums. Only
+a diaphragm-type regulator valve can be used safely. This valve must be
+capable of regulating any pressure that may be applied to it.
+
+_b. Drums._ Clean, noncorroded, steel, 55-gallon drums should be used.
+Drums of United States manufacture which meet requirements will be
+stamped ICC-5 or ICC-5A, followed by three numbers in sequence, for
+example, “14-55-44.” The number “14” indicates the gage of the metal;
+“55” indicates the capacity in gallons; and “44” indicates the year
+of manufacture. A steel drum of 14 gage, or heavier, is preferable,
+but lighter drums (of 16 or 18 gage) may be used. Drums made of gages
+lighter than 18 gage (20-or 22-gage) must not be used. Drums should
+never be moved while under pressure.
+
+_c. Connections._ The source of pressure (see _a_ above), the drum
+of fuel, the fuel-filling line, the air hose, and other parts, are
+connected as shown in Figure 30. Threaded adapters are used, as
+necessary, to fit lines to the drum. All threaded connections should
+be made tight by the use of wrenches on the joints. The drum and the
+pressure cylinder (if the latter is used) should be laid on their sides
+on the ground or a platform. The opening of the drum connected to the
+fuel-filling hose should be close to the ground or platform. If tank
+group is filled without gun group, lock coupling plug (Par 70) in tank
+coupling.
+
+_d. Procedure._ To fill fuel tanks:
+
+(1) Remove both the filling and safety-head plugs.
+
+(2) Inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign
+matter. If not clean, flush with gasoline.
+
+(3) Place end of fuel-filling hose in either one of the two fuel-tank
+plug holes, using a nipple as a spout.
+
+(4) Start air compressor or pump, or open the valve on the cylinder of
+compressed air or nitrogen. Open regulator valve on filling line by
+turning handle _slowly_ until gage shows 15 to 20 pounds pressure, but
+no more. _Caution_: “Cracking,” or opening a cylinder valve without
+using the proper regulator valve (Par 39 _a_), may result in explosive
+pressure in the drums.
+
+(5) Both tanks must be filled to within 2 inches of their tops. Close
+valve on fuel-filling hose to halt flow at this level.
+
+(6) If no additional flame throwers are to be filled, close
+pressure-cylinder valve, or stop compressor or pump. Then, using
+wrench, slightly loosen the air line at the drum, allowing pressure
+to bleed. When the pressure in the drum has fallen to that of the
+atmosphere, close regulator valve.
+
+(7) Roll drum slightly and gently until fuel-filling hose is at top of
+drum.
+
+(8) If there are valves on each end of the fuel-filling hose, use
+wrench to slightly loosen hose, allowing gradual escape of pressure.
+Stand away from, and at the side of, the connection. Keep hose pointed
+away from other personnel. When all pressure has been released,
+complete unscrewing of hose.
+
+(9) Wipe fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean, dry
+cloth. Then screw in filling plug and safety-head plug assemblies,
+applying grease (Par 49 _b_) if plug tends to freeze to seat. Tighten
+with wrench. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.
+
+
+40. PRECAUTIONS WITH FUELS.
+
+_a. Flammability._ All fuels used in flame throwers obviously are
+highly flammable and must be handled, stored, and used with extreme
+care. Diesel oil, fuel oil, and kerosene require the same care as does
+gasoline.
+
+_b. Indoor storage._ When it becomes necessary to handle gasoline in
+a room or building, the windows and doors should be open and care
+taken that no unprotected flame which might ignite the fumes is in the
+vicinity. The doors and windows should remain open for a sufficient
+length of time afterward to allow any vaporized gasoline to escape.
+
+_c. Flames and sparks._ The presence of open flames, heated stoves,
+electrical tools and apparatus, and other equipment likely to cause
+sparks must not be permitted. Even nails and metal cleats in shoes are
+a potential hazard in the presence of combustible fumes.
+
+_d. Smoking._ “No Smoking” signs must be posted in prominent places
+about the premises and the rule against smoking must be strictly
+enforced.
+
+_e. Ventilation and cleaning._ The buildings in which fuel is stored
+or used must be well ventilated and thoroughly cleaned every day. No
+rubbish or other flammable material should be permitted to remain in or
+near such buildings.
+
+_f. Spillage._ Care should be taken that fuel is not spilled. Any
+spillage should be removed promptly.
+
+_g. Safety cans._ Safety cans should be used, if possible, for storing
+small quantities of gasoline, as they have covers that must be forcibly
+held open to remove or add gasoline.
+
+_h. Rags._ Metal receptacles with metal lids should be provided for
+discarded, oily, or gasoline-soaked rags. These rags must be disposed
+of daily.
+
+_i. Electrical apparatus._ Vaporproof incandescent electric lamps,
+switches, and other appliances of approved type should be used. Open
+switches, relays, and similar apparatus, or motors with commutators,
+must not be used where gasoline fumes may be encountered.
+
+_j. Hose._ Flexible metal, rubber, and rubber-metal hose should be
+inspected regularly (at least four times a year) and discarded when
+noticeably deteriorated.
+
+_k. Toxic fumes._ Gasoline fumes are somewhat toxic and should not be
+inhaled.
+
+_l. Leaks._ Leaks must never be neglected, and the fact that gasoline
+is a dangerous liquid must always be kept in mind. Inspections for
+leaks should be made frequently, particularly at pipe and hose joints.
+
+_m. Fire extinguishers._ Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, or
+foam-type fire extinguishers should be provided and located where they
+will be accessible in the event of fire. Sand, not water, should be
+thrown on burning fuel if suitable extinguishers are not available.
+
+_n. Leaded gasoline._ Gasoline often contains a poisonous lead
+compound. Such gasoline, or fuel containing leaded gasoline, should not
+be allowed to touch the body, especially the lips, eyes, open cuts, and
+sores.
+
+
+
+
+Section IX OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS
+
+
+41. WET CONDITIONS.
+
+The M2-2 flame thrower may be carried and fired successfully in the
+rain or even after short immersion in water. After use when wet, it
+should be dried to prevent rusting, cleaned, and lubricated. (Pars 49
+and 55) Areas where paint has worn off should be touched up with fresh
+paint. The weapon should be stored in a dry place. Moisture must not be
+allowed to enter fuel, ingredients of fuel, or containers of ignition
+cylinders.
+
+
+42. DUST AND MUD.
+
+Keep all possible dust, earth, and mud out of the flame thrower;
+particles may interfere with the operation of spring case, valves,
+bearings, and pressure regulator. Store weapons and auxiliary equipment
+in closed chests and boxes when not in use. (Par 77) Clean before use.
+(Pars 51 and 52)
+
+
+43. HEAT.
+
+A hot climate or exposure to the sun makes the fuel thinner when in
+containers. Thin fuel has shorter range; it is largely consumed in the
+air before it reaches usual effective ranges. Where the climate is
+torrid, less gasoline or other thinning agents should be used in a fuel
+blend than normally. (Pars 34 through 36)
+
+
+44. COLD.
+
+Cold weather reduces total heat produced at target but seldom enough
+to seriously lower value of a firing mission. Incendiary effects may
+be decreased because materiel is less flammable when cold. The weapon
+may be used at temperatures as low as minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit. To
+improve ignition, use more gasoline in fuel than normally. (Pars 34
+through 36)
+
+
+45. WIND.
+
+Flame throwers should not be fired into strong head winds or across
+strong side winds. (Par 23)
+
+
+
+
+Section X DEMOLITION TO PREVENT ENEMY USE
+
+
+46. DESTRUCTION PROCEDURE.
+
+If circumstances should force abandonment of chemical warfare materiel
+in the field, it is destroyed or rendered useless to prevent its use or
+study by the enemy. The following methods are recommended:
+
+_a. Flame thrower._ One or more small-arms bullets through the fuel
+tanks will prevent any immediate use of the flame thrower. Additional
+rounds may be put through the pressure tank. If the pressure tank is
+charged, the pressure-tank valve should be opened for a few seconds,
+thus permitting the contents to dissipate. This is necessary if rounds
+are to be fired point-blank. The gun may be rendered useless by bending
+it over a hard object. A sledge or ax will demolish valves and tubes. A
+fragmentation grenade will also achieve demolition.
+
+_b. Filling and charging apparatus._ The flexible tubing, gages, and
+valves may be destroyed by blows with an ax, sledge, or other heavy
+instrument. The large pressure cylinders are rendered useless by
+releasing the contents and then destroying the valves by blows with an
+ax or sledge. Cylinders can be stacked like cordwood in groups of five
+and demolished by the detonation of four 1/2-pound blocks (2 pounds) of
+TNT in their midst. The air compressor may be destroyed by a similar
+procedure.
+
+_c. Fuel._ Burn.
+
+_d. Mixing apparatus._ Containers and filling lines may be rendered
+useless by ax or sledge blows, or by small-arms fire.
+
+_e. Thickener._ Cans of thickener should be broken open. Contents
+should be thrown into a fire or into a body of water.
+
+_f. Ignition cylinders._ Burn to destroy. Personnel should stay
+several yards from the fire because the cylinders ignite with a slight
+detonation.
+
+
+
+
+PART THREE
+
+MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
+
+
+
+
+Section XI GENERAL
+
+
+47. SCOPE.
+
+Part Three contains information for the guidance of the personnel of
+the using organizations responsible for the maintenance (1st and 2nd
+echelon) of this equipment. It contains information needed for the
+performance of the scheduled lubrication and preventive maintenance
+services as well as descriptions of the major systems and units and
+their functions in relation to other components of the equipment.
+
+
+
+
+Section XII SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
+
+
+48. SERVICE KIT.
+
+One service kit for portable flame thrower M2-2 will be furnished
+for each six M2-2 portable flame throwers. The kit includes tools,
+equipment, and spare parts for second echelon maintenance and for
+pressure-tank charging. Adjustable wrenches may be included in place of
+the plain-end wrenches listed. Numbers listed with items are Chemical
+Warfare Service stock numbers. Approximate contents are as follows:
+
+_a. Tools._
+
+  1 Screwdriver, cabinet, 4-1/2-inch blade length, 3/16-inch blade
+  diameter, H22-50-13. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Screw driver, common, 6-inch blade length, 5/16-inch blade
+  diameter, H22-50-6. (Fig 8)
+
+  2 Wrenches, hex, 3/16 inch across flats (for 3/8-inch socket-head set
+  screws), H22-49-91.
+
+  2 Wrenches, hex, 1/8 inch across flats (for 1/4-inch socket-head set
+  screws), H22-49-12. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Wrench, valve-adjusting, assembly A81-6-48. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-1/2-inch openings, 12 inches
+  approx length, H22-49-113. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Wrench, engineers’, double head, 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch openings, 9
+  inches approx length, H22-49-115. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-3/4-inch openings, 12 inches
+  approx length, A81-6-49. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Wrench, engineers’, single head, 1-1/8-inch opening, 10-1/2 inches
+  approx length, H22-49-31. (Fig 8)
+
+  1 Wrench, adjustable, single end, 6 inches approx length
+  (crescent-type), H22-49-67. (Fig 8)
+
+_b. Accessories and spare parts._
+
+  1 Line, filling, pressure cylinder, assembly C81-3-4. (Fig 23)
+
+  1 Hose, flexible, assembly E81-3-6. (Fig 24)
+
+  2 Lines, charging, pressure cylinder, assembly B81-3-29. (Fig 23)
+
+  1 Tank and valve, pressure, assembly (less shaft and handle)
+  B81-1-374. (Fig 33)
+
+  1 Shaft, flexible, valve, assembly E81-1-470. (Fig 33)
+
+  1 Handle, valve, A81-1-473. (Fig 33)
+
+  1 Nut, machine-screw, hex, 5/16-inch, 24NF-2, H22-93-55. (Fig 33)
+
+  2 Case, spring, assemblies B81-1-444. (Fig 9)
+
+  2 Diaphragm, valve, assemblies A81-1-416. (Fig 9)
+
+  1 Hose, fuel, flame thrower, M1, assembly B81-1-498. (Fig 48)
+
+  2 Plugs, coupling, E81-1-514. (Fig 7)
+
+  6 Heads, safety, R81-1-561. (Fig 39)
+
+  1 Gage, fuel tank testing, assembly E81-6-57. (This assembly includes
+  a plug drilled, tapped, and fitted with a 0-500-pound pressure gage.)
+
+  3 Washers, coupling, A81-1-513. (Fig 9)
+
+  2 Cord, cotton, seine, No. 4 hard braided, mildewproof, O.D.,
+  (1/8-inch diameter by 25-feet skeins), H100-4-5.
+
+  6 Bushings, pipe, head, 3/4 inch by 1/2 inch, (galvanized iron),
+  H98-5-93. (Fig 9)
+
+  1 Regulator, pressure, assembly B81-1-438. (Figs 33 and 37)
+
+  1 Compound, anti-seize, white lead base, (for threaded fittings)
+  1/4-pound can, H99-3-12.
+
+  2 Gages, pressure cylinder testing, assembly B81-6-90. (Fig 32)
+
+  1 Catalog CW7-440114, Army Service Forces, “Portable Flame Thrower
+  M2-2.”
+
+  1 Technical Manual 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower M2-2.”
+
+[Illustration: Fig 31. Lubrication order.
+
+  To requisition a replacement Lubrication Order address Office of the
+  Chief, Chemical Warfare Service, Washington 25, D. C.
+
+  NOT TO BE REPRODUCED
+  in whole or in part without permission of the Office of the Chief,
+  Chemical Warfare Service.
+
+NO. 4001
+
+               ----------- KEY -----------
+
+  +-------------------------+-------------------------+
+  |      LUBRICANTS         |     INTERVALS           |
+  +-------------------------+-------------------------+
+  |                         |                         |
+  | CG-GREASE,              |   1-AFTER EACH MISSION  |
+  |    GENERAL PURPOSE      |   6-AFTER SIX MISSIONS  |
+  |   NO. 1 (ABOVE + 32°F)  |       OR MORE OFTEN     |
+  |   NO. O (BELOW + 32°F)  |                         |
+  |                         |                         |
+  +-------------------------+-------------------------+
+
+  THIS ORDER IS TO BE FASTENED TO INSIDE LID OF FLAME THROWER
+  PACKING CHEST.
+
+  Copy of this Lubrication Order will remain with the equipment at all
+  times; instructions contained therein are mandatory and supersede all
+  conflicting lubrication Instructions dated prior to =5 MAY 1944=
+
+  By order of the Secretary of War:
+
+  G. C. Marshall, Chief of Staff.
+
+  Official:
+
+  J. A. Ulio,
+  Major General,
+  The Adjutant General.]
+
+
+
+
+Section XIII LUBRICATION
+
+
+49. LUBRICATION.
+
+_a. Gun group._ War Department Lubrication Order No. 4001 (Fig 31)
+shows the parts which require lubrication, the lubricants, and the
+intervals.
+
+(1) _Lubricants._ Grease, general purpose, No. 1 is used, except for
+temperatures below freezing, when grease, general purpose. No. 0 is
+used. The bearing surfaces should be lightly coated with the grease.
+
+(2) _Frequency of lubrication._ The surfaces of the ignition-head body
+which touch the spring case should be lubricated after each use of
+the weapon. Other parts are lubricated after six firing missions, six
+training sessions, or oftener. All should be thoroughly cleaned (Pars
+52, 55, and 56) with gasoline, dry cleaning solvent, or other solvent,
+then dried before lubrication. If the gun is disassembled for any other
+reason, it should be lubricated before reassembly.
+
+(3) _Records._ To ascertain when six missions have been fired, a record
+of firing (Par 2) should be kept with each flame thrower.
+
+_b. Tank group._ The tank group ordinarily requires no lubrication.
+However, it may under the following exceptional circumstances:
+
+(1) If the tank group has been immersed in water for several hours,
+the flexible shaft of the pressure valve may have lost its lubricant.
+If so, remove the shaft (Par 66 _b_) and inspect. If lubricant is not
+present, as indicated by difficulty of movement after removal, dip
+the shaft in solvent to clean and then dip in warmed grease, general
+purpose, No. 1. Replace shaft in valve.
+
+(2) If filling or safety-head plugs (Figs 39 and 40) tend to stick
+to fuel tanks, apply grease, general purpose, No. 1 (No. 0 if below
+freezing temperatures) before replacing plugs.
+
+
+
+
+Section XIV PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SERVICES
+
+
+50. GENERAL
+
+Preventive maintenance services, as prescribed by Army Regulations,
+are a function of using organization echelons of maintenance. These
+services consist of:
+
+_a._ Before, during, and after operation services performed by the
+firers and assistants.
+
+_b._ Scheduled services performed by organizational maintenance
+personnel (service when filling and charging, and service after six
+firing missions).
+
+
+51. BEFORE-OPERATION SERVICE OF TANK GROUP.
+
+The following services are to be performed before filling, charging,
+and loading the flame thrower with pressure, fuel, and ignition
+cylinder:
+
+_a. Pressure-tank valve._ Open and close pressure-tank valve to test
+for ease of operation.
+
+_b. Threaded connections._ Check all threaded connections for
+tightness, using appropriate wrenches.
+
+_c. Tank coupling._ Examine coupling for cleanliness and ease of
+movement of lock and cams. (Par 70) Clean if necessary. If washer is
+broken, replace, using screw driver to pry out.
+
+_d. Plugs._ Check filling plug and safety-head plug for completeness
+of parts (Par 69 _a_) and cleanliness of threads and seats. Clean, if
+necessary, with cloth. If rod or rod and chain have broken off and
+fallen in tank, turn tank upside down and remove. Remove deflector
+tube from head (using hand, not wrench). Inspect to see if diaphragm
+is intact. If diaphragm is ruptured, replace the safety head with an
+unbroken head. (Par 69 b, c) Reassemble plug, head, and deflector tube
+in left fuel tank. (Fig 11) Tube should face to rear and at a 45-degree
+angle to operator’s left shoulder. (Fig 18) Screw in deflector tube by
+hand; do not use wrench on deflector tube. Tighten lock nut with wrench.
+
+_e. Pressure-tank clamp._ The clamp should hold the pressure tank
+tightly in place. If tank is loose, a wooden splint or wedge under the
+clamp may be used as a temporary expedient.
+
+_f. Carrier-frame bolts._ Check tightness. Use wrench.
+
+_g. Carrier._ (Par 71) Examine all canvas, webbing, and cord for signs
+of mildew, rot, or wear. Replace defective parts. Move flame thrower to
+dryer storage if mildew occurs.
+
+_h. Cord (lashing)._ Check for tightness. If necessary, make tighter
+and use secure, slip-proof knots. When the tank group is filled with
+fuel and adjusted on the firer, its weight should be carried chiefly by
+the canvas and webbing, not by the metal frame.
+
+_i. Shoulder and body straps._ Adjust straps to fit firer. (Pars 19 and
+71) A loose tank group can cause discomfort or injury when the wearer
+changes positions while on a mission. Check presence and condition of
+the two pins and two cotter pins which hold shoulder straps to steel
+support. Check fasteners.
+
+
+52. BEFORE-OPERATION SERVICE OF GUN GROUP.
+
+The following services are to be performed before filling, charging,
+and loading with pressure, fuel, and ignition cylinder:
+
+_a. Hose nipple, tank end._ Examine to be sure nipple is clean and
+not badly nicked. If badly nicked, the nipple may not make a tight
+seal at the tank coupling. A leak and loss of pressure may result. See
+Paragraph 73 _d_ for repair of the nipple.
+
+_b. Fuel hose._ Examine surface of hose for cracks or other signs of
+deterioration. Special attention should be paid to portions adjacent to
+the gun and tank coupling, which are subjected to severe flexing. If
+hose is defective, replace. (Par 73 _b_, _c_) Do not patch.
+
+_c. Hose nipple, gun end._ Check tightness of threaded connection
+between hose and fuel-valve body, using hand or very light wrench
+pressure.
+
+_d. Shield._ Remove ignition shield. Check cleanliness of threads
+on shield and on ignition-head body. If not clean, use cloth. When
+reassembling (Par 18 _c_), shield should turn freely until it locks in
+correct position.
+
+_e. Valve lever and needle._
+
+(1) There should be some play in the valve lever. To test, remove
+ignition shield. Compress grip safety and valve lever slowly,
+observing the motion of the valve needle. The valve lever should move
+approximately 1/16 inch before the needle begins to move.
+
+(2) Valve needle should be seated firmly in the barrel nozzle. After
+the valve lever is pulled back and released, no play should occur in
+the needle. For adjustment of needle, see Paragraph 75 _d_.
+
+_f. Screws._ Use screw driver to test tightness of all screws.
+
+_g. Spring retainer and plug._ Check tightness of spring retainer and
+plug (Fig 47) by using hand or very light wrench pressure.
+
+_h. Ignition head._ All exposed surfaces of the shield, nozzle, needle,
+and other parts of the ignition head, or adjacent to it, should be
+clean. If not, use cloth.
+
+_i. Atomizer hole._ With the fuel valve held fully open, insert a
+fine wire in the atomizer hole of the nozzle to clean the hole. Then
+use cloth-wrapped splint to remove from the inside of the nozzle any
+foreign matter pushed through the atomizer hole. If such matter is not
+removed, it may interfere with the closing of the fuel valve needle at
+the nozzle. Repeat procedure in _e_ (2) above.
+
+_j. Spring case._ Spring case should turn freely on ignition head. If
+it does not, clean any grease or dirt from, surfaces with cloth and
+relubricate. (Par 49)
+
+_k. Trigger._ Pull trigger once or twice to find whether it operates
+easily and whether it returns to position. If not, clean and lubricate
+trigger. (Par 49) Check condition of trigger spring.
+
+_l. Trigger rod._ Check position of the trigger rod when trigger
+is pulled back all the way as when firing. The rod should extend
+approximately 1/16 inch beyond the end of the lug in the ignition head.
+If it does not, bend the rod slightly, reverse position of bearing, or
+replace worn parts.
+
+
+53. SERVICE WHEN FILLING AND CHARGING.
+
+_a. Inspection of fuel tanks._ Just before filling and charging, remove
+plugs (Par 69 _b_) and examine interior of fuel tanks to see whether
+they are clean and free from foreign matter. If not clean, flush with
+gasoline until clean.
+
+_b. Fuel level._ When filling (Pars 37 through 40), see that fuel
+reaches the same level in both tanks. If leveling does not occur,
+the tank connector may be clogged with foreign matter. If so, clean,
+as in _a_, above. After filling, wipe plug seats with a cloth before
+replacing plugs. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.
+
+_c. Pressure-tank valve._ Before charging the tank group with air or
+nitrogen, open and close the pressure-tank valve several times by hand
+to be sure it operates freely. If it does not, adjust as described in
+Paragraph 66 _d_.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 32. Testing pressure tank and valve, using
+0-3,000-pound testing gage from service kit.]
+
+_d. Testing for leaks in pressure system._ After charging, and as few
+hours as possible before a mission, use an 0-3,000-pound gage furnished
+in service kit to test pressure. (Fig 32) To install gage, unscrew
+check-valve cap and screw gage in check-valve body. If pressure has
+fallen below that to which the tank was charged (Par 32), a leak is
+indicated. Remove gage, replace check-valve cap, and check for leaks
+at joints between pressure tank and valve and between tank valve and
+check valve. (A wrench should be used to tighten cap on check-valve
+body so as to avoid producing an additional leak.) Large leaks can
+be felt or heard. Small leaks can be detected by coating joints with
+soap-and-water solution. Bubbles indicate leaks. If a leak is revealed
+between pressure tank and pressure-tank valve, or between check valve
+and pressure-tank valve, replace all three as a unit. If tests do not
+show up the leak the tank may have been improperly charged. It should
+be recharged and then retested.
+
+
+54. SERVICE WHEN FIRING.
+
+_a. Failure to ignite._ Pull trigger repeatedly. If ignition cylinder
+still fails to ignite, dirt may be wedged in ignition head. Unscrew
+shield one-half turn. Screw it back, rapping shield with the hand while
+turning. This should dislodge foreign matter. Pull trigger again.
+Repeat procedure, if necessary.
+
+_b. Safety head “blows” (breaks)._ If safety head breaks, firing
+mission cannot be carried out. On return, have head replaced. (Par 69)
+Follow test procedure. (Par 56 _b_)
+
+
+55. SERVICE AFTER FIRING.
+
+_a. Unloading._ Remove ignition cylinder (Par 30), close pressure-tank
+valve, and blow out remaining fuel and pressure. (Par 30)
+
+_b. Removal of equipment._ Release the body straps, then the shoulder
+straps. If prone, lie on side and allow tank group to roll off onto
+ground. If standing or kneeling, take care that tank group does not
+drop on feet or legs.
+
+_c. Correcting or reporting._ Correct any failures or difficulties or
+report them as soon as possible to service or maintenance personnel.
+
+_d. Gun._ Remove shield (Par 18) and clean interior of shield with
+cloth. Clean holes in shield with wire or wooden splint. Clean external
+surfaces of barrel, nozzle, needle, and other parts. Check cleanliness
+and adjustment of needle. (Par 75 _d_) Check trigger for operation.
+Lubricate. (Par 49)
+
+_e. Fuel tanks and passages._ Remove plugs (Par 69 _b_). Drain
+any remaining fuel. Use gasoline to remove residues of thickened
+fuels before they have a chance to harden and obstruct passages. If
+necessary, fill tanks with gasoline and allow to stand for several
+hours, shaking occasionally. Drain and repeat if necessary.
+
+_f. Safety head._ Check head to see if it is ruptured; if it is,
+replace. (Par 69) Follow test procedure. (Par 56 _b_)
+
+_g. Pressure-tank valve._ If weapon is to be stored, open pressure-tank
+valve and leave it open until next charging.
+
+_h. Carrier._ Scrub, if necessary, with soap and water, or gasoline.
+
+_i. Exterior metal surfaces._ Scrub exterior metal surfaces clean of
+fuel to prevent fire hazard. Allow to dry before using again.
+
+_j. General inspection._ Carefully examine all other parts, adjust as
+necessary, and replace any which are damaged.
+
+
+56. SERVICE AFTER SIX FIRING MISSIONS.
+
+After the flame thrower has been used on six firing missions or the
+equivalent in training work, experienced personnel should follow these
+directions:
+
+_a. Before-operation and after-operation service._ Follow the same
+procedures as in Paragraphs 52, 53, and 55.
+
+_b. Test firing (or simulated firing)._
+
+(1) If tactical conditions permit test firing at a suitable test range
+(Par 15), fill the fuel tanks with fuel. (Pars 37 through 40)
+
+(2) If test firing with fuel is impracticable, fill fuel tanks with
+clean water. (Be sure to dry all parts after test.)
+
+(3) _Remove filling-plug assembly._ (Par 69) Fish out the retainer rod
+and chain by means of a bent wire.
+
+(4) Do not unscrew the safety-head plug.
+
+(5) Insert the testing plug with 0-to 500-pound pressure gage (plug and
+gage are from service kit) in the filling-plug opening. Tighten testing
+plug in seat with wrench.
+
+(6) Fully charge pressure tank. (Par 32)
+
+(7) If test firing with fuel, load ignition cylinder. (Par 18)
+
+(8) Open pressure-tank valve and simultaneously observe pressure in
+fuel tanks by reading gage. The gage indicates the pressure in both
+tanks. It should be between 350 and 390 pounds per square inch.
+
+(9) Read the gage at the expiration of not less than 5 minutes. The
+tanks should have a pressure reading of not more than 390 pounds. If
+the pressure continues to increase beyond 390 pounds and the safety
+head blows, replace the safety head and the pressure regulator.
+
+(10) Fire by operating controls (or simulate firing if tanks are filled
+with water). The burst should last 3 seconds, during which time the
+pressure should not drop below 260 pounds.
+
+(11) If the pressure does not conform to the requirements stated in
+(8), (9), and (10), adjust the pressure regulator upward or downward.
+(Par 67 _d_)
+
+(12) While the above test firing is proceeding, check for leaks at all
+joints and connections on the tank group. The pressure system should
+be checked by painting the joints with soap-and-water solution and by
+looking for bubbles which indicate leaks. For replacement of parts
+where pressure leaks, see Paragraph 66. Fuel leaks may be seen without
+soap and water. For repair of fuel leaks, see Paragraph 75 _e_. The
+nozzle should be observed by removing the ignition shield. Nozzle
+leaks are corrected by cleaning, adjusting needle (Par 75 _d_), or by
+regrinding. (Par 75 _e_) If this is not successful, replace both needle
+and barrel as a unit.
+
+_c. Fuel valve._ Discharge all pressure from the gun by operating the
+fuel valve. Carefully remove the valve grip and grip support. (Par
+74) Look for signs of leakage at the valve diaphragm. If a leak is
+present, replace valve-diaphragm assembly. (Pars 75 _b_ and 75 _c_)
+
+_d. Valve grip._ Disassemble the valve grip (Par 74) and lubricate.
+(Par 49)
+
+_e. Carrier._ Tighten the carrier cord.
+
+_f. Gun interior._ If thickened fuel has been fired, disassemble the
+gun. All parts should be cleaned of accumulations of dried fuel.
+Lubricate (Par 49) and reassemble. If liquid fuel has been fired,
+flush gun with clean gasoline. Disassemble only enough to lubricate.
+Reassemble.
+
+
+
+
+Section XV TROUBLE SHOOTING
+
+
+57. PRECAUTIONS.
+
+First, remove the ignition cylinder. Then, before disassembling,
+servicing, or repairing parts which may be under pressure, be sure to
+release the pressure. Remove fuel, when necessary.
+
+
+58. FUEL LEAKS.
+
+          _Trouble_                       _Remedy_
+  _a._ Defective or damaged    If leak is observed in valve grip,
+  valve-diaphragm assembly.      disassemble. (Par 74) If diaphragm
+                                 is torn, or damaged in
+                                 any other way, remove and replace.
+                                 (Par 75)
+
+  _b._ Defective threaded      Disconnect, using wrenches. If
+  connections on fuel lines.     thread is stripped or badly damaged,
+                                 replace the threaded part.
+                                 If threads appear to be sound,
+                                 clean them and reconnect. If
+                                 leak is between tank coupling and
+                                 tank connector or between hose
+                                 and fuel-valve body, apply anti-seize
+                                 compound before rescrewing.
+                                 Tighten joint with wrenches.
+
+  _c._ Dirt or foreign matter  Clean parts carefully with cloth before
+  on seats or threads.           reassembling.
+
+  _d._ Leak at nozzle.         Adjust needle. (Par 75 _d_) If leak
+                                 persists, either replace needle
+                                 and barrel as a unit or use lapping
+                                 compound on parts. Turn
+                                 needle in seat until parts make a
+                                 tight connection when seated.
+                                 Remove lapping compound and
+                                 reassemble.
+
+  _e._ Worn body of hose.      Replace fuel-hose assembly. (Par 73)
+
+  _f._ Leak at tank coupling.  Remove and replace coupling washer
+                                 if damaged. (Par 70) If hose
+                                 nipple, tank end, is damaged, repair
+                                 nipple (Par 73 _d_) or replace
+                                 fuel-hose assembly.
+
+
+59. SAFETY HEAD “BLOWS” (BREAKS).
+
+         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_
+  _a._ Defective safety head.  Replace with new safety head.
+                                 (Par 69 _b_)
+
+  _b._ Defective pressure      If replacement safety head also
+  regulator.                     breaks, follow test procedure in
+                                 Paragraph 56 _b_ to determine
+                                 whether pressure regulator
+                                 needs adjustment or is defective.
+
+
+60. CARRIER UNCOMFORTABLE.
+
+         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_
+  _a._ Cord becomes loose      Use only hard-braided seine cord
+  or breaks.                     furnished in service kit for
+                                 replacements. Lace tightly as
+                                 shown in Figure 46, using slip-proof
+                                 knots at ends.
+
+  _b._ Straps not adjusted to  Adjust straps to fit each new wearer.
+  fit wearer.                    Tank group must be high
+                                 on back and snug on body. (Pars
+                                 19 and 71)
+
+  _c._ Carrier frame           Cord is too loose. Tighten cord.
+  presses on wearer’s back.      Use slip-proof knots at ends.
+
+
+61. SHORT RANGE.
+
+         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_
+  _a._ Stream of burning fuel  Fuel valve is not fully open because
+  issues at an angle or in a     of:
+  very broad spray.            (1) Faulty operation. Be sure to
+                                   compress controls all the way
+                                   when firing. (Par 26)
+
+                               (2) Improper adjustment or assembly
+                                   of valve. To correct,
+                                   see Paragraphs 74 and 75.
+
+  _b._ Rapid drop of range     Pressure-tank valve is not fully
+  during a burst.                  open. Open all the way. If this
+                                   is not effective, test pressure
+                                   regulator. (Par 67 _d_)
+
+  _c._ Shorter range in each   Pressure tank is not fully charged.
+  successive burst.            (1) Before firing be sure tank is
+
+                                   charged to at least 1,700 pounds
+                                   per square inch. (Par 32)
+
+                               (2) Check for leaks to make sure
+                                   pressure has not decreased
+                                   since charging. (Par 53 _d_)
+
+  _d._ Short range with        Dried fuel or other foreign matter
+  longer time of discharge       is in fuel lines. Disassemble and
+  than 8 to 9 seconds.           clean.
+
+
+62. FUEL-VALVE FAILURE.
+
+         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_
+  Valve fails to close when    (1) Work the grip safety to trip
+  controls are released.           the valve lever.
+
+                               (2) Foreign matter may be in barrel,
+                                   or barrel may be dented.
+                                   If dented, replace barrel and
+                                   needle as a unit. If not dented,
+                                   disassemble and clean. (Pars
+                                   74 and 75)
+
+
+63. FAILURE OF IGNITION CYLINDER TO IGNITE.
+
+         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_
+  _a._ Match in cylinder       Pull trigger repeatedly. If cylinder
+  moves but incendiary           does not ignite, remove cylinder
+  charge does not ignite.        (Par 30) and examine.
+
+                               (1) If matches have been pushed
+                                   flush with inner surface of cylinder
+                                   body, the cylinder is
+                                   defective. Destroy. (Par 30)
+                                   Replace.
+
+                               (2) If matches project 1/16 inch
+                                   or more from cylinder, ignition
+                                   head is defective. Disassemble
+                                   ignition head (Par 76 _b_) and
+                                   examine. Replace parts as
+                                   necessary. (Par 76 _c_)
+
+  _b._ Cylinder does not       (1) Spring case is not free to rotate
+  rotate to bring new charge       because of dirt. Clean and lubricate.
+  into position.                   (Par 49)
+
+                               (2) Cylinder is improperly loaded.
+                                   (Par 18)
+
+                               (3) Ignition cylinder binds on barrel
+                                   because of dirt or excessive
+                                   warping of ignition cylinders
+                                   from heat of firing. Remove
+                                   and destroy (Par 30) ignition
+                                   cylinder. Reload.
+
+                               (4) Spring case is defective. Replace
+                                   as a unit. (Par 76 _b_, _c_)
+
+  _c._ Trigger does not        (1) When on a mission, use fingers
+  return to normal position        on trigger to pull back to normal
+  (with ignition cylinder in       position.
+  place).                      (2) If time permits, remove trigger
+                                   rod. (Par 76 _b_) Clean rod
+                                   and hole in which rod slides.
+                                   Lubricate. (Par 49) Reassemble.
+                                   (Par 76 _c_)
+
+  _d._ Lack of spring tension  Trigger spring is off hook of trigger,
+  at trigger.                    off spring screw, or broken.
+                                 Replace where necessary.
+
+
+64. FAILURE OF FUEL TO IGNITE.
+
+         _Trouble_                        _Remedy_
+  _a._ Atomizer hole clogged.  Clean  with fine wire. (Par 52 _i_)
+
+  _b._ Fuel troubles at low    (1) At temperatures below minus
+  temperature.                     20 degrees Fahrenheit, ignition
+                                   of any standard fuel is uncertain.
+                                   Operation at these temperatures
+                                   should be avoided unless tests
+                                   of fuels by firing with flame
+                                   throwers are first made.
+
+                               (2) At temperatures above minus
+                                   20 degrees Fahrenheit, no difficulty
+                                   should be experienced with
+                                   thickened gasoline. When
+                                   blended fuels are used, the
+                                   ratio of gasoline content should
+                                   be increased as temperature
+                                   decreases.
+
+  _c._ Failure of ignition     See Paragraph 63.
+  cylinder.
+
+
+
+
+Section XVI TANK GROUP
+
+
+65. GENERAL.
+
+The tank group stores fuel and pressure. The fuel is placed under
+pressure when the pressure-tank valve is opened. The tank group is
+supported upon the firer’s back and shoulders by the carrier.
+
+
+66. PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLY.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ The pressure tank and valve assembly
+(Fig 33) includes:
+
+(1) _Pressure tank._ The pressure tank is a lightweight, airplane-type
+cylinder, able to withstand the great pressure which it contains. The
+tank is charged with air or nitrogen at 1,700 to 2,100 pounds per
+square inch pressure by use of auxiliary equipment as described in
+Paragraphs 31 and 32. This pressure stays in the pressure tank until
+the weapon is ready to be fired. Opening of the pressure-tank valve
+releases air or nitrogen through the pressure regulator to the fuel
+tanks. Oxygen or combustible gases are never used in the tank because a
+violent explosion may result. The tank is large in capacity to assure
+ample pressure, and hence full range, for the entire load of fuel.
+The pressure-tank clamp (Fig 39), a steel-strap device with hinge and
+toggle-type latch, holds the pressure tank in place on the fuel tanks.
+
+(2) _Pressure-tank valve._ (Figs 33 and 34) This valve is screwed
+into the bottom of the pressure tank. The valve stem slides into the
+valve end of the valve flexible shaft. When opened by means of the
+valve handle and valve flexible shaft, the valve permits passage of
+compressed air or nitrogen through tubes and the pressure regulator to
+the fuel tanks. The valve is of the quick-opening, packless, diaphragm
+type.
+
+(3) _Pressure-valve handle and valve flexible shaft._ (Figs 33 and 34)
+The pressure-valve handle is held by a small nut on the end of the
+valve flexible shaft, which in turn is connected to the pressure-tank
+valve by means of the valve stem and a large hex nut. The handle and
+shaft extend to the right of the tank group, enabling the firer to open
+and close the valve without assistance when carrying the weapon. The
+handle slips over the end of the shaft and is held to it by a nut. The
+shaft is held to one of the fuel tanks by a clamp, nut, and bolt welded
+to the tank.
+
+(4) _Check valve._ (Figs 33 through 35) The check valve has the same
+function as the valve on a vehicular tire tube, but it is much heavier
+in construction and different in design because the pressure in the
+flame thrower is 50 times greater than that in an automobile tire tube.
+Connected by threads to the pressure valve, the check valve permits
+compressed air or nitrogen to enter the pressure tank during charging
+(Pars 31 and 32) but prevents its escape when the outside source of
+pressure is removed. The cap is removed from the check valve only for
+charging or testing.
+
+_b. Removal._ (Fig 33) To prevent damage to threads, leaks, and loss of
+pressure and range, remove pressure tank and valve assembly only when
+necessary.
+
+
+[Illustration: Fig 33. Pressure system disassembled, showing
+nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for
+requisitioning spare parts.]
+
+(1) _Release of pressure._ Be sure all pressure has been released
+from the pressure system before disassembling or removing any part or
+assembly of the pressure system. To release pressure, operate fuel
+valve (Par 26) and hold open until pressure is exhausted. As an
+added precaution, personnel should avoid facing the connections when
+disconnecting parts or assemblies.
+
+(2) _Removal procedure._ After release of all pressure:
+
+  (_a_) Loosen the clamp from the valve flexible shaft.
+
+  (_b_) Using wrench, unscrew the large hex nut which holds the
+  flexible shaft on the pressure-tank valve.
+
+  (_c_) Pull the valve flexible shaft and handle free of the valve.
+
+  (_d_) Using wrench, unscrew the flared tube nut on the regulator tube
+  adjacent to the pressure-tank valve.
+
+  (_e_) Open pressure-tank clamp (Fig 39) and swing clamp strap outward.
+
+  (_f_) Remove the pressure tank together with the pressure-tank valve
+  and check valve.
+
+  (_g_) To remove valve handle, use the adjustable-end wrench to loosen
+  and remove nut from threaded outer end of valve flexible shaft. Slide
+  out the valve handle.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 34. Lower portion of pressure system, assembled.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 35. Check valve (cross section).]
+
+_c. Installation._ (Figs 33 and 39) To install:
+
+  (1) Insert pressure tank (with pressure-tank valve and check valve
+  mounted on the tank) through the pressure-tank clamp. Be sure to
+  aline the regulator tube, elbow, and pressure-tank valve threads
+  carefully so that they cannot be damaged when connecting.
+
+  (2) Close the pressure-tank clamp.
+
+  (3) Start the threaded connections by hand to be sure they are well
+  alined. Do not force. Use wrench for final tightening, but do not
+  apply great torque to the wrench.
+
+  (4) Insert the valve flexible shaft through small clamp into the
+  pressure-tank valve. Using wrench, tighten the large hex nut located
+  between shaft and valve.
+
+  (5) Tighten the clamp on the valve flexible shaft.
+
+  (6) Place pressure-valve handle on threaded end of the shaft. Place
+  nut on threaded end and tighten with adjustable-end wrench.
+
+_d. Adjustment._ If valve handle cannot be turned by hand:
+
+  (1) Remove flexible shaft and handle. Never apply a wrench to these
+  parts.
+
+  (2) Turn end of pressure-valve stem with wrench to open valve.
+
+  (3) If stem will not turn, replace the tank and valve.
+
+  (4) If stem turns, work it back and forth with wrench.
+
+  (5) Reconnect flexible shaft and handle.
+
+  (6) If handle does not turn easily, repeat the process until handle
+  turns, or replace tank and valve.
+
+  (7) Close valve before charging tank.
+
+_e. Maintenance._
+
+  (1) If either pressure tank, pressure-tank valve, or check valve
+  are damaged or defective, all three must be replaced as a unit.
+  No attempt may be made to repair any of these parts or their
+  connections. If makeshift repairs or improvised parts are devised,
+  serious accidents can result because of the extremely high pressures
+  to which the equipment is subjected.
+
+  (2) Keep all threaded connections tightened. If a leak is suspected
+  at any threaded connection, follow procedure in Paragraph 53 _d_.
+
+
+67. PRESSURE REGULATOR.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ The regulator automatically reduces
+the variable pressure of air or nitrogen in the pressure tank to a
+constant operating pressure of approximately 350 pounds per square inch
+in the fuel tanks. The regulator is located at a protected position
+in the tank group of the M2-2 portable flame thrower, where it is not
+readily subject to tampering or damage from the outside. The regulator
+tube with fittings connects the pressure-tank valve and pressure
+regulator. (Fig 33) Its outlet is connected to the fuel tanks by the
+diffusion-pipe assembly. (Par 68 _a_) Either of two interchangeable
+types of regulators is furnished: the spring type (Figs 33, 36, and
+37), and the dome type (Fig 38).
+
+[Illustration: Fig 36. Rear of tank group, with carrier removed to show
+pressure regulator (spring-type) and connections.]
+
+_b. Removal of pressure regulator._ After release of all pressure:
+
+  (1) Remove carrier (Par 71 _b_), if necessary.
+
+  (2) Using wrench, unscrew the flared tube nuts and other fittings.
+
+  (3) Lift out the pressure regulator.
+
+_c. Installation of pressure regulator._ Line up pressure regulator,
+regulator tube, diffusion-pipe assembly, and fittings carefully so they
+will not be damaged when threads are tightened. Start threads with the
+hands. Apply only moderate wrench pressure to complete tightening.
+Replace carrier or carrier pack if either has been removed.
+
+_d. Adjustment of pressure regulator._ The pressure regulator
+ordinarily requires no attention other than checking and tightening
+connections with the regulator tube and the diffusion-pipe assembly.
+If a defect in the regulator is indicated by falling off of the range
+of the weapon or by frequent breakage of the safety-head diaphragm (Par
+56 _b_), the following procedure should be carried out. (When using
+wrenches, do not apply excessive force.)
+
+  (1) Remove the filling plug (Par 69 _b_) and ignition cylinder. (Par
+  30 _a_)
+
+  (2) Fill the fuel tanks with 4 gallons of water (or fuel).
+
+  (3) Connect the 0-to 500-pound fuel-tank testing gage, found in the
+  service kit, to the filling-plug hole. Tighten plug of gage with
+  wrench.
+
+  (4) Charge the pressure tank to a pressure of 1,800 pounds per square
+  inch. (Pars 32 and 33)
+
+  (5) Open the pressure-tank valve.
+
+  (6) Read the pressure on the gage. If 350 to 390 pounds is indicated,
+  omit steps (7) through (10).
+
+  (7) _To increase the pressure of a spring-type regulator_:
+
+    (_a_) Pry off the protective cap.
+
+    (_b_) Turn a set-screw wrench clockwise in the adjusting screw and
+    read pressure on gage.
+
+  (8) _To decrease the pressure of a spring-type regulator_:
+
+    (_a_) Turn the set-screw wrench counterclockwise more than is
+    considered sufficient to effect the desired reduction.
+
+    (_b_) Turn the pressure-tank valve off.
+
+    (_c_) Relieve pressure in the fuel tanks by compressing the fuel
+    valve until the pressure is below that desired.
+
+    (_d_) Release the fuel valve.
+
+    (_e_) Open the pressure-tank valve and allow the system to reach a
+    state of equilibrium, which occurs when the hissing sound ceases.
+
+    (_f_) Repeat the steps described above in (6) and (7).
+
+  (9) _To increase the pressure of a dome-type regulator_:
+
+    (_a_) Open needle valve No. 1 one full turn. (Fig 38)
+
+    (_b_) Open needle valve No. 2 one full turn. (There will be slight
+    leakage around the needle-valve thread.)
+
+    (_c_) Open needle valve No. 3 very slowly, watching pressure gage
+    closely. (As pressure builds up in fuel tanks there will be slight
+    leakage through needle valve No. 1.)
+
+    (_d_) When the pressure gage indicates 350 pounds, close needle
+    valve No. 3 tight.
+
+    (_e_) Close needle valve No. 2 tight.
+
+    (_f_) Close pressure-tank valve.
+
+    (_g_) When gage indicates zero, close needle valve No. 1 tight.
+
+  (10) _To decrease the pressure of a dome-type regulator_:
+
+    (_a_) Open needle valve No. 1 one full turn. (Fig 38)
+
+    (_b_) Open needle valve No. 3 very slightly, which will lower the
+    pressure.
+
+    (_c_) When 350 pounds is reached, close valve No. 3 tight.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 37. Pressure regulator, spring-type.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 38. Pressure regulator, dome-type, showing needle
+valves and wrenches.]
+
+    (_d_) Close pressure-tank valve.
+
+    (_e_) When gage indicates zero, close needle valve No. 1 tight.
+
+  (11) Open pressure-tank valve and press the fuel valve to observe the
+  pressure with the weapon operating.
+
+  (12) After final adjustment:
+
+    (_a_) Close the pressure-tank valve.
+
+    (_b_) Open the fuel valve and release the pressure from the fuel
+    tanks.
+
+    (_c_) Remove the pressure gage and plug from the fuel tank.
+
+    (_d_) Install filling plug.
+
+    (_e_) Tighten filling plug with wrench.
+
+    (_f_) If regulator is spring-type, replace its protective cap.
+
+
+68. FUEL-TANK ASSEMBLY.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Figs 4, 5, and 39) The fuel-tank
+assembly includes:
+
+  (1) _Fuel tanks._ Two alloy steel fuel tanks hold the fuel before it
+  is propelled to the target. They have a combined capacity, including
+  void, of 4-1/2 gallons. A void of approximately 1/2 gallon is left
+  in tanks when filling to allow for expansion and to permit entry of
+  the compressed nitrogen or air. To speed filling and cleaning of
+  the tanks, two openings are provided on top of the fuel tanks. The
+  openings are threaded to receive the filling-plug assembly and the
+  safety-head plug assembly, which are interchangeable in the openings.
+  Filling operations involve the use of auxiliary equipment and are
+  described in Paragraphs 34 through 40. The carrier and the pressure
+  system are supported on the fuel tanks.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 39. Fuel system of tank group and related parts
+disassembled, showing nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock
+numbers for requisitioning spare parts.]
+
+  (2) _Tank connector._ This open passageway between the fuel tanks
+  makes them, in effect, a single container. The location of the
+  tank connector and its large diameter permit easy flow of fuel and
+  pressure between the two tanks.
+
+  (3) _Hose connector._ The hose connector is the outlet for fuel
+  from the fuel tanks. It is located so that nearly all the fuel is
+  propelled from the weapon if firing positions are correct. (Par 24)
+  One end is welded to an opening in the tank connector. The other end
+  is threaded into the tank coupling.
+
+  (4) _Frame clamp._ This small metal clamp, with bolt, nut, and
+  washer, holds the hose connector to the carrier frame.
+
+  (5) _Diffusion-pipe assembly._ This T-shaped tubing carries
+  compressed air or nitrogen from the pressure regulator to each of the
+  fuel tanks. A flared tube connection and elbow connect the stem of
+  the T to the pressure regulator. The horizontal tubes of the T extend
+  into the fuel tanks and are welded to the fuel tank walls. Within the
+  fuel tanks these tubes are perforated with holes which permit ready
+  escape of the compressed nitrogen or air into the fuel tanks when the
+  pressure-tank valve is open.
+
+_b. Removal and installation._ The tank connector, hose connector,
+diffusion-pipe assembly, and the two fuel tanks are welded together and
+cannot be disassembled from each other. No attempt should be made to
+remove any of these parts or assemblies.
+
+_c. Maintenance._ Other than cleaning (Pars 51 _d_ and 55 _e_),
+repainting, and tightening of threaded joints, no repairs will be
+attempted by the first or second echelon on the fuel tanks, tank and
+hose connectors, or diffusion-pipe assembly. Emergency repairs may be
+made only by the third or fourth echelon. No attempt should be made to
+weld or patch any part of the fuel tanks.
+
+
+69. FILLING AND SAFETY-HEAD PLUG ASSEMBLIES.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._
+
+  (1) _Filling-plug assembly._ (Fig 39) This assembly fits into the
+  1-3/8-inch threaded opening at the top of either one of the fuel
+  tanks. It permits filling and cleaning of the tanks, and seals the
+  opening when the tank is not being filled or cleaned. The assembly
+  includes the filling plug proper and a plug-retainer assembly. The
+  latter is a metal rod which hangs from the plug on a metal chain. The
+  rod and chain prevent accidental loss of the plug.
+
+  (2) _Safety-head plug assembly._ (Figs 39 and 40) This assembly is
+  screwed into the threaded opening on top of either fuel tank. It
+  serves the same functions as the filling-plug assembly and moreover
+  protects the firer and other personnel. It includes:
+
+    (_a_) _Safety-head plug._ This plug is similar to the filling plug
+    except for the threaded hole which receives the safety head.
+
+    (_b_) _Safety head._ This metal head screws into the safety-head
+    plug. It includes a soft metal diaphragm which bursts when the
+    pressure in the fuel tanks exceeds 500 pounds per square inch. It
+    prevents the building up of dangerous pressures in the fuel tanks.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 40. Safety-head plug assembly (cross section).]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 41. Unscrewing safety head from safety-head plug,
+using wrench.]
+
+    (_c_) _Deflector tube._ This short, curved piece of 1/8-inch pipe
+    deflects fuel and pressure away from the firer if the safety head
+    bursts. A lock nut holds the tube in position. (Par 12 _j_)
+
+    (_d_) _Plug-retainer assembly._ This assembly consists of a metal
+    rod and chain which hang from the plug and prevent accidental loss
+    of the plug when filling or inspecting.
+
+_b. Removal of plugs._
+
+  (1) Before removing the filling plug, the safety-head plug, or an
+  unbroken safety head, operate the fuel valve until any pressure which
+  may have accumulated in the fuel tanks is eliminated. If the coupling
+  plug is in the tank coupling, very slightly loosen the threads of
+  either the filling plug or the safety-head plug, using the 1-3/4-inch
+  wrench, to eliminate pressure in the fuel tanks. Keep face and eyes
+  away from the threads.
+
+  (2) The plug-retainer assemblies should not be lifted completely out
+  of the tanks unless required.
+
+  (3) If either the rod or the rod and chain breaks from one of the
+  plugs and falls into the tank, upend the tank group to permit removal
+  of the parts.
+
+  (4) To replace burst safety head, unscrew lock nut and deflector
+  tube. (Fig 11) Using wrench (Fig 41), unscrew safety head. Never
+  disassemble the safety head.
+
+_c. Installation of plugs._ The filling plug, safety-head plug, and
+safety head are screwed in by hand and then tightened with wrenches. No
+substitution will be made for the safety head, which is manufactured
+to burst at the safe limit of pressure. The plug threads and seats
+should be cleaned with a cloth (Fig 29) before installing plugs. Screw
+in deflector tube, using hand pressure. The tube outlet should face to
+the rear and at a 45-degree angle to operator’s left shoulder. (Fig 18)
+Replace lock nut and tighten with wrench. (Use wrench on lock nut, not
+on deflector tube.)
+
+_d. Maintenance of plugs._ Replace safety head if damaged or blown.
+Never repair safety head or use an improvised head.
+
+
+70. TANK COUPLING.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ This quick-connecting coupling (Fig
+42) connects and locks the fuel hose or the coupling plug to the tank
+group. The coupling cams, lock, and washer provide a secure and tight
+joint. The tank coupling makes possible rapid replacement of emptied
+tank groups with filled and charged tank groups in the field. No tools
+are needed for this operation.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 42. Tank coupling and end of fuel-hose assembly.]
+
+_b. Removal._
+
+  (1) To remove the tank coupling from the hose connector, apply a
+  wrench and unscrew.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 43. Closing cams of tank coupling to connect gun and
+tank group. This is done before locking. (See below.)]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 44. Closing lock of tank coupling to secure gun to
+tank group. This also provides a fuel-tight seal.]
+
+  (2) To disconnect the tank coupling from the fuel hose or the
+  coupling plug:
+
+    (_a_) Release pressure from fuel tanks by operating the fuel valve
+    or by opening very slightly the filling plug.
+
+    (_b_) Using hands, pivot the coupling lock back on the coupling
+    body.
+
+    (_c_) Using hands, pivot the two coupling cams back on the coupling.
+
+    (_d_) Slide out the fuel hose or the tank coupling.
+
+    (_e_) If coupling washer is to be removed, pry out with a screw
+    driver.
+
+_c. Installation of tank coupling._ Proceed as follows:
+
+  (1) If coupling washer has been removed, replace.
+
+  (2) Insert coupling plug or hose nipple, tank end, in the coupling as
+  far as it will reach. Close the two cams. (Fig 43)
+
+[Illustration: Fig 45. Coupling plug in place in tank coupling. This
+arrangement is used when fuel tanks are brought back for filling with
+gun detached.]
+
+  (3) Close the coupling lock (Fig 44), being sure to push it all the
+  way, until it covers the ends of both cams. (Figure 45 shows coupling
+  lock correctly locked on coupling plug.)
+
+  (4) If the tank coupling has been removed from the hose connector,
+  screw it on hand tight. Anti-seize compound should be applied lightly
+  to the threads to assure a tight joint. Use wrench to tighten the
+  coupling until it is in the position shown in Figure 34.
+
+_d. Maintenance of tank coupling._ The coupling washer, made of
+synthetic rubber, should be inspected frequently. If it is damaged or
+swollen, remove it and replace. If the coupling leaks, inspect, and if
+necessary, remove and replace the washer.
+
+
+71. CARRIER.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 46) The tank group is securely
+carried on the firer’s back and chest by the carrier, which includes
+the metal carrier frame, the canvas carrier pack, webbing straps, and
+cord, all of which are parts of the tank group.
+
+  (1) _Carrier frame._ This lightweight, tubular-metal frame is bolted
+  to two pairs of brackets (upper and lower) on the fuel tanks. It is
+  also bolted to the hose connector by the frame clamp, which helps
+  support the connector. The frame is pierced by two parallel series of
+  holes, through which the cord (lashing) of the carrier is laced.
+
+  (2) _Carrier pack._ This is a sheet of heavy canvas, reinforced on
+  the tank side with strips of webbing. The smooth side of the carrier
+  pack rests against the firer’s back and cushions the back from
+  contact with the metal tanks. A series of eyelets is located on each
+  side of the pack.
+
+  (3) _Seine cord (lashing)._ The carrier pack is fastened to the
+  carrier frame by means of hard-braided cord which is laced through
+  the eyelets in the pack and the holes in the frame. The cord that
+  comes on the flame thrower stretches very little under load.
+
+  (4) _Straps._ The straps, made of wide cotton webbing, are
+  adjustable to fit the wearer. (Fig 18) They are provided with snap
+  release, hook-and-eye, and snap fasteners. The shoulder straps have
+  quick-release fasteners for rapid removal, if necessary, of the tank
+  group from the firer. The upper ends (steel loops) of the shoulder
+  straps are secured by pins to the steel support which connects the
+  two fuel tanks. Each of the pins is held in position by a split
+  cotter pin, which is inserted through a hole in the pin and is
+  then spread. The lower ends of the shoulder straps snap onto metal
+  loops at the bottom of the carrier frame. The upper body straps are
+  attached to metal loops on each side of the carrier frame. The lower
+  body straps are fastened to one of the lower two pairs of eyelets of
+  the carrier pack.
+
+_b. Removal of carrier._
+
+  (1) To remove carrier or carrier frame, use screw driver and
+  adjustable-end wrench to take off frame clamp, bolt, nut, and lock
+  washer. (Fig 34) Then remove two pairs of bolts, nuts, and lock
+  washers which hold the carrier frame to bottom and top of the fuel
+  tanks. Lift off the carrier.
+
+  (2) To remove body straps, unsnap ends and lift out of holes. To
+  remove shoulder straps, unsnap lower ends and remove from holes. Pull
+  out cotter pins, then pins, from upper ends of shoulder straps, and
+  lift out straps.
+
+  (3) To remove carrier pack, unknot and unlace cord.
+
+_c. Installation of carrier._
+
+  (1) To install carrier frame (or a complete carrier) place frame in
+  position adjacent to fuel tanks (Fig 46), insert bolts in holes,
+  place lock washers and nuts on bolts, and tighten with screw driver
+  and wrench. Replace frame clamp on fuel connector and frame. Insert
+  bolt in holes, place lock washer and nut on bolt. Tighten with screw
+  driver and wrench.
+
+  (2) If carrier pack has been removed, use cord to relash. Lace tight
+  and use slip-proof knots. (Fig 46)
+
+  (3) To install straps, snap ends of body straps and lower ends of
+  shoulder straps into positions shown in Figure 46. Place upper ends
+  (steel loops) of shoulder straps in steel support between fuel tanks.
+  Insert two pins through any two of the holes in the support and
+  through the shoulder strap loops. Insert cotter pins in holes in pins
+  and spread cotter pins to lock pins in place.
+
+_d. Adjustment of carrier._ Carrier must be carefully adjusted to fit
+the individual firer so the load will not shift during sudden, rapid
+changes of firer’s position. Adjustments are as follows:
+
+  (1) _Cord and carrier pack._ Cord must be tight at all times. The
+  cord furnished with the equipment has very little tendency to
+  stretch. However, pull cord tight when lacing and use slip-proof
+  knots at ends. Tighten cord periodically.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 46. Carrier assembled on tank group.]
+
+  (2) _Straps._ Adjust straps to fit each firer, moving slides on
+  straps as necessary. Straps must fit snugly to prevent shifting of
+  load and to keep tank group high on firer’s back. Lower body straps
+  may be fastened in second pair from the bottom of carrier eyelets to
+  conform to firer’s physique. Pins, which hold top ends of shoulder
+  straps to steel support between the fuel tanks, may be moved to any
+  two of the three holes so as to provide the best balance in the load.
+
+_e. Maintenance of carrier._ Keep carrier dry and clean. If flame
+thrower becomes wet or muddy, clean and dry carrier thoroughly. Store
+in a dry place. If rotted, mildewed, or damaged, replace affected
+parts. If cord frays or breaks, use special seine cord from service kit
+as replacement.
+
+
+
+
+Section XVII GUN GROUP
+
+
+72. GENERAL
+
+The gun group consists of the fuel-hose assembly and the gun. The gun
+includes the fuel valve, which controls the ejection of fuel, and the
+ignition head, which ignites the fuel.
+
+
+73. FUEL-HOSE ASSEMBLY.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 47) Hose, fuel, flame thrower,
+M1, assembly, provides a flexible connection between the fuel tanks and
+the gun.
+
+  (1) _Hose._ Made of synthetic rubber and reinforced with a cover of
+  metal wire and cotton braid, the hose resists the action of gasoline
+  and oil, and withstands a pressure of approximately 1,000 pounds per
+  square inch. Its inside diameter is 7/8 inch; its outside diameter is
+  approximately 1-1/4 inches.
+
+  (2) _Nipples._ The hose nipple, tank end, connects the hose to
+  the tank coupling on the tank group. The hose nipple, gun end, is
+  a threaded connector between the other end of the hose and the
+  fuel-valve body.
+
+_b. Removal of fuel-hose assembly._ Remove the hose from the gun only
+when necessary for maintenance. The threads in the fuel-valve body will
+be damaged by frequent screwing and unscrewing of the hose because the
+body is a lightweight aluminum casting. Fuel hose is replaced as a unit
+and is not disassembled in the second echelon. To disconnect from tank
+group, see Paragraph 70 _b_.
+
+_c. Installation of fuel-hose assembly._
+
+  (1) To install in tank group, see Paragraph 70 _c_.
+
+  (2) To install in gun, apply anti-seize compound (from service kit)
+  lightly to threads and screw hose in fuel-valve body by hand. Use
+  wrench only enough to make a secure connection.
+
+_d. Maintenance of fuel-hose assembly._ If the hose nipple, tank end,
+is badly nicked and does not provide a tight connection with a new
+coupling washer (Par 70):
+
+  (1) File the end surface, being careful to keep the surface at a
+  right angle to the sides of the nipple.
+
+  (2) Couple hose nipple, tank end, to tank coupling. If coupling
+  closes very easily, indicating washer is not being compressed,
+  replace the washer and recouple. If coupling still closes too freely,
+  the nipple has been filed too short, and the fuel-hose assembly
+  should be replaced as a unit.
+
+
+74. VALVE GRIP.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 47) The valve grip is part of
+the fuel valve. It includes the controls and is held by the firer in
+his right hand to support the gun group. Parts of the valve grip are:
+
+  (1) _Left and right valve grips._ A pistol-type grip is formed by two
+  aluminum housings designated as the left valve grip and the right
+  valve grip. The two parts are held together by four screws and four
+  lock washers.
+
+  (2) _Grip support._ This aluminum housing is mounted above the left
+  and right valve grips and connected to them by two screws and lock
+  washers.
+
+  (3) _Valve lever._ This control is made to fit the fingers and is
+  mounted in front of and between the two parts of the valve grip. A
+  pin at the top of the lever fits into holes in left and right valve
+  grips and serves as a pivot, governing the movement of the lever.
+  When the lever and the grip safety are compressed simultaneously by
+  the operator, the valve is thereby opened and fuel is ejected from
+  the gun.
+
+  (4) _Grip safety._ This control is grasped by the hand simultaneously
+  with the valve lever. It is mounted back of and between left and
+  right valve grips. A pin at the base of the safety fits into holes
+  in the left and right valve grips and serves as a pivot in a manner
+  similar to the pin on the valve lever. The fuel cannot be discharged
+  unless both the valve lever and the grip safety are compressed
+  simultaneously.
+
+  (5) _Rocker arm._ The rocker arm, a boat-shaped metal part, is
+  mounted near its center on a pin. It is held in contact with the
+  valve lever by means of a valve-grip spring and spring pin. At its
+  top end, the rocker arm touches the yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm
+  assembly. When the valve lever and the grip safety are compressed,
+  the rocker arm pushes the valve diaphragm assembly forward.
+
+  (6) _Valve-grip spring._ When the firer’s hand releases the valve
+  grip, the valve-grip spring forces the valve lever, the grip safety,
+  and the rocker arm back to their normal, nonoperating positions.
+
+_b. Removal of valve grip._
+
+  (1) Unscrew the four screws and lock washers that hold the grip
+  support to the valve body. Remove the valve grip as a unit.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 47. Fuel valve (disassembled) and fuel hose,
+showing nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for
+requisitioning spare parts.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 48. Location of parts in right valve grip before
+covering them with left valve grip.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 49. Using screw driver to push long end of
+valve-grip spring into groove in grip safety.]
+
+  (2) To disassemble valve grip, remove screws and lock washers from
+  the grip. Lift off the left valve grip, exposing contents of grip.
+  Lift out the following parts: valve-grip spring, rocker arm, grip
+  safety, and valve lever.
+
+_c. Installing valve grip._
+
+  (1) Place grip safety, valve lever, and rocker arm in position in
+  right valve grip. (Fig 48) Be sure the shorter end of rocker arm is
+  at the top. Place grip spring over spring pin. Slip short end of grip
+  spring in groove of rocker arm. Place long end of grip spring on
+  outside of grip safety.
+
+  (2) Put left valve grip in place and insert the two lower lock
+  washers and screws. Tighten the two screws enough to hold parts in
+  place and still leave space for moving long end of spring into the
+  groove in grip safety. Push spring into groove with a screw driver.
+  (Fig 49)
+
+  (3) With spring in place, fully tighten the two screws with screw
+  driver.
+
+  (4) Place grip support in position, and insert the two upper lock
+  washers and screws. Tighten screws, using screw driver.
+
+  (5) Attach valve grip to valve body, using the four lock washers and
+  inserting the four screws through the grip support. Make sure that
+  the yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm assembly is in front of rocker
+  arm.
+
+_d. Maintenance of valve grip._ No maintenance is required for the
+valve grip other than replacement of worn or damaged parts, tightening
+of screws, cleaning, and lubrication. (Par 49)
+
+
+75. BARREL AND VALVE-BODY ASSEMBLY.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 47) This assembly is part of the
+fuel valve. It includes the barrel, valve body, and operating parts
+contained in the barrel and valve body. The assembly consists of:
+
+  (1) _Valve body_, an aluminum housing, located at the rear of the
+  gun and mounted on the grip support by means of four screws and lock
+  washers. The valve body has four large threaded openings. The lower
+  opening leads into the valve grip. The side opening, which forms a
+  Y with the main portion of the body, is connected to the fuel-hose
+  assembly. The front opening is screwed on the barrel. The rear
+  opening is closed by the spring retainer and plug.
+
+  (2) _Valve-diaphragm assembly_, which transmits and reverses the
+  movement imparted to it by the rocker arm of the valve grip. (Par 74
+  _a_) It also serves as a seal, keeping fuel from entering the valve
+  grip. The valve-diaphragm assembly includes:
+
+    (_a_) _Yoke shaft_, on which the rocker arm bears at the lower end
+    of the shaft.
+
+    (_b_) _Yoke_, a Y-shaped metal part which fits on the upper end of
+    the yoke shaft and is held to it by a steel pin. The yoke transmits
+    motion from the shaft to the yoke block, and is located within the
+    valve body when the valve is assembled.
+
+    (_c_) _Diaphragm_, a synthetic-rubber diaphragm held in a steel
+    sleeve, which fits snugly in the lower opening of the valve body.
+    The yoke shaft passes through the diaphragm.
+
+  (3) _Diaphragm support, washer, and cap_, which hold the
+  valve-diaphragm assembly in place in the valve body.
+
+  (4) _Spring retainer_, a brass, hollow bushing which screws into the
+  rear opening of the valve body, and which is threaded internally
+  to receive the plug. The retainer has a hexagonal head to take a
+  1-3/8-inch wrench. As its name implies, the retainer holds the valve
+  spring in position.
+
+  (5) _Plug_, a brass part, resembling a cap screw, which fits into
+  the spring retainer, closing off the rear end of the gun. It permits
+  adjustment of the needle (see _d_ below) without removing the valve
+  spring and spring retainer.
+
+  (6) _Valve spring_, a coil spring located in the valve body between
+  the spring retainer and the yoke block. The spring keeps the needle
+  seated in the nozzle until compression of the grip safety and valve
+  lever forces back the yoke block, spring, and needle.
+
+  (7) _Yoke block_, a steel piece, 1 inch long, which fits into the
+  arms of the yoke Y. It is secured by an internal thread to the valve
+  needle. Movement of the yoke in turn moves the yoke block and the
+  valve needle.
+
+  (8) _Lock nut_, on the valve-needle thread at the rear of the yoke
+  block, which locks the block on the needle.
+
+  (9) _Valve-needle_, a pointed rod, which extends through the inside
+  of the barrel from the yoke block to the nozzle. The valve needle is
+  seated in the nozzle except when firing. It controls the ejection
+  of fuel from the nozzle. Two sets of three fins each, known as
+  needle guides, are mounted on the front and rear of the needle,
+  respectively. These guides keep the needle centered in the barrel.
+  The rear end of the valve needle is threaded to hold the yoke block
+  and permit adjustment of the needle by means of the lock nut which
+  screws on the threads. (See _d_ below.)
+
+  (10) _Barrel_ (Figs 47 and 54), which carries the fuel to the
+  ignition head. It also supports or contains other components of the
+  gun. The barrel assembly is replaced as a unit with the needle. It
+  consists of a tube, made of thin metal, with a threaded fitting at
+  the back end, and a nozzle brazed into the front end of the tube. The
+  nozzle ejects the fuel from the barrel through the ignition head. The
+  fuel emerges from two holes in the nozzle:
+
+    (_a_) _Atomizer hole_, a small opening which sprays a fine, readily
+    ignited mist of fuel. This helps ignite the main stream of fuel.
+
+    (_b_) _Main hole_, which is tapered inside, and which conveys the
+    main stream of fuel from the barrel. When the gun is not being
+    fired, the valve needle is seated in the main hole of the nozzle.
+    When the gun is being fired, the needle is withdrawn from the
+    nozzle seat, permitting the fuel to be forced from the gun.
+
+_b. Removal of barrel and valve-body assembly._ If gun group and
+tank group are connected, release any pressure in the fuel tanks by
+compressing the valve lever and the grip safety. Then disassemble as
+follows:
+
+  (1) Unscrew the fuel-hose assembly from the fuel-valve body only if
+  this is necessary for maintenance.
+
+  (2) Remove spring retainer and plug from end of fuel-valve body and
+  remove valve spring.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 50. Valve needle, yoke block, and lock nut ready for
+installation in fuel-valve body.]
+
+  (3) Unscrew diaphragm cap and pull out washer, support, and
+  valve-diaphragm assembly. To prevent loss of valve-needle adjustment
+  (Fig 54), do not disturb position of yoke block by turning the needle.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 51. Placing diaphragm assembly in position in
+fuel-valve body.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 52. Installing parts in fuel-valve body.]
+
+  (4) Slide the valve needle out of barrel; the yoke block and the lock
+  nut may then be unscrewed from the valve needle, but adjustment (see
+  _d_ below) will be necessary when reinstalling.
+
+_c. Installation of barrel and valve-body assembly._
+
+  (1) To install valve needle, screw the yoke block and lock nut on the
+  needle (Fig 50). Insert needle in valve body and barrel.
+
+  (2) Insert valve-diaphragm assembly into valve body (Fig 51), making
+  sure that the yoke slips into the flat notches of yoke block.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 53. Installing spring retainer in fuel-valve body.]
+
+  (3) Slip the diaphragm support, washer, and cap over the yoke shaft.
+  (Fig 52) Screw on the diaphragm cap by hand. Do not use a wrench.
+  Install valve grip. (Par 74 _c_)
+
+  (4) Place valve spring over end of needle and install spring
+  retainer. (Fig 53) Apply wrench very lightly to tighten spring
+  retainer.
+
+  (5) Adjust needle (see _d_ below), and screw plug into the spring
+  retainer.
+
+  (6) If hose has been removed, apply anti-seize compound lightly
+  to the threads. Screw hose into fuel-valve body. Wrench should be
+  applied very lightly to tighten.
+
+_d. Adjustment of valve needle._ Needle is adjusted after installation
+of parts in barrel and valve assembly. Use care when resetting needle,
+as smooth operation of the weapon depends on accurate adjustment.
+
+  (1) Remove ignition shield (Par 18) and plug from gun.
+
+  (2) Use the valve-adjusting wrench (Fig 8) to hold the lock nut and
+  apply a cabinet (narrow-bladed) screw driver (Fig 8) in the end of
+  the needle. Turn needle until it makes a snug fit in the nozzle
+  opening.
+
+  (3) Compress the valve lever and grip safety. The needle should draw
+  back into the nozzle with the tip of the needle at the smallest
+  diameter opening in the nozzle. (Fig 54)
+
+  (4) When the needle has been correctly adjusted, as in (3) above,
+  tighten the lock nut with the valve-adjusting wrench, keeping the
+  needle from turning with the screw driver. This will lock the
+  adjustment. Screw plug into the spring retainer.
+
+  (5) Replace ignition shield. (Par 18)
+
+_e. Maintenance of barrel and valve body._
+
+[Illustration: Fig 54. Valve-needle adjustment. Solid lines show needle
+in correct open position with point at smallest diameter of nozzle.
+Broken lines show needle in closed position.]
+
+  (1) _Damaged parts._ Replace worn or damaged parts. If the diaphragm
+  shows evidence of tears or separation, or if leaks occur at the
+  diaphragm, replace the valve-diaphragm assembly.
+
+  (2) _Valve spring._ If valve spring has lost resiliency, grasp it by
+  the ends and stretch slightly, or replace.
+
+  (3) _Nozzle leaks._ If valve leaks at nozzle, and cleaning (Par 55
+  _d_) does not remedy the leak, adjust needle (see _d_ above). If
+  leak persists, either replace barrel and needle, or lap seat. To
+  lap, place lapping compound on seat (in nozzle) and on needle point.
+  Turn needle in seat until parts make a tight connection when seated.
+  Remove lapping compound, reassemble, adjust needle, and test fire.
+
+  (4) _Atomizer hole._ If atomizer hole is clogged, clean with fine
+  wire. (Par 52 _i_)
+
+
+76. IGNITION HEAD.
+
+_a. Description and functioning._ (Fig 55) The ignition head ignites
+the fuel when the flame thrower is fired. It is mounted on the fore
+part of the barrel. It consists of:
+
+  (1) _Ignition-head body_, which includes half of the front grip.
+  Three set screws serve to tighten the ignition-head body to the
+  barrel. The ignition-head body is made of aluminum.
+
+  (2) _Trigger and trigger bearing_, held between the ignition-head
+  body and the coverplate by the trigger screw.
+
+  (3) _Trigger rod_, one end of which is held in the trigger bearing,
+  the other extending through the ignition-head body. Pulling the
+  trigger shoves the trigger rod forward, causing it to push a match in
+  the ignition cylinder. The match ignites an incendiary charge in the
+  ignition cylinder.
+
+  (4) _Trigger spring_, which hooks over a projection of the trigger
+  and is held at its lower end by a screw, which is held in the
+  ignition-head body. This spring pulls the trigger rod back from the
+  firing position after the firer releases the trigger.
+
+  (5) _Latch_, located in the ignition-head body, in front of and above
+  the trigger guard. The latch, set on a pin, engages the notch of the
+  ignition shield, locking it in place. A latch spring holds latch in
+  position.
+
+  (6) _Coverplate_, an aluminum casting which constitutes the left
+  section of the front grip and covers the working parts seated in the
+  ignition head body. The coverplate and body are held together by four
+  screws and four lock washers.
+
+  (7) _Spring case_, which turns the ignition cylinder when the trigger
+  is pulled.
+
+    (_a_) Four projections on the inner spring case are bent over the
+    outer spring case to hold the two parts together.
+
+    (_b_) The inner-case pin (Fig 56) engages a stop on the inside of
+    the ignition cylinder. The five projecting metal matches on the
+    inside of the ignition cylinder are each in turn stopped by the lug
+    on the forward-facing surface of the ignition-head body.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 55. Ignition head disassembled, showing nomenclature
+and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for requisitioning spare
+parts.]
+
+    When the trigger is pulled, the trigger rod pushes a match forward,
+    causing an incendiary charge in the ignition cylinder to ignite.
+    The spring in the case rotates the ignition cylinder until another
+    match is stopped by the lug.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 56. Parts of ignition head and ignition cylinder.]
+
+    (_c_) The outer-case pin (on the outside surface of the outer
+    spring case) fits into the notch in the ignition shield and holds
+    the spring case as the shield is screwed into position. This action
+    winds the spring in the case.
+
+    (_d_) A snap ring holds the spring case on the ignition-head body.
+
+  (8) _Ignition shield_, a cylindrical, thin-metal tube with a conical
+  front end. The shield guides the flame and protects the firer. Eight
+  holes around the base of the cone provide an air intake for burning
+  the fuel. The base of the shield is threaded, and it screws onto
+  the ignition-head body. A notch (Fig 56) in the base of the shield
+  receives the latch and the outer-case pin of the spring case.
+
+_b. Removal of ignition head._ To remove the ignition head, proceed as
+follows:
+
+  (1) Remove shield by lifting latch and unscrewing shield
+  counterclockwise. (Fig 14) Keep hands and face away from front of
+  barrel.
+
+  (2) If ignition cylinder has not been removed, remove it or allow it
+  to fall off barrel.
+
+  (3) Pry off snap ring which holds spring case in position, using
+  screw driver. (Fig 57) Be careful not to damage or break the
+  ignition-head body by applying too much leverage.
+
+  (4) Remove the four screws and lock washers which hold ignition-head
+  body and coverplate together. Lift off coverplate.
+
+  (5) Trigger, trigger spring, trigger rod, latch, and latch spring may
+  be removed.
+
+  (6) Using a hex wrench, loosen set screws (Fig 58) and withdraw
+  barrel from ignition head.
+
+_c. Installation of ignition head._ To install ignition head, proceed
+as follows:
+
+  (1) Insert barrel in ignition-head body, pushing it as far forward as
+  the shoulder on the barrel permits.
+
+  (2) Aline front grip and valve grip.
+
+  (3) Using hex wrench, tighten set screws on barrel enough to hold but
+  not so tight that barrel is dented.
+
+  (4) Place latch, latch spring, trigger and bearing, trigger rod, and
+  trigger spring in position.
+
+  (5) Put coverplate on ignition-head body and replace the four lock
+  washers and screws.
+
+  (6) Slip spring case over barrel, and lock by forcing snap ring into
+  the groove.
+
+  (7) When weapon is to be used on a mission, fit ignition cylinder
+  and ignition shield in place on nozzle end of barrel as described in
+  Paragraph 18.
+
+_d. Maintenance of ignition head._
+
+  (1) _Servicing._ The ignition head should be cleaned and lubricated
+  each time it is disassembled. (Par 49)
+
+  (2) _Spring-case assembly._ If outer case rotates and inner case does
+  not, and no spring action occurs, spring is broken and spring case
+  should be replaced as a unit. Do not disassemble or repair this part.
+
+  (3) _Trigger rod and lug._ When trigger is pulled all the way, end
+  of trigger rod should extend 1/16 inch beyond lug on forward-facing
+  surface of ignition-head body. If end of trigger rod is worn, replace
+  rod. Lug on the ignition-head body should be approximately 7/32 inch
+  high. If lug is worn or broken, replace ignition head body.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 57. Prying snap ring from ignition head to remove
+spring case.]
+
+[Illustration: Fig 58. Loosening set screws with wrench so ignition
+head may be lifted off barrel.]
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX
+
+
+
+
+Section XVIII SHIPMENT
+AND STORAGE
+
+
+77. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE.
+
+The flame thrower is shipped and stored in a wooden packing case (Fig
+59), which measures approximately 34 inches by 23 inches by 19 inches.
+Cubage of the case is approximately 8-1/2 cubic feet.
+
+[Illustration: Fig 59. Opened packing chest showing flame thrower and
+other contents as received.]
+
+_a. Storage procedure._ After use and servicing (Pars 55 and 56), if
+the weapon is not to be promptly reused on another mission, it should
+be returned to the packing case. Before disconnecting the gun group
+from the tank group and storing the weapon, the ignition cylinder
+should be removed, the fuel discharged, and the pressure released.
+Operate fuel valve to release any residual pressure in the fuel tanks.
+The deflector tube must be removed from the safety head (Fig 11) to
+permit the tank group to fit into the chest. The deflector tube should
+be kept in the spare parts kit or tool kit until the next use of the
+weapon. The spare parts kit, the tool kit, the extra cans of cylinders,
+TM 3-376A, and the coupling plug (Fig 7) should remain in the chest
+except when they are being used. Wooden fittings hold the tank group in
+place, with the pressure tank up. The gun group is disconnected from
+the tank group and is kept with fuel hose connected to the gun on the
+gun mounting board in the chest. (Fig 10)
+
+_b. Rust prevention._ If the flame thrower, parts, and tools are to be
+stored for a considerable length of time, especially in a damp climate,
+all exposed metal surfaces should be covered with a rust-preventive
+compound. Store in a dry place.
+
+
+
+
+Section XIX LIST OF REFERENCES
+
+
+78. REFERENCES.
+
+References pertaining to the care and use of flame throwers include:
+
+  AR 850-20  Precautions in Handling Gasoline
+
+  AR 850-60  Compressed Gas Cylinders; Safe Handling,
+               Storing, Shipping, Using
+
+  FM 31-50   Attack on a Fortified Position and Combat in
+               Towns
+
+  FM 100-5   Operations
+
+  TM 3-220   Decontamination
+
+  TM 9-850   Cleaning, Preserving, Lubricating, and Welding
+               Materials and Similar Items Issued by
+               the Ordnance Department
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+                                                     _Paragraphs_
+
+- A -
+
+  Adjustable-end wrench,                             10_a_, 48_a_
+
+  Adjustment of fire,                                   25, 26_c_
+
+  After firing,                                        30, 55, 56
+
+  After six missions,                                          56
+
+  Aging of fuel,                                            35_j_
+
+  Aiming,                                           25, 26_c_, 34
+
+  Air compressor,                             32_a_, 32_b_, 39_a_
+
+  Alcohol,                                                  35_a_
+
+  Angles of tanks when firing,                              24_b_
+
+  Anti-seize compound
+    source of,                                              48_b_
+    use of,                                   58_b_, 70_c_, 73_c_
+
+  Assistants,                                            4_f_, 15
+
+  Atomizer hole
+    cleaning,                                               52_i_
+    description,                                            75_a_
+
+
+- B -
+
+  Barrel
+    adjustment,                                      52_e_, 75_d_
+    cleaning,                                        55_d_, 55_i_
+    damage to,                                          62, 75_e_
+    description,                                            75_a_
+    maintenance,                                        62, 75_e_
+
+  Barrel and valve-body assembly,                              75
+
+  Bleeders,                                                 32_c_
+
+  Burning time of fuels,                                       34
+
+  Bursts,                               4_b_, 9_b_, 25_c_, 28, 29
+
+  Bushing, pipe, 3/4 inch by 1/2 inch,            8, 10_b_, 48_b_
+
+
+- C -
+
+  Cap, diaphragm,                                              75
+
+  Capacity, fuel,                                     9_e_, 68_a_
+
+  Carrier
+    adjustment,                                 19, 56_e_, 60, 71
+    description,                                      5_a_, 71_a_
+    installation,                                           71_c_
+    maintenance,                                            71_e_
+    preventive maintenance,                             51, 55_h_
+    removal,                                                71_b_
+
+  Carrier frame,                                               71
+
+  Carrier pack,                                                71
+
+  Carrying the flame thrower,        19, 20, 55_b_, 56_e_, 60, 71
+
+  Catalog,                                                  48_b_
+
+  Charging of pressure tank,           4_g_, 32, 33, 61_c_, 66_a_
+
+  Check valve
+    description,  66_a_
+    installation,  66_b_
+    operation,                                      31, 32, 53_d_
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+    replacement,                                            66_e_
+
+  Cleaning
+    gun,             49_a_, 55, 56_f_, 58_c_, 74_d_, 75_e_, 76_d_
+    tank group,                           55, 58_c_, 68_c_, 71_e_
+
+  Cold weather,                                 34-36, 44, 49, 64
+
+  Compound, anti-seize
+    source of,                                              48_b_
+    use of,                                   58_b_, 70_c_, 73_c_
+
+  Compound, pipe thread (anti-seize),  48_b_, 58_b_, 70_c_, 73_c_
+
+  Compressed air
+    charging apparatus,                         32, 33, 46, 48_b_
+    leaks,                                           56_b_, 61_c_
+    release of,                                             66_b_
+    volume required,                                  9_g_, 32_c_
+
+  Compressor, air,                                   32_a_, 32_b_
+
+  Controls,                                14, 21, 26, 61, 74, 76
+
+  Cord
+    description,                                            71_a_
+    installation,                                           71_c_
+    replacement,                                 48_b_, 60, 71_e_
+    tightening,                                  51_h_, 60, 71_d_
+
+  Cotter pins,                                                 71
+
+  Coupling plug,                      10_f_, 17, 39_c_, 48_b_, 70
+
+  Coupling washer,                 10_b_, 48_b_, 58_f_, 70, 73_d_
+
+  Coverplate,                                                  76
+
+  Cubage,                                                    9_d_
+
+  Crankcase drainings,                                         36
+
+  Cylinders
+    destruction,                                               46
+    number required,                                  9_g_, 32_b_
+    use of, in charging,                                   32, 33
+    use of, in filling,                                        39
+
+- D -
+
+  Dampness
+    effect on fuel,                                         35_e_
+    effect on ignition cylinder,                           31, 41
+    effect on thickener,                                    35_e_
+    effect on weapon,                     41, 51_g_, 71_e_, 77_b_
+
+  Deflector tube,                                12_j_, 69, 77_a_
+
+  Description of flame thrower,                          5, 65-76
+
+  Destruction
+    accessories,                                       46_b_, _d_
+    flame thrower,                                          46_a_
+    fuel,                                                   46_c_
+    ignition cylinders,                              30_a_, 46_f_
+    thickener,                                              46_e_
+
+  Diaphragm,                                                   75
+
+  Diaphragm cap,                                               75
+
+  Diaphragm support,                                           75
+
+  Diaphragm, valve, assembly,  10_b_, 48_b_, 56_e_, 58_a_, 74, 75
+
+  Diaphragm washer,                                            75
+
+  Diesel oil,                                          35, 36, 40
+
+  Differences in models,                                        7
+
+  Diffusion-pipe assembly,                                 67, 68
+
+  Dimensions,                                                9_d_
+
+  Discharge time,                                            9_b_
+
+  Dome-type regulator,                                      67_d_
+
+  Drums,                                                    35-40
+
+  Duration of fire,                                      9_b_, 34
+
+  Dust
+    blowing out,                                            33_j_
+    effect on operation,                                       42
+
+
+- E -
+
+  E1 ignition cylinders,                                18_a_, 31
+
+  E3 portable flame thrower,                                 7_a_
+
+  Engineers’ wrenches,                               10_a_, 48_a_
+
+
+- F -
+
+  Filling fuel tanks
+    by blowing,                                                39
+    by force pump,                                             38
+    by pouring,                                                37
+    service when filling,                                      53
+
+  Filling plug,                      37, 39, 49, 51_d_, 56_b_, 69
+
+  Filling with fuel,                                  4_g_, 34-40
+
+  Fire precautions,                                 15_c_, 40, 55
+
+  Firers,                                                4_f_, 15
+
+  Firing technique,                              26-30, 54, 56_b_
+
+  Flexible shaft, valve
+    adjustment,                                             66_d_
+    description,                                            66_a_
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+
+  Frame clamp,                                          68_a_, 71
+
+  Fuel
+    capacity,                                         9_e_, 68_a_
+    characteristics,                                           34
+    destruction,                                            46_c_
+    left in tanks,                                          24_b_
+    per 100 fillings,                                        9_g_
+    precautions,                                        35-40, 41
+    preparation,                                           35, 40
+    ranges,                                                    22
+    weight,                                                  9_c_
+
+  Fuel-filling hose,                                           39
+
+  Fuel-filling line,                                    39, 46_b_
+
+  Fuel hose
+    description,                                            70_a_
+    installation,                                70_c_, 73_c_, 75
+    length,                                                  9_d_
+    maintenance,                                 40_j_, 52, 73_d_
+    removal,                              40_j_, 70_b_, 73_b_, 75
+    replacement,                          5_b_, 48_b_, 58, 70, 73
+    stiffening of,                                             21
+
+  Fuel oils,                                           35, 36, 40
+
+  Fuel tanks
+    angle when firing,                                      24_b_
+    cleaning,                                        53_a_, 53_b_
+    description,                                      5_a_, 68_a_
+    fuel level,                                      53_b_, 68_a_
+    inspection,                                             53_a_
+    installation,                                           68_b_
+    maintenance,                                            68_c_
+    removal,                                                68_b_
+
+  Fuel valve
+    adjustment,                                             61_a_
+    cleaning,                                        56_f_, 61_d_
+    description,                               5_b_, 74_a_, 75_a_
+    effects of dirt,                                           42
+    failure to close,                                          62
+    installation,                             61_a_, 74_c_, 75_c_
+    leaks,                                                 56, 58
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    operation,                  14_c_, 26_b_, 61_a_, 74_a_, 75_a_
+    removal,                                         74_b_, 75_b_
+    testing,                                                56_c_
+
+  Funnel,                                                   35-37
+
+
+- G -
+
+  Gage, fuel-tank testing,                    48_b_, 56_b_, 67_d_
+
+  Gage, pressure testing,              48_b_, 53_d_, 56_b_, 67_d_
+
+  Gasoline, in fuels,                               34-40, 43, 44
+
+  Gloves,                                                   20_g_
+
+  Grease,                                                      49
+
+  Grip safety,                           14_c_, 49, 56_d_, 62, 74
+
+  Grip support,                                                74
+
+  Gun
+    assembling,                                             74-76
+    carrying,                                                  25
+    cleaning,            55_d_, 55_i_, 56_f_, 74_d_, 75_e_, 76_d_
+    description,                              5_b_, 14, 72, 74-76
+    disassembling,                                          74-76
+    length,                                                  9_d_
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    mounting board,                                         10_e_
+    preventive maintenance,                         50, 52, 54-56
+    requisitioning,                                          5_b_
+    storage,                                                12_g_
+
+  Gun group
+    assembling,                                             72-76
+    connecting to tank group,                          17, 70, 73
+    description,                                  5_b_, 14, 72-76
+    disassembly,                                            72-76
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    maintenance,                                            72-76
+    preventive maintenance,                         50, 52, 54-56
+    storage,                                                12_g_
+    weight,                                                  9_c_
+
+
+- H -
+
+  Heat, effect on fuel,                             34-36, 40, 43
+
+  Hex wrenches,                 10_a_, 48_a_, 67_d_, 76_b_, 76_c_
+
+  Hose connector,                                           68_a_
+
+  Hose, fuel
+    description,                                            73_a_
+    installation,                                70_c_, 73_c_, 75
+    length,                                                  9_d_
+    maintenance,                                     40_j_, 73_d_
+    removal,                              40_j_, 70_c_, 73_b_, 75
+    replacement,                          5_b_, 48_b_, 58, 70, 73
+    stiffening of,                                             21
+
+
+- I -
+
+  Identification,                                               6
+
+  Ignition action,                               14_b_, 44, 76_a_
+
+  Ignition cylinders
+    action,                                      14_b_, 31, 76_a_
+    description,                                        31, 76_a_
+    destruction,                                     30_a_, 46_f_
+    discarding,                                             30_a_
+    duration of fire,                                        9_b_
+    failure,                                        54_a_, 63, 64
+    loading of gun,                                     18, 76_a_
+    packing,                                            10_c_, 31
+    precautions,                                       18, 20, 31
+    storing,                                               31, 41
+    use in training,                          15_b_, 18_a_, 30_a_
+
+  Ignition failure,          18, 26, 31, 44, 54_a_, 63, 64, 76_d_
+
+  Ignition head
+    assembling,                                             76_c_
+    cleaning,                                49, 52, 54_a_, 76_d_
+    description,                                      5_b_, 76_a_
+    disassembling,                                      18, 76_b_
+    effects of dirt,                                       42, 52
+    failure,                                 54_a_, 63, 64, 76_d_
+    installation,                                           76_c_
+    loading,                                            18, 76_a_
+    lubrication,                                        49, 76_d_
+    maintenance,                                            76_d_
+    removal,                                                76_b_
+
+  Ignition-head body,                                          76
+
+  Ignition shield,                    18, 52_d_, 54_a_, 55_d_, 76
+
+  Immersion,                                      effects of,  41
+
+  Incendiary effects,                                   3, 34, 44
+
+  Interchanging with E3,                                     7_a_
+
+  Interchanging with M1 or M1A1,                          7_b_, 8
+
+
+- J -
+
+  Jungle ranges,                                               22
+
+
+- K -
+
+  Kerosene,                                      35_a_, 36_a_, 40
+
+  Kit
+    tool,                                               10, 77_a_
+    spare parts,                                        10, 77_a_
+    service,                                                   48
+
+
+- L -
+
+  Lapping needle and nozzle,                                75_e_
+
+  Latch,                                                       76
+
+  Leaded gasoline,                                          40_n_
+
+  Leaks
+    fuel,                             56, 58, 66_b_, 68-70, 73-75
+    pressure,               21, 51_b_, 53_d_, 56_b_, 61_c_, 66_b_
+
+  Left valve grip,                                             74
+
+  Line, fuel-filling,                                          39
+
+  Lines, charging and filling
+    destruction,                                               46
+    source,                                                 48_b_
+    use,                                                   32, 33
+
+  Liquid fuels
+    aiming,                                                    25
+    characteristics,                                           34
+    filling,                                               37, 38
+    precautions,                                            36-40
+    preparation,                                           35, 40
+    ranges,                                                22, 34
+
+  Loading ignition cylinder,                            18, 76_a_
+
+  Lubrication,                                                 49
+
+
+- M -
+
+  Marking,                                               6, 18_a_
+
+  M1 and M1A1 portable flame throwers,                    7_b_, 8
+
+  Moisture
+    effect on fuel,                                         35_e_
+    effect on ignition cylinder,                           31, 41
+    effect on thickener,                                    35_e_
+    effect on weapon,                     41, 51_g_, 71_e_, 77_b_
+
+  Mounting board,                                           12_g_
+
+
+- N -
+
+  Needle
+    adjustment,                                      52_e_, 75_d_
+    cleaning,                                           52, 55_d_
+    description,                                            75_a_
+    installation,                                           75_c_
+    leaks,                                                     58
+    removal,                                                75_b_
+
+  Nitrogen
+    charging apparatus,                         32, 33, 46, 48_b_
+    leaks,                                           56_b_, 61_c_
+    release of,                                             66_b_
+    volume required,                                  9_g_, 32_c_
+
+  Nozzle
+    adjustment,                               52_e_, 56_b_, 75_d_
+    cleaning,                                           52, 55_d_
+    description,                                            75_a_
+    leaks,                                       56_b_, 58, 75_e_
+
+
+- O -
+
+  Oxygen, hazard from use,                                  32_c_
+
+
+- P -
+
+  Packing chest
+    cubage,                                                  9_d_
+    dimensions,                                              9_d_
+    opening,                                                   12
+    use of,                                                12, 30
+    weight,                                                  9_c_
+
+  Paddle,                                                  35, 36
+
+  Painting,                                         13, 41, 68_c_
+
+  Pins, (carrier)                                              71
+
+  Plug, coupling,                     10_f_, 17, 39_c_, 48_b_, 70
+
+  Plug, filling,                     37, 39, 49, 51_d_, 56_b_, 69
+
+  Plug-retainer assembly,                                      69
+
+  Plug, safety-head,                        37, 39, 49, 51_d_, 69
+
+  Plug, testing,                                     56_b_, 67_d_
+
+  Point-blank range,                                           22
+
+  Positions, firing,                                           24
+
+  Precautions
+    in training,                                               15
+    when charging,                                             33
+    when filling with fuel,                                 37-40
+    when firing,                                     22_a_, 24_d_
+    when preparing fuel,                               35, 36, 40
+    when servicing,                                            57
+    with cylinder,                                     18, 31, 57
+    with gun,                                                  20
+
+  Pressure
+    charging,                                              32, 33
+    charging apparatus,                         32, 33, 46, 48_b_
+    lack of,                                            56_b_, 61
+    leaks,                                           56_b_, 61_c_
+    pounds of,                                    9_f_, 32, 56_b_
+    release of,                                             66_b_
+    testing for,                                     53_d_, 56_b_
+
+  Pressure regulator
+    adjustment,                                  56_b_, 59, 67_d_
+    description,                                      5_a_, 67_a_
+    effects of dirt,                                           42
+    installation,                                    66_c_, 67_c_
+    removal,                                                67_b_
+    replacement,                             48_b_, 56_b_, 59, 67
+    testing,                                  56_b_, 61_b_, 67_d_
+
+  Pressure tank
+    charging,                                              32, 33
+    description,                                      5_a_, 66_a_
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+    replacement,                                      4_g_, 48_b_
+
+  Pressure tank and valve assembly
+    adjustment,                                             66_d_
+    description,                                      5_a_, 66_a_
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    maintenance,                                            66_e_
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+    testing for leaks,                                      53_d_
+
+  Pressure-tank clamp
+    description,                                            66_a_
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+    repair,                                                 51_e_
+
+  Pressure-tank valve
+    description,                                      5_a_, 66_a_
+    effects of dirt,                                           42
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    operation,                            14_a_, 21, 55_g_, 61_b_
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+    replacement,                                     48_b_, 66_e_
+    testing,                                         51_a_, 53_c_
+
+  Pressure-tank valve handle,                14_a_, 21, 48_b_, 66
+
+  Preventive maintenance services,                          50-56
+
+  Pump
+    force,                                                     38
+    air,                                                    39_a_
+
+
+- R -
+
+  Rain, effect on firing,                               41, 77_b_
+
+  Ranges,                       4_c_, 15_b_, 15_c_, 22, 61, 67_d_
+
+  Recoil,                                                   24_c_
+
+  Records,                                               2, 49_a_
+
+  References,                                            1_b_, 78
+
+  Regulator tube,                                          66, 67
+
+  Removal of tank group,                             55_b_, 66-71
+
+  Right valve grip,                                            74
+
+  Rocker arm,                                       49, 74, 75_a_
+
+
+- S -
+
+  Safety, grip,                                     14_c_, 62, 74
+
+  Safety-head plug,                             37, 39, 51_d_, 69
+
+  Safety head, replacement,    51_d_, 54_b_, 55_f_, 56_b_, 59, 69
+
+  Screening effect,                                         3, 34
+
+  Screw drivers,         10_a_, 48_a_, 52_f_, 74_c_, 75_d_, 76_b_
+
+  Seine cord
+    description,                                            71_a_
+    installation,                                           71_c_
+    replacement,                                 48_b_, 60, 71_e_
+    tightening,                                  51_h_, 60, 71_d_
+
+  Service kit,                                                 48
+
+  Service, on receipt of equipment,                        12, 13
+
+  Set-screw wrenches,           10_a_, 48_a_, 67_d_, 76_b_, 76_c_
+
+  Shield, ignition,                   18, 52_d_, 54_a_, 55_d_, 76
+
+  Shipment,                                                    77
+
+  Short range, causes of,                                      61
+
+  Sighting,                                                    25
+
+  Skids, use of,                                               24
+
+  Smoke,                                                    3, 34
+
+  Smoking,                                              15, 40_d_
+
+  Snap ring,                                                   76
+
+  Soaking the target,                                          29
+
+  Spare parts in service kit,                           48, 77_a_
+
+  Spare parts kit,                                          10_b_
+
+  Spray of fuel,                                            61_a_
+
+  Spring case
+    cleaning,                                        52_j_, 76_d_
+    description,                                               76
+    effects of dust,                                    42, 52_j_
+    general,                                    10_b_, 18, 31, 76
+    lubrication at,                              49, 52_j_, 76_d_
+    maintenance,                                            76_d_
+    replacement,                              48_b_, 63_b_, 76_d_
+
+  Spring retainer and plug,                             52_g_, 75
+
+  Spring, trigger,                                      63_d_, 76
+
+  Spring-type regulator,                                    67_d_
+
+  Spring, valve,                                               75
+
+  Spring, valve-grip,                                          74
+
+  Stem, pressure valve,                                     66_d_
+
+  Storage
+    charging lines,                                            42
+    cylinders,                                          33, 77_a_
+    filling lines,                                             42
+    flame thrower,                          12, 30_f_, 41, 42, 77
+    fuel,                                        35_j_, 36_i_, 40
+    ignition cylinders,                                        31
+
+  Straps, adjustment,                     19, 51_i_, 60_b_, 71_d_
+
+  Sun, exposure of flame thrower to,                       40, 43
+
+  Support, diaphragm,                                          75
+
+
+- T -
+
+  Tactics,                                                3, 4_e_
+
+  Tank connector,                                           68_a_
+
+  Tank coupling
+    cleaning,                                               70_d_
+    description,                                            70_a_
+    installation,                                           70_c_
+    leaks,                                              58, 70_d_
+    maintenance,                       51_c_, 70_c_, 70_d_, 73_d_
+    operation,                                      17, 70, 73_a_
+    removal,                                                70_b_
+    testing,                                                51_c_
+
+  Tank group
+    adjustment,                                             66-71
+    carrying,                                   19, 24, 55_b_, 71
+    connecting to gun,                               4_g_, 17, 70
+    description,                                      5_a_, 65-71
+    dimensions,                                              9_d_
+    interchanging,                                   4_g_, 17, 70
+    installation,                                           66-71
+    maintenance,                                            66-71
+    preventive maintenance,                         50, 51, 53-56
+    removal,                                         55_b_, 66-71
+    requisitioning,                                          5_a_
+    weight,                                                  9_c_
+
+  Targets,                                                  3, 25
+
+  Temperature, effects of,              34-36, 40, 43, 44, 49, 64
+
+  Test firing,                         12_k_, 35_k_, 36_h_, 56_b_
+
+  Thickened fuel
+    aiming,                                          25_c_, 26_c_
+    characteristics,                                           34
+    filling,                                                37-39
+    precautions,                                       35, 39, 40
+    preparation,                                           35, 40
+    ranges,                                                22, 34
+
+  Thickener
+    destruction,                                            46_e_
+    quantity,                                            9_g_, 35
+    storage,                                                   35
+    use,                                                       35
+
+  Time of discharge,                                         9_b_
+
+  Tool kit,                                          10_a_, 77_a_
+
+  Training,                                             15, 30_a_
+
+  Trigger,                           14_b_, 26_a_, 49, 52, 63, 76
+
+  Trigger rod
+    description,                                            76_a_
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    maintenance,                                     52_l_, 76_d_
+
+  Trigger screw,                                               76
+
+  Trigger spring,                                52_k_, 63_d_, 76
+
+
+- U -
+
+  Underbrush,                                               22_b_
+
+  Uses of flame throwers,                                       3
+
+
+- V -
+
+  Valve-adjusting wrench
+    source,                                                 48_a_
+    use,                                                    75_d_
+
+  Valve, pressure-tank,                                        75
+
+  Valve-diaphragm assembly,       10, 48_b_, 56_c_, 58_a_, 74, 75
+
+  Valve flexible shaft
+    adjustment,                                             66_d_
+    description,                                            66_a_
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+
+  Valve grip
+    action,                                          14_c_, 74_a_
+    description,                                            74_a_
+    effects of dirt,                                           42
+    installation,                                           74_c_
+    leaks,                                                  58_a_
+    lubrication,                                 49, 56_d_, 74_d_
+    maintenance,                                            74_d_
+    removal,                                                74_b_
+
+  Valve-grip spring,                                           74
+
+  Valve lever
+    description,                                            74_a_
+    installation,                                           74_c_
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    operation,                                   14_c_, 62, 74_a_
+    play,                                                   52_e_
+    removal,                                                74_b_
+
+  Valve needle
+    adjustment,                                      52_e_, 75_d_
+    cleaning,                                           52, 55_d_
+    description,                                            75_a_
+    installation,                                           75_c_
+    leaks,                                                     58
+    removal,                                         75_b_, 75_e_
+
+  Valve, fuel
+    adjustment,                                             61_a_
+    cleaning,                                        56_f_, 61_d_
+    description,                               5_b_, 74_a_, 75_a_
+    effects of dirt,                                           42
+    failure to close,                                          62
+    installation,                             61_a_, 74_c_, 75_c_
+    leaks,                                              56_c_, 58
+    lubrication,                                               49
+    operation,                  14_c_, 26_b_, 61_a_, 74_a_, 75_a_
+    removal,                                         74_c_, 75_c_
+    testing,                                                56_c_
+
+  Valve pressure-tank
+    description,                                      5_a_, 66_a_
+    effects of dirt,                                           42
+    installation,                                           66_c_
+    operation,                            14_a_, 21, 55_g_, 61_b_
+    removal,                                                66_b_
+    replacement,                                     48_b_, 66_e_
+    testing,                                         51_a_, 53_c_
+
+  Valve spring,                                                75
+
+  Void in fuel tanks,                                53_b_, 68_a_
+
+
+- W -
+
+  Washer, coupling,                       10_b_, 48_b_, 70, 73_d_
+
+  Washer, diaphragm,                                           75
+
+  Water
+    and ignition cylinder,                                 31, 41
+    effect on fuel,                                         35_e_
+    effect on thickener,                                    35_e_
+    effect on weapon,                            41, 51_g_, 71_e_
+    use in testing,                                  56_b_, 67_d_
+    use in training,                                           15
+
+  Weights,                                             4_d_, 9_c_
+
+  Wind, effects of,                                        23, 45
+
+  Wrenches,                                   10_a_, 48_a_, 67_d_
+
+
+- Y -
+
+  Yoke,                                                        75
+
+  Yoke block,                                                  75
+
+  Yoke shaft,                                                  75
+
+
+
+
+_NOTES_
+
+
+
+
+  REPRODUCTION PLANT
+  CHEMICAL WARFARE SCHOOL
+  EDGEWOOD ARSENAL MD
+  1944
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of War Department Technical Manual TM
+3-376 A,, by War Department
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PORTABLE FLAME THROWER ***
+
+***** This file should be named 53669-0.txt or 53669-0.zip *****
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of War Department Technical Manual TM 3-376 A,, by 
+War Department
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
+other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
+the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
+to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
+
+
+
+Title: War Department Technical Manual TM 3-376 A,
+       Portable Flame Thrower M2-2
+
+Author: War Department
+
+Release Date: December 5, 2016 [EBook #53669]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PORTABLE FLAME THROWER ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by deaurider, Brian Wilcox and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="transnote covernote">
+<p>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h1>
+<span class="smaller"><em>War Department Technical Manual<br />
+TM 3-376A</em></span><br />
+<br />PORTABLE<br />
+<br />FLAME THROWER<br />
+<br />M2-2</h1>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/i_f01.jpg" width="100" height="99" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center"><em>RESTRICTED</em></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+<p class="noindent">DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER. The information contained in
+restricted documents and the essential characteristics of restricted
+material may be given to any person known to be in the service of the
+United States and to persons of undoubted loyalty and discretion who
+are cooperating in Government work, but will not be communicated to the
+public or to the press except by authorized military public relations
+agencies. (See also par. 18b, AR 380-5, 28 Sep 1942.)</p></div>
+
+
+<h2><span class="normal"><em>War Department - 16 May 1944</em><br />
+<em>Washington, D. C.</em></span></h2>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p class="right">WAR DEPARTMENT,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
+Washington, 25, D. C. 16 May 1944</p>
+
+<p>TM 3-376A, Portable Flame Thrower M2-2 is published for the information
+and guidance of all concerned.</p>
+
+<p class="padt1"><span class="add3em">[A. G. 300.7 (21 March 44)]</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1">By order of the Secretary of War:</p>
+
+<p class="right">G. C. MARSHALL,<br />
+<span class="u">Chief of Staff.</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Official:<br />
+<span class="add2em">J. A. ULIO,</span><br />
+<span class="add4em u">Major General</span>,<br />
+<span class="add6em u">The Adjutant General</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Distribution:<br />
+R &amp; H (5); Bn 2, 7, 17 (2); C &amp; H 3 (5); IC &amp; H 5 (5); C 2, 7, 17 (2);
+X. ID: T/O &amp; E 72T, Light Div; 17, Armd Div; IR: T/O 5-192, Hq &amp; Hq Co,
+Engr Comb Gr; 5-171, Engr Comb Regt; IBn: T/O 5-15, Engr Comb Bn; 5-35,
+Engr Bn Sep; 5-175, Engr Bn, Comb Regt; 5-215, Armd Engr Bn; 5-475T,
+Engr Bn, Light Div; IC: T/O 5-16, Hq &amp; Hq &amp; Sv Co, Engr Combat Bn;
+5-17, Engr Comb Co; 5-192, Hq &amp; Hq Co, Engr Comb Gr; 5-36, Hq &amp; Hq &amp; Sv
+Co, Engr Bn (Sep); 5-37, Co, Engr Bn (Sep); 5-176, Hq &amp; Hq Det, Engr
+Bn, Engr Comb Regt; 5-216, Hq &amp; Hq Co, Armd Engr Bn; 5-217, Co, Armd
+Engr Bn; 5-476T, Hq &amp; Hq Co, Engr Bn, Light Div; 5477-T, Co, Engr Bn,
+Light Div.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">(For explanation of symbols see Par 26, FM 21-6)</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1f" id="Page_1f">1</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="TECHNICAL_MANUAL"><span class="small">TECHNICAL MANUAL</span><br />
+<br />
+PORTABLE FLAME THROWER M2-2</h2>
+
+<p class="right">WAR DEPARTMENT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />
+<span class="smcap">Washington</span>, 25, D. C., 16 May 1945</p>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Changes</span>}<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}</p>
+<p class="noindent">TM 3-376A, 16 May 1944, is changed as follows:<br />
+<b>10. ITEMS WITH EACH FLAME THROWER.</b></p>
+
+<p class="noindent center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>b. Kit, spare parts, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly
+B81-6-<b>190</b>.</em></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>g.</em> (Added). Army Service Forces Catalog CW 7-440114, Organizational
+Spare Parts and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons: for Flame Thrower,
+Portable, M2-2.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent"><a href="#Fig_8">Fig. 8</a>. Contents of tool kit:</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">B. 1 Wrench, hex, * * * set screws, H22-49-12.</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><span class="add1em"><b>2 Wrench, hex, 5/32-inch across flats for 5/16-inch socket-head
+set screws, H22-49-140.</b></span></p></div>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent"><a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>. Contents of spare parts kit:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">F. (Added). 3 Tubes, deflector, A81-1-501. (See <a href="#Fig_39">fig. 39</a>.)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">G. (Added). 3 Locknuts, pipe, hex, 1/8-inch, H98-5-382 (for use
+with deflector tube). (See <a href="#Fig_39">fig. 39</a>.)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">H. (Added). 1 Support, diaphragm, A81-1-428. (See <a href="#Fig_47">fig. 47</a>.)</p></div>
+
+<p class="center padt1"><b>12. NEW EQUIPMENT.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>m.</em> (Added). New gun may be received with valve spring removed from
+barrel and valve assembly. Spring comes tied to barrel. This is done to
+prevent strain on valve diaphragm assembly caused by pressure of spring
+in gun during storage and shipment. When weapon is being prepared for
+operation, spring must be untied from barrel and installed in gun, as
+described in paragraph 75.</p>
+
+<p><em>n.</em> (Added). Pressure regulator may be shipped at zero adjustment to
+prevent possibility of strain on diaphragm during shipment and storage.
+A regulator shipped in this condition has a tag (tied to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2f" id="Page_2f">[2]</a></span>
+tank coupling) stating that the regulator is not set. When weapon is
+received in this condition, it must be adjusted as described in paragraph
+67 before it can be operated.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p><span class="label">*</span>These changes supersede TB 3-376A-1, 19 October 1944.</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>15. TRAINING.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>b. Use of water in training.</em> Water may be used (instead of fuel)
+for elementary practice firing. Ignition cylinders are * * * piece,
+and lubricated (<a href="#PARA_49">Par. 49</a>). <b>Use of water, however, should always be
+supplemented by firing ignited fuel because water does not give a
+correct impression of stream and flame characteristics.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>17. CONNECTING TANK GROUP AND GUN GROUP.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>a.</em> Place the new * * * to 2 minutes. <b>Slight pressure sometimes
+builds up in the fuel tanks, even though the pressure-tank valve has
+not been opened, and causes some overflow of fuel when the coupling
+plug is removed. This pressure may be relieved by—</b></p>
+
+<p><b>(1) Standing the tank group upright.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>(2) Slightly opening filling plug on top of fuel tanks to
+bleed the pressure.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>(3) Closing the opening at filling plug and tightening it
+with wrench.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>18. LOADING WITH IGNITION CYLINDER.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>b. Precautions.</em> Care must be * * * front of gun. <b>Do not ignite the
+ignition cartridge until the weapon is to be fired at the target.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>30. AFTER FIRING.</b></p>
+
+<p>When the firer * * * mission, he should:</p>
+
+<p><em>a.</em> <b>First</b>, remove and discard the ignition cylinder, <b>as
+the ignition cylinder should never be present when blowing out fuel
+or after blowing out fuel except when preparing for a new mission. To
+remove cylinder, proceed</b> as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>b.</em> Close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle clockwise
+(to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank) <b>only if additional
+shots are to be fired before refilling and recharging</b>.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3f" id="Page_3f">3</a></span></p>
+
+<p><em>c.</em> <b>If no additional shots are to be fired before refilling
+and recharging, open pressure-tank valve by turning handle
+counterclockwise.</b> Point the gun away from personnel and blow out
+the remaining fuel <b>and pressure</b>, if any, from the fuel tanks by
+squeezing the valve lever and grip safety until there is no further
+discharge. The trigger should not be used during this operation.
+<b>Then close the pressure-tank valve to prevent entrance of foreign
+matter into the pressure system.</b></p>
+
+<p><em>d.</em> (Superseded). Carefully remove tank group from the back. This may
+be done most easily by sitting or squatting with back to a tree stump,
+flat rock, packing box, or other object. Release the body and shoulder
+straps and ease tank group off the back. Avoid dropping equipment on
+the ground as this may damage it.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>31. IGNITION CYLINDER.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>c. Packing.</em> Ignition cylinders are * * * each flame thrower. Fifty
+cans (100 ignition cylinders) are contained in each <b>ignition
+cylinder</b> packing box. <b>Wooden packing box with contents weighs
+approximately 50 to 55 pounds. Outside dimensions of the box are
+approximately 16-1/4 inches by 14-3/4 inches by 10-1/4 inches. Cubage
+is 1-3/12 cubic feet.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>32. CHARGING PRESSURE TANK.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>b. Charging from air compressor.</em> Compressor, air, gasoline * * *
+cylinders as well. Instructions for use of the compressor will be found
+in <b>TM 3-377</b>.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent hangingindent1p8 small"><b>Figure 23.</b> Charging two pressure tanks, using charging and filling
+lines, and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen. <b>As many as four
+pressure tank and valve assemblies, on or off tank groups, can be
+charged at one time from cylinders coupled as shown in <a href="#Fig_24">figure 24</a>.</b>
+</p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>33. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PRESSURE-CHARGING.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>m.</em> (Added). Inspect carefully to be certain that no traces of
+grease, flame thrower fuel, oil, dirt, or other foreign matter are present
+in flame thrower pressure tanks, outlets of air compressor, connections,
+hose, or cylinders containing compressed air.</p>
+
+<p><em>n.</em> (Added). Hands and tools must be free of oil or grease when
+charging or servicing flame thrower pressure systems.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4f" id="Page_4f">4</a></span></p>
+
+<p><em>o.</em> (Added). Discharge any remaining compressed air in flame
+thrower pressure tanks before recharging.</p>
+
+<p><em>p.</em> (Added). If compressed air is to be used, and if any grease,
+oil, or flame thrower fuel is detected by sense of smell or sight
+within pressure tank and valve assemblies or cylinders, return tanks
+or cylinders for cleaning to the appropriate third-echelon maintenance
+agency of Chemical Warfare Service.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>35.1 PEPTIZED FUELS (Added).</b></p>
+
+<p><em>a. Characteristics.</em></p>
+
+<p>(1) Pour more readily than usual thickened
+fuels.</p>
+
+<p>(2) Give a larger diameter flame than thickened fuels.</p>
+
+<p>(3) Give longer effective ranges than liquid fuels.</p>
+
+<p>(4) Prepared more quickly in cool temperatures than thickened
+fuels.</p>
+
+<p><em>b. Preparation.</em></p>
+
+<p>(1) Open 5-1/4-pound can or cans of thickener.</p>
+
+<p>(2) Add 2 mess kit spoonfuls of water to each can of thickener. Stir
+until the water disappears in the thickener. It is not necessary to mix
+the water uniformly with all of the thickener.</p>
+
+<p>(3) Proceed at once as directed in paragraph 35. Avoid accidental
+addition of any water to the thickener or fuel other than that stated
+in (2) above.</p>
+
+<p>(4) Peptized fuels set a little more quickly than the usual thickened
+fuels, but their general appearance after setting is the same. After
+standing, however, peptized fuels spontaneously become thinner and
+may be poured without use of pressure. The time it takes for thinning
+to occur depends on the temperature of the fuel. At 75° Fahrenheit or
+higher, thinning occurs in approximately 1 to 2 hours. At temperatures
+below 60° Fahrenheit, thinning occurs several days after preparation of
+the peptized fuel.</p>
+
+<p>(5) If water has accidentally gotten into fuel before addition of
+the thickener, peptizing action takes place, but the results are
+unpredictable because the quantity of water added is not controlled.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>36. PREPARATION OF LIQUID FUELS.</b></p>
+
+<p><em>a. Choice of ingredients.</em> Thin fuels are * * * reaching the target.
+For this reason, liquid fuels should contain the lowest proportion of
+gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier fuels that permit easy
+ignition. In hot climates, * * * of great importance. <b>The gasoline
+used can be any U. S. grade of motor fuel or aviation gasoline.</b>
+Suitable blends are as follows:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5f" id="Page_5f">5</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p>(3) (Added). By volume, 20 to 25 percent gasoline and 75 to 80
+percent light fuel oil.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>40.1 USE OF PACKBOARDS</b> (Added).</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies (<a href="#PARA_66">par. 66.1</a>) make possible
+the use of packboards for transporting pressure tanks, 5-gallon
+cans of fuel, wrenches, and additional ignition cylinders close to the
+front line of combat to troops using flame throwers. As packboards
+are not manufactured specifically for servicing flame throwers, standard
+quartermaster-issue packboards are used. Packboard transportation
+is practicable only with pourable fuel. (Pourable fuels include
+some thickened fuels and all liquid fuels.)</p>
+
+<p><em>a.</em> The following is a suggested procedure for packboard transportation:</p>
+
+<p>(1) Lash all necessary filling and charging supplies for one flame
+thrower to packboard, using lashing rope and straps.</p>
+
+<p>(2) Tie one pressure tank and valve assembly to top of one flat 5-gallon
+fuel can so that flexible shaft and handle hang down parallel to
+one side of the fuel can.</p>
+
+<p>(3) Carry wrench with large enough opening to unscrew filling
+plugs from tops of fuel tanks and to tighten plugs after filling.</p>
+
+<p>(4) Carry extra ignition cylinders.</p>
+
+<p><em>b.</em> Return empty pressure tank and valve assembly along with empty
+fuel can and wrench on packboard to flame thrower servicing point.</p>
+
+<p><em>c.</em> If a supply of flame thrower tank groups is available, they may
+be preferred to the packboard method of transportation. Tank
+groups are easy to carry, and a filled and charged tank group can
+replace an emptied one as quickly as packboard method can be used to
+service flame thrower.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>48. SERVICE KIT.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>a. Tools.</em></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Screw driver, common, * * * blade diameter, H22-50-6.
+(<a href="#Fig_8">Fig. 8</a>.)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 Wrenches, hex, 5/32 inch across flats (for 5/16-inch socket-head
+set screws), H22-49-140. (See B, <a href="#Fig_8">fig. 8</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">2 Wrenches, hex, * * * set screws), H22-49-91.</p></div>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6f" id="Page_6f">6</a></span></p>
+
+<p><em>b. Accessories and spare parts.</em></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Tank and valve, pressure, assembly <b>(less valve shaft assembly,
+B81-1-883) B81-1-879. (See <a href="#Fig_35p2">fig. 35.2</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Shaft, valve, assembly <b>B-81-1-883. (See <a href="#Fig_35p2">fig. 35.2</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="noindent hangingindent1p8">2 Case, spring, assemblies B81-1-444. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig. 9</a>.)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote"><p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Regulator, pressure, assembly <b>(Grove type) B81-1-778.
+(<a href="#Fig_35p2">Fig. 35.2</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">1 Compound, anti-seize, white * * * 1/4-pound can, H99-3-12.</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8">2 Gages, pressure * * * assembly B81-6-90. (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig. 32</a>.)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Tubes, deflector, A81-1-501. (See <a href="#Fig_39">fig. 39</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Locknuts, pipe, hex, 1/8-inch, H98-5-382. (See <a href="#Fig_39">fig. 39</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 Supports, diaphragm, A81-1-428. (See <a href="#Fig_47">fig. 47</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Springs, R81-1-922 (for socket). (See <a href="#Fig_35p8">fig. 35.8</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Washers, backing, R81-1-924 (brass washer for socket).
+(See <a href="#Fig_35p8">fig. 35.8</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>12 Washers, B81-1-923 (synthetic rubber washer for
+socket). (See <a href="#Fig_35p8">fig. 35.8</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>6 Caps, plug, B81-1-926 (with chain) (dust cap for plug).
+(See <a href="#Fig_35p3">fig. 35.3</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>12 Nuts, wing, A81-1-877. (See <a href="#Fig_35p4">fig. 35.4</a>.)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 Army Service Forces Catalogs CW 6-445115, Sets of Tools,
+Equipment, and Similar Material: Kit, service, for Portable
+Flame Thrower, M2-2.</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 Army Service Forces Catalogs CW 7-440114, Organizational
+Spare Parts and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons:
+for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2.</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent1p8"><b>2 War Department Technical Manuals 3-376A, Portable
+Flame Thrower M2-2.</b></p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>49. LUBRICATION.</b></p>
+
+<p><em>a. Gun group.</em></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p>(2) <em>Frequency of lubrication.</em> The surfaces of * * * lubricated
+before reassembly. <b>Do not soak or wash the spring case
+assembly in solvent because this may remove the grease
+which is factory packed in the spring case assembly. This
+grease cannot be replaced. To clean spring case assembly,
+wide outside surfaces with cloth saturated with solvent.</b></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7f" id="Page_7f">7</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>53. SERVICE WHEN FILLING AND CHARGING.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>d. Testing for leaks in pressure system.</em> After charging and
+* * * to test pressure. (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig. 32</a>.) To install gage, unscrew
+check-valve cap, <b>moisten end of check valve with water or saliva</b>,
+and screw gage in check-valve body. <b>Use of water or saliva as
+lubricant prevents cutting of the rubber washer by the check
+valve.</b> If pressure has * * * and then retested.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>66. PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLY.</b></p>
+
+<p><em>a. Description and functioning.</em> The pressure tank * * * assembly
+(<a href="#Fig_33">Fig. 33</a>) includes:</p>
+
+<p>(1) <em>Pressure tank.</em> The pressure tank * * * the fuel tanks.
+<b>The pressure-tank clamp may be adjusted to different outside
+diameters of pressure tanks by means of a nut and screw
+tightening device (<a href="#Fig_35p1">fig. 35.1</a>) or by means of a stepped ring at
+end of clamp.</b></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p1">
+<img src="images/i_f09.jpg" width="600" height="365" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.1.</span> (Added.) Adjustable pressure tank clamp, showing use of nut and
+screw tightening device.</p></div>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>b. Removal.</em> (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig. 33</a>.)</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p>(2) <em>Removal procedure.</em></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p>(<em>h</em>) (Added). To remove check valve, unscrew check valve cap and
+check valve body, using wrenches.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8f" id="Page_8f">8</a></span></p>
+
+<p><em>c. Installation.</em> (Figs. <a href="#Fig_33">33</a> and <a href="#Fig_39">39</a>.)</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p>(7) (Added). To install check valve, apply thread compound
+lightly to threads of cheek valve body and screw into opening in pressure-tank
+valve. Tighten check valve body in position, using wrench.
+Screw check valve cap on check valve body and tighten with wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>66.1 DETACHABLE PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLIES</b>
+(Added).</p>
+
+<p>Newly developed detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies provide
+an improved and speedier method of servicing M2-2 portable flame
+throwers in forward combat zones.</p>
+
+<p><em>a. Description and functioning.</em></p>
+
+<p>(1) Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies (figs. <a href="#Fig_35p2">35.2</a> and
+<a href="#Fig_35p3">35.3</a>) are used in modified flame throwers. They make it unnecessary to
+replace empty complete tank groups with filled and charged complete
+tank groups.</p>
+
+<p>(2) Replacement of complete tank group, however, may be preferred when
+an extra supply of tank groups is available, or if thickened fuel is
+too stringy and viscous to pour.</p>
+
+<p>(3) Detachable pressure tank and valve assemblies can be attached only
+to flame throwers which include sockets (figs. <a href="#Fig_35p2">35.2</a> and <a href="#Fig_35p3">35.3</a>) and
+shortened regulator tubes. Flame throwers produced recently include
+this design modification.</p>
+
+<p>(4) A plug and cap (<a href="#Fig_35p3">fig. 35.3</a>) on detachable pressure tank and valve
+assembly replace tube elbow (<a href="#Fig_33">fig. 33</a>) used on nondetachable pressure
+tank and valve assembly.</p>
+
+<p><em>b. Removal.</em> Care must be taken to prevent damage to connections
+during removal and installation. The procedure for removal of pressure
+tank and valve assembly is as follows:</p>
+
+<p>(1) Close pressure-tank valve. Press valve lever and safety grip on gun
+to release all pressure from fuel system and gun.</p>
+
+<p>(2) Unscrew wing nut from valve flexible shaft. (See <a href="#Fig_35p4">fig. 35.4</a>.) Be
+careful not to misplace wing nut.</p>
+
+<p>(3) Pull clamp and shaft from stud which is welded on fuel tank.</p>
+
+<p>(4) With one hand under pressure tank, unclamp but do not fully open
+pressure-tank clamp.</p>
+
+<p>(5) Supporting pressure tank valve with top of right hand, push knurled
+socket in and away from pressure tank valve. Left hand may be placed
+at back of regulator tube so that tube does not bend away from socket.
+(See <a href="#Fig_35p5">fig. 35.5</a>.) Pull out pressure tank and valve assembly.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9f" id="Page_9f">9</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p2">
+<img src="images/i_f11.jpg" width="600" height="465" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.2.</span> (Added.) Pressure system
+disassembled, showing removable pressure tank and valve assembly,
+nomenclature, and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_f10" id="Page_f10">10</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p3">
+<img src="images/i_f12_1.jpg" width="600" height="488" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.3.</span> (Added.) Detachable pressure tank
+and valve assembly, connected to modified regulator tube assembly.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p4">
+<img src="images/i_f12_2.jpg" width="600" height="391" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.4.</span> (Added.) Removing wing nut to free
+valve flexible shaft.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11f" id="Page_11f">11</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p5">
+<img src="images/i_f13.jpg" width="418" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.5.</span> (Added.) Pushing knurled socket
+away from pressure tank, permitting pressure tank and valve assembly to
+be removed from tank group.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12f" id="Page_12f">12</a></span></p>
+
+<p>(6) Put cap as far as it will go over opening of the plug. (See <a href="#Fig_35p6">fig.35.6</a>.)
+This prevents dust and other foreign matter from entering empty
+pressure tank.</p>
+
+<p>(7) Flame thrower is now ready to receive a charged pressure tank and
+valve assembly. (See <a href="#Fig_35p7">fig. 35.7</a>.)</p>
+
+<p><em>c. Installation.</em> To install a charged or replacement detachable
+pressure tank and valve assembly, proceed as follows:</p>
+
+<p>(1) Remove dust cap from plug of charged pressure tank and
+valve assembly. (Never open pressure-tank valve with cap on plug.)</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p6">
+<img src="images/i_f14.jpg" width="600" height="457" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.6.</span> (Added.) Pressure tank and valve
+assembly with dust cap over plug opening.</p></div>
+
+<p>(2) Support socket and tube with left hand and insert plug in socket
+with right hand. If tube is not supported, it is difficult to lock the
+plug in the socket and it is possible that tube may become bent. Press
+bottom of tank until plug snaps into socket. Test by attempting to pull
+tank and plug from socket. Plug must not pull out; if it does, insert
+again and press bottom of tank. Grasp knurled collar of socket and test
+for end play. If collar slides freely back and forth on socket, the
+connection is not tight and plug should be pressed in farther.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13f" id="Page_13f">13</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p7">
+<img src="images/i_f15.jpg" width="429" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.7.</span> (Added.) Tank group, ready to
+receive a charged pressure tank and valve assembly.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14f" id="Page_14f">14</a></span></p>
+
+<p>(3) Replace small clamp (valve-stem clamp) over stud projecting from
+fuel tank, and screw wing nut on stud to secure valve flexible shaft in
+place. Do not use wrench on wing nut.</p>
+
+<p><em>d. Maintenance.</em> Follow maintenance instructions given in paragraph
+<a href="#PARA_66">66</a>. In addition, if leaks occur and signs of wear are visible, carry
+out the following procedures:</p>
+
+<p>(1) <em>Worn washer.</em> Replace synthetic rubber washer by disassembling
+socket (<a href="#Fig_35p8">fig. 35.8</a>), prying out washer, placing new washer in position,
+and reassembling socket.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35p8">
+<img src="images/i_f16.jpg" width="600" height="481" alt="" />
+<p class="caption"><span class="smcap">Figure 35.8.</span> (Added.) Cutaway view of socket
+and plug. Disassembly is permitted only as directed in paragraph 66.1.</p></div>
+
+<p>(2) <em>Damaged plug.</em> Repair damaged or nicked end of plug by filing plug
+end square and smooth. File off as little as possible. Test for leakage
+at socket by installing pressure tank and valve assembly, as in c
+above, and then opening pressure-tank valve. If leak persists at joint
+between socket and plug, replace plug by unscrewing old plug, screwing
+new plug in position, and tightening with wrench. Replace entire plug.
+Do not attempt to unscrew the cylindrical portion from the square
+portion.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15f" id="Page_15f">15</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>67. PRESSURE REGULATOR.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>e. Maintenance</em> (Added).</p>
+
+<p>(1) <em>Spring type (Hoke) pressure regulator.</em> Except for adjustment to
+increase or decrease pressure, do not attempt to maintain or repair the
+spring type (Hoke) pressure regulator. If damaged or defective, it must
+be replaced by a dome type (Grove) pressure regulator.</p>
+
+<p>(2) <em>Dome type (Grove) pressure regulator (B81-1-778).</em> Replacement
+parts for maintaining the dome type (Grove) regulator are available for
+use by chemical maintenance companies, as shown in Army Service Forces
+Catalog CW 9-440114, List of All Service Parts and Higher Echelon Spare
+Parts for Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2 (25 November 1944).</p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>74. VALVE GRIP.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>c. Installing valve grip.</em></p>
+
+<p>(1) Place grip safety * * * right valve grip. (<a href="#Fig_48">Fig. 48</a>.) <b>Do not
+accidentally place the lower forward extension of the grip safety
+over the lower rear extension of the valve lever. If this overlapping
+occurs, the small projection at the bottom of the grip safety may be
+broken off.</b> Be sure the * * * of grip safety.</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>77. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE.</b></p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<p><em>c. Class of supply</em> (Added). The portable flame thrower is a class
+IV supply item.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent padt1"><b>78. REFERENCES.</b></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Reference pertaining to * * * flame throwers include:</p>
+
+<p class="center">*<span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">
+*</span><span class="add4em">*</span><span class="add4em">*</span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+<p class="hangingindent6">TM 9-850 Cleaning, Preserving, Lubricating * * * the
+Ordnance Department</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>TM 3-377, Compressor, Air, Gasoline Engine-driven,
+7CFM, M1 (For Charging Flame Throwers
+and Cylinders)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>TB CW 18, Kit, Fuel Filling, Flame Thrower, E6 (for filling
+mechanized and portable flame throwers)</b><a name="FNanchor_1" id="FNanchor_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>TB CW 20, Cleaning Interiors of Compressed Gas Cylinders,
+Tanks, and Accessories</b><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>TB ENG 39, Safe Handling of Compressed Gases</b><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a></p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16f" id="Page_16f">16</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>ASF Catalog CW 7-440114, Organizational Spare Parts
+and Equipment: 1st and 2d Echelons: for
+Flame Thrower, Portable, M2-2 (25 November
+1944)</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>ASF Catalog CW 9-440114, List of all Service Parts and
+Higher Echelon Spare Parts for Flame
+Thrower, Portable, M2-2</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>ASF Catalog CW 6-445115, Sets of Tools, Equipment, and
+Similar Material: Kit, Service, for Portable
+Flame Thrower, M2-2</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>ASF Catalog CW 9-445115, List of all Parts and Higher
+Echelon Spare Parts for Kit, Service, for
+Portable Flame Thrower, M2-2</b></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent6"><b>FS 3-33, Portable Flame Thrower M2-2, Part 1, Nomenclature
+and Operation.</b></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class="label">*</span></a> Technical Bulletins are to be superseded by appropriate
+War Department manuals or changes to manuals.</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent">[AG 300.7 (11 Apr 45)]<br />
+<span class="smcap add2em">By order of the Secretary of War</span>:</p>
+
+<p class="right">G. C. MARSHALL<br />
+<em>Chief of Staff</em></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Official:<br />
+<span class="add2em">J. A. ULIO</span><br />
+<span class="add2em"><em>Major General</em></span><br />
+<span class="add2em"><em>The Adjutant General</em></span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Distribution</span>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquote">
+<p class="hangingindent1">AAF (Cml O) (10); AGF (Cml O) (10); ASF (2); T of Opn
+(Cml O) (10); Arm &amp; Sv Bds (1); Def Comd (2); S Div ASF
+(1); Tech Sv (2) except CWS (45); SvC (Cml O) (4); PE
+(Attn: Cml O) (2); Sub-PE (Cml O) (2); PG (2); Ars 3 (2);
+ASF Dep (CW Sec) (2); ASF Dep (2); Dep 3 (2); Pro Dist 3
+(2); Tech Sv C (2); USMA (20); Tng C (2); A (2); CHQ
+(5); B (1); R (5); Bn 2 (2), 3 (5), 7, 17 (2); C 2 (2), 3 (5),
+7, 17 (2); AF (2); W (Cml O) (1); Five (5) copies to each
+of the following: T/O &amp; E 5-15; 5-16; 5-17; 5-35; 5-36; 5-37;
+5-171; 5-175; 5-176; 5-192; 5-215; 5-216; 5-217; 5-235; 5-236;
+5-238; 5-475T; 5-476T; 5-477T.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Refer to FM 21-6 for explanation of distribution formula.</p></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="TABLE_OF_CONTENTS">TABLE OF CONTENTS</h2>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="toc">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc" colspan="4">PART ONE</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">INTRODUCTION</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdc"><span class="u">Paragraph</span></td>
+<td class="tdc"><span class="u">Page</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION I.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">GENERAL</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Scope</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_1">1</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Records</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_2">2</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION II.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">DESCRIPTION AND DATA</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Uses of flame throwers</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_3">3</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_1">1</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Characteristics and employment</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_4">4</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_4">4</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Description and functioning</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_5">5</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_6">6</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Identification information</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_6">6</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_9">9</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Differences in models</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_7">7</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_9">9</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Interchanging parts with M1 or M1A1 flame thrower</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_8">8</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; 9</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Data</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#PARA_9">9</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb">&nbsp; <a href="#Page_9">9</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION III.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">TOOLS, PARTS, AND ACCESSORIES</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Items with each flame thrower</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_10">10</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">PART TWO</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION IV.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">GENERAL</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Scope</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_11">11</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_14">14</a>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION V.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SERVICE UPON RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">New equipment</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Used equipment</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_13">13</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION VI.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">CONTROLS</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Controls</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_14">14</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION VII.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">OPERATION UNDER USUAL CONDITIONS</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Training</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Charging, filling, and servicing</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_16">16</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Connecting tank group and gun group</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_17">17</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Loading with ignition cylinder</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Carrying the tank group</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Carrying the gun</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_20">20</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Opening pressure-tank valve</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_21">21</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Ranges</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Wind deflection</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_23">23</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Firing positions</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_24">24</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Aiming</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Firing</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_26">26</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Ceasing or interrupting fire</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_27">27</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Additional bursts</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_28">28</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Soaking the target</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_29">29</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">After firing</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_30">30</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION VIII.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Ignition cylinder</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Charging pressure tank</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Precautions when pressure-charging</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Characteristics of fuels</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Preparation of thickened fuels</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Preparation of liquid fuels</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_36">36</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Filling by pouring</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Filling by force pump</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_38">38</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Filling by blowing</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Precautions with fuels</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION IX.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Wet conditions</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Dust and mud</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Heat</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_43">43</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Cold</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_44">44</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Wind</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_45">45</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION X.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">DEMOLITION TO PREVENT ENEMY USE</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Destruction procedure</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_46">46</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">PART THREE</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XI.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">GENERAL</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Scope</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_47">47</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XII.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Service kit</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_48">48</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XIII.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">LUBRICATION</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Lubrication</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XIV.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SERVICES</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">General</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Before-operation service of tank group</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_51">51</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Before-operation service of gun group</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_52">52</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Service when filling and charging</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_53">53</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_52">52</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Service when firing</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_54">54</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Service after firing</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_55">55</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Service after six firing missions</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_56">56</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XV.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">TROUBLE SHOOTING</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Precautions</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_57">57</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Fuel leaks</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Safety head “blows” (breaks)</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_59">59</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Carrier uncomfortable</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_60">60</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Short range</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_61">61</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Fuel-valve failure</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Failure of ignition cylinder to ignite</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_63">63</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Failure of fuel to ignite</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_64">64</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XVI.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">TANK GROUP</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">General</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_65">65</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Pressure tank and valve assembly</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Pressure regulator</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_67">67</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Fuel-tank assembly</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_68">68</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Filling and safety-head plug assemblies</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Tank coupling</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Carrier</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XVII.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">GUN GROUP</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">General</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_72">72</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Fuel-hose assembly</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_73">73</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Valve grip</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Barrel and valve-body assembly</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Ignition head</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4">APPENDIX</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION&nbsp;XVIII.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SHIPMENT AND STORAGE</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">Shipment and storage</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_77">77</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_86">86</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">SECTION XIX.</td>
+<td class="padt1 vertt">LIST OF REFERENCES</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+<td><p class="indent">References</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#PARA_78">78</a></td>
+<td class="tdc vertb"><a href="#Page_87">87</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc padt1" colspan="4"><a href="#INDEX">INDEX</a></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_1">
+<img src="images/i_f24.jpg" width="600" height="518" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 1. Portable flame thrower M2-2.</p></div></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">1</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="PART_ONE">PART ONE<br />
+<br />
+INTRODUCTION</h2>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<h3 id="Section_I_GENERAL">Section I GENERAL</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_1">1. SCOPE.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_1a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Arrangement</span>. This manual is published to guide and inform
+personnel using and maintaining flame thrower, portable, M2-2. <a href="#PART_ONE">Part One</a>
+contains general information; <a href="#PART_TWO">Part Two</a> is a guide to operation;
+<a href="#PART_THREE">Part Three</a> gives maintenance procedures. The <a href="#APPENDIX">Appendix</a> discusses
+shipment and storage procedures, and applicable publications.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_1b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">References</span>. <a href="#PARA_78">References</a> are listed in the Appendix. The
+list includes field manuals, technical manuals, and Army Regulations.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_2">2. RECORDS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Although no standard maintenance forms and records are furnished,
+an improvised list should be kept of the number of times each flame
+thrower has been fired. The list indicates when it is necessary
+to provide the after-six-missions preventive maintenance and
+lubrication. It should be tacked or glued to the inside surface
+of the packing-chest lid and each flame thrower should always be
+returned to its own chest.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_II_DESCRIPTION">Section II DESCRIPTION
+AND DATA</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_3">3. USES OF FLAME THROWERS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent" id="PARA_3a">Flame throwers can: <span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Penetrate openings</span>, such as embrasures
+and gun ports, and fill the fortifications with flame and
+smoke.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_3b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Burn, asphyxiate, and blind enemy personnel</span>, causing casualties,
+shock, panic, and abandonment of a fortified position.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_3c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Ignite combustible parts of shelters and materiel</span> and start
+detonation of sensitive ammunition and explosives.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">2</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_2">
+<img src="images/i_p002.jpg" width="600" height="331" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 2. Firing with liquid fuel.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">3</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_3">
+<img src="images/i_p003.jpg" width="600" height="315" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 3. Firing with thickened fuel. Thickened fuel
+has longer range than liquid fuel and burns on target for several
+minutes.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">4</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_3d"><span class="u">d</span>. “<span class="u">Shoot around corners</span>,” when fuel is fired from dead or
+blind angles. This is made possible by the billowing and swirling
+movements of flaming gases. Blazing thickened fuels also
+ricochet from wall to wall in fortifications.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_3e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Cause the enemy to close ports</span>, temporarily putting the emplacement
+out of action and thus protecting the demolition party.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_3f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Mop up</span> dug-in personnel.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_3g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Eliminate enemy nests</span> in street or jungle fighting.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_4">4. CHARACTERISTICS AND EMPLOYMENT.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_4a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Action</span>. Fuel is propelled into the target by a charge of
+highly compressed air or nitrogen. As fuel leaves the gun of the
+M2-2 portable flame thrower (<a href="#Fig_1">Fig 1</a>), it is ignited by contact with
+flame from charges of incendiary mix held in an expendable ignition
+cylinder.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_4b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Bursts</span>. A continuous stream or separate bursts may be
+fired for approximately 8 to 9 seconds, not including time between
+the bursts. The five incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder
+are controlled by the trigger and can ignite several bursts.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_4c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Range</span>. Portable flame throwers are fired at extremely
+close or point-blank range for best results. (<a href="#PARA_22">Par 22</a>) Effective
+range for liquid fuels (<a href="#Fig_2">Fig 2</a>) is as far as 20 yards, and for thickened
+fuels (<a href="#Fig_3">Fig 3</a>), 40 yards, but underbrush and adverse winds
+can reduce the distances.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_4d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Weight</span>. To keep the weight as light as possible and still
+provide strength to withstand very high pressures, most parts
+are made of aluminum or sheet steel.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_4e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Tactics</span>. Two or more flame throwers are generally used
+on a mission with other weapons of the assault squad. (See FM
+31-50, “Attack on a Fortified Position and Combat in Towns.”)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_4f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Firers and assistants</span>. One man carries and fires each
+flame thrower. Well-armed assistants accompany firers to give
+close protection and to serve as emergency replacements.
+Whereas the M1A1 portable flame thrower may require the help
+of an assistant to open the pressure-tank valve, the M2-2 flame
+thrower pressure-tank valve is located within reach of the firer
+and is operated by him without assistance. Firers and assistants
+should be thoroughly trained in operation of the weapon.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_4">
+<img src="images/i_p005.jpg" width="396" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 4. Tank group.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_4g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Charging and filling</span>. In order to replace pressure tanks
+(cylinders) of earlier types of flame throwers, it is necessary
+to unscrew and screw threaded connections. Experience has
+shown that this frequently resulted in damage to threads, leakage,
+loss of pressure, and loss of range. It is also necessary to use
+tools to replace each pressure tank (cylinder). The design of the
+M2-2 flame thrower eliminates these difficulties. The tank group
+(<a href="#Fig_4">Fig 4</a>) may be charged and filled as a unit with or without gun
+and hose. The quick-connecting tank coupling permits rapid
+interchanging of empty and full tank groups by the firers or assistants.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">6</a></span>
+This is done without tools, takes very little time, and
+cannot cause leakage, loss of pressure, and loss of range due to
+damaged threads.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_5">5. DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The flame thrower consists of two major groups: tank group and
+gun group. Detailed descriptions of assemblies and parts are
+included in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_66">66</a> through <a href="#PARA_76">76</a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_5a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Tank group</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_4">4</a> and <a href="#Fig_5">5</a>) Carried upon the firer’s back,
+the tank group holds fuel and pressure. The tank group may be
+identified as tank, fuel, portable flame thrower, M2, assembly
+D81-1-482. It consists principally of:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Two fuel tanks</span>, holding a total of 4 gallons of fuel, and
+joined by a tank connector to form a single fuel reservoir.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Pressure tank</span>, charged with highly compressed air or
+nitrogen used to propel fuel from the fuel tanks through the gun
+to the target. The tank is large in capacity to assure ample pressure
+and uniformly long range throughout the firing.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>, which releases air or nitrogen
+through the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks. The valve can
+be opened by the firer without the assistance required in the case
+of the M1A1 flame thrower.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Pressure regulator</span>, which automatically assures delivery
+of air or nitrogen to the fuel tanks at the proper pressure. The
+regulator is located in a position where it cannot easily be damaged.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Carrier</span>, which supports the tank group on the firer’s back
+and shoulders and secures it to his body. It includes body and
+shoulder straps and quick-releasing fasteners.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_5b"><span class="u">b. Gun group</span>. (<a href="#Fig_6">Fig 6</a>) Carried, aimed, and operated by the
+hands of the firer, the gun group ignites the fuel and directs the
+flame into the target. It includes:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Fuel hose</span>, which conveys fuel from the tank group to the
+gun. The fuel hose may be requisitioned as hose, fuel, portable
+flame thrower, M1, assembly B81-1-498.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Gun</span>, which ignites the fuel and directs it to the target.
+The gun may be identified as gun, portable flame thrower,
+M2, assembly D81-1-405. It consists of:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) <span class="u">Fuel valve</span>, which discharges fuel through the barrel.
+The valve is operated by squeezing the valve lever and the grip
+safety, which are on opposite sides of the valve grip. The valve
+also includes a barrel from which the fuel is ejected. The ignition
+head is supported on the front of the barrel.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) <span class="u">Ignition head</span>, which ignites the fuel as it passes
+from the nozzle of the barrel. With each pull of the trigger on the
+front grip, one of five charges of incendiary mix in an ignition
+cylinder is ignited. This pilot flame ignites the fuel as it is
+propelled from the gun.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_5">
+<img src="images/i_p007.jpg" width="379" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 5. Tank group with carrier folded back to show
+construction.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">8</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_6">
+<img src="images/i_p008.jpg" width="600" height="274" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 6. Gun group of portable flame thrower M2-2.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">9</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_6">6. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The words “Chemical Warfare Service,” model numbers, serial
+numbers, lot numbers, weight, cubage, manufacturers’ names,
+contract number, and date of packing are indicated on the packing
+chest or the equipment. The numbers and letters shown on the
+equipment should be referred to when repairs are required. The
+tank group and the gun (without the fuel hose) may each be marked
+“M2” and the fuel hose may be marked “M1,” although all of
+these are components of the M2-2 portable flame thrower.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_7">7. DIFFERENCES IN MODELS.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_7a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">M2-2 and E3 portable flame throwers</span>. Portable flame
+thrower M2-2 is identical in all important respects with portable
+flame thrower E3. (The E3 flame thrower, when standardized
+with some modifications, became the M2-2.) Operation and maintenance
+of the M2-2 and E3 are in general the same, and the parts
+are interchangeable.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_7b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">M2-2, M1, and M1A1 portable flame throwers</span>. Portable
+flame thrower M2-2 has the same fuel capacity but differs in
+construction from portable flame throwers M1 and M1A1. Parts
+are not interchangeable except as stated in Paragraph 8.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_8">8. INTERCHANGING PARTS WITH M1 OR M1A1 FLAME
+THROWER.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">To use an M2-2 gun with tank group (fuel unit) of an M1 or M1A1
+portable flame thrower:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_8a"><span class="u">a</span>. Remove fuel hose from M2-2 gun.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_8b"><span class="u">b</span>. Screw a 3/4-inch by 1/2-inch pipe bushing into the side
+opening of the fuel-valve body. This bushing is furnished in the
+spare parts kit of each M2-2 portable flame thrower. (<a href="#PARA_10">Par 10</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_8c"><span class="u">c</span>. Screw the fuel-hose assembly of the M1 or M1A1 flame
+thrower into the 1/2-inch opening of the bushing, using a wrench
+to make a tight connection.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_9">9. DATA.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">All data are approximate.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_9a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Range</span>. See Paragraph <a href="#PARA_22">22</a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_9b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Duration of fire.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Fuel</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Continuous discharge of approximately 8 to 9 seconds,
+or</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Several short bursts totalling approximately 8 to 9 seconds
+(not including time between bursts).</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Ignition cylinder</span>. Five charges in each cylinder, 8 to 12
+seconds per charge.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">10</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="weights">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdl normal"><p id="PARA_9c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Weights.</span></p></th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Pounds</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Portable flame thrower M2-2, empty, in shipping
+chest (including the chest and all contents)</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">110</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Portable flame thrower M2-2, empty</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">43</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Portable flame thrower M2-2, filled with fuel</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">68 to 72</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, empty</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">35</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, filled with fuel</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">60 to 64</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gun group<p class="indent"></p></td>
+<td class="tdc">8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th class="tdl normal"><p id="PARA_9d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Dimensions.</span></p></th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Inches</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Gun, length</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">30</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Fuel hose, length</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">37</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, height</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">27</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, width</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">20</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Tank group, breadth</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">11</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Packing chest<br />
+(Cube of packing chest: 8-1/2 cubic feet)</p></td>
+<td class="tdc vertt">34 x 23 x 19</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th class="tdl normal"><p id="PARA_9e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Capacity of weapon.</span></p></th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Ignition cylinder (M1 or E1)</p></td>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">1 (which includes 5 incendiary charges)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Fuel</p></td>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">4 gallons plus void for air or nitrogen</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th class="tdl normal"><p id="PARA_9f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Pressures.</span></p></th>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Pounds per sq. in.</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Pressure tank</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">1,700 to 2,100</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><p class="indent">Fuel tanks</p></td>
+<td class="tdc">350</td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_9g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Ratio of expended supplies</span>. For every 100 complete fillings
+of the flame thrower, the following supplies are normally expended:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Nitrogen contained in fifteen 220-cubic-foot cylinders or an
+equivalent volume of compressed air. (Eleven cylinders are expended
+if the four-place arrangement described in Paragraph 32
+is used.)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) 450 gallons of fuel (400 gallons plus 50 gallons for spillage,
+spoilage, and evaporation).</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) 100 ignition cylinders.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) If thickened fuel is used, 135 pounds (in cans of 5-1/4 pounds
+each) of U. S. Army fuel thickener.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">11</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_III_TOOLS">Section III TOOLS,
+PARTS, AND ACCESSORIES</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_10">10. ITEMS WITH EACH FLAME THROWER.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The items listed below or their equivalents (<a href="#Fig_7">Fig 7</a>) are included
+in each M2-2 flame-thrower packing chest, in addition to the
+flame thrower. Numbers listed with items are Chemical Warfare
+Service stock numbers.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_10a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Kit, tool, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly
+B81-6-50.</span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_10b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Kit, spare parts, for portable flame thrower M2-2, assembly
+B81-6-52.</span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_10c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Cylinder, ignition, portable flame thrower M1</span>. (6 cylinders,
+in 3 cans containing 2 each)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_10d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Technical Manual 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower
+M2-2.</span>”</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_10e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Gun mounting board</span>. (<a href="#Fig_10">Fig 10</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_10f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Plug, coupling, E81-1-514</span> (for use in tank coupling when
+filling tank group with gun detached).</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_7">
+<img src="images/i_p011.jpg" width="600" height="370" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 7. Items packed in chest with each flame thrower: A—Spare
+parts kit; B—Packing list; C—Three cans of ignition cylinders;
+D—Tool kit; E—Coupling plug; F—TM 3-376A, “Portable
+Flame Thrower M2-2.”</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">12</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_8">
+<img src="images/i_p012.jpg" width="600" height="211" alt="" />
+<p class="noindent">Fig 8. Contents of tool kit:</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">A. 1 Screw driver, cabinet, 4-1/2-inch blade length, 3/16-inch blade diameter, H22-50-13.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">B. 1 Wrench, hex, 1/8-inch across flats for 1/4-inch socket-head set screws, H22-49-12.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">C. 1 Wrench, engineers’, double head, 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch openings, 9 inches approx length, H22-49-115.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">D. 1 Screw driver, common, 6-inch blade length, 5/16-inch blade diameter, H22-50-6.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">E. 1 Wrench, valve-adjusting, assembly, A81-6-48.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">F. 1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-1/2-inch openings, 12 inches approx length, H22-49-113.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">G. 1 Wrench, engineers’, single head, 1-1/8 inch opening, 10-1/2 inches approx length, H22-49-31.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">H. 1 Wrench, adjustable, single end, 6 inches approx length (crescent type), H22-49-67.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">I. 1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-3/4-inch openings, 12 inches approx length, A81-6-49.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">13</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_9">
+<img src="images/i_p013_1.jpg" width="500" height="389" alt="" />
+<p class="noindent">Fig 9. Contents of spare parts kit:</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">A. 1 Diaphragm, valve, assembly, A81-1-416.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">B. 1 Case, spring, assembly, B81-1-444.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">C. 1 Bushing, pipe, head, 3/4-inch by 1/2-inch (galvanized iron), H98-5-93.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">D. 2 Washers, coupling, A81-1-513.</p>
+<p class="hangingindent2and1">E. 3 Heads, safety, R81-1-561.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_10">
+<img src="images/i_p013_2.jpg" width="600" height="441" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 10. Packing chest open, with gun on mounting board. Tool kit,
+spare parts kit, and cans of ignition cylinders in boxes at right.</p></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">14</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="PART_TWO">PART TWO<br />
+<br />
+OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS</h2>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<h3 id="Section_IV_GENERAL">Section IV GENERAL</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_11">11. SCOPE.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Part Two of this manual is for the guidance of operating personnel.
+It includes information on the controls and on operation.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_V_SERVICE_UPON">Section V SERVICE UPON
+RECEIPT OF EQUIPMENT</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_12">12. NEW EQUIPMENT.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Upon receipt of a new flame thrower, the following procedure should be
+carried out:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12a"><span class="u">a</span>. Cut packing-chest steel straps and seals with pliers.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12b"><span class="u">b</span>. Remove the screws, if present, from top of chest.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12c"><span class="u">c</span>. Open two latches at front of chest.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12d"><span class="u">d</span>. Lift lid backward and connect chain from inside of chest to inside
+of lid.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12e"><span class="u">e</span>. Remove moistureproof paper.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12f"><span class="u">f</span>. Remove gun from carton. After removing waterproofing tape from
+ends of hose, connect hose and gun. (<a href="#PARA_17">Par 17</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12g"><span class="u">g</span>. Remove mounting board and place gun with hose on the board as
+shown in <a href="#Fig_10">Figure 10</a>.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_11">
+<img src="images/i_p014.jpg" width="300" height="422" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 11. Screwing deflector tube in safety head on left
+fuel tank.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">15</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_12">
+<img src="images/i_p015.jpg" width="600" height="188" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 12. Controls for operation of portable flame thrower
+M2-2.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_12h"><span class="u">h</span>. Remove spare parts kit, tool kit, cans of ignition cylinders, and
+other items from packing chest.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12i"><span class="u">i</span>. Compare contents with packing list found in or on packing chest.
+Inspect all contents carefully for completeness, correct adjustment,
+and good condition.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12j"><span class="u">j</span>. Insert deflector tube in safety head on left fuel tank. (<a href="#Fig_11">Fig 11</a>)
+Outlet should face to rear and at a 45-degree angle to operator’s left
+shoulder. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>) Screw in deflector tube by hand; do not use wrench
+on deflector tube. Tighten lock nut with wrench.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12k"><span class="u">k</span>. Before use on a mission, test-fire the weapon. (<a href="#PARA_56b">Par 56 <span class="u">b</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_12l"><span class="u">l</span>. Save the packing chest for storage of the equipment when flame
+thrower is not being carried on a firing mission or serviced.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_13">13. USED EQUIPMENT.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">When they apply, the same steps should be taken as in Paragraph <a href="#PARA_12">12</a>. Any
+worn or damaged parts should be replaced. Areas where paint has worn
+off should be touched up with fresh paint.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_VI_CONTROLS">Section VI CONTROLS</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_14">14. CONTROLS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The firer uses the pressure-tank valve handle, the trigger, and
+the valve lever and grip safety (<a href="#Fig_12">Fig 12</a>) in succession as follows:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_14a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Valve handle</span>. The pressure-tank valve is operated by turning
+a handle on the valve flexible shaft within reach of the firer.
+Counterclockwise operation of handle releases pressure to the
+fuel tanks. Clockwise turning closes the valve.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_14b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Trigger</span>. The trigger is at the front grip of the gun. Pulling
+the trigger vigorously ignites an incendiary charge in the ignition
+cylinder. This in turn ignites the fuel as it leaves the gun. The
+trigger action also causes the ignition cylinder to revolve one-fifth
+of a turn, presenting another charge for firing. Each of the
+five charges may thus be used in rapid succession, if necessary,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">16</a></span>
+by pulling the trigger vigorously as many as five times.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_14c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Valve lever and grip safety</span>. The valve lever and grip safety
+are mounted on opposite sides of the valve grip of the gun. When
+both controls are compressed, fuel is propelled from the gun. If
+either the valve lever or the grip safety is not compressed, the
+fuel valve remains closed and the fuel remains in the weapon.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_VII_OPERATION_UNDER">Section VII OPERATION UNDER
+USUAL CONDITIONS</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_15">15. TRAINING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Effective use of the M2-2 portable flame thrower can be achieved
+only by diligent practice with the weapon. Untrained firers or
+assistants should never be sent on a mission.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_15a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Practice</span>. Firers should practice under varying conditions
+of wind, range, elevation, depression, and traverse. The shortness
+of the total firing time (approximately 8 to 9 seconds) demands
+split-second judgment and coordination.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_15b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Use of water in training</span>. Water may be used (instead of
+fuel) for elementary practice firing. Ignition cylinders are not
+used with water. The water under pressure may cause serious
+injuries to personnel at 10 yards. After practice with water, the
+gun should be disassembled (Pars <a href="#PARA_73">73</a> through <a href="#PARA_76">76</a>), cleaned and
+dried piece by piece, and lubricated. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_15c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Use of fuel in training</span>. When using fuel in training, select
+or prepare a practice field of fire which provides at least 125
+yards for range and 30 yards for spread. If the field contains
+dry grass, brush, or other flammable material, a fire-fighting
+squad should be available with equipment and source of water.
+Assistants and observers should stay well behind the firer because
+of danger from wind shifts. See Paragraph 40 for additional
+precautions.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_16">16. CHARGING, FILLING, AND SERVICING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Before use on missions or for training, flame throwers must be
+charged, filled, and serviced. Charging with compressed air or
+compressed nitrogen is described in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_32">32 and 33</a>;
+filling with fuel in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_34">34</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>; and servicing in
+Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_50">50</a> through <a href="#PARA_56">56</a>. Test for pressure. (<a href="#PARA_53d">Par 53 <span class="u">d</span></a>)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_17">17. CONNECTING TANK GROUP AND GUN GROUP.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">If a charged and filled tank group has been brought up to replace
+an emptied one:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_17a"><span class="u">a</span>. Place the new tank group on the ground with the tank coupling<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">17</a></span>
+on top. If the filling is thickened fuel, allow the tank group
+to rest in this position for from 1 to 2 minutes.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_17b"><span class="u">b</span>. Remove coupling plug from new tank group and disconnect
+gun group from emptied tank group. Place unthreaded end of fuel
+hose in tank coupling and lock in place. (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_17c"><span class="u">c</span>. Lock the coupling plug in the emptied tank group.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_18">18. LOADING WITH IGNITION CYLINDER.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_18a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">General</span>. Just before the start of a mission, load an unused
+ignition cylinder into the ignition head. (M1 and E1 ignition
+cylinders are identical and may be used interchangeably.) Cylinders
+are packed two to a can. Do not open cans until ready
+to load for a mission. The second cylinder in the can should be
+used in another flame thrower on the same mission or as soon
+as possible after opening the can. Partly used cylinders may be
+employed in training.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_18b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Precautions</span>. Care must be taken, whenever cylinders are
+handled, to avoid any blows or pressure against the metal match
+ends. (<a href="#Fig_13">Fig 13</a>) Face, hands, and other parts of the body should
+never be exposed to front of cylinder or front of gun.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_13">
+<img src="images/i_p017.jpg" width="600" height="507" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 13. Ignition cylinder before use.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">18</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_18c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Procedure</span>. Loading procedure is as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Unscrew and remove ignition shield. (<a href="#Fig_14">Fig 14</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Place ignition cylinder on end of barrel (<a href="#Fig_15">Fig 15</a>), being
+careful not to grasp cylinder by its ends.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Raise nozzle end of gun so cylinder slides down against the
+spring case of the ignition head. (<a href="#Fig_16">Fig 16</a>) If necessary, rotate
+cylinder so it slips down all the way. Do not force cylinder
+into place as forcing may prematurely ignite it.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Rotate spring case and ignition cylinder clockwise as far
+as they turn freely.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Place ignition shield over cylinder. Engage the slot in the
+shield on the spring-case pin.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) Turn shield, screwing it onto ignition-head body. Make
+sure the threads engage during the first turn of the shield. When
+the slot on the shield engages the latch on the ignition head (<a href="#Fig_17">Fig 17</a>),
+the gun is loaded.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) If shield cannot be turned by hand tight enough to engage
+latch, unscrew shield. Then turn shield backwards until threads
+engage and repeat (6) above.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_14">
+<img src="images/i_p018_1.jpg" width="300" height="330" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 14. Unscrewing ignition shield, with pressure on
+latch.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_15">
+<img src="images/i_p018_2.jpg" width="300" height="301" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 15. Placing ignition cylinder on gun. Care must be
+taken to avoid striking or pushing metal matches of cylinder.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_16">
+<img src="images/i_p019_1.jpg" width="600" height="215" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 16. Ignition cylinder in place on gun before
+replacement of ignition shield.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_17">
+<img src="images/i_p019_2.jpg" width="600" height="370" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 17. Ignition head assembled for firing of gun.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">20</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_18">
+<img src="images/i_p020.jpg" width="600" height="378" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 18. Tank group adjusted on firer.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">21</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_19">19. CARRYING THE TANK GROUP.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The tanks are supported on the firer’s back and secured to it by two
+shoulder straps and two pairs of body straps. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>) The straps may
+be adjusted by the buckles to fit the operator. The shoulder straps
+pass over the shoulders and under the arm pits; the lower body straps
+are clasped tightly in front of the body; and the upper body straps are
+clasped across the chest to prevent the shoulder straps from slipping
+and the tank group from rolling off the back. Adjustments to the
+various straps should be made until the unit is carried with the bottom
+of the fuel tanks at the small of the operator’s back. The tank group
+should fit snugly so that it does not shift if the operator changes
+position quickly.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_20">20. CARRYING THE GUN.</h4>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_19">
+<img src="images/i_p021.jpg" width="600" height="346" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 19. Carrying the gun, with hands in position to fire.</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent">The procedure for carrying the gun is as follows:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20a"><span class="u">a</span>. Carry the gun with the hose at the right side. (<a href="#Fig_19">Fig 19</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20b"><span class="u">b</span>. Grasp the valve grip with the right hand and the front grip
+with the left hand, being careful not to operate the controls until
+ready to fire.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20c"><span class="u">c</span>. Keep the gun pointed away from friendly personnel at all
+times.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20d"><span class="u">d</span>. Do not face the front of the gun at any time. Even when no
+fuel is being ejected, the incendiary charges of the ignition cylinder
+can cause severe burns.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20e"><span class="u">e</span>. Keep the gun dry and clean if possible. Avoid getting dirt
+or foreign matter into the weapon.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20f"><span class="u">f</span>. Avoid rough handling.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20g"><span class="u">g</span>. Wear gloves if available.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_20h"><span class="u">h</span>. Carry any extra ignition cylinders only in metal containers.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">22</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_21">21. OPENING PRESSURE-TANK VALVE.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The release of pressure into the fuel tank causes a hissing sound.
+Therefore, open the pressure-tank valve while still out of hearing
+range of the enemy. Do not, however, open it prematurely because
+of the possibility of pressure leaks. To prevent frothing
+of the fuel, keep the tank group in as nearly an upright position as
+possible when opening pressure-tank valve. Be sure to turn the
+valve handle all the way in a counterclockwise direction. Stiffening
+of the fuel hose occurs when the pressure-tank valve is opened.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_22">22. RANGES.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Firers and assistants should learn to judge ranges by frequent
+practice under varying conditions. The firers should be trained
+to approach as close as practicable to the target and to fire if
+possible at point-blank range for the greatest results.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_22a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Point-blank range.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Effects</span>. At very close (point-blank)
+range almost all of the burning fuel can be fired at great velocity
+directly through ports and openings into the target. Maximum
+casualties and damage are caused in the hostile position.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Protection</span>. Common sense precautions are taken to prevent
+casualties to friendly personnel from possible ricochet or
+rebounding of flame. If the target includes a vertical wall at a
+right angle to the firer or other friendly personnel, the weapon
+should not be fired at closer than 7 to 10 yards. When the weapon
+is fired at small openings in a bunker or pillbox, the firer and
+other members of the assault squad should not approach closer
+than 7 to 10 yards from the target.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_22b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Other effective ranges.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Open fields of fire</span>. When
+thickened gasoline is used, portable flame throwers may fire
+with considerable effect as far as 40 yards under normal conditions,
+depending on wind direction and wind speed. Under the
+same conditions, liquid fuel maybe effective at 20 yards. Results
+and accuracy are not as great as at point-blank range.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Jungle or thick underbrush</span>. If the target is located in
+jungle or thick underbrush without cleared fields of fire, the
+effective range of the flame thrower is reduced by as much as
+one half, depending on the nature and density of the vegetation.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_22c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Ineffective ranges</span>. Although the flame may reach considerably
+farther than the ranges stated in <span class="u">b</span> (1) above it may be
+useless because of the steep angle of descent and because much
+of the fuel is burned before it reaches the target.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_23">23. WIND DEFLECTION.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Wind is an important factor because of the low velocity of the
+flaming fuel. Wind can lengthen, shorten, or deflect the flame.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_23a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Head winds</span>. Head winds of more than 5 miles per hour tend
+to carry heat or even flame back toward the firer. Liquid fuel
+should not be fired into a head wind of more than 5 miles per<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">23</a></span>
+hour. The range and accuracy of thickened fuels is reduced.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_23b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Following winds or very light winds</span>. Best results are obtained
+under these conditions.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_23c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Cross winds</span>. When firing at or near maximum range, cross
+winds deflect, breakup, and disperse the flame. They also reduce
+the range.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_24">24. FIRING POSITIONS.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_24a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Ease of aiming</span>. The flame thrower can be fired from any position
+that permits sufficient freedom to aim the weapon, subject to the
+conditions in <span class="u">b</span>, <span class="u">c</span>, and <span class="u">d</span>, below. This includes standing,
+kneeling, and prone. In some instances, flame throwers have been fired
+with tank groups resting on the ground or on skids. If used in this
+way, the tops of the fuel tanks must be propped up to conform to <span class="u">b</span>,
+below.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_24b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Angles of the tanks</span>. When firing, the bottoms of the fuel
+tanks must always be substantially lower than the tops. The tops
+of both tanks must also each be the same distance above the horizontal
+and neither tank should be tilted to one side. Otherwise,
+only a small part of the fuel may be blown from the tanks.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_24c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Recoil</span>. Stability must be sufficient to withstand the recoil
+from the gun. If possible, the firer should hold the gun snugly
+against his right side to support it and to absorb its recoil.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_24d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Protection</span>. Full advantage should be taken of cover and
+concealment, such as shell craters and vegetation.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_25">25. AIMING.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_25a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Sighting</span>. There are no sights on the gun because of the
+short range from which it is fired, the variety of fuels used, and
+the marked effects of wind. (<a href="#PARA_23">Par 23</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_25b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Fortifications</span>. When firing at a fortified position, flame
+must be directed <span class="u">into openings</span> (gun ports, firing slits, ventilation
+screens, doorways). Flame inside gives the desired effects, but
+flame on the outside has little effect on personnel within.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_25c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Thickened fuel</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_3">3</a> and <a href="#Fig_20">20</a>) When firing at or near
+maximum range, it may take several seconds for a burst of thickened
+fuel to carry through the air to the target area. Short bursts
+may result in misses at long range for this reason. Skill in aiming
+is particularly important with thickened fuel.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_25d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Liquid fuel</span>. With liquid fuel, the greatest effect may be obtained
+by placing the flame directly on the target. (<a href="#Fig_21">Fig 21</a>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">24</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_20">
+<img src="images/i_p024.jpg" width="600" height="330" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 20. Thickened fuel flame hitting and clinging to target. Fuel burns for several minutes.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">25</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_21">
+<img src="images/i_p025.jpg" width="600" height="329" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 21. Flame (liquid fuel) hitting target.</p></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_26">26. FIRING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">With pressure-tank valve open:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_26a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Pull trigger</span>. Pull the trigger rapidly and vigorously. A
+flash should appear at the front of the gun. This shows that an
+incendiary charge of the ignition cylinder has been ignited. Release
+the trigger. (If the flash does not appear, pull the trigger
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">26</a></span>
+again, or as often as necessary up to five times, until a flash appears.)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_26b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Squeeze fuel valve</span>. Immediately after pulling trigger, compress
+the valve lever and grip safety vigorously with the right
+hand. Burning fuel will be propelled from the gun.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_26c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Adjust fire</span>. Direct the flaming fuel at the target. Continue
+to squeeze the valve lever and grip safety throughout the burst.
+When thickened fuel is fired, follow the fuel with eyes to the side
+of the stream in order to observe and correct aim. (If eyes are
+directly behind the stream, the flame may obscure the target.)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_27">27. CEASING OR INTERRUPTING FIRE.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">To cease or interrupt firing, release the controls.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_28">28. ADDITIONAL BURSTS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">To fire additional bursts, repeat procedure followed in Paragraphs
+26 and 27, keeping in mind that there are five incendiary charges
+in the ignition cylinder and that the total firing time, not including
+time between bursts, is approximately 8 to 9 seconds. Each of
+the five incendiary charges in the ignition cylinder burns for
+from 8 to 12 seconds.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_29">29. SOAKING THE TARGET.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">When liquid fuel is used, it may be desirable to soak the target
+with fuel first and ignite it afterward. To do this, fire one or two
+short bursts without pulling the trigger. Then follow with an ignited
+burst, as in Paragraph <a href="#PARA_26">26</a>.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_30">30. AFTER FIRING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">When the firer has returned from his mission, he should:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_30a"><span class="u">a</span>. Remove and discard the ignition cylinder, as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Point gun at the ground.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Press latch. (<a href="#Fig_14">Fig 14</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Unscrew the ignition shield and allow ignition cylinder to
+fall out. (Be careful to keep the hands away from the front of the
+cylinder.)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Save the partly used cylinder for training use or destroy
+it by firing from gun after fuel tanks have been emptied. For information
+on care, handling, and storage of cylinders, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_30b"><span class="u">b</span>. Close the pressure-tank valve by turning valve handle
+clockwise (to conserve remaining pressure in pressure tank).</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_30c"><span class="u">c</span>. Point the gun away from personnel and blow out the remaining
+fuel, if any, from the fuel tanks by squeezing the valve
+lever and grip safety until there is no further discharge. The
+trigger should not be used during this operation.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_30d"><span class="u">d</span>. Take off tank group from the back.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_30e"><span class="u">e</span>. Inspect, clean, and maintain the flame thrower (Pars <a href="#PARA_55">55</a> and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">27</a></span>
+<a href="#PARA_56">56</a>) or, if experienced maintenance personnel is close at hand, turn
+the weapon over to them for servicing.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_30f"><span class="u">f</span>. After servicing, place the weapon in the packing chest (<a href="#PARA_77">Par 77</a>)
+for protected storage, or prepare it for the next mission.
+(Pars <a href="#PARA_50">50</a> through <a href="#PARA_53">53</a>)</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_VIII_AUXILIARY">Section VIII AUXILIARY
+EQUIPMENT</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_31">31. IGNITION CYLINDER.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_31a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_13">13</a> and <a href="#Fig_22">22</a>) Either the
+M1 or E1 ignition cylinder may be used. It fits over the fore
+part of the barrel assembly and is revolved by the spring case.
+(<a href="#PARA_76">Par 76</a>) The five incendiary charges in the cylinder are spaced
+sufficiently far apart in the plastic body to prevent their igniting
+one another. Lead-foil seals, plastic closure plates, and waterproof
+cement make the unit comparatively waterproof.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_22">
+<img src="images/i_p027.jpg" width="600" height="424" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 22. Cutaway view of ignition cylinder (M1 or E1).</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_31b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Action</span>. When the trigger rod is pushed forward, one of five
+metal matches tipped with red phosphorus scratches an igniting
+mixture. The ignition carries to a starter mix and to a few grains
+of black powder on top of the incendiary charge. The black powder
+blows the foil seal and closure plate clear of the flame thrower,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">28</a></span>
+and the incendiary charge ignites the fuel as it is discharged from
+the nozzle. The incendiary charge burns for from 8 to 12 seconds.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_31c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Packing</span>. Ignition cylinders are packed two per waterproof
+can. Three cans are furnished with each flame thrower. Fifty
+cans (100 ignition cylinders) are contained in each packing box of
+extra cylinders.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_31d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Care, handling, and storage</span>. Ignition cylinders contain
+hazardous incendiary material and must be handled with due care.
+The following precautions should be observed.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Opening cans</span>. Do not open cans containing cylinders until
+ready to load for a mission. (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>) If an extra cylinder remains
+in an opened can, use it as soon as possible. Any defective cylinders,
+such as those with damaged closure plates, should be
+destroyed. (Pars <a href="#PARA_30">30</a> and <a href="#PARA_46">46</a>) Moisture may affect the cylinders
+and all possible care should be taken to avoid exposing them to
+dampness.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Handling cylinders</span>. Pressure on any of the five metal
+matches (<a href="#Fig_13">Fig 13</a>) may ignite an incendiary charge in the cylinder.
+Care must be exercised to avoid putting pressure on the projecting
+ends of the matches except when firing the weapon. Ignition
+cylinders and cylinder containers should be protected against
+shock. Boxes and cans containing cylinders must not be thrown
+or dropped.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Storing containers</span>. Containers of ignition cylinders are
+best stored in a dry, well-ventilated place, out of the direct rays
+of the sun, well protected against excessive temperatures. Smoking
+is not permitted and matches are not used where ignition cylinders
+are stored.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_32">32. CHARGING PRESSURE TANK.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_32a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">General</span>. The pressure tank of the flame thrower must be
+fully charged with compressed air or compressed nitrogen before
+the start of a mission. For the M2-2 flame thrower, a pressure
+of at least 1,700 pounds per square inch is required. This may be
+provided either by the use of an air compressor capable of producing
+a pressure of at least 1,700 pounds per square inch, or
+by the use of commercial cylinders. The filling and charging
+lines from the service kit are used in conjunction with the cylinders.
+Before and after charging, follow the procedures described
+in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_51">51</a> and <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_32b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Charging from air compressor</span>. Compressor, air, gasoline
+engine driven, 7CFM, M1, is a self-contained, skid-mounted
+machine designed for use with flame throwers. It is capable of
+charging pressure tanks of flame throwers and large 200-&nbsp;or
+220-cubic-foot commercial cylinders as well. Instructions for
+use of the compressor will be found in the manual accompanying it.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_32c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Charging from cylinders</span>. If an air compressor is not available,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">29</a></span>
+it is necessary to use cylinders containing nitrogen or air.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Volume and pressure</span>. Cylinders come charged with 200
+to 220 cubic feet of air or nitrogen. Since cylinders with 220
+cubic feet of air or nitrogen have a higher initial pressure,
+it is recommended that they be procured, if obtainable. All cylinders
+used must have a pressure of at least 600 pounds per
+square inch. One or more of the cylinders must have a pressure
+of at least 1,800 pounds per square inch. Two or more cylinders,
+preferably at least four, should be used, if available.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Charging capacity</span>. Fully charged cylinders, if properly
+used in rotation, have capacity for charging pressure tanks
+approximately as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="cylinder capacity">
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">1 cylinder (used alone)</td>
+<td class="tdr">2</td>
+<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">2 cylinders (in combination)</td>
+<td class="tdr">6</td>
+<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">4 cylinders (in combination)</td>
+<td class="tdr">24</td>
+<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">5 cylinders (in combination)</td>
+<td class="tdr">36</td>
+<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">6 cylinders (in combination)</td>
+<td class="tdr">48</td>
+<td class="tdl">pressure tanks</td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Apparatus</span>. The apparatus for charging two pressure tanks
+by the use of cylinders consists of a filling line, two charging
+lines, and two cylinders. (<a href="#Fig_23">Fig 23</a>) The filling line and charging
+lines are obtained from the service kit. (<a href="#PARA_48">Par 48</a>) Plugs are provided
+to close off either half of the filling line when only one
+flame-thrower tank group is to be charged.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Warning</span>. Oxygen is sometimes shipped in cylinders having
+the same threads as nitrogen cylinders. If oxygen not mixed
+with nitrogen, as in air, is introduced into the fuel tanks of the
+portable flame thrower, a violent explosion may result. Therefore,
+the greatest care must be exercised to see that only air or
+nitrogen is used. <span class="u">Before a cylinder is connected, it should be
+tested to determine that it does not contain straight oxygen or
+some combustible gas</span>. This may be done by introducing a burning
+splint into a jet of the contents. Oxygen causes the splint
+to burn quickly, whereas nitrogen extinguishes the flame. To
+make the test:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Fasten a thin splint of wood to a wire at least a foot long.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Ignite the splint.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Stand aside and hold it before the cylinder outlet.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Crack the valve slightly to permit a small stream of gas
+to emerge.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) If the flame flares up, the gas is oxygen and <span class="u">MUST NOT</span>
+be used.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) If the gas itself catches fire, it may be hydrogen, acetylene,
+or some other combustible gas, which also must not be used.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Attaching lines to cylinders</span>. (<a href="#Fig_23">Fig 23</a>) The procedure for
+charging two flame thrower pressure tanks from two cylinders
+of nitrogen or compressed air begins as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Remove the valve-protection caps from the cylinders.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">30</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_23">
+<img src="images/i_p030.jpg" width="437" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 23. Charging two pressure tanks, using charging and filling
+lines, and cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">31</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Place the cylinders side by side with both outlets facing
+in the same direction. (If the ground is not level enough for the
+cylinders to stand up side by side, lay them horizontally with
+both outlets face up.)</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Before attaching the filling line to the cylinders, blow
+out dust. (<a href="#PARA_33">Par 33</a>) Then connect, using wrenches to make the
+joints pressure tight. Do not kink or bend the flexible hose. Cylinders
+must be close enough together to prevent strain on the
+flexible hose.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Attach a charging line to each of the two couplings on
+the filling line.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) <span class="u">Attaching charging lines to pressure tanks.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Close pressure-tank valves.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Unscrew caps from check valves.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Screw the charging-line fittings onto the check valves.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Close bleeders.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) <span class="u">Charging</span>. The operation of charging two pressure tanks
+from two cylinders is as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Close both filling-line valves.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Open cylinder valves.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Determine which cylinder has the lower pressure by the
+gages. Open the filling-line valve at the gage showing the lower
+pressure and fill the pressure tanks to the pressure shown by the
+gage. Close the valve. Then open the other filling-line valve
+and fill the pressure tanks until they reach pressures of at least
+1,700 pounds per square inch as shown by the gage.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) When the pressure tanks have been filled, close the filling-line
+valves. Open the bleeders on the charging lines and leave
+them open until the pressure in the charging lines is released.
+Then close bleeders. Remove the charging-line fittings from
+the check valves. Screw the threaded caps on the check valves
+and tighten caps with a wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Repeat steps in (<span class="u">a</span>) through (<span class="u">d</span>) above for as many pairs
+of empty flame-thrower tanks as require charging.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(8) <span class="u">To insure proper pressure</span>. Care should be taken to make
+certain that the compression delivered to the flame-thrower pressure
+tank is a full 1,700 pounds per square inch.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) If a filling-line valve leaks, tighten the packing nut on
+the valve with a wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) When the higher pressure shown on the filling-line gages
+is less than 1,700 pounds per square inch, close the filling-line
+valve and the cylinder valve on the cylinder having the lower
+pressure. Remove and replace this cylinder with a fully charged
+cylinder. With chalk, mark the pressure on the cylinder which
+has been withdrawn.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(9) <span class="u">After charging</span>. When charging has been completed:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Close the filling-line valves. Observe the pressure indicated
+on each gage and mark the pressure on each cylinder using<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">32</a></span>
+crayon, chalk, or pencil.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Close the valves on the cylinders.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Remove the charging-line fittings from the check
+valves, replace the threaded caps on the check valves, and tighten
+caps with a wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Remove the filling lines from the cylinders. Use two
+wrenches and take care not to twist or kink the flexible hose.
+Support the lines during the operation so that their full weight
+does not hang on the flexible hose during removal.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_24">
+<img src="images/i_p032.jpg" width="600" height="385" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 24. Arrangement of cylinders and lines for charging four
+flame throwers. Flexible hose (assembly E81-3-6) from
+service kit is used to connect two filling lines.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(10) <span class="u">Use of four-place lines</span>. (<a href="#Fig_24">Fig 24</a>) The filling and charging
+lines found in two or more service kits may be combined for more
+efficient charging of large numbers of pressure tanks. An additional
+flexible hose is provided in each service kit for connecting
+two filling lines. The procedure for charging is similar to that
+described above for the two-place line. Air or nitrogen is taken
+first from the cylinder with the lowest pressure and last from the
+cylinder with the highest pressure. See <span class="u">a</span> (2) above.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_33">33. PRECAUTIONS WHEN PRESSURE-CHARGING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Personnel will familiarize themselves with the following precautions:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u"> Handling</span>. Handle all cylinders and flame throwers carefully;
+never drop them and never subject them to shocks or blows.
+Keep valve-protection caps secured when cylinders are being
+handled, except when such handling is incident to the use of the
+nitrogen or air.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">33</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u"> Storage</span>. Keep all cylinders and charged flame throwers or
+tank groups (<a href="#PARA_77">Par 77</a>) in open or closed storage. They must, however,
+be protected from dampness and excessive rise in temperature
+caused by the direct rays of the sun or other source of heat.
+Avoid storing them near highly flammable substances, or in places
+where they may be struck by moving objects. Segregate empty
+cylinders to avoid confusion.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u"> Personnel</span>. Do not attempt to use compressed gases unless
+trained in this work. Use gases only for the purposes for which
+they are intended.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u"> Cylinder valves</span>. Do not tamper with safety devices in cylinder
+valves. If available, use the proper replacement parts
+for safety devices which are in need of repair. If such parts are
+not available, do not attempt to use makeshifts or nonstandard
+parts.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u"> Opening of valves</span>. Open valves slowly and fully each time
+nitrogen or compressed air is transferred from a cylinder. When a
+wrench is used, be sure it is one that fits properly, and that it is
+kept ready for instant use while the compressed gas is being released.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u"> Threads</span>. See that threads match before making connections.
+Some valves are provided with special threads which must be
+matched by the threads in the equipment being connected.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u"> Correct equipment</span>. Use gages, regulators, hose, pipe, and
+tubing of the type manufactured or specified for the particular
+apparatus or compressed gas.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u"> Repair</span>. Never attempt to alter or repair a cylinder.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u"> Flames and sparks</span>. Do not permit flames, sparks, or ignition
+from the flame thrower or other source to touch hose.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u"> Blowing out dust</span>. Immediately before coupling an attachment to the
+pressure tank or cylinder valve, open it for an instant to blow out any
+dust or dirt. Never stand where gas or dirt may be blown into the eyes
+or face. If the valve is difficult to open, apply more force gradually.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33k"><span class="u">k</span>. <span class="u"> Special devices</span>. Do not attempt to use any special connections or
+equipment without the approval of a qualified expert.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_33l"><span class="u">l</span>. <span class="u"> Keeping valves closed</span>. Keep the valve of each cylinder closed when
+its contents are not actually being released from or admitted to the
+cylinder. This applies alike to all cylinders, whether they contain a
+compressed gas or are empty.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_34">34. CHARACTERISTICS OF FUELS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Thickened fuels give up to twice the range of liquid fuels. The
+stream of thickened fuel is comparatively narrow. Most of the
+glue-like fuel clings to and burns in or on the target for as long
+as 6 minutes. Liquid fuels, on the other hand, are largely consumed
+in flight to the target. If the location of small openings
+in the target is known, the stream of thickened fuel can be spotted<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">34</a></span>
+by accurate aiming so that most of the fuel enters directly
+into the openings. While it does not billow around corners as
+does liquid fuel, thickened fuel strikes the target with force enough
+to ricochet inside. It clings to skin and clothing while burning.
+It also has excellent incendiary effects. The initial flame and
+smoke are less from thickened fuel than from liquid fuel, but the
+lower visibility, greater range, and much longer burning period
+of thickened fuel compensate for its smaller screening effect.
+Liquid fuels are easier to pour when filling than are thickened
+fuels.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_35">35. PREPARATION OF THICKENED FUELS.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_35a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Ingredients</span>. Thickened fuels consist of U.S. Army fuel
+thickener mixed with fuel.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Thickener</span>. U.S. Army thickener is supplied in airtight
+cans, each containing 5-1/4 pounds of the material.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Gasoline and fuel oil</span>. Gasoline alone is often used with
+thickener, but mixtures of gasoline and light fuel oil may be used
+satisfactorily. The light fuel oil can be either No. 1 fuel oil, No.
+2 fuel oil, automotive diesel oil, or kerosene. These mixtures
+give more heat and do not form crusts. Except in hot climates,
+75 percent or more of the mixture by weight or volume should
+be gasoline. (If too much light fuel oil is included, the fuel tends
+to separate into two layers.) In tropical theaters, a thickened
+blend of 50 percent gasoline and 50 percent light fuel oil has been
+reported to give favorable results. Storage qualities are not
+known, however. Another mixture which has been well recommended
+in field reports is 15 gallons of gasoline to 5 gallons of
+diesel fuel oil. Issue gasoline may be used, but locally procured
+gasolines which contain alcohol are not suitable.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Proportion of thickener to fuel</span>. Less thickener is recommended
+than formerly. A low ratio of thickener gives a thickened
+fuel with many of the characteristics of liquid fuel. One
+can of thickener to 20 U.S. gallons of gasoline, or gasoline and
+light fuel-oil mixture, gives good results. This is a 4.2 percent
+by weight mixture. Except in hot weather, a fuel mixture of less
+than 3 percent thickener requires such long stirring that its preparation
+is impractical.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Equipment</span>. An open-head 55-gallon or 42-gallon drum and
+an improvised wooden mixing paddle are used. Five-gallon cans
+may be employed to transfer the ingredients. The paddle should
+be approximately 5 feet long, 2 inches wide, and 1 inch thick.
+If a standard 55-gallon, open-head drum with an internal diameter
+of 27-7/16 inches is used, the improvised paddle should be marked
+to indicate gallons as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="paddle markings">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Gallons</span></th>
+<th class="tdr normal"><span class="add2em"><span class="u">Inches</span></span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">40</td>
+<td class="tdr">23-1/2</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc">20</td>
+<td class="tdr">11-3/4</td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">35</a></span>
+Do not use a metal paddle because of the danger of striking a
+spark from the drum. Never use galvanized containers for mixing
+and storing thickened fuels. These may cause the fuel to break
+down and become excessively thin. An improvised funnel may be
+helpful in filling drums with prepared fuel for aging or transporting.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35d"><span class="u">d. Temperatures.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Below 50 degrees</span>. If the temperature is
+below 50 degrees Fahrenheit, it is helpful to prepare thickened
+fuel indoors, in a heated room. All precautions should be particularly
+observed. (<a href="#PARA_40">Par 40</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Above 90 degrees</span>. When the fuel is hotter than 90 degrees
+Fahrenheit, the thickener reacts very rapidly. In this case, it is
+easier to prepare batches of 20 gallons each, but any number of
+batches may be prepared in succession.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35e"><span class="u">e. Moisture.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Effect of moisture</span>. Water in thickened fuel
+breaks down or reduces the viscosity of the gel and thereby reduces
+the range of the flame thrower. This effect may not be
+noticeable at once, but the stability of the fuel is affected.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Dryness of thickener</span>. Dry thickener is extremely hygroscopic,
+that is, it absorbs moisture from the atmosphere very
+rapidly. For this reason, thickener is shipped in hermetically
+sealed tin cans containing the exact quantity of powder required
+for mixing with 20 gallons of fuel to prepare a 4.2 percent mixture.
+It is important that the gasoline or fuel oil and gasoline
+be measured out before the thickener container is opened. The
+powder then should be poured immediately into the liquid.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Dryness of containers</span>. It is important that all containers
+used in mixing and handling the fuel be dry.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Keeping water out of gasoline</span>. Gasoline, especially when
+it has been stored in vented containers, frequently includes free
+water. Therefore, when using gasoline from a bulk-storage tank
+or an open drum, first place it in a clean, dry drum; allow it to
+stand quietly for at least an hour; then carefully pour off the
+gasoline from the top and discard the last gallon or two.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Pouring and stirring</span>. (<a href="#Fig_25">Fig 25</a>) The liquid fuel is poured
+into the open drum; a pail or a paddle (<a href="#PARA_35c">Par 35 <span class="u">c</span></a>) is used for measuring.
+One man then stirs the fuel vigorously. Another takes a
+can of thickener, splits it with a machete, bayonet, or ax, and
+pours it immediately into the fuel. Any large lumps of powder
+are broken by hand before the powder is added to the fuel. When
+mixing 40 gallons at a time, the two cans of thickener should be
+opened and added to the fuel in rapid succession. If the contents
+of the first can are permitted to gel before adding the second can,
+it will be difficult to obtain a uniform mix. Continue to stir.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">36</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_25">
+<img src="images/i_p036_1.jpg" width="600" height="446" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 25. Measuring fuel ingredient into mixing drum. Paddle
+for measuring and stirring is improvised.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_26">
+<img src="images/i_p036_2.jpg" width="600" height="430" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 26. Transferring newly mixed thickened fuel from mixing
+drum to storage or shipping container for aging.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_35g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Examining fuel</span>. Lift the paddle quickly. If the mixture
+drops or runs from the paddle, additional stirring is necessary.
+When the paddle comes out clean, except for an adhering film,
+stirring should be stopped, provided there is no further visible
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">37</a></span>
+settling of particles of thickener.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Loading shipping drums</span>. When stirring is completed, the
+mix is immediately bucketed (<a href="#Fig_26">Fig 26</a>) through a funnel into the
+shipping drum. The second bung hole should be open, if possible,
+to provide a vent to aid in pouring. Two men do the bucketing,
+each handling one pail so that the funnel may be kept loaded with
+mix and the shipping drum filled as rapidly as possible. Finally,
+the open-end drum should be picked up and its contents poured
+into the funnel. Not more than 50 gallons of thickened fuel should
+be loaded into a 55-gallon drum. The funnel should then be removed
+and replaced by a plug. The vent opening of the drum should
+also be closed. (See Paragraph 39 for pressure method of filling
+storage drums.)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Unused thickener</span>. Any thickener remaining in opened cans
+should be discarded. Since moisture in the air can quickly ruin
+its properties, no attempt should be made to save it.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u">Aging and storing</span>. Newly mixed fuel has the appearance of
+tapioca pudding. (<a href="#Fig_27">Fig 27</a>) It should preferably be stored overnight
+before use. It may, however, be fired within 1 hour after mixing.
+To keep fuel in good condition, drums for shipping and storing
+must be clean, moistureproof, dry, strong, and unrusted, but not
+galvanized. They must be kept tightly closed and should be laid
+on their sides so that rain water will not collect around the bungs.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_35k"><span class="u">k</span>. <span class="u">Testing fuel</span>. Before use on missions, all fuels should be
+tested by being fired from a flame thrower. This is advisable
+because the characteristics of the fuel ingredients often vary.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_27">
+<img src="images/i_p037.jpg" width="600" height="374" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 27. Contrasting newly mixed thickened fuel (right)
+with aged fuel (left).</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">38</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_36">36. PREPARATION OF LIQUID FUELS.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_36a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Choice of ingredients</span>. Thin fuels are easy to ignite, but
+they lack range and are largely burned in flight before reaching
+the target. For this reason, liquid fuels should contain the lowest
+proportion of gasoline and the highest proportion of heavier oils
+that permits easy ignition. In hot climates, less gasoline is
+needed than in cold climates. Exactness of proportion, however,
+is not of great importance. Suitable blends are as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Equal parts by weight or by volume of gasoline, light fuel
+oil, and heavy (bunker) fuel oil. The light fuel oil can be either
+No. 1 fuel oil, No. 2 fuel oil, automotive diesel oil, or kerosene.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) One part gasoline to four parts of cleaned crankcase drainings.
+(<a href="#PARA_36e">Par 36<span class="u">e</span></a>) Unused motor lubricating oil can be employed in
+place of crankcase drainings, but usually it will be unavailable
+for flame-thrower use.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36b"><span class="u">b. Preparation of ingredients</span>. Before mixing blends, the following
+steps should be taken:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Gasoline, diesel oils, and fuel oils</span>. These fuel materials
+should be allowed to stand quietly for at least 30 minutes to permit
+any small quantity of water present to settle to the bottom.
+When transferring the fuel to another container, remove the fuel
+carefully so that no water is remixed with it.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Crankcase drainings</span>. If possible, crankcase drainings
+should be allowed to stand quietly in a container for at least 1 day.
+When pouring, take care to prevent the transfer of any of the
+sludge which may have settled in the bottom of the container.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Equipment</span>. An open-head 55-gallon or 42-gallon drum and
+an improvised wooden mixing paddle are used. The paddle should
+be approximately 5 feet long, 2 inches wide, and 1 inch thick. A
+metal paddle should not be provided because of the danger of striking
+a spark from the drum. Five-gallon cans may also be furnished
+for measuring and transferring ingredients. Clean, unrusted,
+steel storage drums should be at hand. They should be at
+least 16-gage to have sufficient strength to withstand the internal
+vapor pressure of the fuel.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Stirring</span>. All the ingredients should be stirred in the drum
+with the paddle until they appear to form a uniform mixture.
+This should require approximately 2 minutes.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Crankcase-draining blends</span>. If crankcase drainings are
+used as an ingredient (<a href="#PARA_36b">Par 36<span class="u">b</span></a>), it is preferable to allow the prepared
+mixture to settle for 24 hours after stirring, because the
+gasoline in the mixture may cause additional sludge to be deposited.
+Even after this settling period, it is recommended that the
+mixture be poured through cheesecloth or some similar fabric
+before the flame thrower is filled. Crankcase-draining blends
+should be allowed to stay in the flame thrower only long enough
+for completion of a mission, because additional sludge which may
+form from standing will clog the weapon.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">39</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Transferring</span>. The mixture should be transferred either
+directly into the flame-thrower fuel tanks (Pars <a href="#PARA_37">37</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>)
+or into storage drums. (<a href="#PARA_35h">Par 35<span class="u">h</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Emergency mixing in fuel tanks</span>. In an emergency, mixing
+can be done in the flame-thrower fuel tanks by adding the ingredients
+in correct proportions and then shaking or stirring.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Testing fuel</span>. Before fuel is used on a mission, it should
+be tested, if possible, by being fired from a flame thrower.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_36i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Storage</span>. Fuels may be used immediately after preparation.
+If the blend contains crankcase oils, the fuel should be fired as
+soon as practicable after filling. Other liquid blends may be
+stored indefinitely until required for use. For storage precautions
+see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>. The storage drums also should be kept
+tightly closed to prevent loss of gasoline through evaporation and
+to prevent moisture from entering the fuel. If stored in the open,
+the drums should be laid on their sides so that rain water will not
+collect adjacent to the bungs. An unrusted and undamaged 16-gage
+or 18-gage drum has sufficient strength to withstand the
+internal vapor pressure of the fuel.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_37">37. FILLING BY POURING.</h4>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_28">
+<img src="images/i_p039.jpg" width="600" height="441" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 28. Filling fuel tanks by pouring. Any clean
+container may be used. A funnel may be improvised.</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent">(<a href="#Fig_28">Fig 28</a>) This method is the simplest and quickest for liquid fuel,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">40</a></span>
+but it may be too slow for some thickened fuels. The procedure is as
+follows:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_37a"><span class="u">a</span>. Stand the tank group on the ground or a platform. If the tank
+group is not connected to the gun group, lock coupling plug in tank
+coupling. (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_37b"><span class="u">b</span>. Using a 1-3/4-inch wrench, unscrew the filling plug and the
+safety-head plug.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_37c"><span class="u">c</span>. Inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign
+matter. If not clean, flush with gasoline.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_37d"><span class="u">d</span>. Using an improvised funnel, fill to within 2 inches of the top of
+both plug openings. This allows sufficient void. The tanks will then
+contain approximately 4 gallons of fuel.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_37e"><span class="u">e</span>. Wipe the fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean,
+dry cloth. (<a href="#Fig_29">Fig 29</a>) If plug has a tendency to freeze to seat, lubricate
+(<a href="#PARA_49b">Par 49 <span class="u">b</span></a>) before screwing in the filling and safety-head plug
+assemblies. Tighten with wrench.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_29">
+<img src="images/i_p040.jpg" width="300" height="408" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 29. Wiping plug seat.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_37f"><span class="u">f</span>. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_38">38. FILLING BY FORCE PUMP.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">A force pump, if available, may be installed with a short length of
+pipe in the top opening of a drum of fuel for filling flame-thrower
+fuel tanks. Keep working parts of pump clean.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_39">39. FILLING BY BLOWING.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Thickened fuel may be readily forced into the fuel tanks of flame
+throwers by the use of extremely low pressures of compressed
+air or nitrogen. Flame thrower fuel filling kit E6 or equivalent
+may be used. When equipment is available, filling by blowing is
+more efficient for filling large numbers of flame throwers with
+thickened fuel. Pouring or pumping are more time-consuming,
+depending on the consistency of the gel. The consistency may vary
+among batches even when the same proportion of thickener is
+used. The amount of moisture in the fuel seems to cause this
+variation. The precautions listed in Paragraph <a href="#PARA_40">40</a> should be
+observed.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">41</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_30">
+<img src="images/i_p041.jpg" width="600" height="360" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 30. Blowing thickened fuel into fuel tanks by use of
+cylinders of compressed air or nitrogen.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_39a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Source of pressure</span>. When the pressure in cylinders of compressed
+air or nitrogen has fallen too low to be of further use in filling
+pressure tanks of flame throwers, the remaining pressure<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">42</a></span> may be used
+to blow fuel into fuel tanks if the regulator valve can reduce pressure
+down to 20 pounds per square inch. For precautions, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>.
+An air compressor or a hand air pump (tire pump) may be used in place
+of a cylinder if the latter is not available. Pressure of <span class="u">no more than
+15 to 20 pounds</span> per square inch should be used on the fuel drums. Only
+a diaphragm-type regulator valve can be used safely. This valve must be
+capable of regulating any pressure that may be applied to it.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_39b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Drums</span>. Clean, noncorroded, steel, 55-gallon drums should be used.
+Drums of United States manufacture which meet requirements will be
+stamped ICC-5 or ICC-5A, followed by three numbers in sequence, for
+example, “14-55-44.” The number “14” indicates the gage of the metal;
+“55” indicates the capacity in gallons; and “44” indicates the year
+of manufacture. A steel drum of 14 gage, or heavier, is preferable,
+but lighter drums (of 16 or 18 gage) may be used. Drums made of gages
+lighter than 18 gage (20-or 22-gage) must not be used. Drums should
+never be moved while under pressure.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_39c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Connections</span>. The source of pressure (see <a href="#PARA_39a"><span class="u">a</span></a> above), the drum
+of fuel, the fuel-filling line, the air hose, and other parts, are
+connected as shown in <a href="#Fig_30">Figure 30</a>. Threaded adapters are used, as
+necessary, to fit lines to the drum. All threaded connections should
+be made tight by the use of wrenches on the joints. The drum and the
+pressure cylinder (if the latter is used) should be laid on their sides
+on the ground or a platform. The opening of the drum connected to the
+fuel-filling hose should be close to the ground or platform. If tank
+group is filled without gun group, lock coupling plug (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>) in tank
+coupling.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_39d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Procedure</span>. To fill fuel tanks:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Remove both the filling and safety-head plugs.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Inspect interior of tanks to see if clean and free from foreign
+matter. If not clean, flush with gasoline.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Place end of fuel-filling hose in either one of the two fuel-tank
+plug holes, using a nipple as a spout.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Start air compressor or pump, or open the valve on the cylinder of
+compressed air or nitrogen. Open regulator valve on filling line by
+turning handle <span class="u">slowly</span> until gage shows 15 to 20 pounds pressure, but
+no more. <span class="u">Caution</span>: “Cracking,” or opening a cylinder valve without
+using the proper regulator valve (<a href="#PARA_39a">Par 39 <span class="u">a</span></a>), may result in explosive
+pressure in the drums.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Both tanks must be filled to within 2 inches of their tops. Close
+valve on fuel-filling hose to halt flow at this level.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) If no additional flame throwers are to be filled, close
+pressure-cylinder valve, or stop compressor or pump. Then, using
+wrench, slightly loosen the air line at the drum, allowing pressure
+to bleed. When the pressure in the drum has fallen to that of the
+atmosphere, close regulator valve.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">43</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) Roll drum slightly and gently until fuel-filling hose is at top of
+drum.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(8) If there are valves on each end of the fuel-filling hose, use
+wrench to slightly loosen hose, allowing gradual escape of pressure.
+Stand away from, and at the side of, the connection. Keep hose pointed
+away from other personnel. When all pressure has been released,
+complete unscrewing of hose.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(9) Wipe fuel-tank plug seats and the plug threads with a clean, dry
+cloth. Then screw in filling plug and safety-head plug assemblies,
+applying grease (<a href="#PARA_49b">Par 49 <span class="u">b</span></a>) if plug tends to freeze to seat. Tighten
+with wrench. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_40">40. PRECAUTIONS WITH FUELS.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_40a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Flammability</span>. All fuels used in flame throwers obviously are
+highly flammable and must be handled, stored, and used with extreme
+care. Diesel oil, fuel oil, and kerosene require the same care as does
+gasoline.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Indoor storage</span>. When it becomes necessary to handle gasoline in
+a room or building, the windows and doors should be open and care
+taken that no unprotected flame which might ignite the fumes is in the
+vicinity. The doors and windows should remain open for a sufficient
+length of time afterward to allow any vaporized gasoline to escape.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Flames and sparks</span>. The presence of open flames, heated stoves,
+electrical tools and apparatus, and other equipment likely to cause
+sparks must not be permitted. Even nails and metal cleats in shoes are
+a potential hazard in the presence of combustible fumes.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Smoking</span>. “No Smoking” signs must be posted in prominent places
+about the premises and the rule against smoking must be strictly
+enforced.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Ventilation and cleaning</span>. The buildings in which fuel is stored
+or used must be well ventilated and thoroughly cleaned every day. No
+rubbish or other flammable material should be permitted to remain in or
+near such buildings.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Spillage</span>. Care should be taken that fuel is not spilled. Any
+spillage should be removed promptly.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Safety cans</span>. Safety cans should be used, if possible, for storing
+small quantities of gasoline, as they have covers that must be forcibly
+held open to remove or add gasoline.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Rags</span>. Metal receptacles with metal lids should be provided for
+discarded, oily, or gasoline-soaked rags. These rags must be disposed
+of daily.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Electrical apparatus</span>. Vaporproof incandescent electric lamps,
+switches, and other appliances of approved type should be used. Open
+switches, relays, and similar apparatus, or motors with commutators,
+must not be used where gasoline fumes may be encountered.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">44</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u">Hose</span>. Flexible metal, rubber, and rubber-metal hose should be
+inspected regularly (at least four times a year) and discarded when
+noticeably deteriorated.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40k"><span class="u">k</span>. <span class="u">Toxic fumes</span>. Gasoline fumes are somewhat toxic and should not be
+inhaled.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40l"><span class="u">l</span>. <span class="u">Leaks</span>. Leaks must never be neglected, and the fact that gasoline
+is a dangerous liquid must always be kept in mind. Inspections for
+leaks should be made frequently, particularly at pipe and hose joints.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40m"><span class="u">m</span>. <span class="u">Fire extinguishers</span>. Carbon tetrachloride, carbon dioxide, or
+foam-type fire extinguishers should be provided and located where they
+will be accessible in the event of fire. Sand, not water, should be
+thrown on burning fuel if suitable extinguishers are not available.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_40n"><span class="u">n</span>. <span class="u">Leaded gasoline</span>. Gasoline often contains a poisonous lead
+compound. Such gasoline, or fuel containing leaded gasoline, should not
+be allowed to touch the body, especially the lips, eyes, open cuts, and
+sores.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_IX_OPERATION">Section IX OPERATION
+UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_41">41. WET CONDITIONS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The M2-2 flame thrower may be carried and fired successfully
+in the rain or even after short immersion in water. After use
+when wet, it should be dried to prevent rusting, cleaned, and
+lubricated. (Pars <a href="#PARA_49">49</a> and <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>) Areas where paint has worn off
+should be touched up with fresh paint. The weapon should be
+stored in a dry place. Moisture must not be allowed to enter
+fuel, ingredients of fuel, or containers of ignition cylinders.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_42">42. DUST AND MUD.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Keep all possible dust, earth, and mud out of the flame thrower;
+particles may interfere with the operation of spring case, valves,
+bearings, and pressure regulator. Store weapons and auxiliary equipment
+in closed chests and boxes when not in use. (<a href="#PARA_77">Par 77</a>) Clean before use.
+(Pars <a href="#PARA_51">51</a> and <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_43">43. HEAT.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">A hot climate or exposure to the sun makes the fuel thinner when in
+containers. Thin fuel has shorter range; it is largely consumed in the
+air before it reaches usual effective ranges. Where the climate is
+torrid, less gasoline or other thinning agents should be used in a fuel
+blend than normally. (Pars <a href="#PARA_34">34</a> through <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">45</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_44">44. COLD.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Cold weather reduces total heat produced at target but seldom enough
+to seriously lower value of a firing mission. Incendiary effects may
+be decreased because materiel is less flammable when cold. The weapon
+may be used at temperatures as low as minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit. To
+improve ignition, use more gasoline in fuel than normally. (Pars <a href="#PARA_34">34</a>
+through <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_45">45. WIND.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Flame throwers should not be fired into strong head winds or across
+strong side winds. (<a href="#PARA_23">Par 23</a>)</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_X_DEMOLITION">Section X DEMOLITION<br />
+TO PREVENT ENEMY USE</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_46">46. DESTRUCTION PROCEDURE.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">If circumstances should force abandonment of chemical warfare materiel
+in the field, it is destroyed or rendered useless to prevent its use or
+study by the enemy. The following methods are recommended:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_46a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Flame thrower</span>. One or more small-arms bullets through the fuel
+tanks will prevent any immediate use of the flame thrower. Additional
+rounds may be put through the pressure tank. If the pressure tank is
+charged, the pressure-tank valve should be opened for a few seconds,
+thus permitting the contents to dissipate. This is necessary if rounds
+are to be fired point-blank. The gun may be rendered useless by bending
+it over a hard object. A sledge or ax will demolish valves and tubes. A
+fragmentation grenade will also achieve demolition.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_46b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Filling and charging apparatus</span>. The flexible tubing, gages, and
+valves may be destroyed by blows with an ax, sledge, or other heavy
+instrument. The large pressure cylinders are rendered useless by
+releasing the contents and then destroying the valves by blows with an
+ax or sledge. Cylinders can be stacked like cordwood in groups of five
+and demolished by the detonation of four 1/2-pound blocks (2 pounds) of
+TNT in their midst. The air compressor may be destroyed by a similar
+procedure.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_46c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Fuel</span>. Burn.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_46d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Mixing apparatus</span>. Containers and filling lines may be rendered
+useless by ax or sledge blows, or by small-arms fire.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_46e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Thickener</span>. Cans of thickener should be broken open. Contents
+should be thrown into a fire or into a body of water.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_46f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Ignition cylinders</span>. Burn to destroy. Personnel should stay
+several yards from the fire because the cylinders ignite with a slight
+detonation.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">46</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="PART_THREE">PART THREE<br />
+<br />
+MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS</h2>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<h3 id="Section_XI_GENERAL">Section XI GENERAL</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_47">47. SCOPE.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Part Three contains information for the guidance of the personnel of
+the using organizations responsible for the maintenance (1st and 2nd
+echelon) of this equipment. It contains information needed for the
+performance of the scheduled lubrication and preventive maintenance
+services as well as descriptions of the major systems and units and
+their functions in relation to other components of the equipment.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Section_XII_SPECIAL_ORGANIZATIONAL">Section XII SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONAL
+TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_48">48. SERVICE KIT.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">One service kit for portable flame thrower M2-2 will be furnished
+for each six M2-2 portable flame throwers. The kit includes tools,
+equipment, and spare parts for second echelon maintenance and for
+pressure-tank charging. Adjustable wrenches may be included in place of
+the plain-end wrenches listed. Numbers listed with items are Chemical
+Warfare Service stock numbers. Approximate contents are as follows:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_48a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Tools.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Screwdriver, cabinet, 4-1/2-inch blade length, 3/16-inch blade
+diameter, H22-50-13. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Screw driver, common, 6-inch blade length, 5/16-inch blade diameter,
+H22-50-6. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Wrenches, hex, 3/16 inch across flats (for 3/8-inch socket-head set
+screws), H22-49-91.</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Wrenches, hex, 1/8 inch across flats (for 1/4-inch socket-head set
+screws), H22-49-12. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">47</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, valve-adjusting, assembly A81-6-48. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-1/2-inch openings, 12 inches
+approx length, H22-49-113. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, engineers’, double head, 3/4-inch and 7/8-inch openings, 9
+inches approx length, H22-49-115. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, heavy “S”, 1-3/8-inch and 1-3/4-inch openings, 12 inches
+approx length, A81-6-49. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, engineers’, single head, 1-1/8-inch opening, 10-1/2 inches
+approx length, H22-49-31. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Wrench, adjustable, single end, 6 inches approx length
+(crescent-type), H22-49-67. (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_48b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Accessories and spare parts.</span></p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Line, filling, pressure cylinder, assembly C81-3-4. (<a href="#Fig_23">Fig 23</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Hose, flexible, assembly E81-3-6. (<a href="#Fig_24">Fig 24</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Lines, charging, pressure cylinder, assembly B81-3-29. (<a href="#Fig_23">Fig 23</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Tank and valve, pressure, assembly (less shaft and handle) B81-1-374.
+(<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Shaft, flexible, valve, assembly E81-1-470. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Handle, valve, A81-1-473. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Nut, machine-screw, hex, 5/16-inch, 24NF-2, H22-93-55. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Case, spring, assemblies B81-1-444. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Diaphragm, valve, assemblies A81-1-416. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Hose, fuel, flame thrower, M1, assembly B81-1-498. (<a href="#Fig_48">Fig 48</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Plugs, coupling, E81-1-514. (<a href="#Fig_7">Fig 7</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">6 Heads, safety, R81-1-561. (<a href="#Fig_39">Fig 39</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Gage, fuel tank testing, assembly E81-6-57. (This assembly includes a
+plug drilled, tapped, and fitted with a 0-500-pound pressure gage.)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">3 Washers, coupling, A81-1-513. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Cord, cotton, seine, No. 4 hard braided, mildewproof, O.D., (1/8-inch
+diameter by 25-feet skeins), H100-4-5.</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">6 Bushings, pipe, head, 3/4 inch by 1/2 inch, (galvanized iron),
+H98-5-93. (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig 9</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Regulator, pressure, assembly B81-1-438. (Figs 33 and 37)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Compound, anti-seize, white lead base, (for threaded fittings)
+1/4-pound can, H99-3-12.</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">2 Gages, pressure cylinder testing, assembly B81-6-90. (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig 32</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Catalog CW7-440114, Army Service Forces, “Portable Flame Thrower
+M2-2.”</p>
+
+<p class="hangingindent4">1 Technical Manual 3-376A, “Portable Flame Thrower M2-2.”</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">48</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_31">
+<img src="images/i_p048.jpg" width="600" height="298" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 31. Lubrication order.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent small">To requisition a replacement
+Lubrication Order address
+Office of the Chief, Chemical
+Warfare Service, Washington
+25, D. C.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent small">NOT TO BE REPRODUCED
+in whole or in part without permission
+of the Office of the
+Chief, Chemical Warfare Service.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent sansserif"><b>NO. 4001</b></p>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="lubrication">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal bord_bot" colspan="4">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&nbsp;<span class="sansserif">KEY</span>&nbsp;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc bord_left bord_right bord_bot" colspan="2"><span class="sansserif">LUBRICANTS</span></td>
+<td class="bord_bot">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl bord_right bord_bot"><span class="sansserif">INTERVALS</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdr bord_left"><span class="sansserif">CG-</span></td>
+<td class="tdl bord_right"><span class="sansserif">GREASE,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="sansserif">1-</span></td>
+<td class="tdl bord_right"><span class="sansserif">AFTER EACH MISSION</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="bord_left">&nbsp;</td>
+<td class="tdl bord_right"><span class="sansserif">GENERAL PURPOSE</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><span class="sansserif">6-</span></td>
+<td class="tdl bord_right"><span class="sansserif">AFTER SIX MISSIONS</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc bord_left bord_right" colspan="2"><span class="sansserif">NO. 1 (ABOVE + 32°F)</span></td>
+<td class="tdc bord_right" colspan="2"><span class="sansserif">OR MORE OFTEN</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc bord_left bord_right bord_bot" colspan="2"><span class="sansserif">NO. O (BELOW + 32°F)</span></td>
+<td class="bord_right bord_bot" colspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc" colspan="4">
+<span class="sansserif small">THIS ORDER IS TO BE FASTENED TO INSIDE LID OF FLAME THROWER<br />
+PACKING CHEST.</span></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<p class="noindent small">Copy of this Lubrication Order will remain with the equipment at all
+times; instructions contained therein are mandatory and supersede all
+conflicting lubrication Instructions dated prior to <span class="sansserif large"><b>5 MAY 1944</b></span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">By order of the Secretary of War:<br />
+<span class="add2em">G. C. Marshall, Chief of Staff.</span></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Official:<br />
+<span class="add1em">J. A. Ulio,</span><br />
+<span class="add2em">Major General,</span><br />
+<span class="add3em">The Adjutant General.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">49</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XIII_LUBRICATION">Section XIII LUBRICATION</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_49">49. LUBRICATION.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_49a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Gun group</span>. War Department Lubrication Order No. 4001
+(<a href="#Fig_31">Fig 31</a>) shows the parts which require lubrication, the lubricants,
+and the intervals.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Lubricants</span>. Grease, general purpose, No. 1 is used,
+except for temperatures below freezing, when grease, general
+purpose. No. 0 is used. The bearing surfaces should be lightly
+coated with the grease.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Frequency of lubrication</span>. The surfaces of the ignition-head
+body which touch the spring case should be lubricated after
+each use of the weapon. Other parts are lubricated after six
+firing missions, six training sessions, or oftener. All should
+be thoroughly cleaned (Pars <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>, and <a href="#PARA_56">56</a>) with gasoline,
+dry cleaning solvent, or other solvent, then dried before lubrication.
+If the gun is disassembled for any other reason, it should
+be lubricated before reassembly.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Records</span>. To ascertain when six missions have been fired, a record
+of firing (<a href="#PARA_2">Par 2</a>) should be kept with each flame thrower.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_49b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Tank group</span>. The tank group ordinarily requires no lubrication.
+However, it may under the following exceptional circumstances:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) If the tank group has been immersed in water for several hours,
+the flexible shaft of the pressure valve may have lost its lubricant.
+If so, remove the shaft (<a href="#PARA_66b">Par 66 <span class="u">b</span></a>) and inspect. If lubricant is not
+present, as indicated by difficulty of movement after removal, dip
+the shaft in solvent to clean and then dip in warmed grease, general
+purpose, No. 1. Replace shaft in valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) If filling or safety-head plugs (Figs <a href="#PARA_39">39</a> and <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>) tend to stick
+to fuel tanks, apply grease, general purpose, No. 1 (No. 0 if below
+freezing temperatures) before replacing plugs.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XIV_PREVENTIVE">Section XIV PREVENTIVE
+MAINTENANCE SERVICES</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_50">50. GENERAL</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">Preventive maintenance services, as prescribed by Army Regulations,
+are a function of using organization echelons of maintenance.
+These services consist of:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">50</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_50a"><span class="u">a</span>. Before, during, and after operation services performed by
+the firers and assistants.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_50b"><span class="u">b</span>. Scheduled services performed by organizational maintenance
+personnel (service when filling and charging, and service
+after six firing missions).</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_51">51. BEFORE-OPERATION SERVICE OF TANK GROUP.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The following services are to be performed before filling,
+charging, and loading the flame thrower with pressure, fuel, and
+ignition cylinder:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>. Open and close pressure-tank valve
+to test for ease of operation.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Threaded connections</span>. Check all threaded connections for
+tightness, using appropriate wrenches.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Tank coupling</span>. Examine coupling for cleanliness and ease
+of movement of lock and cams. (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>) Clean if necessary.
+If washer is broken, replace, using screw driver to pry out.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Plugs</span>. Check filling plug and safety-head plug for completeness
+of parts (<a href="#PARA_69a">Par 69 <span class="u">a</span></a>) and cleanliness of threads and seats. Clean, if
+necessary, with cloth. If rod or rod and chain have broken off and
+fallen in tank, turn tank upside down and remove. Remove deflector
+tube from head (using hand, not wrench). Inspect to see if diaphragm
+is intact. If diaphragm is ruptured, replace the safety head with an
+unbroken head. (<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 b, c</a>) Reassemble plug, head, and deflector tube
+in left fuel tank. (<a href="#Fig_11">Fig 11</a>) Tube should face to rear and at a 45-degree
+angle to operator’s left shoulder. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>) Screw in deflector tube by
+hand; do not use wrench on deflector tube. Tighten lock nut with wrench.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Pressure-tank clamp</span>. The clamp should hold the pressure
+tank tightly in place. If tank is loose, a wooden splint or wedge
+under the clamp may be used as a temporary expedient.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Carrier-frame bolts</span>. Check tightness. Use wrench.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Carrier</span>. (<a href="#PARA_71">Par 71</a>) Examine all canvas, webbing, and cord
+for signs of mildew, rot, or wear. Replace defective parts. Move
+flame thrower to dryer storage if mildew occurs.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Cord (lashing)</span>. Check for tightness. If necessary, make
+tighter and use secure, slip-proof knots. When the tank group
+is filled with fuel and adjusted on the firer, its weight should be
+carried chiefly by the canvas and webbing, not by the metal frame.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_51i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Shoulder and body straps</span>. Adjust straps to fit firer. (Pars
+<a href="#PARA_19">19</a> and <a href="#PARA_71">71</a>) A loose tank group can cause discomfort or injury
+when the wearer changes positions while on a mission. Check
+presence and condition of the two pins and two cotter pins which
+hold shoulder straps to steel support. Check fasteners.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_52">52. BEFORE-OPERATION SERVICE OF GUN GROUP.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The following services are to be performed before filling, charging,
+and loading with pressure, fuel, and ignition cylinder:</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">51</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Hose nipple, tank end</span>. Examine to be sure nipple is clean
+and not badly nicked. If badly nicked, the nipple may not make
+a tight seal at the tank coupling. A leak and loss of pressure
+may result. See Paragraph <a href="#PARA_73d">73 <span class="u">d</span></a> for repair of the nipple.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Fuel hose</span>. Examine surface of hose for cracks or other signs of
+deterioration. Special attention should be paid to portions adjacent to
+the gun and tank coupling, which are subjected to severe flexing. If
+hose is defective, replace. (<a href="#PARA_73b">Par 73 <span class="u">b</span>, <span class="u">c</span></a>) Do not patch.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Hose nipple, gun end</span>. Check tightness of threaded connection
+between hose and fuel-valve body, using hand or very light wrench
+pressure.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Shield</span>. Remove ignition shield. Check cleanliness of
+threads on shield and on ignition-head body. If not clean, use
+cloth. When reassembling (<a href="#PARA_18c">Par 18 <span class="u">c</span></a>), shield should turn freely
+until it locks in correct position.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52e"><span class="u">e. Valve lever and needle.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) There should be some play in
+the valve lever. To test, remove ignition shield. Compress grip
+safety and valve lever slowly, observing the motion of the valve
+needle. The valve lever should move approximately 1/16 inch
+before the needle begins to move.</p>
+
+<p class="p2" id="PARA_52e2">(2) Valve needle should be seated firmly in the barrel nozzle.
+After the valve lever is pulled back and released, no play should
+occur in the needle. For adjustment of needle, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_75d">75 <span class="u">d</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Screws</span>. Use screw driver to test tightness of all screws.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Spring retainer and plug</span>. Check tightness of spring retainer
+and plug (<a href="#Fig_47">Fig 47</a>) by using hand or very light wrench pressure.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Ignition head</span>. All exposed surfaces of the shield, nozzle,
+needle, and other parts of the ignition head, or adjacent to it, should
+be clean. If not, use cloth.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Atomizer hole</span>. With the fuel valve held fully open, insert
+a fine wire in the atomizer hole of the nozzle to clean the hole.
+Then use cloth-wrapped splint to remove from the inside of the
+nozzle any foreign matter pushed through the atomizer hole. If
+such matter is not removed, it may interfere with the closing of
+the fuel valve needle at the nozzle. Repeat procedure in <a href="#PARA_52e2"><span class="u">e</span> (2)</a>
+above.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u">Spring case</span>. Spring case should turn freely on ignition head.
+If it does not, clean any grease or dirt from, surfaces with cloth
+and relubricate. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52k"><span class="u">k</span>. <span class="u">Trigger</span>. Pull trigger once or twice to find whether it operates
+easily and whether it returns to position. If not, clean and
+lubricate trigger. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>) Check condition of trigger spring.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_52l"><span class="u">l</span>. <span class="u">Trigger rod</span>. Check position of the trigger rod when trigger
+is pulled back all the way as when firing. The rod should
+extend approximately 1/16 inch beyond the end of the lug in the
+ignition head. If it does not, bend the rod slightly, reverse position
+of bearing, or replace worn parts.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">52</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_53">53. SERVICE WHEN FILLING AND CHARGING.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_53a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Inspection of fuel tanks</span>. Just before filling and charging,
+remove plugs (<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 <span class="u">b</span></a>) and examine interior of fuel tanks to see
+whether they are clean and free from foreign matter. If not clean,
+flush with gasoline until clean.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_53b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Fuel level</span>. When filling (Pars <a href="#PARA_37">37</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>), see that fuel
+reaches the same level in both tanks. If leveling does not occur,
+the tank connector may be clogged with foreign matter. If so, clean,
+as in <span class="u">a</span>, above. After filling, wipe plug seats with a cloth before
+replacing plugs. Wipe any spilled fuel from weapon.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_53c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>. Before charging the tank group with
+air or nitrogen, open and close the pressure-tank valve several
+times by hand to be sure it operates freely. If it does not, adjust
+as described in Paragraph <a href="#PARA_66d">66 <span class="u">d</span></a>.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_32">
+<img src="images/i_p052.jpg" width="600" height="435" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 32. Testing pressure tank and valve, using 0-3,000-pound
+testing gage from service kit.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_53d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Testing for leaks in pressure system</span>. After charging, and
+as few hours as possible before a mission, use an 0-3,000-pound
+gage furnished in service kit to test pressure. (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig 32</a>) To install
+gage, unscrew check-valve cap and screw gage in check-valve
+body. If pressure has fallen below that to which the tank was
+charged (<a href="#PARA_32">Par 32</a>), a leak is indicated. Remove gage, replace
+check-valve cap, and check for leaks at joints between pressure
+tank and valve and between tank valve and check valve. (A wrench
+should be used to tighten cap on check-valve body so as to avoid
+producing an additional leak.) Large leaks can be felt or heard.
+Small leaks can be detected by coating joints with soap-and-water
+solution. Bubbles indicate leaks. If a leak is revealed between<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">53</a></span>
+pressure tank and pressure-tank valve, or between check valve
+and pressure-tank valve, replace all three as a unit. If tests do
+not show up the leak the tank may have been improperly charged.
+It should be recharged and then retested.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_54">54. SERVICE WHEN FIRING.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_54a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Failure to ignite</span>. Pull trigger repeatedly. If ignition cylinder
+still fails to ignite, dirt may be wedged in ignition head.
+Unscrew shield one-half turn. Screw it back, rapping shield with
+the hand while turning. This should dislodge foreign matter.
+Pull trigger again. Repeat procedure, if necessary.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_54b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Safety head “blows” (breaks)</span>. If safety head breaks, firing
+mission cannot be carried out. On return, have head replaced.
+(<a href="#PARA_69">Par 69</a>) Follow test procedure. (<a href="#PARA_56b">Par 56 <span class="u">b</span></a>)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_55">55. SERVICE AFTER FIRING.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_55a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Unloading</span>. Remove ignition cylinder (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>), close pressure-tank
+valve, and blow out remaining fuel and pressure. (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of equipment</span>. Release the body straps, then the
+shoulder straps. If prone, lie on side and allow tank group to
+roll off onto ground. If standing or kneeling, take care that tank
+group does not drop on feet or legs.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Correcting or reporting</span>. Correct any failures or difficulties
+or report them as soon as possible to service or maintenance
+personnel.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Gun</span>. Remove shield (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>) and clean interior of shield
+with cloth. Clean holes in shield with wire or wooden splint.
+Clean external surfaces of barrel, nozzle, needle, and other parts.
+Check cleanliness and adjustment of needle. (<a href="#PARA_75d">Par 75 <span class="u">d</span></a>) Check
+trigger for operation. Lubricate. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Fuel tanks and passages</span>. Remove plugs (<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 <span class="u">b</span></a>). Drain
+any remaining fuel. Use gasoline to remove residues of thickened
+fuels before they have a chance to harden and obstruct passages.
+If necessary, fill tanks with gasoline and allow to stand
+for several hours, shaking occasionally. Drain and repeat if
+necessary.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Safety head</span>. Check head to see if it is ruptured; if it is, replace.
+(<a href="#PARA_69">Par 69</a>) Follow test procedure. (<a href="#PARA_56b">Par 56 <span class="u">b</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55g"><span class="u">g</span>. <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>. If weapon is to be stored, open
+pressure-tank valve and leave it open until next charging.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55h"><span class="u">h</span>. <span class="u">Carrier</span>. Scrub, if necessary, with soap and water, or
+gasoline.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55i"><span class="u">i</span>. <span class="u">Exterior metal surfaces</span>. Scrub exterior metal surfaces
+clean of fuel to prevent fire hazard. Allow to dry before using
+again.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_55j"><span class="u">j</span>. <span class="u">General inspection</span>. Carefully examine all other parts,
+adjust as necessary, and replace any which are damaged.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">54</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_56">56. SERVICE AFTER SIX FIRING MISSIONS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">After the flame thrower has been used on six firing missions
+or the equivalent in training work, experienced personnel should
+follow these directions:</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_56a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Before-operation and after-operation service</span>. Follow the
+same procedures as in Paragraphs 52, 53, and 55.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_56b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Test firing (or simulated firing).</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) If tactical conditions
+permit test firing at a suitable test range (<a href="#PARA_15">Par 15</a>), fill the fuel
+tanks with fuel. (Pars <a href="#PARA_37">37</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) If test firing with fuel is impracticable, fill fuel tanks with
+clean water. (Be sure to dry all parts after test.)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Remove filling-plug assembly</span>. (<a href="#PARA_69">Par 69</a>) Fish out the retainer
+rod and chain by means of a bent wire.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Do not unscrew the safety-head plug.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Insert the testing plug with 0-to 500-pound pressure gage
+(plug and gage are from service kit) in the filling-plug opening.
+Tighten testing plug in seat with wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) Fully charge pressure tank. (<a href="#PARA_32">Par 32</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) If test firing with fuel, load ignition cylinder. (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(8) Open pressure-tank valve and simultaneously observe
+pressure in fuel tanks by reading gage. The gage indicates the
+pressure in both tanks. It should be between 350 and 390 pounds
+per square inch.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(9) Read the gage at the expiration of not less than 5 minutes.
+The tanks should have a pressure reading of not more than 390
+pounds. If the pressure continues to increase beyond 390 pounds
+and the safety head blows, replace the safety head and the pressure
+regulator.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(10) Fire by operating controls (or simulate firing if tanks are
+filled with water). The burst should last 3 seconds, during which
+time the pressure should not drop below 260 pounds.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(11) If the pressure does not conform to the requirements
+stated in (8), (9), and (10), adjust the pressure regulator upward
+or downward. (<a href="#PARA_67d">Par 67 <span class="u">d</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(12) While the above test firing is proceeding, check for leaks
+at all joints and connections on the tank group. The pressure
+system should be checked by painting the joints with soap-and-water
+solution and by looking for bubbles which indicate leaks.
+For replacement of parts where pressure leaks, see Paragraph
+66. Fuel leaks may be seen without soap and water. For repair
+of fuel leaks, see Paragraph 75 <span class="u">e</span>. The nozzle should be
+observed by removing the ignition shield. Nozzle leaks are corrected
+by cleaning, adjusting needle (<a href="#PARA_75d">Par 75 <span class="u">d</span></a>), or by regrinding.
+(<a href="#PARA_75e">Par 75 <span class="u">e</span></a>) If this is not successful, replace both needle and barrel
+as a unit.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_56c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Fuel valve</span>. Discharge all pressure from the gun by operating
+the fuel valve. Carefully remove the valve grip and grip
+support. (<a href="#PARA_74">Par 74</a>) Look for signs of leakage at the valve diaphragm.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">55</a></span>
+If a leak is present, replace valve-diaphragm assembly.
+(Pars <a href="#PARA_75b">75 <span class="u">b</span></a> and <a href="#PARA_75c">75 <span class="u">c</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_56d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Valve grip</span>. Disassemble the valve grip (<a href="#PARA_74">Par 74</a>) and lubricate.
+(<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_56e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Carrier</span>. Tighten the carrier cord.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_56f"><span class="u">f</span>. <span class="u">Gun interior</span>. If thickened fuel has been fired, disassemble
+the gun. All parts should be cleaned of accumulations of
+dried fuel. Lubricate (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>) and reassemble. If liquid fuel
+has been fired, flush gun with clean gasoline. Disassemble only
+enough to lubricate. Reassemble.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XV">Section XV<br />
+<br />
+TROUBLE SHOOTING</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_57">57. PRECAUTIONS.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">First, remove the ignition cylinder. Then, before disassembling,
+servicing, or repairing parts which may be under pressure, be
+sure to release the pressure. Remove fuel, when necessary.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_58">58. FUEL LEAKS.</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="fuel leaks">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span>.&nbsp;Defective&nbsp;or damaged valve-diaphragm
+assembly.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">If leak is observed in valve grip,
+disassemble. (<a href="#PARA_74">Par 74</a>) If diaphragm is torn, or damaged in any other
+way, remove and replace. (<a href="#PARA_75">Par 75</a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span>. Defective threaded connections on fuel lines.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Disconnect, using wrenches. If
+thread is stripped or badly damaged, replace the threaded part. If
+threads appear to be sound, clean them and reconnect. If leak is
+between tank coupling and tank connector or between hose and fuel-valve
+body, apply anti-seize compound before rescrewing. Tighten joint with
+wrenches.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span>. Dirt or foreign matter on seats or threads.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Clean parts carefully with cloth
+before reassembling.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58d"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">d</span>. Leak at nozzle.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Adjust needle. (<a href="#PARA_75d">Par 75 <span class="u">d</span></a>)
+If leak persists, either replace needle and barrel as a unit or
+use lapping compound on parts. Turn needle in seat until parts
+make a tight connection when seated. Remove lapping compound and
+reassemble.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58e"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">e</span>. Worn body of hose.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">56</a></span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Replace fuel-hose assembly. (<a href="#PARA_73">Par 73</a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_58f"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">f</span>. Leak at tank coupling.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Remove and replace coupling washer if
+damaged. (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>) If hose nipple, tank end, is damaged, repair nipple
+(<a href="#PARA_73d">Par 73 <span class="u">d</span></a>) or replace fuel-hose assembly.</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_59">59. SAFETY HEAD “BLOWS” (BREAKS).</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="safety head blows">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_59a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span>. Defective safety head.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Replace with new safety head.
+(<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 <span class="u">b</span></a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_59b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span>. Defective pressure regulator.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">If replacement safety head also
+breaks, follow test procedure in
+Paragraph 56 <span class="u">b</span> to determine
+whether pressure regulator
+needs adjustment or is defective.</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_60">60. CARRIER UNCOMFORTABLE.</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="carrier uncomfortable">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_60a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span>. Cord becomes loose or breaks.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent"> Use only hard-braided seine
+cord furnished in service kit for replacements. Lace tightly as shown
+in <a href="#Fig_46">Figure 46</a>, using slip-proof knots at ends.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_60b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span>. Straps not adjusted to fit wearer.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Adjust straps to fit each new
+wearer. Tank group must be high on back and snug on body. (Pars <a href="#PARA_19">19</a> and
+<a href="#PARA_71">71</a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_60c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span>. Carrier frame presses on wearer’s back.</span></td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Cord is too loose. Tighten
+cord. Use slip-proof knots at ends.</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_61">61. SHORT RANGE.</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="short range">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_61a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span></span>. Stream of burning fuel issues at an angle or in a very broad spray.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent"> Fuel valve is not fully open because of:</p>
+<p class="indent">(1) Faulty operation. Be sure to compress controls
+all the way when firing. (<a href="#PARA_26">Par 26</a>)</p>
+<p class="indent">(2) Improper adjustment or assembly of valve. To
+correct, see Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_74">74</a> and <a href="#PARA_75">75</a>.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_61b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span></span>. Rapid drop of range during a burst.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Pressure-tank valve is not
+fully open. Open all the way. If this is not effective, test pressure
+regulator. (<a href="#PARA_67d">Par 67 <span class="u">d</span></a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_61c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span></span>. Shorter range in each successive burst.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Pressure tank is not fully charged.</p>
+<p class="indent">(1) Before firing be sure tank is
+charged to at least 1,700 pounds<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">57</a></span>
+per square inch. (<a href="#PARA_32">Par 32</a>)</p>
+<p class="indent">(2) Check for leaks to make sure
+pressure has not decreased
+since charging. (<a href="#PARA_53d">Par 53 <span class="u">d</span></a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_61d"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">d</span></span>. Short range with longer time of discharge than 8 to 9 seconds.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Dried fuel or other foreign
+matter is in fuel lines. Disassemble and clean.</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_62">62. FUEL-VALVE FAILURE.</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="toc">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">Valve fails to close when controls are
+released.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">(1) Work the
+grip safety to trip the valve lever.</p>
+<p class="indent">(2) Foreign matter may be in barrel, or barrel may be
+dented. If dented, replace barrel and needle as a unit. If not dented,
+disassemble and clean. (Pars <a href="#PARA_74">74</a> and <a href="#PARA_75">75</a>)</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_63">63. FAILURE OF IGNITION CYLINDER TO IGNITE.</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="failure of ignition cylinder to ignite">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_63a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span></span>. Match in cylinder moves but incendiary charge does not ignite.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Pull trigger repeatedly. If
+cylinder does not ignite, remove cylinder (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>) and examine.</p>
+<p class="indent"> (1) If matches have been pushed flush with inner
+surface of cylinder body, the cylinder is defective. Destroy. (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>)
+Replace.</p>
+<p class="indent">(2) If matches project 1/16 inch or more from
+cylinder, ignition head is defective. Disassemble ignition head
+(<a href="#PARA_76b">Par 76 <span class="u">b</span></a>) and examine. Replace parts as necessary. (<a href="#PARA_76">Par 76</a>
+<span class="u">c</span>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_63b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span></span>. Cylinder does not rotate to bring new charge into position.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">(1) Spring case is not free to
+rotate because of dirt. Clean and lubricate. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+<p class="indent"> (2) Cylinder is improperly loaded. (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>)</p>
+<p class="indent"> (3) Ignition cylinder binds on barrel because of
+dirt or excessive warping of ignition cylinders from heat of firing.
+Remove and destroy (<a href="#PARA_30">Par 30</a>) ignition cylinder. Reload.</p>
+<p class="indent"> (4) Spring case is defective. Replace as a unit.
+(<a href="#PARA_76b">Par 76 <span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76c"><span class="u">c</span></a>)</p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">58</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_63c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span></span>. Trigger does not return to normal position (with ignition cylinder in place).</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">1) When on a mission, use
+fingers on trigger to pull back to normal position.</p>
+<p class="indent"> (2) If time permits, remove trigger rod. (<a href="#PARA_76b">Par 76 <span class="u">b</span></a>) Clean rod and hole in which rod slides.
+Lubricate. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)
+Reassemble. (<a href="#PARA_76c">Par 76 <span class="u">c</span></a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_63d"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">d</span></span>. Lack of spring tension at trigger.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Trigger spring is off hook of
+trigger, off spring screw, or broken. Replace where necessary.</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_64">64. FAILURE OF FUEL TO IGNITE.</h4>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="failure of fuel to ignite">
+<tr>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Trouble</span></th>
+<th class="tdc normal"><span class="u">Remedy</span></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_64a"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">a</span></span>. Atomizer hole clogged.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Clean with fine wire. (<a href="#PARA_52i">Par 52 <span class="u">i</span></a>)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_64b"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">b</span></span>. Fuel troubles at low temperature.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">(1) At temperatures below minus
+20 degrees Fahrenheit, ignition of any standard fuel is uncertain.
+Operation at these temperatures should be avoided unless tests of fuels
+by firing with flame throwers are first made.</p>
+<p class="indent"> (2) At temperatures above minus 20 degrees
+Fahrenheit, no difficulty should be experienced with thickened
+gasoline. When blended fuels are used, the ratio of gasoline content
+should be increased as temperature decreases.</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt" id="PARA_64c"><span class="add1em"><span class="u">c</span></span>. Failure of ignition cylinder.</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">See Paragraph <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>.</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XVI">Section XVI<br />
+<br />
+TANK GROUP</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_65">65. GENERAL.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The tank group stores fuel and pressure. The fuel is placed under
+pressure when the pressure-tank valve is opened. The tank
+group is supported upon the firer’s back and shoulders by the
+carrier.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">59</a></span></p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_66">66. PRESSURE TANK AND VALVE ASSEMBLY.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_66a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. The pressure tank and valve
+assembly (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>) includes:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Pressure tank</span>. The pressure tank is a lightweight, airplane-type
+cylinder, able to withstand the great pressure which
+it contains. The tank is charged with air or nitrogen at 1,700 to
+2,100 pounds per square inch pressure by use of auxiliary equipment
+as described in Paragraphs <a href="#PARA_31">31</a> and <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>. This pressure stays
+in the pressure tank until the weapon is ready to be fired. Opening
+of the pressure-tank valve releases air or nitrogen through
+the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks. Oxygen or combustible
+gases are never used in the tank because a violent explosion may
+result. The tank is large in capacity to assure ample pressure,
+and hence full range, for the entire load of fuel. The pressure-tank
+clamp (<a href="#Fig_39">Fig 39</a>), a steel-strap device with hinge and toggle-type
+latch, holds the pressure tank in place on the fuel tanks.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Pressure-tank valve</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a> and <a href="#Fig_34">34</a>) This valve is
+screwed into the bottom of the pressure tank. The valve stem
+slides into the valve end of the valve flexible shaft. When opened
+by means of the valve handle and valve flexible shaft, the valve
+permits passage of compressed air or nitrogen through tubes
+and the pressure regulator to the fuel tanks. The valve is of the
+quick-opening, packless, diaphragm type.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Pressure-valve handle and valve flexible shaft</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a>
+and <a href="#Fig_34">34</a>) The pressure-valve handle is held by a small nut on the
+end of the valve flexible shaft, which in turn is connected to the
+pressure-tank valve by means of the valve stem and a large hex
+nut. The handle and shaft extend to the right of the tank group,
+enabling the firer to open and close the valve without assistance
+when carrying the weapon. The handle slips over the end of the
+shaft and is held to it by a nut. The shaft is held to one of the
+fuel tanks by a clamp, nut, and bolt welded to the tank.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Check valve</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a> through <a href="#Fig_35">35</a>) The check valve has
+the same function as the valve on a vehicular tire tube, but it is
+much heavier in construction and different in design because the
+pressure in the flame thrower is 50 times greater than that in an
+automobile tire tube. Connected by threads to the pressure valve,
+the check valve permits compressed air or nitrogen to enter the
+pressure tank during charging (Pars <a href="#PARA_31">31</a> and <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>) but prevents
+its escape when the outside source of pressure is removed. The
+cap is removed from the check valve only for charging or testing.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_66b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal</span>. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>) To prevent damage to threads, leaks,
+and loss of pressure and range, remove pressure tank and valve
+assembly only when necessary.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">60</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_33">
+<img src="images/i_p060.jpg" width="600" height="309" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 33. Pressure system disassembled, showing
+nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for
+requisitioning spare parts.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Release of pressure</span>. Be sure all pressure has been released
+from the pressure system before disassembling or removing
+any part or assembly of the pressure system. To release
+pressure, operate fuel valve (<a href="#PARA_26">Par 26</a>) and hold open until<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">61</a></span>
+pressure is exhausted. As an added precaution, personnel should
+avoid facing the connections when disconnecting parts or assemblies.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Removal procedure</span>. After release of all pressure:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Loosen the clamp from the valve flexible shaft.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Using wrench, unscrew the large hex nut which holds
+the flexible shaft on the pressure-tank valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Pull the valve flexible shaft and handle free of the valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Using wrench, unscrew the flared tube nut on the regulator
+tube adjacent to the pressure-tank valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Open pressure-tank clamp (<a href="#Fig_39">Fig 39</a>) and swing clamp
+strap outward.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) Remove the pressure tank together with the pressure-tank
+valve and check valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">g</span>) To remove valve handle, use the adjustable-end wrench
+to loosen and remove nut from threaded outer end of valve flexible
+shaft. Slide out the valve handle.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_34">
+<img src="images/i_p061.jpg" width="600" height="526" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 34. Lower portion of pressure system, assembled.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">62</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_35">
+<img src="images/i_p062.jpg" width="600" height="345" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 35. Check valve (cross section).</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_66c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a> and <a href="#Fig_39">39</a>) To install:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Insert pressure tank (with pressure-tank valve and check
+valve mounted on the tank) through the pressure-tank clamp. Be
+sure to aline the regulator tube, elbow, and pressure-tank valve
+threads carefully so that they cannot be damaged when connecting.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Close the pressure-tank clamp.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Start the threaded connections by hand to be sure they are
+well alined. Do not force. Use wrench for final tightening, but do
+not apply great torque to the wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Insert the valve flexible shaft through small clamp into
+the pressure-tank valve. Using wrench, tighten the large hex
+nut located between shaft and valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Tighten the clamp on the valve flexible shaft.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) Place pressure-valve handle on threaded end of the shaft.
+Place nut on threaded end and tighten with adjustable-end wrench.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_66d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Adjustment</span>. If valve handle cannot be turned by hand:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Remove flexible shaft and handle. Never apply a wrench
+to these parts.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Turn end of pressure-valve stem with wrench to open
+valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) If stem will not turn, replace the tank and valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) If stem turns, work it back and forth with wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Reconnect flexible shaft and handle.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) If handle does not turn easily, repeat the process until
+handle turns, or replace tank and valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) Close valve before charging tank.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_66e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) If either pressure tank, pressure-tank valve, or check
+valve are damaged or defective, all three must be replaced as a
+unit. No attempt may be made to repair any of these parts or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">63</a></span>
+their connections. If makeshift repairs or improvised parts are
+devised, serious accidents can result because of the extremely
+high pressures to which the equipment is subjected.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Keep all threaded connections tightened. If a leak is suspected
+at any threaded connection, follow procedure in Paragraph
+<a href="#PARA_53d">53 <span class="u">d</span></a>.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_67">67. PRESSURE REGULATOR.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_67a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. The regulator automatically
+reduces the variable pressure of air or nitrogen in the pressure
+tank to a constant operating pressure of approximately 350 pounds
+per square inch in the fuel tanks. The regulator is located at a
+protected position in the tank group of the M2-2 portable flame
+thrower, where it is not readily subject to tampering or damage
+from the outside. The regulator tube with fittings connects the
+pressure-tank valve and pressure regulator. (<a href="#Fig_33">Fig 33</a>) Its outlet
+is connected to the fuel tanks by the diffusion-pipe assembly.
+(<a href="#PARA_68a">Par 68 <span class="u">a</span></a>) Either of two interchangeable types of regulators
+is furnished: the spring type (Figs <a href="#Fig_33">33</a>, <a href="#Fig_36">36</a>, and <a href="#Fig_37">37</a>), and the
+dome type (<a href="#Fig_38">Fig 38</a>).</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_36">
+<img src="images/i_p063.jpg" width="300" height="550" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 36. Rear of tank group, with carrier removed to show
+pressure regulator (spring-type) and connections.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_67b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of pressure regulator</span>. After release of all pressure:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Remove carrier (<a href="#PARA_71b">Par 71 <span class="u">b</span></a>), if necessary.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Using wrench, unscrew the flared tube nuts and other fittings.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Lift out the pressure regulator.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_67c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of pressure regulator</span>. Line up pressure regulator,
+regulator tube, diffusion-pipe assembly, and fittings carefully so they
+will not be damaged when threads are tightened. Start threads with the
+hands. Apply only moderate wrench pressure to complete tightening.
+Replace carrier or carrier pack if either has been removed.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_67d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Adjustment of pressure regulator</span>. The pressure regulator
+ordinarily requires no attention other than checking and tightening
+connections with the regulator tube and the diffusion-pipe<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">64</a></span> assembly.
+If a defect in the regulator is indicated by falling off of the range
+of the weapon or by frequent breakage of the safety-head diaphragm (<a href="#PARA_56b">Par 56 <span class="u">b</span></a>),
+ the following procedure should be carried out. (When using
+wrenches, do not apply excessive force.)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Remove the filling plug (<a href="#PARA_69b">Par 69 <span class="u">b</span></a>) and ignition cylinder.
+(<a href="#PARA_30a">Par 30 <span class="u">a</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Fill the fuel tanks with 4 gallons of water (or fuel).</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Connect the 0-to 500-pound fuel-tank testing gage, found in the
+service kit, to the filling-plug hole. Tighten plug of gage with wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Charge the pressure tank to a pressure of 1,800 pounds per square
+inch. (Pars <a href="#PARA_32">32</a> and <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Open the pressure-tank valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) Read the pressure on the gage. If 350 to 390 pounds is indicated,
+omit steps (7) through (10).</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) <span class="u">To increase the pressure of a spring-type regulator</span>:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Pry off the protective cap.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Turn a set-screw wrench clockwise in the adjusting screw and read
+pressure on gage.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(8) <span class="u">To decrease the pressure of a spring-type regulator</span>:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Turn the set-screw wrench counterclockwise more than is
+considered sufficient to effect the desired reduction.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Turn the pressure-tank valve off.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Relieve pressure in the fuel tanks by compressing the fuel valve
+until the pressure is below that desired.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Release the fuel valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Open the pressure-tank valve and allow the system to reach a
+state of equilibrium, which occurs when the hissing sound ceases.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) Repeat the steps described above in (6) and (7).</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(9) <span class="u">To increase the pressure of a dome-type regulator</span>:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Open needle valve No. 1 one full turn. (<a href="#Fig_38">Fig 38</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Open needle valve No. 2 one full turn. (There will be slight
+leakage around the needle-valve thread.)</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Open needle valve No. 3 very slowly, watching pressure gage
+closely. (As pressure builds up in fuel tanks there will be slight
+leakage through needle valve No. 1.)</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) When the pressure gage indicates 350 pounds, close needle valve
+No. 3 tight.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Close needle valve No. 2 tight.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) Close pressure-tank valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">g</span>) When gage indicates zero, close needle valve No. 1 tight.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(10) <span class="u">To decrease the pressure of a dome-type regulator</span>:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Open needle valve No. 1 one full turn. (<a href="#Fig_38">Fig 38</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Open needle valve No. 3 very slightly, which will lower the
+pressure.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) When 350 pounds is reached, close valve No. 3 tight.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">65</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_37">
+<img src="images/i_p065_1.jpg" width="250" height="392" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 37. Pressure regulator, spring-type.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_38">
+<img src="images/i_p065_2.jpg" width="400" height="333" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 38. Pressure regulator, dome-type, showing needle
+valves and wrenches.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Close pressure-tank valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) When gage indicates zero, close needle valve No. 1 tight.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(11) Open pressure-tank valve and press the fuel valve to observe the
+pressure with the weapon operating.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(12) After final adjustment:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Close the pressure-tank valve.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Open the fuel valve and release the pressure from the fuel tanks.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Remove the pressure gage and plug from the fuel tank.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Install filling plug.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) Tighten filling plug with wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">f</span>) If regulator is spring-type, replace its protective cap.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_68">68. FUEL-TANK ASSEMBLY.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_68a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_4">4</a>, <a href="#Fig_5">5</a>, and <a href="#Fig_39">39</a>) The fuel-tank
+assembly includes:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Fuel tanks</span>. Two alloy steel fuel tanks hold the fuel before it
+is propelled to the target. They have a combined capacity, including
+void, of 4-1/2 gallons. A void of approximately 1/2 gallon is left in
+tanks when filling to allow for expansion and to permit entry of the
+compressed nitrogen or air. To speed filling and cleaning of the tanks,
+two openings are provided on top of the fuel tanks. The openings are
+threaded to receive the filling-plug assembly and the safety-head plug
+assembly, which are interchangeable in the openings. Filling operations
+involve the use of auxiliary equipment and are described in Paragraphs
+<a href="#PARA_34">34</a> through <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>. The carrier and the pressure system are supported on the
+fuel tanks.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">66</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_39">
+<img src="images/i_p066.jpg" width="600" height="329" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 39. Fuel system of tank group and related parts
+disassembled, showing nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock
+numbers for requisitioning spare parts.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Tank connector</span>. This open passageway between the fuel tanks
+makes them, in effect, a single container. The location of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">67</a></span> tank
+connector and its large diameter permit easy flow of fuel and pressure
+between the two tanks.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Hose connector</span>. The hose connector is the outlet for fuel from
+the fuel tanks. It is located so that nearly all the fuel is propelled
+from the weapon if firing positions are correct. (<a href="#PARA_24">Par 24</a>) One end is
+welded to an opening in the tank connector. The other end is threaded
+into the tank coupling.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Frame clamp</span>. This small metal clamp, with bolt, nut, and washer,
+holds the hose connector to the carrier frame.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Diffusion-pipe assembly</span>. This T-shaped tubing carries compressed
+air or nitrogen from the pressure regulator to each of the fuel tanks.
+A flared tube connection and elbow connect the stem of the T to the
+pressure regulator. The horizontal tubes of the T extend into the fuel
+tanks and are welded to the fuel tank walls. Within the fuel tanks
+these tubes are perforated with holes which permit ready escape of the
+compressed nitrogen or air into the fuel tanks when the pressure-tank
+valve is open.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_68b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal and installation</span>. The tank connector, hose connector,
+diffusion-pipe assembly, and the two fuel tanks are welded together and
+cannot be disassembled from each other. No attempt should be made to
+remove any of these parts or assemblies.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_68c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance</span>. Other than cleaning (Pars <a href="#PARA_51d">51 <span class="u">d</span></a> and <a href="#PARA_55e">55 <span class="u">e</span></a>),
+repainting, and tightening of threaded joints, no repairs will be
+attempted by the first or second echelon on the fuel tanks, tank and
+hose connectors, or diffusion-pipe assembly. Emergency repairs may be
+made only by the third or fourth echelon. No attempt should be made to
+weld or patch any part of the fuel tanks.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_69">69. FILLING AND SAFETY-HEAD PLUG ASSEMBLIES.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_69a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Filling-plug assembly</span>. (<a href="#Fig_39">Fig 39</a>) This assembly fits into the
+1-3/8-inch threaded opening at the top of either one of the fuel tanks.
+It permits filling and cleaning of the tanks, and seals the opening
+when the tank is not being filled or cleaned. The assembly includes
+the filling plug proper and a plug-retainer assembly. The latter is a
+metal rod which hangs from the plug on a metal chain. The rod and chain
+prevent accidental loss of the plug.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Safety-head plug assembly</span>. (Figs <a href="#Fig_39">39</a> and <a href="#Fig_40">40</a>) This assembly is
+screwed into the threaded opening on top of either fuel tank. It serves
+the same functions as the filling-plug assembly and moreover protects
+the firer and other personnel. It includes:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) <span class="u">Safety-head plug</span>. This plug is similar to the filling plug
+except for the threaded hole which receives the safety head.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) <span class="u">Safety head</span>. This metal head screws into the safety-head plug.
+It includes a soft metal diaphragm which bursts when the pressure in
+the fuel tanks exceeds 500 pounds per square inch.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">68</a></span> It prevents the
+building up of dangerous pressures in the fuel tanks.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_40">
+<img src="images/i_p068_1.jpg" width="264" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 40. Safety-head plug assembly (cross section).</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_41">
+<img src="images/i_p068_2.jpg" width="385" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 41. Unscrewing safety head from safety-head plug,
+using wrench.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) <span class="u">Deflector tube</span>. This short, curved piece of 1/8-inch pipe
+deflects fuel and pressure away from the firer if the safety head
+bursts. A lock nut holds the tube in position. (<a href="#PARA_12j">Par 12 <span class="u">j</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) <span class="u">Plug-retainer assembly</span>. This assembly consists of a metal rod
+and chain which hang from the plug and prevent accidental loss of the
+plug when filling or inspecting.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_69b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of plugs.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Before removing the filling plug, the safety-head plug, or an
+unbroken safety head, operate the fuel valve until any pressure which
+may have accumulated in the fuel tanks is eliminated. If the coupling
+plug is in the tank coupling, very slightly loosen the threads of
+either the filling plug or the safety-head plug, using the 1-3/4-inch
+wrench, to eliminate pressure in the fuel tanks. Keep face and eyes
+away from the threads.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) The plug-retainer assemblies should not be lifted completely out of
+the tanks unless required.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">69</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) If either the rod or the rod and chain breaks from one of the plugs
+and falls into the tank, upend the tank group to permit removal of the
+parts.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) To replace burst safety head, unscrew lock nut and deflector tube.
+(<a href="#Fig_11">Fig 11</a>) Using wrench (<a href="#Fig_41">Fig 41</a>), unscrew safety head. Never disassemble
+the safety head.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_69c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of plugs</span>. The filling plug, safety-head plug, and
+safety head are screwed in by hand and then tightened with wrenches. No
+substitution will be made for the safety head, which is manufactured
+to burst at the safe limit of pressure. The plug threads and seats
+should be cleaned with a cloth (<a href="#Fig_29">Fig 29</a>) before installing plugs. Screw
+in deflector tube, using hand pressure. The tube outlet should face to
+the rear and at a 45-degree angle to operator’s left shoulder. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>)
+Replace lock nut and tighten with wrench. (Use wrench on lock nut, not
+on deflector tube.)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_69d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of plugs</span>. Replace safety head if damaged or blown.
+Never repair safety head or use an improvised head.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_70">70. TANK COUPLING.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_70a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. This quick-connecting
+coupling (<a href="#Fig_42">Fig 42</a>) connects and locks the fuel hose or the coupling plug to the tank
+group. The coupling cams, lock, and washer provide a secure and tight
+joint. The tank coupling makes possible rapid replacement of emptied
+tank groups with filled and charged tank groups in the field. No tools
+are needed for this operation.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_42">
+<img src="images/i_p069.jpg" width="600" height="300" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 42. Tank coupling and end of fuel-hose assembly.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_70b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) To remove the tank coupling from the hose connector, apply a wrench
+and unscrew.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">70</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_43">
+<img src="images/i_p070_1.jpg" width="600" height="397" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 43. Closing cams of tank coupling to connect gun and
+tank group. This is done before locking. (See below.)</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_44">
+<img src="images/i_p070_2.jpg" width="600" height="331" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 44. Closing lock of tank coupling to secure gun to
+tank group. This also provides a fuel-tight seal.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) To disconnect the tank coupling from the fuel hose or the coupling
+plug:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Release pressure from fuel tanks by operating the fuel<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">71</a></span> valve or
+by opening very slightly the filling plug.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) Using hands, pivot the coupling lock back on the coupling body.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) Using hands, pivot the two coupling cams back on the coupling.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) Slide out the fuel hose or the tank coupling.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">e</span>) If coupling washer is to be removed, pry out with a screw driver.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_70c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of tank coupling</span>. Proceed as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) If coupling washer has been removed, replace.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Insert coupling plug or hose nipple, tank end, in the coupling as
+far as it will reach. Close the two cams. (<a href="#Fig_43">Fig 43</a>)</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_45">
+<img src="images/i_p071.jpg" width="300" height="258" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 45. Coupling plug in place in tank coupling. This
+arrangement is used when fuel tanks are brought back for filling with
+gun detached.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Close the coupling lock (<a href="#Fig_44">Fig 44</a>), being sure to push it all the
+way, until it covers the ends of both cams. (<a href="#Fig_45">Figure 45</a> shows coupling
+lock correctly locked on coupling plug.)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) If the tank coupling has been removed from the hose connector,
+screw it on hand tight. Anti-seize compound should be applied lightly
+to the threads to assure a tight joint. Use wrench to tighten the
+coupling until it is in the position shown in <a href="#Fig_34">Figure 34</a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_70d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of tank coupling</span>. The coupling washer, made of
+synthetic rubber, should be inspected frequently. If it is damaged or
+swollen, remove it and replace. If the coupling leaks, inspect, and if
+necessary, remove and replace the washer.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_71">71. CARRIER.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_71a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_46">Fig 46</a>) The tank group is securely
+carried on the firer’s back and chest by the carrier, which includes
+the metal carrier frame, the canvas carrier pack, webbing straps, and
+cord, all of which are parts of the tank group.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Carrier frame</span>. This lightweight, tubular-metal frame is bolted to
+two pairs of brackets (upper and lower) on the fuel tanks. It is also
+bolted to the hose connector by the frame clamp, which helps support
+the connector. The frame is pierced by two parallel series of holes,
+through which the cord (lashing) of the carrier is laced.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Carrier pack</span>. This is a sheet of heavy canvas, reinforced on the
+tank side with strips of webbing. The smooth side of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">72</a></span> carrier pack
+rests against the firer’s back and cushions the back from contact with
+the metal tanks. A series of eyelets is located on each side of the
+pack.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Seine cord (lashing)</span>. The carrier pack is fastened to the carrier
+frame by means of hard-braided cord which is laced through the eyelets
+in the pack and the holes in the frame. The cord that comes on the
+flame thrower stretches very little under load.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Straps</span>. The straps, made of wide cotton webbing, are
+adjustable to fit the wearer. (<a href="#Fig_18">Fig 18</a>) They are provided with snap
+release, hook-and-eye, and snap fasteners. The shoulder straps have
+quick-release fasteners for rapid removal, if necessary, of the tank
+group from the firer. The upper ends (steel loops) of the shoulder
+straps are secured by pins to the steel support which connects the two
+fuel tanks. Each of the pins is held in position by a split cotter pin,
+which is inserted through a hole in the pin and is then spread. The
+lower ends of the shoulder straps snap onto metal loops at the bottom
+of the carrier frame. The upper body straps are attached to metal loops
+on each side of the carrier frame. The lower body straps are fastened
+to one of the lower two pairs of eyelets of the carrier pack.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_71b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of carrier.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) To remove carrier or carrier frame, use screw driver and
+adjustable-end wrench to take off frame clamp, bolt, nut, and lock
+washer. (<a href="#Fig_34">Fig 34)</a> Then remove two pairs of bolts, nuts, and lock washers
+which hold the carrier frame to bottom and top of the fuel tanks. Lift
+off the carrier.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) To remove body straps, unsnap ends and lift out of holes. To remove
+shoulder straps, unsnap lower ends and remove from holes. Pull out
+cotter pins, then pins, from upper ends of shoulder straps, and lift
+out straps.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) To remove carrier pack, unknot and unlace cord.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_71c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of carrier.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) To install carrier frame (or a complete carrier) place frame in
+position adjacent to fuel tanks (<a href="#Fig_46">Fig 46</a>), insert bolts in holes, place
+lock washers and nuts on bolts, and tighten with screw driver and
+wrench. Replace frame clamp on fuel connector and frame. Insert bolt in
+holes, place lock washer and nut on bolt. Tighten with screw driver and
+wrench.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) If carrier pack has been removed, use cord to relash. Lace tight
+and use slip-proof knots. (<a href="#Fig_46">Fig 46</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) To install straps, snap ends of body straps and lower ends of
+shoulder straps into positions shown in <a href="#Fig_46">Figure 46</a>. Place upper ends
+(steel loops) of shoulder straps in steel support between fuel tanks.
+Insert two pins through any two of the holes in the support and through
+the shoulder strap loops. Insert cotter pins in holes in pins and
+spread cotter pins to lock pins in place.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_71d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Adjustment of carrier</span>. Carrier must be carefully adjusted to fit
+the individual firer so the load will not shift during sudden,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">73</a></span> rapid
+changes of firer’s position. Adjustments are as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Cord and carrier pack</span>. Cord must be tight at all times. The cord
+furnished with the equipment has very little tendency to stretch.
+However, pull cord tight when lacing and use slip-proof knots at ends.
+Tighten cord periodically.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_46">
+<img src="images/i_p073.jpg" width="469" height="600" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 46. Carrier assembled on tank group.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Straps</span>. Adjust straps to fit each firer, moving slides on straps
+as necessary. Straps must fit snugly to prevent shifting of load and to
+keep tank group high on firer’s back. Lower body straps may be fastened
+in second pair from the bottom of carrier<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">74</a></span> eyelets to conform to
+firer’s physique. Pins, which hold top ends of shoulder straps to steel
+support between the fuel tanks, may be moved to any two of the three
+holes so as to provide the best balance in the load.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_71e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of carrier</span>. Keep carrier dry and clean. If flame
+thrower becomes wet or muddy, clean and dry carrier thoroughly. Store
+in a dry place. If rotted, mildewed, or damaged, replace affected
+parts. If cord frays or breaks, use special seine cord from service kit
+as replacement.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XVII_GUN_GROUP">Section XVII GUN GROUP</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_72">72. GENERAL</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The gun group consists of the fuel-hose assembly and the gun. The gun
+includes the fuel valve, which controls the ejection of fuel, and the
+ignition head, which ignites the fuel.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_73">73. FUEL-HOSE ASSEMBLY.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_73a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_47">Fig 47</a>) Hose, fuel, flame thrower,
+M1, assembly, provides a flexible connection between the fuel tanks and
+the gun.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Hose</span>. Made of synthetic rubber and reinforced with a cover of
+metal wire and cotton braid, the hose resists the action of gasoline
+and oil, and withstands a pressure of approximately 1,000 pounds per
+square inch. Its inside diameter is 7/8 inch; its outside diameter is
+approximately 1-1/4 inches.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Nipples</span>. The hose nipple, tank end, connects the hose to the tank
+coupling on the tank group. The hose nipple, gun end, is a threaded
+connector between the other end of the hose and the fuel-valve body.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_73b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of fuel-hose assembly</span>. Remove the hose from the gun only
+when necessary for maintenance. The threads in the fuel-valve body will
+be damaged by frequent screwing and unscrewing of the hose because the
+body is a lightweight aluminum casting. Fuel hose is replaced as a unit
+and is not disassembled in the second echelon. To disconnect from tank
+group, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_70b">70 <span class="u">b</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_73c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of fuel-hose assembly.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) To install in tank group, see Paragraph <a href="#PARA_70c">70 <span class="u">c</span></a>.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) To install in gun, apply anti-seize compound (from service kit)
+lightly to threads and screw hose in fuel-valve body by hand. Use
+wrench only enough to make a secure connection.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_73d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of fuel-hose assembly</span>. If the hose nipple, tank end,
+is badly nicked and does not provide a tight connection<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">75</a></span> with a new
+coupling washer (<a href="#PARA_70">Par 70</a>):</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) File the end surface, being careful to keep the surface at a right
+angle to the sides of the nipple.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Couple hose nipple, tank end, to tank coupling. If coupling closes
+very easily, indicating washer is not being compressed, replace the
+washer and recouple. If coupling still closes too freely, the nipple
+has been filed too short, and the fuel-hose assembly should be replaced
+as a unit.</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_74">74. VALVE GRIP.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_74a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_47">Fig 47</a>) The valve grip is part of
+the fuel valve. It includes the controls and is held by the firer in
+his right hand to support the gun group. Parts of the valve grip are:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Left and right valve grips</span>. A pistol-type grip is formed by two
+aluminum housings designated as the left valve grip and the right valve
+grip. The two parts are held together by four screws and four lock
+washers.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Grip support</span>. This aluminum housing is mounted above the left and
+right valve grips and connected to them by two screws and lock washers.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Valve lever</span>. This control is made to fit the fingers and is
+mounted in front of and between the two parts of the valve grip. A
+pin at the top of the lever fits into holes in left and right valve
+grips and serves as a pivot, governing the movement of the lever. When
+the lever and the grip safety are compressed simultaneously by the
+operator, the valve is thereby opened and fuel is ejected from the gun.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Grip safety</span>. This control is grasped by the hand simultaneously
+with the valve lever. It is mounted back of and between left and right
+valve grips. A pin at the base of the safety fits into holes in the
+left and right valve grips and serves as a pivot in a manner similar to
+the pin on the valve lever. The fuel cannot be discharged unless both
+the valve lever and the grip safety are compressed simultaneously.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Rocker arm</span>. The rocker arm, a boat-shaped metal part, is mounted
+near its center on a pin. It is held in contact with the valve lever by
+means of a valve-grip spring and spring pin. At its top end, the rocker
+arm touches the yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm assembly. When the
+valve lever and the grip safety are compressed, the rocker arm pushes
+the valve diaphragm assembly forward.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) <span class="u">Valve-grip spring</span>. When the firer’s hand releases the valve grip,
+the valve-grip spring forces the valve lever, the grip safety, and the
+rocker arm back to their normal, nonoperating positions.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_74b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of valve grip.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Unscrew the four screws and lock washers that hold the grip support
+to the valve body. Remove the valve grip as a unit.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">76</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_47">
+<img src="images/i_p076.jpg" width="600" height="369" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 47. Fuel valve (disassembled) and fuel hose,
+showing nomenclature and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for
+requisitioning spare parts.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">77</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_48">
+<img src="images/i_p077_1.jpg" width="312" height="400" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 48. Location of parts in right valve grip before
+covering them with left valve grip.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_49">
+<img src="images/i_p077_2.jpg" width="463" height="400" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 49. Using screw driver to push long end of
+valve-grip spring into groove in grip safety.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) To disassemble valve grip, remove screws and lock washers from the
+grip. Lift off the left valve grip, exposing contents of grip. Lift out
+the following parts: valve-grip spring, rocker arm, grip safety, and
+valve lever.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_74c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installing valve grip.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Place grip safety, valve lever, and rocker arm in position in right
+valve grip. (<a href="#Fig_49">Fig 48</a>) Be sure the shorter end of rocker arm is at the
+top. Place grip spring over spring pin. Slip short end of grip spring
+in groove of rocker arm. Place long end of grip spring on outside of
+grip safety.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Put left valve grip in place and insert the two lower lock washers
+and screws. Tighten the two screws enough to hold parts in place and
+still leave space for moving long end of spring into the groove in grip
+safety. Push spring into groove with a screw driver. (<a href="#Fig_49">Fig 49</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) With spring in place, fully tighten the two screws with screw
+driver.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Place grip support in position, and insert the two upper lock
+washers and screws. Tighten screws, using screw driver.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Attach valve grip to valve body, using the four lock washers and
+inserting the four screws through the grip support. Make sure that the
+yoke shaft of the valve-diaphragm assembly is in front of rocker arm.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_74d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of valve grip</span>. No maintenance is required for the
+valve grip other than replacement of worn or damaged parts, tightening
+of screws, cleaning, and lubrication. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_75">75. BARREL AND VALVE-BODY ASSEMBLY.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_75a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_47">Fig 47</a>) This assembly is part of the
+fuel valve. It includes the barrel, valve body, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">78</a></span> operating parts
+contained in the barrel and valve body. The assembly consists of:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Valve body</span>, an aluminum housing, located at the rear of the
+gun and mounted on the grip support by means of four screws and lock
+washers. The valve body has four large threaded openings. The lower
+opening leads into the valve grip. The side opening, which forms a
+Y with the main portion of the body, is connected to the fuel-hose
+assembly. The front opening is screwed on the barrel. The rear opening
+is closed by the spring retainer and plug.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Valve-diaphragm assembly</span>, which transmits and reverses the
+movement imparted to it by the rocker arm of the valve grip. (<a href="#PARA_74a">Par 74 <span class="u">a</span></a>)
+It also serves as a seal, keeping fuel from entering the valve
+grip. The valve-diaphragm assembly includes:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) <span class="u">Yoke shaft</span>, on which the rocker arm bears at the lower end of
+the shaft.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) <span class="u">Yoke</span>, a Y-shaped metal part which fits on the upper end of the
+yoke shaft and is held to it by a steel pin. The yoke transmits motion
+from the shaft to the yoke block, and is located within the valve body
+when the valve is assembled.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) <span class="u">Diaphragm</span>, a synthetic-rubber diaphragm held in a steel sleeve,
+which fits snugly in the lower opening of the valve body. The yoke
+shaft passes through the diaphragm.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Diaphragm support, washer, and cap</span>, which hold the
+valve-diaphragm assembly in place in the valve body.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Spring retainer</span>, a brass, hollow bushing which screws into the
+rear opening of the valve body, and which is threaded internally
+to receive the plug. The retainer has a hexagonal head to take a
+1-3/8-inch wrench. As its name implies, the retainer holds the valve
+spring in position.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Plug</span>, a brass part, resembling a cap screw, which fits into
+the spring retainer, closing off the rear end of the gun. It permits
+adjustment of the needle (see <a href="#PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span></a> below) without removing the valve
+spring and spring retainer.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) <span class="u">Valve spring</span>, a coil spring located in the valve body between the
+spring retainer and the yoke block. The spring keeps the needle seated
+in the nozzle until compression of the grip safety and valve lever
+forces back the yoke block, spring, and needle.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) <span class="u">Yoke block</span>, a steel piece, 1 inch long, which fits into the arms
+of the yoke Y. It is secured by an internal thread to the valve needle.
+Movement of the yoke in turn moves the yoke block and the valve needle.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(8) <span class="u">Lock nut</span>, on the valve-needle thread at the rear of the yoke
+block, which locks the block on the needle.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(9) <span class="u">Valve-needle</span>, a pointed rod, which extends through the inside
+of the barrel from the yoke block to the nozzle. The valve needle is
+seated in the nozzle except when firing. It controls the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">79</a></span> ejection of
+fuel from the nozzle. Two sets of three fins each, known as needle
+guides, are mounted on the front and rear of the needle, respectively.
+These guides keep the needle centered in the barrel. The rear end
+of the valve needle is threaded to hold the yoke block and permit
+adjustment of the needle by means of the lock nut which screws on the
+threads. (See <a href="#PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span></a> below.)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(10) <span class="u">Barrel</span> (Figs <a href="#Fig_47">47</a> and <a href="#Fig_54">54</a>), which carries the fuel to the ignition
+head. It also supports or contains other components of the gun. The
+barrel assembly is replaced as a unit with the needle. It consists of a
+tube, made of thin metal, with a threaded fitting at the back end, and
+a nozzle brazed into the front end of the tube. The nozzle ejects the
+fuel from the barrel through the ignition head. The fuel emerges from
+two holes in the nozzle:</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) <span class="u">Atomizer hole</span>, a small opening which sprays a fine, readily
+ignited mist of fuel. This helps ignite the main stream of fuel.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) <span class="u">Main hole</span>, which is tapered inside, and which conveys the main
+stream of fuel from the barrel. When the gun is not being fired, the
+valve needle is seated in the main hole of the nozzle. When the gun is
+being fired, the needle is withdrawn from the nozzle seat, permitting
+the fuel to be forced from the gun.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_75b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of barrel and valve-body assembly</span>. If gun group and
+tank group are connected, release any pressure in the fuel tanks by
+compressing the valve lever and the grip safety. Then disassemble as
+follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Unscrew the fuel-hose assembly from the fuel-valve body only if
+this is necessary for maintenance.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Remove spring retainer and plug from end of fuel-valve body and
+remove valve spring.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_50">
+<img src="images/i_p079.jpg" width="600" height="257" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 50. Valve needle, yoke block, and lock nut ready for
+installation in fuel-valve body.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Unscrew diaphragm cap and pull out washer, support, and
+valve-diaphragm assembly. To prevent loss of valve-needle adjustment<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">80</a></span>
+(<a href="#Fig_54">Fig 54</a>), do not disturb position of yoke block by turning the needle.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_51">
+<img src="images/i_p080_1.jpg" width="300" height="363" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 51. Placing diaphragm assembly in position in
+fuel-valve body.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_52">
+<img src="images/i_p080_2.jpg" width="300" height="344" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 52. Installing parts in fuel-valve body.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Slide the valve needle out of barrel; the yoke block and the lock
+nut may then be unscrewed from the valve needle, but adjustment (see
+<a href="#PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span></a> below) will be necessary when reinstalling.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_75c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of barrel and valve-body assembly.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) To install valve needle, screw the yoke block and lock nut on the
+needle (<a href="#Fig_50">Fig 50</a>). Insert needle in valve body and barrel.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Insert valve-diaphragm assembly into valve body (<a href="#Fig_51">Fig 51</a>), making
+sure that the yoke slips into the flat notches of yoke block.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_53">
+<img src="images/i_p080_3.jpg" width="600" height="242" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 53. Installing spring retainer in fuel-valve body.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Slip the diaphragm support, washer, and cap over the yoke<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">81</a></span> shaft.
+(<a href="#Fig_52">Fig 52</a>) Screw on the diaphragm cap by hand. Do not use a wrench.
+Install valve grip. (<a href="#PARA_74c">Par 74 <span class="u">c</span></a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Place valve spring over end of needle and install spring retainer.
+(<a href="#Fig_53">Fig 53</a>) Apply wrench very lightly to tighten spring retainer.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Adjust needle (see <span class="u">d</span> below), and screw plug into the spring
+retainer.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) If hose has been removed, apply anti-seize compound lightly to the
+threads. Screw hose into fuel-valve body. Wrench should be applied very
+lightly to tighten.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Adjustment of valve needle</span>. Needle is adjusted after installation
+of parts in barrel and valve assembly. Use care when resetting needle,
+as smooth operation of the weapon depends on accurate adjustment.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Remove ignition shield (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>) and plug from gun.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Use the valve-adjusting wrench (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>) to hold the lock nut and
+apply a cabinet (narrow-bladed) screw driver (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig 8</a>) in the end of the
+needle. Turn needle until it makes a snug fit in the nozzle opening.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Compress the valve lever and grip safety. The needle should draw
+back into the nozzle with the tip of the needle at the smallest
+diameter opening in the nozzle. (<a href="#Fig_54">Fig 54</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) When the needle has been correctly adjusted, as in (3) above,
+tighten the lock nut with the valve-adjusting wrench, keeping the
+needle from turning with the screw driver. This will lock the
+adjustment. Screw plug into the spring retainer.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Replace ignition shield. (<a href="#PARA_18">Par 18</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_75e"><span class="u">e</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of barrel and valve body.</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_54">
+<img src="images/i_p081.jpg" width="600" height="280" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 54. Valve-needle adjustment. Solid lines show needle
+in correct open position with point at smallest diameter of nozzle.
+Broken lines show needle in closed position.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Damaged parts</span>. Replace worn or damaged parts. If the diaphragm
+shows evidence<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">82</a></span> of tears or separation, or if leaks occur at the
+diaphragm, replace the valve-diaphragm assembly.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Valve spring</span>. If valve spring has lost resiliency, grasp it by
+the ends and stretch slightly, or replace.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Nozzle leaks</span>. If valve leaks at nozzle, and cleaning
+(<a href="#PARA_55d">Par 55 <span class="u">d</span></a>) does not remedy the leak, adjust needle (see <a href="#PARA_75d"><span class="u">d</span></a> above). If leak
+persists, either replace barrel and needle, or lap seat. To lap, place
+lapping compound on seat (in nozzle) and on needle point. Turn needle
+in seat until parts make a tight connection when seated. Remove lapping
+compound, reassemble, adjust needle, and test fire.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Atomizer hole</span>. If atomizer hole is clogged, clean with fine wire.
+(<a href="#PARA_52i">Par 52 <span class="u">i</span></a>)</p>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_76">76. IGNITION HEAD.</h4>
+
+<p id="PARA_76a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Description and functioning</span>. (<a href="#Fig_55">Fig 55</a>) The ignition head ignites
+the fuel when the flame thrower is fired. It is mounted on the fore
+part of the barrel. It consists of:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Ignition-head body</span>, which includes half of the front grip. Three
+set screws serve to tighten the ignition-head body to the barrel. The
+ignition-head body is made of aluminum.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Trigger and trigger bearing</span>, held between the ignition-head body
+and the coverplate by the trigger screw.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Trigger rod</span>, one end of which is held in the trigger bearing,
+the other extending through the ignition-head body. Pulling the
+trigger shoves the trigger rod forward, causing it to push a match in
+the ignition cylinder. The match ignites an incendiary charge in the
+ignition cylinder.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) <span class="u">Trigger spring</span>, which hooks over a projection of the trigger and
+is held at its lower end by a screw, which is held in the ignition-head
+body. This spring pulls the trigger rod back from the firing position
+after the firer releases the trigger.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) <span class="u">Latch</span>, located in the ignition-head body, in front of and above
+the trigger guard. The latch, set on a pin, engages the notch of the
+ignition shield, locking it in place. A latch spring holds latch in
+position.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) <span class="u">Coverplate</span>, an aluminum casting which constitutes the left
+section of the front grip and covers the working parts seated in the
+ignition head body. The coverplate and body are held together by four
+screws and four lock washers.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) <span class="u">Spring case</span>, which turns the ignition cylinder when the trigger
+is pulled.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">a</span>) Four projections on the inner spring case are bent over the outer
+spring case to hold the two parts together.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">b</span>) The inner-case pin (<a href="#Fig_56">Fig 56</a>) engages a stop on the inside of the
+ignition cylinder. The five projecting metal matches on the inside
+of the ignition cylinder are each in turn stopped by the lug on the
+forward-facing surface of the ignition-head body.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">83</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_55">
+<img src="images/i_p083.jpg" width="600" height="363" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 55. Ignition head disassembled, showing nomenclature
+and Chemical Warfare Service stock numbers for requisitioning spare
+parts.</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">84</a></span>When the trigger is pulled, the trigger rod pushes a match
+forward, causing an incendiary charge in the ignition cylinder to
+ignite. The spring in the case rotates the ignition cylinder until
+another match is stopped by the lug.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_56">
+<img src="images/i_p084.jpg" width="600" height="266" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 56. Parts of ignition head and ignition cylinder.</p></div>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">c</span>) The outer-case pin (on the outside surface of the outer spring
+case) fits into the notch in the ignition shield and holds the spring
+case as the shield is screwed into position. This action winds the
+spring in the case.</p>
+
+<p class="p3">(<span class="u">d</span>) A snap ring holds the spring case on the ignition-head body.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(8) <span class="u">Ignition shield</span>, a cylindrical, thin-metal tube with a conical
+front end. The shield guides the flame and protects the firer. Eight
+holes around the base of the cone provide an air intake for burning
+the fuel. The base of the shield is threaded, and it screws onto the
+ignition-head body. A notch (<a href="#Fig_56">Fig 56</a>) in the base of the shield receives
+the latch and the outer-case pin of the spring case.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_76b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Removal of ignition head</span>. To remove the ignition head, proceed as
+follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Remove shield by lifting latch and unscrewing shield
+counterclockwise. (<a href="#Fig_14">Fig 14</a>) Keep hands and face away from front of
+barrel.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) If ignition cylinder has not been removed, remove it or allow it to
+fall off barrel.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Pry off snap ring which holds spring case in position, using screw
+driver. (<a href="#Fig_57">Fig 57</a>) Be careful not to damage or break the ignition-head
+body by applying too much leverage.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Remove the four screws and lock washers which hold ignition-head
+body and coverplate together. Lift off coverplate.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Trigger, trigger spring, trigger rod, latch, and latch spring may
+be removed.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) Using a hex wrench, loosen set screws (<a href="#Fig_58">Fig 58</a>) and withdraw barrel
+from ignition head.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">85</a></span></p>
+
+<p id="PARA_76c"><span class="u">c</span>. <span class="u">Installation of ignition head</span>. To install ignition head, proceed
+as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) Insert barrel in ignition-head body, pushing it as far forward as
+the shoulder on the barrel permits.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) Aline front grip and valve grip.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) Using hex wrench, tighten set screws on barrel enough to hold but
+not so tight that barrel is dented.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(4) Place latch, latch spring, trigger and bearing, trigger rod, and
+trigger spring in position.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(5) Put coverplate on ignition-head body and replace the four lock
+washers and screws.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(6) Slip spring case over barrel, and lock by forcing snap ring into
+the groove.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(7) When weapon is to be used on a mission, fit ignition cylinder
+and ignition shield in place on nozzle end of barrel as described in
+Paragraph <a href="#PARA_18">18</a>.</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_76d"><span class="u">d</span>. <span class="u">Maintenance of ignition head.</span></p>
+
+<p class="p2">(1) <span class="u">Servicing</span>. The ignition head should be cleaned and lubricated
+each time it is disassembled. (<a href="#PARA_49">Par 49</a>)</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(2) <span class="u">Spring-case assembly</span>. If outer case rotates and inner case does
+not, and no spring action occurs, spring is broken and spring case
+should be replaced as a unit. Do not disassemble or repair this part.</p>
+
+<p class="p2">(3) <span class="u">Trigger rod and lug</span>. When trigger is pulled all the way, end
+of trigger rod should extend 1/16 inch beyond lug on forward-facing
+surface of ignition-head body. If end of trigger rod is worn, replace
+rod. Lug on the ignition-head body should be approximately 7/32 inch
+high. If lug is worn or broken, replace ignition head body.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_57">
+<img src="images/i_p085_1.jpg" width="300" height="308" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 57. Prying snap ring from ignition head to remove
+spring case.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_58">
+<img src="images/i_p085_2.jpg" width="300" height="309" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 58. Loosening set screws with wrench so ignition
+head may be lifted off barrel.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">86</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="APPENDIX">APPENDIX</h2>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<h3 id="Section_XVIII_SHIPMENT">Section XVIII SHIPMENT
+AND STORAGE</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_77">77. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">The flame thrower is shipped and stored in a wooden packing case (<a href="#Fig_59">Fig 59</a>),
+ which measures approximately 34 inches by 23 inches by 19 inches.
+Cubage of the case is approximately 8-1/2 cubic feet.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" id="Fig_59">
+<img src="images/i_p086.jpg" width="600" height="412" alt="" />
+<p class="caption">Fig 59. Opened packing chest showing flame thrower and
+other contents as received.</p></div>
+
+<p id="PARA_77a"><span class="u">a</span>. <span class="u">Storage procedure</span>. After use and servicing (Pars <a href="#PARA_55">55</a> and <a href="#PARA_56">56</a>), if
+the weapon is not to be promptly reused on another mission, it should
+be returned to the packing case. Before disconnecting the gun group
+from the tank group and storing the weapon, the ignition cylinder
+should be removed, the fuel discharged, and the pressure released.
+Operate fuel valve to release any residual pressure in the fuel tanks.
+The deflector tube must be removed from the safety head (<a href="#Fig_11">Fig 11</a>) to
+permit the tank group to fit into the chest. The deflector tube should
+be kept in the spare parts<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">87</a></span> kit or tool kit until the next use of the
+weapon. The spare parts kit, the tool kit, the extra cans of cylinders,
+TM 3-376A, and the coupling plug (<a href="#Fig_7">Fig 7</a>) should remain in the chest
+except when they are being used. Wooden fittings hold the tank group in
+place, with the pressure tank up. The gun group is disconnected from
+the tank group and is kept with fuel hose connected to the gun on the
+gun mounting board in the chest. (<a href="#Fig_10">Fig 10</a>)</p>
+
+<p id="PARA_77b"><span class="u">b</span>. <span class="u">Rust prevention</span>. If the flame thrower, parts, and tools are to be
+stored for a considerable length of time, especially in a damp climate,
+all exposed metal surfaces should be covered with a rust-preventive
+compound. Store in a dry place.</p>
+
+<h3 class="chapter" id="Section_XIX_LIST_OF_REFERENCES">Section XIX LIST OF REFERENCES</h3>
+
+<h4 id="PARA_78">78. REFERENCES.</h4>
+
+<p class="noindent">References pertaining to the care and use of flame throwers include:</p>
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" summary="references">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="15%" />
+<col width="65%" />
+</colgroup>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">AR&nbsp;850-20</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Precautions in Handling Gasoline</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">AR 850-60</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Compressed Gas Cylinders; Safe Handling,
+Storing, Shipping, Using</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">FM 31-50</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Attack on a Fortified Position and Combat in
+Towns</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">FM 100-5</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Operations</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">TM 3-220</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Decontamination</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl vertt">TM 9-850</td>
+<td class="tdl vertt"><p class="indent">Cleaning, Preserving, Lubricating, and Welding
+Materials and Similar Items Issued by
+the Ordnance Department
+</p></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">88</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter" id="INDEX">INDEX</h2>
+
+<div class="center">
+<table class="myleft" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="index">
+<tr>
+<th>&nbsp;</th>
+<th class="tdr normal"><span class="u">Paragraphs</span></th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- A -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Adjustable-end wrench,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Adjustment of fire,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a>, <a href="#PARA_26c">26<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">After firing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_30">30</a>, <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>, <a href="#PARA_56">56</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">After six missions,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56">56</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Aging of fuel,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35j">35<span class="u">j</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Aiming,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a>, <a href="#PARA_26c">26<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Air compressor,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32a">32<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32">32<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_39a">39<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Alcohol,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35a">35<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Angles of tanks when firing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24b">24<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Anti-seize compound</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">source of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58b">58<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Assistants,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4f">4<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Atomizer hole</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52i">52<span class="u">i</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- B -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Barrel</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55i">55<span class="u">i</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">damage to,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Barrel and valve-body assembly,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bleeders,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32c">32<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Burning time of fuels,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bursts,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4b">4<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_25c">25<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_28">28</a>, <a href="#PARA_29">29</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Bushing, pipe, 3/4 inch by 1/2 inch,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_8">8</a>, <a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- C -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cap, diaphragm,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Capacity, fuel,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9e">9<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Carrier</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a>, <a href="#PARA_56e">56<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71a">71<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71c">71<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preventive maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51">51</a>, <a href="#PARA_55h">55<span class="u">h</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71b">71<span class="u">b</span></a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">89</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Carrier frame,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Carrier pack,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Carrying the flame thrower,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a>, <a href="#PARA_20">20</a>, <a href="#PARA_55b">55<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56e">56<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Catalog,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Charging of pressure tank,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Check valve</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66e">66<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cleaning</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">gun,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49a">49<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55">55</a>, <a href="#PARA_56f">56<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58c">58<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74d">74<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">tank group,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55">55</a>, <a href="#PARA_58c">58<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68c">68<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cold weather,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-36, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Compound, anti-seize</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">source of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58b">58<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Compound, pipe thread (anti-seize),</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58b">58<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Compressed air</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging apparatus,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_46">46</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">release of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">volume required,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32c">32<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Compressor, air,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32a">32<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32b">32<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Controls,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14">14</a>, <a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_26">26</a>, <a href="#PARA_61">61</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cord</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71a">71<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71c">71<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">tightening,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51h">51<span class="u">h</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71d">71<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cotter pins,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Coupling plug,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10f">10<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_39c">39<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Coupling washer,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58f">58<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Coverplate,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cubage,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Crankcase drainings,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_36">36</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Cylinders</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46">46</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">number required,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32b">32<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of, in charging,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of, in filling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- D -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">90</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Dampness</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on ignition cylinder,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on thickener,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on weapon,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_51g">51<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_77b">77<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Deflector tube,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12j">12<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Description of flame thrower,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5">5</a>, <a href="#PARA_65">65</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Destruction</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">accessories,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46b">46<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_46d"><span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">flame thrower,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46a">46<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46c">46<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ignition cylinders,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_46f">46<span class="u">f</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">thickener,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46e">46<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diaphragm,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diaphragm cap,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diaphragm support,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diaphragm, valve, assembly,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56e">56<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58a">58<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diaphragm washer,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diesel oil,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Differences in models,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7">7</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Diffusion-pipe assembly,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_67">67</a>, <a href="#PARA_68">68</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Dimensions,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Discharge time,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Dome-type regulator,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Drums,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>-40</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Duration of fire,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Dust</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">blowing out,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_33j">33<span class="u">j</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- E -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">E1 ignition cylinders,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18a">18<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">E3 portable flame thrower,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7a">7<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Engineers’ wrenches,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdc" colspan="2">- F -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Filling fuel tanks</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">by blowing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">by force pump,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_38">38</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">by pouring,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">service when filling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53">53</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Filling plug,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Filling with fuel,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-40<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">91</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fire precautions,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15c">15<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>, <a href="#PARA_55">55</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Firers,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4f">4<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Firing technique,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_26">26</a>-30, <a href="#PARA_54">54</a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Flexible shaft,</td>
+<td class="tdr"> valve</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66d">66<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Frame clamp,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">capacity,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9e">9<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">characteristics,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46c">46<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">left in tanks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24b">24<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">per 100 fillings,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">precautions,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>-40, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preparation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ranges,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">weight,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel-filling hose,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel-filling line,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_46b">46<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel hose</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70a">70<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">length,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40j">40<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40j">40<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70b">70<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73b">73<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73">73</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">stiffening of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_21">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel oils,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel tanks</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">angle when firing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24">24<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53a">53<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53b">53<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">fuel level,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53b">53<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">inspection,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53a">53<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68b">68<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68c">68<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68b">68<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Fuel valve</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56f">56<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61d">61<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">92</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">failure to close,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56">56</a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_26b">26<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74b">74<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75b">75<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56c">56<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Funnel,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>-37</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- G -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gage, fuel-tank testing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gage, pressure testing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gasoline, in fuels,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-40, <a href="#PARA_43">43</a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gloves,</td>
+<td class="tdr"> <a href="#PARA_20g">21<span class="u">g</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Grease,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Grip safety,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_56d">56<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Grip support,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gun</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">assembling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">carrying,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55i">55<span class="u">i</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56f">56<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74d">74<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_14">14</a>, <a href="#PARA_72">72</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">disassembling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">length,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">mounting board,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10e">10<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preventive maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_54">54</a>-56</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">requisitioning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">storage,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12g">12<span class="u">g</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Gun group</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">assembling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_72">72</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">connecting to tank group,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73">73</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_14">14</a>, <a href="#PARA_72">72</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">disassembly,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_72">72</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_72">72</a>-76</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preventive maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_54">54</a>-56</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">storage,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12g">12<span class="u">g</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">weight,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- H -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">93</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Heat, effect on fuel,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-36, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>, <a href="#PARA_43">43</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Hex wrenches,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76c">76<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Hose connector,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Hose,</td>
+<td class="tdr"> fuel</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_73a">73<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73c">73<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">length,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40j">40<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40j">40<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73b">73<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73">73</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">stiffening of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_21">21</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- I -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Identification,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_6">6</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ignition action,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14b">14<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ignition cylinders</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">action,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14b">14<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_46f">46<span class="u">f</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">discarding,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">duration of fire,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">failure,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">loading of gun,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">packing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10c">10<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">precautions,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_20">20</a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">storing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use in training,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15b">15<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_18a">18<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ignition failure,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_26">26</a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a>, <a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ignition head</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">assembling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76c">76<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">disassembling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">failure,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76c">76<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">loading,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ignition-head body,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ignition shield,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_52d">52<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Immersion, effects of,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Incendiary effects,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">94</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Interchanging with E3,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7a">7<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Interchanging with M1 or M1A1,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7b">7<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_8">8</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- J -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Jungle ranges,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- K -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Kerosene,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35a">35<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_36a">36<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Kit</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">tool,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10">10</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">spare parts,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10">10</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">service,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48">48</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- L -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Lapping needle and nozzle,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Latch,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Leaded gasoline,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40n">40<span class="u">n</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Leaks</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56">56</a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68">68</a>-70, <a href="#PARA_73">73</a>-75</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">pressure,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_51b">51<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Left valve grip,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Line, fuel-filling,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39">39</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Lines, charging and filling</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46">46</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">source,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Liquid fuels</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">aiming,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">characteristics,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">filling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_38">38</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">precautions,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_36">36</a>-40</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preparation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ranges,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Loading ignition cylinder,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Lubrication,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- M -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Marking,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_6">6</a>, <a href="#PARA_18a">18<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">M1 and M1A1 portable flame throwers,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_7b">7<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_8">8</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Moisture</td>
+<td>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">95</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on ignition cylinder,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on thickener,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on weapon,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_51g">51<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_77b">77<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Mounting board,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12g">12<span class="u">g</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- N -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Needle</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75b">75<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Nitrogen</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging apparatus,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_46">46</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">release of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">volume required,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32c">32<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Nozzle</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- O -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Oxygen, hazard from use,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32c">32<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- P -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Packing chest</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cubage,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">dimensions,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">opening,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a>, <a href="#PARA_30">30</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">weight,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Paddle,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_36">36</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Painting,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_13">13</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_68c">68<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pins,</td>
+<td class="tdr">(carrier) <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Plug, coupling,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10f">10<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_39c">39<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Plug, filling,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">96</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Plug-retainer assembly,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Plug, safety-head,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Plug, testing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Point-blank range,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Positions, firing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24">24</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Precautions</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">in training,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when charging,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when filling with fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>-40</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when firing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22a">22<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_24d">24<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when preparing fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_36">36</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">when servicing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_57">57</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">with cylinder,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_57">57</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">with gun,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_20">20</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging apparatus,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_46">46</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lack of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61">61</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61c">61<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">pounds of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9f">9<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">release of,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing for,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure regulator</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_59">59</a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67a">67<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67c">67<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_67b">67<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_59">59</a>, <a href="#PARA_67">67</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61b">61<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure tank</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_32">32</a>, <a href="#PARA_33">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure tank and valve assembly</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66d">66<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66e">66<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing for leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53d">53<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure-tank clamp</td>
+<td>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">97</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">repair,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51e">51<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure-tank valve</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14a">14<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_55g">55<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61b">61<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66e">66<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51a">51<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53c">53<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pressure-tank valve handle,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14a">14<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66">66</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Preventive maintenance services,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a>-56</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Pump</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">force,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_38">38</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">air,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_39a">39<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- R -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Rain, effect on firing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_77b">77<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Ranges,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4c">4<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_15b">15<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_15c">15<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_22">22</a>, <a href="#PARA_61">61</a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Recoil,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24c">24<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Records,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_2">2</a>, <a href="#PARA_49a">49<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">References,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_1b">1<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_78">78</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Regulator tube,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a>, <a href="#PARA_67">67</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Removal of tank group,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55b">55<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Right valve grip,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Rocker arm,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- S -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Safety, grip,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Safety-head plug,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Safety head, replacement,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51d">51<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_54b">54<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55f">55<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_59">59</a>, <a href="#PARA_69">69</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Screening effect,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Screw drivers,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_52f">52<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Seine cord</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71a">71<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_71c">71<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">tightening,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51h">51<span class="u">h</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60">60</a>, <a href="#PARA_71d">71<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Service kit,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48">48</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Service, on receipt of equipment,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a>, <a href="#PARA_13">13</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">98</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Set-screw wrenches,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76b">76<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76c">76<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Shield, ignition,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_52d">52<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_54a">54<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Shipment,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_77">77</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Short range, causes of,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61">61</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Sighting,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Skids, use of,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_24">24</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Smoke,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Smoking,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a>, <a href="#PARA_40d">40<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Snap ring,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Soaking the target,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_29">29</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spare parts in service kit,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48">48</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spare parts kit,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spray of fuel,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spring case</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52j">52<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dust,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a>, <a href="#PARA_52j">52<span class="u">j</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">general,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_18">18</a>, <a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication at,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_52j">52<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63b">63<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spring retainer and plug,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52g">52<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spring, trigger,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_63d">63<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spring-type regulator,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spring, valve,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Spring, valve-grip,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Stem, pressure valve,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66d">66<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Storage</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">charging lines,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cylinders,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_33">33</a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">filling lines,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">flame thrower,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12">12</a>, <a href="#PARA_30f">30<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_42">42</a>, <a href="#PARA_77">77</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35j">35<span class="u">j</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_36i">36<span class="u">i</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ignition cylinders,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Straps, adjustment,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a>, <a href="#PARA_51i">51<span class="u">i</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_60b">60<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71d">71<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Sun, exposure of flame thrower to,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_40">40</a>, <a href="#PARA_43">43</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Support, diaphragm,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- T -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tactics,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_4e">4<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tank connector,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tank coupling</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70d">70<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70a">70<span class="u">a</span></a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">99</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58">58</a>, <a href="#PARA_70d">70<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51c">51<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70c">70<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70d">70<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73a">73<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_70b">70<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51c">51<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tank group</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">carrying,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_19">19</a>, <a href="#PARA_24">24</a>, <a href="#PARA_55b">55<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">connecting to gun,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_65">65</a>-71</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">dimensions,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9d">9<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">interchanging,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4g">4<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_17">17</a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preventive maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_50">50</a>, <a href="#PARA_51">51</a>, <a href="#PARA_53">53</a>-56</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_55b">55<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66">66</a>-71</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">requisitioning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">weight,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Targets,</td>
+<td class="tdr"> <a href="#PARA_3">3</a>, <a href="#PARA_25">25</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Temperature, effects of,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a>-36, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a>, <a href="#PARA_43">43</a>, <a href="#PARA_44">44</a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_64">64</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Test firing,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_12k">12<span class="u">k</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_35k">35<span class="u">k</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_36h">36<span class="u">h</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Thickened fuel</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">aiming,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_25c">25<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_26c">26<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">characteristics,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">filling,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_37">37</a>-39</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">precautions,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_39">39</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">preparation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a>, <a href="#PARA_40">40</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">ranges,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22">22</a>, <a href="#PARA_34">34</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Thickener</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">destruction,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_46e">46<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">quantity,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9g">9<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_35">35</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">storage,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35">35</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Time of discharge,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_9b">9<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Tool kit,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_77a">77<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Training,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a>, <a href="#PARA_30a">30<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Trigger,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14b">14<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_26a">26<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_63">63</a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Trigger rod</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76a">76<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52l">52<span class="u">l</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76d">76<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Trigger screw,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_76">76</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Trigger spring,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52k">52<span class="u">k</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_63d">63<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_76">76</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">100</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- U -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Underbrush,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_22b">22<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Uses of flame throwers,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_3">3</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- V -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve-adjusting wrench</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">source,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve, pressure-tank,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve-diaphragm assembly,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10">10</a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_56c">56<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58a">58<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74">74</a>, <a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve flexible shaft</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66d">66<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve grip</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">action,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58a">58<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a>, <a href="#PARA_56d">56<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74d">74<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">maintenance,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74d">74<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74b">74<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve-grip spring,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74">74</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve lever</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_62">62</a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">play,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74b">74<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve needle</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52e">52<span class="u">e</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75d">75<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_52">52</a>, <a href="#PARA_55d">55<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75b">75<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75e">75<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve, fuel</td>
+<td>&nbsp;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">101</a></span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">adjustment,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">cleaning,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56f">56<span class="u">f</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61d">61<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5b">5<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">failure to close,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_62">62</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">leaks,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56c">56<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_58">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">lubrication,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_49">49</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14c">14<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_26b">26<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61a">61<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_74a">74<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75a">75<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_74c">74<span class="u">c</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_75c">75<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56c">56<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve pressure-tank</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">description,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_5a">5<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66a">66<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effects of dirt,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_42">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">installation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66c">66<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">operation,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_14a">14<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_21">21</a>, <a href="#PARA_55g">55<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_61b">61<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">removal,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_66b">66<span class="u">b</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">replacement,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_66e">66<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_51a">51<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_53c">53<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Valve spring,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Void in fuel tanks,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_53b">53<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_68a">68<span class="u">a</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- W -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Washer, coupling,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10b">10<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48b">48<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_70">70</a>, <a href="#PARA_73d">73<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Washer, diaphragm,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Water</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">and ignition cylinder,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_31">31</a>, <a href="#PARA_41">41</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on fuel,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on thickener,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_35e">35<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">effect on weapon,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_41">41</a>, <a href="#PARA_51g">51<span class="u">g</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_71e">71<span class="u">e</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use in testing,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_56b">56<span class="u">b</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl"><span class="add1em">use in training,</span></td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_15">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Weights,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_4d">4<span class="u">d</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_9c">9<span class="u">c</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Wind, effects of,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_23">23</a>, <a href="#PARA_45">45</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Wrenches,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_10a">10<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_48a">48<span class="u">a</span></a>, <a href="#PARA_67d">67<span class="u">d</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="center" colspan="2">- Y -</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Yoke,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Yoke block,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tdl">Yoke shaft,</td>
+<td class="tdr"><a href="#PARA_75">75</a></td>
+</tr></table></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">102</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapter padb2 small" id="NOTES"><span class="u">NOTES</span></h2>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p class="chapter padt2 padb2 center noindent sansserif">
+REPRODUCTION PLANT<br />
+CHEMICAL WARFARE SCHOOL<br />
+EDGEWOOD ARSENAL MD<br />
+1944</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<div class="transnote"><p>Transcriber’s Notes:</p>
+<p>The original accentuation, spelling, punctuation and hyphenation has been retained, except for apparent typographical errors.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of War Department Technical Manual TM
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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